1
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Üclü S, Marschelke C, Drees F, Giesler M, Wilms D, Köhler T, Schmidt S, Synytska A, Hartmann L. Sweet Janus Particles: Multifunctional Inhibitors of Carbohydrate-Based Bacterial Adhesion. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2399-2407. [PMID: 38454747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli and other bacteria use adhesion receptors, such as FimH, to attach to carbohydrates on the cell surface as the first step of colonization and infection. Efficient inhibitors that block these interactions for infection treatment are multivalent carbohydrate-functionalized scaffolds. However, these multivalent systems often lead to the formation of large clusters of bacteria, which may pose problems for clearing bacteria from the infected site. Here, we present Man-containing Janus particles (JPs) decorated on one side with glycomacromolecules to target Man-specific adhesion receptors of E. coli. On the other side, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) is attached to the particle hemisphere, providing temperature-dependent sterical shielding against binding and cluster formation. While homogeneously functionalized particles cluster with multiple bacteria to form large aggregates, glycofunctionalized JPs are able to form aggregates only with individual bacteria. The formation of large aggregates from the JP-decorated single bacteria can still be induced in a second step by increasing the temperature and making use of the collapse of the PNIPAM hemisphere. This is the first time that carbohydrate-functionalized JPs have been derived and used as inhibitors of bacterial adhesion. Furthermore, the developed JPs offer well-controlled single bacterial inhibition in combination with cluster formation upon an external stimulus, which is not achievable with conventional carbohydrate-functionalized particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Üclü
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Claudia Marschelke
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Felictas Drees
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, Freiburg Im Breisgau 79104, Germany
| | - Markus Giesler
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Dimitri Wilms
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Thorben Köhler
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, Freiburg Im Breisgau 79104, Germany
| | - Alla Synytska
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, Dresden 01069, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Research Group Functional Polymer Interfaces, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig-Thoma Str. 36a, Bayreuth 95447, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, Freiburg Im Breisgau 79104, Germany
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2
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Zhang Y, Liu W, Wei G, Liu Q, Shao G, Gu X, Cui X, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Zhao S, Muhammad F, Li S, Li T, Du Y, Wei H. Bioinspired Nanozymes as Nanodecoys for Urinary Tract Infection Treatment. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9019-9030. [PMID: 38483200 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), common bacterial infections in communities and medical facilities, are mainly mediated by FimH. The glycan sites of the uromodulin protein play a crucial role in protecting against UTIs by interacting with FimH. A bioinspired approach using glycan-FimH interactions may effectively reduce bacteria through an antiadhesive mechanism, thereby curbing bacterial resistance. However, typical antiadhesive therapy alone fails to address the excessive reactive oxygen species and inflammatory response during UTIs. To bridge this gap, antioxidant nanozymes with antiadhesive ability were developed as nanodecoys to counter bacteria and inflammation. Specifically, ultrasmall dextran-coated ceria (DEC) was engineered to address UTIs, with dextran blocking FimH adhesion and ceria exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. DECs, metabolizable by the kidneys, reduced bacterial content in the urinary tract, mitigating inflammation and tissue damage. In murine models, DECs successfully treated acute UTIs, repeated infections, and catheter-related UTIs. This dual approach not only highlights the potential of nanozymes for UTIs but also suggests applicability to other FimH-induced infections in the lungs and bowels, marking a significant advancement in nanozyme-based clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wanling Liu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Gen Wei
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guoqiang Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiaomiao Cui
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zijun Zhou
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Faheem Muhammad
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Sirong Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Tong Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hui Wei
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Biomedical Optics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
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3
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Thomas-Moore BA, Dedola S, Russell DA, Field RA, Marín MJ. Targeted photodynamic therapy for breast cancer: the potential of glyconanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6501-6513. [PMID: 38024308 PMCID: PMC10662151 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00544e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a non-toxic light sensitive molecule, a photosensitiser, that releases cytotoxic reactive oxygen species upon activation with light of a specific wavelength. Here, glycan-modified 16 nm gold nanoparticles (glycoAuNPs) were explored for their use in targeted PDT, where the photosensitiser was localised to the target cell through selective glycan-lectin interactions. Polyacrylamide (PAA)-glycans were chosen to assess glycan binding to the cell lines. These PAA-glycans indicated the selective uptake of a galactose-derivative PAA by two breast cancer cell lines, SK-BR-3 and MDA-MD-231. Subsequently, AuNPs were modified with a galactose-derivative ligand and an amine derivate of the photosensitiser chlorin e6 was incorporated to the nanoparticle surface via amide bond formation using EDC/NHS coupling chemistry. The dual modified nanoparticles were investigated for the targeted cell killing of breast cancer cells, demonstrating the versatility of using glycoAuNPs for selective binding to different cancer cells and their potential use for targeted PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brydie A Thomas-Moore
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd. Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Simone Dedola
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd. Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - David A Russell
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd. Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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4
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Gerling-Driessen UIM, Hoffmann M, Schmidt S, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Glycopolymers against pathogen infection. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2617-2642. [PMID: 36820794 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites continue to shape our lives in profound ways every day. As we have learned to live in parallel with pathogens, we have gained a better understanding of the rules of engagement for how they bind, adhere, and invade host cells. One such mechanism involves the exploitation of host cell surface glycans for attachment/adhesion, one of the first steps of infection. This knowledge has led to the development of glycan-based diagnostics and therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of infection. One class of compounds that has become increasingly important are the glycopolymers. Glycopolymers are macromolecules composed of a synthetic scaffold presenting carbohydrates as side chain motifs. Glycopolymers are particularly attractive because their properties can be tuned by careful choice of the scaffold, carbohydrate/glycan, and overall presentation. In this review, we highlight studies over the past ten years that have examined the role of glycopolymers in pathogen adhesion and host cell infection, biofilm formation and removal, and drug delivery with the aim of examining the direct effects of these macromolecules on pathogen engagement. In addition, we also examine the role of glycopolymers as diagnostics for the detection and monitoring of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla I M Gerling-Driessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Miriam Hoffmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, USA
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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5
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Mei R, Heng X, Liu X, Chen G. Glycopolymers for Antibacterial and Antiviral Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030985. [PMID: 36770653 PMCID: PMC9919862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases induced by bacterial and viral infections are common occurrences in our daily life, and the main prevention and treatment strategies are vaccination and taking antibacterial/antiviral drugs. However, vaccines can only be used for specific viral infections, and the abuse of antibacterial/antiviral drugs will create multi-drug-resistant bacteria and viruses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more targeted prevention and treatment methods against bacteria and viruses. Proteins on the surface of bacteria and viruses can specifically bind to sugar, so glycopolymers can be used as potential antibacterial and antiviral drugs. In this review, the research of glycopolymers for bacterial/viral detection/inhibition and antibacterial/antiviral applications in recent years are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyao Mei
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xingyu Heng
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Material Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren−Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Material Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren−Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Material Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren−Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (G.C.)
