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Chen B, Ding L, Qin Q, Lei TH, Girard O, Cao Y. Effect of caffeine ingestion on time trial performance in cyclists: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2363789. [PMID: 38836626 PMCID: PMC11155427 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2363789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine, widely recognized as an ergogenic aid, has undergone extensive research, demonstrating its effectiveness to enhance endurance performance. However, there remains a significant gap in systematically evaluating its effects on time trial (TT) performance in cyclists. PURPOSE This meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of caffeine ingestion to increase cycling TT performance in cyclists and to evaluate the optimal dosage range for maximum effect. METHODS A search of four databases was completed on 1 December 2023. The selected studies comprised crossover, placebo-controlled investigations into the effects of caffeine ingestion on cycling TT performance. Completion time (Time) and mean power output (MPO) were used as performance measures for TT. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to assess the standardized mean differences (SMD) in individual studies. RESULTS Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analyses. Subgroup analysis showed that moderate doses of caffeine intake (4-6 mg/kg) significantly improved cycling performance (SMD Time = -0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.84 ~ -0.26, p < 0.01, I2 = 35%; SMD MPO = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.09 ~ 0.79, p < 0.05, I2 = 39%), while the effects of low doses (1-3 mg/kg) of caffeine were not significant (SMD Time = -0.34, 95% CI = -0.84 ~ 0.17, p = 0.19, I2 = 0%; SMD MPO = 0.31, 95% CI = -0.02 ~ 0.65, p = 0.07, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION A moderate dosage (4-6 mg/kg) of caffeine, identified as the optimal dose range, can significantly improve the time trial performance of cyclists, while a low dose (1-3 mg/kg) does not yield improvement. In addition, the improvements in completion time and mean power output resulting from a moderate dose of caffeine are essentially the same in cycling time trails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Department of Public Physical Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Ding
- Shanghai University of Sport, School of Physical Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyang Qin
- Shanghai University of Sport, School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai, China
| | - Tze-Huan Lei
- Hubei Normal University, College of Physical Education, Huangshi, China
| | - Olivier Girard
- The University of Western Australia, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), Perth, Australia
| | - Yinhang Cao
- Shanghai University of Sport, School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai, China
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2
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Hart XM, Gründer G, Ansermot N, Conca A, Corruble E, Crettol S, Cumming P, Hefner G, Frajerman A, Howes O, Jukic MM, Kim E, Kim S, Maniscalco I, Moriguchi S, Müller DJ, Nakajima S, Osugo M, Paulzen M, Ruhe HG, Scherf-Clavel M, Schoretsanitis G, Serretti A, Spina E, Spigset O, Steimer W, Süzen SH, Uchida H, Unterecker S, Vandenberghe F, Verstuyft C, Zernig G, Hiemke C, Eap CB. Optimisation of pharmacotherapy in psychiatry through therapeutic drug monitoring, molecular brain imaging and pharmacogenetic tests: Focus on antipsychotics. World J Biol Psychiatry 2024:1-86. [PMID: 38913780 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2024.2366235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For psychotic disorders (i.e. schizophrenia), pharmacotherapy plays a key role in controlling acute and long-term symptoms. To find the optimal individual dose and dosage strategy, specialised tools are used. Three tools have been proven useful to personalise drug treatments: therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of drug levels, pharmacogenetic testing (PG), and molecular neuroimaging. METHODS In these Guidelines, we provide an in-depth review of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics for 45 antipsychotics. Over 30 international experts in psychiatry selected studies that have measured drug concentrations in the blood (TDM), gene polymorphisms of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, or receptor/transporter occupancies in the brain (positron emission tomography (PET)). RESULTS Study results strongly support the use of TDM and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) genotyping and/or phenotyping to guide drug therapies. Evidence-based target ranges are available for titrating drug doses that are often supported by PET findings. CONCLUSION All three tools discussed in these Guidelines are essential for drug treatment. TDM goes well beyond typical indications such as unclear compliance and polypharmacy. Despite its enormous potential to optimise treatment effects, minimise side effects and ultimately reduce the global burden of diseases, personalised drug treatment has not yet become the standard of care in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Marlene Hart
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gerhard Gründer
