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Khang AR, Kim DH, Kim MJ, Oh CJ, Jeon JH, Choi SH, Lee IK. Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Inhibition Is Important in Prevention of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:405-417. [PMID: 38311057 PMCID: PMC11140394 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation are reported to have a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, a leading cause of acute kidney injury. The present study investigated the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in ROS production and inflammation following IR injury. METHODS We used a streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL6/J mouse model, which was subjected to IR by clamping both renal pedicles. Cellular apoptosis and inflammatory markers were evaluated in NRK-52E cells and mouse primary tubular cells after hypoxia and reoxygenation using a hypoxia work station. RESULTS Following IR injury in diabetic mice, the expression of PDK4, rather than the other PDK isoforms, was induced with a marked increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α (PDHE1α) phosphorylation. This was accompanied by a pronounced ROS activation, as well as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production. Notably, sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) attenuated renal IR injury-induced apoptosis which can be attributed to reducing PDK4 expression and PDHE1α phosphorylation levels. DCA or shPdk4 treatment reduced oxidative stress and decreased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 production after IR or hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. CONCLUSION PDK4 inhibition alleviated renal injury with decreased ROS production and inflammation, supporting a critical role for PDK4 in IR mediated damage. This result indicates another potential target for reno-protection during IR injury; accordingly, the role of PDK4 inhibition needs to be comprehensively elucidated in terms of mitochondrial function during renal IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Reum Khang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dong Hun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Ma Z, Sun J, Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Jiang H, Sun P, Feng W. Identification and analysis of mitochondria-related central genes in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, along with drug prediction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1341366. [PMID: 38384969 PMCID: PMC10879930 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1341366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a refractory orthopedic hip joint disease that primarily affects middle-aged and young individuals. SONFH may be caused by ischemia and hypoxia of the femoral head, where mitochondria play a crucial role in oxidative reactions. Currently, there is limited literature on whether mitochondria are involved in the progression of SONFH. Here, we aim to identify and validate key potential mitochondrial-related genes in SONFH through bioinformatics analysis. This study aims to provide initial evidence that mitochondria play a role in the progression of SONFH and further elucidate the mechanisms of mitochondria in SONFH. Methods The GSE123568 mRNA expression profile dataset includes 10 non-SONFH (non-steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head) samples and 30 SONFH samples. The GSE74089 mRNA expression profile dataset includes 4 healthy samples and 4 samples with ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. Both datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The mitochondrial-related genes are derived from MitoCarta3.0, which includes data for all 1136 human genes with high confidence in mitochondrial localization based on integrated proteomics, computational, and microscopy approaches. By intersecting the GSE123568 and GSE74089 datasets with a set of mitochondrial-related genes, we screened for mitochondrial-related genes involved in SONFH. Subsequently, we used the good Samples Genes method in R language to remove outlier genes and samples in the GSE123568 dataset. We further used WGCNA to construct a scale-free co-expression network and selected the hub gene set with the highest connectivity. We then intersected this gene set with the previously identified mitochondrial-related genes to select the genes with the highest correlation. A total of 7 mitochondrial-related genes were selected. Next, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis on the selected mitochondrial-related genes using R software. Furthermore, we performed protein network analysis on the differentially expressed proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genes using STRING. We used the GSEA software to group the genes within the gene set in the GSE123568 dataset based on their coordinated changes and evaluate their impact on phenotype changes. Subsequently, we grouped the samples based on the 7 selected mitochondrial-related genes using R software and observed the differences in immune cell infiltration between the groups. Finally, we evaluated the prognostic significance of these features in the two datasets, consisting of a total of 48 samples, by integrating disease status and the 7 gene features using the cox method in the survival R package. We performed ROC analysis using the roc function in the pROC package and evaluated the AUC and confidence intervals using the ci function to obtain the final AUC results. Results Identification and analysis of 7 intersecting DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were obtained among peripheral blood, cartilage samples, hub genes, and mitochondrial-related genes. These 7 DEGs include FTH1, LACTB, PDK3, RAB5IF, SOD2, and SQOR, all of which are upregulated genes with no intersection in the downregulated gene set. Subsequently, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated DEGs are primarily involved in processes such as oxidative stress, release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial metabolism, p53 signaling pathway, and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. GSEA also revealed enriched pathways associated with hub genes. Finally, the diagnostic value of these key genes for hormone-related ischemic necrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) was confirmed using ROC curves. Conclusion BID, FTH1, LACTB, PDK3, RAB5IF, SOD2, and SQOR may serve as potential diagnostic mitochondrial-related biomarkers for SONFH. Additionally, they hold research value in investigating the involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheru Ma
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
| | - Haozhuo Jiang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
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Bekebrede AF, de Boer VCJ, Gerrits WJJ, Keijer J. Functional and molecular profiling of fasted piglets reveals decreased energy metabolic function and cell proliferation in the small intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G539-G555. [PMID: 37847725 PMCID: PMC10894671 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00240.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The small intestine requires energy to exert its important role in nutrient uptake and barrier function. Pigs are an important source of food and a model for humans. Young piglets and infants can suffer from periods of insufficient food intake. Whether this functionally affects the small intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) metabolic capacity and how this may be associated with an increased vulnerability to intestinal disease is unknown. We therefore performed a 48-h fasting intervention in young piglets. After feeding a standard weaning diet for 2 wk, 6-wk-old piglets (n = 16/group) were fasted for 48 h, and midjejunal IECs were collected upon euthanasia. Functional metabolism of isolated IECs was analyzed with the Seahorse XF analyzer and gene expression was assessed using RNA-sequencing. Fasting decreased the mitochondrial and glycolytic function of the IECs by 50% and 45%, respectively (P < 0.0001), signifying that overall metabolic function was decreased. The RNA-sequencing results corroborated our functional metabolic measurements, showing that particularly pathways related to mitochondrial energy production were decreased. Besides oxidative metabolic pathways, decreased cell-cycle progression pathways were most regulated in the fasted piglets, which were confirmed by 43% reduction of Ki67-stained cells (P < 0.05). Finally, the expression of barrier function genes was reduced upon fasting. In conclusion, we found that the decreased IEC energy metabolic function in response to fasting is supported by a decreased gene expression of mitochondrial pathways and is likely linked to the observed decreased intestinal cell proliferation and barrier function, providing insight into the vulnerability of piglets, and infants, to decreased food intake.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fasting is identified as one of the underlying causes potentiating diarrhea development, both in piglets and humans. With this study, we demonstrate that fasting decreases the metabolism of intestinal epithelial cells, on a functional and transcriptional level. Transcriptional and histological data also show decreased intestinal cell proliferation. As such, fasting-induced intestinal energy shortage could contribute to intestinal dysfunction upon fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna F Bekebrede
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent C J de Boer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Walter J J Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Todero J, Douillet C, Shumway AJ, Koller BH, Kanke M, Phuong DJ, Stýblo M, Sethupathy P. Molecular and Metabolic Analysis of Arsenic-Exposed Humanized AS3MT Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:127021. [PMID: 38150313 PMCID: PMC10752418 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, potential sex divergence and the underlying mechanisms remain understudied. iAs is not metabolized uniformly across species, which is a limitation of typical exposure studies in rodent models. The development of a new "humanized" mouse model overcomes this limitation. In this study, we leveraged this model to study sex differences in the context of iAs exposure. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if males and females exhibit different liver and adipose molecular profiles and metabolic phenotypes in the context of iAs exposure. METHODS Our study was performed on wild-type (WT) 129S6/SvEvTac and humanized arsenic + 3 methyl transferase (human AS3MT) 129S6/SvEvTac mice treated with 400 ppb of iAs via drinking water ad libitum. After 1 month, mice were sacrificed and the liver and gonadal adipose depots were harvested for iAs quantification and sequencing-based microRNA and gene expression analysis. Serum blood was collected for fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS We detected sex divergence in liver and adipose markers of diabetes (e.g., miR-34a, insulin signaling pathways, fasting blood glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR) only in humanized (not WT) mice. In humanized female mice, numerous genes that promote insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in both the liver and adipose are elevated compared to humanized male mice. We also identified Klf11 as a putative master regulator of the sex divergence in gene expression in humanized mice. DISCUSSION Our study underscored the importance of future studies leveraging the humanized mouse model to study iAs-associated metabolic disease. The findings suggested that humanized males are at increased risk for metabolic dysfunction relative to humanized females in the context of iAs exposure. Future investigations should focus on the detailed mechanisms that underlie the sex divergence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Todero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christelle Douillet
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandria J. Shumway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Daryl J. Phuong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Miroslav Stýblo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Li Y, Cai J, Liu Y, Li C, Chen X, Wong WL, Jiang W, Qin Y, Zhang G, Hou N, Yuan W. CcpA-Knockout Staphylococcus aureus Induces Abnormal Metabolic Phenotype via the Activation of Hepatic STAT5/PDK4 Signaling in Diabetic Mice. Pathogens 2023; 12:1300. [PMID: 38003764 PMCID: PMC10674825 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Catabolite control protein A (CcpA), an important global regulatory protein, is extensively found in S. aureus. Many studies have reported that CcpA plays a pivotal role in regulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pathogenicity. Moreover, the CcpA-knockout Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in diabetic mice, compared with the wild-type, showed a reduced colonization rate in the tissues and organs and decreased inflammatory factor expression. However, the effect of CcpA-knockout S. aureus on the host's energy metabolism in a high-glucose environment and its mechanism of action remain unclear. S. aureus, a common and major human pathogen, is increasingly found in patients with obesity and diabetes, as recent clinical data reveal. To address this issue, we generated CcpA-knockout S. aureus strains with different genetic backgrounds to conduct in-depth investigations. In vitro experiments with high-glucose-treated cells and an in vivo model study with type 1 diabetic mice were used to evaluate the unknown effect of CcpA-knockout strains on both the glucose and lipid metabolism phenotypes of the host. We found that the strains caused an abnormal metabolic phenotype in type 1 diabetic mice, particularly in reducing random and fasting blood glucose and increasing triglyceride and fatty acid contents in the serum. In a high-glucose environment, CcpA-knockout S. aureus may activate the hepatic STAT5/PDK4 pathway and affect pyruvate utilization. An abnormal metabolic phenotype was thus observed in diabetic mice. Our findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in diabetic patients infected with S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilang Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China;
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Jiaxuan Cai
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yinan Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Conglin Li
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Wenyue Jiang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China;
| | - Yuan Qin
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guiping Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ning Hou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (J.C.); (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.Q.); (G.Z.)