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6
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Micallef J, Baker AN, Richards SJ, Soutar DE, Georgiou PG, Walker M, Gibson MI. Polymer-tethered glyconanoparticle colourimetric biosensors for lectin binding: structural and experimental parameters to ensure a robust output. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33080-33090. [PMID: 36425181 PMCID: PMC9672907 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions play essential roles in biology; as the site of attachment for pathogens, cell-cell communication, and as crucial players in the immune system. Identifying if a new glycan (natural or unnatural) binds a protein partner, or if a new protein (or mutant) binds a glycan remains a non-trivial problem, with few accessible or low-cost tools available. Micro-arrays allow for the interrogation of 100's of glycans but are not widely available in individual laboratories. Biophysical techniques such as isothermal titration calorimetry, surface plasmon resonance spectrometry, biolayer interferometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy all provide detailed understanding of glycan binding but are relatively expensive. Glycosylated plasmonic nanoparticles based on gold cores with polymeric tethers have emerged as biosensors to detect glycan-protein binding, based on colourimetric (red to blue) outputs which can be easily interpreted by a simple UV-visible spectrometer or by eye. Despite the large number of reports there are no standard protocols for each system or recommended start points, to allow a new user to deploy this technology. Here we explore the key parameters of nanoparticle size, polymeric tether length and gold concentration to provide some guidelines for how polymer-tethered glycosylated gold nanoparticles can be used to probe a new glycan/protein interactions, with minimal optimisation barriers. This work aimed to remove the need to explore chemical and nanoparticle space and hence remove a barrier for other users when deploying this system. We show that the concentration of the gold core is crucial to balance strong responses versus false positives and recommend a gold core size and polymer tether length which balances sufficient colloidal stability and output. Whilst subtle differences between glycans/lectins will impact the outcomes, these parameters should enable a lab user to quickly evaluate binding using minimal quantities of the glycan and lectin, to select candidates for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick CV4 7AL UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
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7
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Wang R, Schirmer L, Wieduwilt T, Förster R, Schmidt MA, Freudenberg U, Werner C, Fery A, Rossner C. Colorimetric Biosensors Based on Polymer/Gold Hybrid Nanoparticles: Topological Effects of the Polymer Coating. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12325-12332. [PMID: 36154138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles decorated with analyte recognition units can form the basis of colorimetric (bio)sensors. The presentation of those recognition units may play a critical role in determining sensor sensitivity. Herein, we use a model system to investigate the effect of the architecture of a polymeric linker that connects gold nanoparticles with the recognition units. Our results show that the number of the latter that can be adsorbed during the assembly of the colorimetric sensors depends on the linker topology. We also show that this may lead to substantial differences in colorimetric sensor performance, particularly in situations in which the interactions with the analyte are comparably weak. Finally, we discuss design principles for efficient colorimetric sensor materials based on our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruosong Wang
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lucas Schirmer
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Torsten Wieduwilt
- Leibniz-Institut für Photonische Technologien, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ronny Förster
- Leibniz-Institut für Photonische Technologien, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus A Schmidt
- Leibniz-Institut für Photonische Technologien, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics, FSU Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Otto Schott Institute of Material Research, FSU Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden (MBC), Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Rossner
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Intelligent Materials (DCIM), Technische Universität Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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8
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Thalji MR, Ibrahim AA, Chong KF, Soldatov AV, Ali GAM. Glycopolymer-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Biosensing Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:45. [PMID: 35951265 PMCID: PMC9366760 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycopolymer materials have emerged as a significant biopolymer class that has piqued the scientific community's attention due to their potential applications. Recently, they have been found to be a unique synthetic biomaterial; glycopolymer materials have also been used for various applications, including direct therapeutic methods, medical adhesives, drug/gene delivery systems, and biosensor applications. Therefore, for the next stage of biomaterial research, it is essential to understand current breakthroughs in glycopolymer-based materials research. This review discusses the most widely utilized synthetic methodologies for glycopolymer-based materials, their properties based on structure-function interactions, and the significance of these materials in biosensing applications, among other topics. When creating glycopolymer materials, contemporary polymerization methods allow precise control over molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, chemical activity, and polymer architecture. This review concludes with a discussion of the challenges and complexities of glycopolymer-based biosensors, in addition to their potential applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Thalji
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541 Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Amal Amin Ibrahim
- Polymers and pigments department, Chemical industries research institute, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Kwok Feng Chong
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Alexander V. Soldatov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova Str. 178/24, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Gomaa A. M. Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524 Egypt
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9
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Baker AN, Hawker-Bond GW, Georgiou PG, Dedola S, Field RA, Gibson MI. Glycosylated gold nanoparticles in point of care diagnostics: from aggregation to lateral flow. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7238-7259. [PMID: 35894819 PMCID: PMC9377422 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00267a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays, such as the home pregnancy test, rely on proteins as detection units (e.g. antibodies) to sense for analytes. Glycans play a fundamental role in biological signalling and recognition events such as pathogen adhesion and hence they are promising future alternatives to antibody-based biosensing and diagnostics. Here we introduce the potential of glycans coupled to gold nanoparticles as recognition agents for lateral flow diagnostics. We first introduce the concept of lateral flow, including a case study of lateral flow use in the field compared to other diagnostic tools. We then introduce glycosylated materials, the affinity gains achieved by the cluster glycoside effect and the current use of these in aggregation based assays. Finally, the potential role of glycans in lateral flow are explained, and examples of their successful use given. Antibody-based lateral flow (immune) assays are well established, but here the emerging concept and potential of using glycans as the detection agents is reviewed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - George W Hawker-Bond
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | | | - Robert A Field
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich, NR4 7GJ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK. .,Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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10