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ansermot
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Conca
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Corruble
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Equipe MOODS, Inserm U1018, CESP (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Sante des Populations), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Severine Crettol
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Psychology and Counseling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gudrun Hefner
- Forensic Psychiatry, Vitos Clinic for Forensic Psychiatry, Eltville, Germany
| | - Ariel Frajerman
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Equipe MOODS, Inserm U1018, CESP (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Sante des Populations), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Oliver Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marin M Jukic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoung Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ignazio Maniscalco
- Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Comprensorio Sanitario di Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Sho Moriguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Martin Osugo
- Department of Psychosis Studies, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Paulzen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Alexianer Center for Mental Health, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henricus Gerardus Ruhe
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Maike Scherf-Clavel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georgios Schoretsanitis
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Edoardo Spina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Olav Spigset
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Werner Steimer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sinan H Süzen
- Department of Pharmaceutic Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan Unterecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Vandenberghe
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Celine Verstuyft
- Equipe MOODS, Inserm U1018, CESP (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Sante des Populations), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Pharmacogenetics and Hormonology, Bicêtre University Hospital Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gerald Zernig
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Hall in Tirol, Austria
- Private Practice for Psychotherapy and Court-Certified Witness, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Christoph Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Chin B Eap
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Huin V, Blum D, Delforge V, Cailliau E, Djeziri S, Dujardin K, Genet A, Viard R, Attarian S, Bruneteau G, Cassereau J, Genestet S, Kaminsky AL, Soriani MH, Lefilliatre M, Couratier P, Pittion-Vouyovitch S, Esselin F, De La Cruz E, Guy N, Kolev I, Corcia P, Cintas P, Desnuelle C, Buée L, Danel-Brunaud V, Devos D, Rolland AS. Caffeine consumption outcomes on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease progression and cognition. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106603. [PMID: 39002811 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine consumption outcomes on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) including progression, survival and cognition remain poorly defined and may depend on its metabolization influenced by genetic variants. 378 ALS patients with a precise evaluation of their regular caffeine consumption were monitored as part of a prospective multicenter study. Demographic, clinical characteristics, functional disability as measured with revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), cognitive deficits measured using Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS), survival and riluzole treatment were recorded. 282 patients were genotyped for six single nucleotide polymorphisms tagging different genes involved in caffeine intake and/or metabolism: CYP1A1 (rs2472297), CYP1A2 (rs762551), AHR (rs4410790), POR (rs17685), XDH (rs206860) and ADORA2A (rs5751876) genes. Association between caffeine consumption and ALSFRS-R, ALSFRS-R rate, ECAS and survival were statistically analyzed to determine the outcome of regular caffeine consumption on ALS disease progression and cognition. No association was observed between caffeine consumption and survival (p = 0.25), functional disability (ALSFRS-R; p = 0.27) or progression of ALS (p = 0.076). However, a significant association was found with higher caffeine consumption and better cognitive performance on ECAS scores in patients carrying the C/T and T/T genotypes at rs2472297 (p-het = 0.004). Our results support the safety of regular caffeine consumption on ALS disease progression and survival and also show its beneficial impact on cognitive performance in patients carrying the minor allele T of rs2472297, considered as fast metabolizers, that would set the ground for a new pharmacogenetic therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Huin
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France; Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Department of Toxicology and Genopathies, UF Neurobiology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France.