| | - Wenchang Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China;
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Kim MJ, Lee H, Chanda D, Thoudam T, Kang HJ, Harris RA, Lee IK. The Role of Pyruvate Metabolism in Mitochondrial Quality Control and Inflammation. Mol Cells 2023; 46:259-267. [PMID: 36756776 PMCID: PMC10183795 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate metabolism, a key pathway in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, is crucial for energy homeostasis and mitochondrial quality control (MQC), including fusion/fission dynamics and mitophagy. Alterations in pyruvate flux and MQC are associated with reactive oxygen species accumulation and Ca2+ flux into the mitochondria, which can induce mitochondrial ultrastructural changes, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation. Perturbations in MQC are emerging as a central mechanism for the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and insulin resistance-related diseases. Mitochondrial Ca2+ regulates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), which is central to pyruvate metabolism, by promoting its dephosphorylation. Increase of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is associated with perturbation of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) function and Ca2+ flux. Pyruvate metabolism also plays an important role in immune cell activation and function, dysregulation of which also leads to insulin resistance and inflammatory disease. Pyruvate metabolism affects macrophage polarization, mitochondrial dynamics and MAM formation, which are critical in determining macrophage function and immune response. MAMs and MQCs have also been intensively studied in macrophage and T cell immunity. Metabolic reprogramming connected with pyruvate metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics and MAM formation are important to macrophages polarization (M1/M2) and function. T cell differentiation is also directly linked to pyruvate metabolism, with inhibition of pyruvate oxidation by PDKs promoting proinflammatory T cell polarization. This article provides a brief review on the emerging role of pyruvate metabolism in MQC and MAM function, and how dysfunction in these processes leads to metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea
| | - Hoyul Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Dipanjan Chanda
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Themis Thoudam
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Kang
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Robert A. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase in the Heart as an Initiating Event in the Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030756. [PMID: 36979003 PMCID: PMC10045649 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects a growing fraction of the population and is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Even in the absence of hypertension and coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes can result in a heart disease termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diminished glucose oxidation, increased reliance on fatty acid oxidation for energy production, and oxidative stress are believed to play causal roles. However, the progression of metabolic changes and mechanisms by which these changes impact the heart have not been established. Cardiac pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the central regulatory site for glucose oxidation, is rapidly inhibited in mice fed high dietary fat, a model of obesity and diabetes. Increased reliance on fatty acid oxidation for energy production, in turn, enhances mitochondrial pro-oxidant production. Inhibition of PDH may therefore initiate metabolic inflexibility and oxidative stress and precipitate diabetic cardiomyopathy. We discuss evidence from the literature that supports a role for PDH inhibition in loss in energy homeostasis and diastolic function in obese and diabetic humans and in rodent models. Finally, seemingly contradictory findings highlight the complexity of the disease and the need to delineate progressive changes in cardiac metabolism, the impact on myocardial structure and function, and the ability to intercede.
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Pappas G, Wilkinson ML, Gow AJ. Nitric oxide regulation of cellular metabolism: Adaptive tuning of cellular energy. Nitric Oxide 2023; 131:8-17. [PMID: 36470373 PMCID: PMC9839556 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide can interact with a wide range of proteins including many that are involved in metabolism. In this review we have summarized the effects of NO on glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation with reference to skeletal muscle. Low to moderate NO concentrations upregulate glucose and fatty acid oxidation, while higher NO concentrations shift cellular reliance toward a fully glycolytic phenotype. Moderate NO production directly inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, reducing glucose-derived carbon entry into the TCA cycle and subsequently increasing anaploretic reactions. NO directly inhibits aconitase activity, increasing reliance on glutamine for continued energy production. At higher or prolonged NO exposure, citrate accumulation can inhibit multiple ATP-producing pathways. Reduced TCA flux slows NADH/FADH entry into the ETC. NO can also inhibit the ETC directly, further limiting oxidative phosphorylation. Moderate NO production improves mitochondrial efficiency while improving O2 utilization increasing whole-body energy production. Long-term bioenergetic capacity may be increased because of NO-derived ROS, which participate in adaptive cellular redox signaling through AMPK, PCG1-α, HIF-1, and NF-κB. However, prolonged exposure or high concentrations of NO can result in membrane depolarization and opening of the MPT. In this way NO may serve as a biochemical rheostat matching energy supply with demand for optimal respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Pappas
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Melissa L Wilkinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, NJ, 08854, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, NJ, 08854, USA.
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Zhu R, Chen S. Proteomic analysis reveals semaglutide impacts lipogenic protein expression in epididymal adipose tissue of obese mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1095432. [PMID: 37025414 PMCID: PMC10070826 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1095432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Obesity is a global health problem with few pharmacologic options. Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue that induces weight loss. Yet, the role of semaglutide in adipose tissue has not yet been examined. The following study investigated the mechanism of semaglutide on lipid metabolism by analyzing proteomics of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) in obese mice. METHODS A total of 36 C57BL/6JC mice were randomly divided into a normal-chow diet group (NCD, n = 12), high-fat diet (HFD, n = 12), and HFD+semaglutide group (Sema, n = 12). Mice in the Sema group were intraperitoneally administered semaglutide, and the HFD group and the NCD group were intraperitoneally administered an equal volume of normal saline. Serum samples were collected to detect fasting blood glucose and blood lipids. The Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was used to measure the blood glucose value at each time point and calculate the area under the glucose curve. Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to study the expression of eWAT, while cellular processes, biological processes, corresponding molecular functions, and related network molecular mechanisms were analyzed by bioinformatics. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the semaglutide-treated mice presented 640 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 292 up-regulated and 348 down-regulated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed a reduction of CD36, FABP5, ACSL, ACOX3, PLIN2, ANGPTL4, LPL, MGLL, AQP7, and PDK4 involved in the lipid metabolism in the Sema group accompanied by a decrease in visceral fat accumulation, blood lipids, and improvement in glucose intolerance. CONCLUSION Semaglutide can effectively reduce visceral fat and blood lipids and improve glucose metabolism in obese mice. Semaglutide treatment might have beneficial effects on adipose tissues through the regulation of lipid uptake, lipid storage, and lipolysis in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Zhu
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Internal Medical, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- *Correspondence: Shuchun Chen,
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10
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McCall CE, Zhu X, Zabalawi M, Long D, Quinn MA, Yoza BK, Stacpoole PW, Vachharajani V. Sepsis, pyruvate, and mitochondria energy supply chain shortage. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1509-1514. [PMID: 35866365 PMCID: PMC9796618 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0322-692rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Balancing high energy-consuming danger resistance and low energy supply of disease tolerance is a universal survival principle that often fails during sepsis. Our research supports the concept that sepsis phosphorylates and deactivates mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex control over the tricarboxylic cycle and the electron transport chain. StimulatIng mitochondrial energetics in septic mice and human sepsis cell models can be achieved by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases with the pyruvate structural analog dichloroacetate. Stimulating the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by dichloroacetate reverses a disruption in the tricarboxylic cycle that induces itaconate, a key mediator of the disease tolerance pathway. Dichloroacetate treatment increases mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis, decreases oxidant stress, overcomes metabolic paralysis, regenerates tissue, organ, and innate and adaptive immune cells, and doubles the survival rate in a murine model of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. McCall
- Department of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - David Long
- Department of MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Matthew A. Quinn
- Department of Pathology – Comparative MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Barbara K. Yoza
- Department of SurgeryWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Peter W. Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine and BiochemistryUniversity of Florida Medical SchoolGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Critical Care MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of CWRUClevelandOhioUSA
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11
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Wang M, Pang Y, Guo Y, Tian L, Liu Y, Shen C, Liu M, Meng Y, Cai Z, Wang Y, Zhao W. Metabolic reprogramming: A novel therapeutic target in diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:970601. [PMID: 36120335 PMCID: PMC9479190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.970601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. However, the pathological mechanisms contributing to DKD are multifactorial and poorly understood. Diabetes is characterized by metabolic disorders that can bring about a series of changes in energy metabolism. As the most energy-consuming organs secondary only to the heart, the kidneys must maintain energy homeostasis. Aberrations in energy metabolism can lead to cellular dysfunction or even death. Metabolic reprogramming, a shift from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and its side branches, is thought to play a critical role in the development and progression of DKD. This review focuses on the current knowledge about metabolic reprogramming and the role it plays in DKD development. The underlying etiologies, pathological damages in the involved cells, and potential molecular regulators of metabolic alterations are also discussed. Understanding the role of metabolic reprogramming in DKD may provide novel therapeutic approaches to delay its progression to end-stage renal disease.
