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Ding N, Zhou F, Li G, Shen H, Bai L, Su J. Quantum dots for bone tissue engineering. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101167. [PMID: 39205871 PMCID: PMC11350444 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In confronting the global prevalence of bone-related disorders, bone tissue engineering (BTE) has developed into a critical discipline, seeking innovative materials to revolutionize treatment paradigms. Quantum dots (QDs), nanoscale semiconductor particles with tunable optical properties, are at the cutting edge of improving bone regeneration. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted roles that QDs play within the realm of BTE, emphasizing their potential to not only revolutionize imaging but also to osteogenesis, drug delivery, antimicrobial strategies and phototherapy. The customizable nature of QDs, attributed to their size-dependent optical and electronic properties, has been leveraged to develop precise imaging modalities, enabling the visualization of bone growth and scaffold integration at an unprecedented resolution. Their nanoscopic scale facilitates targeted drug delivery systems, ensuring the localized release of therapeutics. QDs also possess the potential to combat infections at bone defect sites, preventing and improving bacterial infections. Additionally, they can be used in phototherapy to stimulate important bone repair processes and work well with the immune system to improve the overall healing environment. In combination with current trendy artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the development of bone organoids can also be combined with QDs. While QDs demonstrate considerable promise in BTE, the transition from laboratory research to clinical application is fraught with challenges. Concerns regarding the biocompatibility, long-term stability of QDs within the biological environment, and the cost-effectiveness of their production pose significant hurdles to their clinical adoption. This review summarizes the potential of QDs in BTE and highlights the challenges that lie ahead. By overcoming these obstacles, more effective, efficient, and personalized bone regeneration strategies will emerge, offering new hope for patients suffering from debilitating bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Fengjin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Zhongye Hospital, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Long Bai
- Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiacan Su
- Organoid Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
- National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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2
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Kim SB, Kim CH, Lee SY, Park SJ. Carbon materials and their metal composites for biomedical applications: A short review. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:16313-16328. [PMID: 39110002 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02059f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Carbon materials and their hybrid metal composites have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications due to their exceptional biocompatibility. This biocompatibility arises from their inherent chemical stability and low toxicity within biological systems. This review offers a comprehensive overview of carbon nanomaterials and their metal composites, emphasizing their biocompatibility-focused applications, including drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, and tissue engineering. The paper outlines advancements in surface modifications, coatings, and functionalization techniques designed to enhance the biocompatibility of carbon materials, ensuring minimal adverse effects in biological systems. A comprehensive investigation into hybrid composites integrating carbon nanomaterials is conducted, categorizing them as fullerenes, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, and diamond-like carbon. The concluding section addresses regulatory considerations and challenges associated with integrating carbon materials into medical devices. This review culminates by providing insights into current achievements, challenges, and future directions, underscoring the pivotal role of carbon nanomaterials and their metal composites in advancing biocompatible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Bin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choong-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seul-Yi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Xu H, Dai M, Fu Z. The Art of Nanoparticle Design: Unconventional Morphologies for Advancing Luminescent Technologies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400218. [PMID: 38415814 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The advanced design of rare-earth-doped (RE-doped) fluoride nanoparticles has expanded their applications ranging from anticounterfeiting luminescence and contactless temperature measurement to photodynamic therapy. Several recent studies have focused on developing rare morphologies of RE-doped nanoparticles. Distinct physical morphologies of RE-doped fluoride materials set them apart from contemporary nanoparticles. Every unusual structure holds the potential to dramatically improve the physical performance of nanoparticles, resulting in a remarkable revolution and a wide range of applications. This comprehensive review serves as a guide offering insights into various uniquely structured nanoparticles, including hollow, dumbbell-shaped, and peasecod-like forms. It aims to cater to both novices and experts interested in exploring the morphological transformations of nanoparticles. Discovering new energy transfer pathways and enhancing the optical application performance have been long-term challenges for which new solutions can be found in old papers. In the future, nanoparticle morphology design is expected to involve more refined microphysical methods and chemically-induced syntheses. Targeted modification of nanoparticle morphology and the aggregation of nanoparticles of various shapes can provide the advantages of different structures and enhance the universality of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Xu
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Mengmeng Dai
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zuoling Fu
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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4
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Zhang Z, Wang D, Yan X, Yan Y, Lin L, Ren Y, Chen Y, Feng L. Efficient chiral hydrogel template based on supramolecular self-assembly driven by chiral carbon dots for circularly polarized luminescence. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 674:576-586. [PMID: 38945025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Since the chiral emission of excited states is observed on carbon dots (CDs), exploration towards the design and synthesis of chiral CDs nanomaterials with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties has been at a brisk pace. In this regard, the "host and guest" co-assembly strategy based on the combination of CDs and chiral templates has been of unique interest recently for its convenient operation, multicolor tunable CPL, and wide application of prepared CDs-composited materials in optoelectronic devices and information encryption. However, the existing chiral templates that match perfectly with chiral CDs exhibiting optical activity both in ground and excited states are rather scarce. In this work, we synthesize the chiral CDs that could induce the spontaneous supramolecular self-assembly of N-(9-fluorenylmethox-ycarbonyl) (Fmoc)-protected glutamic acid to form chiral hydrogels with helical nanostructure. The co-assembled hydrogels show powerful chiral template function, which not only enable chiral CDs with a luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) up to 10-2, but also have universal chiral transfer to inserted dye molecules, realizing full-color CPL and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) CPL as well as the distinction between left and right circularly polarized light. This CPL-active template based on chiral CDs enriches the design scenario of chiral functionalized nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Integrated Circuits and Advanced Display Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Integrated Circuits and Advanced Display Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xuetao Yan
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Integrated Circuits and Advanced Display Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yifang Yan
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Integrated Circuits and Advanced Display Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lixing Lin
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Integrated Circuits and Advanced Display Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuze Ren
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Integrated Circuits and Advanced Display Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Integrated Circuits and Advanced Display Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingyan Feng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Integrated Circuits and Advanced Display Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair, Ministry of Education, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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5
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Singh P, Bhankar V, Kumar S, Kumar K. Biomass-derived carbon dots as significant biological tools in the medicinal field: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103182. [PMID: 38759449 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Early disease detection is crucial since it raises the likelihood of treatment and considerably lowers the cost of therapy. Therefore, the improvement of human life and health depends on the development of quick, efficient, and credible biosensing methods. For improving the quality of biosensors, distinct nanostructures have been investigated; among these, carbon dots have gained much interest because of their great performance. Carbon dots, the essential component of fluorescence nanoparticles, having outstanding chemical characteristics, superb biocompatibility, chemical inertness, low toxicity and potential optical characteristics have attracted the researchers from every corner of the globe. Several carbon dots applications have been thoroughly investigated in recent decade, from optoelectronics to biomedical investigations. This review study primarily emphasizes the recent advancements in the field of biomass-derived carbon dots-based drug delivery, gene delivery and bioimaging, and highlights achievements in two major areas: in vivo applications that involve carbon dots absorption in zebrafish and mice, tumour therapeutics, and imaging-guided drug delivery. Additionally, the possible advantages, difficulties, and future possibilities of using carbon dots for biological applications are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Permender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Vinita Bhankar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, J. C. Bose University of Science & Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat 131039, Haryana, India.