| | - Violette Delforge
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | | | - Sofia Djeziri
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France
| | - Kathy Dujardin
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Genet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Department of Toxicology and Genopathies, UF Neurobiology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Romain Viard
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Univ Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41- UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- APHM, Timone University Hospital Referral Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS, ERN Euro-NMD Center, Marseille, France
| | - Gaelle Bruneteau
- Neurology Department, Paris ALS expert center, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Julien Cassereau
- Department of Neurology, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Center, University-Hospital of Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Steeve Genestet
- Department of Neurology, Breton Competence Center of Rare Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies With Cutaneous-Mucosal Symptoms, CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | - Anne-Laure Kaminsky
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Référent des Maladies Neuromusculaires Rares, CHU de Saint Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Florence Esselin
- Explorations Neurologiques et Centre SLA, CHU et Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Elisa De La Cruz
- Explorations Neurologiques et Centre SLA, CHU et Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Guy
- CRC SLA et maladie du neurone moteur, U1107-neurodol-UCA, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ivan Kolev
- Hospital Centre Saint Brieuc, Saint Brieuc, Bretagne, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- Service de Neurologie, CHRU Bretonneau, 2 Boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Pascal Cintas
- Service de Neurologie, CHU de Toulouse Purpan, Place du Docteur Baylac TSA 40031; Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - Véronique Danel-Brunaud
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Department of Neurology, CHU de Lille, University of Lille, ACT4-ALS-MND Network, Lille, France
| | - David Devos
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Department of Neurology, CHU de Lille, University of Lille, ACT4-ALS-MND Network, Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Rolland
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France; Department of Medical Pharmacology, CHU de Lille, Lille, France.
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Belančić A, Pavešić Radonja A, Ganoci L, Vitezić D, Božina N. Challenging pharmacotherapy management of a psychotic disorder due to a delicate pharmacogenetic profile and drug-drug interactions: a case report and literature review. Croat Med J 2024; 65:383-395. [PMID: 39219201 PMCID: PMC11399719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This report presents challenging psychopharmacotherapy management of a psychotic disorder in a patient with a delicate pharmacogenetic profile and drug-drug interactions. A 31-year old woman diagnosed with schizophrenia in 2017 was referred by her psychiatrist to a clinical pharmacologist for interpretation of a pharmacogenetic test and advice regarding optimal psychopharmacotherapy. In spite of adherence to aripiprazole, olanzapine, risperidone, and levomepromazine, and rational anxiolytic therapy, she still experienced anxiety, anhedonia, loss of appetite, sleeping problems, and auditory hallucinations with commands to harm herself. Due to a lack of alternative therapeutic steps, low aripiprazole serum concentrations, and a lack of explanation for pharmacotherapy unresponsiveness, pharmacogenetic testing was performed. The patient was defined as CYP2D6 *1/*1, CYP1A2 *1F/*1F, CYP3A4 *1/*1B, CYP3A5 *1/*3, and having increased activity of the enzymes UGT1A4 and UGT2B7, intermediate activity of ABCB1 transporter, and low activity of COMT. Carbamazepine was discontinued, aripiprazole was increased to a maximum of 30 mg/day orally with long-acting injection (400 mg monthly), and olanzapine was increased to a daily dose of 35 mg orally. These changes led to an optimal therapeutic drug concentration and improved clinical status. At the last follow-up, the patient was without severe auditory hallucinations, became more engaged in daily life, had more interaction with others, had found a job, and even had started an emotional relationship. In psychiatry, pharmacogenetic testing is an important tool for guiding pharmacological therapy, particularly in patients with an unsatisfactory clinical response and a lack of alternative therapeutic steps for pharmacotherapy unresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Belančić
- Andrej Belančić, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia,
