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Bisle E, Varadarajan S, Kolassa IT. Vitamin-mediated interaction between the gut microbiome and mitochondria in depression: A systematic review-based integrated perspective. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100790. [PMID: 38974216 PMCID: PMC11225645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the world's most prevalent mental disorders and its treatment remains suboptimal. Depression is a systemic disease with highly complex biological mechanisms. Emerging evidence points towards the involvement of mitochondria, microbiome and vitamins in its pathophysiology. Mitochondrial energy production was shown to be lowered in patients with depression. Mitochondrial energy production depends on vitamins, which are available from food, but are also synthesized by the gut microbiota. Several studies reported altered vitamin levels as well as changes in the gut microbiome composition and its vitamin metabolism in patients with depression. Therefore, the question of a connection between mitochondria and gut microbiome and vitamins influencing the mental health arises. This review aims to systematically investigate a combination of the topics - depression, mitochondria, microbiome, and vitamins - to generate an overview of a novel yet extremely complex and interconnected research field. A systematic literature search yielded 34 articles, and the results were summarized and bundled to develop this new integrative perspective on mitochondrial function mediated by the microbiome and microbiome-derived vitamins in depression. Furthermore, by discussing the research gaps this review aims to encourage innovative research approaches to better understand the biology of depression, which could result in optimized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Bisle
- Department of Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology & Education, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Suchithra Varadarajan
- Department of Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology & Education, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
- Department of Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology & Education, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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2
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Chen P, Wang Y, Xie J, Lei J, Zhou B. Methylated urolithin A, mitigates cognitive impairment by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction in aging mice. Neuropharmacology 2024; 252:109950. [PMID: 38636727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Effective therapeutic interventions for elderly patients are lacking, despite advances in pharmacotherapy. Methylated urolithin A (mUro A), a modified ellagitannin (ET)-derived metabolite, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects. Current research has primarily investigated the neuroprotective effects of mUroA in aging mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. Our study used an in vivo aging model induced by d-galactose (D-gal) to show that mUro A notably improved learning and memory, prevented synaptic impairments by enhancing synaptic protein expression and increasing EPSCs, and reduced oxidative damage in aging mice. mUro A alleviated the activation of the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, leading to reduced glial cell activity and neuroinflammation in both accelerated aging and naturally senescent mouse models. Moreover, mUroA enhanced the activity of TCA cycle enzymes (PDH, CS, and OGDH), decreased 8-OHdG levels, and raised ATP and NAD+ levels within the mitochondria. At the molecular level, mUro A decreased phosphorylated p53 levels and increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), thus enhancing mitochondrial function. In conclusion, mUro A alleviates cognitive impairment in aging mice by suppressing neuroinflammation through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition and restoring mitochondrial function via the p53-PGC-1α pathway. This suggests its potential therapeutic agent for brain aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China.
| | - Yulai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, 435099, PR China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Jiexin Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
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Jia Y, Li J, Wang Y, Ma Y, Chen L, Zhang H, Xue M, Liang H. Folic Acid Rescues Dopaminergic Neurons in MPTP-Induced Mice by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Ameliorating Mitochondrial Impairment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5734-5745. [PMID: 38453725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN), with neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction being key contributors. The neuroprotective potential of folic acid (FA) in the dopaminergic system of PD was assessed in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model. MPTP (20 mg/kg of body weight) was administered to C57BL/6J mice to simulate PD symptoms followed by FA treatment (5 mg/kg of body weight). Behavioral tests, pole, rotarod, and open-field tests, evaluated motor function, while immunohistochemistry, ELISA, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting quantified neuroinflammation, oxidative stress markers, and mitochondrial function. FA supplementation considerably improved motor performance, reduced homocysteine levels and mitigated oxidative damage in the SN. The FA-attenuated activation of the NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome lessened glial cell activity and reduced neuroinflammation. At the molecular level, FA reduced DNA damage, downregulated phosphorylated p53, and induced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), enhancing mitochondrial function. Therefore, FA exerts neuroprotection in MPTP-induced PD by inhibiting neuroinflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome suppression and promoting mitochondrial integrity through the p53-PGC-1α pathway. Notable limitations of our study include its reliance on a single animal model and the incompletely elucidated mechanisms underlying the impact of FA on mitochondrial dynamics. Future investigations will explore the clinical utility of FA and its molecular mechanisms, further advancing it as a potential therapeutic for managing and delaying the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yiqing Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Meilan Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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Hofford RS, Kiraly DD. Clinical and Preclinical Evidence for Gut Microbiome Mechanisms in Substance Use Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:329-338. [PMID: 37573004 PMCID: PMC10884738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders are a set of recalcitrant neuropsychiatric conditions that cause tremendous morbidity and mortality and are among the leading causes of loss of disability-adjusted life years worldwide. While each specific substance use disorder is driven by problematic use of a different substance, they all share a similar pattern of escalating and out-of-control substance use, continued use despite negative consequences, and a remitting/relapsing pattern over time. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of these conditions, current treatment options remain few and are ineffective for too many individuals. In recent years, there has been a rapidly growing body of literature demonstrating that the resident population of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract, collectively called the gut microbiome, plays an important role in modulating brain and behavior in preclinical and clinical studies of psychiatric disease. While these findings have not yet been translated into clinical practice, this remains an important and exciting avenue for translational research. In this review, we highlight the current state of microbiome-brain research within the substance use field with a focus on both clinical and preclinical studies. We also discuss potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying microbiome effects on models of substance use disorder and propose future directions to bring these findings from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Hofford
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Psychiatry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
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Yaku K, Nakagawa T. NAD + Precursors in Human Health and Disease: Current Status and Future Prospects. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:1133-1149. [PMID: 37335049 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) acts as a cofactor in many important biological processes. The administration of NAD+ precursors increases the intracellular NAD+ pool and has beneficial effects on physiological changes and diseases associated with aging in various organisms, including rodents and humans. Recent Advances: Evidence from preclinical studies demonstrating the beneficial effects of NAD+ precursors has rapidly increased in the last decade. The results of these studies have prompted the development of clinical trials using NAD+ precursors, particularly nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). In addition, in vivo studies of NAD+ metabolism have rapidly progressed. Critical Issues: Several studies have demonstrated that the oral administration of NAD+ precursors, such as NR and NMN, is safe and significantly increases NAD+ levels in humans. However, the efficacy of these NAD+ precursors is lower than expected from the results of preclinical studies. In addition, the identification of the contribution of the host-gut microbiota interactions to NR and NMN metabolism has added to the complexity of NAD+ metabolism. Future Directions: Further studies are required to determine the efficacy of NAD+ precursors in humans. Further in vivo studies of NAD+ metabolism are required to optimize the effects of NAD+ supplementation. There is also a need for methods of delivering NAD+ precursors to target organs or tissues to increase the outcomes of clinical trials. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 1133-1149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine; Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Pre-Disease Science; University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Wu JJ, Wei Z. Advances in the study of the effects of gut microflora on microglia in Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1295916. [PMID: 38098943 PMCID: PMC10720669 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1295916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system (CNS) degenerative disorder, is caused by various factors including β-amyloid toxicity, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, oxidative stress, and others. The dysfunction of microglia has been associated with the onset and advancement of different neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD. The gut of mammals harbors a vast and complex population of microorganisms, commonly referred to as the microbiota. There's a growing recognition that these gut microbes are intrinsically intertwined with mammalian physiology. Through the circulation of metabolites, they establish metabolic symbiosis, enhance immune function, and establish communication with different remote cells, including those in the brain. The gut microbiome plays a crucial part in influencing the development and performance of microglia, as indicated by recent preclinical studies. Dysbiosis of the intestinal flora leads to alterations in the microglia transcriptome that regulate the interconversion of microglia subtypes. This conversation explores recent research that clarifies how gut bacteria, their byproducts, and harmful elements affect the activation and characteristics of microglia. This understanding opens doors to innovative microbial-based therapeutic strategies for early identification and treatment goals in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jing Wu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Wei
- School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Breast Oncology, Lishui University Medical College, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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Fan L, Xia Y, Wang Y, Han D, Liu Y, Li J, Fu J, Wang L, Gan Z, Liu B, Fu J, Zhu C, Wu Z, Zhao J, Han H, Wu H, He Y, Tang Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhang F, Zong X, Yin J, Zhou X, Yang X, Wang J, Yin Y, Ren W. Gut microbiota bridges dietary nutrients and host immunity. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2466-2514. [PMID: 37286860 PMCID: PMC10247344 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary nutrients and the gut microbiota are increasingly recognized to cross-regulate and entrain each other, and thus affect host health and immune-mediated diseases. Here, we systematically review the current understanding linking dietary nutrients to gut microbiota-host immune interactions, emphasizing how this axis might influence host immunity in health and diseases. Of relevance, we highlight that the implications of gut microbiota-targeted dietary intervention could be harnessed in orchestrating a spectrum of immune-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Fan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Youxia Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, 712100, China
| | - Jiahuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Fu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Leli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Zhending Gan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bingnan Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jian Fu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Congrui Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Han
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yiwen He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Qingzhuo Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, 712100, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, 712100, China
| | - Xin Zong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xi'an, 712100, China.