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6
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Ahmed T. Lipid nanoparticle mediated small interfering RNA delivery as a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2915-2954. [PMID: 38622050 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that exhibits a gradual decline in cognitive function and is prevalent among a significant number of individuals globally. The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules in RNA interference (RNAi) presents a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been developed as a delivery vehicle for siRNA, which can selectively suppress target genes, by enhancing cellular uptake and safeguarding siRNA from degradation. Numerous research studies have exhibited the effectiveness of LNP-mediated siRNA delivery in reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) levels and enhancing cognitive function in animal models of AD. The feasibility of employing LNP-mediated siRNA delivery as a therapeutic approach for AD is emphasized by the encouraging outcomes reported in clinical studies for other medical conditions. The use of LNP-mediated siRNA delivery has emerged as a promising strategy to slow down or even reverse the progression of AD by targeting the synthesis of tau phosphorylation and other genes linked to the condition. Improvement of the delivery mechanism and determination of the most suitable siRNA targets are crucial for the efficacious management of AD. This review focuses on the delivery of siRNA through LNPs as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD, based on the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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7
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Patel HP, Desai PH, Patel RV, Lodha SN, Gore AH, Patil PO, Desai BV, Desai DT, Vyas BA, Willcox MDP, Maulvi FA. Clozapine-laden carbon dots delivered to the brain via an intranasal pathway: Synthesis, characterization, ex vivo, and in vivo studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 237:113862. [PMID: 38518556 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Clozapine, which is widely used to treat schizophrenia, shows low bioavailability due to poor solubility and high first-pass metabolism. The study aimed to design clozapine-loaded carbon dots (CDs) to enhance availability of the clozapine to the brain via intranasal pathway. The CDs were synthesized by pyrolysis of citric acid and urea at 200 °C by hydrothermal technique and characterized by photoluminescence, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). The optimized clozapine-loaded CDs (CLZ-CDs-1:3-200) showed a quasi-spherical shape (9-12 nm) with stable blue fluorescence. The CDs showed high drug solubilization capacity (1.5 mg drug in 1 mg/ml CDs) with strong electrostatic interaction with clozapine (drug loading efficiency = 94.74%). The ex vivo release study performed using nasal goat mucosa showed sustained release of clozapine (43.89%) from CLZ-CDs-1:3-200 for 30 h. The ciliotoxicity study (histopathology) confirmed no toxicity to the nasal mucosal tissues using CDs. In the rat model (in vivo pharmacokinetic study), when CDs were administrated by the intranasal route, a significantly higher concentration of clozapine in the brain tissue (Cmax = 58.07 ± 5.36 μg/g and AUCt (µg/h*g) = 105.76 ± 12.31) was noted within a short time (tmax = 1 h) compared to clozapine suspension administered by intravenous route (Cmax = 20.99 ± 3.91 μg/g, AUC t (µg/h*g) = 56.89 ± 12.31, and tmax = 4 h). The high value of drug targeting efficiency (DTE, 486%) index and direct transport percentage (DTP, 58%) indicates the direct entry of clozapine-CDs in the brain via the olfactory route. In conclusion, designed CDs demonstrated a promising dosage form for targeted nose-to-brain delivery of clozapine for the effective treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetal P Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India.
| | - Priya H Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | | | - Sandesh N Lodha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | - Anil H Gore
- Tarsadia Institute of Chemical Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Surat 394350, India
| | - Pravin O Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, India
| | - Bhargavi V Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | - Ditixa T Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | - Bhavin A Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Furqan A Maulvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat 394350, India; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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8
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Zhao Y, Xie J, Tian Y, Mourdikoudis S, Fiuza‐Maneiro N, Du Y, Polavarapu L, Zheng G. Colloidal Chiral Carbon Dots: An Emerging System for Chiroptical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305797. [PMID: 38268241 PMCID: PMC10987166 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Chiral CDots (c-CDots) not only inherit those merits from CDots but also exhibit chiral effects in optical, electric, and bio-properties. Therefore, c-CDots have received significant interest from a wide range of research communities including chemistry, physics, biology, and device engineers. They have already made decent progress in terms of synthesis, together with the exploration of their optical properties and applications. In this review, the chiroptical properties and chirality origin in extinction circular dichroism (ECD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of c-CDots is briefly discussed. Then, the synthetic strategies of c-CDots is summarized, including one-pot synthesis, post-functionalization of CDots with chiral ligands, and assembly of CDots into chiral architectures with soft chiral templates. Afterward, the chiral effects on the applications of c-CDots are elaborated. Research domains such as drug delivery, bio- or chemical sensing, regulation of enzyme-like catalysis, and others are covered. Finally, the perspective on the challenges associated with the synthetic strategies, understanding the origin of chirality, and potential applications is provided. This review not only discusses the latest developments of c-CDots but also helps toward a better understanding of the structure-property relationship along with their respective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Zhao
- School of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Juan Xie
- School of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Yongzhi Tian
- School of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- Separation and Conversion TechnologyFlemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)Boeretang 200Mol2400Belgium
| | - Nadesh Fiuza‐Maneiro
- CINBIOMaterials Chemistry and Physics GroupUniversity of VigoCampus Universitario MarcosendeVigo36310Spain
| | - Yanli Du
- School of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIOMaterials Chemistry and Physics GroupUniversity of VigoCampus Universitario MarcosendeVigo36310Spain
| | - Guangchao Zheng
- School of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
- Institute of Quantum Materials and PhysicsHenan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou450046P. R. China
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9
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Wang H, Mu W, Wang S, Shi L, Ma T, Lu Y. Facile synthesis of NS-doped carbon dots as sensitive "ON-OFF-ON" fluorescent sensor for Cu 2+ and GSH detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123460. [PMID: 37778177 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon quantum dots (NS-CQDs) were successfully prepared by a dehydration exothermic carbonization method. The NS-CQDs exhibited uniform size distribution, splendid photostability, and bright fluorescence emission with a fluorescence quantum yield of 24.1 %. It was found that Cu2+ could quench the fluorescence at 467 nm based on the static quenching effect when Cu2+ was added to the NS-CQDs. At this time, the fluorescence sensor changed from the "ON" state to the "OFF" state. When glutathione (GSH) was further introduced into the NS-CQDs/Cu2+ system, the fluorescence intensity of NS-CQDs was amazingly restored through the coordination reaction between GSH and Cu2+. The fluorescence sensor changed from the "OFF" state to the "ON" state. Therefore, NS-CQDs as an "ON-OFF-ON" fluorescence sensor was designed for sequential detection of Cu2+ and GSH. Furthermore, this study successfully demonstrated the sensor's ability to selectively detect Cu2+ and GSH within a wide concentration range. Specifically, the detection range for Cu2+ was 0.1 μM-200.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.07 μM, while the range for GSH was 0.6 μM-180.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. Most importantly, the NS-CQDs nanosensor could reliably monitor Cu2+ and GSH levels in human serum samples, with significant potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, China; Phytochemistry Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau of Qinghai Province, China; College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China.
| | - Wencheng Mu
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, China; Phytochemistry Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau of Qinghai Province, China; College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Siying Wang
- 96602 Military Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kunming 650000, PR China
| | - Lin Shi
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, China; Phytochemistry Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau of Qinghai Province, China; College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Tianfeng Ma
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, China; Phytochemistry Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau of Qinghai Province, China; College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China
| | - Yongchang Lu
- Modern Tibetan Medicine Creation Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province, China; Phytochemistry Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau of Qinghai Province, China; College of Pharmacy, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, China
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10
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Chau Q, Corado-Santiago L, Jones S, Dattelbaum J, Skromne I. Physicochemical and Inflammatory Analysis of Unconjugated and Conjugated Bone-Binding Carbon Dots. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1320-1326. [PMID: 38222634 PMCID: PMC10785778 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CDs) have drawn significant attention for their potential uses in diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their small size, tissue biocompatibility, stable photoluminescence, and modifiable surface groups. However, the effect of cargo molecules on CD photoluminescence and their ability to interact with tissues are not fully understood. Our previous work has shown that CDs produced from the acidic oxidation of carbon nanopowder can bind to mineralized bone with high affinity and specificity in a zebrafish animal model system. Using this model, we investigated the impact of loading Cy5 and biotin cargo on CDs' photoluminescence and bone-binding properties. We report that CD cargo loading alters CD photoluminescence in a pH- and cargo-dependent manner without interfering with the CDs' bone binding properties. In a reciprocal analysis, we show that cargo loading of CDs does not affect the cargo's fluorescence. Significantly, CDs do not trigger nitric oxide production in a mouse macrophage assay, suggesting that they are noninflammatory. Together, these results further support the development of carbon nanopowder-derived CDs for the precise delivery of therapeutic agents to bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chau