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Prather JM, Florez CM, Vargas A, Soto B, Ross A, Harrison A, Secrest AH, Willoughby DS, Kutter S, Taylor LW. Impact of CYP1A2 Genotypes on the Ergogenic Effects and Subjective Mood States of Caffeine Ingestion in Resistance-Trained Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:2767. [PMID: 39203905 PMCID: PMC11356906 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine's metabolism is determined by CYP1A2 genotypes: AC/CC (SLOW) and AA (FAST). This trial evaluated CYP1A2 genotypes' impact on exercise and cognitive effects in 36 resistance-trained females assessed under placebo (PL) and caffeine (6 mg/kg bw anhydrous caffeine-CAF) conditions, before ingestion and throughout the session. 23andMe® (San Francisco, CA, USA) determined genotypes using saliva. Data were analyzed using two-way RMANOVA and paired-samples t-tests (p < 0.05). A significant main effect for genotype existed for leg press repetitions to failure (RTF) for CAF (p = 0.038), with the FAST group performing more repetitions than the SLOW (p = 0.027). There was a significant condition x genotype interaction for the subjective outcome index score (p = 0.045), with significant differences for time (p < 0.01) and between genotype (p < 0.001). Follow-up analysis revealed a higher total score (p = 0.028) following CAF for the FAST group and a lower total score (p < 0.01) in the SLOW group. Dizziness was reported following CAF in the SLOW group (p = 0.014; Cohen's d = 0.725). Aside from leg press RTF, subjective outcome index score, and dizziness, the genotype groups experienced similar responses to resistance exercise performance and subjective mood states following caffeine ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Prather
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, IL 60305, USA
| | - Christine M. Florez
- Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Amie Vargas
- Human Performance Lab, School of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA
| | - Bella Soto
- Human Performance Lab, School of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA
| | - Audrey Ross
- Human Performance Lab, School of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA
| | - Abby Harrison
- Human Performance Lab, School of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA
| | - Ariane H. Secrest
- Public Health Program, School of Health Professions, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA
| | - Darryn S. Willoughby
- Physician Assistant Program, School of Health Professions, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Sydney Kutter
- Physician Assistant Program, School of Health Professions, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA
| | - Lem W. Taylor
- Human Performance Lab, School of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA
- Physical Therapy Program, School of Health Professions, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX 76513, USA
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Böhm R, Bruckmueller H, Oswald S, Hübenthal M, Kaehler M, Ehmke L, Höcker J, Siegmund W, Franke A, Cascorbi I. Phenotype-Genotype Correlation Applying a Cocktail Approach and an Exome Chip Analysis Reveals Further Variants Contributing to Variation of Drug Metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 116:204-216. [PMID: 38637968 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Although great progress has been made in the fine-tuning of diplotypes, there is still a need to further improve the predictability of individual phenotypes of pharmacogenetically relevant enzymes. The aim of this study was to analyze the additional contribution of sex and variants identified by exome chip analysis to the metabolic ratio of five probe drugs. A cocktail study applying dextromethorphan, losartan, omeprazole, midazolam, and caffeine was conducted on 200 healthy volunteers. CYP2D6, 2C9, 2C19, 3A4/5, and 1A2 genotypes were analyzed and correlated with metabolic ratios. In addition, an exome chip analysis was performed. These SNPs correlating with metabolic ratios were confirmed by individual genotyping. The contribution of various factors to metabolic ratios was assessed by multiple regression analysis. Genotypically predicted phenotypes defined by CPIC discriminated very well the log metabolic ratios with the exception of caffeine. There were minor sex differences in the activity of CYP2C9, 2C19, 1A2, and CYP3A4/5. For dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), IP6K2 (rs61740999) and TCF20 (rs5758651) affected metabolic ratios, but only IP6K2 remained significant after multiple regression analysis. For losartan (CYP2C9), FBXW12 (rs17080138), ZNF703 (rs79707182), and SLC17A4 (rs11754288) together with CYP diplotypes, and sex explained 50% of interindividual variability. For omeprazole (CYP2C19), no significant influence of CYP2C:TG haplotypes was observed, but CYP2C19 rs12777823 improved the predictability. The comprehensive genetic analysis and inclusion of sex in a multiple regression model significantly improved the explanation of variability of metabolic ratios, resulting in further improvement of algorithms for the prediction of individual phenotypes of drug-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwen Böhm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Henrike Bruckmueller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stefan Oswald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Hübenthal
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Meike Kaehler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lena Ehmke
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Höcker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care and Palliative Medicine, Friedrich-Ebert-Krankenhaus, Neumünster, Germany
| | - Werner Siegmund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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7