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Krabicová I, Dolenský B, Řezanka M. Selectivity of 1- O-Propargyl-d-Mannose Preparations. Molecules 2022; 27:1483. [PMID: 35268584 PMCID: PMC8911549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to their ability to bind to specific biological receptors, mannosylated structures are examined in biomedical applications. One of the most common ways of linking a functional moiety to a structure is to use an azide-alkyne click reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare and isolate a propargylated mannose derivative of high purity to maintain its bioactivity. Three known preparations of propargyl-α-mannopyranoside were revisited, and products were analysed by NMR spectroscopy. The preparations were shown to yield by-products that have not been described in the literature yet. Our experiments showed that one-step procedures could not provide pure propargyl-α-mannopyranoside, while a three-step procedure yielded the desired compound of high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Krabicová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Bohumil Dolenský
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Řezanka
- Department of Nanochemistry, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic
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11
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Bacterial identification and adhesive strength evaluation based on a mannose biosensor with dual-mode detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114044. [PMID: 35123316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A biosensor integrated with mannose nano-surface was developed for the identification and adhesive strength evaluation of bacteria. Different bacteria were studied on the designed surface by both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). S. typhimurium and E. coli JM109 (type 1 pili) were found to be captured by the mannose nano-surface. SERS spectra were used to identify the species of captured bacteria by combing with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Meanwhile, binding affinities of the two captured bacteria to mannose nano-surface were obtained by EIS measurements and Frumkin isotherm model analysis, which were 6.859 × 1023 M-1 and 2.054 × 1017 M-1 respectively. A higher binding affinity indicates a stronger adhesive strength. Hence the results show the S. typhimurium has a stronger adhesive strength to mannose. Normalized impedance change (NIC) was proved to have a positive relevant relationship with binding affinities, which could be used as an indicator for the adhesive strength of bacteria. It was demonstrated that 100% accuracy of bacteria species discrimination and good consistency of NIC and adhesive strength for blind samples. The developed biosensor can provide both qualitative and quantitative information of selective recognition between bacteria and mannose.
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12
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Priyadarshi N, Ambule MD, Kaushal S, Kumar A, Sagar P, Srivastava AK, Singhal NK. Nanoglycocluster based diagnostic platform for colorimetric detection of bacteria; A comparative study analysing the effect of AuNPs size, linker length, and glycan diversity. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 201:113969. [PMID: 35033930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanoglycoclusters, an upcoming class of functional nanomaterial are known to drive various processes like detection, imaging, targeting proteins, cells, and bacteria. Nanoglycoclusters are a type of nanomaterial functionalized with various glycans. The array of glycan in multiple copies enhances binding affinity with proteins. Selective and sensitive bacteria/lectin interactions using nanomaterials are an emerging area of research. The measurement of different ligand receptor interactions require sophisticated analytical tools that limit the application in biosensor domain. Recently, colorimetric biosensors gained importance in the field of the biosensor for the detection of bacteria/lectins. Herein we have demonstrated that different size of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) along with various polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers, functionalized with synthesized monopod and tripod of mannose and galactose that have different bacteria/lectins specificity. The newly synthesized nanoglycoclusters were able to discriminate between different lectins and bacteria. The aggregation of specific nanoglycocluster upon interaction with specific bacteria/lectins revealed that mannose monopod (MM) and mannose tripod (MT) are specific to Escherichia coli and concanavalin A (ConA) lectin, while galactose monopod (GM) and galactose tripod (GT) are specific to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectin. Further, the binding events depict the affinity of tripod glycans is more with respect to its corresponding monopod glycans. Our findings explored the potential of colorimetric sensing depending upon the size of AuNPs, linker length, specificity, along with glycans density to develop user friendly diagnostic system for the detection of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Priyadarshi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Mayur D Ambule
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shimayali Kaushal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Asheesh Kumar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Poonam Sagar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Srivastava
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Nitin Kumar Singhal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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13
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Russo L. Glycans and diagnostics in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1839-1842. [PMID: 34348476 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Russo
- Department of Biotechnology & Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy.,BioNanoMedicine Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Follereau 3, 20854, Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy.,CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY, Galway, Ireland
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14
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Hernando PJ, Dedola S, Marín MJ, Field RA. Recent Developments in the Use of Glyconanoparticles and Related Quantum Dots for the Detection of Lectins, Viruses, Bacteria and Cancer Cells. Front Chem 2021; 9:668509. [PMID: 34350156 PMCID: PMC8326456 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.668509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-coated nanoparticles-glyconanoparticles-are finding increased interest as tools in biomedicine. This compilation, mainly covering the past five years, comprises the use of gold, silver and ferrite (magnetic) nanoparticles, silicon-based and cadmium-based quantum dots. Applications in the detection of lectins/protein toxins, viruses and bacteria are covered, as well as advances in detection of cancer cells. The role of the carbohydrate moieties in stabilising nanoparticles and providing selectivity in bioassays is discussed, the issue of cytotoxicity encountered in some systems, especially semiconductor quantum dots, is also considered. Efforts to overcome the latter problem by using other types of nanoparticles, based on gold or silicon, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Hernando
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd., Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Dedola
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd., Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - María J. Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Field
- Iceni Diagnostics Ltd., Norwich Research Park Innovation Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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15