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Novak EA, Crawford EC, Mentrup HL, Griffith BD, Fletcher DM, Flanagan MR, Schneider C, Firek B, Rogers MB, Morowitz MJ, Piganelli JD, Wang Q, Mollen KP. Epithelial NAD + depletion drives mitochondrial dysfunction and contributes to intestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1231700. [PMID: 37744380 PMCID: PMC10512956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have previously demonstrated that a pathologic downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) within the intestinal epithelium contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanism underlying downregulation of PGC1α expression and activity during IBD is not yet clear. Methods Mice (male; C57Bl/6, Villincre/+;Pgc1afl/fl mice, and Pgc1afl/fl) were subjected to experimental colitis and treated with nicotinamide riboside. Western blot, high-resolution respirometry, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) quantification, and immunoprecipitation were used to in this study. Results We demonstrate a significant depletion in the NAD+ levels within the intestinal epithelium of mice undergoing experimental colitis, as well as humans with ulcerative colitis. While we found no decrease in the levels of NAD+-synthesizing enzymes within the intestinal epithelium of mice undergoing experimental colitis, we did find an increase in the mRNA level, as well as the enzymatic activity, of the NAD+-consuming enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1). Treatment of mice undergoing experimental colitis with an NAD+ precursor reduced the severity of colitis, restored mitochondrial function, and increased active PGC1α levels; however, NAD+ repletion did not benefit transgenic mice that lack PGC1α within the intestinal epithelium, suggesting that the therapeutic effects require an intact PGC1α axis. Discussion Our results emphasize the importance of PGC1α expression to both mitochondrial health and homeostasis within the intestinal epithelium and suggest a novel therapeutic approach for disease management. These findings also provide a mechanistic basis for clinical trials of nicotinamide riboside in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Novak
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erin C. Crawford
- Division of Gastroenterology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Heather L. Mentrup
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian D. Griffith
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David M. Fletcher
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Corinne Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian Firek
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew B. Rogers
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael J. Morowitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jon D. Piganelli
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kevin P. Mollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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9
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Alegre GFS, Pastore GM. NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:445-464. [PMID: 37273100 PMCID: PMC10240123 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW NAD+ is a vital molecule that takes part as a redox cofactor in several metabolic reactions besides being used as a substrate in important cellular signaling in regulation pathways for energetic, genotoxic, and infectious stress. In stress conditions, NAD+ biosynthesis and levels decrease as well as the activity of consuming enzymes rises. Dietary precursors can promote NAD+ biosynthesis and increase intracellular levels, being a potential strategy for reversing physiological decline and preventing diseases. In this review, we will show the biochemistry and metabolism of NAD+ precursors NR (nicotinamide riboside) and NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide), the latest findings on their beneficial physiological effects, their interplay with gut microbiota, and the future perspectives for research in nutrition and food science fields. RECENT FINDINGS NMN and NR demonstrated protect against diabetes, Alzheimer disease, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. They also reverse gut dysbiosis and promote beneficial effects at intestinal and extraintestinal levels. NR and NMN have been found in vegetables, meat, and milk, and microorganisms in fermented beverages can also produce them. NMN and NR can be obtained through the diet either in their free form or as metabolites derivate from the digestion of NAD+. The prospection of NR and NMN to find potential food sources and their dietary contribution in increasing NAD+ levels are still an unexplored field of research. Moreover, it could enable the development of new functional foods and processing strategies to maintain and enhance their physiological benefits, besides the studies of new raw materials for extraction and biotechnological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fabiana Soares Alegre
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Bioflavours and Bioactive Compounds-Rua Monteiro Lobato, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" Barão Geraldo, 80-CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Bioflavours and Bioactive Compounds-Rua Monteiro Lobato, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" Barão Geraldo, 80-CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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10
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Biţă A, Scorei IR, Ciocîlteu MV, Nicolaescu OE, Pîrvu AS, Bejenaru LE, Rău G, Bejenaru C, Radu A, Neamţu J, Mogoşanu GD, Benner SA. Nicotinamide Riboside, a Promising Vitamin B 3 Derivative for Healthy Aging and Longevity: Current Research and Perspectives. Molecules 2023; 28:6078. [PMID: 37630330 PMCID: PMC10459282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have suggested that the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is involved in an extensive spectrum of human pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiomyopathy, obesity, and diabetes. Further, healthy aging and longevity appear to be closely related to NAD+ and its related metabolites, including nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). As a dietary supplement, NR appears to be well tolerated, having better pharmacodynamics and greater potency. Unfortunately, NR is a reactive molecule, often unstable during its manufacturing, transport, and storage. Recently, work related to prebiotic chemistry discovered that NR borate is considerably more stable than NR itself. However, immediately upon consumption, the borate dissociates from the NR borate and is lost in the body through dilution and binding to other species, notably carbohydrates such as fructose and glucose. The NR left behind is expected to behave pharmacologically in ways identical to NR itself. This review provides a comprehensive summary (through Q1 of 2023) of the literature that makes the case for the consumption of NR as a dietary supplement. It then summarizes the challenges of delivering quality NR to consumers using standard synthesis, manufacture, shipping, and storage approaches. It concludes by outlining the advantages of NR borate in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Biţă
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania; (A.B.); (L.E.B.); (G.D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Dolj County, Romania; (M.V.C.); (G.R.); (J.N.)
| | - Ion Romulus Scorei
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Dolj County, Romania; (M.V.C.); (G.R.); (J.N.)
| | - Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Dolj County, Romania; (M.V.C.); (G.R.); (J.N.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania
| | - Oana Elena Nicolaescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania;
| | - Andreea Silvia Pîrvu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania;
| | - Ludovic Everard Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania; (A.B.); (L.E.B.); (G.D.M.)
| | - Gabriela Rău
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Dolj County, Romania; (M.V.C.); (G.R.); (J.N.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania
| | - Cornelia Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania; (C.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonia Radu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania; (C.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Johny Neamţu
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Dolj County, Romania; (M.V.C.); (G.R.); (J.N.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania
| | - George Dan Mogoşanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj County, Romania; (A.B.); (L.E.B.); (G.D.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, BioBoron Research Institute, S.C. Natural Research S.R.L., 31B Dunării Street, 207465 Podari, Dolj County, Romania; (M.V.C.); (G.R.); (J.N.)
| | - Steven A. Benner
- Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution (FfAME), 13709 Progress Avenue, Room N112, Alachua, FL 32615, USA;
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11
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Rupanagunta GP, Nandave M, Rawat D, Upadhyay J, Rashid S, Ansari MN. Postpartum depression: aetiology, pathogenesis and the role of nutrients and dietary supplements in prevention and management. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:1274-1293. [PMID: 37304359 PMCID: PMC10250836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a challenging psychological disorder faced by 10-30% of mothers across the globe. In India, it occurs among 22% of mothers. Its aetiology and pathophysiology aren't fully understood as of today but multiple theories on the interplay of hormones, neurotransmitters, genetics, epigenetics, nutrients, socio-environmental factors, etc. exist. Nutrients are not only essential for the synthesis of neurotransmitters, but they may also indirectly influence genomic pathways that methylate DNA, and there is evidence for molecular associations between nutritional quality and psychological well-being. Increased behavioural disorders have been attributed to macro- and micronutrient deficiencies, and dietary supplementation has been effective in treating several neuropsychiatric illnesses. Nutritional deficiencies occur frequently in women, especially during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive literature review of evidence-based research in order to identify, gather and summarize existing knowledge on PPD's aetiology, pathophysiology, and the role of nutrients in its prevention as well as management. The possible mechanisms of action of nutrients are also presented here. Study findings show that the risk of depression increases when omega-3 fatty acid levels are low. Both fish oil and folic acid supplements have been used to effectively treat depression. Antidepressant efficacy is lowered by folate insufficiency. Folate, vitamin B12, iron, etc. deficiencies are more prevalent in depressed people than in non-depressed people. Serum cholesterol levels and plasma tryptophan levels are found to be inversely correlated with PPD. Serum vitamin D levels were associated inversely with perinatal depression. These findings highlight the importance of adequate nutrition in the antepartum period. Given that nutritional therapies can be affordable, safe, simple to use, and are typically well-accepted by patients, more focus should be placed on dietary variables in PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gnana Prasoona Rupanagunta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres Campus, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), MB Road, Pushp Vihar, Sector 3, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Divya Rawat
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres Campus, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jyoti Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres Campus, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Liu L, Wang H, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xie P. Gut microbiota and its metabolites in depression: from pathogenesis to treatment. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104527. [PMID: 36963238 PMCID: PMC10051028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is one of the most disabling mental disorders worldwide. Increasing preclinical and clinical studies have highlighted that compositional and functional (e.g., metabolite) changes in gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, are associated with the onset and progression of depression via regulating the gut-brain axis. However, the gut microbiota and their metabolites present a double-edged sword in depression. Dysbiosis is involved in the pathogenesis of depression while, at the same time, offering a novel therapeutic target. In this review, we describe the association between dysbiosis and depression, drug-microbiota interactions in antidepressant treatment, and the potential health benefits of microbial-targeted therapeutics in depression, including dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics. With the emergence of microbial research, we describe a new direction for future research and clinical treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hanping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 401147, China.
