1
|
Rosales-Nieto CA, Rodríguez-Aguilar M, Santiago-Hernandez F, Cuevas-Reyes V, Flores-Najera MJ, Vázquez-García JM, Urrutia-Morales J, Ghaffari MH, Meza-Herrera CA, González-Bulnes A, Martin GB. Periconceptional nutrition with spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) improves metabolomic profiles and pregnancy outcomes in sheep. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7214. [PMID: 33785817 PMCID: PMC8010085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested whether periconceptional nutrition with cladodes from the cactus, Opuntia ficus-indica, with or without protein-enrichment, improved the metabolomic profile and reproductive outcomes of adult female sheep. Sixty Rambouillet ewes of similar body weight were randomly allocated among three nutritional treatments that were fed during the breeding period (34 days): Control (Control; n = 20), Opuntia (Opuntia; n = 20) and protein-enriched Opuntia (E-Opuntia; n = 20). There were no effects of treatment on body weight but assessment of urine samples indicated that, for 76 metabolites, the Control and Opuntia groups differed completely (P < 0.05), whereas there was overlap between the Control and E-Opuntia groups. It appears that, in Opuntia-fed and Control-fed sheep, different functional groups are activated leading to changes in the metabolism of glucose, tyrosine, methane, and glycerolipids. Fertility and reproductive rate tended to be higher in the Opuntia (70% and 95%) and E-Opuntia (90% and 110%) groups than in the Control (55% and 65%), and an orthogonal contrast revealed the difference between Control and Opuntia to be significant for both reproductive variables (P < 0.05). We conclude that nutritional supplementation with Opuntia cladodes, with or without protein enrichment, increased fertility rate and reproductive rate of female sheep, without any accompanying increases in body weight. Our observations suggest that the reproductive responses to Opuntia do not simply reflect a response to good nutrition, but might be caused by specific metabolites/metabolomic pathways, perhaps by an activation of the metabolism of glucose, methane, tyrosine and glycerolipids. There are few reports relating these metabolomic compounds with the metabolism of the sheep, let alone with reproductive efficiency. The novelty of these discoveries suggests that we need further research into the mechanisms through which nutrition affects the reproductive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César A Rosales-Nieto
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78321, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Maribel Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Quintana Roo, 77039, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Francisco Santiago-Hernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental San Luis, 78431, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Venancio Cuevas-Reyes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Valle de México, 56250, Texcoco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manuel J Flores-Najera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental la Laguna, 27440, Matamoros, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Juan M Vázquez-García
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78321, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Jorge Urrutia-Morales
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental San Luis, 78431, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - César A Meza-Herrera
- Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Áridas, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, 35230, Bermejillo, Mexico
| | - Antonio González-Bulnes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115-Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Graeme B Martin
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maternal Metformin Treatment Improves Developmental and Metabolic Traits of IUGR Fetuses. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9050166. [PMID: 31035702 PMCID: PMC6572102 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an anti-hyperglycemic drug widely used for the treatment of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance and is currently considered for preventing large-for-gestational-age (LGA) offspring in pregnant women affected by obesity or diabetes. Our hypothesis was the opposite—metformin may be used for improving the development of offspring affected by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preventing the appearance of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates in non-obese and non-diabetic but malnourished pregnancies. The current study, performed in a swine preclinical model of IUGR by undernutrition, showed that fetuses in the treated group showed no significant increases in body-weight, but showed a significantly higher weight of the brain, the total thoracic and abdominal viscera, the liver, the kidneys, the spleen, and the adrenal glands. Maternal metformin treatment was also related to significant increases in the fetal plasma concentration of parameters indicative of glycemic (glucose and fructosamine) and lipid profiles (triglycerides). Overall, these results suggest a protective effect of the treatment on the developmental competence of the fetuses. These findings may be of high value for human medicine in case of maternal malnutrition, since metformin is a cheap drug easily available, but also in case of placental deficiency, since metformin seems to improve placental development and function.