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Pancaro A, Szymonik M, Georgiou PG, Baker AN, Walker M, Adriaensens P, Hendrix J, Gibson MI, Nelissen I. The polymeric glyco-linker controls the signal outputs for plasmonic gold nanorod biosensors due to biocorona formation. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10837-10848. [PMID: 34114594 PMCID: PMC8223873 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01548f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (GNRs) are a promising platform for nanoplasmonic biosensing. The localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of GNRs is located in the near-infrared optical window and is sensitive to local binding events, enabling label-free detection of biomarkers in complex biological fluids. A key challenge in the development of such sensors is achieving target affinity and selectivity, while both minimizing non-specific binding and maintaining colloidal stability. Herein, we reveal how GNRs decorated with galactosamine-terminated polymer ligands display significantly different binding responses in buffer compared to serum, due to biocorona formation, and how biocorona displacement due to lectin binding plays a key role in their optical responses. GNRs were coated with either poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (PHPMA) or poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEA) prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerisation and end-functionalised with galactosamine (Gal) as the lectin-targeting unit. In buffer Gal-PHEA-coated GNRs aggregated upon soybean agglutinin (SBA) addition, whereas Gal-PHPMA-coated GNRs exhibited a red-shift of the LSPR spectrum without aggregation. In contrast, when incubated in serum Gal-PHPMA-coated nanorods showed no binding response, while Gal-PHEA GNRs exhibited a dose-dependent blue-shift of the LSPR peak, which is the opposite direction (red-shift) to what was observed in buffer. This differential behaviour was attributed to biocorona formation onto both polymer-coated GNRs, shown by differential centrifugal sedimentation and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Upon addition of SBA to the Gal-PHEA coated nanorods, signal was generated due to displacement of weakly-bound biocorona components by lectin binding. However, in the case of Gal-PHPMA which had a thicker corona, attributed to lower polymer grafting densities, addition of SBA did not lead to biocorona displacement and there was no signal output. These results show that plasmonic optical responses in complex biological media can be significantly affected by biocorona formation, and that biocorona formation itself does not prevent sensing so long as its exact nature (e.g. 'hard versus soft') is tuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pancaro
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, BE-2400, Belgium. and Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek, BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Michal Szymonik
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, BE-2400, Belgium.
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan D, Diepenbeek, BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Dynamic Bioimaging Lab, Advanced Optical Microscopy Centre and Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan C, Diepenbeek, BE-3590, Belgium
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Inge Nelissen
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol, BE-2400, Belgium.
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16
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Thodikayil AT, Sharma S, Saha S. Engineering Carbohydrate-Based Particles for Biomedical Applications: Strategies to Construct and Modify. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2907-2940. [PMID: 35014384 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based micro/nanoparticles have gained significant attention for various biomedical applications such as targeted/triggered/controlled drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, etc., because of their prominent characteristics like biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and nontoxicity as well as nonimmunogenicity. Most importantly, the ability of the nanoparticles to recognize specific cell sites by targeting cell surface receptors makes them a promising candidate for designing a targeted drug delivery system. These particles may either comprise polysaccharides/glycopolymers or be integrated with various polymeric/inorganic nanoparticles such as gold, silver, silica, iron, etc., to reduce the toxicity of the inorganic nanoparticles and thus facilitate their cellular insertion. Various synthetic methods have been developed to fabricate carbohydrate-based or carbohydrate-conjugated inorganic/polymeric nanoparticles. In this review, we have highlighted the recently developed synthetic approaches to afford carbohydrate-based particles along with their significance in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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17
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Systematic Studies of Gold Nanoparticles Functionalised with Thioglucose and its Cytotoxic Effect. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Richards SJ, Baker AN, Walker M, Gibson MI. Polymer-Stabilized Sialylated Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Optimization, and Differential Binding to Influenza Hemagglutinins. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1604-1612. [PMID: 32191036 PMCID: PMC7173702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During influenza infection, hemagglutinins (HAs) on the viral surface bind to sialic acids on the host cell's surface. While all HAs bind sialic acids, human influenza targets terminal α2,6 sialic acids and avian influenza targets α2,3 sialic acids. For interspecies transmission (zoonosis), HA must mutate to adapt to these differences. Here, multivalent gold nanoparticles bearing either α2,6- or α2,3-sialyllactosamine have been developed to interrogate a panel of HAs from pathogenic human, low pathogenic avian, and other species' influenza. This method exploits the benefits of multivalent glycan presentation compared to monovalent presentation to increase affinity and investigate how multivalency affects selectivity. Using a library-orientated approach, parameters including polymer coating and core diameter were optimized for maximal binding and specificity were probed using galactosylated particles and a panel of biophysical techniques [ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and biolayer interferometry]. The optimized particles were then functionalized with sialyllactosamine and their binding analyzed against a panel of HAs derived from pathogenic influenza strains including low pathogenic avian strains. This showed significant specificity crossover, which is not observed in monovalent formats, with binding of avian HAs to human sialic acids and vice versa in agreement with alternate assay formats. These results demonstrate that precise multivalent presentation is essential to dissect the interactions of HAs and may aid the discovery of tools for disease and zoonosis transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Walker
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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19
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Georgiou PG, Baker AN, Richards SJ, Laezza A, Walker M, Gibson MI. "Tuning aggregative versus non-aggregative lectin binding with glycosylated nanoparticles by the nature of the polymer ligand". J Mater Chem B 2019; 8:136-145. [PMID: 31778137 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycan-lectin interactions drive a diverse range of biological signaling and recognition processes. The display of glycans in multivalent format enables their intrinsically weak binding affinity to lectins to be overcome by the cluster glycoside effect, which results in a non-linear increase in binding affinity. As many lectins have multiple binding sites, upon interaction with glycosylated nanomaterials either aggregation or surface binding without aggregation can occur. Depending on the application area, either one of these responses are desirable (or undesirable) but methods to tune the aggregation state, independently from the overall extent/affinity of binding are currently missing. Herein, we use gold nanoparticles decorated with galactose-terminated polymer ligands, obtained by photo-initiated RAFT polymerization to ensure high end-group fidelity, to show the dramatic impact on agglutination behaviour due to the chemistry of the polymer linker. Poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEA)-coated gold nanoparticles, a polymer widely used as a non-ionic stabilizer, showed preference for aggregation with lectins compared to poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (PHPMA)-coated nanoparticles which retained colloidal stability, across a wide range of polymer lengths and particle core sizes. Using biolayer interferometry, it was observed that both coatings gave rise to similar binding affinity and hence provided conclusive evidence that aggregation rate alone cannot be used to measure affinity between nanoparticle systems with different stabilizing linkers. This is significant, as turbidimetry is widely used to demonstrate glycomaterial activity, although this work shows the most aggregating may not be the most avid, when comparing different polymer backbones/coating. Overall, our findings underline the potential of PHPMA as the coating of choice for applications where aggregation upon lectin binding would be problematic, such as in vivo imaging or drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Antonio Laezza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK. and Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
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20