- Department
of Biology, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Lesly Corado-Santiago
- Department
of Biology, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Shannon Jones
- Department
of Biology, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Jonathan Dattelbaum
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
| | - Isaac Skromne
- Department
of Biology, University of Richmond, 138 UR Drive, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
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11
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Wang J, Fu Y, Gu Z, Pan H, Zhou P, Gan Q, Yuan Y, Liu C. Multifunctional Carbon Dots for Biomedical Applications: Diagnosis, Therapy, and Theranostic. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303773. [PMID: 37702145 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Designing suitable nanomaterials is an ideal strategy to enable early diagnosis and effective treatment of diseases. Carbon dots (CDs) are luminescent carbonaceous nanoparticles that have attracted considerable attention. Through facile synthesis, they process properties including tunable light emission, low toxicity, and light energy transformation, leading to diverse applications as optically functional materials in biomedical fields. Recently, their potentials have been further explored, such as enzyme-like activity and ability to promote osteogenic differentiation. Through refined synthesizing strategies carbon dots, a rich treasure trove for new discoveries, stand a chance to guide significant development in biomedical applications. In this review, the authors start with a brief introduction to CDs. By presenting mechanisms and examples, the authors focus on how they can be used in diagnosing and treating diseases, including bioimaging failure of tissues and cells, biosensing various pathogenic factors and biomarkers, tissue defect repair, anti-inflammation, antibacterial and antiviral, and novel oncology treatment. The introduction of the application of integrated diagnosis and treatment follows closely behind. Furthermore, the challenges and future directions of CDs are discussed. The authors hope this review will provide critical perspectives to inspire new discoveries on CDs and prompt their advances in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Zhangwu Road 100, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zhanghao Gu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Panyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qi Gan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of the Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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12
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Stocco TD, Zhang T, Dimitrov E, Ghosh A, da Silva AMH, Melo WCMA, Tsumura WG, Silva ADR, Sousa GF, Viana BC, Terrones M, Lobo AO. Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Hydrogels as Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6153-6183. [PMID: 37915750 PMCID: PMC10616695 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s436867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) are a category of nanomaterials with various systems based on combinations of sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbon bonds, morphologies, and functional groups. CBNs can exhibit distinguished properties such as high mechanical strength, chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. These desirable physicochemical properties have triggered their uses in many fields, including biomedical applications. In this review, we specifically focus on applying CBNs as scaffolds in tissue engineering, a therapeutic approach whereby CBNs can act for the regeneration or replacement of damaged tissue. Here, an overview of the structures and properties of different CBNs will first be provided. We will then discuss state-of-the-art advancements of CBNs and hydrogels as scaffolds for regenerating various types of human tissues. Finally, a perspective of future potentials and challenges in this field will be presented. Since this is a very rapidly growing field, we expect that this review will promote interdisciplinary efforts in developing effective tissue regeneration scaffolds for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Domingues Stocco
- Bioengineering Program, Scientific and Technological Institute, Brazil University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Anupama Ghosh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering (DEQM), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Wanessa C M A Melo
- FTMC, State Research institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Vilnius, Lithuanian
| | - Willian Gonçalves Tsumura
- Bioengineering Program, Scientific and Technological Institute, Brazil University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Diniz Rosa Silva
- FATEC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), BioMatLab Group, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Gustavo F Sousa
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), BioMatLab Group, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Bartolomeu C Viana
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), BioMatLab Group, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Oliveira Lobo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials (LIMAV), BioMatLab Group, Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI, Brazil
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13
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Kang J, Ai Q, Zhao A, Wang H, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang L, Liu Y. Neurotoxicological mechanisms of carbon quantum dots in a new animal model Dugesia japonica. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:711-719. [PMID: 37386302 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
As luminescent nanomaterials, the carbon quantum dots (CQDs) research focused on emerging applications since their discovery. However, their toxicological effects on the natural environment are still unclear. The freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica is distributed extensively in aquatic ecosystems and can regenerate a new brain in 5 days after amputation. Therefore it can be used as a new model organism in the field of neuroregeneration toxicology. In our study, D. japonica was cut and incubated in medium treated with CQDs. The results showed that the injured planarian lost the neuronal ability of brain regeneration after treatment with CQDs. Its Hh signalling system was interfered with at Day 5, and all cultured pieces died on or before Day 10 due to head lysis. Our work reveals that CQDs might affect the nerve regeneration of freshwater planarians via the Hh signalling pathway. The results of this study improve our understanding of CQD neuronal development toxicology and can aid in the development of warning systems for aquatic ecosystem damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kang
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Qing Ai
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiangpeng Zhang
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | | | - Yuqing Liu
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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14
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Li C, Huang J, Yuan L, Xie W, Ying Y, Li C, Yu Y, Pan Y, Qu W, Hao H, Algharib SA, Chen D, Xie S. Recent progress of emitting long-wavelength carbon dots and their merits for visualization tracking, target delivery and theranostics. Theranostics 2023; 13:3064-3102. [PMID: 37284447 PMCID: PMC10240821 DOI: 10.7150/thno.80579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a novel strategy for in vivo visualization tracking and monitoring, carbon dots (CDs) emitting long wavelengths (LW, 600-950 nm) have received tremendous attention due to their deep tissue penetration, low photon scattering, satisfactory contrast resolution and high signal-to-background ratios. Although, the mechanism of CDs emitting LW remains controversial and what properties are best for in vivo visualization have not been specifically elucidated, it is more conducive to the in vivo application of LW-CDs through rational design and ingenious synthesis based on the appreciation of the luminescence mechanism. Therefore, this review analyzes the current tracer technologies applied in vivo and their advantages and disadvantages, with emphasis on the physical mechanism of emitting LW fluorescence for in vivo imaging. Subsequently, the general properties and merits of LW-CDs for tracking and imaging are summarized. More importantly, the factors affecting the synthesis of LW-CDs and its luminescence mechanism are highlighted. Simultaneously, the application of LW-CDs for disease diagnosis, integration of diagnosis and therapy are summarized. Finally, the bottlenecks and possible future directions of LW-CDs in visualization tracking and imaging in vivo are detailly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Liwen Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yupeng Ying
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chengzhe Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yahang Yu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wei Qu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Samah Attia Algharib
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, QG, Egypt
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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15
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Zhang R, Hou Y, Sun L, Liu X, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li R, Wang C, Wu X, Li B. Recent advances in carbon dots: synthesis and applications in bone tissue engineering. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3106-3119. [PMID: 36723029 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05951g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE), based on the perfect combination of seed cells, scaffold materials and growth factors, has shown unparalleled potential in the treatment of bone defects and related diseases. As the site of cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation, scaffolds composed of biomaterials play a crucial role in BTE. Over the past years, carbon dots (CDs), a new type of carbon-based nanomaterial, have attracted extensive research attention due to their good biocompatibility, unique optical properties, and abundant functional groups. This paper reviews recent research progress in the use of CDs in the field of BTE. Firstly, different preparation methods of CDs are summarized. Then, the properties and categories of CDs applied in BTE are described in detail. Subsequently, the applications of CDs in BTE, including osteogenesis, fluorescence tracing, phototherapy and antibacterial activity, are presented. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of CDs in BTE are briefly discussed to give a comprehensive picture of CDs. This review provides a theoretical basis and advanced design strategies for the application of CDs in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuxi Hou
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Lingxiang Sun
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Qingmei Zhang
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Research Institute of Photonics, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
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16
