1
|
Alvarez-Araos P, Jiménez S, Salazar-Ardiles C, Núñez-Espinosa C, Paez V, Rodriguez-Fernandez M, Raberin A, Millet GP, Iturriaga R, Andrade DC. Baroreflex and chemoreflex interaction in high-altitude exposure: possible role on exercise performance. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1422927. [PMID: 38895516 PMCID: PMC11184637 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1422927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic chemoreflex and the arterial baroreflex are implicated in the ventilatory response to exercise. It is well known that long-term exercise training increases parasympathetic and decreases sympathetic tone, both processes influenced by the arterial baroreflex and hypoxic chemoreflex function. Hypobaric hypoxia (i.e., high altitude [HA]) markedly reduces exercise capacity associated with autonomic reflexes. Indeed, a reduced exercise capacity has been found, paralleled by a baroreflex-related parasympathetic withdrawal and a pronounced chemoreflex potentiation. Additionally, it is well known that the baroreflex and chemoreflex interact, and during activation by hypoxia, the chemoreflex is predominant over the baroreflex. Thus, the baroreflex function impairment may likely facilitate the exercise deterioration through the reduction of parasympathetic tone following acute HA exposure, secondary to the chemoreflex activation. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to describe the main physiological mechanisms controlling baro- and chemoreflex function and their role in exercise capacity during HA exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alvarez-Araos
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Sergio Jiménez
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - Camila Salazar-Ardiles
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Cristian Núñez-Espinosa
- Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro Asistencial de Docencia e Investigación (CADI-UMAG), Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Paez
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Fernandez
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antoine Raberin
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Iturriaga
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David C. Andrade
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan Z, Yang J, Wei WT, Zhou ML, Mo DX, Wan X, Ma R, Wu MM, Huang JH, Liu YJ, Lv FH, Li MH. A time-resolved multi-omics atlas of transcriptional regulation in response to high-altitude hypoxia across whole-body tissues. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3970. [PMID: 38730227 PMCID: PMC11087590 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
High-altitude hypoxia acclimatization requires whole-body physiological regulation in highland immigrants, but the underlying genetic mechanism has not been clarified. Here we use sheep as an animal model for low-to-high altitude translocation. We generate multi-omics data including whole-genome sequences, time-resolved bulk RNA-Seq, ATAC-Seq and single-cell RNA-Seq from multiple tissues as well as phenotypic data from 20 bio-indicators. We characterize transcriptional changes of all genes in each tissue, and examine multi-tissue temporal dynamics and transcriptional interactions among genes. Particularly, we identify critical functional genes regulating the short response to hypoxia in each tissue (e.g., PARG in the cerebellum and HMOX1 in the colon). We further identify TAD-constrained cis-regulatory elements, which suppress the transcriptional activity of most genes under hypoxia. Phenotypic and transcriptional evidence indicate that antenatal hypoxia could improve hypoxia tolerance in offspring. Furthermore, we provide time-series expression data of candidate genes associated with human mountain sickness (e.g., BMPR2) and high-altitude adaptation (e.g., HIF1A). Our study provides valuable resources and insights for future hypoxia-related studies in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ji Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen-Tian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhou
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, 611743, China
| | - Dong-Xin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mei-Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jia-Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ya-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng-Hua Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu H, Song X, Zhang X, Wang G, Cheng X, Zhang L, Wang Z, Li R, Ai C, Wang X, Pu L, Chen Z, Liu W. SIRT1 regulates mitochondrial fission to alleviate high altitude hypoxia inducedcardiac dysfunction in rats via the PGC-1α-DRP1/FIS1/MFF pathway. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01954-5. [PMID: 38678130 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
High-altitude exposure has been linked to cardiac dysfunction. Silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (sirtuin 1, SIRT1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase, plays a crucial role in regulating numerous cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between SIRT1 and cardiac dysfunction induced by hypobaric hypoxia (HH) remains unexplored. This study aims to assess the impact of SIRT1 on HH-induced cardiac dysfunction and delve into the underlying mechanisms, both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we have demonstrated that exposure to HH results in cardiomyocyte injury, along with the downregulation of SIRT1 and mitochondrial dysfunction. Upregulating SIRT1 significantly inhibits mitochondrial fission, improves mitochondrial function, reduces cardiomyocyte injury, and consequently enhances cardiac function in HH-exposed rats. Additionally, HH exposure triggers aberrant expression of mitochondrial fission-regulated proteins, with a decrease in PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) and an increase in mitochondrial fission 1 (FIS1) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), all of which are mitigated by SIRT1 upregulation. Furthermore, inhibiting PGC-1α diminishes the positive effects of SIRT1 regulation on the expression of DRP1, MFF, and FIS1, as well as mitochondrial fission. These findings demonstrate that SIRT1 alleviates HHinduced cardiac dysfunction by preventing mitochondrial fission through the PGC-1α-DRP1/FIS1/MFF pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Guangrui Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zirou Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chongyi Ai
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Pu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhaoli Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Weili Liu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cornejo-Guerra C, Salazar-Ardiles C, Morales P, Andrade DC. Consequences of Exposure to Hypobaric Hypoxia Associated with High Altitude on Spermatogenesis and Seminal Parameters: A Literature Review. Cells 2024; 13:592. [PMID: 38607031 PMCID: PMC11011536 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical research has provided compelling evidence indicating that exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) results in a deterioration of spermatogenesis. This adverse effect extends to the underlying molecular mechanisms, progressively leading to impairments in the seminiferous epithelium and germ cells and alterations in semen parameters. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that animals exposed to HH, whether in natural high-altitude environments or under simulated hypoxic conditions, exhibit damage to the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogenesis, an increase in germline cell apoptosis, and structural alterations in the seminiferous tubules. One of the primary mechanisms associated with the inhibition of differentiation and an increase in apoptosis among germ cells is an elevated level of oxidative stress, which has been closely associated with HH exposure. Human studies have shown that individuals exposed to HH, such as mountaineers and alpinists, exhibit decreased sperm count, reduced motility, diminished viability, and increased sperm with abnormal morphology in their semen. This evidence strongly suggests that exposure to HH may be considered a significant risk factor that could elevate the prevalence of male infertility. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive description and propose potential mechanisms that could elucidate the infertility processes induced by HH. By doing so, it contributes to expanding our understanding of the challenges posed by extreme environments on human physiology, opening new avenues for research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cornejo-Guerra
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura (FIMEDALT), Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile; (C.C.-G.); (C.S.-A.)
| | - Camila Salazar-Ardiles
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura (FIMEDALT), Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile; (C.C.-G.); (C.S.-A.)
| | - Patricio Morales
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile;
| | - David C. Andrade
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura (FIMEDALT), Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile; (C.C.-G.); (C.S.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Zhang Y, Si Y, Gao N, Zhang H, Yang H. A high altitude respiration and SpO2 dataset for assessing the human response to hypoxia. Sci Data 2024; 11:248. [PMID: 38413602 PMCID: PMC10899206 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This report presents the Harespod dataset, an open dataset for high altitude hypoxia research, which includes respiration and SpO2 data. The dataset was collected from 15 college students aged 23-31 in a hypobaric oxygen chamber, during simulated altitude changes and induced hypoxia. Real-time physiological data, such as oxygen saturation waveforms, oxygen saturation, respiratory waveforms, heart rate, and pulse rate, were obtained at 100 Hz. Approximately 12 hours of valid data were collected from all participants. Researchers can easily identify the altitude corresponding to physiological signals based on their inherent patterns. Time markers were also recorded during altitude changes to facilitate realistic annotation of physiological signals and analysis of time-difference-of-arrival between various physiological signals for the same altitude change event. In high altitude scenarios, this dataset can be used to enhance the detection of human hypoxia states, predict respiratory waveforms, and develop related hardware devices. It will serve as a valuable and standardized resource for researchers in the field of high altitude hypoxia research, enabling comprehensive analysis and comparison.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Yingjun Si
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Honghao Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang W, Yang F, Yan Q, Li J, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Dai J. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α related mechanism and TCM intervention in process of early fracture healing. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:56-69. [PMID: 38375046 PMCID: PMC10874770 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
As a common clinical disease, fracture is often accompanied by pain, swelling, bleeding as well as other symptoms and has a high disability rate, even threatening life, seriously endangering patients' physical and psychological health and quality of life. Medical practitioners take many strategies for the treatment of fracture healing, including Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In the early stage of fracture healing, the local fracture is often in a state of hypoxia, accompanied by the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is beneficial to wound healing. Through literature mining, we thought that hypoxia, HIF-1α and downstream factors affected the mechanism of fracture healing, as well as dominated this process. Therefore, we reviewed the local characteristics and related signaling pathways involved in the fracture healing process and summarized the intervention of TCM on these mechanisms, in order to inspirit the new strategy for fracture healing, as well as elaborate on the possible principles of TCM in treating fractures based on the HIF molecular mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fusen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qikai Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianye Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cao Y, Zeng T, Han W, Ma X, Gu T, Chen L, Tian Y, Xu W, Yin J, Li G, Lu L, Gun S. Comparative analysis of liver transcriptome reveals adaptive responses to hypoxia environmental condition in Tibetan chicken. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:28-38. [PMID: 37641844 PMCID: PMC10766467 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tibetan chickens, which have unique adaptations to extreme high-altitude environments, exhibit phenotypic and physiological characteristics that are distinct from those of lowland chickens. However, the mechanisms underlying hypoxic adaptation in the liver of chickens remain unknown. METHODS RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology was used to assess the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in hypoxia adaptation in highland chickens (native Tibetan chicken [HT]) and lowland chickens (Langshan chicken [LS], Beijing You chicken [BJ], Qingyuan Partridge chicken [QY], and Chahua chicken [CH]). RESULTS A total of 352 co-DEGs were specifically screened between HT and four native lowland chicken breeds. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analyses indicated that these co-DEGs were widely involved in lipid metabolism processes, such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation, fatty acid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. To further determine the relationship from the 352 co-DEGs, protein-protein interaction network was carried out and identified eight genes (ACSL1, CPT1A, ACOX1, PPARC1A, SCD, ACSBG2, ACACA, and FASN) as the potential regulating genes that are responsible for the altitude difference between the HT and other four lowland chicken breeds. CONCLUSION This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating hypoxia adaptation via lipid metabolism in Tibetan chickens and other highland animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070,
China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021,
China
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021,
China
| | - Wei Han
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 225125,
China
- Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 211412,
China
| | - Xueying Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Academy Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850004,
China
| | - Tiantian Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021,