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13
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Zhang M, Li A, Yang Q, Li J, Zheng L, Wang G, Sun Y, Huang Y, Zhang M, Song Z, Liu L. Matrine alleviates depressive-like behaviors via modulating microbiota-gut-brain axis in CUMS-induced mice. J Transl Med 2023; 21:145. [PMID: 36829227 PMCID: PMC9951532 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The realization of the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis plays a critical role in neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly depression, is advancing rapidly. Matrine is a natural bioactive compound, which has been found to possess potential antidepressant effect. However, the underlying mechanisms of regulation of the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis in the treatment of depression by oral matrine remain elusive. METHODS Its antidepressant effects were initially evaluated by behavioral tests and relative levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, and matrine has been observed to attenuate the depression-like behavior and increase neurotransmitter content in CUMS-induced mice. Subsequently, studies from the "gut" to "brain" were conducted, including detection of the composition of gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing; the metabolomics detection of gut metabolites and the analysis of differential metabolic pathways; the assessment of relative levels of diamine oxidase, lipopolysaccharide, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by ELISA kits or immunofluorescence. RESULTS Matrine could regulate the disturbance of gut microbiota and metabolites, restore intestinal permeability, and reduce intestinal inflammation, thereby reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood circulation and brain regions, and ultimately increase the levels of BDNF in brain. CONCLUSION Matrine may ameliorate CUMS-induced depression in mice by modulating the "microbiota-gut-brain" axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China ,grid.411407.70000 0004 1760 2614Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aoqiang Li
- grid.411407.70000 0004 1760 2614Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifang Yang
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Zheng
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guannan Wang
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Muqing Zhang
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Zhenbo Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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14
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Ebokaiwe AP, Obasi DO, Obeten U, Onyemuche T. Rutin co-treatment prevented cognitive impairment/depression-like behavior and decreased IDO activation following 35 days of ethanol administration in male Wistar rats. Alcohol 2023; 106:22-29. [PMID: 36306976 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol (ethanol) is among the most popularly consumed beverages globally. Ethanol was earlier demonstrated to elicit cognitive impairment and depressive-like effects in both human and animal studies. Rutin (R) is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-depressive properties, among others. Herein, we investigate the impact of rutin on ethanol-induced cognitive impairment and depressive-like effects in rats and the involvement of the indoleaminergic pathway. Three groups of eight rats each were orally exposed to drinking water (group 1), ethanol (5 g/kg body weight)-group 2 (via oral gavage), and ethanol + R (5 g/kg body weight + 50 mg/kg body weight)-group 3 (via oral gavage) for 35 days. Results showed that exposure to ethanol significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze and increased immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST), which indicates cognitive impairment and depressive-like behavior in rats. We observed increased IDO activity/expression, and inflammatory responses, with attendant disruption in antioxidant systems and concomitant elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Following rutin co-exposure, an ethanol-mediated increase in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase [IDO] activity/expression and decrease in antioxidant enzymes, in addition to an increase in markers of inflammatory response and MDA production, was significantly (p < 0.0001) prevented compared with controls. Additionally, altered behavioral indices were prevented by rutin co-exposure. Taken together, these findings reveal the involvement of the indoleaminergic pathway in rutin preventive influence against ethanol-induced cognitive impairment and depressive-like behavior in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azubuike Peter Ebokaiwe
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
| | - Doris Olachi Obasi
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Uket Obeten
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Tochukwu Onyemuche
- Toxicology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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15
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Lapatto HA, Kuusela M, Heikkinen A, Muniandy M, van der Kolk BW, Gopalakrishnan S, Pöllänen N, Sandvik M, Schmidt MS, Heinonen S, Saari S, Kuula J, Hakkarainen A, Tampio J, Saarinen T, Taskinen MR, Lundbom N, Groop PH, Tiirola M, Katajisto P, Lehtonen M, Brenner C, Kaprio J, Pekkala S, Ollikainen M, Pietiläinen KH, Pirinen E. Nicotinamide riboside improves muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, satellite cell differentiation, and gut microbiota in a twin study. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5163. [PMID: 36638183 PMCID: PMC9839336 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) has emerged as a promising compound to improve obesity-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic syndrome in mice. However, most short-term clinical trials conducted so far have not reported positive outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether long-term NR supplementation boosts mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic health in humans. Twenty body mass index (BMI)-discordant monozygotic twin pairs were supplemented with an escalating dose of NR (250 to 1000 mg/day) for 5 months. NR improved systemic NAD+ metabolism, muscle mitochondrial number, myoblast differentiation, and gut microbiota composition in both cotwins. NR also showed a capacity to modulate epigenetic control of gene expression in muscle and adipose tissue in both cotwins. However, NR did not ameliorate adiposity or metabolic health. Overall, our results suggest that NR acts as a potent modifier of NAD+ metabolism, muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and stem cell function, gut microbiota, and DNA methylation in humans irrespective of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena A. K. Lapatto
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Kuusela
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Heikkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maheswary Muniandy
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Birgitta W. van der Kolk
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Noora Pöllänen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Sandvik
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark S. Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sina Saari
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Kuula
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Tampio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuure Saarinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marja Tiirola
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Healthy Weight Hub, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90220 Oulu, Finland
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16
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Yao H, Zhang D, Yu H, Yuan H, Shen H, Lan X, Liu H, Chen X, Meng F, Wu X, Zhang G, Wang X. Gut microbiota regulates chronic ethanol exposure-induced depressive-like behavior through hippocampal NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:919-930. [PMID: 36280756 PMCID: PMC9908543 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol exposure (CEE), which can lead to neuroinflammation, is an increasing risk factor for depression disorder, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Recent observations have revealed the associations among psychiatric disorders, ethanol exposure and alterations of the gut microbiota. Here, we found that CEE induced depressive-like behavior, which could be alleviated by probiotics and transferred from donor to recipient mice by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Neuroinflammation and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome were also observed in recipient mice. The downregulation of NLRP3 in the hippocampus mitigated CEE-induced depressive-like behavior and neuroinflammation but had no significant effect on FMT recipient mice. Moreover, elevated serum inflammatory factors in recipient mice showed a significant mediation effect between the gut microbiota and depressive-like behavior. Together, our study findings indicate that the gut microbiota contributes to both hippocampal NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation and depressive-like behavior induced by CEE, which may open avenues for potential interventions against CEE-associated psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China
| | - Dalin Zhang
- grid.412636.40000 0004 1757 9485Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China
| | - Huiya Yuan
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China
| | - Hui Shen
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China
| | - Xinze Lan
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China
| | - Xiaohuan Chen
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China
| | - Fanyue Meng
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China
| | - Xu Wu
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China ,grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 110122 Liaoning PR China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, PR China. .,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, PR China. .,China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, PR China. .,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, PR China. .,China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, PR China.
