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Qin X, Du J, He R, Li Y, Li H, Liang X. Potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for LPS-associated female fertility decline. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024:10.1007/s10815-024-03226-2. [PMID: 39167249 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
As a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can be recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRs) and induce inflammation through MyD88 or the TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) pathway. Previous studies have found that LPS-associated inflammatory/immune challenges were associated with ovarian dysfunction and reduced female fertility. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of female fertility decline associated with LPS are currently complex and multifaceted. In this review, PubMed was used to search for references on LPS and fertility decline so as to elucidate the potential mechanisms of LPS-associated female fertility decline and summarize therapeutic strategies that may improve LPS-associated fertility decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junhong Du
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ruifen He
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Gynecologic Oncology Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1, Donggangxi Rd, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaolei Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Gynecologic Oncology Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1, Donggangxi Rd, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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2
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Zhang XM, Huang YC, Chen BZ, Li Q, Wu PP, Chen WH, Wu RH, Li C. Water decoction of Pericarpium citri reticulatae and Amomi fructus ameliorates alcohol-induced liver disease involved in the modulation of gut microbiota and TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1392338. [PMID: 38966547 PMCID: PMC11222602 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1392338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcohol consumption alters the diversity and metabolic activities of gut microbiota, leading to intestinal barrier dysfunction and contributing to the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which is the most prevalent cause of advanced liver diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and action mechanism of an aqueous extraction of Pericarpium citri reticulatae and Amomi fructus (PFE) on alcoholic liver injury. Methods C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the mouse model of alcoholic liver injury and orally administered 500 and 1,000 mg/kg/d of PFE for 2 weeks. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing were used to analyze the mechanism of action of PFE in the treatment of alcohol-induced liver injury. Results Treatment with PFE significantly improved alcohol-induced liver injury, as illustrated by the normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in ALD mice in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of PFE not only maintained the intestinal barrier integrity prominently by upregulating mucous production and tight junction protein expressions but also sensibly reversed the dysregulation of intestinal microecology in alcohol-treated mice. Furthermore, PFE treatment significantly reduced hepatic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and attenuated oxidative stress as well as inflammation related to the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. The PFE supplementation also significantly promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the ALD mice. Conclusion Administration of PFE effectively prevents alcohol-induced liver injury and may also regulate the LPS-involved gut-liver axis; this could provide valuable insights for the development of drugs to prevent and treat ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Min Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Yue-Chang Huang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Bai-Zhong Chen
- Guangdong Xinbaotang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiangmen, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Pan-Pan Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Ri-Hui Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
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3
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Hsu MF, Koike S, Chen CS, Najjar SM, Meng TC, Haj FG. Pharmacological inhibition of the Src homology phosphatase 2 confers partial protection in a mouse model of alcohol-associated liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116590. [PMID: 38653109 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a leading factor of liver-related death worldwide. ALD has various manifestations that include steatosis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis and is currently without approved pharmacotherapies. The Src homology phosphatase 2 (Shp2) is a drug target in some cancers due to its positive regulation of Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and cell proliferation. Shp2 pharmacological inhibition yields beneficial outcomes in animal disease models, but its impact on ALD remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effects of Shp2 inhibition and its validity using a preclinical mouse model of ALD. We report that the administration of SHP099, a potent and selective allosteric inhibitor of Shp2, partially ameliorated ethanol-induced hepatic injury, inflammation, and steatosis in mice. Additionally, Shp2 inhibition was associated with reduced ethanol-evoked activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), oxidative, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver. Besides the liver, excessive alcohol consumption induces multi-organ injury and dysfunction, including the intestine. Notably, Shp2 inhibition diminished ethanol-induced intestinal inflammation and permeability, abrogated the reduction in tight junction protein expression, and the activation of ERK and stress signaling in the ileum. Collectively, Shp2 pharmacological inhibition mitigates the deleterious effects of ethanol in the liver and intestine in a mouse model of ALD. Given the multifactorial aspects underlying ALD pathogenesis, additional studies are needed to decipher the utility of Shp2 inhibition alone or as a component in a multitherapeutic regimen to combat this deadly malady.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fo Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Shinichiro Koike
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chang-Shan Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Tzu-Ching Meng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fawaz G Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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4
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Ray B, Rungratanawanich W, LeFort KR, Chidambaram SB, Song BJ. Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) Protects against Binge Alcohol-Mediated Gut and Brain Injury. Cells 2024; 13:927. [PMID: 38891060 PMCID: PMC11171926 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) metabolizes acetaldehyde to acetate. People with ALDH2 deficiency and Aldh2-knockout (KO) mice are more susceptible to alcohol-induced tissue damage. However, the underlying mechanisms behind ALDH2-related gut-associated brain damage remain unclear. Age-matched young female Aldh2-KO and C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice were gavaged with binge alcohol (4 g/kg/dose, three doses) or dextrose (control) at 12 h intervals. Tissues and sera were collected 1 h after the last ethanol dose and evaluated by histological and biochemical analyses of the gut and hippocampus and their extracts. For the mechanistic study, mouse neuroblast Neuro2A cells were exposed to ethanol with or without an Aldh2 inhibitor (Daidzin). Binge alcohol decreased intestinal tight/adherens junction proteins but increased oxidative stress-mediated post-translational modifications (PTMs) and enterocyte apoptosis, leading to elevated gut leakiness and endotoxemia in Aldh2-KO mice compared to corresponding WT mice. Alcohol-exposed Aldh2-KO mice also showed higher levels of hippocampal brain injury, oxidative stress-related PTMs, and neuronal apoptosis than the WT mice. Additionally, alcohol exposure reduced Neuro2A cell viability with elevated oxidative stress-related PTMs and apoptosis, all of which were exacerbated by Aldh2 inhibition. Our results show for the first time that ALDH2 plays a protective role in binge alcohol-induced brain injury partly through the gut-brain axis, suggesting that ALDH2 is a potential target for attenuating alcohol-induced tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipul Ray
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.R.); (W.R.); (K.R.L.)
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.R.); (W.R.); (K.R.L.)
| | - Karli R. LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.R.); (W.R.); (K.R.L.)
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, and Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.R.); (W.R.); (K.R.L.)
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5
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Zaparte A, Dore E, White S, Paliarin F, Gabriel C, Copenhaver K, Basavanhalli S, Garcia E, Vaddavalli R, Luo M, Taylor CM, Welsh DA, Maiya R. Standard rodent diets differentially impact alcohol consumption, preference, and gut microbiome diversity. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1383181. [PMID: 38803684 PMCID: PMC11129685 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1383181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex and widespread disease with limited pharmacotherapies. Preclinical animal models of AUD use a variety of voluntary alcohol consumption procedures to recapitulate different phases of AUD, including binge alcohol consumption and dependence. However, voluntary alcohol consumption in mice is widely variable, making it difficult to reproduce results across labs. Accumulating evidence indicates that different brands of commercially available rodent chow can profoundly influence alcohol intake. In this study, we investigated the effects of three commercially available and widely used rodent diet formulations on alcohol consumption and preference in C57BL/6 J mice using the 24 h intermittent access procedure. The three brands of chow tested were LabDiet 5,001 (LD5001), LabDiet 5,053 (LD5053), and Teklad 2019S (TL2019S) from two companies (Research Diets and Envigo, respectively). Mice fed LD5001 and LD5053 displayed higher levels of alcohol consumption and preference compared to mice fed TL2019S. We also found that alcohol consumption and preference could be rapidly switched by changing the diet 48 h prior to alcohol administration. Sucrose, saccharin, and quinine preferences were not altered, suggesting that the diets did not alter sweet and bitter taste perception. We also found that mice fed LD5001 displayed increased quinine-resistant alcohol intake compared to mice fed TL2019S, suggesting that diets could influence the development of compulsive behaviors such as alcohol consumption. We profiled the gut microbiome of water- and alcohol-drinking mice that were maintained on different diets and found significant differences in bacterial alpha- and beta-diversities, which could impact the gut-brain axis signaling and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Zaparte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Evan Dore
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Selby White
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Franciely Paliarin
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Cameron Gabriel
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Katherine Copenhaver
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Samhita Basavanhalli
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Emily Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Rishith Vaddavalli
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - David Allen Welsh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Rajani Maiya
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
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6
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López-Valencia L, Moya M, Escudero B, García-Bueno B, Orio L. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide forms aggregates with apolipoproteins in male and female rat brains after ethanol binges. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100509. [PMID: 38295984 PMCID: PMC10907226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol binge drinking allows the translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the gut to the blood, which activates the peripheral immune system with consequences in neuroinflammation. A possible access/direct signaling of LPS to/in the brain has not yet been described under alcohol abuse conditions. Apolipoproteins are compounds altered by alcohol with high affinity to LPS which may be involved in its transport to the brain or in its elimination. Here, we explored the expression of small components of LPS, in its free form or bound to apolipoproteins, in the brain of female and male rats exposed to alcohol binges. Animals received ethanol oral gavages (3 g/kg every 8 h) for 4 days. LPS or its components (Lipid A and core), LPS-binding protein, corticosterone, lipoproteins (HDL, LDL), apolipoproteins (ApoAI, ApoB, and ApoE), and their receptors were measured in plasma and/or in nonperfused prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cerebellum. Brain LipidA-apolipoprotein aggregates were determined by Western blotting and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. In animals exposed to alcohol binges: 1) plasma LPS-binding protein was elevated in both sexes; 2) females showed elevations in plasma ApoAI and corticosterone levels; 3) Lipid A formed aggregates with ApoAI in the female PFC and with ApoB in males, the latter showing Toll-like receptor 4 upregulation in PFC but not females. These results suggest that small bacterial components are present within the brain, forming aggregates with different apolipoproteins, depending on the sex, after alcohol binge intoxications. Results may have implications for the crosstalk between alcohol, LPS, and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L López-Valencia
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Neuroscience and Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Moya
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - B Escudero
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Neuroscience and Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - B García-Bueno
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Neuroscience and Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM (IUIN), Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Orio
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Neuroscience and Mental Health, Madrid, Spain; RIAPAd: Research network in primary care in addictions ('Red de investigación en atención primaria en adicciones'), Spain.