China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021,
China
- China-Ukraine Joint Research Center for Protection, Exploitation and Utilization of Poultry Germplasm Resources, Hangzhou 310021,
China
| | - Yong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021,
China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021,
China
| | - Jianmei Yin
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 225125,
China
- Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 211412,
China
| | - Guohui Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 225125,
China
- Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, Yangzhou 211412,
China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070,
China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021,
China
- China-Ukraine Joint Research Center for Protection, Exploitation and Utilization of Poultry Germplasm Resources, Hangzhou 310021,
China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070,
China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren XW, Chen K, Wu J, Yang ZL, Ji T, Zhang QH. Distinctive biochemistry profiles associated with hyperuricemia between Tibetans and Hans in China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1229659. [PMID: 38089618 PMCID: PMC10715267 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1229659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We sought to identify distinct risk factors for hyperuricemia in native Tibetan and immigrant Han populations in Tibet, China. Methods Three cohorts of male participants aged between 20 and 40 years were enrolled in this study. Biochemical parameters including serum uric acid (UA), fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), thyroxin, blood cell count, aminotransferase, and lipid profiles were analyzed. The association of risk factors with UA levels was evaluated using a multivariable line regression model. The effect of UA level on the biochemical parameters between the Hans and Tibetans was evaluated by two-way ANOVA. Results The prevalence of hyperuricemia (≥420 μmol/L) was 24.8% (62/250) in the Hans, similar to 23.8% (29/136) in the Tibetans. In the regression analysis, the risk factors that were significantly associated with UA in Hans did not apply to Tibetans. Tibetans had higher fasting insulin (P<0.05) and LDH (P<0.01) levels, in contrast with lower levels of triglycerides (P<0.05), total cholesterol (P<0.01), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P<0.01) than Hans in normal UA populations. Biochemistry analysis revealed lower albumin levels (P<0.001) and higher levels of all aminotransaminase and especially alkaline phosphatase (P<0.01) in Tibetans than in Hans in both populations. Compared with Hans, Tibetans had lower serum levels of urea, creatinine, and electrolytes in the normal UA population, which were further exacerbated in the high UA population. Tibetans had comparable white blood cell counts as Hans in both normal and high UA populations. In contrast, the red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration were much lower in Tibetans than in Hans under high UA conditions. Conclusions The distinctive biochemistry between Tibetans and Hans may underlie the different etiologies of hyperuricemia in Tibet, China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wen Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Medical Center of General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Medical Center of General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang-Lin Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Medical Center of General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Medical Center of General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Hong Zhang
- Trauma Repair and Tissue Regeneration Center, Department of Medical Innovation Study, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang W, Li J, Hu J, Yuan X, Ding J, Jiang H, Wang G, Luo Q. Hypobaric hypoxia induces iron mobilization from liver and spleen and increases serum iron via activation of ghrelin/GHSR1a/MAPK signalling pathway in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20254. [PMID: 37985861 PMCID: PMC10662372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure affects appetite and serum iron levels in both humans and animals. Thus, whether appetite-regulating ghrelin is involved in iron regulation under HH needs to be elucidated. In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were placed in a hypobaric chamber to establish a 6000-m-high altitude exposure animal model. In vitro, mouse primary hepatocytes and peritoneal macrophages were exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) to examine the effects of ghrelin on iron-regulating proteins. HH obviously reduced the body weight of mice and significantly increased the levels of erythrocytes, and also significantly enhanced the levels of serum iron and plasma ghrelin. However, iron content in the liver and spleen was decreased, while ferroportin (Fpn) expression was increased. Moreover, ghrelin significantly induced Fpn and pERK expression in both hepatocytes and macrophages under hypoxia, which were reversed by pretreatment with growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) antagonist or pERK inhibitor. Our findings indicated that HH leads to decreased appetite and insufficient dietary intake, which may negatively regulate the levels of ghrelin. Furthermore, GHSR1a/ERK signalling pathway is further activated to upregulate the expression of Fpn, and then promoting iron mobilization both in the liver/hepatocytes and spleen/macrophages in mice. Thus, these results revealed that ghrelin may be a potential iron regulatory hormone, and raised the possibility of ghrelin as a promising therapeutic target against iron disorders under HH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanping Yang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianan Hu
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yuan
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 XiSi Road, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liang H, Song K. Comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis reveals protein and amino acid metabolic characteristics in liver tissue under chronic hypoxia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291798. [PMID: 37747892 PMCID: PMC10519603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
At high altitudes, oxygen deprivation can cause pathophysiological changes. Liver tissue function is known to impact whole-body energy metabolism; however, how these functions are affected by chronic hypoxia remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate changing characteristics underlying the effect of chronic hypoxia on protein and amino acid metabolism in mouse livers. Mice were maintained in a hypobaric chamber simulating high altitude for 4 weeks. Livers were collected for metabolomic analysis via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. For transcriptomics analysis, we conducted RNA sequencing of hepatic tissues followed by Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Chronic hypoxic exposure caused metabolic disorders of amino acids and their derivatives in liver tissue. We identified a number of metabolites with significantly altered profiles (including amino acids, peptides, and analogues), of which serine, phenylalanine, leucine, proline, aspartic acid, L-glutamate, creatine, 5-aminovaleric acid, L-hydroxyarginin, and g-guanidinobutyrate showed great potential as biomarkers of chronic hypoxia. A total of 2124 genes with significantly different expression levels were identified in hypoxic liver tissue, of which 1244 were upregulated and 880 were downregulated. We found pathways for protein digestion and absorption, arginine and proline metabolism, and mineral absorption related to amino acid metabolism were affected by hypoxia. Our findings surrounding the regulation of key metabolites and differentially expressed genes provide new insights into changes in protein and amino acid metabolism in the liver that result from chronic hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Kang Song
- Endocrinology Department, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai University Affiliated People’s Hospital, Xining, PR, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Geng Y, Hu Y, Zhang F, Tuo Y, Ge R, Bai Z. Mitochondria in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, roles and the potential targets. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1239643. [PMID: 37645564 PMCID: PMC10461481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1239643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the centrol hub for cellular energy metabolisms. They regulate fuel metabolism by oxygen levels, participate in physiological signaling pathways, and act as oxygen sensors. Once oxygen deprived, the fuel utilizations can be switched from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis for ATP production. Notably, mitochondria can also adapt to hypoxia by making various functional and phenotypes changes to meet the demanding of oxygen levels. Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is a life-threatening disease, but its exact pathgenesis mechanism is still unclear and there is no effective treatment available until now. Ample of evidence indicated that mitochondria play key factor in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. By hypoxia-inducible factors, multiple cells sense and transmit hypoxia signals, which then control the expression of various metabolic genes. This activation of hypoxia-inducible factors considered associations with crosstalk between hypoxia and altered mitochondrial metabolism, which plays an important role in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of how hypoxia affects mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial biosynthesis, reactive oxygen homeostasis, and mitochondrial dynamics, to explore the potential of improving mitochondrial function as a strategy for treating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Geng
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qinghai Provincial Traffic Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yajun Tuo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Rili Ge
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhenzhong Bai
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Li C, Luo T, Yue T, Xiao W, Yang L, Zhang Z, Han F, Long P, Hu Y. Progress in the Treatment of High Altitude Cerebral Edema: Targeting REDOX Homeostasis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2645-2660. [PMID: 37383357 PMCID: PMC10296571 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s415695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing of altitude activities from low-altitude people, the study of high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) has been revived. HACE is a severe acute mountain sickness associated with exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude, often characterized by disturbance of consciousness and ataxia. As for the pathogenesis of HACE, previous studies suggested that it might be related to the disorder of cerebral blood flow, the destruction of blood-brain barrier and the injury of brain parenchyma cells caused by inflammatory factors. In recent years, studies have confirmed that the imbalance of REDOX homeostasis is also involved in the pathogenesis of HACE, which mainly leads to abnormal activation of microglia and destruction of tight junction of vascular endothelial cells through the excessive production of mitochondrial-related reactive oxygen species. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of REDOX homeostasis and the potential of the treatment of REDOX homeostasis in HACE, which is of great significance to expand the understanding of the pathogenesis of HACE. Moreover, it will also be helpful to further study the possible therapy of HACE related to the key link of REDOX homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Basic Medical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengming Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Basic Medical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Yue
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Basic Medical Laboratory, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zaiyuan Zhang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li X, Mei M, Pu X, Chen X, Li X, Meng F, He S, Li J, Gu W, Yang X, Zhang F, Yu J. Protective effect and mechanism of Polygonatum kingianum against hypoxia-induced injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14353. [PMID: 36967867 PMCID: PMC10034467 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is an essential cause of fatigue and aging, and is associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases. Polygonatum kingianum (PK) is a deficiency-nourishing Chinese herbal medicine utilized as both medicine and food, and it has long been used to ameliorate human conditions associated with fatigue and aging over 2000 years in China. PK is an important genuine-medicinal-materials cultivated in Yunnan, China, and is used by the Bai, Wa, and Zhuang nationalities as a traditional medicine for enhancing immunity, anti-fatigue, and anti-aging, while the preventive effect of PK on hypoxia-induced injury and the underlying mechanism are indefinite. Aim of the study The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-hypoxia efficacy and understand the corresponding mechanism of PK water extract. Materials and methods The main active ingredients and targets of PK were predicted using network pharmacology, and the anti-hypoxia activities of Gracillin and Liquiritigenin were verified by in vitro experiments. The pharmacodynamic experiments were conducted to evaluate the major signal pathways of PK for detecting anti-hypoxia activity. Results Fifty active ingredients and 371 potential targets were screened by network pharmacology, then, we confirmed that Gracillin and Liquiritigenin were the main active components of PK to exert anti-hypoxia effect in vitro. The pharmacodynamic experiments revealed that PK enhanced the extension rate of the survival time (ERST) and regulated the targets-related biochemical parameters of rats under hypoxia, showing significant anti-hypoxia effects on rats. Conclusion The network pharmacology results suggested that PK exerts its anti-hypoxia effect through a multi-component and multi-target manner. Simultaneously, we also observed that Gracillin (saponins) and Liquiritigenin (flavonoids) are the main active components of PK to play a role in anti-hypoxia. The anti-hypoxia effect of PK could be associated with scavenging excess free radicals, maintaining the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and inhibiting oxidative stress due to lipid peroxidation. These findings provide insight into the Polygonatum kingianum as promising medicines or healthcare products for preventing and treating hypoxia.