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17
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Li Y, Yang L, Li J, Gao W, Zhao Z, Dong K, Duan W, Dai B, Guo R. Antidepression of Xingpijieyu formula targets gut microbiota derived from depressive disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:669-681. [PMID: 36550591 PMCID: PMC9873506 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This investigation aims to determine the antidepressant role of Xingpijieyu formula (XPJYF) mediated via gut microbiota (GM)-brain axis. METHODS We collected fecal microbiota from patients with depressive disorder (DD) and cultured microbiota in vitro. Some of microbiota were transplanted into germ-free rats with the intragastric administration of XPJYF grain at the dose of 1.533 g/kg/day. The behaviors were studied by forced swimming test, open field test, sucrose preference test, and body weight. Products of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, neurotransmitter, and serum cytokines were investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biomarker of astrocyte, was quantified using immunofluorescence. Microbiota culturing in vitro after XPJYF treatment was analyze by 16 s RNA sequencing technology. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic activated rat primary astrocyte in vitro. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cytokines, and oxidative stress factors were determined by western blotting, and glycometabolism in astrocyte was investigated by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) uptake, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) kits. RESULTS Microbiota composition during 8 mg/ml of XPJYF (H12-8) for 12 h showed the more consistency. Lactococcus is enriched in DD-derived microbiota composition, and Biffdobacterium and Lactobacillus in H12-8 group. GLUCOSE1PMETAB-PWY and PWY-7328 of which biofunctions were dominantly encoded by Biffdobacterium were the top two of altered pathways. XPJYF improved behaviors and repressed astrocyte activation in depression rats. XPJYF elevated 2-DG uptake, ATP, glucose-1-phosphate, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and inhibited cytokines and oxidative stress in LPS-induced astrocyte. CONCLUSION XPJYF treatment targets inflammation, activation, and glycometabolim in astrocyte via gut microbiota modulation, thereby improve animal behaviors, HPA axis dysfunction, and neurotransmitter synthesis in depression rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Li
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Lixuan Yang
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Junnan Li
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Mental HealthTsinghua University Yuquan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Kaiqiang Dong
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wenzhe Duan
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Baoan Dai
- Second Clinical Medical CollegeBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina,Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Rongjuan Guo
- Department of NeurologyDongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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Wang P, Zhang X, Zheng X, Gao J, Shang M, Xu J, Liang H. Folic Acid Protects against Hyperuricemia in C57BL/6J Mice via Ameliorating Gut-Kidney Axis Dysfunction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15787-15803. [PMID: 36473110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Emerging lines of research evidence point to a vital role of gut-kidney axis in the development of hyperuricemia (HUA), which has been identified as an increasing burden worldwide due to the high prevalence. The involved crosstalk which links the metabolic and immune-related pathways is mainly responsible for maintaining the axial homeostasis of uric acid (UA) metabolism. Nowadays, the urate-lowering drugs only aim to treat acute gouty arthritis as a result of their controversial clinical application in HUA. In this study, we established the HUA model of C57BL/6J mice to evaluate the effectiveness of folic acid on UA metabolism and further explored the underlying mechanisms. Folic acid attenuated the kidney tissue injury and excretion dysfunction, as well as the typical fibrosis in HUA mice. Molecular docking results also revealed the structure-activity relationship of the folic acid metabolic unit and the UA transporters GLUT9 and URAT1, implying the potential interaction. Also, folic acid alleviated HUA-induced Th17/Treg imbalance and intestinal tissue damage and inhibited the active state of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, which is closely associated with the circulating LPS level caused by the impaired intestinal permeability. Furthermore, the changes of intestinal microecology induced by HUA were restored by folic acid, including the alteration in the structure and species composition of the gut microbiome community, and metabolite short-chain fatty acids. Collectively, this study revealed that folic acid intervention exerted improving effects on HUA by ameliorating gut-kidney axis dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingru Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengfei Shang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinghan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China
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Agnihotri N, Mohajeri MH. Involvement of Intestinal Microbiota in Adult Neurogenesis and the Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415934. [PMID: 36555576 PMCID: PMC9783874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests a possible involvement of the intestinal microbiota in generating new neurons, but a detailed breakdown of the microbiota composition is lacking. In this report, we systematically reviewed preclinical rodent reports addressing the connection between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and neurogenesis and neurogenesis-affecting neurotrophins in the hippocampus. Various changes in bacterial composition from low taxonomic resolution at the phylum level to high taxonomic resolution at the species level were identified. As for neurogenesis, studies predominantly used doublecortin (DCX) as a marker of newly formed neurons or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) as a marker of proliferation. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was the only neurotrophin found researched in relation to the intestinal microbiota. Phylum Actinobacteria, genus Bifidobacterium and genus Lactobacillus found the strongest positive. In contrast, phylum Firmicutes, phylum Bacteroidetes, and family Enterobacteriaceae, as well as germ-free status, showed the strongest negative correlation towards neurogenesis or BDNF mRNA expression. Age, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), obesity, and chronic stress were recurring topics in all studies identified. Overall, these findings add to the existing evidence of a connection between microbiota and processes in the brain. To better understand this interaction, further investigation based on analyses of higher taxonomic resolution and clinical studies would be a gain to the matter.
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20
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Antidepressive Effect of Natural Products and Their Derivatives Targeting BDNF-TrkB in Gut-Brain Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314968. [PMID: 36499295 PMCID: PMC9737781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern neurological approaches enable detailed studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. An imbalance in the microbiota-gut-brain axis contributes to the pathogenesis of depression. This extensive review aimed to elucidate the antidepressive effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-targeting therapeutic natural products and their derivatives on the gut-brain axis. This information could facilitate the development of novel antidepressant drugs. BDNF is crucial for neuronal genesis, growth, differentiation, survival, plasticity, and synaptic transmission. Signaling via BDNF and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) plays a vital role in the etiopathogenesis of depression and the therapeutic mechanism of antidepressants. This comprehensive review provides information to researchers and scientists for the identification of novel therapeutic approaches for neuropsychiatric disorders, especially depression and stress. Future research should aim to determine the possible causative role of BDNF-TrkB in the gut-brain axis in depression, which will require further animal and clinical research as well as the development of analytical approaches.
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21
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Guo Y, Yan M, Li L, Zhao L, Li Y. Treadmill Exercise Prevents Cognitive Impairments in Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Rats by Reducing the Excessive Activation of Microglia Cell in the Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314701. [PMID: 36499029 PMCID: PMC9740642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive activation of microglia cell induced by adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) leads to neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. The endocannabinoid system plays a key role in the modulation of microglia activation. Accumulating evidence suggests that regular exercise improves learning and memory deficits in AIE models. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of treadmill exercise intervention on the cognitive performance, activation of microglia cells and the expression of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) in the hippocampus of AIE rats. Here, we show that AIE rats exhibited cognitive impairments, whereas the treadmill exercise improves the cognitive performance in AIE rats. In order to explore the possible mechanisms for the exercise-induced attenuation of cognitive disorder, we examined the neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. We found that treadmill exercise led to the decrease in the level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and the increase in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). In addition, we found that treadmill exercise reduced the excessive activation of the microglia cell in the hippocampus of AIE rats. Finally, we found that AIE led to a decrease in the expression of CB1R and CB2R in the hippocampus; however, the treadmill exercise further decreased the expression of CB2R in the hippocampus of AIE rats. Our results suggest that treadmill exercise attenuates AIE-induced neuroinflammation and the excessive activation of hippocampus microglial cells, which may contribute to the exercise-induced improvement of cognitive performance in AIE rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Guo
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Wu X, Cao G, Wang Z, Wu X, Tian X, Gu Y, Shao F, Yan T. Antibiotic ampicillin induces immune tolerance in renal transplantation by regulating the proportion of intestinal flora in mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1048076. [DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1048076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThere are significant differences in the composition of intestinal flora in renal transplant recipients before and after an operation, which has a great impact on the prognosis of renal transplantation. The purpose of this project is to study the effect of intestinal flora imbalance on renal transplantation.MethodsThe animal model of renal transplantation was established after intestinal flora imbalance (mice pretreated with compound antibiotics), or the animal model of renal transplantation was established after being pretreated with single antibiotics. HE, PAS, and Masson staining was used to detecting the histopathological changes of transplanted renal. The expression of inflammatory factors and infiltration of inflammatory cells of renal tissue were respectively been detected by ELISA kit and flow cytometry.ResultsAntibiotic pretreatment restored weight loss, and decreased serum creatinine level in mice after renal transplantation. The tissue staining, ELISA assay, and flow cytometry data showed that antibiotic pretreatment alleviated injury of the renal allograft, inhibited the inflammatory factors levels, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in mice after renal transplantation. Furthermore, single antibiotic, especially ampicillin pretreatment can also play the same role as compound antibiotics, such as restoring weight loss, decreasing serum creatinine level, alleviating renal allograft injury, inhibiting inflammatory factors levels, and reducing inflammatory cell infiltration in mice after renal transplantation.ConclusionsAntibiotic ampicillin may inhibit inflammatory cell infiltration after renal transplantation by regulating the proportion of intestinal flora in mice, to reduce renal injury and play a role in renal protection.