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Domena JB, Celebic E, Ferreira BCLB, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Chen J, Bartoli M, Tagliaferro A, Johnson Q, Chauhan BPS, Paulino V, Olivier JH, Leblanc RM. Investigation into Red Emission and Its Applications: Solvatochromic N-Doped Red Emissive Carbon Dots with Solvent Polarity Sensing and Solid-State Fluorescent Nanocomposite Thin Films. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041755. [PMID: 36838742 PMCID: PMC9960500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a NIR emitting dye, p-toluenesulfonate (IR-813) was explored as a model precursor to develop red emissive carbon dots (813-CD) with solvatochromic behavior with a red-shift observed with increasing solvent polarity. The 813-CDs produced had emission peaks at 610 and 698 nm, respectively, in water with blue shifts of emission as solvent polarity decreased. Subsequently, 813-CD was synthesized with increasing nitrogen content with polyethyleneimine (PEI) to elucidate the change in band gap energy. With increased nitrogen content, the CDs produced emissions as far as 776 nm. Additionally, a CD nanocomposite polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) film was synthesized to assess the phenomenon of solid-state fluorescence. Furthermore, the CDs were found to have electrochemical properties to be used as an additive doping agent for PVP film coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Domena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Ermin Celebic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Jiuyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - M. Bartoli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - A. Tagliaferro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Qiaxian Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University of New Jersey, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA
| | - Bhanu P. S. Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, William Paterson University of New Jersey, 300 Pompton Rd, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA
| | - Victor Paulino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Zhou Y, Zhang W, Leblanc RM. Structure-Property-Activity Relationships in Carbon Dots. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10777-10796. [PMID: 36395361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are one of the most versatile nanomaterials discovered in the 21st century. They possess many properties and thus hold potentials in diverse applications. While an increasing amount of attention has been given to these novel nanoparticles, the broad scientific community is actively engaged in exploring their limits. Recent studies on the fractionalization and assembly of CDs further push the limits beyond just CDs and demonstrate that CDs are both a mixture of heterogeneous fractions and promising building blocks for assembly of large carbon-based materials. With CDs moving forward toward both microscopic and macroscopic levels, a good understanding of the structure-property-activity relationships is essential to forecasting the future of CDs. Hence, in this Perspective, structure-property-activity relationships are highlighted based on the repeatedly verified findings in CDs. In addition, studies on CD fractionalization and assembly are briefly summarized in this Perspective. Eventually, these structure-property-activity relationships and controllability are essential for the development of CDs with desired properties for various applications especially in photochemistry, electrochemistry, nanomedicine, and surface chemistry. In summary, in our opinion, since 2004 until the present, history has witnessed a great development of CDs although there is still some room for more studies. Also, considering many attractive properties, structure-property-activity relationships, and the building block nature of CDs, a variety of carbon-based materials of interest can be constructed from CDs with control. They can help reduce blind trials in the development of carbon-based materials, which is of great significance in materials science, chemistry, and any fields related to the applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States.,C-Dots LLC, Miami, Florida 33136, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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18
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Zheng K, Bai J, Yang H, Xu Y, Pan G, Wang H, Geng D. Nanomaterial-assisted theranosis of bone diseases. Bioact Mater 2022; 24:263-312. [PMID: 36632509 PMCID: PMC9813540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-related diseases refer to a group of skeletal disorders that are characterized by bone and cartilage destruction. Conventional approaches can regulate bone homeostasis to a certain extent. However, these therapies are still associated with some undesirable problems. Fortunately, recent advances in nanomaterials have provided unprecedented opportunities for diagnosis and therapy of bone-related diseases. This review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of current advanced theranostic nanomaterials in bone-related diseases. First, the potential utility of nanomaterials for biological imaging and biomarker detection is illustrated. Second, nanomaterials serve as therapeutic delivery platforms with special functions for bone homeostasis regulation and cellular modulation are highlighted. Finally, perspectives in this field are offered, including current key bottlenecks and future directions, which may be helpful for exploiting nanomaterials with novel properties and unique functions. This review will provide scientific guidance to enhance the development of advanced nanomaterials for the diagnosis and therapy of bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author.Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author. Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Chen Y, Li X. The utilization of carbon-based nanomaterials in bone tissue regeneration and engineering: Respective featured applications and future prospects. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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20
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Electrochemical and spectroscopic evaluation of 6-MP and its interaction with carbon dots and dsDNA. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Strickland S, Jorns M, Heyd L, Pappas D. Novel synthesis of fibronectin derived photoluminescent carbon dots for bioimaging applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30487-30494. [PMID: 36337972 PMCID: PMC9597609 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) derived from human plasma has been used for the first time as the carbon precursor in the top-down, microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon dots (CDs). FN is a large glycoprotein primarily known for its roles in cell adhesion and cell growth. Due to these properties FN can be over expressed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of some cancers allowing FN to be used as an indicator for the detection of cancerous cells over non-cancerous cells. These FN derived CDs display violet photoluminescence with UV excitation and appear to possess similar functional groups on their surface to their carbon precursor (-COOH and -NH2). This is believed to be due to the self-passivation of the CDs' nitrogen-containing surface functional groups during the heating process. These CDs were then used to stain MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cells and were observed to interact primarily with the cell membrane rather than intercalating into the cell like the many other types of CDs. This led to the hypothesis that the CDs are selectively binding to the FN overexpressed within the cancer cells' ECM via amide linkages. This is in agreement with the EDX and FTIR spectra of the FN CDs which indicate the presence of -COOH and nitrogen containing surface groups like -NH3. The inherent selectivity of the CDs combined with their ability to photoluminesce enables their use as a fluorophore for bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Strickland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
| | - Mychele Jorns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
| | - Lindsey Heyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
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22
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Xiang Z, Jiang Y, Cui C, Luo Y, Peng Z. Sensitive, Selective and Reliable Detection of Fe 3+ in Lake Water via Carbon Dots-Based Fluorescence Assay. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196749. [PMID: 36235283 PMCID: PMC9573028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, C-dots were facilely synthesized via microwave irradiation using citric acid and ethylenediamine as carbon precursors. The fluorescence emissions of the C-dots could be selectively quenched by Fe3+, and the degree of quenching was linearly related to the concentrations of Fe3+ presented. This phenomenon was utilized to develop a sensitive fluorescence assay for Fe3+ detection with broad linear range (0–250, 250–1200 μmol/L) and low detection limit (1.68 μmol/L). Most importantly, the assay demonstrated high reliability towards samples in deionized water, tap water and lake water, which should find potential applications for Fe3+ monitoring in complicated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Xiang
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yuxiang Jiang
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chen Cui
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yuanping Luo
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Zhili Peng
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-871-65037399
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23
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Geng J, Wang Z, Wu Y, Yu L, Wang L, Dong Q, Liu C, Chi Z. Intrinsic specificity of plain ammonium citrate carbon dots for Helicobacter pylori: Interfacial mechanism, diagnostic translation and general revelation. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100282. [PMID: 35601896 PMCID: PMC9119834 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of carbon dots (CDs) is now flourishing; however, more effort is needed to overcome their lack of intrinsic specificity. Herein, instead of synthesizing novel CDs, we reinvestigated three reported CDs and discovered that plain ammonium citrate CDs (AC-CDs) exhibited surprising specificity for Helicobacter pylori. Notably, we showed that the interfacial mechanism behind this specificity was due to the affinity between the high abundant urea/ammonium transporters on H. pylori outer membrane and the surface-coordinated ammonium ions on AC-CDs. Further, we justified that ammonium sulfate-citric acid CDs also possessed H. pylori-specificity owing to their NH4+ doping. Thereby, we suggested that the incorporation of a molecule that could be actively transported by abundant membrane receptors into the precursors of CDs might serve as a basis for developing a plain CD with intrinsic specificity for H. pylori. Moreover, AC-CDs exhibited specificity towards live, dead, and multidrug-resistant H. pylori strains. Based on the specificity, we developed a microfluidics-assisted in vitro sensing approach for H. pylori, achieving a simplified, rapid and ultrasensitive detection with two procedures, shortened time within 45.0 min and a low actual limit of detection of 10.0 CFU mL−1. This work sheds light on the design of more H. pylori-specific or even bacteria-specific CDs and their realistic translation into clinical practice. Plain ammonium citrate CDs have intrinsic specificity for Helicobacter pylori. Affinity of outer-membrane urea receptors to NH4+ on CDs decides the specificity. The specific CDs coupling microfluidics confers a simplified detection of H. pylori. The mechanism and translation inspire the engineering of bacteria-specific CDs.