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12
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Holloway C, Zhong G, Kim YK, Ye H, Sampath H, Hammerling U, Isoherranen N, Quadro L. Retinoic acid regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4) to modulate fuel utilization in the adult heart: Insights from wild-type and β-carotene 9',10' oxygenase knockout mice. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22513. [PMID: 36004605 PMCID: PMC9544431 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101910rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex by the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase PDK4 enables the heart to respond to fluctuations in energy demands and substrate availability. Retinoic acid, the transcriptionally active form of vitamin A, is known to be involved in the regulation of cardiac function and growth during embryogenesis as well as under pathological conditions. Whether retinoic acid also maintains cardiac health under physiological conditions is unknown. However, vitamin A status and intake of its carotenoid precursor β-carotene have been linked to the prevention of heart diseases. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that retinoic acid regulates cardiac Pdk4 expression and thus PDH activity. Furthermore, we show that mice lacking β-carotene 9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2), the only enzyme of the adult heart that cleaves β-carotene to generate retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives), displayed cardiac retinoic acid insufficiency and impaired metabolic flexibility linked to a compromised PDK4/PDH pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the functions of retinoic acid in regulating energy metabolism in adult tissues, especially the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsee Holloway
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Bioscience, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Guo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Youn-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Harini Sampath
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ulrich Hammerling
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Loredana Quadro
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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13
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Zumbaugh MD, Johnson SE, Shi TH, Gerrard DE. Molecular and biochemical regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6652332. [PMID: 35908794 PMCID: PMC9339271 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is a culmination of catabolic and anabolic processes that are interwoven into major metabolic pathways, and as such modulation of skeletal muscle metabolism may have implications on animal growth efficiency. Muscle is composed of a heterogeneous population of muscle fibers that can be classified by metabolism (oxidative or glycolytic) and contractile speed (slow or fast). Although slow fibers (type I) rely heavily on oxidative metabolism, presumably to fuel long or continuous bouts of work, fast fibers (type IIa, IIx, and IIb) vary in their metabolic capability and can range from having a high oxidative capacity to a high glycolytic capacity. The plasticity of muscle permits continuous adaptations to changing intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli that can shift the classification of muscle fibers, which has implications on fiber size, nutrient utilization, and protein turnover rate. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the major metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle and the associated regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D Zumbaugh
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Sally E Johnson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Tim H Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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14
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'Warburg effect' controls tumor growth, bacterial, viral infections and immunity - Genetic deconstruction and therapeutic perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:334-346. [PMID: 35820598 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary pressure for life transitioning from extended periods of hypoxia to an increasingly oxygenated atmosphere initiated drastic selections for a variety of biochemical pathways supporting the robust life currently present on the planet. First, we discuss how fermentative glycolysis, a primitive metabolic pathway present at the emergence of life, is instrumental for the rapid growth of cancer, regenerating tissues, immune cells but also bacteria and viruses during infections. The 'Warburg effect', activated via Myc and HIF-1 in response to growth factors and hypoxia, is an essential metabolic and energetic pathway which satisfies nutritional and energetic demands required for rapid genome replication. Second, we present the key role of lactic acid, the end-product of fermentative glycolysis able to move across cell membranes in both directions via monocarboxylate transporting proteins (i.e. MCT1/4) contributing to cell-pH homeostasis but also to the complex immune response via acidosis of the tumour microenvironment. Importantly lactate is recycled in multiple organs as a major metabolic precursor of gluconeogenesis and energy source protecting cells and animals from harsh nutritional or oxygen restrictions. Third, we revisit the Warburg effect via CRISPR-Cas9 disruption of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI-KO) or lactate dehydrogenases (LDHA/B-DKO) in two aggressive tumours (melanoma B16-F10, human adenocarcinoma LS174T). Full suppression of lactic acid production reduces but does not suppress tumour growth due to reactivation of OXPHOS. In contrast, disruption of the lactic acid transporters MCT1/4 suppressed glycolysis, mTORC1, and tumour growth as a result of intracellular acidosis. Finally, we briefly discuss the current clinical developments of an MCT1 specific drug AZ3965, and the recent progress for a specific in vivo MCT4 inhibitor, two drugs of very high potential for future cancer clinical applications.
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15
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Joseph LC, Shi J, Nguyen QN, Pensiero V, Goulbourne C, Bauer RC, Zhang H, Morrow JP. Combined metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling approaches reveal the cardiac response to high-fat diet. iScience 2022; 25:104184. [PMID: 35494220 PMCID: PMC9038541 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of vital organs to different types of nutrition or diet is a fundamental question in physiology. We examined the cardiac response to 4 weeks of high-fat diet in mice, measuring cardiac metabolites and mRNA. Metabolomics showed dramatic differences after a high-fat diet, including increases in several acyl-carnitine species. The RNA-seq data showed changes consistent with adaptations to use more fatty acid as substrate and an increase in the antioxidant protein catalase. Changes in mRNA were correlated with changes in protein level for several highly responsive genes. We also found significant sex differences in both metabolomics and RNA-seq datasets, both at baseline and after high fat diet. This work reveals the response of a vital organ to dietary intervention at both metabolomic and transcriptomic levels, which is a fundamental question in physiology. This work also reveals significant sex differences in cardiac metabolites and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leroy C. Joseph
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 650 W 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianting Shi
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 650 W 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Quynh N. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 650 W 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Victoria Pensiero
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 650 W 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chris Goulbourne
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Robert C. Bauer
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 650 W 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 650 W 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John P. Morrow
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 650 W 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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16
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Katayama Y, Kawata Y, Moritoh Y, Watanabe M. Dichloroacetate, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, ameliorates type 2 diabetes via reduced gluconeogenesis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08889. [PMID: 35169648 PMCID: PMC8829582 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) catalyzes the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, which plays a key role in linking cytosolic glycolysis to mitochondria metabolism. PDH is physiologically inactivated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs). Thus, activation of PDH via inhibiting PDK may lead to metabolic benefits. In the present study, we investigated the antidiabetic effect of PDK inhibition using dichloroacetate (DCA), a PDK inhibitor. Main methods We evaluated the effect of single dose of DCA on plasma metabolic parameters in normal rats. Next, we investigated the antidiabetic effect of DCA in diabetic ob/ob mice. In addition, we performed in vitro assays to understand the effect and mechanism of action of DCA on gluconeogenesis in mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 and rat hepatoma cell line FaO. Key findings In normal rats, a single dose of DCA decreased the plasma level of pyruvate, the product of glycolysis, and the plasma glucose level only in the fasting state. Meanwhile, a single dose of DCA lowered the plasma glucose level, and a three-week treatment decreased the fructosamine level in diabetic ob/ob mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated concentration-dependent suppression of lactate production in C2C12 myotubes. In addition, DCA suppressed glucose production from pyruvate and lactate in FaO hepatoma cells. Thus, DCA-mediated restricted supply of gluconeogenic substrates from the muscle to liver, and direct suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis might have contributed to its glucose-lowering effect in the current models. Significance PDK inhibitor may be considered as a potential antidiabetic agent harboring inhibitory effect on gluconeogenesis.
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17
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Bessho Y, Akaki T, Hara Y, Yamakawa M, Obika S, Mori G, Ubukata M, Yasue K, Nakane Y, Terasako Y, Orita T, Doi S, Iwanaga T, Fujishima A, Adachi T, Ueno H, Motomura T. Structure-based drug design of novel and highly potent pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 52:116514. [PMID: 34808405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDHKs) are fascinating drug targets for numerous diseases, including diabetes and cancers. In this report, we describe the result of our structure-based drug design from tricyclic lead compounds that led to the discovery of highly potent PDHK2 and PDHK4 dual inhibitors in enzymatic assay. The C3-position of the tricyclic core was explored, and the PDHK2 X-ray structure with a representative compound revealed a novel ATP lid conformation in which the phenyl ring of Phe326 mediated the interaction of the Arg258 sidechain and the compound. Compounds with amide linkers were designed to release the ATP lid by forming an intramolecular pi-pi interaction, and these compounds showed single-digit nM IC50 values in an enzymatic assay. We also explored the C4-position of the tricyclic core to reproduce the interaction observed with the C3-position substitution, and the pyrrolidine compound showed the same level of IC50 values. By optimizing an interaction with the Asn255 sidechain through a docking simulation, compounds with 2-carboxy pyrrole moiety also showed single-digit nM IC50 values without having a cation-pi interaction with the Arg258 sidechain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Bessho
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Akaki
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Hara
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Maki Yamakawa
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Shingo Obika
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Genki Mori
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Minoru Ubukata
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Yasue
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yoshitomi Nakane
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terasako
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takuya Orita
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Satoki Doi
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomoko Iwanaga
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Ayumi Fujishima
- Pharmaceutical Frontier Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2, Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Adachi
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takahisa Motomura
- Chemical Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
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18
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Freitas-Lima LC, Budu A, Estrela GR, da Silva TA, Arruda AC, de Carvalho Araujo R. Metabolic fasting stress is ameliorated in Kinin B1 receptor-deficient mice. Life Sci 2021; 294:120007. [PMID: 34600938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The liver has an essential role in responding to metabolic demands under stress conditions. The organ stores, releases, and recycles metabolism-related substrates. However, it is not clear how the Kallikrein-Kinin System modulates metabolic flexibility shift between energetic sources. AIMS To analyze the hepatic metabolism in kinin B1 receptor deficient mice (B1KO mice) under fasting conditions. MAIN METHODS WT and B1KO male mice were allocated in a calorimetric cage for 7 days and 48 h before the euthanasia, half of the animals of both groups were under fasting conditions. Biochemical parameters, ketone bodies (KB), and gene expression involving the liver energetic metabolism genes were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) modulates the metabolic shift under fasting conditions, reducing the VO2 expenditure. A preference for carbohydrates as an energetic source is suggested, as the B1KO group did not display an increase in KB in the serum. Moreover, the B1KO animals displayed higher serum triglycerides concentration compared to WT fasting mice. Interestingly, the lack of B1R induces the increase expression of enzymes from the glycolysis and lipolysis pathways under the fed. However, under fasting, the enzymatic expression of gluconeogenesis, glyceroneogenesis, and ketogenesis of these pathways does not occur, suggesting an absence of the shift metabolism responsivity, and this condition is modulated by PDK4 under FOXO1 control. SIGNIFICANCE B1R has an important role in the hepatic glucose metabolism, which in turn influences the energetic metabolism, and in long-term outcomes, such as in the decrease in hepatic glycogen stores and in the enhancement of hepatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Budu
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, 04039032 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Rufino Estrela
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Discipline of Hematology and Hematotherapy, Federal University of São Paulo, 04037002 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thais Alves da Silva
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, 04039032 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Cleis Arruda
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo de Carvalho Araujo
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, 04039032 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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19
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Skeletal Muscle Metabolism: Origin or Prognostic Factor for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Development? Cells 2021; 10:cells10061449. [PMID: 34207859 PMCID: PMC8226541 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive and selective loss of motor neurons, amyotrophy and skeletal muscle paralysis usually leading to death due to respiratory failure. While generally considered an intrinsic motor neuron disease, data obtained in recent years, including our own, suggest that motor neuron protection is not sufficient to counter the disease. The dismantling of the neuromuscular junction is closely linked to chronic energy deficit found throughout the body. Metabolic (hypermetabolism and dyslipidemia) and mitochondrial alterations described in patients and murine models of ALS are associated with the development and progression of disease pathology and they appear long before motor neurons die. It is clear that these metabolic changes participate in the pathology of the disease. In this review, we summarize these changes seen throughout the course of the disease, and the subsequent impact of glucose–fatty acid oxidation imbalance on disease progression. We also highlight studies that show that correcting this loss of metabolic flexibility should now be considered a major goal for the treatment of ALS.