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23
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Wu SX, Li J, Zhou DD, Xiong RG, Huang SY, Saimaiti A, Shang A, Li HB. Possible Effects and Mechanisms of Dietary Natural Products and Nutrients on Depression and Anxiety: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2132. [PMID: 36358502 PMCID: PMC9686692 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are severe public health problems and have attracted more and more attention from researchers of food science and nutrition. Dietary natural products and nutrients, such as fish, coffee, tea, n-3 PUFA, lycopene, and dietary fiber, could play a vital role in the prevention and management of these diseases. The potential mechanisms of action mainly include inhibiting inflammation, ameliorating oxidative stress, modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis, suppressing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity, and regulating the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters. In this narrative review, we summarize the most recent advancements regarding the effects of dietary natural products and nutrients on depression and anxiety, and their underlying mechanisms are discussed. We hope that this paper can provide a better understanding of the anti-depressive and anxiolytic action of dietary natural products, and that it is also helpful for developing dietary natural products for functional food, dietary supplements, or auxiliary agents for the prevention and management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Xia Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Adila Saimaiti
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ao Shang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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24
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Zhang H, Zuo Y, Zhao H, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wang P, Sun L, Zhang H, Liang H. Folic acid ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury via gut–liver axis homeostasis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:989311. [PMID: 36337656 PMCID: PMC9632181 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.989311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut–liver axis (GLA) plays an important role in the development of alcohol-induced liver injury. Alcohol consumption is typically associated with folic acid deficiency. However, no clear evidence has confirmed the effect of folic acid supplementation on alcohol-induced liver injury via GLA homeostasis. In this study, male C57BL/6J mice were given 56% (v/v) ethanol and 5.0 mg/kg folic acid daily by gavage for 10 weeks to investigate potential protective mechanisms of folic acid in alcohol-induced liver injury via GLA homeostasis. Histopathological and biochemical analyses showed that folic acid improved lipid deposition and inflammation in the liver caused by alcohol consumption and decreased the level of ALT, AST, TG, and LPS in serum. Folic acid inhibited the expression of the TLR4 signaling pathway and its downstream inflammatory mediators in the liver and upregulated the expression of ZO-1, claudin 1, and occludin in the intestine. But compared with the CON group, folic acid did not completely eliminate alcohol-induced intestine and liver injury. Furthermore, folic acid regulated alcohol-induced alterations in gut microbiota. In alcohol-exposed mice, the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was significantly increased, and the relative abundance of unclassified_Lachnospiraceae was significantly decreased. Folic acid supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Akkermansia, and decreased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria. The results of Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that serum parameters and hepatic inflammatory cytokines were significantly correlated with several bacteria, mainly including Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and unclassified_Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, folic acid could ameliorate alcohol-induced liver injury in mice via GLA homeostasis to some extent, providing a new idea and method for prevention of alcohol-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuwei Zuo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huichao Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lirui Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Liang,
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25
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Chu X, Hou Y, Meng Q, Croteau DL, Wei Y, De S, Becker KG, Bohr VA. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide supplementation drives gut microbiota variation in Alzheimer’s mouse model. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:993615. [PMID: 36185477 PMCID: PMC9520302 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.993615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Growing evidence suggests an important role for gut dysbiosis and gut microbiota-host interactions in aging and neurodegeneration. Our previous works have demonstrated that supplementation with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor, nicotinamide riboside (NR), reduced the brain features of AD, including neuroinflammation, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. However, the impact of NR administration on the intestinal microbiota of AD remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and NR treatment in APP/PS1 transgenic (AD) mice. Compared with wild type (WT) mice, the gut microbiota diversity in AD mice was lower and the microbiota composition and enterotype were significantly different. Moreover, there were gender differences in gut microbiome between female and male AD mice. After supplementation with NR for 8 weeks, the decreased diversity and perturbated microbial compositions were normalized in AD mice. This included the species Oscillospira, Butyricicoccus, Desulfovibrio, Bifidobacterium, Olsenella, Adlercreutzia, Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and Lactobacillus. Our results indicate an interplay between NR and host-microbiota in APP/PS1 mice, suggesting that the effect of NR on gut dysbiosis may be an important component in its therapeutic functions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixia Chu
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yujun Hou
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Meng
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deborah L. Croteau
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yong Wei
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vilhelm A. Bohr
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Vilhelm A. Bohr,
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Yao H, Zhang D, Yu H, Shen H, Lan X, Liu H, Chen X, Wu X, Zhang G, Wang X. Chronic ethanol exposure induced anxiety‐like behaviour by altering gut microbiota and GABA system. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13203. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Department of Forensic Pathology China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine Shenyang Liaoning China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio‐evidence Sciences Shenyang Liaoning China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Dalin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery The 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Forensic Pathology China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine Shenyang Liaoning China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio‐evidence Sciences Shenyang Liaoning China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Forensic Pathology China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine Shenyang Liaoning China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio‐evidence Sciences Shenyang Liaoning China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Xinze Lan
- Department of Forensic Pathology China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine Shenyang Liaoning China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio‐evidence Sciences Shenyang Liaoning China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Forensic Pathology China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine Shenyang Liaoning China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio‐evidence Sciences Shenyang Liaoning China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Xiaohuan Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine Shenyang Liaoning China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio‐evidence Sciences Shenyang Liaoning China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Forensic Pathology China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine Shenyang Liaoning China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio‐evidence Sciences Shenyang Liaoning China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine Shenyang Liaoning China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio‐evidence Sciences Shenyang Liaoning China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine Shenyang Liaoning China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio‐evidence Sciences Shenyang Liaoning China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation Shenyang Liaoning China
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27
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Acute Treatment with Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride Reduces Hippocampal Damage and Preserves the Cognitive Function of Mice with Ischemic Injury. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2244-2253. [PMID: 35585298 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a critical cosubstrate for enzymes involved in supplying energy to the brain. Nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD+ precursor, emerges as a neuroprotective factor after chronic brain insults. However, researchers have not determined whether it improves cognition after acute ischemia. In the present study, mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion were treated with NR chloride (NRC, 300 mg/kg, IP., 20 min after reperfusion). The results of the Morris water maze test revealed better recovery of learning and memory function in the NRC-treated group. Acute NRC treatment decreased hippocampal infarct volume, reduced neuronal loss and apoptosis in the hippocampus. Western blot and high-performance liquid chromatography assays of hippocampal tissues revealed that the activation of Sirtin-1 and adenosine 5' monophosphate-activated protein kinase was increased, the NAD content was elevated, and the production of adenosine triphosphate was strengthened by NRC. Collectively, acute NRC treatment increased the energy supply, reduced the neuronal loss and apoptosis, protected the hippocampus and ultimately promoted the recovery of cognitive function after brain ischemia.
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28
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Teng X, Guo P, Zuo Y, Zhao H, Wang P, Liang H. Garlic oil alleviates high triglyceride levels in alcohol‐exposed rats by inhibiting liver oxidative stress and regulating the intestinal barrier and intestinal flora. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2479-2495. [PMID: 35959265 PMCID: PMC9361452 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Xiangyun Teng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Peiyu Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yuwei Zuo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public Health Qingdao University Qingdao China
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Wang P, Guo P, Wang Y, Teng X, Zhang H, Sun L, Xue M, Liang H. Propolis Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Depressive Symptoms in C57BL/6J Mice by Regulating Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function and Inflammatory Reaction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061213. [PMID: 35334870 PMCID: PMC8950298 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to a critical role of the brain gut axis as an important paradigm for many central nervous system diseases. Recent studies suggest that propolis has obvious neuroprotective properties and functionality in regulating intestinal bacteria flora, hinting at a potential key effect at both terminals of this axis regulation. However, currently no clear evidence confirms the effects of propolis on alcohol-induced depression. Here, we establish an alcoholic depression model with C57BL/6J mice and demonstrate that treatment with propolis protects against alcohol-induced depressive symptoms by behavioral tests. In addition, propolis attenuates the injury of nerve cells in the hippocampal region and restores the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine (DA) in mice with alcohol-induced depression. Pathology and biotin tracer assays show that propolis repairs the intestinal leakage caused by alcohol. Additionally, propolis treatment increases the expression levels of intestinal intercellular tight junctions’ (TJs’) structural proteins Claudin-1, Occludin and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), as well as the activation state of the liver kinase B1/AMP-activated protein kinase (LKB1/AMPK) signaling pathway, which is closely related to the intestinal permeability. Furthermore, propolis can reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and fatty-acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2), suggesting the significance of the inflammatory response in alcoholic depression. Collectively, our findings indicate that propolis exerted an improving effect on alcohol-induced depressive symptoms by ameliorating brain gut dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Peiyu Guo
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Yanhui Wang
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Xiangyun Teng
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Lirui Sun
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Meilan Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University of Medicine, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Hui Liang
- The Institute of Human Nutrition, Qingdao University, Ning Xia Road 308, Qingdao 266071, China; (P.W.); (P.G.); (Y.W.); (X.T.); (H.Z.); (L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-83812434
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Metabolic Disease, NAD Metabolism, Nicotinamide Riboside, and the Gut Microbiome: Connecting the Dots from the Gut to Physiology. mSystems 2022; 7:e0122321. [PMID: 35076274 PMCID: PMC8788318 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01223-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effort to use nutrients as interventions to treat human disease has been important to medicine. A current example in this vein pertains to NAD+ boosters, such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), which are in many clinical trials in a variety of disease conditions. Independent laboratories have shown that ingested NR (or NMN) has mitigating effects on metabolic syndrome in mice. V. V. Lozada-Fernández, O. deLeon, S. L. Kellogg, F. L. Saravia, et al. (mSystems 7:e00230-21, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00230-21) show that NR shifts gut microbiome contents and that the transplantation of an NR-conditioned microbiome by fecal transfer reproduces some effects of NR in mice on a high-fat diet. The involvement of the gut microbiome as a factor in NR effects is linked to changes to the gut microbiome and its activity to transform NR and downstream catabolites. This commentary draws attention to these findings and focuses on some puzzling aspects of NAD+ boosters, exploring the still murky interactions between NAD+ metabolism, energy homeostasis, and the gut microbiome.