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo H, Xia L, Wang W, Xu W, Shen X, Wu X, He T, Jiang X, Xu Y, Zhao P, Tan D, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Hypoxia induces alterations in tRNA modifications involved in translational control. BMC Biol 2023; 21:39. [PMID: 36803965 PMCID: PMC9942361 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptation to high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia has been shown to require a set of physiological traits enabled by an associated set of genetic modifications, as well as transcriptome regulation. These lead to both lifetime adaptation of individuals to hypoxia at high altitudes and generational evolution of populations as seen for instance in those of Tibet. Additionally, RNA modifications, which are sensitive to environmental exposure, have been shown to play pivotal biological roles in maintaining the physiological functions of organs. However, the dynamic RNA modification landscape and related molecular mechanisms in mouse tissues under hypobaric hypoxia exposure remain to be fully understood. Here, we explore the tissue-specific distribution pattern of multiple RNA modifications across mouse tissues. RESULTS By applying an LC-MS/MS-dependent RNA modification detection platform, we identified the distribution of multiple RNA modifications in total RNA, tRNA-enriched fragments, and 17-50-nt sncRNAs across mouse tissues; these patterns were associated with the expression levels of RNA modification modifiers in different tissues. Moreover, the tissue-specific abundance of RNA modifications was sensitively altered across different RNA groups in a simulated high-altitude (over 5500 m) hypobaric hypoxia mouse model with the activation of the hypoxia response in mouse peripheral blood and multiple tissues. RNase digestion experiments revealed that the alteration of RNA modification abundance under hypoxia exposure impacted the molecular stability of tissue total tRNA-enriched fragments and isolated individual tRNAs, such as tRNAAla, tRNAval, tRNAGlu, and tRNALeu. In vitro transfection experiments showed that the transfection of testis total tRNA-enriched fragments from the hypoxia group into GC-2spd cells attenuated the cell proliferation rate and led to a reduction in overall nascent protein synthesis in cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that the abundance of RNA modifications for different classes of RNAs under physiological conditions is tissue-specific and responds to hypobaric hypoxia exposure in a tissue-specific manner. Mechanistically, the dysregulation of tRNA modifications under hypobaric hypoxia attenuated the cell proliferation rate, facilitated the sensitivity of tRNA to RNases, and led to a reduction in overall nascent protein synthesis, suggesting an active role of tRNA epitranscriptome alteration in the adaptive response to environmental hypoxia exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanping Guo
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Lin Xia
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Wei Wang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Wei Xu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Xipeng Shen
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xiao Wu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Tong He
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xuelin Jiang
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Yinying Xu
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Pan Zhao
- grid.410570.70000 0004 1760 6682Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037 China
| | - Dongmei Tan
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China. .,Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Yunfang Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Samaja M, Ottolenghi S. The Oxygen Cascade from Atmosphere to Mitochondria as a Tool to Understand the (Mal)adaptation to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043670. [PMID: 36835089 PMCID: PMC9960749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a life-threatening challenge for about 1% of the world population, as well as a contributor to high morbidity and mortality scores in patients affected by various cardiopulmonary, hematological, and circulatory diseases. However, the adaptation to hypoxia represents a failure for a relevant portion of the cases as the pathways of potential adaptation often conflict with well-being and generate diseases that in certain areas of the world still afflict up to one-third of the populations living at altitude. To help understand the mechanisms of adaptation and maladaptation, this review examines the various steps of the oxygen cascade from the atmosphere to the mitochondria distinguishing the patterns related to physiological (i.e., due to altitude) and pathological (i.e., due to a pre-existing disease) hypoxia. The aim is to assess the ability of humans to adapt to hypoxia in a multidisciplinary approach that correlates the function of genes, molecules, and cells with the physiologic and pathological outcomes. We conclude that, in most cases, it is not hypoxia by itself that generates diseases, but rather the attempts to adapt to the hypoxia condition. This underlies the paradigm shift that when adaptation to hypoxia becomes excessive, it translates into maladaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Samaja
- MAGI GROUP, San Felice del Benaco, 25010 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure Causes Neurobehavioral Impairments in Rats: Role of Brain Catecholamines and Tetrahydrobiopterin Alterations. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:471-486. [PMID: 36205808 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a state in which the body or a specific part of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. Sojourners involved in different activities at high altitudes (> 2500 m) face hypobaric hypoxia (HH) due to low oxygen in the atmosphere. HH is an example of generalized hypoxia, where the homeostasis of the entire body of an organism is affected and results in neurochemical changes. It is known that lower O2 levels affect catecholamines (CA), severely impairing cognitive and locomotor behavior. However, there is less evidence on the effect of HH-mediated alteration in brain Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels and its role in neurobehavioral impairments. Hence, this study aimed to shed light on the effect of acute HH on CA and BH4 levels with its neurobehavioral impact on Wistar rat models. After HH exposure, significant alteration of the CA levels in the discrete brain regions, viz., frontal cortex, hippocampus, midbrain, and cerebellum was observed. HH exposure significantly reduced spontaneous motor activity, motor coordination, and spatial memory. The present study suggests that the HH-induced behavioral changes might be related to the alteration of the expression pattern of CA and BH4-related genes and proteins in different rat brain regions. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the role of BH4 and CA in HH-induced neurobehavioral impairments.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fan J, Chen D, Wang N, Su R, Li H, Ma H, Gao F. Negative relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and attention: A possible elevation in BDNF level among high-altitude migrants. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1144959. [PMID: 37114226 PMCID: PMC10126458 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1144959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophic family that plays a vital role in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity in the brain, affects attention. However, studies investigating the association between BDNF and attention in long-term high-altitude (HA) migrants are limited in the literature. As HA affects both BDNF and attention, the relationship between these factors becomes more complex. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between peripheral blood concentrations of BDNF and the three attentional networks in both behavioral and electrical aspects of the brain in long-term HA migrants. Materials and methods Ninety-eight Han adults (mean age: 34.74 ± 3.48 years, 51 females and 47 males, all have lived at Lhasa for 11.30 ± 3.82 years) were recruited in this study. For all participants, the serum BDNF levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; event-related potentials (N1, P1, and P3) were recorded during the Attentional Networks Test, which was used as the measure of three attentional networks. Results Executive control scores were negatively correlated with P3 amplitude (r = -0.20, p = 0.044), and serum BDNF levels were positively correlated with executive control scores (r = 0.24, p = 0.019) and negatively correlated with P3 amplitude (r = -0.22, p = 0.027). Through grouping of BDNF levels and three attentional networks, executive control was found to be significantly higher in the high BDNF group than in the low BDNF group (p = 0.010). Different BDNF levels were associated with both orienting scores (χ2 = 6.99, p = 0.030) and executive control scores (χ2 = 9.03, p = 0.011). The higher the BDNF level, the worse was the executive function and the lower was the average P3 amplitude and vice versa. Females were found to have higher alerting scores than males (p = 0.023). Conclusion This study presented the relationship between BDNF and attention under HA. The higher the BDNF level, the worse was the executive control, suggesting that after long-term exposure to HA, hypoxia injury of the brain may occur in individuals with relatively higher BDNF levels, and this higher BDNF level may be the result of self-rehabilitation tackling the adverse effects brought by the HA environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
- Office of Safety and Health, Lhasa No. 1 Middle School, Lhasa, China
| | - Niannian Wang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Rui Su
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People's Government of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Hailin Ma
| | - Fei Gao
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
- Fei Gao
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fabries P, Gomez-Merino D, Sauvet F, Malgoyre A, Koulmann N, Chennaoui M. Sleep loss effects on physiological and cognitive responses to systemic environmental hypoxia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1046166. [PMID: 36579023 PMCID: PMC9792101 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1046166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of their missions or training, alpinists, but also mountain combat forces and mountain security services, professional miners, aircrew, aircraft and glider pilots and helicopter crews are regularly exposed to altitude without oxygen supplementation. At altitude, humans are exposed to systemic environmental hypoxia induced by the decrease in barometric pressure (<1,013 hPa) which decreases the inspired partial pressure of oxygen (PIO2), while the oxygen fraction is constant (equal to approximately 20.9%). Effects of altitude on humans occur gradually and depend on the duration of exposure and the altitude level. From 1,500 m altitude (response threshold), several adaptive responses offset the effects of hypoxia, involving the respiratory and the cardiovascular systems, and the oxygen transport capacity of the blood. Fatigue and cognitive and sensory disorders are usually observed from 2,500 m (threshold of prolonged hypoxia). Above 3,500 m (the threshold for disorders), the effects are not completely compensated and maladaptive responses occur and individuals develop altitude headache or acute altitude illness [Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)]. The magnitude of effects varies considerably between different physiological systems and exhibits significant inter-individual variability. In addition to comorbidities, the factors of vulnerability are still little known. They can be constitutive (genetic) or circumstantial (sleep deprivation, fatigue, speed of ascent.). In particular, sleep loss, a condition that is often encountered in real-life settings, could have an impact on the physiological and cognitive responses to hypoxia. In this review, we report the current state of knowledge on the impact of sleep loss on responses to environmental hypoxia in humans, with the aim of identifying possible consequences for AMS risk and cognition, as well as the value of behavioral and non-pharmacological countermeasures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Fabries
- REF-Aero Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute—IRBA, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France,Laboratoire de Biologie de l’Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé (LBEPS), UMR, Université Paris-Saclay, IRBA, Evry-Courcouronnes, France,French Military Health Academy—Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Place Alphonse Laveran, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Pierre Fabries,
| | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- REF-Aero Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute—IRBA, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France,Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique (VIFASOM) URP 7330, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- REF-Aero Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute—IRBA, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France,French Military Health Academy—Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Place Alphonse Laveran, Paris, France,Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique (VIFASOM) URP 7330, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Malgoyre
- REF-Aero Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute—IRBA, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France,Laboratoire de Biologie de l’Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé (LBEPS), UMR, Université Paris-Saclay, IRBA, Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Nathalie Koulmann
- Laboratoire de Biologie de l’Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé (LBEPS), UMR, Université Paris-Saclay, IRBA, Evry-Courcouronnes, France,French Military Health Academy—Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Place Alphonse Laveran, Paris, France
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- REF-Aero Department, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute—IRBA, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France,Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique (VIFASOM) URP 7330, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang B, Li Y, Ciren D, Dawa O, Feng Y, Laba C. Supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation decreased hypoxemia during gastrointestinal endoscopy under deep sedation at high altitudes: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2022; 22:348. [PMCID: PMC9661813 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hypobaric hypoxia is common at high altitudes. Whether this exacerbates hypoxia during procedural sedation and whether hypoxia can be alleviated by the use of supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation (SJOV) are unknown. This study aimed to compare the incidence of hypoxia during gastrointestinal endoscopy under deep sedation at high altitudes with oxygen supply techniques using either a nasal cannula or SJOV.
Methods
This study was conducted from April 2022 to July 2022 in a tertiary hospital located 3650 m above sea level. Adult patients scheduled for routine gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedation were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to receive SJOV or a nasal cannula during sedation. Moderate hypoxia was the primary outcome, defined as an SPO2 of 75–89% for < 60 s. The secondary outcomes were respiratory-, cardiovascular-, and SJOV-related complications. The influence of characteristics regarding acclimatization to high altitudes (Tibetan ethnic group and erythrocytosis) on the occurrence of hypoxia was analyzed.