Collapse
|
3
|
Transferred maternal fatty acids stimulate fetal adipogenesis and lead to neonatal and adult obesity. Med Hypotheses 2018; 122:82-88. [PMID: 30593430 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of adult and childhood obesity are increasing. Most of the human newborn's body fat accumulates in the last half of intrauterine life. Fat in the fetus was thought to be mostly synthesized from glucose, but now it is commonly accepted that the bulk of it is the product of placental transfer of maternal fatty acids. Transported fatty acids originate in maternal plasma "free" fatty acids, fatty acids hydrolyzed from maternal plasma triglycerides, and the poly-unsaturated fatty acid component of maternal phospholipids. Glucose remains an important precursor of alpha-glycerol phosphate, to which most transported fatty acids are eventually esterified. Maternal plasma lipids are elevated in late pregnancy and even more in obese and diabetic pregnant women. This accelerates the placental transport of fatty acids. The hypothesis presented in this paper rests on the observations that the exponential increase in fat tissue in the human embryo's body occurs in time to parallel the increase of lipids in the mother's blood and depends on the chemical affinity of the transcription factor PPAR gamma to fatty acids and on fatty acid stimulation of adipocyte generation from precursor cells. The hypothesis asserts that transported maternal fatty acids activate the transcription factors in the fetus and initiate conversion of the mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes. In obese and diabetic mothers, the higher plasma lipids facilitate increased placental fatty acid transfer. This will increase adipocyte generation and, through this, the prevalence of babies with increased fat cell size and number. Babies born with increased adipose tissue cellularity will have greater probability of growing up to become obese adolescents and adults. These newborns, whose obesity is hyperplastic as well as hypertrophic, as adults will have difficulty losing weight through diet and exercise or will regain the lost weight more quickly than others without these characteristics. Accordingly, increased placental fatty acid transfer and accelerated adipocyte generation may explain not only neonatal obesity, but some aspects of the adult obesity epidemic also. It is therefore recommended that prevention of fetal fat cell hyperplasia, by lowering maternal plasma lipids in mid and late pregnancy, should be attempted in pregnancies at risk for macrosomia.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ontogeny of Sex-Related Differences in Foetal Developmental Features, Lipid Availability and Fatty Acid Composition. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061171. [PMID: 28561768 PMCID: PMC5485995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-related differences in lipid availability and fatty acid composition during swine foetal development were investigated. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the mother were strongly related to the adequacy or inadequacy of foetal development and concomitant activation of protective growth in some organs (brain, heart, liver and spleen). Cholesterol and triglyceride availability was similar in male and female offspring, but female foetuses showed evidence of higher placental transfer of essential fatty acids and synthesis of non-essential fatty acids in muscle and liver. These sex-related differences affected primarily the neutral lipid fraction (triglycerides), which may lead to sex-related postnatal differences in energy partitioning. These results illustrate the strong influence of the maternal lipid profile on foetal development and homeorhesis, and they confirm and extend previous reports that female offspring show better adaptive responses to maternal malnutrition than male offspring. These findings may help guide dietary interventions to ensure adequate fatty acid availability for postnatal development.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ayuso M, Fernández A, Núñez Y, Benítez R, Isabel B, Barragán C, Fernández AI, Rey AI, Medrano JF, Cánovas Á, González-Bulnes A, López-Bote C, Ovilo C. Comparative Analysis of Muscle Transcriptome between Pig Genotypes Identifies Genes and Regulatory Mechanisms Associated to Growth, Fatness and Metabolism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145162. [PMID: 26695515 PMCID: PMC4687939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Iberian ham production includes both purebred (IB) and Duroc-crossbred (IBxDU) Iberian pigs, which show important differences in meat quality and production traits, such as muscle growth and fatness. This experiment was conducted to investigate gene expression differences, transcriptional regulation and genetic polymorphisms that could be associated with the observed phenotypic differences between IB and IBxDU pigs. Nine IB and 10 IBxDU pigs were slaughtered at birth. Morphometric measures and blood samples were obtained and samples from Biceps femoris muscle were employed for compositional and transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq technology. Phenotypic differences were evident at this early age, including greater body size and weight in IBxDU and greater Biceps femoris intramuscular fat and plasma cholesterol content in IB newborns. We detected 149 differentially expressed genes between IB and IBxDU neonates (p < 0.01 and Fold-Change > 1. 