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20
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Mota AC, Dominguez M, Weigert A, Snodgrass RG, Namgaladze D, Brüne B. Lysosome-Dependent LXR and PPARδ Activation Upon Efferocytosis in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637778. [PMID: 34025647 PMCID: PMC8137840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis is critical for tissue homeostasis, as its deregulation is associated with several autoimmune pathologies. While engulfing apoptotic cells, phagocytes activate transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) or liver X receptors (LXR) that orchestrate metabolic, phagocytic, and inflammatory responses towards the ingested material. Coordination of these transcription factors in efferocytotic human macrophages is not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptional profile of macrophages following the uptake of apoptotic Jurkat T cells using RNA-seq analysis. Results indicated upregulation of PPAR and LXR pathways but downregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) target genes. Pharmacological inhibition and RNA interference pointed to LXR and PPARδ as relevant transcriptional regulators, while PPARγ did not substantially contribute to gene regulation. Mechanistically, lysosomal digestion and lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) were required for PPAR and LXR activation, while PPARδ activation also demanded an active lysosomal phospholipase A2 (PLA2G15). Pharmacological interference with LXR signaling attenuated ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux from efferocytotic macrophages, but suppression of inflammatory responses following efferocytosis occurred independently of LXR and PPARδ. These data provide mechanistic details on LXR and PPARδ activation in efferocytotic human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Mota
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Monica Dominguez
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ryan G Snodgrass
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dmitry Namgaladze
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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21
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Heinemann-Yerushalmi L, Bentovim L, Felsenthal N, Vinestock RC, Michaeli N, Krief S, Silberman A, Cohen M, Ben-Dor S, Brenner O, Haffner-Krausz R, Itkin M, Malitsky S, Erez A, Zelzer E. BCKDK regulates the TCA cycle through PDC in the absence of PDK family during embryonic development. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1182-1194.e6. [PMID: 33773101 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK1-4) inhibit the TCA cycle by phosphorylating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Here, we show that PDK family is dispensable for murine embryonic development and that BCKDK serves as a compensatory mechanism by inactivating PDC. First, we knocked out all four Pdk genes one by one. Surprisingly, Pdk total KO embryos developed and were born in expected ratios but died by postnatal day 4 because of hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis. Moreover, PDC was phosphorylated in these embryos, suggesting that another kinase compensates for PDK family. Bioinformatic analysis implicated branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (Bckdk), a key regulator of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolism. Indeed, knockout of Bckdk and Pdk family led to the loss of PDC phosphorylation, an increase in PDC activity and pyruvate entry into the TCA cycle, and embryonic lethality. These findings reveal a regulatory crosstalk hardwiring BCAA and glucose catabolic pathways, which feed the TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lital Bentovim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Neta Felsenthal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ron Carmel Vinestock
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nofar Michaeli
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sharon Krief
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alon Silberman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Marina Cohen
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics and Biological Computing Unit, Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Rebecca Haffner-Krausz
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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22
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Shannon CE, Ragavan M, Palavicini JP, Fourcaudot M, Bakewell TM, Valdez IA, Ayala I, Jin ES, Madesh M, Han X, Merritt ME, Norton L. Insulin resistance is mechanistically linked to hepatic mitochondrial remodeling in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2021; 45:101154. [PMID: 33359401 PMCID: PMC7811046 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance and altered hepatic mitochondrial function are central features of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the etiological role of these processes in disease progression remains unclear. Here we investigated the molecular links between insulin resistance, mitochondrial remodeling, and hepatic lipid accumulation. METHODS Hepatic insulin sensitivity, endogenous glucose production, and mitochondrial metabolic fluxes were determined in wild-type, obese (ob/ob) and pioglitazone-treatment obese mice using a combination of radiolabeled tracer and stable isotope NMR approaches. Mechanistic studies of pioglitazone action were performed in isolated primary hepatocytes, whilst molecular hepatic lipid species were profiled using shotgun lipidomics. RESULTS Livers from obese, insulin-resistant mice displayed augmented mitochondrial content and increased tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activities. Insulin sensitization with pioglitazone mitigated pyruvate-driven TCA cycle activity and PDH activation via both allosteric (intracellular pyruvate availability) and covalent (PDK4 and PDP2) mechanisms that were dependent on PPARγ activity in isolated primary hepatocytes. Improved mitochondrial function following pioglitazone treatment was entirely dissociated from changes in hepatic triglycerides, diacylglycerides, or fatty acids. Instead, we highlight a role for the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin, which underwent pathological remodeling in livers from obese mice that was reversed by insulin sensitization. CONCLUSION Our findings identify targetable mitochondrial features of T2D and NAFLD and highlight the benefit of insulin sensitization in managing the clinical burden of obesity-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris E Shannon
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mukundan Ragavan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Palavicini
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marcel Fourcaudot
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Terry M Bakewell
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ivan A Valdez
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Iriscilla Ayala
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eunsook S Jin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Luke Norton
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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23
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Song X, Liu J, Kuang F, Chen X, Zeh HJ, Kang R, Kroemer G, Xie Y, Tang D. PDK4 dictates metabolic resistance to ferroptosis by suppressing pyruvate oxidation and fatty acid synthesis. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108767. [PMID: 33626342 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although induction of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, has emerged as an anticancer strategy, the metabolic basis of ferroptotic death remains poorly elucidated. Here, we show that glucose determines the sensitivity of human pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells to ferroptosis induced by pharmacologically inhibiting system xc-. Mechanistically, SLC2A1-mediated glucose uptake promotes glycolysis and, thus, facilitates pyruvate oxidation, fuels the tricyclic acid cycle, and stimulates fatty acid synthesis, which finally facilitates lipid peroxidation-dependent ferroptotic death. Screening of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) library targeting metabolic enzymes leads to identification of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) as the top gene responsible for ferroptosis resistance. PDK4 inhibits ferroptosis by blocking pyruvate dehydrogenase-dependent pyruvate oxidation. Inhibiting PDK4 enhances the anticancer activity of system xc- inhibitors in vitro and in suitable preclinical mouse models (e.g., a high-fat diet diabetes model). These findings reveal metabolic reprogramming as a potential target for overcoming ferroptosis resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Diet, High-Fat
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Energy Metabolism
- Fatty Acids/biosynthesis
- Ferroptosis/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glucose Transporter Type 1/genetics
- Glucose Transporter Type 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase/genetics
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase/metabolism
- Pyruvic Acid/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Song
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Feimei Kuang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1138, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75006 Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yangchun Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China.