Results
None of the patients were lost to follow-up. A total of 72 patients were included in the analysis (36 patients in each group). There were 20 (27.8%) patients who experienced moderate hypoxia events. Significantly fewer hypoxic events occurred in the SJOV group than in the nasal cannula group [3 (8.3%) vs. 17 (47.2%), absolute risk difference (95% CI): − 38.9 (− 57.5, − 20.2) %, risk ratio (RR, 95% CI): 0.18 (0.06, 0.55), P < 0.001]. Significantly fewer patients in the SJOV group experienced mild hypoxia (P < 0.001) and severe hypoxia (P = 0.002). No serious adverse events occurred in either of the groups. The Tibetan ethnic group (P = 0.086) and erythrocytosis (P = 0.287) were not associated with the occurrence of hypoxia events.
Conclusions
The incidence of hypoxia was lower with SJOV than with nasal cannula in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy under deep sedation at high altitudes. The Tibetan ethnic group and erythrocytosis did not influence the occurrence of hypoxia.
Trial registration
This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05304923) before enrollment by Dr. Yi Feng on 31/03/2022.
Collapse
|
20
|
Moore LG, Wesolowski SR, Lorca RA, Murray AJ, Julian CG. Why is human uterine artery blood flow during pregnancy so high? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 323:R694-R699. [PMID: 36094446 PMCID: PMC9602899 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00167.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In healthy near-term women, blood flow to the uteroplacental circulation is estimated as 841 mL/min, which is greater than in other mammalian species. We argue that as uterine venous Po2 sets the upper limit for O2 diffusion to the fetus, high uterine artery blood flow serves to narrow the maternal arterial-to-uterine venous Po2 gradient and thereby raise uterine vein Po2. In support, we show that the reported levels for uterine artery blood flow agree with what is required to maintain normal fetal growth. Although residence at high altitudes (>2,500 m) depresses fetal growth, not all populations are equally affected; Tibetans and Andeans have higher levels of uterine artery blood flow than newcomers and exhibit normal fetal growth. Estimates of uterine venous Po2 from the umbilical blood-gas data available from healthy Andean pregnancies indicate that their high levels of uterine artery blood flow are consistent with their reported, normal birth weights. Unknown, however, are the effects on placental gas exchange of the lower levels of uterine artery blood flow seen in high-altitude newcomers or hypoxia-associated pregnancy complications. We speculate that, by widening the maternal artery to uterine vein Po2 gradient, lower levels of uterine artery blood flow prompt metabolic changes that slow fetal growth to match O2 supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna G Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Ramón A Lorca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Colleen G Julian
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang G, Mou Z, Wang H, Liu H. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of the main liver
and attached liver of <i>Glyptosternum maculatum</i> on the basis
of data-independent mass spectrometry acquisition. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/154070/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
22
|
Resveratrol Ameliorates High Altitude Hypoxia-Induced Osteoporosis by Suppressing the ROS/HIF Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175538. [PMID: 36080305 PMCID: PMC9458036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia at high-altitude leads to osteoporosis. Resveratrol (RES), as an antioxidant, has been reported to promote osteoblastogenesis and suppress osteoclastogenesis. However, the therapeutic effect of RES against osteoporosis induced by high-altitude hypoxia remains unclear. Thus, this study was intended to investigate the potential effects of RES on high-altitude hypoxia-induced osteoporosis both in vivo and in vitro. Male Wistar rats were given RES (400 mg/kg) once daily for nine weeks under hypoxia, while the control was allowed to grow under normoxia. Bone mineral density (BMD), the levels of bone metabolism-related markers, and the changes on a histological level were measured. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and RAW264.7 were incubated with RES under hypoxia, with a control growing under normoxia, followed by the evaluation of proliferation and differentiation. The results showed that RES inhibited high-altitude hypoxia-induced reduction in BMD, enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), calcitonin (CT) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) levels, whereas it reduced cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I) levels and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in vivo. In addition, RES attenuated histological deteriorations in the femurs. In vitro, RES promoted osteoblastogenesis and mineralization in hypoxia-exposed BMSCs, along with promotion in RUNX2, ALP, OCN and osteopontin (OPN) levels, and inhibited the proliferation and osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7. The promotion effects of RES on osteoblastogenesis were accompanied by the down-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) induced by hypoxia. These results demonstrate that RES can alleviate high-altitude hypoxia-induced osteoporosis via promoting osteoblastogenesis by suppressing the ROS/HIF-1α signaling pathway. Thus, we suggest that RES might be a potential treatment with minimal side effects to protect against high-altitude hypoxia-induced osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
23
|
The Association between Gut Microbiome Diversity and Composition and Heat Tolerance in Cattle. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081672. [PMID: 36014088 PMCID: PMC9414853 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle are raised around the world and are frequently exposed to heat stress, whether in tropical countries or in regions with temperate climates. It is universally acknowledged that compared to those in temperate areas, the cattle breeds developed in tropical and subtropical areas have better heat tolerance. However, the underlying mechanism of heat tolerance has not been fully studied, especially from the perspective of intestinal microbiomics. The present study collected fecal samples of cattle from four representative climatic regions of China, namely, the mesotemperate (HLJ), warm temperate (SD), subtropical (HK), and tropical (SS) regions. Then, the feces were analyzed using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that with increasing climatic temperature from HLJ to SS, the abundance of Firmicutes increased, accompanied by an increasing Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio. Proteobacteria showed a trend of reduction from HLJ to SS. Patescibacteria, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteriota were particularly highest in SS for adapting to the tropical environment. The microbial phenotype in the tropics was characterized by an increase in Gram-positive bacteria and a decrease in Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and the forming of_biofilms. Consistently, the functional abundances of organismal systems and metabolism were decreased to reduce the material and energy demands in a hot environment. Genetic information processing and information storage and processing may be how gut flora deals with hot conditions. The present study revealed the differences in the structure and function of gut microbes of cattle from mesotemperate to tropical climates and provided an important reference for future research on the mechanism of heat tolerance regulated by the gut microbiota and a potential microbiota-based target to alleviate heat stress.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu JJ, Non AL, Heinrich EC, Gu W, Alcock J, Moya EA, Lawrence ES, Tift MS, O'Brien KA, Storz JF, Signore AV, Khudyakov JI, Milsom WK, Wilson SM, Beall CM, Villafuerte FC, Stobdan T, Julian CG, Moore LG, Fuster MM, Stokes JA, Milner R, West JB, Zhang J, Shyy JY, Childebayeva A, Vázquez-Medina JP, Pham LV, Mesarwi OA, Hall JE, Cheviron ZA, Sieker J, Blood AB, Yuan JX, Scott GR, Rana BK, Ponganis PJ, Malhotra A, Powell FL, Simonson TS. Time Domains of Hypoxia Responses and -Omics Insights. Front Physiol 2022; 13:885295. [PMID: 36035495 PMCID: PMC9400701 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.885295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to respond rapidly to changes in oxygen tension is critical for many forms of life. Challenges to oxygen homeostasis, specifically in the contexts of evolutionary biology and biomedicine, provide important insights into mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation and tolerance. Here we synthesize findings across varying time domains of hypoxia in terms of oxygen delivery, ranging from early animal to modern human evolution and examine the potential impacts of environmental and clinical challenges through emerging multi-omics approaches. We discuss how diverse animal species have adapted to hypoxic environments, how humans vary in their responses to hypoxia (i.e., in the context of high-altitude exposure, cardiopulmonary disease, and sleep apnea), and how findings from each of these fields inform the other and lead to promising new directions in basic and clinical hypoxia research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amy L. Non
- Department of Anthropology, Division of Social Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Amy L. Non, Tatum S. Simonson,
| | - Erica C. Heinrich
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Wanjun Gu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joe Alcock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, MX, United States
| | - Esteban A. Moya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elijah S. Lawrence
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael S. Tift
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Katie A. O'Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, ENG, United Kingdom
| | - Jay F. Storz
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, IL, United States
| | - Anthony V. Signore
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, IL, United States
| | - Jane I. Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | | | - Sean M. Wilson
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Colleen G. Julian
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lorna G. Moore
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mark M. Fuster
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Stokes
- Department of Kinesiology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, United States
| | - Richard Milner
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - John B. West
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - John Y. Shyy
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José Pablo Vázquez-Medina
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Luu V. Pham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Omar A. Mesarwi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - James E. Hall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Zachary A. Cheviron
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jeremy Sieker
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Arlin B. Blood
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jason X. Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Graham R. Scott
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Brinda K. Rana
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Paul J. Ponganis
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Frank L. Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Amy L. Non, Tatum S. Simonson,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Acute exposure to simulated high-altitude hypoxia alters gut microbiota in mice. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:412. [PMID: 35731330 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota bears adaptive potential to different environments, but little is known regarding its responses to acute high-altitude exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial changes after acute exposure to simulated high-altitude hypoxia. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into hypoxia and normoxia groups. The hypoxia group was exposed to a simulated altitude of 5500 m for 24 h above sea level. The normoxia group was maintained in low altitude of 10 m above sea level. Colonic microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA V4 gene sequencing. Compared with the normoxia group, Shannon, Simpson and Akkermansia were significantly increased, while Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio and Bifidobacterium were significantly decreased in the hypoxia group. The hypoxia group exhibited lower mobile element containing and higher potentially pathogenic and stress-tolerant phenotypes than those in the normoxia group. Functional analysis indicated that environmental information processing was significantly lower, metabolism, cellular processes and organismal systems were significantly higher in the hypoxia group than those in the normoxia group. In conclusion, acute exposure to simulated high-altitude hypoxia alters gut microbiota diversity and composition, which may provide a potential target to alleviate acute high-altitude diseases.