5). Several were related to adipose and muscle tissues development (DLK1, FGF21 or UBC). The functional interpretation of the transcriptomic differences revealed enrichment of functions and pathways related to lipid metabolism in IB and to cellular and muscle growth in IBxDU pigs. Protein catabolism, cholesterol biosynthesis and immune system were functions enriched in both genotypes. We identified transcription factors potentially affecting the observed gene expression differences. Some of them have known functions on adipogenesis (CEBPA, EGRs), lipid metabolism (PPARGC1B) and myogenesis (FOXOs, MEF2D, MYOD1), which suggest a key role in the meat quality differences existing between IB and IBxDU hams. We also identified several polymorphisms showing differential segregation between IB and IBxDU pigs. Among them, non-synonymous variants were detected in several transcription factors as PPARGC1B and TRIM63 genes, which could be associated to altered gene function. Taken together, these results provide information about candidate genes, metabolic pathways and genetic polymorphisms potentially involved in phenotypic differences between IB and IBxDU pigs associated to meat quality and production traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ayuso
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Núñez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rita Benítez
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Isabel
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Isabel Rey
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F. Medrano
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ángela Cánovas
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Clemente López-Bote
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ovilo
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vera B, Santa Cruz S, Magnarelli G. Plasma cholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities and nuclear and mitochondrial lipid composition of human placenta associated with maternal exposure to pesticides. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:402-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
7
|
Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Ovilo C, Lopez-Bote CJ, Astiz S, Ayuso M, Perez-Solana ML, Sanchez-Sanchez R, Torres-Rovira L. Gender-specific early postnatal catch-up growth after intrauterine growth retardation by food restriction in swine with obesity/leptin resistance. Reproduction 2012; 144:269-78. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of undernutrition during pregnancy on prenatal and postnatal development of the offspring were evaluated in sows with obesity/leptin resistance. Females were fed, from day 35 of pregnancy onwards, a diet fulfilling either 100% (group control,n=10) or 50% of the nutritional requirements (group underfed,n=10). In the control group, maternal body weight increased during pregnancy (P<0.05) while it decreased or remained steady in the underfed group. At days 75 and 100 of gestation, plasma triglycerides were lower but urea levels were higher in restricted than in control sows (P<0.05 for both). Assessment of the offspring indicated that the trunk diameter was always smaller in the restricted group (P<0.01 at day 50,P<0.005 at days 75 and 100 andP<0.0001 at birth) while head measurements were similar through pregnancy, although smaller in the restricted than in the control group at birth (P<0.05). Newborns from restricted sows were also lighter than offspring from control females (P<0.01) and had higher incidence of growth retardation (P<0.01). Afterwards, during lactation, early postnatal growth in restricted piglets was modulated by gender. At weaning, males from restricted sows were still lighter than their control counterparts (P<0.05), while females from control and underfed sows were similar. Thus, the current study indicates a gender-related differential effect in the growth patterns of the piglets, with females from restricted sows evidencing catch-up growth to neutralise prenatal retardation and reaching similar development than control counterparts.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Torres-Rovira L, Ovilo C, Astiz S, Gomez-Izquierdo E, Gonzalez-Añover P, Pallares P, Perez-Solana ML, Sanchez-Sanchez R. Reproductive, endocrine and metabolic feto-maternal features and placental gene expression in a swine breed with obesity/leptin resistance. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 176:94-101. [PMID: 22251656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The current study was conducted in a swine breed (Iberian pig) with a genotype that predisposed the pig to obesity. The aim of the study was to determine the morphological, metabolomic and endocrine features of early conceptuses and to elucidate how placental gene expression (related to placentation, angiogenesis and fetal nutrition), maternal hormones and the metabolome affect the fetal environment and fetal growth. Conceptus viability and growth were found to be related to maternal endocrine (plasma progesterone levels) and metabolic features (plasma levels of leptin, cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c and triglycerides). These features were related to the placental expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and leptin (LEP) genes, the placental efficiency and, thus, the nutrition and the metabolism of the fetus (availability of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, as HDL-c). Viability of conceptuses in females with evidence of dyslipidemia (low plasma levels of total cholesterol due to low HDL-c concentration but high levels of triglycerides) was diminished. The availability of nutrients and metabolic substrates to the conceptus was also affected in females with higher fat deposition and evidence of dyslipidemia. In conclusion, the conceptus viability and growth appear to be strongly related to maternal metabolic features and, thus, affected in females with alterations in lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Departamento de Reproduccion Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Burdge GC, Dunn RL, Jackson AA. The effect of reduced maternal protein intake during pregnancy on placental lipid composition in the rat: effect of glycine supplementation of the low protein diet. Nutr Res 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Gibbons GF, Islam K, Pease RJ. Mobilisation of triacylglycerol stores. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1483:37-57. [PMID: 10601694 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is an energy dense substance which is stored by several body tissues, principally adipose tissue and the liver. Utilisation of stored TAG as an energy source requires its mobilisation from these depots and transfer into the blood plasma. The means by which TAG is mobilised differs in adipose tissue and liver although the regulation of lipid metabolism in each of these organs is interdependent and synchronised in an integrated manner. This review deals principally with the mechanism of hepatic TAG mobilisation since this is a rapidly expanding area of research and may have important implications for the regulation of plasma very-low-density lipoprotein metabolism. TAG mobilisation plays an important role in fuel selection in non-hepatic tissues such as cardiac muscle and pancreatic islets and these aspects are also reviewed briefly. Finally, studies of certain rare inherited disorders of neutral lipid storage and mobilisation may provide useful information about the normal enzymology of TAG mobilisation in healthy tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G F Gibbons
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Oxford Lipid Metabolism Group, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chataway TK, Whittle AM, Lewis MD, Bindloss CA, Davey RC, Moritz RL, Simpson RJ, Hopwood JJ, Meikle PJ. Two-dimensional mapping and microsequencing of lysosomal proteins from human placenta. Placenta 1998; 19:643-54. [PMID: 9859869 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(98)90026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes degrade a wide range of macromolecules to yield monomer products which are exported out of the lysosome by a series of transporters. In addition, lysosomes perform a range of other functions which are cell or tissue specific. In order to gain insight into the tissue specific role of lysosomes, carrier-ampholyte two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used in combination with N-terminal sequencing to identify the major proteins present in both the membrane and luminal space of placental lysosomes. From the 45 N-terminal peptide sequences generated, 14 luminal and five membrane proteins were identified while three other sequences were novel. The sequenced proteins were a mixture of lysosomal and non-lysosomal proteins. The lysosomal proteins consisted of gamma-interferon-inducible protein (IP-30), Saposin D, cathepsins B and D, beta-hexosaminidase, palmitoyl protein thioesterase, alpha-glucosidase, and LAMP-1. The non-lysosomal proteins were serum albumin, serotransferrin, haemoglobin gamma G chain, alpha-1-antitrypsin, placental lactogen, endoplasmin, peptide binding protein 74, p60 lymphocyte protein, p450 side chain cleavage enzyme and placental alkaline phosphatase. The 2-DE maps obtained in this study are the first to identify the major proteins in both the lumen and membrane of placental lysosomes through sequence analysis, and thus provide the basis upon which to build a complete 2-DE database of the lysosome. Furthermore, the identities of the proteins sequenced from the placental lysosomes suggest a role for lysosomes in the transport of nutrients across the trophoblastic layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T K Chataway