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Phan LMT, Cho S. Fluorescent Carbon Dot-Supported Imaging-Based Biomedicine: A Comprehensive Review. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:9303703. [PMID: 35440939 PMCID: PMC9013550 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9303703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) provide distinctive advantages of strong fluorescence, good photostability, high water solubility, and outstanding biocompatibility, and thus are widely exploited as potential imaging agents for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. Imaging is absolutely necessary when discovering the structure and function of cells, detecting biomarkers in diagnosis, tracking the progress of ongoing disease, treating various tumors, and monitoring therapeutic efficacy, making it an important approach in modern biomedicine. Numerous investigations of CDs have been intensively studied for utilization in bioimaging-supported medical sciences. However, there is still no article highlighting the potential importance of CD-based bioimaging to support various biomedical applications. Herein, we summarize the development of CDs as fluorescence (FL) nanoprobes with different FL colors for potential bioimaging-based applications in living cells, tissue, and organisms, including the bioimaging of various cell types and targets, bioimaging-supported sensing of metal ions and biomolecules, and FL imaging-guided tumor therapy. Current CD-based microscopic techniques and their advantages are also highlighted. This review discusses the significance of advanced CD-supported imaging-based in vitro and in vivo investigations, suggests the potential of CD-based imaging for biomedicine, and encourages the effective selection and development of superior probes and platforms for further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Minh Tu Phan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Xue Y, Liu C, Andrews G, Wang J, Ge Y. Recent advances in carbon quantum dots for virus detection, as well as inhibition and treatment of viral infection. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:15. [PMID: 35366117 PMCID: PMC8976173 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), as a novel class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have received increasing attention due to their distinct properties. CQDs are ultimately small nanoparticles with an average size below 10 nm, possessing high water solubility, alluring photoluminescence, photostability, excellent biocompatibility, low/none toxicity, environmental friendliness, and high sustainability, etc. In history, there are intermittent threats from viruses to humans, animals and plants worldwide, resulting in enormous crises and impacts on our life, environment, economy and society. Some recent studies have unveiled that certain types of CQDs exhibited high and potent antiviral activities against various viruses such as human coronavirus, arterivirus, norovirus and herpesvirus. Moreover, they have been successfully explored and developed for different virus detections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This article exclusively overviews and discusses the recent progress of designing, synthesizing, modifying/functionalizing and developing CQDs towards effective virus detection as well as the inhibition and treatment of viral infection. Their mechanisms and applications against various pathogenic viruses are addressed. The latest outcomes for combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) utilizing CQDs are also highlighted. It can be envisaged that CQDs could further benefit the development of virus detectors and antiviral agents with added broad-spectrum activity and cost-effective production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Xue
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3HL, UK
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproductive, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gavin Andrews
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jinyan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yi Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Carbon Dots from Two Mediterranean Olive Solid Waste Cultivars. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050885. [PMID: 35269375 PMCID: PMC8912711 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have shown great potential in several fields, including biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, energy, catalysis, diagnostics, and nanomedicine. Recently, a new class of carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs), have attracted much attention due to their easy and inexpensive synthesis from a wide range of precursors and fascinating physical, chemical, and biological properties. In this work we have developed CDs derived from olive solid wastes of two Mediterranean regions, Puglia (CDs_P) and Calabria (CDs_C) and evaluated them in terms of their physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Results show the nanosystems have a quasi-spherical shape of 12–18 nm in size for CDs_P and 15–20 nm in size for CDs_C. UV–Vis characterization indicates a broad absorption band with two main peaks at about 270 nm and 300 nm, respectively, attributed to the π-π* and n-π* transitions of the CDs, respectively. Both samples show photoluminescence (PL) spectra excitation-dependent with a maximum at λem = 420 nm (λexc = 300 nm) for CDs_P and a red-shifted at λem = 445 nm (λexc = 300 nm) for CDs_C. Band gaps values of ≈ 1.48 eV for CDs_P and ≈ 1.53 eV for CDs_C are in agreement with semiconductor behaviour. ζ potential measures show very negative values for CDs_C compared to CDs_P (three times higher, −38 mV vs. −18 mV at pH = 7). The evaluation of the antibacterial properties highlights that both CDs have higher antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive than to Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, CDs_C exhibit bactericidal behaviour at concentrations of 360, 240, and 120 µg/mL, while lesser activity was found for CDs_P (bacterial cell reduction of only 30% at the highest concentration of 360 µg/mL). This finding was correlated to the higher surface charge of CDs_C compared to CDs_P. Further investigations are in progress to confirm this hypothesis and to gain insight on the antibacterial mechanism of both cultivars.
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Synthesis Mechanisms, Structural Models, and Photothermal Therapy Applications of Top-Down Carbon Dots from Carbon Powder, Graphite, Graphene, and Carbon Nanotubes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031456. [PMID: 35163376 PMCID: PMC8835929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, top-down syntheses of carbon dots (CDs) from four different carbon precursors, namely, carbon nano powders, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, were carried out. Systematic study demonstrated that the optical properties and surface functionalities of the CDs were quite similar and mainly influenced by the synthesis method, while the sizes, morphologies, chemical compositions, and core structures of the CDs were heavily influenced by the carbon precursors. On the basis of these studies, the formation processes and structural models of these four top-down CDs were proposed. The cell cytotoxicity and photothermal conversion efficiency of these CDs were also carefully evaluated, demonstrating their potential applications in photothermal therapy.
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28
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Khorsandi Z, Borjian-Boroujeni M, Yekani R, Varma RS. Carbon nanomaterials with chitosan: A winning combination for drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Bartholomeeusen E, De Cremer G, Kennes K, Hammond C, Hermans I, Lu JB, Schryvers D, Jacobs PA, Roeffaers MBJ, Hofkens J, Sels BF, Coutino-Gonzalez E. Optical encoding of luminescent carbon nanodots in confined spaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11952-11955. [PMID: 34699581 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stable emissive carbon nanodots were generated in zeolite crystals using near infrared photon irradiation gradually converting the occluded organic template, originally used to synthesize the zeolite crystals, into discrete luminescent species consisting of nano-sized carbogenic fluorophores, as ascertained using Raman microscopy, and steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Photoactivation in a confocal laser fluorescence microscope allows 3D resolved writing of luminescent carbon nanodot patterns inside zeolites providing a cost-effective and non-toxic alternative to previously reported metal-based nanoclusters confined in zeolites, and opens up opportunities in bio-labelling and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Bartholomeeusen
- Chem&Tech - Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert De Cremer
- DSM Protective Materials, PO Box 1163, 6160BD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Kennes
- Chem & Tech - Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ceri Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Ive Hermans
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Av., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jiang-Bo Lu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China.,EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schryvers
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Pierre A Jacobs
- Chem&Tech - Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten B J Roeffaers
- Chem&Tech - Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Chem & Tech - Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert F Sels
- Chem&Tech - Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering (CSCE), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eduardo Coutino-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A. C. Loma del Bosque 115, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, León, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico.
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30
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Chen W, Shen J, Wang Z, Liu X, Xu Y, Zhao H, Astruc D. Turning waste into wealth: facile and green synthesis of carbon nanodots from pollutants and applications to bioimaging. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11722-11729. [PMID: 34659707 PMCID: PMC8442693 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02837e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to turn waste into wealth, Reactive Red 2 (RR2), a common and refractory organic pollutant in industrial wastewater, has been employed for the first time as a precursor to synthesize carbon nanodots (CNDs) by a facile, green and low-cost route, without utilization of any strong acids or other oxidizers. The detailed characterizations have confirmed that the synthesized CNDs exhibit good water dispersibility, with a mean particle size of 2.43 nm and thickness of 1-3 layers. Importantly, the excellent fluorescence properties and much reduced biotoxicity of the CNDs confer its potential applications in further biological imaging, which has been successfully verified in both in vitro (cell culture) and in vivo (zebrafish) model systems. Thus, it is demonstrated that the synthesized CNDs exhibit nice biocompatibility and fluorescence properties for bioimaging. This work not only provides a novel economical and environmentally friendly approach in recycling a chemical pollutant, but also greatly promotes the potential application of CNDs in biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University Yichang Hubei 443002 P. R. China
| | - Jialu Shen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University Yichang Hubei 443002 P. R. China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University Yichang Hubei 443002 P. R. China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - Didier Astruc
- ISM, UMR CNRS No. 5255, Univ. Bordeaux 351 Cours de la Libération 33405 Talence Cedex France
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31