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7
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Salehi S, Allahverdy J, Pourjafar H, Sarabandi K, Jafari SM. Gut Microbiota and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Understanding the Pathogenesis and the Role of Probiotics as a Therapeutic Strategy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10223-5. [PMID: 38421576 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common disorders among women in modern societies. A variety of factors can contribute to the development of PCOS. These women often exhibit high insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenism, irregular periods, and infertility. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (GMB) in women with PCOS has attracted the attention of many researchers. Porphyromonas spp., B. coprophilus, and F. prausnitzii are found in higher numbers in the gut of women with PCOS. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by the intestinal microbiota through fermentation, play an essential role in regulating metabolic activities and are helpful in reducing insulin resistance and improving PCOS symptoms. According to studies, the bacteria producing SCFAs in the gut of these women are less abundant than in healthy women. The effectiveness of using probiotic supplements has been proven to improve the condition of women with PCOS. Daily consumption of probiotics improves dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome and increases the production of SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Salehi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Allahverdy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Khashayar Sarabandi
- Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Km 12 Mashhad-Quchan Highway, PO Box 91895, Mashhad, 157-356, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
- Halal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Zaparte A, Dore E, White S, Paliarin F, Gabriel C, Copenhaver K, Basavanhalli S, Garcia E, Vaddavalli R, Luo M, Taylor CM, Welsh D, Maiya R. Standard rodent diets differentially impact alcohol consumption and preference and gut microbiome diversity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.06.579237. [PMID: 38370762 PMCID: PMC10871281 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.579237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a complex and widespread disease with limited pharmacotherapies. Preclinical animal models of AUD use a variety of voluntary alcohol consumption procedures to recapitulate different phases of AUD including binge alcohol consumption and dependence. However, voluntary alcohol consumption in mice is widely variable rendering it difficult to reproduce results across labs. Accumulating evidence indicates that different brands of commercially available rodent chow can profoundly influence alcohol intake. In this study, we investigated the effects of three commercially available and widely used rodent diet formulations on alcohol consumption and preference in C57BL/6J mice using the 24h intermittent access procedure. The three brands of chow tested were LabDiet 5001 (LD 5001), LabDiet 5053 (LD 5053), and Teklad 2019S (TL2019S) from two companies (Research Diets and Envigo respectively). Mice fed LD5001 displayed the highest levels of alcohol consumption and preference followed by LD5053 and TL2019S. We also found that alcohol consumption and preference could be rapidly switched by changing the diet 48h prior to alcohol administration. Sucrose, saccharin, and quinine preference were not altered suggesting that the diets did not alter taste perception. We also found that mice fed LD5001 displayed increased quinine-resistant alcohol intake compared to mice fed TL2019S, suggesting that diets could influence the development of "compulsive" like alcohol consumption. We profiled the gut microbiome of water and alcohol drinking mice that were maintained on different diets and found significant differences in bacterial alpha and beta diversity, which could impact gut-brain axis signaling and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Zaparte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Evan Dore
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Selby White
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Franciely Paliarin
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Cameron Gabriel
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Katherine Copenhaver
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Samhita Basavanhalli
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Emily Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Rishith Vaddavalli
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - David Welsh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
| | - Rajani Maiya
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans
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9
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Wolstenholme JT, Duong NK, Brocato ER, Bajaj JS. Gut-Liver-Brain Axis and Alcohol Use Disorder: Treatment Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Alcohol Res 2024; 44:01. [PMID: 38322428 PMCID: PMC10843328 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v44.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic alcohol use is a major cause of liver damage and death. In the United States, multiple factors have led to low utilization of pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD), including lack of provider knowledge and comfort in prescribing medications for AUD. Alcohol consumption has direct effects on the gut microbiota, altering the diversity of bacteria and leading to bacterial overgrowth. Growing evidence suggests that alcohol's effects on the gut microbiome may contribute to increased alcohol consumption and progression of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This article reviews human and preclinical studies investigating the role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ameliorating alcohol-associated alterations to the liver, gut, and brain resulting in altered behavior; it also discusses the therapeutic potential of FMT. SEARCH METHODS For this narrative review, a literature search was conducted in September 2022 of PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar to identify studies published between January 2012 and September 2022. Search terms used included "fecal microbiota transplantation" and "alcohol." SEARCH RESULTS Most results of the literature search were review articles or articles on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; these were excluded. Of the remaining empirical manuscripts, very few described clinical or preclinical studies that were directly investigating the effects of FMT on alcohol drinking or related behaviors. Ultimately, 16 studies were included in the review. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The literature search identified only a few studies that were directly investigating the effect of FMT on ALD or alcohol drinking and related behaviors. Largely proof-of-concept studies, these findings demonstrate that alcohol can alter the gut microbiome and that the microbiome can be transferred between humans and rodents to alter affective behaviors frequently associated with increased alcohol use. Other studies have shown promise of FMT or other probiotic supplementation in alleviating some of the symptoms associated with ALD and drinking. These results show that the implementation of FMT as a therapeutic approach is still in the investigatory stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer T. Wolstenholme
- Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nikki K. Duong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Emily R. Brocato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jasmohan S. Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia
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10
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Cheng Q, Wang K, Lu R, Xiong Y, Luo X, Li X, Liu W, Wang J, Li Y, Yan J. Effect of white jade snail secretion on antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbial diversity in mouse model of acute gastric ulcer. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1723-1731. [PMID: 37851602 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present work, acute gastric ulcer models were constructed by administering hydrochloric acid/ethanol. The mice ingested white jade snail secretion (WJSS) through gastric infusion. Ulcer areas in gastric tissue were recorded, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also measured. Notably, high-throughput 16S rDNA analysis of intestinal flora and determination of amino acid composition in feces were performed to understand the effect of WJSS on model mice. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the ulcer area in the WJSS low-, medium- and high-concentration groups declined by 28.02%, 39.57% and 77.85%, respectively. MDA content decreased by 24.71%, 49.58% and 64.25%, and SOD relative enzyme activity fell by 28.19%, 43.37% and 9.60%, respectively. The amounts of amino acids in the low-, medium- and high-concentration groups were slightly lower, and probiotic bacteria such as Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillales increased in different-concentration WJSS groups. Adding WJSS contributes to the establishment of beneficial intestinal flora and the absorption of amino acids. CONCLUSION Our results showed that WJSS has a beneficial effect on inhibiting hydrochloric acid-ethanolic gastric ulcers, suggesting that WJSS has excellent potential as a novel anti-ulcer agent. Combined with ulcer area, MDA content, SOD content, gut probiotics and other indicators, a high concentration of WJSS had the best protective effect on acute gastric ulcer. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cheng
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kaidi Wang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Xianqing Luo
- Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi, Nanning, China
| | - Xian Li
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yixiang Li
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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11
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Siddiqui MT, Han Y, Shapiro D, West G, Fiocchi C, Cresci GAM. The Postbiotic Butyrate Mitigates Gut Mucosal Disruption Caused by Acute Ethanol Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1665. [PMID: 38338944 PMCID: PMC10855591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to test how the postbiotic butyrate impacts select gut bacteria, small intestinal epithelial integrity, and microvascular endothelial activation during acute ethanol exposure in mice and primary human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMECs). Supplementation during an acute ethanol challenge with or without tributyrin, a butyrate prodrug, was delivered to C57BL/6 mice. A separate group of mice received 3 days of clindamycin prior to the acute ethanol challenge. Upon euthanasia, blood endotoxin, cecal bacteria, jejunal barrier integrity, and small intestinal lamina propria dendritic cells were assessed. HIMECs were tested for activation following exposure to ethanol ± lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sodium butyrate. Tributyrin supplementation protected a butyrate-generating microbe during ethanol and antibiotic exposure. Tributyrin rescued ethanol-induced disruption in jejunal epithelial barrier, elevated plasma endotoxin, and increased mucosal vascular addressin cell-adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) expression in intestinal microvascular endothelium. These protective effects of tributyrin coincided with a tolerogenic dendritic response in the intestinal lamina propria. Lastly, sodium butyrate pre- and co-treatment attenuated the direct effects of ethanol and LPS on MAdCAM-1 induction in the HIMECs from a patient with ulcerative colitis. Tributyrin supplementation protects small intestinal epithelial and microvascular barrier integrity and modulates microvascular endothelial activation and dendritic tolerizing function during a state of gut dysbiosis and acute ethanol challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tausif Siddiqui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.T.S.); (C.F.)