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Yao H, Zhang D, Yu H, Shen H, Lan X, Liu H, Chen X, Wu X, Zhang G, Wang X. AMPAkine CX516 alleviated chronic ethanol exposure-induced neurodegeneration and depressive-like behavior in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 439:115924. [PMID: 35181401 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol exposure (CEE) is associated with greater neurodegenerative effects and an increased risk of depression disorder. The AMPAR is thought to be involved in depression and a reduction in its GluA1 subunit was observed in the mouse hippocampus after CEE. AMPAkines are positive allosteric modulators of the AMPA receptor and have improved depressive-like behavior. However, the role of AMPARs in CEE-induced depressive-like behavior is not clear. It is unclear whether AMPAkines, positive allosteric agonists of AMPARs, protect against ethanol-induced depression. We investigated the effects of CX516 on ethanol-induced depressive-like behavior in a mouse model. CX516 (5 mg/kg) administration alleviated 20% (m/V) ethanol-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Furthermore, CX516 significantly diminished the inhibition of the ERK1/2-BDNF-TrkB pathway in the hippocampus of ethanol-exposed mice. In addition, CX516 attenuated the levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-1β), apoptosis (BAX, BCL-2), and neurodegeneration (FJC) in the mouse hippocampus induced by CEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Dalin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Xinze Lan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Xiaohuan Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China.
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China.
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32
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Xie X, Shu R, Yu C, Fu Z, Li Z. Mammalian AKT, the Emerging Roles on Mitochondrial Function in Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 13:157-174. [PMID: 35111368 PMCID: PMC8782557 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a crucial role in various diseases due to its roles in the regulation of energy production and cellular metabolism. Serine/threonine kinase (AKT) is a highly recognized antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-proliferation, and endocrine modulatory molecule. Interestingly, increasing studies have revealed that AKT can modulate mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, redox states, dynamic balance, autophagy, and metabolism. AKT thus plays multifaceted roles in mitochondrial function and is involved in the modulation of mitochondria-related diseases. This paper reviews the protective effects of AKT and its potential mechanisms of action in relation to mitochondrial function in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xie
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Shu
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunan Yu
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- 1College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zezhi Li
- 2Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Kim CK, Sachdev PS, Braidy N. Recent Neurotherapeutic Strategies to Promote Healthy Brain Aging: Are we there yet? Aging Dis 2022; 13:175-214. [PMID: 35111369 PMCID: PMC8782556 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the global exponential increase in population ageing, there is an urgent unmet need to develop reliable strategies to slow down and delay the ageing process. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in our contemporary society and represent a major socio-economic burden. There are several controversial factors that are thought to play a causal role in brain ageing which are continuously being examined in experimental models. Among them are oxidative stress and brain inflammation which are empirical to brain ageing. Although some candidate drugs have been developed which reduce the ageing phenotype, their clinical translation is limited. There are several strategies currently in development to improve brain ageing. These include strategies such as caloric restriction, ketogenic diet, promotion of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, removal of senescent cells, 'young blood' transfusions, enhancement of adult neurogenesis, stem cell therapy, vascular risk reduction, and non-pharmacological lifestyle strategies. Several studies have shown that these strategies can not only improve brain ageing by attenuating age-related neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, but also maintain cognitive function in a variety of pre-clinical experimental murine models. However, clinical evidence is limited and many of these strategies are awaiting findings from large-scale clinical trials which are nascent in the current literature. Further studies are needed to determine their long-term efficacy and lack of adverse effects in various tissues and organs to gain a greater understanding of their potential beneficial effects on brain ageing and health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Kyu Kim
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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34
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Gao L, Zhang Y, Sterling K, Song W. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer's disease and its pharmaceutical potential. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:4. [PMID: 35090576 PMCID: PMC8796548 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic abnormalities are a cardinal feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are known to arise as the disease progresses. A growing body of evidence suggests that pathological alterations to neuronal circuits and synapses may provide a mechanistic link between amyloid β (Aβ) and tau pathology and thus may serve as an obligatory relay of the cognitive impairment in AD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs) play an important role in maintaining synaptic plasticity in learning and memory. Considering AD as a synaptic disorder, BDNF has attracted increasing attention as a potential diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutical molecule for AD. Although depletion of BDNF has been linked with Aβ accumulation, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, the exact mechanisms underlying the effect of impaired BDNF signaling on AD are still unknown. Here, we present an overview of how BDNF genomic structure is connected to factors that regulate BDNF signaling. We then discuss the role of BDNF in AD and the potential of BDNF-targeting therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gao
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, 325001, Zhejiang, China.
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35
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Zhao H, Tian Y, Zuo Y, Zhang X, Gao Y, Wang P, Sun L, Zhang H, Liang H. Nicotinamide riboside ameliorates high-fructose-induced lipid metabolism disorder in mice via improving FGF21 resistance in the liver and white adipose tissue. Food Funct 2022; 13:12400-12411. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01934e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NR supplementation could ameliorate high-fructose-induced lipid metabolism disorder by improving FGF21 resistance in the liver and WAT, which may be related to the inflammation state mediated by SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yingjie Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuwei Zuo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yijun Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lirui Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
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36
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Neuroprotective effect of fucoidan by regulating gut-microbiota-brain axis in alcohol withdrawal mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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37
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de Castro JM, Stein DJ, Medeiros HR, de Oliveira C, Torres ILS. Nicotinamide Riboside Neutralizes Hypothalamic Inflammation and Increases Weight Loss Without Altering Muscle Mass in Obese Rats Under Calorie Restriction: A Preliminary Investigation. Front Nutr 2021; 8:648893. [PMID: 34589508 PMCID: PMC8475757 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.648893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity treatments, such as calorie restriction (CR), eventually lead to muscle wasting and higher rates of neuroinflammation, whereas hypothalamic inflammatory conditions impair body weight (BW) control. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) has been proposed against obesity but with little evidence on skeletal muscle tissue (SMT) and neuroinflammation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of CR on SMT and on hypothalamic inflammatory biomarkers in obese adult male Wistar rats, and whether NR supplementation alone or in combination with CR affects these parameters. Obesity was induced in rats through a cafeteria diet for 6 weeks. After that, a group of obese rats was exposed to CR, associated or not associated with NR supplementation (400 mg/kg), for another 4 weeks. As a result, obese rats, with or without CR, presented lower relative weight of SMT when compared with eutrophic rats. Rats under CR presented lower absolute SMT weight compared with obese and eutrophic rats, in addition to presenting elevated hypothalamic levels of TNF-α. NR supplementation, in all groups, enhanced weight loss and increased relative weight of the SMT. Furthermore, in animals under CR, NR reversed increases TNF-α levels in the hypothalamus. In this study, these data, although succinct, are the first to evidence the effects of NR on SMT and neuroinflammation when associated with CR, especially in obesity conditions. Therefore, this provides preliminary support for future studies in this investigative field. Furthermore, NR emerges as a potential adjuvant for preventing muscle mass loss in the weight loss processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josimar Macedo de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dirson João Stein
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helouise Richardt Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Iraci L S Torres
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Animal Experimentation Unit, Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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38
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Baihe Jizihuang Tang Ameliorates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behavior: Integrating Network Pharmacology and Brain-Gut Axis Evaluation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5554363. [PMID: 34475963 PMCID: PMC8407975 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5554363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Baihe Jizihuang Tang (BHT) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, which can also be used as a nutritional food with medicinal value. Herein, we aimed to clarify the antidepressive effects and molecular mechanism of BHT. Network pharmacological analysis; chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model assessment; behavioral tests; analysis of hippocampal neurotransmitter levels, hippocampal pathological structure, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; western blot analysis; 16s RNA sequencing; ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/mass spectrometry (MS); and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/ultraviolet (UV) analysis were used. We found 8 potentially active components and 12 targets from the database. KEGG analysis suggested that BHT significantly affected BDNF/tyrosine receptor kinase B levels, glutamate binding, synaptic transmission based on neurotransmitter signal, and the response to glucocorticoid signaling pathways. Consistently, 7 chemical components were identified using UPLC/quadrupole time-of-flight/MS; among them, regalosides A, B, C, and E were unique components of lily of TCM, and their content in BHT was significantly different: regaloside A > B > E > C. BHT could nourish hippocampal neurons, affect neurotransmitter metabolism, reduce HPA axis hyperactivity, improve deficits in hippocampal tissue structure, and change depressive behavior. Moreover, BHT regulated BDNF expression in the hippocampus and improved intestinal flora deficits in CUMS rats by changing the content of Bifidobacterium, Rothia, Glutamicibacter, and Lactobacillus at the genus level. Collectively, BHT attenuated CUMS-induced depression-like behavior by regulating BDNF and intestinal flora disorder through the brain-gut axis. Therefore, including BHT in the medication list may constitute a potential strategy for preventing depression.