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Filatova LY, Klyachko NL, Kudryashova EV. Targeted delivery of anti-tuberculosis drugs to macrophages: targeting mannose receptors. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Richards SJ, Isufi K, Wilkins LE, Lipecki J, Fullam E, Gibson MI. Multivalent Antimicrobial Polymer Nanoparticles Target Mycobacteria and Gram-Negative Bacteria by Distinct Mechanisms. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:256-264. [PMID: 29195272 PMCID: PMC5761047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance to traditional small-molecule drugs, cationic antimicrobial polymers are appealing targets. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a particular problem, with multi- and total drug resistance spreading and more than a billion latent infections globally. This study reports nanoparticles bearing variable densities of poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and the unexpected and distinct mechanisms of action this multivalent presentation imparts against Escherichia coli versus Mycobacterium smegmatis (model of M. tuberculosis), leading to killing or growth inhibition, respectively. A convergent "grafting to" synthetic strategy was used to assemble a 50-member nanoparticle library, and using a high-throughput screen identified that only the smallest (2 nm) particles were stable in both saline and complex cell media. Compared with the linear polymers, the nanoparticles displayed two- and eight-fold enhancements in antimicrobial activity against M. smegmatis and E. coli, respectively. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the antimicrobial particles were bactericidal against E. coli due to rapid disruption of the cell membranes. Conversely, against M. smegmatis the particles did not lyse the cell membrane but rather had a bacteriostatic effect. These results demonstrate that to develop new polymeric antituberculars the widely assumed, broad spectrum, membrane-disrupting mechanism of polycations must be re-evaluated. It is clear that synthetic nanomaterials can engage in more complex interactions with mycobacteria, which we hypothesize is due to the unique cell envelope at the surface of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Klea Isufi
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E. Wilkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Lipecki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Fullam
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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22
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Poonthiyil V, Lindhorst TK, Golovko VB, Fairbanks AJ. Recent applications of click chemistry for the functionalization of gold nanoparticles and their conversion to glyco-gold nanoparticles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:11-24. [PMID: 29379576 PMCID: PMC5769080 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoscience, despite its myriad of challenges, promises to unravel the causes of, potential new detection methods for, and novel therapeutic strategies against, many disease states. In the last two decades, glyco-gold nanoparticles have emerged as one of several potential new tools for glycoscientists. Glyco-gold nanoparticles consist of the unique structural combination of a gold nanoparticle core and an outer-shell comprising multivalent presentation of carbohydrates. The combination of the distinctive physicochemical properties of the gold core and the biological function/activity of the carbohydrates makes glyco-gold nanoparticles a valuable tool in glycoscience. In this review we present recent advances made in the use of one type of click chemistry, namely the azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition, for the functionalization of gold nanoparticles and their conversion to glyco-gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Poonthiyil
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3/4, Kiel, 24098, Germany
| | - Thisbe K Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3/4, Kiel, 24098, Germany
| | - Vladimir B Golovko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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23
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Hong WE, Hsu IL, Huang SY, Lee CW, Ko H, Tsai PJ, Shieh DB, Huang CC. Assembled growth of 3D Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles for efficient photothermal ablation and SERS detection of microorganisms. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5689-5697. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00599k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A leukocyte-like Fe3O4@Au-polydopamine nanohybrid performed a magnetism-based enhanced SERS signal and efficient NIR-irradiated photothermal antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-En Hong
- Department of Photonics
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Hsu
- Department of Photonics
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yung Huang
- Department of Photonics
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Lee
- Department of Photonics
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Han Ko
- Department of Photonics
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology
- College of Medicine
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Dar-Bin Shieh
- Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology
- College of Medicine
- National Cheng Kung University and Hospital
- Tainan
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Huang
- Department of Photonics
- National Cheng Kung University
- Tainan
- Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology
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24
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Boden S, Wagner KG, Karg M, Hartmann L. Presenting Precision Glycomacromolecules on Gold Nanoparticles for Increased Lectin Binding. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E716. [PMID: 30966014 PMCID: PMC6418785 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyco-functionalized gold nanoparticles have great potential as biosensors and as inhibitors due to their increased binding to carbohydrate-recognizing receptors such as the lectins. Here we apply previously developed solid phase polymer synthesis to obtain a series of precision glycomacromolecules that allows for straightforward variation of their chemical structure as well as functionalization of gold nanoparticles by ligand exchange. A novel building block is introduced allowing for the change of spacer building blocks within the macromolecular scaffold going from an ethylene glycol unit to an aliphatic spacer. Furthermore, the valency and overall length of the glycomacromolecule is varied. All glyco-functionalized gold nanoparticles show high degree of functionalization along with high stability in buffer solution. Therefore, a series of measurements applying UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were performed studying the aggregation behavior of the glyco-functionalized gold nanoparticles in presence of model lectin Concanavalin A. While the multivalent presentation of glycomacromolecules on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) showed a strong increase in binding compared to the free ligands, we also observed an influence of the chemical structure of the ligand such as its valency or hydrophobicity on the resulting lectin interactions. The straightforward variation of the chemical structure of the precision glycomacromolecule thus gives access to tailor-made glyco-gold nanoparticles (glyco-AuNPs) and fine-tuning of their lectin binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Boden
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Kristina G Wagner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Matthias Karg
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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25
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Mustafa F, Hassan RYA, Andreescu S. Multifunctional Nanotechnology-Enabled Sensors for Rapid Capture and Detection of Pathogens. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E2121. [PMID: 28914769 PMCID: PMC5621351 DOI: 10.3390/s17092121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based sensing approaches that incorporate different types of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures in conjunction with natural or synthetic receptors as molecular recognition elements provide opportunities for the design of sensitive and selective assays for rapid detection of contaminants. This review summarizes recent advancements over the past ten years in the development of nanotechnology-enabled sensors and systems for capture and detection of pathogens. The most common types of nanostructures and NPs, their modification with receptor molecules and integration to produce viable sensing systems with biorecognition, amplification and signal readout are discussed. Examples of all-in-one systems that combine multifunctional properties for capture, separation, inactivation and detection are also provided. Current trends in the development of low-cost instrumentation for rapid assessment of food contamination are discussed as well as challenges for practical implementation and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA.