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yingchun Han
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - David Shapiro
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Gail West
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.T.S.); (C.F.)
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Gail A. M. Cresci
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (M.T.S.); (C.F.)
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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12
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Xia G, Li Z, Sheng X, Xie Z, Fang Q, Zhang C, Wang T, Wang Y, Wu B, Lv X. Water extract of green tea attenuates alcohol-related hepatitis by inhibiting liver inflammation and gut microbiota disturbance in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:10770-10783. [PMID: 37975193 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03685e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Green tea is one of the main types of tea in China, and it has been widely consumed in the world. This study aims to investigate the potential mechanism by which the water extract of green tea (GTWE) may be effective in the treatment of alcohol-related hepatitis (ARH), utilizing a combination of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. Through network pharmacology analysis, seven active components and 45 potential targets were identified, with TLR4 being confirmed as the central target. Experimental findings demonstrate that GTWE exhibits significant efficacy in mitigating alcohol-induced liver inflammation and steatosis. Furthermore, the administration of GTWE has demonstrated significant efficacy in mitigating alcohol-induced intestinal inflammation and microbiota disturbance while concurrently restoring intestinal barrier function. Consequently, GTWE exhibits considerable potential as a pharmacological intervention and warrants further research and development as a lead compound for the treatment of ARH. Moreover, the prospective utilization of green tea in prolonged intakes exhibits potential as a prophylactic nutritive regimen against ARH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Xia
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Zixuan Li
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sheng
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qian Fang
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Yulian Wang
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Baoming Wu
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.
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13
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Aasarey R, Yadav K, Kashyap BK, Prabha S, Kumar P, Kumar A, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK. Role of Immunological Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Disease and Associated Pathways. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1801-1816. [PMID: 38093838 PMCID: PMC10714437 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the predominant causes of cancer-related mortality across the globe. It is attributed to obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and infection by the hepatitis virus. Early diagnosis of HCC is essential, and local treatments such as surgical excision and percutaneous ablation are effective. Palliative systemic therapy, primarily with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sorafenib, is used in advanced cases. However, the prognosis for advanced HCC remains poor. This Review additionally describes the pathophysiological mechanisms of HCC, which include aberrant molecular signaling, genomic instability, persistent inflammation, and the paradoxical position of the immune system in promoting and suppressing HCC. The paper concludes by discussing the growing body of research on the relationship between mitochondria and HCC, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the progression of HCC. This Review focuses on immunological interactions between different mechanisms of HCC progression, including obesity, viral infection, and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Aasarey
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute
of Medical Science, New Delhi-11029, India
| | - Kajal Yadav
- Department
of Biotechnology, All India Institute of
Medical Science, New Delhi-11029, India
| | - Brijendra Kumar Kashyap
- Department
of Biotechnology Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi-284128, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarit Prabha
- Department
of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana
Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal-462003, Madhya Pradesh,India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Indian
Council of Medical Research, National Institute
of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), l-7, Sector-39, Noida-201301, National Capital Region, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department
of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Karmre, Kanke-835222, Ranchi, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Research
and Development Cell, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara-144411, Punjab, India
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14
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Pinnell LJ, Young JD, Thompson TW, Wolfe CA, Bryant TC, Nair MN, Richeson JT, Morley PS. Establishing the link between microbial communities in bovine liver abscesses and the gastrointestinal tract. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:58. [PMID: 37986094 PMCID: PMC10662489 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver abscesses (LAs) are one of the most common and important problems faced by the beef industry. The most efficacious method for the prevention of LAs in North America is through dietary inclusion of low doses of antimicrobial drugs such as tylosin, but the mechanisms by which this treatment prevents LAs are not fully understood. LAs are believed to result from mucosal barrier dysfunction in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) allowing bacterial translocation to the liver via the portal vein, yet differences in the GIT microbiome of cattle with and without LAs have not been explored. Here, we characterized microbial communities from LAs, rumen, ileum, and colon from the same cattle for the first time. RESULTS Results demonstrate that tylosin supplementation was associated with differences in microbial community structure in the rumen and small intestine, largely because of differences in the predominance of Clostridia. Importantly, we show for the first time that microbial communities from multiple LAs in one animal's liver are highly similar, suggesting that abscesses found at different locations in the liver may originate from a localized source in the GIT (rather than disparate locations). A large portion of abscesses were dominated by microbial taxa that were most abundant in the hindgut. Further, we identified taxa throughout the GIT that were differentially abundant between animals with and without liver abscesses. Bifidobacterium spp.-a bacteria commonly associated with a healthy GIT in several species-were more abundant in the rumen and ileum of animals without LAs compared to those with LAs. CONCLUSIONS Together these results provide the first direct comparison of GIT and LA microbial communities within the same animal, add considerable evidence to the hypothesis that some LA microbial communities arise from the hindgut, and suggest that barrier dysfunction throughout the GIT may be the underlying cause of LA formation in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Pinnell
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, 79015, USA
| | - J Daniel Young
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, 79015, USA
| | - Tyler W Thompson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Cory A Wolfe
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, 79015, USA
| | - Tony C Bryant
- Five Rivers Cattle Feeding, Johnstown, CO, 80534, USA
| | - Mahesh N Nair
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - John T Richeson
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, 79015, USA
| | - Paul S Morley
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, 79015, USA.
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15
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Yang Q, Lyu S, Xu M, Li S, Du Z, Liu X, Shang X, Yu Z, Liu J, Zhang T. Potential Benefits of Egg White Proteins and Their Derived Peptides in the Regulation of the Intestinal Barrier and Gut Microbiota: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13168-13180. [PMID: 37639307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Impaired intestinal barrier function can impede the digestion and absorption of nutrients and cause a range of metabolic disorders, which are the main causes of intestinal disease. Evidence suggests that proper dietary protein intake can prevent and alleviate intestinal diseases. Egg white protein (EWP) has received considerable attention, because of its high protein digestibility and rich amino acid composition. Furthermore, bioactive peptides may have an increased repair effect due to their high degradation efficiency in the gut. In this study, we aimed to review the effects of EWP and its bioactive peptides on intestinal structural repair. The potential modulation mechanisms by which EWP and their peptides regulate the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier can be summarized as follows: (1) restoring the structure of the intestinal barrier to its intact form, (2) enhancing the intestinal immune system and alleviating the inflammatory response and oxidative damage, and (3) increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and metabolites. Further in-depth analysis of the coregulation of multiple signaling pathways by EWP is required, and the combined effects of these multiple mechanisms requires further evaluation in experimental models. Human trials can be considered to understand new directions for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Siwen Lyu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Menglei Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Shengrao Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyang Du
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Xuanting Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, 570228 Haikou, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, China
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16
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Maccioni L, Fu Y, Horsmans Y, Leclercq I, Stärkel P, Kunos G, Gao B. Alcohol-associated bowel disease: new insights into pathogenesis. EGASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 1:e100013. [PMID: 37662449 PMCID: PMC10472976 DOI: 10.1136/egastro-2023-100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol drinking can cause pathological changes including carcinogenesis in the digestive tract from mouth to large intestine, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the effects of alcohol on small and large intestinal functions, such as leaky gut, dysbiosis and alterations of intestinal epithelium and gut immune dysfunctions, commonly referred to as alcohol-associated bowel disease (ABD). To date, detailed mechanistic insights into ABD are lacking. Accumulating evidence suggests a pathogenic role of ethanol metabolism in dysfunctions of the intestinal tract. Ethanol metabolism generates acetaldehyde and acetate, which could potentially promote functional disruptions of microbial and host components of the intestinal barrier along the gastrointestinal tract. The potential involvement of acetaldehyde and acetate in the pathogenesis of the underlying ABD, including cancer, is discussed. We also highlight some gaps in knowledge existing in the field of ABD. Finally, we discuss future directions in exploring the role of acetaldehyde and acetate generated during chronic alcohol intake in various pathologies affecting different sites of the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maccioni
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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17
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Meena AS, Shukla PK, Rao R, Canelas C, Pierre JF, Rao R. TRPV6 deficiency attenuates stress and corticosterone-mediated exacerbation of alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1093584. [PMID: 36817471 PMCID: PMC9929865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1093584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic stress is co-morbid with alcohol use disorder that feedback on one another, thus impeding recovery from both disorders. Stress and the stress hormone corticosterone aggravate alcohol-induced intestinal permeability and liver damage. However, the mechanisms involved in compounding tissue injury by stress/corticosterone and alcohol are poorly defined. Here we explored the involvement of the TRPV6 channel in stress (or corticosterone) 3and alcohol-induced intestinal epithelial permeability, microbiota dysbiosis, and systemic inflammation. Methods Chronic alcohol feeding was performed on adult wild-type and Trpv6-/- mice with or without corticosterone treatment or chronic restraint stress (CRS). The barrier function was determined by evaluating inulin permeability in vivo and assessing tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ) integrity by immunofluorescence microscopy. The gut microbiota composition was evaluated by 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic analyses. Systemic responses were assessed by evaluating endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and liver damage. Results Corticosterone and CRS disrupted TJ and AJ, increased intestinal mucosal permeability, and caused endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and liver damage in wild-type but not Trpv6-/- mice. Corticosterone and CRS synergistically potentiated the alcohol-induced breakdown of intestinal epithelial junctions, mucosal barrier impairment, endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and liver damage in wild-type but not Trpv6-/- mice. TRPV6 deficiency also blocked the effects of CRS and CRS-mediated potentiation of alcohol-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Conclusions These findings indicate an essential role of TRPV6 in stress, corticosterone, and alcohol-induced intestinal permeability, microbiota dysbiosis, endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and liver injury. This study identifies TRPV6 as a potential therapeutic target for developing treatment strategies for stress and alcohol-associated comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avtar S. Meena