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) regulate fetally and maternally generated peptides in the placenta. In this study, ACE-like activity was found to be decreased and LAP-like activity increased with increasing days of gestation in rat placental tissues forming the fetal:maternal interface. Membrane-associated ACE-like and LAP-like activities in the placenta of smokers were also found to be significantly higher than their respective activities in placenta of nonsmokers. Our collective findings suggest that gestational and environmentally-induced changes in placental peptidase activities may account for variable peptide hormone and/or therapeutic peptide metabolism in the placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kenagy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence 66047, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vancura A, Haldar D. Purification and characterization of glycerophosphate acyltransferase from rat liver mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)46970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
14
|
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- G Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Graz, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bonet B, Brunzell JD, Gown AM, Knopp RH. Metabolism of very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride by human placental cells: the role of lipoprotein lipase. Metabolism 1992; 41:596-603. [PMID: 1640846 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(92)90051-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in human placenta, but the quantitative significance and cellular specificity of LPL in this organ are unknown. The objective of this report is to investigate the metabolism of very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL-TG) by the placenta, the role of LPL in this process, and the types of cells involved. Placental cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion (collagenase, hyaluronidase, and DNA-ase) and separated on a 40% Percoll gradient. The trophoblasts were the predominant cell type (80% to 85% pure) isolated at d = 1.033 to 1.048 and macrophages were predominant at d = 1.077 to 1.100 (greater than 95% pure), as characterized by eight immunocytochemical assays using cell protein-specific monoclonal antibodies. Macrophages represented 50% to 60% of cells isolated, and trophoblasts, 40% to 50%. LPL activity was assessed by VLDL-TG hydrolysis in primary 3- to 4-day tissue culture. In a representative experiment, LPL activity (nmol fatty acids (FA)/mg protein/24 h) was 101.3 +/- 5.3 in macrophages and 29.9 +/- 6.5 in the predominant trophoblast cell types, with approximately 20% of these amounts incorporated and reesterified. VLDL-TG hydrolysis and cell lipid uptake in both placental cell types was essentially abolished by a monoclonal anti-LPL antibody. When compared with a model of hepatocytes (Hep G2 cells), the hydrolysis of VLDL-TG was almost undetectable in these cells. In contrast, free fatty acids (FFA) uptake by Hep G2 cells was fourfold to sixfold greater than that by macrophages and trophoblasts, respectively. In conclusion, macrophages and trophoblasts are the two predominant placental cells isolated by enzymatic digestion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Bonet
- Northwest Lipid Research Clinic, Seattle, WA 98104
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Watanabe M, Ono T, Kondo H. Immunohistochemical studies on the localisation and ontogeny of heart fatty acid binding protein in the rat. J Anat 1991; 174:81-95. [PMID: 2032944 PMCID: PMC1256044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The localisation and ontogenic expression of heart fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) were immunochemically examined in the entire body of the rat. In muscles, H-FABP immunoreactivity was observed not only in cardiac muscle cells but also in red skeletal muscles, where gold particles indicating the immunoreaction sites are distributed evenly in the sarcoplasm except for the interior of membranous organelles. In the urogenital system, the immunoreactivity was preferentially demonstrated in the distal tubular epithelial cells in the kidney, and in the superficial epithelial cells in the urinary bladder. The H-FABP immunoreactivity was further found in cells characterised by numerous lipid droplets, such as interstitial cells of the theca interna in the ovary and those of Leydig in the testis, and cell Element III in the placenta. In the digestive system, parietal cells in the stomach and pancreatic beta-cells were immunoreactive to H-FABP. In addition, capillary endothelial cells were immunostained in the cardiac and red skeletal muscles, the exocrine pancreas, digestive tract and thymus. From the rather wide distribution of H-FABP, it is suggested that H-FABP plays some fundamental roles in the active metabolism of fatty acids in the body. The present findings also indicate that H-FABP is a useful marker for the morphological study of interstitial cells in the ovary and testis and parietal cells in the stomach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Frank HG, Gossrau R, Graf R. Analysis of hepatotoxicity in maternal and fetal rats after glucocorticoid administration by lipid histochemistry and thin layer chromatography. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1989; 91:487-94. [PMID: 2475465 DOI: 10.1007/bf00492521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Changes in lipid metabolism of fetal and maternal rat livers were investigated on day 20 of pregnancy after administration of either 3 mg/kg or 24 mg/kg triamcinolone-acetonide or 124 mg/kg hydrocortisone in crystalline suspension to the mothers on day 15 of pregnancy. Sudan black B and Nile red as well as the UV-Schiff reaction and thin layer chromatography were used to study qualitatively the response of lipids to these glucocorticoids. Generally, after application of triamcinolone-acetonide fetal livers accumulated more lipids as toxic response to this glucocorticoid than the maternal organ; the degree of lipid accumulation was clearly dose-dependent in the fetuses. After hydrocortisone treatment, lipids in maternal livers were slightly, those in the fetuses were not affected. Histochemistry and thin layer chromatography revealed an accumulation of neutral lipids, especially of triglycerides and fatty acids which both contained increased amounts of ethylene bonds after treatment with triamcinolone-acetonide. The results also show that using combined histochemistry and thin layer chromatography, the analysis of hepatic lipids is a promising tool for the assessment of toxic effects of glucocorticoids on fetal and maternal hepatocytes in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H G Frank
- Department of Anatomy, Free University of Berlin, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Park MC, Cayatte A, Subbiah MT. Isolation and characterization of a novel lipoprotein particle from human placental extracts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 153:502-9. [PMID: 3132911 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(88)81123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
While it is believed that placental tissue is very active in lipid metabolism, the nature of lipid containing particles secreted (if any) by this tissue is not known. Lipoprotein profile of human placental tissue was analysed by gel filtration, gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. Our studies demonstrated the presence of lipoproteins with unusual compositions. A novel major lipoprotein (which eluted in the same position on plasma VLDL) was characterized. While this lipoprotein floated at density greater than 1.006 gr/ml and contained apo B (same as plasma VLDL) it differed from plasma VLDL in a) size, b) contining a significant amount of apo Al, and c) carried bulk of the cholesterol (80% in free form) and phospholipids. This study suggests that placental tissue might contain unique lipoproteins perhaps serving specific metabolic needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio 45627
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Sumikawa K, Saeki K, Okochi T, Adachi K, Nishimura H. Hydrolysis of phosphatidate by human placental alkaline phosphatase. Clin Chim Acta 1987; 167:321-8. [PMID: 3621615 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(87)90352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly purified alkaline phosphatase of human placenta catalyzed the hydrolysis of phosphatidate with quantitative formation of almost stoichiometric amounts of diglyceride and inorganic phosphate. In the presence of sodium deoxycholate, the activity was maximal at pH 8.8. The activity was strongly inhibited by L-phenylalanine but scarcely affected by NaF. These results show that alkaline phosphatase hydrolyzes phosphatidate under different conditions from those for activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. Simultaneous loss of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase indicates a common gene. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)67630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
23
|
Datta NS, Hajra AK. Does microsomal glycerophosphate acyltransferase also catalyze the acylation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate? FEBS Lett 1984; 176:264-8. [PMID: 6489517 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Rat liver microsomal dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase, in contrast to the glycerophosphate acyltransferase, was found to be active at low pH (5.5), stable towards heat (55 degrees C, 15 min) and trypsin (in the absence of detergents) and was not inhibited by high concentrations of N-ethyl maleimide. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase is only slightly and non-competitively inhibited by sn-glycerol-3-phosphate whereas glycerophosphate acyltransferase is strongly inhibited by dihydroxyacetone phosphate in a competitive manner. Kinetic analysis indicates that this competitive inhibition is not due to the competition of two common substrates for the same active center of one enzyme. These results demonstrate that microsomal glycerophosphate acyltransferase and dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase are two distinct and separate enzymes.
Collapse
|