| | - Rabeay Y A Hassan
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), El Bohouth st., Dokki, 12622-Giza, Egypt.
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Colorimetric detection of target analytes with high specificity and sensitivity is of fundamental importance to clinical and personalized point-of-care diagnostics. Because of their extraordinary optical properties, plasmonic nanomaterials have been introduced into colorimetric sensing systems, which provide significantly improved sensitivity in various biosensing applications. Here we review the recent progress on these plasmonic nanoparticles-based colorimetric nanosensors for ultrasensitive molecular diagnostics. According to their different colorimetric signal generation mechanisms, these plasmonic nanosensors are classified into two categories: (1) interparticle distance-dependent colorimetric assay based on target-induced forming cross-linking assembly/aggregate of plasmonic nanoparticles; and (2) size/morphology-dependent colorimetric assay by target-controlled growth/etching of the plasmonic nanoparticles. The sensing fundamentals and cutting-edge applications will be provided for each of them, particularly focusing on signal generation and/or amplification mechanisms that realize ultrasensitive molecular detection. Finally, we also discuss the challenge and give our future perspective in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical
Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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27
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Compostella F, Pitirollo O, Silvestri A, Polito L. Glyco-gold nanoparticles: synthesis and applications. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1008-1021. [PMID: 28684980 PMCID: PMC5480336 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyco-gold nanoparticles combine in a single entity the peculiar properties of gold nanoparticles with the biological activity of carbohydrates. The result is an exciting nanosystem, able to mimic the natural multivalent presentation of saccharide moieties and to exploit the peculiar optical properties of the metallic core. In this review, we present recent advances on glyco-gold nanoparticle applications in different biological fields, highlighting the key parameters which inspire the glyco nanoparticle design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Compostella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Saldini 50, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Olimpia Pitirollo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Silvestri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
- CNR – ISTM, Nanotechnology Lab., Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Polito
- CNR – ISTM, Nanotechnology Lab., Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
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Villadsen K, Martos-Maldonado MC, Jensen KJ, Thygesen MB. Chemoselective Reactions for the Synthesis of Glycoconjugates from Unprotected Carbohydrates. Chembiochem 2017; 18:574-612. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Villadsen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Science; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Manuel C. Martos-Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Science; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Knud J. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Science; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Mikkel B. Thygesen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Science; Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark
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29
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Biggs CI, Walker M, Gibson MI. "Grafting to" of RAFTed Responsive Polymers to Glass Substrates by Thiol-Ene and Critical Comparison to Thiol-Gold Coupling. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2626-33. [PMID: 27409356 PMCID: PMC4979048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-grafted polymers have been widely applied to modulate biological interfaces and introduce additional functionality. Polymers derived from reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization have a masked thiol at the ω-chain end providing an anchor point for conjugation and in particular displays high affinity for gold surfaces (both flat and particulate). In this work, we report the direct grafting of RAFTed polymers by a "thiol-ene click" (Michael addition) onto glass substrates rather than gold, which provides a more versatile surface for subsequent array-based applications but retains the simplicity. The immobilization of two thermoresponsive polymers are studied here, poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (pOEGMA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM). Using a range of surface analysis techniques the grafting efficiency was compared to thiol-gold and was quantitatively compared to the gold alternative using quartz crystal microbalance. It is shown that this method gives easy access to grafted polymer surfaces with pNIPAM resulting in significantly increased surface coverage compared to pOEGMA. The nonfouling (protein resistance) character of these surfaces is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline I. Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, Warwick Medical School, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Warwick Medical School, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Warwick Medical School, and Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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30
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Otten L, Vlachou D, Richards SJ, Gibson MI. Glycan heterogeneity on gold nanoparticles increases lectin discrimination capacity in label-free multiplexed bioassays. Analyst 2016; 141:4305-12. [PMID: 27181289 PMCID: PMC4934645 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of new analytical tools as point-of-care biosensors is crucial to combat the spread of infectious diseases, especially in the context of drug-resistant organisms, or to detect biological warfare agents. Glycan/lectin interactions drive a wide range of recognition and signal transduction processes within nature and are often the first site of adhesion/recognition during infection making them appealing targets for biosensors. Glycosylated gold nanoparticles have been developed that change colour from red to blue upon interaction with carbohydrate-binding proteins and may find use as biosensors, but are limited by the inherent promiscuity of some of these interactions. Here we mimic the natural heterogeneity of cell-surface glycans by displaying mixed monolayers of glycans on the surface of gold nanoparticles. These are then used in a multiplexed, label-free bioassay to create 'barcodes' which describe the lectin based on its binding profile. The increased information content encoded by using complex mixtures of a few sugars, rather than increased numbers of different sugars makes this approach both scalable and accessible. These nanoparticles show increased lectin identification power at a range of lectin concentrations, relative to single-channel sensors. It was also found that some information about the concentration of the lectins can be extracted, all from just a simple colour change, taking this technology closer to being a realistic biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne Otten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Denise Vlachou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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31