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Pradeep K. Shukla
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Rupa Rao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Cherie Canelas
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Joseph F. Pierre
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - RadhaKrishna Rao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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18
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Zogona D, Zongo AWS, Elkhedir AE, Salah M, Tao M, Li R, Wu T, Xu X. Red raspberry supplementation mitigates alcohol-induced liver injury associated with gut microbiota alteration and intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:1209-1226. [PMID: 36602148 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is still a global health concern. Long-term alcohol intake alters the gut microbiota diversity and metabolic activity, and causes intestinal barrier dysfunction, leading to the development of ALD. This research explored the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of red raspberry (RR) on alcohol-related disorders in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet or a standard diet supplemented with 2%, 4%, and 8% weight/weight RR. Meanwhile, mice were administered 35% (v/v) ethanol (EtOH, 10 mL per kg body weight) intragastrically once daily for six weeks, except the control group mice. The results showed that RR supplementation decreased liver injury markers (alanine and aspartate transaminases) in the serum, reduced triglyceride level in the liver and downregulated hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 mRNA expression in mice administered EtOH. In addition, EtOH-mediated oxidative stress in the liver was attenuated by RR supplementation through decreased hepatic malondialdehyde content and increased antioxidant (glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) levels and activities in mice exposed to EtOH. Moreover, RR supplementation reversed EtOH-induced alteration in the cecal microbial composition at the phylum, order, genus, and species levels and improved the intestinal barrier function associated with the inhibition of the NF-κB/MLCK pathway, which was accompanied by upregulation of tight junctions (zonula occludens 1, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-4) and E-cadherin mRNA and protein expressions. Accordingly, RR supplementation resulted in a decreased level of endotoxins in the serum and attenuation of the inflammatory response in the liver, illustrated by a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels. Overall, RR supplementation alleviated the adverse effects of chronic alcohol intake in C57BL/6J mice and could be a potential supplement for improving ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zogona
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Center for Research in Biological Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Abel Wend-Soo Zongo
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Center for Research in Biological Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdeen E Elkhedir
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mahmoud Salah
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Department of Environmental Agricultural Science, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mingfang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Crotty K, Anton P, Coleman LG, Morris NL, Lewis SA, Samuelson DR, McMahan RH, Hartmann P, Kim A, Ratna A, Mandrekar P, Wyatt TA, Choudhry MA, Kovacs EJ, McCullough R, Yeligar SM. A critical review of recent knowledge of alcohol's effects on the immunological response in different tissues. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:36-44. [PMID: 36446606 PMCID: PMC9974783 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse contributes to the dysregulation of immune responses and multiorgan dysfunction across various tissues, which are associated with higher risk of morbidity and mortality in people with alcohol use disorders. Organ-specific immune cells, including microglia in the brain, alveolar macrophages in the lungs, and Kupffer cells in the liver, play vital functions in host immune defense through tissue repair and maintenance of homeostasis. However, binge drinking and chronic alcohol misuse impair these immune cells' abilities to regulate inflammatory signaling and metabolism, thus contributing to multiorgan dysfunction. Further complicating these delicate systems, immune cell dysfunction associated with alcohol misuse is exacerbated by aging and gut barrier leakage. This critical review describes recent advances in elucidating the potential mechanisms by which alcohol misuse leads to derangements in host immunity and highlights current gaps in knowledge that may be the focus of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Crotty
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Paige Anton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Leon G Coleman
- Department of Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Niya L Morris
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Sloan A Lewis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Derrick R Samuelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rachel H McMahan
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Adam Kim
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anuradha Ratna
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rebecca McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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20
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Maccioni L, Loriot A, Dewulf J, Bommer G, Horsmans Y, Lanthier N, Leclercq I, Schnabl B, Stärkel P. Duodenal CD8+ T resident memory cell apoptosis contributes to gut barrier dysfunction and microbial translocation in early alcohol-associated liver disease in humans. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1055-1070. [PMID: 35919965 PMCID: PMC9398988 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal T cells are key in gut barrier function. Their role in early stages of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) remain unknown. AIM To explore the links between intestinal T cells, microbial translocation and ALD METHODS: Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) following a rehabilitation programme were compared to subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and healthy controls. Clinical and laboratory data (liver stiffness, controlled attenuation parameter, AST, ALT, K18-M65) served to identify AUD patients with isolated steatosis (minimal liver disease) or steatohepatitis/fibrosis (ALD). Serum microbial translocation markers were measured by ELISA, duodenal and plasma levels of sphingolipids by targeted LC-MS. T lymphocytes in duodenal biopsies were characterised by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and RNA sequencing on FACS-sorted cells. Mechanisms for T-cell alterations were assessed in vitro. RESULTS Patients with ALD, but not those with minimal liver disease, showed reduced numbers of duodenal CD8+ T resident memory (TRM) cells compared to controls or patients with NAFLD. TRM transcriptomic analysis, in vitro analyses and pharmacological inhibition of cathepsin B confirmed TRM apoptosis driven by lysosomal membrane permeabilisation and cathepsin B release into the cytosol. Altered lipid metabolism and increased duodenal and plasma sphingolipids correlated with apoptosis. Dihydroceramide dose-dependently reduced viability of TRM. Duodenal TRM phenotypic changes, apoptosis and transcriptomic alterations correlated with increased levels of microbial translocation markers. Short-term abstinence did not reverse TRM cell death in patients with ALD. CONCLUSIONS Duodenal CD8+ TRM apoptosis related to functional changes in lysosomes and lipid metabolism points to impaired gut adaptive immunity specifically in patients with AUD who developed early ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maccioni
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Loriot
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Group of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joseph Dewulf
- de Duve Institute & WELBIO, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital St. Luc, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Guido Bommer
- de Duve Institute & WELBIO, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lanthier
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Liu Y, Liu T, Zhao X, Gao Y. New insights into the bile acid-based regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives in alcohol-related liver disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:486. [PMID: 35978227 PMCID: PMC11073206 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a key causative factor in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and variable degrees of cholestasis occur in all stages of ALD. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms and biomarkers associated with cholestasis are not well characterized. Cholestatic disease is marked by the disruption of bile acids (BA) transport and homeostasis. Consequently, in both human and experimental ALD, the disease shows a direct correlation with an imbalance in BA equilibrium, which in turn may also affect the severity of the disease. Modulation of BA metabolism or signaling pathways is increasingly considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for ALD in humans. In this paper, we highlight the key advances made in the past two decades in characterizing the molecular regulatory mechanisms of BA synthesis, enterohepatic circulation, and BA homeostasis. We summarize recent insights into the nature of the linkage between BA dysregulation and ALD, including the abnormal expression of genes involved in BA metabolism, abnormal changes in receptors that regulate BA metabolism, and disturbance in the gut flora engaged in BA metabolism caused by alcohol consumption. Additionally, we provide novel perspectives on the changes in BAs in various stages of ALD. Finally, we propose potential pharmacological therapies for ALD targeting BA metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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22
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TRPV6 channel mediates alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction and systemic response. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110937. [PMID: 35705057 PMCID: PMC9250449 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial tight junction disruption is a primary contributing factor in alcohol-associated endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and multiple organ damage. Ethanol and acetaldehyde disrupt tight junctions by elevating intracellular Ca2+. Here we identify TRPV6, a Ca2+-permeable channel, as responsible for alcohol-induced elevation of intracellular Ca2+, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and systemic inflammation. Ethanol and acetaldehyde elicit TRPV6 ionic currents in Caco-2 cells. Studies in Caco-2 cell monolayers and mouse intestinal organoids show that TRPV6 deficiency or inhibition attenuates ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced Ca2+ influx, tight junction disruption, and barrier dysfunction. Moreover, Trpv6−/− mice are resistant to alcohol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. Photoaffinity labeling of 3-azibutanol identifies a histidine as a potential alcohol-binding site in TRPV6. The substitution of this histidine, and a nearby arginine, reduces ethanol-activated currents. Our findings reveal that TRPV6 is required for alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction and inflammation. Molecules that decrease TRPV6 function have the potential to attenuate alcohol-associated tissue injury. Meena et al. show that the mechanism of alcohol-induced gut permeability, endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation requires the TRPV6 channel. They show that ethanol activates TRPV6, induces calcium influx, and disrupts intestinal epithelial tight junctions. Furthermore, specific histidine and arginine residues at the N terminus fine-tune the alcohol-induced activation of TRPV6.