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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24
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Parks SK, Mueller-Klieser W, Pouysségur J. Lactate and Acidity in the Cancer Microenvironment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fermentative glycolysis, an ancient evolved metabolic pathway, is exploited by rapidly growing tissues and tumors but also occurs in response to the nutritional and energetic demands of differentiated tissues. The lactic acid it produces is transported across cell membranes through reversible H+/lactate−symporters (MCT1 and MCT4) and is recycled in organs as a major metabolic precursor of gluconeogenesis and an energy source. Concentrations of lactate in the tumor environment, investigated utilizing an induced metabolic bioluminescence imaging (imBI) technique, appear to be dominant biomarkers of tumor response to irradiation and resistance to treatment. Suppression of lactic acid formation by genetic disruption of lactate dehydrogenases A and B in aggressive tumors reactivated OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) to maintain xenograft tumor growth at a halved rate. In contrast, disruption of the lactic acid transporters MCT1/4 suppressed glycolysis, mTORC1, and tumor growth as a result of intracellular acidosis. Furthermore, the global reduction of tumor acidity contributes to activation of the antitumor immune responses, offering hope for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K. Parks
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco
| | - Wolfgang Mueller-Klieser
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacques Pouysségur
- Department of Medical Biology, Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), 98000 Monaco
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Centre A. Lacassagne, University Côte d'Azur, 06189 Nice, France
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25
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Jakkamsetti V, Marin-Valencia I, Ma Q, Good LB, Terrill T, Rajasekaran K, Pichumani K, Khemtong C, Hooshyar MA, Sundarrajan C, Patel MS, Bachoo RM, Malloy CR, Pascual JM. Brain metabolism modulates neuronal excitability in a mouse model of pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/480/eaan0457. [PMID: 30787166 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is the ultimate substrate for most brain activities that use carbon, including synthesis of the neurotransmitters glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid via mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Brain metabolism and neuronal excitability are thus interdependent. However, the principles that govern their relationship are not always intuitive because heritable defects of brain glucose metabolism are associated with the paradoxical coexistence, in the same individual, of episodic neuronal hyperexcitation (seizures) with reduced basal cerebral electrical activity. One such prototypic disorder is pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency (PDHD). PDH is central to metabolism because it steers most of the glucose-derived flux into the TCA cycle. To better understand the pathophysiology of PDHD, we generated mice with brain-specific reduced PDH activity that paralleled salient human disease features, including cerebral hypotrophy, decreased amplitude electroencephalogram (EEG), and epilepsy. The mice exhibited reductions in cerebral TCA cycle flux, glutamate content, spontaneous, and electrically evoked in vivo cortical field potentials and gamma EEG oscillation amplitude. Episodic decreases in gamma oscillations preceded most epileptiform discharges, facilitating their prediction. Fast-spiking neuron excitability was decreased in brain slices, contributing to in vivo action potential burst prolongation after whisker pad stimulation. These features were partially reversed after systemic administration of acetate, which augmented cerebral TCA cycle flux, glutamate-dependent synaptic transmission, inhibition and gamma oscillations, and reduced epileptiform discharge duration. Thus, our results suggest that dysfunctional excitability in PDHD is consequent to reduced oxidative flux, which leads to decreased neuronal activation and impaired inhibition, and can be mitigated by an alternative metabolic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Jakkamsetti
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Isaac Marin-Valencia
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Qian Ma
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Levi B Good
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tyler Terrill
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Karthik Rajasekaran
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kumar Pichumani
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - M Ali Hooshyar
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Sundarrajan
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Robert M Bachoo
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Juan M Pascual
- Rare Brain Disorders Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. .,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth & Development / Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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26
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Naiman S, Huynh FK, Gil R, Glick Y, Shahar Y, Touitou N, Nahum L, Avivi MY, Roichman A, Kanfi Y, Gertler AA, Doniger T, Ilkayeva OR, Abramovich I, Yaron O, Lerrer B, Gottlieb E, Harris RA, Gerber D, Hirschey MD, Cohen HY. SIRT6 Promotes Hepatic Beta-Oxidation via Activation of PPARα. Cell Rep 2019; 29:4127-4143.e8. [PMID: 31851938 PMCID: PMC7165364 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-longevity enzyme SIRT6 regulates various metabolic pathways. Gene expression analyses in SIRT6 heterozygotic mice identify significant decreases in PPARα signaling, known to regulate multiple metabolic pathways. SIRT6 binds PPARα and its response element within promoter regions and activates gene transcription. Sirt6+/- results in significantly reduced PPARα-induced β-oxidation and its metabolites and reduced alanine and lactate levels, while inducing pyruvate oxidation. Reciprocally, starved SIRT6 transgenic mice show increased pyruvate, acetylcarnitine, and glycerol levels and significantly induce β-oxidation genes in a PPARα-dependent manner. Furthermore, SIRT6 mediates PPARα inhibition of SREBP-dependent cholesterol and triglyceride synthesis. Mechanistically, SIRT6 binds PPARα coactivator NCOA2 and decreases liver NCOA2 K780 acetylation, which stimulates its activation of PPARα in a SIRT6-dependent manner. These coordinated SIRT6 activities lead to regulation of whole-body respiratory exchange ratio and liver fat content, revealing the interactions whereby SIRT6 synchronizes various metabolic pathways, and suggest a mechanism by which SIRT6 maintains healthy liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Naiman
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Frank K Huynh
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Reuven Gil
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yair Glick
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yael Shahar
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Noga Touitou
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Liat Nahum
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Matan Y Avivi
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Asael Roichman
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yariv Kanfi
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Asaf A Gertler
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tirza Doniger
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ifat Abramovich
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Street, Bat Galim, Haifa, Israel
| | - Orly Yaron
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Batia Lerrer
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron Street, Bat Galim, Haifa, Israel
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Doron Gerber
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; Bar Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Haim Y Cohen
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
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27
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Duan L, Ramachandran A, Akakpo JY, Woolbright BL, Zhang Y, Jaeschke H. Mice deficient in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 are protected against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 387:114849. [PMID: 31809757 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Though mitochondrial oxidant stress plays a critical role in the progression of acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced liver damage, the influence of mitochondrial bioenergetics on this is not well characterized. This is important, since lifestyle and diet alter hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetics and an understanding of its effects on APAP-induced liver injury is clinically relevant. Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is critical to mitochondrial bioenergetics, since it controls the rate of generation of reducing equivalents driving respiration, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) regulates (inhibits) PDH by phosphorylation. We examined APAP-induced liver injury in PDK4-deficient (PDK4-/-) mice, which would have constitutively active PDH and hence elevated flux through the mitochondrial electron transport chain. PDK4-/- mice showed significant protection against APAP-induced liver injury when compared to wild type (WT) mice as measured by ALT levels and histology. Deficiency of PDK4 did not alter APAP metabolism, with similar APAP-adduct levels in PDK4-/- and WT mice, and no difference in JNK activation and translocation to mitochondria. However, subsequent amplification of mitochondrial dysfunction with release of mitochondrial AIF, peroxynitrite formation and DNA fragmentation were prevented. Interestingly, APAP induced a rapid decline in UCP2 protein levels in PDK4-deficient mice. These data suggest that adaptive changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics induced by enhanced respiratory chain flux in PDK4-/- mice render them highly efficient in handling APAP-induced oxidant stress, probably through modulation of UCP2 levels. Further investigation of these specific adaptive mechanisms would provide better insight into the control exerted by mitochondrial bioenergetics on cellular responses to an APAP overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics and Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics and Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jephte Y Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics and Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics and Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics and Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics and Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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28
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Olaniyi KS, Olatunji LA. Oral ethinylestradiol–levonorgestrel normalizes fructose-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and glycogen depletion in female rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1042-1052. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of oral ethinylestradiol–levonorgestrel (EEL) on hepatic lipid and glycogen contents during high fructose (HF) intake, and determined whether pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity were involved in HF and (or) EEL-induced hepatic dysmetabolism. Female Wistar rats weighing 140–160 g were divided into groups. The control, EEL, HF, and EEL+HF groups received water (vehicle, p.o.), 1.0 μg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 μg levonorgestrel (p.o.), fructose (10% w/v), and EEL plus HF, respectively, on a daily basis for 8 weeks. Results revealed that treatment with EEL or HF led to insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, increased hepatic uric acid production and triglyceride content, reduced glycogen content, and reduced production of plasma or hepatic glutathione- and G6PD-dependent antioxidants. HF but not EEL also increased fasting glucose and hepatic PDK-4. Nonetheless, these alterations were attenuated by EEL in HF-treated rats. Our results demonstrate that hepatic lipid accumulation and glycogen depletion induced by HF is accompanied by increased PDK-4 and defective G6PD activity. The findings also suggest that EEL would attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation and glycogen depletion by suppression of PDK-4 and enhancement of a G6PD-dependent antioxidant barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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29
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Newhardt MF, Batushansky A, Matsuzaki S, Young ZT, West M, Chin NC, Szweda LI, Kinter M, Humphries KM. Enhancing cardiac glycolysis causes an increase in PDK4 content in response to short-term high-fat diet. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16831-16845. [PMID: 31562244 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy heart has a dynamic capacity to respond and adapt to changes in nutrient availability. Metabolic inflexibility, such as occurs with diabetes, increases cardiac reliance on fatty acids to meet energetic demands, and this results in deleterious effects, including mitochondrial dysfunction, that contribute to pathophysiology. Enhancing glucose usage may mitigate metabolic inflexibility and be advantageous under such conditions. Here, we sought to identify how mitochondrial function and cardiac metabolism are affected in a transgenic mouse model of enhanced cardiac glycolysis (GlycoHi) basally and following a short-term (7-day) high-fat diet (HFD). GlycoHi mice constitutively express an active form of phosphofructokinase-2, resulting in elevated levels of the PFK-1 allosteric activator fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. We report that basally GlycoHi mitochondria exhibit augmented pyruvate-supported respiration relative to fatty acids. Nevertheless, both WT and GlycoHi mitochondria had a similar shift toward increased rates of fatty acid-supported respiration following HFD. Metabolic profiling by GC-MS revealed distinct features based on both genotype and diet, with a unique increase in branched-chain amino acids in the GlycoHi HFD group. Targeted quantitative proteomics analysis also supported both genotype- and diet-dependent changes in protein expression and uncovered an enhanced expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in the GlycoHi HFD group. These results support a newly identified mechanism whereby the levels of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate promote mitochondrial PDK4 levels and identify a secondary adaptive response that prevents excessive mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation when glycolysis is sustained after a high-fat dietary challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Newhardt
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Albert Batushansky
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Satoshi Matsuzaki
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Zachary T Young
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Melinda West
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Ngun Cer Chin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Luke I Szweda
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
| | - Michael Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Kenneth M Humphries
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104 .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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30