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Richards SJ, Otten L, Gibson MI. Glycosylated gold nanoparticle libraries for label-free multiplexed lectin biosensing. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3046-3053. [PMID: 27162639 PMCID: PMC4859411 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01994j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycan/lectin interactions drive a wide range of recognition and signal transduction processes within nature. However, their measurement is complicated or limited by the analytical tools available. Most technologies require fluorescently labelled proteins (e.g. microarrays) or expensive infrastructure (such as surface plasmon resonance). This also limits their application in biosensing, especially for low-resource settings, where detection of pathogens based on glycan binding could speed up diagnosis. Here we employ a library-oriented approach to immobilise a range of monosaccharides onto polymer-stabilised gold nanoparticles to enable rapid and high-throughput evaluation of their binding specificities with a panel of lectins. The red to blue colour shift upon gold nanoparticle aggregation is used as the output, removing the need for labelled protein, enabling compatibility with 96-well microplates. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of a flatbed scanner (or digital camera) to extract biophysical data, ensuring that only minimal resources are required. Finally, linear discriminant analysis is employed to demonstrate how the glyconanoparticles can be applied as a multiplexed biosensor capable of identifying pathogenic lectins without the need for any infrastructure and overcoming some of the issues of lectin promiscuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)2476 524112
| | - Lucienne Otten
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)2476 524112
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK . ; Fax: +44 (0)2476 524112
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32
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Otten L, Fullam E, Gibson MI. Discrimination between bacterial species by ratiometric analysis of their carbohydrate binding profile. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:341-4. [PMID: 26647648 PMCID: PMC4743676 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00720h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health concern meaning there is an urgent need for new treatments and diagnostics. Here glycosylated surfaces are used to profile the binding patterns of a range of Gram-negative, Gram-positive and mycobacteria. This enables the creation of 'barcodes' to enable identification and discrimination between the strains, which could not be achieved by single-point glycan binding and offers a new concept in bacteria detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne Otten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Fullam
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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33
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Poonthiyil V, Golovko VB, Fairbanks AJ. Size-optimized galactose-capped gold nanoparticles for the colorimetric detection of heat-labile enterotoxin at nanomolar concentrations. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:5215-23. [PMID: 25853438 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of a galactose-capped gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensor for the detection of the lectin heat-labile enterotoxin is reported. Heat-labile enterotoxin is one of the pathogenic agents responsible for the intestinal disease called 'traveller's diarrhoea'. By means of specific interaction between galactose moieties attached to the surface of gold nanoparticles and receptors on the B-subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB), the gold nanoparticles reported here act as an efficient colorimetric sensor, which can detect the toxin at nanomolar concentrations. The effect of gold nanoparticle size on the detection sensitivity was investigated in detail. Amongst the various sizes of gold nanoparticles studied (2, 7, 12, and 20 nm), the 12 nm sized gold nanoparticles were found to be the most efficient, with a minimum heat-labile enterotoxin detection concentration of 100 nM. The red to purple colour change of the gold nanoparticle solution occurred within two minutes, indicating rapid toxin sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Poonthiyil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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34
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Varela-Aramburu S, Wirth R, Lai CH, Orts-Gil G, Seeberger PH. Straightforward and robust synthesis of monodisperse surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:1278-1283. [PMID: 27826501 PMCID: PMC5082343 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters are small (1-3 nm) nanoparticles with a high surface area that are useful for biomedical studies and drug delivery. The synthesis of small, surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters is greatly dependent on the reaction conditions. Here, we describe a straightforward, efficient and robust room temperature one-pot synthesis of 2 nm gold nanoclusters using thioglucose as a reducing and stabilizing agent, which was discovered by serendipity. The resultant monodisperse gold nanoclusters are more stable than those generated using some other common methods. The carboxylic acid contained in the stabilizing agent on the cluster surface serves as anchor for nanocluster functionalization. Alternatively, the addition of thiols serves to functionalize the nanoclusters. The resulting non-cytotoxic nanoclusters are taken up by cells and constitute a tuneable platform for biomedical applications including drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Varela-Aramburu
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Wirth
- Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Sec. 4.3, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chian-Hui Lai
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Guillermo Orts-Gil
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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35
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Abstract
Glycosylated noble metal nanoparticles are a useful tool for probing biological binding events due to their aggregation-induced color changes, particularly for lectins that have multiple binding sites. To overcome the challenges of colloidal instability, which leads to false-positive results, it is essential to add polymeric coatings to these particles. Here we describe a versatile, and reliable, approach to enable coating of gold nanoparticles using well-defined polymers, with carbohydrate end groups. This produces multivalent nanoparticles that are both colloidally stable, but still retain their rapid colorimetric responses to lectin binding.