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39
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Gut microbiota alteration and modulation in psychiatric disorders: Current evidence on fecal microbiota transplantation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110258. [PMID: 33497754 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The micro-organisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract, namely gut microbiota, form a dynamic population proper of each individual, mostly composed by bacteria which co-evolved symbiotically with human species. The advances of culture-independent techniques allowed the understanding of the multiple functions of the gut microbiota in human physiology and disease, the latter often recognising a predisposing condition in an imbalanced intestinal microbial ecosystem (dysbiosis). A complex mutual interconnection between the central nervous system (CNS), the intestine and the gut microbiota, known as "microbiota-gut-brain axis", has been hypothesized to play a pivotal role in maintaining central and peripheral functions, as well as mental health. Thus, dysbiosis with specific microbiota imbalances seems to be strongly associated with the onset psychiatric disorders by altering neurodevelopment, enhancing neurodegeneration, affecting behaviour and mood. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) consists of transferring the fecal matter from a donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a recipient, and it is used to quickly modulate the gut microbiota. This review focuses on the uses of FMT in psychiatric disorders. FMT has been used to induce dysbiosis and to study the disease development, or to heal dysbiosis-related mental disorders. Overall, FMT of impaired microbiota resulted effective in enhancing psychiatric-like disturbances (mainly depression and anxiety) in recipient animals, plausibly by impairing immune system, inflammatory and metabolic pathways, neurochemical processes and neuro-transmission. On the other side, preclinical and clinical data suggest that reversing or mitigating dysbiosis seems a promising strategy to restore behavioural impairments or to obtain psychiatric symptom relief. However, current evidence is limited by the lack of procedural standardization, the paucity of human studies in the vastity of psychiatric conditions and the need of a microbiota-targeted donor-recipient matching.
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40
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Liu C, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Qian H. Magnesium-L-threonate alleviate colonic inflammation and memory impairment in chronic-plus-binge alcohol feeding mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:184-193. [PMID: 34144203 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium-l-threonate (MgT) is considered a food supplement. Alcohol-mediated diseases (AMD) are accompanied by inflammation and memory impairment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the function of MgT in AMD. Hence, chronic-plus-binge alcohol feeding mice model and multiply bioinformatics analysis were performed. Consequently, the expression of inflammatory cytokines downregulated, while the activities of antioxidases decreased in serum, colon, and brain. Interestingly, MgT relieved gut barrier dysfunction and reshaped microbiota. The relative abundance of Akkermansia, Odoribacter, and Blautia were increased, while that of Alloprevotella and Clostridium were decreased. Metabolic analysis elucidated amino acids and glutamate metabolism were enhanced in MgT-treated mice. Furthermore, morris water maze test confirmed memory ability was enhanced. Inflammation cytokines were negatively correlated with Blautia, and Akkermansia. Collectively, MgT relieved inflammation in gut-brain axis of mice, reshaped gut microbiota, and enhanced the amino acids and glutamate metabolism. MgT may be used as a food supplement to prevent inflammation and memory impairment induced by alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
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Dall M, Hassing AS, Treebak JT. NAD + and NAFLD - caution, causality and careful optimism. J Physiol 2021; 600:1135-1154. [PMID: 33932956 DOI: 10.1113/jp280908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide, and new treatments are sorely needed. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) has been proposed as a potential target to prevent and reverse NAFLD. NAD+ is an important redox factor for energy metabolism and is used as a substrate by a range of enzymes, including sirtuins (SIRT), which regulates histone acetylation, transcription factor activity and mitochondrial function. NAD+ is also a precursor for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which is an important component of the antioxidant defense system. NAD+ precursors such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) are available as over-the-counter dietary supplements, and oral supplementation with these precursors increases hepatic NAD+ levels and prevents hepatic lipid accumulation in pre-clinical models of NAFLD. NAD+ precursors have also been found to improve hepatic mitochondrial function and decrease oxidative stress in pre-clinical NAFLD models. NAD+ repletion also prevents NAFLD progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), as NAD+ precursor supplementation is associated with decreased hepatic stellate cell activation, and decreased fibrosis. However, initial clinical trials have only shown modest effects when NAD+ precursors were administrated to people with obesity. We review the available pre-clinical investigations of NAD+ supplementation for targeting NAFLD, and discuss how data from the first clinical trials can be reconciled with observations from preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna S Hassing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhang M, Li A, Yang Q, Li J, Wang L, Liu X, Huang Y, Liu L. Beneficial Effect of Alkaloids From Sophora alopecuroides L. on CUMS-Induced Depression Model Mice via Modulating Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:665159. [PMID: 33954123 PMCID: PMC8089385 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.665159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It was recently shown that the gut microbiota of both depression patients and depression model animals is significantly altered, suggesting that gut microbes are closely related to depression. Here, we investigated the effects of Sophora alopecuroides L.-derived alkaloids on the gut microbiota of mice with depression-like behaviors. We first established a mouse model of depression via chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and detected changes in depression-like behaviors and depression-related indicators. Simultaneously, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to investigate gut microbiota changes. Sophora alopecuroides L.-derived alkaloids improved depression-like behaviors and depression-related indicators in mice. The alkaloids decreased the gut microbiota diversity of CUMS mice and depleted intestinal differentially abundant "harmful" microbiota genera. Spearman analysis showed that there is a certain correlation between the differential microbiota (Lactobacillus, Helicobacter, Oscillospira, Odoribacter, Mucispirillum, Ruminococcus), depression-like behaviors, and depression-related indicators. Combined with the predictive analysis of gut microbiota function, these results indicate that alkaloids improve depression in mice through modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Aoqiang Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qifang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuxian Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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Shen J, Wang Y, Yao K. Protection of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma: Current status and future. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108506. [PMID: 33609512 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neuropathic disease that causes optic nerve damage, loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and visual field defects. Most glaucoma patients have no early signs or symptoms. Conventional pharmacological glaucoma medications and surgeries that focus on lowering intraocular pressure are not sufficient; RGCs continue to die, and the patient's vision continues to decline. Recent evidence has demonstrated that neuroprotective approaches could be a promising strategy for protecting against glaucoma. In the case of glaucoma, neuroprotection aims to prevent or slow down disease progression by mitigating RGCs death and optic nerve degeneration. Notably, new pharmacologic medications such as antiglaucomatous agents, antibiotics, dietary supplementation, novel neuroprotective molecules, neurotrophic factors, translational methods such as gene therapy and cell therapy, and electrical stimulation-based physiotherapy are emerging to attenuate the death of RGCs, or to make RGCs resilient to attacks. Understanding the roles of these interventions in RGC protection may offer benefits over traditional pharmacological medications and surgeries. In this review, we summarize the recent neuroprotective strategy for glaucoma, both in clinical trials and in laboratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Shen
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yuanqi Wang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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Creation of a gene expression portrait of depression and its application for identifying potential treatments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3829. [PMID: 33589676 PMCID: PMC7884719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a complex mental health disorder and the goal here was to identify a consistent underlying portrait of expression that ranks all genes from most to least dysregulated and indicates direction of change relative to controls. Using large-scale neural gene expression depression datasets, a combined portrait (for men and women) was created along with one for men and one for women only. The depressed brain was characterized by a "hypo" state, that included downregulation of activity-related genes, including EGR1, FOS, and ARC, and indications of a lower brain temperature and sleep-like state. MAP kinase and BDNF pathways were enriched with overlapping genes. Expression patterns suggested decreased signaling for GABA and for neuropeptides, CRH, SST, and CCK. GWAS depression genes were among depression portrait genes and common genes of interest included SPRY2 and PSEN2. The portraits were used with the drug repurposing approach of signature matching to identify treatments that could reverse depression gene expression patterns. Exercise was identified as the top treatment for depression for the combined and male portraits. Other non-traditional treatments that scored well were: curcumin, creatine, and albiflorin. Fluoxetine scored best among typical antidepressants. The creation of the portraits of depression provides new insights into the complex landscape of depression and a novel platform for evaluating and identifying potential new treatments.