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Lindquist C, Bjørndal B, Bakke HG, Slettom G, Karoliussen M, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH, Skorve J, Nygård OK, Berge RK. A mitochondria-targeted fatty acid analogue influences hepatic glucose metabolism and reduces the plasma insulin/glucose ratio in male Wistar rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222558. [PMID: 31550253 PMCID: PMC6759202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A fatty acid analogue, 2-(tridec-12-yn-1-ylthio)acetic acid (1-triple TTA), was previously shown to have hypolipidemic effects in rats by targeting mitochondrial activity predominantly in liver. This study aimed to determine if 1-triple TTA could influence carbohydrate metabolism. Male Wistar rats were treated for three weeks with oral supplementation of 100 mg/kg body weight 1-triple TTA. Blood glucose and insulin levels, and liver carbohydrate metabolism gene expression and enzyme activities were determined. In addition, human myotubes and Huh7 liver cells were treated with 1-triple TTA, and glucose and fatty acid oxidation were determined. The level of plasma insulin was significantly reduced in 1-triple TTA-treated rats, resulting in a 32% reduction in the insulin/glucose ratio. The hepatic glucose and glycogen levels were lowered by 22% and 49%, respectively, compared to control. This was accompanied by lower hepatic gene expression of phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, and Hnf4A, a regulator of gluconeogenesis. Gene expression of pyruvate kinase, catalysing the final step of glycolysis, was also reduced by 1-triple TTA. In addition, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was reduced, accompanied by 10-15-fold increased gene expression of its regulator pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 compared to control, suggesting reduced entry of pyruvate into the TCA cycle. Indeed, the NADPH-generating enzyme malic enzyme 1 (ME1) catalysing production of pyruvate from malate, was increased 13-fold at the gene expression level. Despite the decreased glycogen level, genes involved in glycogen synthesis were not affected in livers of 1-triple TTA treated rats. In contrast, the pentose phosphate pathway seemed to be increased as the hepatic gene expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was higher in 1-triple TTA treated rats compared to controls. In human Huh7 liver cells, but not in myotubes, 1-triple-TTA reduced glucose oxidation and induced fatty acid oxidation, in line with previous observations of increased hepatic mitochondrial palmitoyl-CoA oxidation in rats. Importantly, this work recognizes the liver as an important organ in glucose homeostasis. The mitochondrially targeted fatty acid analogue 1-triple TTA seemed to lower hepatic glucose and glycogen levels by inhibition of gluconeogenesis. This was also linked to a reduction in glucose oxidation accompanied by reduced PHD activity and stimulation of ME1 and G6PD, favouring a shift from glucose- to fatty acid oxidation. The reduced plasma insulin/glucose ratio indicate that 1-triple TTA may improve glucose tolerance in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Lindquist
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hege G. Bakke
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grete Slettom
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marie Karoliussen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C. Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G. Hege Thoresen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Skorve
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ottar K. Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
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31
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Min BK, Park S, Kang HJ, Kim DW, Ham HJ, Ha CM, Choi BJ, Lee JY, Oh CJ, Yoo EK, Kim HE, Kim BG, Jeon JH, Hyeon DY, Hwang D, Kim YH, Lee CH, Lee T, Kim JW, Choi YK, Park KG, Chawla A, Lee J, Harris RA, Lee IK. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Is a Metabolic Checkpoint for Polarization of Macrophages to the M1 Phenotype. Front Immunol 2019; 10:944. [PMID: 31134063 PMCID: PMC6514528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming during macrophage polarization supports the effector functions of these cells in health and disease. Here, we demonstrate that pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), which inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase-mediated conversion of cytosolic pyruvate to mitochondrial acetyl-CoA, functions as a metabolic checkpoint in M1 macrophages. Polarization was not prevented by PDK2 or PDK4 deletion but was fully prevented by the combined deletion of PDK2 and PDK4; this lack of polarization was correlated with improved mitochondrial respiration and rewiring of metabolic breaks that are characterized by increased glycolytic intermediates and reduced metabolites in the TCA cycle. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PDK2/4 prevents polarization of macrophages to the M1 phenotype in response to inflammatory stimuli (lipopolysaccharide plus IFN-γ). Transplantation of PDK2/4-deficient bone marrow into irradiated wild-type mice to produce mice with PDK2/4-deficient myeloid cells prevented M1 polarization, reduced obesity-associated insulin resistance, and ameliorated adipose tissue inflammation. A novel, pharmacological PDK inhibitor, KPLH1130, improved high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance; this was correlated with a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory markers and improved mitochondrial function. These studies identify PDK2/4 as a metabolic checkpoint for M1 phenotype polarization of macrophages, which could potentially be exploited as a novel therapeutic target for obesity-associated metabolic disorders and other inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong-Keol Min
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sungmi Park
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Kang
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Ham
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chae-Myeong Ha
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Jun Choi
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung Yi Lee
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Yoo
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hui Eon Kim
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Do Young Hyeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung-whan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Yeon-Kyung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ajay Chawla
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jongsoon Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science, Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Robert A. Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Leading-Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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32
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Pin F, Novinger LJ, Huot JR, Harris RA, Couch ME, O'Connell TM, Bonetto A. PDK4 drives metabolic alterations and muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. FASEB J 2019; 33:7778-7790. [PMID: 30894018 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802799r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cachexia is frequently accompanied by severe metabolic derangements, although the mechanisms responsible for this debilitating condition remain unclear. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)4, a critical regulator of cellular energetic metabolism, was found elevated in experimental models of cancer, starvation, diabetes, and sepsis. Here we aimed to investigate the link between PDK4 and the changes in muscle size in cancer cachexia. High PDK4 and abnormal energetic metabolism were found in the skeletal muscle of colon-26 tumor hosts, as well as in mice fed a diet enriched in Pirinixic acid, previously shown to increase PDK4 levels. Viral-mediated PDK4 overexpression in myotube cultures was sufficient to promote myofiber shrinkage, consistent with enhanced protein catabolism and mitochondrial abnormalities. On the contrary, blockade of PDK4 was sufficient to restore myotube size in C2C12 cultures exposed to tumor media. Our data support, for the first time, a direct role for PDK4 in promoting cancer-associated muscle metabolic alterations and skeletal muscle atrophy.-Pin, F., Novinger, L. J., Huot, J. R., Harris, R. A., Couch, M. E., O'Connell, T. M., Bonetto, A. PDK4 drives metabolic alterations and muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation, and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Leah J Novinger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joshua R Huot
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation, and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Marion E Couch
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation, and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Thomas M O'Connell
- Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation, and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation, and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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33
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Khan MW, Priyadarshini M, Cordoba-Chacon J, Becker TC, Layden BT. Hepatic hexokinase domain containing 1 (HKDC1) improves whole body glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in pregnant mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:678-687. [PMID: 30543855 PMCID: PMC6387585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase domain containing 1, a recently discovered putative fifth hexokinase, is hypothesized to play key roles in glucose metabolism. Specifically, during pregnancy in a recent genome wide association study (GWAS), a strong correlation between HKDC1 and 2-h plasma glucose in pregnant women from different ethnic backgrounds was shown. Our earlier work also reported diminished glucose tolerance during pregnancy in our whole body HKDC1 heterozygous mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that HKDC1 plays important roles in gestational metabolism, and designed this study to assess the role of hepatic HKDC1 in whole body glucose utilization and insulin action during pregnancy. We overexpressed human HKDC1 in mouse liver by injecting a human HKDC1 adenoviral construct; whereas, for the liver-specific HKDC1 knockout model, we used AAV-Cre constructs in our HKDC1fl/fl mice. Both groups of mice were subjected to metabolic testing before and during pregnancy on gestation day 17-18. Our results indicate that hepatic HKDC1 overexpression during pregnancy leads to improved whole-body glucose tolerance and enhanced hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity while hepatic HKDC1 knockout results in diminished glucose tolerance. Further, we observed reduced gluconeogenesis with hepatic HKDC1 overexpression while HKDC1 knockout led to increased gluconeogenesis. These changes were associated with significantly enhanced ketone body production in HKDC1 overexpressing mice, indicating that these mice shift their metabolic needs from glucose reliance to greater fat oxidation and ketone utilization during fasting. Taken together, our results indicate that hepatic HKDC1 contributes to whole body glucose disposal, insulin sensitivity, and aspects of nutrient balance during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Medha Priyadarshini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas C Becker
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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34
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Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 by l-glutamine protects pregnant rats against fructose-induced obesity and hepatic lipid accumulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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35
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Sukonina V, Ma H, Zhang W, Bartesaghi S, Subhash S, Heglind M, Foyn H, Betz MJ, Nilsson D, Lidell ME, Naumann J, Haufs-Brusberg S, Palmgren H, Mondal T, Beg M, Jedrychowski MP, Taskén K, Pfeifer A, Peng XR, Kanduri C, Enerbäck S. FOXK1 and FOXK2 regulate aerobic glycolysis. Nature 2019; 566:279-283. [PMID: 30700909 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to the environment and extraction of energy are essential for survival. Some species have found niches and specialized in using a particular source of energy, whereas others-including humans and several other mammals-have developed a high degree of flexibility1. A lot is known about the general metabolic fates of different substrates but we still lack a detailed mechanistic understanding of how cells adapt in their use of basic nutrients2. Here we show that the closely related fasting/starvation-induced forkhead transcription factors FOXK1 and FOXK2 induce aerobic glycolysis by upregulating the enzymatic machinery required for this (for example, hexokinase-2, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase), while at the same time suppressing further oxidation of pyruvate in the mitochondria by increasing the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases 1 and 4. Together with suppression of the catalytic subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 this leads to increased phosphorylation of the E1α regulatory subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which in turn inhibits further oxidation of pyruvate in the mitochondria-instead, pyruvate is reduced to lactate. Suppression of FOXK1 and FOXK2 induce the opposite phenotype. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments, including studies of primary human cells, show how FOXK1 and/or FOXK2 are likely to act as important regulators that reprogram cellular metabolism to induce aerobic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sukonina
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Haixia Ma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Bartesaghi
- Diabetes Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZenca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Santhilal Subhash
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Heglind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håvard Foyn
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthias J Betz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin E Lidell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Naumann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,PharmaCenter, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Saskia Haufs-Brusberg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,PharmaCenter, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henrik Palmgren
- Diabetes Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZenca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tanmoy Mondal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Muheeb Beg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,PharmaCenter, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiao-Rong Peng
- Diabetes Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZenca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chandrasekhar Kanduri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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36
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Lee D, Pagire HS, Pagire SH, Bae EJ, Dighe M, Kim M, Lee KM, Jang YK, Jaladi AK, Jung KY, Yoo EK, Gim HE, Lee S, Choi WI, Chi YI, Song JS, Bae MA, Jeon YH, Lee GH, Liu KH, Lee T, Park S, Jeon JH, Lee IK, Ahn JH. Discovery of Novel Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Inhibitors for Potential Oral Treatment of Metabolic Diseases. J Med Chem 2019; 62:575-588. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dahye Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Haushabhau S. Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvarna H. Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Dighe
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Myung Lee
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashok Kumar Jaladi
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Young Jung
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Yoo
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Eon Gim
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmi Lee