Collapse
|
26
|
Lu JJ, Jiang GG, He X, Xu KJ, Yang H, Shi R, Chen Y, Tan YY, Bai L, Tang H, Li GP. The Impact of Active Screening and Management on COVID-19 in Plateau Region of Sichuan, China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:850736. [PMID: 35646992 PMCID: PMC9131940 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.850736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In December 2019, the cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology emerged in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread throughout the country. The disease was later designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). Few studies have assessed the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and control strategies used to mitigate disease spread in high-altitude plateau regions of China. Study Objective To assess the impact of real-world strategies to control COVID-19 spread in remote plateau regions. Methods A retrospective study was performed to assess the epidemiology of COVID-19 and strategies used to control disease spread in the high-altitude plateau of Sichuan, China from 24 January 2020 to 19 March 2020. Results COVID-19 spread and outbreaks in Sichuan were attributed to mass gatherings. A total of 70 patients and 20 asymptomatic individuals were found in the hypoxic plateau region of Sichuan. Twelve patients were admitted after the onset of symptoms, while 58 patients and 20 asymptomatic individuals were found by active screening. The symptomatic patients included those with uncomplicated illness (16/70, 22.9%), mild pneumonia (44/70, 62.9%), and severe pneumonia (10/70, 14.3%). Most patients in the study area showed relatively mild and atypical symptoms such as low or no fever and dyspnea. The incidence of severe pneumonia, fever, dyspnea, and interstitial abnormalities identified by chest CT were all significantly lower in screened patients than those admitted after symptom onset (P < 0.05). Severe pneumonia was noted in patients with chronic conditions like hypertension, diabetes etc. as compared to less severe pneumonia in healthy subjects (P <0.05). No patients died and all were eventually discharged. Conclusion Mass gatherings increased risk of spread of SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19. Active screening and early management have collectively contributed to reduced incidence of severe pneumonia and satisfactory prognoses of infections with COVID-19 in this hypoxic plateau region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jie Lu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo-Guo Jiang
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Chengdu Second People Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang He
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai-Ju Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- People's Hospital of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangding, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,People's Hospital of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangding, China
| | - Ying Chen
- People's Hospital of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangding, China
| | - Yu-Yao Tan
- People's Hospital of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangding, China
| | - Lang Bai
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guo-Ping Li
- Laboratory of Allergy and Precision Medicine, Chengdu Institute of Respiratory Health, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chengdu Third People's Hospital Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ruggiero L, Harrison SWD, Rice CL, McNeil CJ. Neuromuscular fatigability at high altitude: Lowlanders with acute and chronic exposure, and native highlanders. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13788. [PMID: 35007386 PMCID: PMC9286620 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ascent to high altitude is accompanied by a reduction in partial pressure of inspired oxygen, which leads to interconnected adjustments within the neuromuscular system. This review describes the unique challenge that such an environment poses to neuromuscular fatigability (peripheral, central and supraspinal) for individuals who normally reside near to sea level (SL) (<1000 m; ie, lowlanders) and for native highlanders, who represent the manifestation of high altitude-related heritable adaptations across millennia. Firstly, the effect of acute exposure to high altitude-related hypoxia on neuromuscular fatigability will be examined. Under these conditions, both supraspinal and peripheral fatigability are increased compared with SL. The specific mechanisms contributing to impaired performance are dependent on the exercise paradigm and amount of muscle mass involved. Next, the effect of chronic exposure to high altitude (ie, acclimatization of ~7-28 days) will be considered. With acclimatization, supraspinal fatigability is restored to SL values, regardless of the amount of muscle mass involved, whereas peripheral fatigability remains greater than SL except when exercise involves a small amount of muscle mass (eg, knee extensors). Indeed, when whole-body exercise is involved, peripheral fatigability is not different to acute high-altitude exposure, due to competing positive (haematological and muscle metabolic) and negative (respiratory-mediated) effects of acclimatization on neuromuscular performance. In the final section, we consider evolutionary adaptations of native highlanders (primarily Himalayans of Tibet and Nepal) that may account for their superior performance at altitude and lesser degree of neuromuscular fatigability compared with acclimatized lowlanders, for both single-joint and whole-body exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ruggiero
- Laboratory of Physiomechanics of Locomotion Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation University of Milan Milan Italy
| | - Scott W. D. Harrison
- School of Kinesiology Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Charles L. Rice
- School of Kinesiology Faculty of Health Sciences The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Chris J. McNeil
- Centre for Heart, Lung & Vascular Health School of Health and Exercise Sciences University of British Columbia Kelowna British Columbia Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hennis PJ, Cumpstey AF, O'Doherty AF, Fernandez BO, Gilbert-Kawai ET, Mitchell K, Moyses H, Cobb A, Meale P, Pöhnl H, Mythen MG, Grocott MPW, Levett DZH, Martin DS, Feelisch M. Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Does Not Alter Exercise Efficiency at High Altitude - Further Results From the Xtreme Alps Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:827235. [PMID: 35295581 PMCID: PMC8918982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.827235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nitrate supplementation in the form of beetroot juice (BRJ) ingestion has been shown to improve exercise tolerance during acute hypoxia, but its effect on exercise physiology remains unstudied during sustained terrestrial high altitude exposure. We hypothesized that performing exercise at high altitude would lower circulating nitrate and nitrite levels and that BRJ ingestion would reverse this phenomenon while concomitantly improving key determinants of aerobic exercise performance. Methods Twenty seven healthy volunteers (21 male) underwent a series of exercise tests at sea level (SL, London, 75 m) and again after 5-8 days at high altitude (HA, Capanna Regina Margherita or "Margherita Hut," 4,559 m). Using a double-blind protocol, participants were randomized to consume a beetroot/fruit juice beverage (three doses per day) with high levels of nitrate (∼0.18 mmol/kg/day) or a nitrate-depleted placebo (∼11.5 μmoles/kg/day) control drink, from 3 days prior to the exercise trials until completion. Submaximal constant work rate cycle tests were performed to determine exercise efficiency and a maximal incremental ramp exercise test was undertaken to measure aerobic capacity, using breath-by-breath pulmonary gas exchange measurements throughout. Concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and nitrosation products were quantified in plasma samples collected at 5 timepoints during the constant work rate tests. Linear mixed modeling was used to analyze data. Results At both SL and HA, plasma nitrate concentrations were elevated in the nitrate supplementation group compared to placebo (P < 0.001) but did not change throughout increasing exercise work rate. Delta exercise efficiency was not altered by altitude exposure (P = 0.072) or nitrate supplementation (P = 0.836). V̇O2peak decreased by 24% at high altitude (P < 0.001) and was lower in the nitrate-supplemented group at both sea level and high altitude compared to placebo (P = 0.041). Dietary nitrate supplementation did not alter other peak exercise variables or oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold. Circulating nitrite and S-nitrosothiol levels unexpectedly rose in a few individuals right after cessation of exercise at high altitude. Conclusion Whilst regularly consumed during an 8 days expedition to terrestrial high altitude, nitrate supplementation did not alter exercise efficiency and other exercise physiological variables, except decreasing V̇O2peak. These results and those of others question the practical utility of BRJ consumption during prolonged altitude exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Hennis
- Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, London, United Kingdom.,SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew F Cumpstey
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair F O'Doherty
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T Gilbert-Kawai
- Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Mitchell
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Moyses
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Cobb
- Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Meale
- Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helmut Pöhnl
- AURAPA Würzungen GmbH, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany
| | - Monty G Mythen
- Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P W Grocott
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Denny Z H Levett
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel S Martin
- Centre for Altitude Space and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London Hospital NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, London, United Kingdom.,Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Feltes BC, Vieira IA, Parraga-Alava J, Meza J, Portmann E, Terán L, Dorn M. Feature selection reveal peripheral blood parameter's changes between COVID-19 infections patients from Brazil and Ecuador. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2022; 98:105228. [PMID: 35104680 PMCID: PMC8800568 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of conventional complete blood-count (CBC) data for classifying the SARS-CoV-2 infection status became a topic of interest, particularly as a complementary laboratory tool in developing and third-world countries that financially struggled to test their population. Although hematological parameters in COVID-19-affected individuals from Asian and USA populations are available, there are no descriptions of comparative analyses of CBC findings between COVID-19 positive and negative cases from Latin American countries. In this sense, machine learning techniques have been employed to examine CBC data and aid in screening patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this work, we used machine learning to compare CBC data between two highly genetically distinguished Latin American countries: Brazil and Ecuador. We notice a clear distribution pattern of positive and negative cases between the two countries. Interestingly, almost all red blood cell count parameters were divergent. For males, neutrophils and lymphocytes are distinct between Brazil and Ecuador, while eosinophils are distinguished for females. Finally, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes displayed a particular distribution for both genders. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that the same set of CBC features relevant to one population is unlikely to apply to another. This is the first study to compare CBC data from two genetically distinct Latin American countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César Feltes
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Bioscience, and Department of Biophysics, Institute of Bioscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Igor Araújo Vieira
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Parraga-Alava
- Facultad de Ciencias Informaticas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador
| | - Jaime Meza
- Facultad de Ciencias Informaticas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador
| | - Edy Portmann
- Human-IST Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Luis Terán
- Human-IST Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Márcio Dorn
- Institute of Informatics, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology - Forensic Science, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cas MD, Morano C, Ottolenghi S, Dicasillati R, Roda G, Samaja M, Paroni R. Inside the Alterations of Circulating Metabolome in Antarctica: The Adaptation to Chronic Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:819345. [PMID: 35145434 PMCID: PMC8821919 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.819345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the human body may dynamically adapt to mild and brief oxygen shortages, there is a growing interest in understanding how the metabolic pathways are modified during sustained exposure to chronic hypoxia. Located at an equivalent altitude of approximately 3,800 m asl, the Concordia Station in Antarctica represents an opportunity to study the course of human adaption to mild hypoxia with reduced impact of potentially disturbing variables else than oxygen deprivation. We recruited seven healthy subjects who spent 10 months in the Concordia Station, and collected plasma samples at sea level before departure, and 90 days, 6 months, and 10 months during hypoxia. Samples were analyzed by untargeted liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry to unravel how the non-polar and polar metabolomes are affected. Statistical analyses were performed by clustering the subjects into four groups according to the duration of hypoxia exposure. The non-polar metabolome revealed a modest decrease in the concentration of all the major lipid classes. By contrast, the polar metabolome showed marked alterations in several metabolic pathways, especially those related to amino acids metabolism, with a particular concern of arginine, glutamine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine. Remarkably, all the changes were evident since the first time point and remained unaffected by hypoxia duration (with the exception of a slight return of the non-polar metabolome after 6 months), highlighting a relative inability of the body to compensate them. Finally, we identified a few metabolic pathways that emerged as the main targets of chronic hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Camillo Morano
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Dicasillati
- Department of General Surgery, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- MAGI Group, Brescia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michele Samaja,
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Overexpression CPT1A reduces lipid accumulation via PPARα/CD36 axis to suppress the cell proliferation in ccRCC. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 54:220-231. [PMID: 35130611 PMCID: PMC9909300 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2021023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is histologically defined by its cytoplasmic lipid deposits. Lipid metabolism disorder largely increases the risk of ccRCC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) in ccRCC. Our results showed that CPT1A is decreased in ccRCC clinical samples and cell lines compared with that in normal samples. Lentivirus overexpressing CPT1A was used to investigate the neoplastic phenotypes of ccRCC, and the results showed that lipid accumulation and tumor growth are attenuated both and . In addition, CPT1A prevents cholesterol uptake and lipid accumulation by increasing the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) level through regulation of Class B scavenger receptor type 1 (SRB1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). Furthermore, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway promotes tumor cell proliferation in ccRCC, which is related to the enhanced expression of CD36. Functionally, weakened CPT1A expression is critical for lipid accumulation to promote ccRCC development. Collectively, our research unveiled a novel function of CPT1A in lipid metabolism via PPARα/CD36 axis, which provides a new theoretical explanation for the pathogenesis of ccRCC. Targeting CPT1A may be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat ccRCC.