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23
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Amadieu C, Maccioni L, Leclercq S, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM, de Timary P, Stärkel P. Liver alterations are not improved by inulin supplementation in alcohol use disorder patients during alcohol withdrawal: A pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104033. [PMID: 35490461 PMCID: PMC9062816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence highlights that targeting the gut microbiota could be an interesting approach to improve alcohol liver disease due to its important plasticity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inulin supplementation on liver parameters in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients (whole sample) and in a subpopulation with early alcohol-associated liver disease (eALD). Methods Fifty AUD patients, hospitalized for a 3-week detoxification program, were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and assigned to prebiotic (inulin) versus placebo for 17 days. Liver damage, microbial translocation, inflammatory markers and 16S rDNA sequencing were measured at the beginning (T1) and at the end of the study (T2). Findings Compared to placebo, AST (β = 8.55, 95% CI [2.33:14.77]), ALT (β = 6.01, 95% CI [2.02:10.00]) and IL-18 (β = 113.86, 95% CI [23.02:204.71]) were statistically significantly higher in the inulin group in the whole sample at T2. In the eALD subgroup, inulin supplementation leads to specific changes in the gut microbiota, including an increase in Bifidobacterium and a decrease of Bacteroides. Despite those changes, AST (β = 14.63, 95% CI [0.91:28.35]) and ALT (β = 10.40, 95% CI [1.93:18.88]) at T2 were higher in the inulin group compared to placebo. Treatment was well tolerated without important adverse events or side effects. Interpretation This pilot study shows that 17 days of inulin supplementation versus placebo, even though it induces specific changes in the gut microbiota, did not alleviate liver damage in AUD patients. Further studies with a larger sample size and duration of supplementation with adequate monitoring of liver parameters are needed to confirm these results. Gut2Brain study: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03803709 Funding Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, FRS-FNRS, Fondation Saint-Luc.
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24
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He Q, Yang C, Kang X, Chen Y, Zhang T, Zhang H, Kwok LY. Intake of Bifidobacterium lactis Probio-M8 fermented milk protects against alcoholic liver disease. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:2908-2921. [PMID: 35086715 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a liver disease caused by long-term heavy drinking, which is characterized by increased inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver and gut dysbiosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of administering ordinary and probiotic- (containing the Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Probio-M8 strain; M8) fermented milk to rats. Several biochemical parameters and the fecal metagenomes were monitored before (d 0) and after (d 42) the intervention. Our results confirmed that alcohol could cause significant changes in the liver levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, antioxidation indicators, and liver function-related indicators; meanwhile, the gut bacterial and viral microbiota were disrupted with significant reduction in microbial diversity and richness. Feeding the rats with Probio-M8-fermented milk effectively maintained the gut microbiota stability, reduced liver inflammation and oxidative stress, and mitigated liver damages in ALD. Moreover, the Probio-M8-fermented milk reversed alcohol-induced dysbiosis by restoring the gut microbiota diversity, richness, and composition. Four predicted fecal metabolites (inositol, tryptophan, cortisol, and vitamin K2) increased after the intervention, which might help regulate liver metabolism and alleviate ALD-related symptoms. In short, our data supported that consuming Probio-M8-fermented milk effectively mitigated ALD. The protective effect against ALD could be related to changes in the gut microbiome after probiotic-fermented milk consumption. However, such observation and the causal relationship among probiotic milk consumption, changes in gut microbiome, and disease alleviation would still need to be further confirmed. Nevertheless, this study has shown in a rat model that consuming probiotic-fermented milk could protect against ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwen He
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China
| | - Chengcong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Kang
- Research and Development Center, Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co. Ltd., Hohhot 011500, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China
| | - Yongfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Yu Kwok
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, P. R. China.
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25
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Mendes BG, Duan Y, Schnabl B. Immune Response of an Oral Enterococcus faecalis Phage Cocktail in a Mouse Model of Ethanol-Induced Liver Disease. Viruses 2022; 14:490. [PMID: 35336897 PMCID: PMC8955932 DOI: 10.3390/v14030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytolysin-positive Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) cause more severe alcohol-associated hepatitis, and phages might be used to specifically target these bacteria in a clinical trial. Using a humanized mouse model of ethanol-induced liver disease, the effect of cytolytic E. faecalis phage treatment on the intestinal and liver immune response was evaluated. The observed immune response was predominantly anti-inflammatory and tissue-restoring. Besides, live phages could be readily recovered from the serum, spleen, and liver following oral gavage in ethanol-fed mice. We also isolated 20 new phages from the sewage water; six of them exhibited a relatively broad host range. Taken together, the oral administration of cytolytic E. faecalis phages leads to the translocation of phages to the systemic circulation and appears to be safe, following chronic-binge ethanol administration. A cocktail of three phages covers the majority of tested cytolysin-positive E. faecalis strains and could be tested in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Garcia Mendes
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (B.G.M.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (B.G.M.); (Y.D.)
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (B.G.M.); (Y.D.)
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego HealthCare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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26
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Abstract
At-risk alcohol use is a major contributor to the global health care burden and leads to preventable deaths and diseases including alcohol addiction, alcoholic liver disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, traumatic injuries, gastrointestinal diseases, cancers, and fetal alcohol syndrome. Excessive and frequent alcohol consumption has increasingly been linked to alcohol-associated tissue injury and pathophysiology, which have significant adverse effects on multiple organ systems. Extensive research in animal and in vitro models has elucidated the salient mechanisms involved in alcohol-induced tissue and organ injury. In some cases, these pathophysiological mechanisms are shared across organ systems. The major alcohol- and alcohol metabolite-mediated mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation and immunometabolic dysregulation, gut leak and dysbiosis, cell death, extracellular matrix remodeling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenomic modifications. These mechanisms are complex and interrelated, and determining the interplay among them will make it possible to identify how they synergistically or additively interact to cause alcohol-mediated multiorgan injury. In this article, we review the current understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in alcohol-induced tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Simon
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Flavia M Souza-Smith
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA;
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Camilleri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, & Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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28
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Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Khalil M, Angelis MD, Calabrese FM, D’Amato M, Wang DQH, Di Ciaula A. Intestinal Barrier and Permeability in Health, Obesity and NAFLD. Biomedicines 2021; 10:83. [PMID: 35052763 PMCID: PMC8773010 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest surface of the human body exposed to the external environment is the gut. At this level, the intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, the mucin layer, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, enterocytes, immune cells, gut vascular barrier, and liver barrier. A healthy intestinal barrier is characterized by the selective permeability of nutrients, metabolites, water, and bacterial products, and processes are governed by cellular, neural, immune, and hormonal factors. Disrupted gut permeability (leaky gut syndrome) can represent a predisposing or aggravating condition in obesity and the metabolically associated liver steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). In what follows, we describe the morphological-functional features of the intestinal barrier, the role of major modifiers of the intestinal barrier, and discuss the recent evidence pointing to the key role of intestinal permeability in obesity/NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, 48160 Derio, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
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29
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Selenomethionine-Dominated Selenium-Enriched Peanut Protein Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease in Mice by Suppressing Oxidative Stress. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122979. [PMID: 34945529 PMCID: PMC8700997 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural compounds are considered as potential therapeutic agents against alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). Research shows that selenium (Se) has a variety of bioactivities, including liver protecting ability. The present study based on in vitro cell culture models and in vivo mouse models was aimed at examining the contribution of selenomethionine (SeMet)-dominated Se-enriched peanut protein (SePP) to liver protection. SeMet and especially SePP reversed cell viability and cell death, inhibited ethanol induced CYP2E1 activation, decreased reactive oxygen species level, and restored GSH level. Hence, SeMet-dominated SePP alleviates alcohol-induced AML-12 cytotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress. The p38-dependent mechanism was found to be responsible for SePP-induced Nrf-2 activation. Furthermore, supplementation with SePP and SeMet regulated lipid metabolism and reduced oxidative stress, minimizing liver damage in mice. Selenomethionine-dominated SePP possesses potential therapeutic properties and can be used to treat ALD through the suppression of oxidative stress.