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Liu Z, Wan X, Wang ZL, Li L. Electroactive Biomaterials and Systems for Cell Fate Determination and Tissue Regeneration: Design and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007429. [PMID: 34117803 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During natural tissue regeneration, tissue microenvironment and stem cell niche including cell-cell interaction, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) provide a train of biochemical and biophysical cues for modulation of cell behaviors and tissue functions. Design of functional biomaterials to mimic the tissue/cell microenvironment have great potentials for tissue regeneration applications. Recently, electroactive biomaterials have drawn increasing attentions not only as scaffolds for cell adhesion and structural support, but also as modulators to regulate cell/tissue behaviors and function, especially for electrically excitable cells and tissues. More importantly, electrostimulation can further modulate a myriad of biological processes, from cell cycle, migration, proliferation and differentiation to neural conduction, muscle contraction, embryogenesis, and tissue regeneration. In this review, endogenous bioelectricity and piezoelectricity are introduced. Then, design rationale of electroactive biomaterials is discussed for imitating dynamic cell microenvironment, as well as their mediated electrostimulation and the applying pathways. Recent advances in electroactive biomaterials are systematically overviewed for modulation of stem cell fate and tissue regeneration, mainly including nerve regeneration, bone tissue engineering, and cardiac tissue engineering. Finally, the significance for simulating the native tissue microenvironment is emphasized and the open challenges and future perspectives of electroactive biomaterials are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingyi Wan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Linlin Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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32
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Seven ES, Seven YB, Zhou Y, Poudel-Sharma S, Diaz-Rucco JJ, Kirbas Cilingir E, Mitchell GS, Van Dyken JD, Leblanc RM. Crossing the blood-brain barrier with carbon dots: uptake mechanism and in vivo cargo delivery. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3942-3953. [PMID: 34263140 PMCID: PMC8243484 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00145k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) such that most therapeutics lack efficacy against brain tumors or neurological disorders due to their inability to cross the BBB. Therefore, developing new drug delivery platforms to facilitate drug transport to the CNS and understanding their mechanism of transport are crucial for the efficacy of therapeutics. Here, we report (i) carbon dots prepared from glucose and conjugated to fluorescein (GluCD-F) cross the BBB in zebrafish and rats without the need of an additional targeting ligand and (ii) uptake mechanism of GluCDs is glucose transporter-dependent in budding yeast. Glucose transporter-negative strain of yeast showed undetectable GluCD accumulation unlike the glucose transporter-positive yeast, suggesting glucose-transporter-dependent GluCD uptake. We tested GluCDs' ability to cross the BBB using both zebrafish and rat models. Following the injection to the heart, wild-type zebrafish showed GluCD-F accumulation in the central canal consistent with the transport of GluCD-F across the BBB. In rats, following intravenous administration, GluCD-F was observed in the CNS. GluCD-F was localized in the gray matter (e.g. ventral horn, dorsal horn, and middle grey) of the cervical spinal cord consistent with neuronal accumulation. Therefore, neuron targeting GluCDs hold tremendous potential as a drug delivery platform in neurodegenerative disease, traumatic injury, and malignancies of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Yasin B Seven
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida 101 Newell Dr. Gainesville FL 32603 USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida 1149 Newell Dr. Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Sijan Poudel-Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Juan J Diaz-Rucco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Emel Kirbas Cilingir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Gordon S Mitchell
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida 101 Newell Dr. Gainesville FL 32603 USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida 1149 Newell Dr. Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - J David Van Dyken
- Department of Biology, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
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33
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DuMez R, Miyanji EH, Corado-Santiago L, Barrameda B, Zhou Y, Hettiarachchi SD, Leblanc RM, Skromne I. In vivo characterization of carbon dots-bone interactions: toward the development of bone-specific nanocarriers for drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1281-1289. [PMID: 34176374 PMCID: PMC8238062 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1938753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for osteoporosis and other bone degenerative diseases predominately rely on preventing further bone erosion rather than restoring bone mass, as the latter treatments can unintentionally trigger cancer development by undiscriminatingly promoting cell proliferation. One approach to circumvent this problem is through the development of novel chemical carriers to deliver drug agents specifically to bones. We have recently shown that carbon nanodots (C-dots) synthesized from carbon nanopowder can bind with high affinity and specificity to developing bones in the larval zebrafish. Larval bones, however, are physiologically different from adult bones in their growth, repair, and regeneration properties. Here we report that C-dots can bind to adult zebrafish bones and that this binding is highly specific to areas of appositional growth. C-dots deposition occurred within 30 minutes after delivery and was highly selective, with bones undergoing regeneration and repair showing higher levels of C-dots deposition than bones undergoing normal homeostatic turnover. Importantly, C-dots deposition did not interfere with bone regeneration or the animal’s health. Together, our results establish C-dots as a potential novel vehicle for the targeted delivery of drugs to treat adult bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel DuMez
- Department Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Bryle Barrameda
- Department Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | | | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Isaac Skromne
- Department Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA
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Färkkilä SMA, Kiers ET, Jaaniso R, Mäeorg U, Leblanc RM, Treseder KK, Kang Z, Tedersoo L. Fluorescent nanoparticles as tools in ecology and physiology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2392-2424. [PMID: 34142416 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs) have been widely used in chemistry and medicine for decades, but their employment in biology is relatively recent. Past reviews on FNPs have focused on chemical, physical or medical uses, making the extrapolation to biological applications difficult. In biology, FNPs have largely been used for biosensing and molecular tracking. However, concerns over toxicity in early types of FNPs, such as cadmium-containing quantum dots (QDs), may have prevented wide adoption. Recent developments, especially in non-Cd-containing FNPs, have alleviated toxicity problems, facilitating the use of FNPs for addressing ecological, physiological and molecule-level processes in biological research. Standardised protocols from synthesis to application and interdisciplinary approaches are critical for establishing FNPs in the biologists' tool kit. Here, we present an introduction to FNPs, summarise their use in biological applications, and discuss technical issues such as data reliability and biocompatibility. We assess whether biological research can benefit from FNPs and suggest ways in which FNPs can be applied to answer questions in biology. We conclude that FNPs have a great potential for studying various biological processes, especially tracking, sensing and imaging in physiology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni M A Färkkilä
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - E Toby Kiers
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Raivo Jaaniso
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Str 1, 50411, Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Uno Mäeorg
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, Cox Science Center, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, U.S.A
| | - Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 3106 Biological Sciences III, Mail Code: 2525, 92697, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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35
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Liang Y, Yang H, Guo X, Dong W. Spectroscopic cyclic voltammetry, and molecular docking study on the molecular interaction between synthesized blue emitting nitrogen‐doped carbon dots and human serum albumin. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy Liaoning University Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- College of Chemistry Liaoning University Shenyang P.R. China
| | - YuanHao Liang
- College of Pharmacy Liaoning University Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Hongtian Yang
- College of Pharmacy Liaoning University Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Xingjia Guo
- College of Chemistry Liaoning University Shenyang P.R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- College of Pharmacy Medical College Shenyang P.R. China
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Samal S, Dash P, Dash M. Drug Delivery to the Bone Microenvironment Mediated by Exosomes: An Axiom or Enigma. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3509-3540. [PMID: 34045855 PMCID: PMC8149288 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s307843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of bone-related disorders is causing a burden on the clinical scenario. Even though bone is one of the tissues that possess tremendous regenerative potential, certain bone anomalies need therapeutic intervention through appropriate delivery of a drug. Among several nanosystems and biologics that offer the potential to contribute towards bone healing, the exosomes from the class of extracellular vesicles are outstanding. Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles that, apart from the various advantages, are standing out of the crowd for their ability to conduct cellular communication. The internal cargo of the exosomes is leading to its potential use in therapeutics. Exosomes are being unraveled in terms of the mechanism as well as application in targeting various diseases and tissues. Through this review, we have tried to understand and review all that is already established and the gap areas that still exist in utilizing them as drug delivery vehicles targeting the bone. The review highlights the potential of the exosomes towards their contribution to the drug delivery scenario in the bone microenvironment. A comparison of the pros and cons of exosomes with other prevalent drug delivery systems is also done. A section on the patents that have been generated so far from this field is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Samal
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Pratigyan Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Mamoni Dash
- Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751023, India
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Wu H, Xu H, Shi Y, Yuan T, Meng T, Zhang Y, Xie W, Li X, Li Y, Fan L. Recent Advance in Carbon Dots: From Properties to Applications. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ting Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ting Meng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Wenjing Xie
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Yunchao Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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Luta G, Butura M, Tiron A, Tiron CE. Enhancing Anti-Tumoral Potential of CD-NHF by Modulating PI3K/Akt Axis in U87 Ex Vivo Glioma Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083873. [PMID: 33918086 PMCID: PMC8070499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the latest years, there has been an increased interest in nanomaterials that may provide promising novel approaches to disease diagnostics and therapeutics. Our previous results demonstrated that Carbon-dots prepared from N-hydroxyphthalimide (CD-NHF) exhibited anti-tumoral activity on several cancer cell lines such as MDA-MB-231, A375, A549, and RPMI8226, while U87 glioma tumor cells were unaffected. Gliomas represent one of the most common types of human primary brain tumors and are responsible for the majority of deaths. In the present in vitro study, we expand our previous investigation on CD-NHF in the U87 cell line by adding different drug combinations. METHODS Cell viability, migration, invasion, and immunofluorescent staining of key molecular pathways have been assessed after various treatments with CD-NHF and/or K252A and AKTVIII inhibitors in the U87 cell line. RESULTS Association of an inhibitor strongly potentiates the anti-tumoral properties of CD-NHF identified by significant impairment of migration, invasion, and expression levels of phosphorylated Akt, p70S6Kinase, or by decreasing expression levels of Bcl-2, IL-6, STAT3, and Slug. CONCLUSIONS Using simultaneously reduced doses of both CD-NHF and an inhibitor in order to reduce side effects, the viability and invasiveness of U87 glioma cells were significantly impaired.