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36
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Poonthiyil V, Nagesh PT, Husain M, Golovko VB, Fairbanks AJ. Gold Nanoparticles Decorated with Sialic Acid Terminated Bi-antennary N-Glycans for the Detection of Influenza Virus at Nanomolar Concentrations. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:708-16. [PMID: 27308196 PMCID: PMC4906500 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles decorated with full-length sialic acid terminated complex bi-antennary N-glycans, synthesized with glycans isolated from egg yolk, were used as a sensor for the detection of both recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) and whole influenza A virus particles of the H1N1 subtype. Nanoparticle aggregation was induced by interaction between the sialic acid termini of the glycans attached to gold and the multivalent sialic acid binding sites of HA. Both dynamic light scattering (DLS) and UV/Vis spectroscopy demonstrated the efficiency of the sensor, which could detect viral HA at nanomolar concentrations and revealed a linear relationship between the extent of nanoparticle aggregation and the concentration of HA. UV/Vis studies also showed that these nanoparticles can selectively detect an influenza A virus strain that preferentially binds sialic acid terminated glycans with α(2→6) linkages over a strain that prefers glycans with terminal α(2→3)-linked sialic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Poonthiyil
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch8140New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyWellington6140New Zealand
| | - Prashanth T. Nagesh
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OtagoPO Box 56Dunedin9054New Zealand
| | - Matloob Husain
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OtagoPO Box 56Dunedin9054New Zealand
| | - Vladimir B. Golovko
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch8140New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyWellington6140New Zealand
| | - Antony J. Fairbanks
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch8140New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction CentreUniversity of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch8140New Zealand
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37
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Abstract
Bacterial infections constitute an increasing problem to human health in response to build-up of resistance to present antibiotics and sluggish development of new pharmaceuticals. However, a means to address this problem is to pinpoint the drug delivery to-and into-the bacteria. This results in a high local concentration of the drug, circumventing the increasingly high doses otherwise necessary. Combined with other effectors, such as covalent attachment to carriers, rendering the drugs less degradable, and the combination with efflux inhibitors, old drugs can be revived. In this context, glyconanomaterials offer exceptional potential, since these materials can be tailored to accommodate different effectors. In this Concept article, we describe the different advantages of glyconanomaterials, and point to their potential in antibiotic "revitalization".
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden).
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden).
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA (USA).
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38
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Mitchell DE, Congdon T, Rodger A, Gibson MI. Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation as a Probe of Antifreeze (Glyco) Protein-Inspired Ice Recrystallization Inhibition and Identification of New IRI Active Macromolecules. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15716. [PMID: 26499135 PMCID: PMC4620503 DOI: 10.1038/srep15716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifreeze (glyco)proteins are found in polar fish species and act to slow the rate of growth of ice crystals; a property known as ice recrystallization inhibition. The ability to slow ice growth is of huge technological importance especially in the cryopreservation of donor cells and tissue, but native antifreeze proteins are often not suitable, nor easily available. Therefore, the search for new materials that mimic this function is important, but currently limited by the low-throughout assays associated with the antifreeze properties. Here 30 nm gold nanoparticles are demonstrated to be useful colorimetric probes for ice recrystallization inhibition, giving a visible optical response and is compatible with 96 well plates for high-throughout studies. This method is faster, requires less infrastructure, and has easier interpretation than the currently used 'splat' methods. Using this method, a series of serum proteins were identified to have weak, but specific ice recrystallization inhibition activity, which was removed upon denaturation. It is hoped that high-throughput tools such as this will accelerate the discovery of new antifreeze mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- MOAC DTC, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Thomas Congdon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alison Rodger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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39
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40
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Wilkins LE, Phillips DJ, Deller RC, Davies GL, Gibson MI. Synthesis and characterisation of glucose-functional glycopolymers and gold nanoparticles: study of their potential interactions with ovine red blood cells. Carbohydr Res 2015; 405:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Phillips DJ, Davies GL, Gibson MI. Siderophore-inspired nanoparticle-based biosensor for the selective detection of Fe3+. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:270-275. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01501k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Au nanoparticles modified with catechol-functionalised polymers provide a strong optical response which is highly specific to Fe3+ ions at physiologically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Warwick Medical School
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42
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Gade M, Paul A, Alex C, Choudhury D, Thulasiram HV, Kikkeri R. Supramolecular scaffolds on glass slides as sugar based rewritable sensors for bacteria. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6346-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01019e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe here the sugar functionalized β-cyclodextrin–ferrocene glass slides as fully reversible bacterial biosensors under the influence of external adamantane carboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Gade
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Ajay Paul
- Chemical Biology Unit
- Division of Organic chemistry
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune-411008
- India
| | - Catherine Alex
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Devika Choudhury
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering
- IIT Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
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43
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Richards SJ, Gibson MI. Optimization of the Polymer Coating for Glycosylated Gold Nanoparticle Biosensors to Ensure Stability and Rapid Optical Readouts. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1004-1008. [PMID: 35610783 DOI: 10.1021/mz5004882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of new analytical tools to probe pathogenic infection processes and as point-of-care biosensors is crucial to combat the spread of infectious diseases or to detect biological warfare agents. Glycosylated gold nanoparticles that change color due to lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) mediated aggregation may find use as biosensors but require a polymer coating between the particle surface and sugar to ensure stability in complex media. Here, RAFT polymerization is employed to generate glycosylated polymers to coat gold nanoparticles. Rather than being a passive component, it is shown here that the polymer coating has to be precisely tuned to achieve a balance between saline (steric) stability and speed of the readout. If the polymer is too long it can prevent or slow aggregation and hence lead to a poor readout in sensing assays. The optimized glyco-nanoparticles are also demonstrated to be useful for rapid detection of a ricin surrogate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew I. Gibson
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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44
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Giorgi ME, Agusti R, de Lederkremer RM. Carbohydrate PEGylation, an approach to improve pharmacological potency. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1433-44. [PMID: 24991298 PMCID: PMC4077506 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEG), known as PEGylation, has been widely used to improve the bioavailability of proteins and low molecular weight drugs. The covalent conjugation of PEG to the carbohydrate moiety of a protein has been mainly used to enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of the attached protein while yielding a more defined product. Thus, glycoPEGylation was successfully applied to the introduction of a PEGylated sialic acid to a preexisting or enzymatically linked glycan in a protein. Carbohydrates are now recognized as playing an important role in host–pathogen interactions in protozoal, bacterial and viral infections and are consequently candidates for chemotherapy. The short in vivo half-life of low molecular weight glycans hampered their use but methods for the covalent attachment of PEG have been less exploited. In this review, information on the preparation and application of PEG-carbohydrates, in particular multiarm PEGylation, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eugenia Giorgi
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosalía Agusti
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa M de Lederkremer
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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