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Choi
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-In Chi
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Song
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmi Park
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Klyuyeva A, Tuganova A, Kedishvili N, Popov KM. Tissue-specific kinase expression and activity regulate flux through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:838-851. [PMID: 30482839 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a multienzyme assembly that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. As pyruvate and acetyl-CoA play central roles in cellular metabolism, understanding PDC regulation is pivotal to understanding the larger metabolic network. The activity of mammalian PDC is regulated through reversible phosphorylation governed by at least four isozymes of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). Deciphering which kinase regulates PDC in organisms at specific times or places has been challenging. In this study, we analyzed mouse strains carrying targeted mutations of individual isozymes to explore their role in regulating PDC activity. Analysis of protein content of PDK isozymes in major metabolic tissues revealed that PDK1 and PDK2 were ubiquitously expressed, whereas PDK3 and PDK4 displayed a rather limited tissue distribution. Measurement of kinase activity showed that PDK1 is the principal isozyme regulating hepatic PDC. PDK2 was largely responsible for inactivation of PDC in tissues of muscle origin and brown adipose tissue (BAT). PDK3 was the principal kinase regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in kidney and brain. In a well-fed state, the tissue levels of PDK4 protein were fairly low. In most tissues tested, PDK4 ablation had little effect on the overall rates of inactivation of PDC in kinase reaction. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the activity of PDC is regulated by different isozymes in different tissues. Furthermore, it appears that the overall flux through PDC in a given tissue largely reflects the properties of the PDK isozyme that is principally responsible for the regulation of PDC activity in that tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Klyuyeva
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Alina Tuganova
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Natalia Kedishvili
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Kirill M Popov
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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Wang Z, Xu D, She L, Zhang Y, Wei Q, Aa J, Wang G, Liu B, Xie Y. Curcumin restrains hepatic glucose production by blocking cAMP/PKA signaling and reducing acetyl CoA accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:127-136. [PMID: 29499209 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is designed to investigate whether curcumin reduces excessive hepatic glucose production (HGP) via regulation of second messenger cAMP. METHODS High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were orally administrated of metformin (200 mg/kg) or curcumin (50 mg/kg) daily for 10 weeks. Meanwhile, we stimulated mouse primary hepatocytes with palmitate (PA). RESULTS Curcumin reduced hepatic cAMP accumulation by preserving PDE4B induction, thereby suppressing gluconeogenesis via blocking cAMP/PKA activation. Curcumin reduced lipid deposition by reducing free fatty acid uptake and prevented acetyl CoA accumulation by combating mitochondrial oxidation. As a result from inhibiting acetyl CoA accumulation, curcumin protected pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity and inhibited pyruvate carboxylase (PC), limiting the shift of mitochondrial pyruvate from oxidation to gluconeogenesis via the carboxylation. CONCLUSION Curcumin reduced cAMP accumulation by preserving PDE4B activity and inhibited acetyl CoA production by reducing mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, thereby restraining pyruvate-driven hepatic glucose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Research and Development Center, Nanjing Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Linlin She
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yirui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiye Aa
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Park BY, Jeon JH, Go Y, Ham HJ, Kim JE, Yoo EK, Kwon WH, Jeoung NH, Jeon YH, Koo SH, Kim BG, He L, Park KG, Harris RA, Lee IK. PDK4 Deficiency Suppresses Hepatic Glucagon Signaling by Decreasing cAMP Levels. Diabetes 2018; 67:2054-2068. [PMID: 30065033 PMCID: PMC6463749 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In fasting or diabetes, gluconeogenic genes are transcriptionally activated by glucagon stimulation of the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-CREB signaling pathway. Previous work showed pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibition in skeletal muscle increases pyruvate oxidation, which limits the availability of gluconeogenic substrates in the liver. However, this study found upregulation of hepatic PDK4 promoted glucagon-mediated expression of gluconeogenic genes, whereas knockdown or inhibition of hepatic PDK4 caused the opposite effect on gluconeogenic gene expression and decreased hepatic glucose production. Mechanistically, PDK4 deficiency decreased ATP levels, thus increasing phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), which increased p-AMPK-sensitive phosphorylation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4B (p-PDE4B). This reduced cAMP levels and consequently p-CREB. Metabolic flux analysis showed that the reduction in ATP was a consequence of a diminished rate of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). However, overexpression of PDK4 increased FAO and increased ATP levels, which decreased p-AMPK and p-PDE4B and allowed greater accumulation of cAMP and p-CREB. The latter were abrogated by the FAO inhibitor etomoxir, suggesting a critical role for PDK4 in FAO stimulation and the regulation of cAMP levels. This finding strengthens the possibility of PDK4 as a target against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Ham
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kim
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Yoo
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Hee Kwon
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Ho Jeoung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Cedernaes J, Schönke M, Westholm JO, Mi J, Chibalin A, Voisin S, Osler M, Vogel H, Hörnaeus K, Dickson SL, Lind SB, Bergquist J, Schiöth HB, Zierath JR, Benedict C. Acute sleep loss results in tissue-specific alterations in genome-wide DNA methylation state and metabolic fuel utilization in humans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar8590. [PMID: 30140739 PMCID: PMC6105229 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar8590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Curtailed sleep promotes weight gain and loss of lean mass in humans, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated the genomic and physiological impact of acute sleep loss in peripheral tissues by obtaining adipose tissue and skeletal muscle after one night of sleep loss and after one full night of sleep. We find that acute sleep loss alters genome-wide DNA methylation in adipose tissue, and unbiased transcriptome-, protein-, and metabolite-level analyses also reveal highly tissue-specific changes that are partially reflected by altered metabolite levels in blood. We observe transcriptomic signatures of inflammation in both tissues following acute sleep loss, but changes involving the circadian clock are evident only in skeletal muscle, and we uncover molecular signatures suggestive of muscle breakdown that contrast with an anabolic adipose tissue signature. Our findings provide insight into how disruption of sleep and circadian rhythms may promote weight gain and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Schönke
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jakub Orzechowski Westholm
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia Mi
- Department of Chemistry–BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medicine and Pharmarcy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Alexander Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Megan Osler
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Heike Vogel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Suzanne L. Dickson
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry–BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Precision Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juleen R. Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Gudiksen A, Bertholdt L, Stankiewicz T, Villesen I, Bangsbo J, Plomgaard P, Pilegaard H. Training state and fasting-induced PDH regulation in human skeletal muscle. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1633-1645. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Deficiency of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 sensitizes mouse liver to diethylnitrosamine and arsenic toxicity through inducing apoptosis. LIVER RESEARCH 2018; 2:100-107. [PMID: 31815032 PMCID: PMC6896988 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is a metabolism switch that regulates glucose oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) in the mitochondria. Liver detoxifies xenobiotics and is constantly challenged by various injuries. This study aims at understanding how the loss of the metabolism regulator PDK4 contributes to liver injuries. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Pdk4 knockout (Pdk4 -/-) mice of different ages were examined for spontaneous hepatic apoptosis. Juvenile or adult mice of two genotypes were insulted by diethylnitrosamine (DEN), arsenic, galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS), anti-CD95 (Jo2) antibody or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Liver injury was monitored by blood biochemistry test. Apoptosis was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and caspase activity assay. Inflammatory response was determined by nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and the activation of NF-κB target genes. Primary hepatocytes were isolated and cell viability was evaluated by MTS assay. RESULTS We showed that systematic Pdk4 -/- in mice resulted in age-dependent spontaneous hepatic apoptosis. PDK4-deficiency increased the toxicity of DEN in juvenile mice, which correlated with a lethal consequence and massive hepatic apoptosis. Similarly, chronic arsenic administration induced more severe hepatic apoptosis in Pdk4 -/- mice compared to WT control mice. An aggravated hepatic NF-κB mediated-inflammatory response was observed in Pdk4 -/- mice livers. In vitro, Pdk4-deficient primary hepatocytes were more vulnerable to DEN and arsenic challenges and displayed higher caspase activity than wild type cells. Notably, hepatic PDK4 mRNA level was remarkably reduced during acute liver failure induced by GalN/LPS or Jo2 antibody. The diminished PDK4 expression was also observed in CCl4-induced acute liver injury. CONCLUSIONS PDK4 may contribute to the protection from apoptotic injury in mouse liver.
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Liu F, Gong R, Lv X, Li H. The expression profiling and ontology analysis of non-coding RNAs in dexamethasone induced steatosis in hepatoma cell. Gene 2018; 650:19-26. [PMID: 29409992 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Schafer C, Young ZT, Makarewich CA, Elnwasany A, Kinter C, Kinter M, Szweda LI. Coenzyme A-mediated degradation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 promotes cardiac metabolic flexibility after high-fat feeding in mice. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29540486 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac energy is produced primarily by oxidation of fatty acids and glucose, with the relative contributions of each nutrient being sensitive to changes in substrate availability and energetic demand. A major contributor to cardiac metabolic flexibility is pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts glucose-derived pyruvate to acetyl-CoA within the mitochondria. PDH is inhibited by phosphorylation dependent on the competing activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK1-4) and phosphatases (PDP1-2). A single high-fat meal increases cardiac PDK4 content and subsequently inhibits PDH activity, reducing pyruvate utilization when abundant fatty acids are available. In this study, we demonstrate that diet-induced increases in PDK4 are reversible and characterize a novel pathway that regulates PDK4 degradation in response to the cardiac metabolic environment. We found that PDK4 degradation is promoted by CoA (CoASH), the levels of which declined in mice fed a high-fat diet and normalized following transition to a control diet. We conclude that CoASH functions as a metabolic sensor linking the rate of PDK4 degradation to fatty acid availability in the heart. However, prolonged high-fat feeding followed by return to a low-fat diet resulted in persistent in vitro sensitivity of PDH to fatty acid-induced inhibition despite reductions in PDK4 content. Moreover, increases in the levels of proteins responsible for β-oxidation and rates of palmitate oxidation by isolated cardiac mitochondria following long-term consumption of high dietary fat persisted after transition to the control diet. We propose that these changes prime PDH for inhibition upon reintroduction of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schafer
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Zachary T Young
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Catherine A Makarewich
- the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, and
| | - Abdallah Elnwasany
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
| | - Caroline Kinter
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Michael Kinter
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Luke I Szweda
- From the Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, .,the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8573
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Walhin JP, Dixon NC, Betts JA, Thompson D. The impact of exercise intensity on whole body and adipose tissue metabolism during energy restriction in sedentary overweight men and postmenopausal women. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/24/e13026. [PMID: 28039399 PMCID: PMC5210391 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish whether vigorous‐intensity exercise offers additional adipose‐related health benefits and metabolic improvements compared to energy‐matched moderate‐intensity exercise. Thirty‐eight sedentary overweight men (n = 24) and postmenopausal women (n = 14) aged 52 ± 5 years (mean ± standard deviations [SD]) were prescribed a 3‐week energy deficit (29302 kJ∙week−1) achieved by increased isocaloric moderate or vigorous‐intensity exercise (+8372 kJ∙week−1) and simultaneous restricted energy intake (−20930 kJ∙week−1). Participants were randomly assigned to either an energy‐matched vigorous (VIG; n = 18) or moderate (MOD; n = 20) intensity exercise group (five times per week at 70% or 50% maximal oxygen uptake, respectively). At baseline and follow‐up, fasted blood samples and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained and oral glucose tolerance tests conducted. Body mass was reduced similarly in both groups (∆ 2.4 ± 1.1 kg and ∆ 2.4 ± 1.4 kg, respectively, P < 0.05). Insulinemic responses to a standard glucose load decreased similarly at follow‐up relative to baseline in VIG (∆ 8.6 ± 15.4 nmol.120 min.l−1) and MOD (∆ 5.4 ± 8.5 nmol.120 min.l−1; P < 0.05). Expression of SREBP‐1c and FAS in adipose tissue was significantly down‐regulated, whereas expression of PDK4 and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) was significantly up‐regulated in both groups (P < 0.05). Thus, when energy expenditure and energy deficit are matched, vigorous or moderate‐intensity exercise combined with energy restriction provide broadly similar (positive) changes in metabolic control and adipose tissue gene expression.