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Hettiarachchi SD, Kirbas Cilingir E, Maklouf H, Seven ES, Paudyal S, Vanni S, Graham RM, Leblanc RM. pH and redox triggered doxorubicin release from covalently linked carbon dots conjugates. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:5507-5518. [PMID: 33688879 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment responsive drug delivery systems are potential approaches to reduce the acute toxicity caused by high-dose cancer chemotherapy. Notwithstanding the conventional nano-drug delivery systems, the redox and pH stimuli drug delivery systems are currently gaining attention. Therefore, the current study was designed to compare three different covalent carbon dots (C-dots) systems based on doxorubicin (dox) release profiles and cancer cell viability efficacy under acidic and physiological conditions. The C-dots nanosystems that were examined in this study are directly conjugated (C-dots-dox), pH triggered (C-dots-HBA-dox), and the redox stimuli (C-dots-S-S-dox) conjugates. The drug loading content (DLC%) of the C-dots-S-S-dox, C-dots-HBA-dox, and C-dots-dox was 34.2 ± 0.4, 60.0 ± 0.3, and 70.0 ± 0.2%, respectively, that examined by UV-vis spectral analysis. The dox release paradigms were emphasized that all three conjugates were promisingly released the dox from C-dots faster in acidic pH than in physiological pH. The displayed highest dox released percentage in the acidic medium was 74.6 ± 0.8% obtained by the pH stimuli, C-dots-HBA-dox conjugate. When introducing the redox inducer, dithiothreitol (DTT), preferentially, the redox stimuli C-dot-S-S-dox conjugate demonstrated a faster dox release at acidic pH than in the pH 7.4. The SJGBM2 cell viability experiments revealed that the pH stimuli, C-dots-HBA-dox conjugate, displayed a significant cell viability drop in the artificially acidified pH 6.4 medium. However, in the physiological pH, the redox stimuli, C-dots-S-S-dox conjugate, was promising over the pH stimuli C-dots-HBA-dox, exhibiting cell viability of 60%, though its' efficacy dropped slightly in the artificially acidified pH 6.4 medium. Moreover, the current study illustrates the stimuli conjugates' remarkable efficacy on sustain drug release than direct amide linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajini D Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
| | - Emel Kirbas Cilingir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
| | - Heidi Maklouf
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
| | - Suraj Paudyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
| | - Steven Vanni
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Regina M Graham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
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Mou Z, Zhao B, Wang B, Xiao D. Integration of Functionalized Polyelectrolytes onto Carbon Dots for Synergistically Improving the Tribological Properties of Polyethylene Glycol. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8794-8807. [PMID: 33576227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we carefully designed and synthesized a series of novel polyelectrolyte-functionalized carbon dots (CDs-PEI-X) by a facile and reversible phase transfer method based on the protonation reaction and anion exchange process executed on the surface of polyethylenimine-grafted CDs (CDs-PEI), where X denotes the anionic moieties of polyelectrolyte shells including hexafluorophosphate (PF6-), bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (NTf2-), oleate (OL-), and bis(salicylato)borate (BScB-), respectively. Attributed to the favorable compatibility of these anions and polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules, the hydrophobic CDs-PEI-X displayed excellent dispersibility and long-term stability in PEG200 base oil. Subsequently, the tribological behaviors of CDs-PEI-X as the lubricant additives of PEG200 were systematically investigated. It was proved that the anionic moieties of the polyelectrolyte shells of CDs-PEI-X played a crucial role in regulating their tribological behaviors. Particularly, CDs-PEI-OL was confirmed as an optimal additive, exhibiting the best lubricity, outstanding load-bearing capacity, long service life, and remarkable operational stability under boundary lubrication regime. Based on the tribological evaluations and worn surface analyses, the lubrication mechanism of CDs-PEI-OL was mainly attributed to the formation of the organic-inorganic hybrid adsorption film, the protective tribofilm, and its nanolubrication functions as scrollable "ball-bearing", i.e., the synergistic lubrication effects of surface polyelectrolyte shells and carbon cores. This study provides a feasible and versatile strategy to rapidly and effectively tailor the surface chemistry of CDs and discloses the essential contribution of carbon cores and surface groups on the lubrication process, which facilitates the development of advanced CDs-based nanolubricant additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Mou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis & Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Baogang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, 8 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Section of the Southbound 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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41
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Wu H, Su W, Xu H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li X, Fan L. Applications of carbon dots on tumour theranostics. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Wen Su
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Yunchao Li
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry, and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China
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42
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Shiralizadeh Dezfuli A, Kohan E, Tehrani Fateh S, Alimirzaei N, Arzaghi H, Hamblin MR. Organic dots (O-dots) for theranostic applications: preparation and surface engineering. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2253-2291. [PMID: 35424170 PMCID: PMC8693874 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic dots is a term used to represent materials including graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots because they rely on the presence of other atoms (O, H, and N) for their photoluminescence or fluorescence properties. They generally have a small size (as low as 2.5 nm), and show good photostability under prolonged irradiation. The excitation and emission wavelengths of O-dots can be tailored according to their synthetic procedure, where although their quantum yield is quite low compared with organic dyes, this is partly compensated by their large absorption coefficients. A wide range of strategies have been used to modify the surface of O-dots for passivation, improving their solubility and biocompatibility, and allowing the attachment of targeting moieties and therapeutic cargos. Hybrid nanostructures based on O-dots have been used for theranostic applications, particularly for cancer imaging and therapy. This review covers the synthesis, physics, chemistry, and characterization of O-dots. Their applications cover the prevention of protein fibril formation, and both controlled and targeted drug and gene delivery. Multifunctional therapeutic and imaging platforms have been reported, which combine four or more separate modalities, frequently including photothermal or photodynamic therapy and imaging and drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Ronash Technology Pars Company Tehran Iran
| | - Elmira Kohan
- Department of Science, University of Kurdistan Kurdistan Sanandaj Iran
| | - Sepand Tehrani Fateh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) Tehran Iran
| | - Neda Alimirzaei
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan Kashan Iran
| | - Hamidreza Arzaghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
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44
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Ross S, Wu RS, Wei SC, Ross GM, Chang HT. The analytical and biomedical applications of carbon dots and their future theranostic potential: A review. J Food Drug Anal 2020; 28:677-695. [PMID: 35696139 PMCID: PMC9261808 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, carbon dots (C-dots) have gained appreciable interest owing to their unique optical properties, including tunable fluorescence, stability against photobleaching and photoblinking, and strong fluorescence. Simple and low-cost hydrothermal and electrochemical approaches have been widely used in the preparation of biocompatible and high-quality C-dots. Various C-dots have been used for the quantitation of small analytes, mostly based on analyte induced fluorescence quenching. Depending on the nature of precursors, synthetic conditions (such as reaction temperature and time), and surface conjugation, multi-function C-dots can be prepared and used in diagnostics and therapeutics. Their strong fluorescence and photostability, enables use in cell imaging. Their biological activity from the surface residues and capability of generating reactive oxygen species, have allowed many C-dots to become candidates as antibacterial and anticancer reagents. After suitable conjugation, biocompatible and fluorescent C-dots can be used for diagnostics and therapeutics, thus, showing their great potential in the area of theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukunya Ross
- Department of Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000,
Thailand
| | - Ren-Siang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617,
Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Wei
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617,
Taiwan
| | - Gareth M. Ross
- Department of Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000,
Thailand
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617,
Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, 32023,
Taiwan
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45
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Vale N, Silva S, Duarte D, Crista DMA, Pinto da Silva L, Esteves da Silva JCG. Normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells to evaluate the safety of carbon dots. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:245-253. [PMID: 34046613 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human normal breast cell line MCF-10A is being widely used as a model in toxicity studies due to its structural similarity to the normal human mammary epithelium. Over the years, application of carbon dots (C-dots) in biomedicine has been increasing due to their photoluminescence properties, biocompatibility, biosafety and possible applications in bioimaging and as drug carriers. In this work we prepared three different C-dots from the same set of carbon and nitrogen precursors (citric acid and urea, respectively) via three distinct bottom-up synthetic routes and their safety was tested against the normal breast cell line MCF-10A. The characterization results demonstrated a similar size range and composition for all the C-dots. The MCF-10A cells were treated with different concentrations of C-dots for 24, 48 and 72 h to evaluate the cell viability over time. For the 24 h incubation, there were no significant decreases in the viability of the MCF-10A cells. For the 48 h treatment, there was a significant decrease in the viability of the cells treated with calcination-based C-dots, but without significant cellular viability changes for microwave and hydrothermal-based C-dots. For 72 h, cells treated with hydrothermal-based C-dots have the most promising viability profile. Also, compared with paclitaxel, these C-dots have a safety profile very close to that of an antineoplastic in non-tumor cells. Our results suggest that these new C-dots have potential as imaging candidates or biosensing tools as well as drug carriers, and further investigation in animal models is needed for future application in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa 4200-450 Porto Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro 4200-319 Porto Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa 4200-450 Porto Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Diana Duarte