Collapse
|
32
|
O'Brien KA, McNally BD, Sowton AP, Murgia A, Armitage J, Thomas LW, Krause FN, Maddalena LA, Francis I, Kavanagh S, Williams DP, Ashcroft M, Griffin JL, Lyon JJ, Murray AJ. Enhanced hepatic respiratory capacity and altered lipid metabolism support metabolic homeostasis during short-term hypoxic stress. BMC Biol 2021; 19:265. [PMID: 34911556 PMCID: PMC8675474 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue hypoxia is a key feature of several endemic hepatic diseases, including alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and organ failure. Hypoxia imposes a severe metabolic challenge on the liver, potentially disrupting its capacity to carry out essential functions including fuel storage and the integration of lipid metabolism at the whole-body level. Mitochondrial respiratory function is understood to be critical in mediating the hepatic hypoxic response, yet the time-dependent nature of this response and the role of the respiratory chain in this remain unclear. RESULTS Here, we report that hepatic respiratory capacity is enhanced following short-term exposure to hypoxia (2 days, 10% O2) and is associated with increased abundance of the respiratory chain supercomplex III2+IV and increased cardiolipin levels. Suppression of this enhanced respiratory capacity, achieved via mild inhibition of mitochondrial complex III, disrupted metabolic homeostasis. Hypoxic exposure for 2 days led to accumulation of plasma and hepatic long chain acyl-carnitines. This was observed alongside depletion of hepatic triacylglycerol species with total chain lengths of 39-53 carbons, containing palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic acids, which are associated with de novo lipogenesis. The changes to hepatic respiratory capacity and lipid metabolism following 2 days hypoxic exposure were transient, becoming resolved after 14 days in line with systemic acclimation to hypoxia and elevated circulating haemoglobin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The liver maintains metabolic homeostasis in response to shorter term hypoxic exposure through transient enhancement of respiratory chain capacity and alterations to lipid metabolism. These findings may have implications in understanding and treating hepatic pathologies associated with hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie A O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| | - Ben D McNally
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Alice P Sowton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Antonio Murgia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - James Armitage
- Global Investigative Safety, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Luke W Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fynn N Krause
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Lucas A Maddalena
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ian Francis
- Ultrastructure and Cellular Bioimaging, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Stefan Kavanagh
- Oncology Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, CB2 OAA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominic P Williams
- Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, CB2 OAA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Margaret Ashcroft
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Digestion, Metabolism and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jonathan J Lyon
- Global Investigative Safety, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zein S, Al-Awaida WJ, Yuldasheva OM, Khakimov AS, Chibisov SM, Gushchina Y, Al Bawareed OA, Torshin VI, Yakunin ЕВ, Al-Ameer HJ, Podoprigora IV. Influence of geographic conditions on body length of male newborns in Kyrgyzstan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:2053-2057. [PMID: 34228209 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Newborn length has been reported by many researchers to be reduced at high altitudes. However, many of these studies lacked adequate control of the ethnic group which may be confounding the altitude differences. In addition, few studies have examined the sources of variation in birth weight at high altitudes that may be related to ethnic group adaptation to the stresses of this hypoxic environment. In our study, we tested the hypotheses that the effect of altitude differences in newborn length depends on ethnic variation. Samples of 3359 healthy male newborns from different areas in Kyrgyzstan between the years 2003 and 2011 were analyzed for altitude and ethnic variation on male newborn length. Our results indicate significant decrease in male newborn length as a latitude increase. It is concluded that ethnic group difference in pregnancy outcome reflects a better state of adaptation to high altitude in this healthy indigenous population and that long-term genetic selection may be the most plausible explanation for these ethnic differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Zein
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, PO Box 2882, Madaba, Amman, JO-11821, Jordan.
| | - Wajdy J Al-Awaida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, PO Box 2882, Madaba, Amman, JO-11821, Jordan
| | - Olga M Yuldasheva
- Department of Zoology and Ecology at Osh State University, Osh Interregional Children's Hospital, Osh, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Andrey S Khakimov
- Department of Zoology and Ecology at Osh State University, Osh Interregional Children's Hospital, Osh, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Sergey M Chibisov
- Department of Pathology Physiology, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Gushchina
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - Omar A Al Bawareed
- Department of Normal Physiology, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Torshin
- Department of Normal Physiology, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - Еlena В Yakunin
- Department of Normal Physiology, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya 8, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hamzeh J Al-Ameer
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, PO Box 2882, Madaba, Amman, JO-11821, Jordan
| | - Irina V Podoprigora
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya 8, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li M, Pan D, Sun H, Zhang L, Cheng H, Shao T, Wang Z. The hypoxia adaptation of small mammals to plateau and underground burrow conditions. Animal Model Exp Med 2021; 4:319-328. [PMID: 34977483 PMCID: PMC8690988 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is one of the important substances for the survival of most life systems on the earth, and plateau and underground burrow systems are two typical hypoxic environments. Small mammals living in hypoxic environments have evolved different adaptation strategies, which include increased oxygen delivery, metabolic regulation of physiological responses and other physiological responses that change tissue oxygen utilization. Multi-omics predictions have also shown that these animals have evolved different adaptations to extreme environments. In particular, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (EPO), which have specific functions in the control of O2 delivery, have evolved adaptively in small mammals in hypoxic environments. Naked mole-rats and blind mole-rats are typical hypoxic model animals as they have some resistance to cancer. This review primarily summarizes the main living environment of hypoxia tolerant small mammals, as well as the changes of phenotype, physiochemical characteristics and gene expression mode of their long-term living in hypoxia environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Li
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Dan Pan
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
- Centre for Nutritional EcologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Han Cheng
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Tian Shao
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pooja, Sharma V, Meena RN, Ray K, Panjwani U, Varshney R, Sethy NK. TMT-Based Plasma Proteomics Reveals Dyslipidemia Among Lowlanders During Prolonged Stay at High Altitudes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:730601. [PMID: 34721061 PMCID: PMC8554329 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute exposure to high altitude perturbs physiological parameters and induces an array of molecular changes in healthy lowlanders. However, activation of compensatory mechanisms and biological processes facilitates high altitude acclimatization. A large number of lowlanders stay at high altitude regions from weeks to months for work and professional commitments, and thus are vulnerable to altitude-associated disorders. Despite this, there is a scarcity of information for molecular changes associated with long-term stay at high altitudes. In the present study, we evaluated oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) of lowlanders after short- (7 days, HA-D7) and long-term (3 months, HA-D150) stay at high altitudes, and used TMT-based proteomics studies to decipher plasma proteome alterations. We observed improvements in SpO2 levels after prolonged stay, while HR, SBP, and DBP remained elevated as compared with short-term stay. Plasma proteomics studies revealed higher levels of apolipoproteins APOB, APOCI, APOCIII, APOE, and APOL, and carbonic anhydrases (CA1 and CA2) during hypoxia exposure. Biological network analysis also identified profound alterations in lipoprotein-associated pathways like plasma lipoprotein assembly, VLDL clearance, chylomicron assembly, chylomicron remodeling, plasma lipoprotein clearance, and chylomicron clearance. In corroboration, lipid profiling revealed higher levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) for HA-D150 whereas high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels were lower as compared with HA-D7 and sea-level indicating dyslipidemia. We also observed higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNFα, and CRP for HA-D150 along with oxidized LDL (oxLDL), suggesting vascular inflammation and proartherogenic propensity. These results demonstrate that long-term stay at high altitudes exacerbates dyslipidemia and associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Sharma
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ram Niwas Meena
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Koushik Ray
- Neurophysiology Department, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Usha Panjwani
- Neurophysiology Department, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sethy
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Alcantara-Zapata DE, Llanos AJ, Nazzal C. High altitude exposure affects male reproductive parameters: Could it also affect the prostate?†. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:385-396. [PMID: 34725677 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Living at high altitudes and living with prostatic illness are two different conditions closely related to a hypoxic environment. People at high altitudes exposed to acute, chronic, or intermittent hypobaric hypoxia turn on several mechanisms at the system, cellular and molecular level to cope with oxygen atmosphere scarcity maintaining the oxygen homeostasis. This exposure affects the whole organism and function of many systems, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and reproductive. On the other hand, malignant prostate is related to the scarcity of oxygen in the tissue microenvironment due to its low availability and high consumption due to the swift cell proliferation rates. Based on the literature, this similarity in the oxygen scarcity suggests that hypobaric hypoxia, and other common factors between these two conditions, could be involved in the aggravation of the pathological prostatic status. However, there is still a lack of evidence in the association of this disease in males at high altitudes. This review aims to examine the possible mechanisms that hypobaric hypoxia might negatively add to the pathological prostate function in males who live and work at high altitudes. More profound investigations of hypobaric hypoxia's direct action on the prostate could help understand this exposure's effect and prevent worse prostate illness impact in males at high altitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aníbal J Llanos
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro Internacional de Estudios Andinos (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Nazzal
- Department of Epidemiology. School of Public Health. Faculty of Medicine. University of Chile
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sturgess C, Montgomery H. Selection pressure at altitude for genes related to alcohol metabolism: A role for endogenous enteric ethanol synthesis? Exp Physiol 2021; 106:2155-2167. [PMID: 34487385 DOI: 10.1113/ep089628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Highland natives have undergone natural selection for genetic variants advantageous in adaptation to the hypobaric hypoxia experienced at high altitude. Why genes related to alcohol metabolism appear consistently selected for has not been greatly considered. We hypothesize that altitude-related changes in the gut microbiome offer one possible explanation. What advances does it highlight? Low intestinal oxygen tension might favour the production of ethanol through anaerobic fermentation by the gut microbiome. Subsequent increases in endogenous ethanol absorption could therefore provide a selection pressure for gene variants favouring its increased degradation, or perhaps reduced degradation if endogenously synthesized ethanol acts as a metabolic signalling molecule. ABSTRACT Reduced tissue availability of oxygen results from ascent to high altitude, where atmospheric pressure, and thus the partial pressure of inspired oxygen, fall (hypobaric hypoxia). In humans, adaptation to such hypoxia is necessary for survival. These functional changes remain incompletely characterized, although metabolic adaptation (rather than simple increases in convective oxygen delivery) appears to play a fundamental role. Those populations that have remained native to high altitude have undergone natural selection for genetic variants associated with advantageous phenotypic traits. Interestingly, a consistent genetic signal has implicated alcohol metabolism in the human adaptive response to hypobaric hypoxia. The reasons for this remain unclear. One possibility is that increased alcohol synthesis occurs through fermentation by gut bacteria in response to enteric hypoxia. There is growing evidence that anaerobes capable of producing ethanol become increasingly prevalent with high-altitude exposure. We hypothesize that: (1) ascent to high altitude renders the gut luminal environment increasingly hypoxic, favouring (2) an increase in the population of enteric fermenting anaerobes, hence (3) the synthesis of alcohol which, through systemic absorption, leads to (4) selection pressure on genes relating to alcohol metabolism. In theory, alcohol could be viewed as a toxic product, leading to selection of gene variants favouring its metabolism. On the contrary, alcohol is a metabolic substrate that might be beneficial. This mechanism could also account for some of the interindividual differences of lowlanders in acclimatization to altitude. Future research should be aimed at determining any shifts to favour ethanol-producing anaerobes after ascent to altitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Connie Sturgess