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Ding GL, Liu XM, Ye J, Sheng JZ, Fan J, Huang HF. Regulation of hepatic pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation in offspring glucose intolerance induced by intrauterine hyperglycemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15205-15212. [PMID: 28148899 PMCID: PMC5362479 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been shown to be associated with a high risk of diabetes in offspring. In mitochondria, the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity by PDH phosphorylation is involved in the development of diabetes. We aimed to determine the role of PDH phosphorylation in the liver in GDM-induced offspring glucose intolerance. Results PDH phosphorylation was increased in lymphocytes from the umbilical cord blood of the GDM patients and in high glucose-treated hepatic cells. Both the male and female offspring from GDM mice had elevated liver weights and glucose intolerance. Further, PDH phosphorylation was increased in the livers of both the male and female offspring from GDM mice, and elevated acetylation may have contributed to this increased phosphorylation. Materials and methods We obtained lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood collected from both normal and GDM pregnant women. In addition, we obtained the offspring of streptozotocin-induced GDM female pregnant mice. The glucose tolerance test was performed to assess glucose tolerance in the offspring. Further, Western blotting was conducted to detect changes in protein levels. Conclusions Intrauterine hyperglycemia induced offspring glucose intolerance by inhibiting PDH activity, along with increased PDH phosphorylation in the liver, and this effect might be mediated by enhanced mitochondrial protein acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guo-Lian Ding
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xin-Mei Liu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Antioxidant and Gene Regulation Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jian-Zhong Sheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianxia Fan
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Chiglitazar Preferentially Regulates Gene Expression via Configuration-Restricted Binding and Phosphorylation Inhibition of PPAR γ. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:4313561. [PMID: 29056962 PMCID: PMC5625810 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4313561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often treated with insulin-sensitizing drugs called thiazolidinediones (TZD), which improve insulin resistance and glycemic control. Despite their effectiveness in treating diabetes, these drugs provide little protection from eminent cardiovascular disease associated with diabetes. Here we demonstrate how chiglitazar, a configuration-restricted non-TZD peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pan agonist with moderate transcription activity, preferentially regulates ANGPTL4 and PDK4, which are involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. CDK5-mediated phosphorylation at serine 273 (S273) is a unique regulatory mechanism reserved for PPARγ, and this event is linked to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our data demonstrates that chiglitazar modulates gene expression differently from two TZDs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, via its configuration-restricted binding and phosphorylation inhibition of PPARγ. Chiglitazar induced significantly greater expression of ANGPTL4 and PDK4 than rosiglitazone and pioglitazone in different cell models. These increased expressions were dependent on the phosphorylation status of PPARγ at S273. Furthermore, ChIP and AlphaScreen assays showed that phosphorylation at S273 inhibited promoter binding and cofactor recruitment by PPARγ. Based on these results, activities from pan agonist chiglitazar can be an effective part of a long-term therapeutic strategy for treating type 2 diabetes in a more balanced action among its targeted organs.
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Pegolo S, Cecchinato A, Mach N, Babbucci M, Pauletto M, Bargelloni L, Schiavon S, Bittante G. Transcriptomic Changes in Liver of Young Bulls Caused by Diets Low in Mineral and Protein Contents and Supplemented with n-3 Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acid. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167747. [PMID: 27930681 PMCID: PMC5145186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify transcriptional modifications and regulatory networks accounting for physiological and metabolic responses to specific nutrients in the liver of young Belgian Blue × Holstein bulls using RNA-sequencing. A larger trial has been carried out in which animals were fed with different diets: 1] a conventional diet; 2] a low-protein/low-mineral diet (low-impact diet) and 3] a diet enriched in n-3 fatty acids (FAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vitamin E (nutraceutical diet). The initial hypothesis was that the administration of low-impact and nutraceutical diets might influence the transcriptional profiles in bovine liver and the resultant nutrient fluxes, which are essential for optimal liver function and nutrient interconversion. Results showed that the nutraceutical diet significantly reduced subcutaneous fat covering in vivo and liver pH. Dietary treatments did not affect overall liver fat content, but significantly modified the liver profile of 33 FA traits (out of the total 89 identified by gas-chromatography). In bulls fed nutraceutical diet, the percentage of n-3 and CLA FAs increased around 2.5-fold compared with the other diets, whereas the ratio of n6/n3 decreased 2.5-fold. Liver transcriptomic analyses revealed a total of 198 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) when comparing low-impact, nutraceutical and conventional diets, with the nutraceutical diet showing the greatest effects on liver transcriptome. Functional analyses using ClueGo and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis evidenced that DEGs in bovine liver were variously involved in energy reserve metabolic process, glutathione metabolism, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Modifications in feeding strategies affected key transcription factors regulating the expression of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, e.g. insulin-induced gene 1, insulin receptor substrate 2, and RAR-related orphan receptor C. This study provides noteworthy insights into the molecular changes occurring as a result of nutrient variation in diets (aimed at reducing the environmental impact and improving human health) and broadens our understanding of the relationship between nutrients variation and phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Alessio Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Núria Mach
- Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology unit (GABI), INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Massimiliano Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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49
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Go Y, Jeong JY, Jeoung NH, Jeon JH, Park BY, Kang HJ, Ha CM, Choi YK, Lee SJ, Ham HJ, Kim BG, Park KG, Park SY, Lee CH, Choi CS, Park TS, Lee WNP, Harris RA, Lee IK. Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 2 Protects Against Hepatic Steatosis Through Modulation of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Anaplerosis and Ketogenesis. Diabetes 2016; 65:2876-87. [PMID: 27385159 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is associated with increased insulin resistance and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux, but decreased ketogenesis and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) flux. This study examined whether hepatic PDC activation by inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) ameliorates these metabolic abnormalities. Wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and increased levels of pyruvate, TCA cycle intermediates, and malonyl-CoA but reduced ketogenesis and PDC activity due to PDK2 induction. Hepatic PDC activation by PDK2 inhibition attenuated hepatic steatosis, improved hepatic insulin sensitivity, reduced hepatic glucose production, increased capacity for β-oxidation and ketogenesis, and decreased the capacity for lipogenesis. These results were attributed to altered enzymatic capacities and a reduction in TCA anaplerosis that limited the availability of oxaloacetate for the TCA cycle, which promoted ketogenesis. The current study reports that increasing hepatic PDC activity by inhibition of PDK2 ameliorates hepatic steatosis and insulin sensitivity by regulating TCA cycle anaplerosis and ketogenesis. The findings suggest PDK2 is a potential therapeutic target for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Go
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Nam Ho Jeoung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bo-Yoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chae-Myeong Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Ham
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Disease Model Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Inchon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Inchon, South Korea
| | - W N Paul Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Robert A Harris
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs at Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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50
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Sariri R, Varasteh A, Sajedi RH. Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Tear Proteins. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2016; 53:147-51. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Muslims abstain from eating, drinking and smoking from dawn to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan. Prolonged fasting is thought to be among risk factors for many diseases, e.g., cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and various infectious diseases. It could also play a part in several eye diseases, including dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, and cataract. Toxic and oxidative effects due to increased concentrations of some biochemicals as a result of reduction in tear volume thought to play an important role in damaging ocular tissue. Human tear is an important biological fluid similar to blood in many aspects. Tear film is composed of three basic layers i.e. lipid, aqueous and mucin. The tear film covering the ocular surface presents a mechanical and antimicrobial barrier, and endures an optical refractive surface. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare tear protein of volunteers during fasting. Using two reliable analytical methods, i.e. electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we compared tear protein content of sixty volunteers (35 males and 25 females, 23–27 years old) during fasting in holly month of Ramadan (FAST: n=62) and one month before Ramadan (CTRL: n=60). The results showed that some identified tear proteins decreased during fasting. On the other hand, the activity of some enzymes such as lysozyme, lactoferrin and alpha amylase also decreased in fasting samples. Electrophoresis results showed that tear protein patterns in FAST (P<0.05) were different from those of CTRL. There were a few more protein peaks in the FAST group (P<0.005) than in CTRL.
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