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS) Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa 4200-450 Porto Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Diana M A Crista
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal ,
| | - Luís Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal ,.,LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal
| | - Joaquim C G Esteves da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal ,.,LACOMEPHI, GreenUPorto, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto (FCUP) Rua do Campo Alegre 687 4169-007 Porto Portugal
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Borhan A, Herea DD, Gherca D, Stavila C, Minuti AE, Grigoras M, Danceanu CM, Labusca L, Stoian G, Ababei G, Stan C, Lupu N, Chiriac H. Flash-cooling assisted sol-gel self-ignited synthesis of magnetic carbon dots-based heterostructure with antitumor properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111288. [PMID: 32919649 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This work addresses current direction of the nanoparticles-based systems intended for cancer therapy by developing a newly-formulated innovative chemically-engineered anti-tumor composite consisting in a magnetic, fluorescent, lipophilic, and biologically-active carbon heterostructure capable by itself or through coupling with a chemotherapeutic agent to selectively induce tumor cell death. The anti-tumor compound was synthesized through a modified sol-gel method by addition of a low-cost molecule with recently proven anti-tumor properties which was combusted and flash-cooled along with magnetic iron oxides precursors at 250 °C. The synthesized compound consisted in carbon dots, graphene and hematite nanoparticles which endowed the composite with unique simultaneous fluorescence, magnetic and anti-tumor properties. The in-vitro cytotoxicity performed on tumor cells (human osteosarcoma) and normal cells (fibroblasts) showed a selective cytotoxic effect induced after 24 h of treatment by the drug-free composite, leading to a cell death of 37%, for a composite concentration of 0.01 mg/mL per 104 tumor cells, whereas the composite loaded with an antitumor drug (mitoxantrone) boosted the cell death effect to 47% for similar exposure conditions. The method shows high potential as it boosts drug transfer within tumor cells. Different antitumor drugs already in clinical use can be used following their separate or in-cocktail controlled combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Borhan
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dumitru-Daniel Herea
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Daniel Gherca
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Cristina Stavila
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania; University "Al. I. Cuza", 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca-Emanuela Minuti
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania; University "Al. I. Cuza", 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marian Grigoras
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Camelia Mihaela Danceanu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania; University "Al. I. Cuza", 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luminita Labusca
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - George Stoian
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ababei
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Corneliu Stan
- "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, 67 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Lupu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Horia Chiriac
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
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Arumov A, Liyanage PY, Trabolsi A, Roberts ER, Li L, Ferreira BCLB, Gao Z, Ban Y, Newsam AD, Taggart MW, Vega F, Bilbao D, Leblanc RM, Schatz JH. Optimized Doxorubicin Chemotherapy for Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Exploits Nanocarrier Delivery to Transferrin Receptors. Cancer Res 2020; 81:763-775. [PMID: 33177062 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New treatments are needed to address persistent unmet clinical needs for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Overexpression of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) is common across cancer and permits cell-surface targeting of specific therapies in preclinical and clinical studies of various solid tumors. Here, we developed novel nanocarrier delivery of chemotherapy via TFR1-mediated endocytosis, assessing this target for the first time in DLBCL. Analysis of published datasets showed novel association of increased TFR1 expression with high-risk DLBCL cases. Carbon-nitride dots (CND) are emerging nanoparticles with excellent in vivo stability and distribution and are adaptable to covalent conjugation with multiple substrates. In vitro, linking doxorubicin (Dox) and transferrin (TF) to CND (CND-Dox-TF, CDT) was 10-100 times more potent than Dox against DLBCL cell lines. Gain- and loss-of-function studies and fluorescent confocal microscopy confirmed dependence of these effects on TFR1-mediated endocytosis. In contrast with previous therapeutics directly linking Dox and TF, cytotoxicity of CDT resulted from nuclear entry by Dox, promoting double-stranded DNA breaks and apoptosis. CDT proved safe to administer in vivo, and when incorporated into standard frontline chemoimmunotherapy in place of Dox, it improved overall survival by controlling patient-derived xenograft tumors with greatly reduced host toxicities. Nanocarrier-mediated Dox delivery to cell-surface TFR1, therefore, warrants optimization as a potential new therapeutic option in DLBCL. SIGNIFICANCE: Targeted nanoparticle delivery of doxorubicin chemotherapy via the TRF1 receptor presents a new opportunity against high-risk DLBCL tumors using potency and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artavazd Arumov
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Piumi Y Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Asaad Trabolsi
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Evan R Roberts
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Cancer Modeling Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Lingxiao Li
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Zhen Gao
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Yuguang Ban
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Austin D Newsam
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Francisco Vega
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel Bilbao
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Cancer Modeling Shared Resource, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida.
| | - Jonathan H Schatz
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. .,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Yunus U, Zulfiqar MA, Ajmal M, Bhatti MH, Chaudhry GES, Muhammad TST, Sung YY. Targeted drug delivery systems: synthesis and in vitro bioactivity and apoptosis studies of gemcitabine-carbon dot conjugates. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:065004. [PMID: 32442994 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab95e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is used to treat various cancers such as breast, pancreatic, non-small lung, ovarian, bladder, and cervical cancers. GEM, however, has the problem of non-selectivity. Water-soluble, fluorescent, and mono-dispersed carbon dots (CDs) were fabricated by ultrasonication of sucrose. The CDs were further conjugated with GEM through amide linkage. The physical and morphological properties of these carbon dot-gemcitabine (CD-GEM) conjugates were determined using different analytical techniques. In vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies of CD-GEM conjugates were evaluated by various bioactivity assays on human cell lines, MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), and HeLa (cervical cancer) cell lines. The results of kinetic studies have shown a maximum drug loading efficacy of 17.0 mg of GEM per 50.0 mg of CDs. The CDs were found biocompatible, and the CD-GEM conjugates exhibited excellent bioactivity and exerted potent cytotoxicity against tumor cells with an IC50 value of 19.50 μg ml-1 in HeLa cells, which is lower than the IC50 value of pure GEM (∼20.10 μg ml-1). In vitro studies on CD-GEM conjugates demonstrated the potential to replace the conventional administration of GEM. CD-GEM conjugates are more stable, have a higher aqueous solubility, and are more cytotoxic as compared to GEM alone. The CD-GEM conjugates show reduced side effects in the normal cells along with excellent cellular uptake. Hence, CD-GEM conjugates are more selective toward cancerous cell lines as compared to non-cancerous cells. Also, the CD-GEM conjugates successfully induced early and late apoptosis in cancer cell lines and might be effective and safe to use for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Yunus
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ajmal
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam H Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Gul-E-Saba Chaudhry
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
| | | | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
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Chitosan/carbon quantum dot/aptamer complex as a potential anticancer drug delivery system towards the release of 5-fluorouracil. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1422-1430. [PMID: 32987067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanotechnology contributes diminishing side effects rather than traditional therapeutic methods like chemotherapy. Thus, designing a biocompatible specific targeted nanocarrier with prolonged half-life and enhanced bio-availability using simultaneous cell imaging seems urgent. To meet this demand, 5-fluorouracil-chitosan‑carbon quantum dot-aptamer (5-FU-CS-CQD-Apt) nanoparticle was successfully synthesized for specific targeted delivery of 5-FU anti-cancer drug used in breast cancer treatment and this was done by following facile water-in-oil (W/O) emulsification method. Physicochemical properties were characterized and high drug loading and entrapment efficiency were achieved. The average size and zeta potential of the nanoparticle were 122.7 nm and + 31.2 mV, respectively. According to the in-vitro drug release profile, 5-FU-CS-CQD-Apt released the drug in a controlled manner. MTT assay, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and gene expression results demonstrated that the blank nanoparticle was biocompatible, and 5-FU-CS-CQD-Apt could kill tumor cells efficiently. Bcl-2/Bax ratio was decreased after 5-FU-CS-CQD-Apt treatment in MCF-7 cells. It was concluded that 5-FU-CS-CQD-Apt could be used as a potential nanocarrier in breast cancer treatment.
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Abstract
Early diagnosis of diseases is of great importance because it increases the chance of a cure and significantly reduces treatment costs. Thus, development of rapid, sensitive, and reliable biosensing techniques is essential for the benefits of human life and health. As such, various nanomaterials have been explored to improve performance of biosensors, among which, carbon dots (CDs) have received enormous attention due to their excellent performance. In this Review, the recent advancements of CD-based biosensors have been carefully summarized. First, biosensors are classified according to their sensing strategies, and the role of CDs in these sensors is elaborated in detail. Next, several typical CD-based biosensors (including CD-only, enzymatic, antigen-antibody, and nucleic acid biosensors) and their applications are fully discussed. Last, advantages, challenges, and perspectives on the future trends of CD-based biosensors are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Ji
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Zhili Peng
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People’s Republic of China
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