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Liu B, Zhao G, Jin L, Shi J. Nicotinamide Improves Cognitive Function in Mice With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Front Neurol 2021; 12:596641. [PMID: 33569040 PMCID: PMC7868534 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.596641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal brain function requires steady blood supply to maintain stable energy state. When blood supply to the brain becomes suboptimal for a long period of time, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) and a variety of brain changes may occur. CCH causes white matter injury and cognitive impairment. The present study investigated the effect of nicotinamide (NAM) on CCH-induced cognitive impairment and white matter damage in mice. Male C57Bl/6J mice aged 10–12 weeks (mean age = 11 ± 1 weeks) and weighing 24 - 29 g (mean weight = 26.5 ± 2.5 g) were randomly assigned to three groups (eight mice/group): sham group, CCH group and NAM group. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) was induced using standard methods. The treatment group mice received intraperitoneal injection of NAM at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight (bwt) daily for 30 days. Learning, memory, anxiety, and depression-like behaviors were measured using Morris water maze test (MWMT), open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swim test (FST), respectively. White matter damage and remodeling were determined via histological/ immunohistochemical analyses, and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that the time spent in target quadrant, number of crossings and escape latency were significantly lower in CCH group than in sham group, but they were significantly increased by NAM (p < 0.05). Mice in NAM group moved significantly faster and covered longer distances, when compared with those in CCH group (p < 0.05). The percentage of time spent in open arms and the number of entries to the open arms were significantly lower in CCH group than in NAM group (p < 0.05). Moreover, anhedonia and histologic scores (index of myelin injury) were significantly higher in CCH group than in sham group, but they were significantly reduced by NAM (p < 0.05). The results of immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting showed that the protein expressions of 2′, 3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and synaptophysin were significantly downregulated in CCH group, relative to sham group, but they were significantly upregulated by NAM (p < 0.05). These results indicate that NAM improves cognitive function in mice with CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Guifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingping Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Tang WQ, Ji CH, Gu JH, Jiang B. Antidepressant-like effects of 1-methylnicotinamide in a chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression. Neurosci Lett 2021; 742:135535. [PMID: 33248165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, and there is strong demand for developing novel antidepressants with better efficacy and less adverse effects. 1-Methylnicotinamide (MNA) is a main metabolite of nicotinamide and has been demonstrated to possess biological effects in the brain. This study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of MNA in mice, and the possible antidepressant mechanism was also determined. The forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression, western blotting method and K252a (a pharmacological inhibitor of the BDNF receptor) were used together in the present study. It was found that a single injection of MNA (100 and 200 mg/kg) displayed notable antidepressant-like potential in the FST and TST without affecting the locomotor activity of mice. Repeated administration of MNA (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 2 weeks fully reversed not only the CUMS-induced depressive-like symptoms in mice but also the CUMS-induced decrease in the hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway. Furthermore, the usage of K252a fully blocked the antidepressant-like effects of MNA in the FST, TST and CUMS model of depression. Collectively, MNA possess an antidepressant-like effect in mice which is mediated, at least in part, through promoting the hippocampal BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, 226011 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Qian Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Hui Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu, China.
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Yu X, Xue M, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Jiang Y, Sun T, Liang H. Effect of nicotinamide riboside on lipid metabolism and gut microflora-bile acid axis in alcohol-exposed mice. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:429-440. [PMID: 33473304 PMCID: PMC7802554 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most common complication of alcohol abuse, while we lack safe and effective treatment for ALD. This study aimed to explore the effects of nicotinamide riboside (NR) on lipid metabolism and gut microflora-bile acid axis in alcohol-exposed mice. NR significantly improved liver histopathological damage and abnormal liver function. NR as a provider of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) increased the NAD+/NADH ratio. Meanwhile, NR inhibited the activation of the protein phosphatase 1 signaling pathway, decreased the liver triglyceride and total bile acid levels, and reduced lipid accumulation. According to the results of gut microflora species analysis, NR intervention changed the microbial community structure at the phylum, family and genus levels, and the species abundances returned to a level similar to these of the normal control group. Besides, the results of high-performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry showed that NR intervention resulted in fecal bile acid levels tending to be normal with decreased chenodeoxycholic acid level and increased deoxycholic acid and hyocholic acid levels. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a correlation between gut microflora and bile acids. Therefore, NR supplementation has the potential to prevent ALD, and its mechanism may be related to regulating lipid metabolism disorders and the gut microflora-bile acid axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Department of Human NutritionCollege of Public HealthQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Meilan Xue
- Basic Medical CollegeQingdao University of MedicineQingdaoChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Basic Medical CollegeQingdao University of MedicineQingdaoChina
| | - Zhitong Zhou
- Food Science DepartmentUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Yushan Jiang
- Department of Human NutritionCollege of Public HealthQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Ting Sun
- Basic Medical CollegeQingdao University of MedicineQingdaoChina
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Human NutritionCollege of Public HealthQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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Gheorghe CE, Ritz NL, Martin JA, Wardill HR, Cryan JF, Clarke G. Investigating causality with fecal microbiota transplantation in rodents: applications, recommendations and pitfalls. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1941711. [PMID: 34328058 PMCID: PMC8331043 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1941711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies investigating the role of the gut microbiota in health and diseases have increased enormously - making it essential to deepen and question the research methodology employed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in rodent studies (either from human or animal donors) allows us to better understand the causal role of the intestinal microbiota across multiple fields. However, this technique lacks standardization and requires careful experimental design in order to obtain optimal results. By comparing several studies in which rodents are the final recipients of FMT, we summarize the common practices employed. In this review, we document the limitations of this method and highlight different parameters to be considered while designing FMT Studies. Standardizing this method is challenging, as it differs according to the research topic, but avoiding common pitfalls is feasible. Several methodological questions remain unanswered to this day and we offer a discussion on issues to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E. Gheorghe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hannah R. Wardill
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Guo X, Rao Y, Mao R, Cui L, Fang Y. Common cellular and molecular mechanisms and interactions between microglial activation and aberrant neuroplasticity in depression. Neuropharmacology 2020; 181:108336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rich S, Klann E, Bryant V, Richards V, Wijayabahu A, Bryant K, Mai V, Cook R. A review of potential microbiome-gut-brain axis mediated neurocognitive conditions in persons living with HIV. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 9:100168. [PMID: 34589903 PMCID: PMC8474230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome-gut-brain axis, or the various interactions between the gut microbiome and the brain, has been of recent interest in the context of precision medicine research for a variety of disease states. Persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) experience higher degrees of neurocognitive decline than the general population, correlating with a disruption of the normal gut microbiome composition (i.e. dysbiosis). While the nature of this correlation remains to be determined, there is the potential that the microbiome-gut-brain axis contributes to the progression of this disease. Previous research has established that the pathology associated with HIV induces alterations in the composition of gut microbiome, including a shift from Bacteroides to Prevotella dominance, and compromises gut barrier integrity, which may promote microbial translocation and consequent systemic inflammation and exacerbation of neuroinflammation. Further, though the use of antiretroviral therapy has been found to partially counteract HIV-related dysbiosis, it may also induce its own dysbiosis patterns, presenting a unique challenge for this research. More recent research has suggested the gut microbiome as a target for therapeutic interventions to improve symptoms associated with a variety of disease states, including HIV. Early findings are promising and warrant further research regarding the gut microbiome as a potential modifiable factor to improve health outcomes for PLWH. This review will discuss the current knowledge concerning the neuropathogenesis of HIV in the brain, role of the gut microbiome in neuroinflammation, and the relationship between HIV-status and the gut microbiome, followed by a conclusion that synthesizes this information within the context of the microbiome-gut-brain axis among PLWH. This review will also highlight the limitations of existing studies and propose future directions of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannan Rich
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily Klann
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vaughn Bryant
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Veronica Richards
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Akemi Wijayabahu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kendall Bryant
- Alcohol and HIV/AIDS Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Volker Mai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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