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30
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Maccioni L, Leclercq IA, Schnabl B, Stärkel P. Host Factors in Dysregulation of the Gut Barrier Function during Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12687. [PMID: 34884492 PMCID: PMC8657823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) represent a major public health problem worldwide. Only a minority of patients with an alcohol-use disorder (AUD) develop severe forms of liver disease (e.g., steatohepatitis and fibrosis) and finally progress to the more advanced stages of ALD, such as severe alcohol-associated hepatitis and decompensated cirrhosis. Emerging evidence suggests that gut barrier dysfunction is multifactorial, implicating microbiota changes, alterations in the intestinal epithelium, and immune dysfunction. This failing gut barrier ultimately allows microbial antigens, microbes, and metabolites to translocate to the liver and into systemic circulation. Subsequent activation of immune and inflammatory responses contributes to liver disease progression. Here we review the literature about the disturbance of the different host defense mechanisms linked to gut barrier dysfunction, increased microbial translocation, and impairment of liver and systemic inflammatory responses in the different stages of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maccioni
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Unversité Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.M.); (I.A.L.)
| | - Isabelle A. Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Unversité Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.M.); (I.A.L.)
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Unversité Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.M.); (I.A.L.)
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Pohl K, Moodley P, Dhanda AD. Alcohol's Impact on the Gut and Liver. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093170. [PMID: 34579046 PMCID: PMC8472839 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is inextricably linked with the digestive system. It is absorbed through the gut and metabolised by hepatocytes within the liver. Excessive alcohol use results in alterations to the gut microbiome and gut epithelial integrity. It contributes to important micronutrient deficiencies including short-chain fatty acids and trace elements that can influence immune function and lead to liver damage. In some people, long-term alcohol misuse results in liver disease progressing from fatty liver to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and results in over half of all deaths from chronic liver disease, over half a million globally per year. In this review, we will describe the effect of alcohol on the gut, the gut microbiome and liver function and structure, with a specific focus on micronutrients and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Pohl
- South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK; (K.P.); (P.M.)
- Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Prebashan Moodley
- South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK; (K.P.); (P.M.)
- Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Ashwin D. Dhanda
- South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK; (K.P.); (P.M.)
- Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1752-432723
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32
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Calleja-Conde J, Echeverry-Alzate V, Bühler KM, Durán-González P, Morales-García JÁ, Segovia-Rodríguez L, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Giné E, López-Moreno JA. The Immune System through the Lens of Alcohol Intake and Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147485. [PMID: 34299105 PMCID: PMC8303153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut is the largest organ with immune function in our body, responsible for regulating the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier. A diverse, complex and dynamic population of microorganisms, called microbiota, which exert a significant impact on the host during homeostasis and disease, supports this role. In fact, intestinal bacteria maintain immune and metabolic homeostasis, protecting our organism against pathogens. The development of numerous inflammatory disorders and infections has been linked to altered gut bacterial composition or dysbiosis. Multiple factors contribute to the establishment of the human gut microbiota. For instance, diet is considered as one of the many drivers in shaping the gut microbiota across the lifetime. By contrast, alcohol is one of the many factors that disrupt the proper functioning of the gut, leading to a disruption of the intestinal barrier integrity that increases the permeability of the mucosa, with the final result of a disrupted mucosal immunity. This damage to the permeability of the intestinal membrane allows bacteria and their components to enter the blood tissue, reaching other organs such as the liver or the brain. Although chronic heavy drinking has harmful effects on the immune system cells at the systemic level, this review focuses on the effect produced on gut, brain and liver, because of their significance in the link between alcohol consumption, gut microbiota and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Calleja-Conde
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (V.E.-A.); (K.-M.B.); (P.D.-G.); (L.S.-R.)
| | - Victor Echeverry-Alzate
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (V.E.-A.); (K.-M.B.); (P.D.-G.); (L.S.-R.)
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga University, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Universidad Nebrija, Campus Madrid-Princesa, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kora-Mareen Bühler
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (V.E.-A.); (K.-M.B.); (P.D.-G.); (L.S.-R.)
| | - Pedro Durán-González
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (V.E.-A.); (K.-M.B.); (P.D.-G.); (L.S.-R.)
| | - Jose Ángel Morales-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM) “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Segovia-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (V.E.-A.); (K.-M.B.); (P.D.-G.); (L.S.-R.)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Malaga University, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Elena Giné
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jose Antonio López-Moreno
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.C.-C.); (V.E.-A.); (K.-M.B.); (P.D.-G.); (L.S.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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Kurhaluk N, Tkachenko H, Lukash O, Winklewski PJ, Wszedybyl-Winklewska M. Melatonin maintains the function of the blood redox system at combined ethanol-induced toxicity and subclinical inflammation in mice. Sleep Breath 2021; 25:1045-1054. [PMID: 32968884 PMCID: PMC8195796 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to assess the effect of melatonin on blood redox systems in mice simultaneously exposed to ethanol and low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS Oxidative stress parameters were assessed in eight groups: untreated control, melatonin (10 mg kg-1, 10 days), LPS (injected once intraperitoneally at a dose of 150 μg per mouse), LPS with previous melatonin treatment, acute ethanol-induced stress (AES, 0.75 g kg-1 per day, 10 days), AES with previous melatonin treatment, LPS- and AES-induced toxicity, and melatonin treatment. RESULTS Both ethanol and LPS induced oxidative stress. The combination of these two factors was even more toxic to the organism. Melatonin stabilized erythrocyte membranes and decreased the high level of free radical oxidation at the initial and final stages. Furthermore, melatonin limited protein damage through maintenance in the functional ability of the blood redox system to counteract pathological conditions. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin limited the negative effects associated with alcohol consumption and low-intensity inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski Str., 22b, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland.