- Institute for Human Health and Performance, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Institute for Human Health and Performance, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu G, Shi YK, Sun BD, Liu L, E GJ, He S, Zhang JY, Liu B, Hu Q, Chen J, Gao YQ, Zhang EL. DL-3-n-butylphthalide improved physical and learning and memory performance of rodents exposed to acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:23. [PMID: 33766114 PMCID: PMC7993509 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have revealed the protective effect of DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) against diseases associated with ischemic hypoxia. However, the role of NBP in animals with hypobaric hypoxia has not been elucidated. This study investigated the effects of NBP on rodents with acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia. METHODS Sprague-Dwaley rats and Kunming mice administered with NBP (0, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg for rats and 0, 90, 180, and 360 mg/kg for mice) were placed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber at 10,000 m and the survival percentages at 30 min were determined. Then, the time and distance to exhaustion of drug-treated rodents were evaluated during treadmill running and motor-driven wheel-track treadmill experiments, conducted at 5800 m for 3 days or 20 days, to evaluate changes in physical functions. The frequency of active escapes and duration of active escapes were also determined for rats in a shuttle-box experiment, conducted at 5800 m for 6 days or 27 days, to evaluate changes in learning and memory function. ATP levels were measured in the gastrocnemius muscle and malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and lactate were detected in sera of rats, and routine blood tests were also performed. RESULTS Survival analysis at 10,000 m indicated NBP could improve hypoxia tolerance ability. The time and distance to exhaustion for mice (NBP, 90 mg/kg) and time to exhaustion for rats (NBP, 120 and 240 mg/kg) significantly increased under conditions of acute hypoxia compared with control group. NBP treatment also significantly increased the time to exhaustion for rats when exposed to chronic hypoxia. Moreover, 240 mg/kg NBP significantly increased the frequency of active escapes under conditions of acute hypoxia. Furthermore, the levels of MDA and H2O2 decreased but those of SOD and GSH-Px in the sera of rats increased under conditions of acute and chronic hypoxia. Additionally, ATP levels in the gastrocnemius muscle significantly increased, while lactate levels in sera significantly decreased. CONCLUSION NBP improved physical and learning and memory functions in rodents exposed to acute or chronic hypobaric hypoxia by increasing their anti-oxidative capacity and energy supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Kun Shi
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin-Da Sun
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Ji E
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu He
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu Hu
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Qi Gao
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China. .,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| | - Er-Long Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Number 30, Gaotanyan Street, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China. .,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kayser B, Verges S. Hypoxia, energy balance, and obesity: An update. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 2:e13192. [PMID: 33470528 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Because of the enduring rise in the prevalence of obesity worldwide, there is continued interest in hypoxia as a mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities and as a potential therapeutic adjunct for the management of the disease. Lifelong exposure to altitude is accompanied by a lower risk for obesity, whereas altitude sojourns are generally associated with a loss of body mass. A negative energy balance upon exposure to hypoxia can be due to a combination of changes in determinants of energy expenditure (resting metabolic rate and physical activity energy expenditure) and energy intake (appetite). Over the past 15 years, the potential therapeutic interest of hypobaric or normobaric hypoxic exposure in individuals with obesity-to lower body mass and improve health status-has become an active field of research. Various protocols have been implemented, using actual altitude sojourns or intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposures, at rest or in association with physical activity. Although several studies suggest benefits on body mass and cardiovascular and metabolic variables, further investigations are required before recommending hypoxic exposure in obesity management programs. Future studies should also better clarify the effects of hypoxia on appetite, the intestinal microbiota, and finally on overall energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Verges
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Su Z, Liu Y, Zhang H. Adaptive Cardiac Metabolism Under Chronic Hypoxia: Mechanism and Clinical Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:625524. [PMID: 33604337 PMCID: PMC7884626 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.625524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia is an essential component in many cardiac diseases. The heart consumes a substantial amount of energy and it is important to maintain the balance of energy supply and demand when oxygen is limited. Previous studies showed that the heart switches from fatty acid to glucose to maintain metabolic efficiency in the adaptation to chronic hypoxia. However, the underlying mechanism of this adaptive cardiac metabolism remains to be fully characterized. Moreover, how the altered cardiac metabolism affects the heart function in patients with chronic hypoxia has not been discussed in the current literature. In this review, we summarized new findings from animal and human studies to illustrate the mechanism underlying the adaptive cardiac metabolism under chronic hypoxia. Clinical focus is given to certain patients that are subject to the impact of chronic hypoxia, and potential treatment strategies that modulate cardiac metabolism and may improve the heart function in these patients are also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Heart center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Heart center and Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Genome-wide comparative analyses reveal selection signatures underlying adaptation and production in Tibetan and Poll Dorset sheep. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2466. [PMID: 33510350 PMCID: PMC7844035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of genome-wide selection signatures can provide insights on the mechanisms of natural and/or artificial selection and uncover genes related to biological functions and/or phenotypes. Tibetan sheep are an important livestock in Tibet, providing meat and wool for Tibetans who are renown for breeding livestock that adapt well to high altitudes. Using whole-genome sequences with an effective sequencing depth of 5×, we investigated the genomic diversity and structure and, identified selection signatures of White Tibetan, Oula and Poll Dorset sheep. We obtained 30,163,679 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 5,388,372 indels benchmarked against the ovine Oar_v4.0 genome assembly. Next, using FST, ZHp and XP-EHH approaches, we identified selection signatures spanning a set of candidate genes, including HIF1A, CAPN3, PRKAA1, RXFP2, TRHR and HOXA10 that are associated with pathways and GO categories putatively related to hypoxia responses, meat traits and disease resistance. Candidate genes and GO terms associated with coat color were also identified. Finally, quantification of blood physiological parameters, revealed higher levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin measurement and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in Tibetan sheep compared with Poll Dorset, suggesting a greater oxygen-carrying capacity in the Tibetan sheep and thus better adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia. In conclusion, this study provides a greater understanding of genome diversity and variations associated with adaptive and production traits in sheep.
Collapse
|
42
|
Shao X, Dong X, Cai J, Tang C, Xie K, Yan Z, Luo E, Jing D. Oxygen Enrichment Ameliorates Cardiorespiratory Alterations Induced by Chronic High-Altitude Hypoxia in Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 11:616145. [PMID: 33488404 PMCID: PMC7817980 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.616145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic high-altitude hypoxia (HAH) results in compensatory pathological adaptations, especially in the cardiorespiratory system. The oxygen enrichment technology can provide long-lasting oxygen supply and minimize oxygen toxicity, which has proven to be effective to increase oxygen saturation, decrease heart rate, and improve human exercise performance after ascending to high altitudes. Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether oxygen enrichment can resist chronic HAH-induced cardiorespiratory alterations. Thirty-six male rats were equally assigned to the normal control (NC), HAH, and HAH with oxygen enrichment (HAHO) groups. The HAH and HAHO rats were housed in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber equivalent to 5,000 m for 4 weeks. The HAHO rats were exposed to oxygen-enriched air for 8 h/day. We found that oxygen enrichment mitigated the augmented skin blood flow and improved the locomotor activity of HAH-exposed rats. Oxygen enrichment inhibited HAH-induced increase in the production of red blood cells (RBCs). The hemodynamic results showed that oxygen enrichment decreased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) in HAH-exposed rats. HAH-associated right ventricular hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte enlargement were ameliorated by oxygen enrichment. Oxygen enrichment inhibited HAH-induced excessive expression of cytokines associated with cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis [angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin II (Ang II), collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1α1), collagen type III alpha 1 (Col3α1), and hydroxyproline] in the right ventricle (RV). Oxygen enrichment inhibited medial thickening, stenosis and fibrosis of pulmonary arterioles, and cytokine expression related with fibrosis (Col1α1, Col3α1, and hydroxyproline) and pulmonary vasoconstriction [endothelin-1(ET-1)] in HAH-exposed rats. This study represents the first effort testing the efficacy of the oxygen enrichment technique on cardiopulmonary structure and function in chronic HAH animals, and we found oxygen enrichment has the capability of ameliorating chronic HAH-induced cardiopulmonary alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Recuperation Management Office, Department of Medical Management and Training, Qingdao Special Service Recuperation Center of PLA Navy, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Chi Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kangning Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zedong Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erping Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kooman JP, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG, Feelisch M, Canaud B, Kotanko P. The oxygen cascade in patients treated with hemodialysis and native high-altitude dwellers: lessons from extreme physiology to benefit patients with end-stage renal disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 320:F249-F261. [PMID: 33356957 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00540.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients treated with hemodialysis (HD) repeatedly undergo intradialytic low arterial oxygen saturation and low central venous oxygen saturation, reflecting an imbalance between upper body systemic oxygen supply and demand, which are associated with increased mortality. Abnormalities along the entire oxygen cascade, with impaired diffusive and convective oxygen transport, contribute to the reduced tissue oxygen supply. HD treatment impairs pulmonary gas exchange and reduces ventilatory drive, whereas ultrafiltration can reduce tissue perfusion due to a decline in cardiac output. In addition to these factors, capillary rarefaction and reduced mitochondrial efficacy can further affect the balance between cellular oxygen supply and demand. Whereas it has been convincingly demonstrated that a reduced perfusion of heart and brain during HD contributes to organ damage, the significance of systemic hypoxia remains uncertain, although it may contribute to oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and accelerated senescence. These abnormalities along the oxygen cascade of patients treated with HD appear to be diametrically opposite to the situation in Tibetan highlanders and Sherpa, whose physiology adapted to the inescapable hypobaric hypoxia of their living environment over many generations. Their adaptation includes pulmonary, vascular, and metabolic alterations with enhanced capillary density, nitric oxide production, and mitochondrial efficacy without oxidative stress. Improving the tissue oxygen supply in patients treated with HD depends primarily on preventing hemodynamic instability by increasing dialysis time/frequency or prescribing cool dialysis. Whether dietary or pharmacological interventions, such as the administration of L-arginine, fermented food, nitrate, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 agonists, or prolyl hydroxylase 2 inhibitors, improve clinical outcome in patients treated with HD warrants future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen P Kooman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Canaud