| | - Halyna Tkachenko
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski Str., 22b, 76-200, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Oleksandr Lukash
- Department of Ecology and Nature Protection, National State University of Chernihiv, Chernihiv, Ukraine
| | - Pawel J Winklewski
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
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34
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Chen T, Li R, Chen P. Gut Microbiota and Chemical-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:688780. [PMID: 34122150 PMCID: PMC8187901 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.688780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug overdose or chemical exposures are the main causes of acute liver injury (ALI). Severe liver injury can develop into liver failure that is an important cause of liver-related mortality in intensive care units in most countries. Pharmacological studies have utilized a variety of comprehensive chemical induction models that recapitulate the natural pathogenesis of acute liver injury. Their mechanism is always based on redox imbalance-induced direct hepatotoxicity and massive hepatocyte cell death, which can trigger immune cell activation and recruitment to the liver. However, the pathogenesis of these models has not been fully stated. Many studies showed that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in chemical-induced liver injury. Hepatotoxicity is likely induced by imbalanced microbiota homeostasis, gut mucosal barrier damage, systemic immune activation, microbial-associated molecular patterns, and bacterial metabolites. Meanwhile, many preclinical studies have shown that supplementation with probiotics can improve chemical-induced liver injury. In this review, we highlight the pathogenesis of gut microorganisms in chemical-induced acute liver injury animal models and explore the protective mechanism of exogenous microbial supplements on acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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35
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Peña-Rodríguez M, Vega-Magaña N, García-Benavides L, Zepeda-Nuño JS, Gutierrez-Silerio GY, González-Hernández LA, Andrade-Villanueva JF, Del Toro-Arreola S, Pereira-Suárez AL, Bueno-Topete MR. Butyrate administration strengthens the intestinal epithelium and improves intestinal dysbiosis in a cholestasis fibrosis model. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:571-583. [PMID: 33982373 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM Intestinal dysfunction in cirrhosis patients is linked to death by bacterial infections. Currently, there is no effective therapy for this complication. This study aims to evaluate butyrate, a novel postbiotic, on the intestinal inflammatory response, tight junction proteins and the microbiota in the cholestasis model. METHODS AND RESULTS Wistar rats underwent 15 days of bile duct ligation (BDL). We administered butyrate at a concentration of 1%. The BDL group did not receive treatment. The results showed that butyrate could significantly reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α) in the ileum and colon while promoting IL-10 expression in the colon. Moreover, it significantly promotes tight junction protein (cld-1, occludin and ZO-1) expression in the ileum. A similar effect was observed in the colon except for ZO-1. Additionally, butyrate limited taxa diversity loss and promoted probiotic genera expansion such as Lachnospira, Prevotella and Lactobacillus. The increase in Turicibacter and Clostridiaceae distinguished the BDL group. CONCLUSIONS Butyrate is effective in regulating the inflammatory response, tight junction proteins and limits bacterial diversity loss. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This research reveals that butyrate could represent an interesting postbiotic metabolomic intervention for intestinal epithelium dysfunction in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peña-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - N Vega-Magaña
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Leonel García-Benavides
- Laboratorio de Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - J S Zepeda-Nuño
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco, México
| | - G Y Gutierrez-Silerio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - L A González-Hernández
- Unidad de VIH, Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - J F Andrade-Villanueva
- Unidad de VIH, Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - S Del Toro-Arreola
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - A L Pereira-Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.,Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - M R Bueno-Topete
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico Degenerativas, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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36
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Wang Z, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Chen J, He Z. Dietary Polyphenols to Combat Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via the Gut-Brain-Liver Axis: A Review of Possible Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3585-3600. [PMID: 33729777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a group of micronutrients widely existing in plant foods including fruits, vegetables, and teas that can improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review, the existing knowledge of dietary polyphenols for the development of NAFLD regulated by intestinal microecology is discussed. Polyphenols can influence the vagal afferent pathway in the central and enteric nervous system to control NAFLD via gut-brain-liver cross-talk. The possible mechanisms involve in the alteration of microbial community structure, effects of gut metabolites (short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), endogenous ethanol (EnEth)), and stimulation of gut-derived hormones (ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and leptin) based on the targets excavated from the gut-brain-liver axis. Consequently, the communication among the intestine, brain, and liver paves the way for new approaches to understand the underlying roles and mechanisms of dietary polyphenols in NAFLD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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37
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Impact of drinking alcohol on gut microbiota: recent perspectives on ethanol and alcoholic beverage. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Mohammad S, Thiemermann C. Role of Metabolic Endotoxemia in Systemic Inflammation and Potential Interventions. Front Immunol 2021; 11:594150. [PMID: 33505393 PMCID: PMC7829348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced metabolic endotoxemia is an important factor in the development of many chronic diseases in animals and man. The gut epithelium is an efficient barrier that prevents the absorption of liposaccharide (LPS). Structural changes to the intestinal epithelium in response to dietary alterations allow LPS to enter the bloodstream, resulting in an increase in the plasma levels of LPS (termed metabolic endotoxemia). LPS activates Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) leading to the production of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines and, hence, low-grade systemic inflammation. Thus, metabolic endotoxemia can lead to several chronic inflammatory conditions. Obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can also cause an increase in gut permeability and potential pharmacological and dietary interventions could be used to reduce the chronic low-grade inflammation associated with endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Mohammad
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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39
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Kakanakova A, Popov S, Maes M. Immunological Disturbances and Neuroimaging Findings in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Comorbid Patients. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:759-769. [PMID: 32108009 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200228093935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders and Major Depressive Disorder, in particular, appear to be some of the most common psychiatric disorders with a high rate of comorbidity most frequently of anxiety or substance abuse disorders (alcohol use disorder). In both cases - MDD and AUD, a number of immunological disturbances are observed, such as chronic mild inflammation response, increased level of cytokines, hypercortisolaemia, which lead to specific changes in brain neurotransmitter functions. Some of the contemporary brain imaging techniques are functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic spectroscopy which are most commonly used to assess the brain metabolism and functional connectivity changes such as altered responses to emotional stimuli in MDD or overactivation of ventromedial prefrontal areas during delayed and underactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal regions during impulsive reward decisions in AUD and dysfunction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and/or glutamate neurotransmitter systems, low NAA and myo-Inositol in both MDD and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Kakanakova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University Plovdiv, Faculty of Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Popov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University Plovdiv, Faculty of Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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40
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Vetreno RP, Massey V, Crews FT. Long-lasting microbial dysbiosis and altered enteric neurotransmitters in adult rats following adolescent binge ethanol exposure. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12869. [PMID: 31880056 PMCID: PMC7319904 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human alcoholism and ethanol exposure of adult mice cause acute microbial dysbiosis. Adolescent binge drinking is common, but the effect of adolescent ethanol exposure on the adult microbiome and enteric neurotransmitters has not been studied. In the current study, male Wistar rats received adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) treatment, and fecal samples were collected on postnatal day (P)54 and P95 for bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Cecal tissue was collected on P95 for analysis of innate immune and neurotransmitter marker expression. At the genus level, AIE treatment altered the relative abundance of several microbes, including decreased relative abundance of Dehalobacterium and CF231 (a member of the Paraprevotellaceae family) that persisted into adulthood. Across aging, the relative abundance of several microbes was altered in both control- and AIE-treated rats. At P95, AIE exposure was associated with increased cecal serotonin levels and reduced choline acetyltransferase gene expression. Taxonomic shifts at P54 and at P95 suggest that AIE causes both immediate and lasting microbial dysbiosis. The lasting microbial dysbiosis was accompanied by alterations of enteric neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hi, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Veronica Massey
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fulton T. Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hi, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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41
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Raikhelson KL, Kondrashina EA, Pazenko EV. [Mixed steatohepatitis: more questions than answers (Part 1)]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:91-96. [PMID: 33720580 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.12.200470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The term steatohepatitis is used for a heterogeneous group of diseases of various etiologies, characterized by a similar morphological picture. Earlier the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease implied the exclusion of other causes of steatohepatitis, in recent years it has been suggested that a combination of various etiological variants of steatohepatitis is possible. The review considers the terminological, epidemiological and pathogenetic aspects of the most common combination: metabolic and alcoholic genesis, the issues of the mutual influence of etiopathogenetic factors and the identification of the predominant process. Issues of existing and prospective pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy are discussed in detail. Treatment of steatohepatitis is based on the elimination of known causal factors and lifestyle modification; therapy includes medications, that have been proven to be effective in certain types of steatohepatitis and symptomatic therapy as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Raikhelson
- Scientific, Clinical and Educational Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Petersburg State University
| | - E A Kondrashina
- Scientific, Clinical and Educational Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Petersburg State University
| | - E V Pazenko
- Scientific, Clinical and Educational Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Petersburg State University
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42
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Gicquelais RE, Bohnert ASB, Thomas L, Foxman B. Opioid agonist and antagonist use and the gut microbiota: associations among people in addiction treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19471. [PMID: 33173098 PMCID: PMC7655955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine models suggest that opioids alter the gut microbiota, which may impact opioid tolerance and psychopathology. We examined how gut microbiota characteristics related to use of opioid agonists and antagonists among people receiving outpatient addiction treatment. Patients (n = 46) collected stool samples and were grouped by use of opioid agonists (heroin, prescription opioids), antagonists (naltrexone), agonist-antagonist combinations (buprenorphine-naloxone), or neither agonists nor antagonists within the month before enrollment. We sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq to examine how alpha diversity, enterotypes, and relative abundance of bacterial genera varied by opioid agonist and antagonist exposures. Compared to 31 participants who used neither agonists nor antagonists, 5 participants who used opioid agonists (without antagonists) had lower microbiota diversity, Bacteroides enterotypes, and lower relative abundance of Roseburia, a butyrate producing genus, and Bilophila, a bile acid metabolizing genus. There were no differences in gut microbiota features between those using agonist + antagonists (n = 4), antagonists only (n = 6), and neither agonists nor antagonists. Similar to murine morphine exposure models, opioid agonist use was associated with lower microbiota diversity. Lower abundance of Roseburia and Bilophila may relate to the gut inflammation/permeability and dysregulated bile acid metabolism observed in opioid-exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Gicquelais