- Montpellier University, School of Medicine, Montpellier, France & Global Medical Office, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kotanko
- Renal Research Institute, New York, New York.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Niu M, Singh S, Mi M, Bian P, Deji Z, Mima D, Li X. Safety and Efficacy of Therapeutic Erythrocytapheresis Treatment in Chronic Mountain Sickness Patients in Shigatse, Tibet, China. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e927853. [PMID: 33353927 PMCID: PMC7768795 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapeutic erythrocytapheresis (TEA) is a medical technology that separates erythrocytes from whole blood and has been used in various hematological conditions. However, reports on the use of TEA to treat chronic mountain sickness (CMS) are lacking. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and use of TEA in treatment of CMS. Material/Methods A total of 32 patients living in the Shigatse area of Tibet (altitude 4000 m) who had CMS were treated with TEA. Clinical data, CMS score, Borg dyspnea score, 6-min walking test score, and NYHA classification values were collected prior to and after TEA therapy. Results TEA treatment significantly increased SpO2 (93.8±2.6 vs. 80.5±5.8%, P<0.001) and decreased red blood cell (5.77±0.70 vs. 7.48±0.67×1012/L, P<0.001), hematocrit (53.8±5.6 vs. 69.2±4.8%, P<0.001) and hemoglobin (178±16 vs. 236±14 g/L, P<0.001). Significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also noted (P<0.001). Echocardiography showed higher left ventricle diameter (4.6±0.4 vs. 4.4±0.5 cm, P<0.01). TEA markedly decreased CMS scores (0.45±0.85 vs. 7.58±2.31, P<0.001), Borg dyspnea scale scores (0.48±0.73 vs. 0.88±0.81, P<0.001), and NYHA classification scores (P<0.05). Additionally, there was marked improvement in the 6-min walking test scores (578.5±83.1 vs. 550.4±79.0 m, P<0.001). The procedure was well tolerated, with no complications. Conclusions Our novel approach of treating CMS patients with TEA safely and effectively reduced erythrocytosis, which remains a fundamental challenge in CMS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Tibet, China (mainland)
| | - Shekhar Singh
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Ma Mi
- Department of Cardiology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Tibet, China (mainland)
| | - Pian Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Tibet, China (mainland)
| | - Zhuoga Deji
- Department of Cardiology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Tibet, China (mainland)
| | - Duoji Mima
- Department of Cardiology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Tibet, China (mainland)
| | - Xiankai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xu Y, Miao Z, Li X, Lin H, Cheng Y, Pan J, Xu Z. Hypoxia-reoxygenation stress modulates the hepatopancreas transcriptome of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Gene 2020; 771:145361. [PMID: 33338508 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a critical, but frequently overlooked problem, which commonly exists in Chinese mitten crab rearing. However, little information is available on the molecular mechanisms of the detrimental effects of hypoxia in this species. In the present study, crabs were subjected to acute hypoxia stress (DO 1.0 mg/L), followed by reoxygenation (DO 6.8 mg/L). Hepatopancreas from five groups of crabs (three to four crabs per group), including normoxia, hypoxia for one and six hours, and reoxygenation for one and 12 h, were used for transcriptome sequencing. The pooled total RNA of all samples were utilized to reconstruct a reference transcriptome with PacBio RS II sequencing, obtaining 49.19 G clean data, with a mean length of 2,180 bp. Seventeen cDNA libraries were constructed and sequenced to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the different samples (FDR < 0.05 and |log2 fold change| ≥1). A total of 103 and 251 DEGs were identified when exposed to hypoxia for one and six hours, respectively. Totally 462 and 673 DEGs were identified during reoxygenation at 1 and 12 h, respectively. Among these DEGs, two transcripts with complete ORFs were identified to encode hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (Es-Hif-1α/β), which is a transcriptional activator of various genes correlated to the cellular adaptive responses to hypoxia. Es-Hif-1a/β expressions were significantly upregulated when exposed to hypoxia treatment, and no significant difference was observed for Es-Hif-1α between hypoxic treatment for 6 h and reoxygenation. The significant KEGG enrichment revealed that the DEGs under hypoxia were mainly enriched in "PPAR signaling pathway", "Gap junction" and "Phototransduction-fly". Compared with crabs in normoxia, even with 12 h of reoxygenation, the hepatopancreas transcriptome under hypoxia remained severely affected, implying its adverse effect on growth and development, or increased susceptibility to diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Zhen Miao
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuguang Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Jianlin Pan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Duan M, Wang Z, Guo X, Wang K, Liu S, Zhang B, Shang P. Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveals different metabolic patterns in the livers of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:922-930. [PMID: 33152227 PMCID: PMC8100475 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Tibetan pigs, predominantly originating from the Tibetan Plateau, have been subjected to long-term natural selection in an extreme environment. To characterize the metabolic adaptations to hypoxic conditions, transcriptomic and proteomic expression patterns in the livers of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs were compared. Methods RNA and protein were extracted from liver tissue of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs (n = 3, each). Differentially expressed genes and proteins were subjected to gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes functional enrichment analyses. Results In the RNA-Seq and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation analyses, a total of 18,791 genes and 3,390 proteins were detected and compared. Of these, 273 and 257 differentially expressed genes and proteins were identified. Evidence from functional enrichment analysis showed that many genes were involved in metabolic processes. The combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that small molecular biosynthesis, metabolic processes, and organic hydroxyl compound metabolic processes were the major processes operating differently in the two breeds. The important genes include retinol dehydrogenase 16, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, prenylcysteine oxidase 1, sorbin and SH3 domain containing 2, ENSSSCG00000036224, perilipin 2, ladinin 1, kynurenine aminotransferase 1, and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1. Conclusion The findings of this study provide novel insight into the high-altitude metabolic adaptation of Tibetan pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Duan
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 86000, China
| | - Zhenmei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 86000, China
| | - Xinying Guo
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 86000, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 86000, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Shang
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 86000, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Stienen GJM. Early adjustments in mitochondrial structure and function in skeletal muscle to high altitude: design and rationale of the first study from the Kilimanjaro Biobank. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:793-798. [PMID: 32572680 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological acclimatisation and adaptation processes in skeletal muscle at high altitude are of high medical and social relevance not only to understand limitations in physical performance at high altitude but also to understand the consequences of hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia in critically ill patients. Of particular importance in these processes are the alterations in content and function of mitochondria and myoglobin. The majority of studies on oxygen delivery to the tissues and utilisation by the cellular metabolism at high altitude were performed after prolonged stay at high altitude and in altitude-adapted highlanders. However, these studies do not provide insight in the sequence of events during the physiological acclimatisation and adaptation processes. Therefore, it is important to identify the early alterations in structure and function of the major determinants of the oxygen transport via myoglobin and oxygen utilisation by the mitochondria in skeletal muscle at high altitude. To achieve this goal, it is of interest to collect, analyse and compare quadriceps muscle biopsies and venous blood samples of climbers, guides and porters before and after climbing Mount Kilimanjaro and in participants of the Kilimanjaro Marathon before and after the run. The samples will be carefully documented and stored in the Kilimanjaro Biobank and will be made available to other research groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G J M Stienen
- Department of Physiology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, PO Box 2240, Moshi, Tanzania. .,Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Guo Z, Fan C, Li T, Gesang L, Yin W, Wang N, Weng X, Gong Q, Zhang J, Wang J. Neural network correlates of high-altitude adaptive genetic variants in Tibetans: A pilot, exploratory study. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2406-2430. [PMID: 32128935 PMCID: PMC7267913 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made in the identification of genetic substrates underlying physiology, neuropsychology, and brain organization, the genotype–phenotype associations remain largely unknown in the context of high‐altitude (HA) adaptation. Here, we related HA adaptive genetic variants in three gene loci (EGLN1, EPAS1, and PPARA) to interindividual variance in a set of physiological characteristics, neuropsychological tests, and topological attributes of large‐scale structural and functional brain networks in 135 indigenous Tibetan highlanders. Analyses of individual HA adaptive single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed that specific SNPs selectively modulated physiological characteristics (erythrocyte level, ratio between forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity, arterial oxygen saturation, and heart rate) and structural network centrality (the left anterior orbital gyrus) with no effects on neuropsychology or functional brain networks. Further analyses of genetic adaptive scores, which summarized the overall degree of genetic adaptation to HA, revealed significant correlations only with structural brain networks with respect to local interconnectivity of the whole networks, intermodule communication between the right frontal and parietal module and the left occipital module, nodal centrality in several frontal regions, and connectivity strength of a subnetwork predominantly involving in intramodule edges in the right temporal and occipital module. Moreover, the associations were dependent on gene loci, weight types, or topological scales. Together, these findings shed new light on genotype–phenotype interactions under HA hypoxia and have important implications for developing new strategies to optimize organism and tissue responses to chronic hypoxia induced by extreme environments or diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Guo
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Cunxiu Fan
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Luobu Gesang
- Institute of High Altitude Medicine, Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wu Yin
- Department of Radiology, Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ningkai Wang
- Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuchu Weng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Brain Diseases and Cognition, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tian Y, Li S, Zhao T. The discovery of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2019. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2019-0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
50
|
Yang J, Liu C, Jihang Z, Yu J, Dai L, Ding X, Qiu Y, Yu S, Yang Y, Wu Y, Huang L. PPARA genetic variants increase the risk for cardiac pumping function reductions following acute high-altitude exposure: A self-controlled study. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00919. [PMID: 31407515 PMCID: PMC6785441 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Left cardiac pumping function determines the compensatory capacity of the cardiovascular system following acute high‐altitude exposure. Variations in cardiac output (CO) at high altitude are inconsistent between individuals, and genetic susceptibility may play a crucial role. We sought to identify genetic causes of cardiac pumping function variations and describe the genotype–phenotype correlations. Methods A total of 151 young male volunteers were recruited and transferred to Lhasa (3,700 m) from Chengdu (<500 m) by plane. Genetic information related to hypoxic signaling and cardiovascular‐related pathways was collected before departure. Echocardiography was performed both before departure and 24 hr after arrival at high altitude. Results Here we reported that PPARA variants were closely related to high‐altitude cardiac function. The variants of rs6520015 C‐allele and rs7292407 A‐allele significantly increased the risk for cardiac pumping function reductions following acute high‐altitude exposure. In addition, the individuals carrying haplotypes in PPARA, namely, rs135538 C‐allele, rs4253623 A‐allele, rs6520015 C‐allele and rs7292407 A‐allele (C‐A‐C‐A), suffered a 7.27‐fold risk for cardiac pumping function reduction (95% CI: 2.39–22.15, p = .0006) compared with those carrying the wild‐type haplotype. Conclusions This self‐controlled study revealed that PPARA variations significantly increased the risk for cardiac pumping function reductions following acute high‐altitude exposure, providing a potential predictive marker before high‐altitude exposure and targets in mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhang Jihang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Limeng Dai
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Youzhu Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Sanjiu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuanqi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|