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, 701 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Amy S B Bohnert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Laura Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Betsy Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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43
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Maccioni L, Gao B, Leclercq S, Pirlot B, Horsmans Y, De Timary P, Leclercq I, Fouts D, Schnabl B, Stärkel P. Intestinal permeability, microbial translocation, changes in duodenal and fecal microbiota, and their associations with alcoholic liver disease progression in humans. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1782157. [PMID: 32588725 PMCID: PMC7524402 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1782157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal data suggest a role of the gut-liver axis in progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but human data are scarce especially for early disease stages. METHODS We included patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) who follow a rehabilitation program and matched healthy controls. We determined intestinal epithelial and vascular permeability (IP) (using urinary excretion of 51Cr-EDTA, fecal albumin content, and immunohistochemistry in distal duodenal biopsies), epithelial damage (histology, serum iFABP, and intestinal gene expression), and microbial translocation (Gram - and Gram + serum markers by ELISA). Duodenal mucosa-associated microbiota and fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16 S rRNA sequencing. ALD was staged by Fibroscan® (liver stiffness, controlled attenuation parameter) in combination with serum AST, ALT, and CK18-M65. RESULTS Only a subset of AUD patients had increased 51Cr-EDTA and fecal albumin together with disrupted tight junctions and vasculature expression of plasmalemma Vesicle-Associated Protein-1. The so-defined increased intestinal permeability was not related to changes of the duodenal microbiota or alterations of the intestinal epithelium but associated with compositional changes of the fecal microbiota. Leaky gut alone did not explain increased microbial translocation in AUD patients. By contrast, duodenal dysbiosis with a dominance shift toward specific potential pathogenic bacteria genera (Streptococcus, Shuttleworthia, Rothia), increased IP and elevated markers of microbial translocation characterized AUD patients with progressive ALD (steato-hepatitis, steato-fibrosis). CONCLUSION Progressive ALD already at early disease stages is associated with duodenal mucosa-associated dysbiosis and elevated microbial translocation. Surprisingly, such modifications were not linked with increased IP. Rather, increased IP appears related to fecal microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maccioni
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Leclercq
- Institute of Neuroscience and Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Boris Pirlot
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe De Timary
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium,CONTACT Peter Stärkel Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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44
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Sharma L, Riva A. Intestinal Barrier Function in Health and Disease-Any role of SARS-CoV-2? Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1744. [PMID: 33172188 PMCID: PMC7694956 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the structure and function of the intestinal barrier play a role in the pathogenesis of a multitude of diseases. During the recent and ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, it has become clear that the gastrointestinal system and the gut barrier may be affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, and disruption of barrier functions or intestinal microbial dysbiosis may have an impact on the progression and severity of this new disease. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of current evidence on the involvement of gut alterations in human disease including COVID-19, with a prospective outlook on supportive therapeutic strategies that may be investigated to rescue intestinal barrier functions and possibly facilitate clinical improvement in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshya Sharma
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK;
| | - Antonio Riva
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK;
- Foundation for Liver Research, Institute of Hepatology, London SE5 9NT, UK
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45
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Khoshbin K, Camilleri M. Effects of dietary components on intestinal permeability in health and disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G589-G608. [PMID: 32902315 PMCID: PMC8087346 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00245.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered intestinal permeability plays a role in many pathological conditions. Intestinal permeability is a component of the intestinal barrier. This barrier is a dynamic interface between the body and the food and pathogens that enter the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, dietary components can directly affect this interface, and many metabolites produced by the host enzymes or the gut microbiota can act as signaling molecules or exert direct effects on this barrier. Our aim was to examine the effects of diet components on the intestinal barrier in health and disease states. Herein, we conducted an in-depth PubMed search based on specific key words (diet, permeability, barrier, health, disease, and disorder), as well as cross references from those articles. The normal intestinal barrier consists of multiple components in the lumen, epithelial cell layer and the lamina propria. Diverse methods are available to measure intestinal permeability. We focus predominantly on human in vivo studies, and the literature is reviewed to identify dietary factors that decrease (e.g., emulsifiers, surfactants, and alcohol) or increase (e.g., fiber, short-chain fatty acids, glutamine, and vitamin D) barrier integrity. Effects of these dietary items in disease states, such as metabolic syndrome, liver disease, or colitis are documented as examples of barrier dysfunction in the multifactorial diseases. Effects of diet on intestinal barrier function are associated with precise mechanisms in some instances; further research of those mechanisms has potential to clarify the role of dietary interventions in treating diverse pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Khoshbin
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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46
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Skinner C, Thompson AJ, Thursz MR, Marchesi JR, Vergis N. Intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation in patients with liver disease, focusing on alcoholic aetiology: methods of assessment and therapeutic intervention. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820942616. [PMID: 33149761 PMCID: PMC7580143 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820942616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased bacterial translocation (BT) across the gut barrier due to greater intestinal permeability (IP) is seen across a range of conditions, including alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD). The phenomenon of BT may contribute to both the pathogenesis and the development of complications in ArLD. There are a number of methods available to assess IP and in this review we look at their various advantages and limitations. The knowledge around BT and IP in ArLD is also reviewed, as well as the therapeutic strategies currently in use and in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Skinner
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, St Mary’s Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alex J. Thompson
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, St. Mary’s Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark R. Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, St Mary’s Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julian R. Marchesi
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, St Mary’s Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
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47
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Shukla PK, Meena AS, Rao R. Prevention and mitigation of alcohol-induced neuroinflammation by Lactobacillus plantarum by an EGF receptor-dependent mechanism. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:871-883. [PMID: 32945721 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1819105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of alcohol use disorders. We investigated the role of Gut-Brain interactions in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation by probiotic-mediated manipulation of intestinal dysbiosis in mice. Chronic ethanol feeding induced dysbiosis, as evidenced by an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and depletion of Lactobacillus species in the colon. Ethanol increased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα in plasma and the mRNA for IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and MCP1 genes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Ethanol feeding increased inulin flux from the circulation into different brain regions, accompanied by the increase in TLR4 mRNA levels in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The immunofluorescence confocal microscopy showed that ethanol elevates the expression of microglial activation marker TMEM119 in the cerebral cortex. Feeding L. plantarum suppressed the ethanol-induced dysbiosis to some extent, as evidenced by attenuation of ethanol effects on Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and abundance of Lactobacillus spp. L. plantarum blocked ethanol-induced elevation of plasma cytokines, inulin permeability to the brain, mRNA for TLR4, IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and MCP1 in brain regions, and the expression of TMEM119 in the cerebral cortex. The L. plantarum effect was absent in mice that express a dominant-negative EGFR, suggesting that the EGFR receptor plays an essential role in the protective effect of L. plantarum against ethanol-induced neuroinflammation. L. plantarum, when administered after chronic ethanol-induced injury, rescued the ethanol-induced systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. This study demonstrates that L. plantarum in the gut prevents and mitigates ethanol-induced neuroinflammation by an EGFR-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Shukla
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Avtar S Meena
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - RadhaKrishna Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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48
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Mendes BG, Schnabl B. From intestinal dysbiosis to alcohol-associated liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2020; 26:595-605. [PMID: 32911590 PMCID: PMC7641547 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2020.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial overgrowth can lead to a dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism and lower production of indoles. Several of these indole derivatives are aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands that, in turn, are involved in antimicrobial defense via induction of interleukin-22 (IL-22). IL-22 increases the expression of intestinal regenerating islet-derived 3 (Reg3) lectins, which maintain low bacterial colonization of the inner mucus layer and reduce bacterial translocation to the liver. Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with reduced intestinal expression of Reg3β and Reg3γ, increased numbers of mucosa-associated bacteria and bacterial translocation. Translocated microbial products and viable bacteria reach the liver and activate the innate immune system. Release of inflammatory molecules promotes inflammation, contributes to hepatocyte death and results in a fibrotic response. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which chronic alcohol intake changes the gut microbiota and contributes to alcohol-associated liver disease by changing microbial-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Garcia Mendes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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49
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Gao B, Emami A, Nath S, Schnabl B. Microbial Products and Metabolites Contributing to Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e2000023. [PMID: 32583604 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As a serious public health concern, alcohol-related liver disease is associated with dysregulations in the intestinal barrier function and the gut microbiota. The liver and gut communicate via the gut-liver axis, through which microbial products and metabolites translocate to the liver. Here, the current knowledge of various microbial products and metabolites which contribute to the alcohol-related liver diseases, including bile acids, indole-3-acetic acid, butyrate, long-chain fatty acids, endotoxin, cytolysin, β-glucan, and candidalysin is reviewed. Some of these might serve as therapeutic targets for alcohol-related liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Atoosa Emami
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shilpa Nath
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
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50
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Anderson G. Glioblastoma chemoresistance: roles of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:334-355. [PMID: 35582450 PMCID: PMC8992488 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment-resistance is common in glioblastoma (GBM) and the glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) from which they arise. Current treatment options are generally regarded as very poor and this arises from a poor conceptualization of the biological underpinnings of GBM/GSC and of the plasticity that these cells are capable of utilizing in response to different treatments. A number of studies indicate melatonin to have utility in the management of GBM/GSC, both per se and when adjunctive to chemotherapy. Recent work shows melatonin to be produced in mitochondria, with the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway proposed to be a crucial factor in driving the wide array of changes in intra- and inter-cellular processes, as well as receptors that can be evident in the cells of the GBM/GSC microenvironment. Variations in the enzymatic conversion of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) to melatonin may be especially important in GSC, as NAS can activate the tyrosine receptor kinase B to increase GSC survival and proliferation. Consequently, variations in the NAS/melatonin ratio may have contrasting effects on GBM/GSC survival. It is proposed that mitochondrial communication across cell types in the tumour microenvironment is strongly driven by the need to carefully control the mitochondrial melatonergic pathways across cell types, with a number of intra- and inter-cellular processes occurring as a consequence of the need to carefully regulate the NAS/melatonin ratio. This better integrates previously disparate data on GBM/GSC as well as providing clear future research and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London SW1V 1PG, UK
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