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Pham M, Caglayan A. A Comprehensive Review of Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Metabolism as a Predictor of Treatment Response. Cureus 2024; 16:e65279. [PMID: 39184784 PMCID: PMC11343069 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Some patients with schizophrenia fail to respond to standard antipsychotics and are considered treatment-resistant. In these cases, clozapine is the only antipsychotic with proven efficacy, but its use is complicated by severe adverse effects, complex monitoring requirements, and non-response. Variation within the CYP450 enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19 has been linked to the differential metabolism of antipsychotics. Testing for CYP450 single nucleotide polymorphisms may be a useful predictor of treatment resistance and could inform pharmacogenetic recommendations to identify potential treatment non-responders. Nonetheless, it remains uncertain whether differential antipsychotic metabolism is directly related to treatment efficacy. This comprehensive narrative review endeavours to delve into the molecular and genetic basis of schizophrenia, and discuss the current treatments available. In particular, we aim to examine the aetiology of treatment resistance in schizophrenia through available literature and discuss current challenges within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Pham
- General Internal Medicine, St. George's Hospital, London, GBR
| | - Aydin Caglayan
- General Surgery, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, London, GBR
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8
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Wang J, Dewi L, Peng Y, Hou CW, Song Y, Condello G. Does ergogenic effect of caffeine supplementation depend on CYP1A2 genotypes? A systematic review with meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:499-508. [PMID: 38158179 PMCID: PMC11184386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ergogenic effects of caffeine intake on exercise performance are well-established, even if differences exist among individuals in response to caffeine intake. The genetic variation of a specific gene, human cytochrome P450 enzyme 1A2 (CYP1A2) (rs762551), may be one reason for this difference. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the influence of CYP1A2 gene types on athletes' exercise performance after caffeine intake. METHODS A literature search through 4 databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) was conducted until March 2023. The effect size was expressed as the weighted mean difference (WMD) by calculating fixed effects meta-analysis if heterogeneity was not significant (I2 ≤ 50% and p ≥ 0.1). Subgroup analyses were performed based on AA and AC/CC genotype of CYP1A2. RESULTS The final number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria was 12 (n = 666 participants). The overall analysis showed that the cycling time trial significantly improved after caffeine intake (WMD = -0.48, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -0.83 to -0.13, p = 0.007). In subgroup analyses, acute caffeine intake improved cycling time trial only in individuals with the A allele (WMD = -0.90, 95%CI: -1.48 to -0.33, p = 0.002), but not the C allele (WMD = -0.08, 95%CI: -0.32 to 0.17, p = 0.53). Caffeine supplementation did not influence the Wingate (WMD = 8.07, 95%CI: -22.04 to 38.18, p = 0.60) or countermovement jump test (CMJ) performance (WMD = 1.17, 95%CI: -0.02 to 2.36, p = 0.05), and these outcomes were not influenced by CYP1A2 genotype. CONCLUSION Participants with the CYP1A2 genotype with A allele improved their cycling time trials after caffeine supplementation. However, compared to placebo, acute caffeine supplementation failed to increase the Wingate or CMJ performance, regardless of CYP1A2 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Wang
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei 11153, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Luthfia Dewi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei 11153, China; Department of Nutrition, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang 50273, Indonesia
| | - Yundong Peng
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Chien-Wen Hou
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Tianmu Campus, Taipei 11153, China
| | - Yanmin Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Giancarlo Condello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
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Plakogiannis FA, Weidmann J, Fraser B, Kwong J, Asi D, Kumar P, Baldock M, Naamo J, Baluja R, Catanzariti R, Yeung S, Pont L, Williams K, De Rubis G, Dua K, Bukhari NI. Investigation of smoking on the antiplatelet response to clopidogrel: Unravelling the smoker's paradox. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155290. [PMID: 38640781 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The intricate relationship between smoking and the effects of the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel has been termed the "smoker's paradox". This paradox details the enhanced efficacy of clopidogrel in smokers compared to non-smokers. This review begins with an exploration of the proposed mechanisms of the smoker's paradox, particularly drawing attention to the induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes via tobacco smoke, specifically the enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP2C19. Moreover, an investigation of the effects of genetic variability on the smoker's paradox was undertaken from both clinical and molecular perspectives, delving into the effects of ethnicity and genetic polymorphisms. The intriguing role of CYP1A2 genotypes and the response to clopidogrel in smoking and non-smoking populations was examined conferring insight into the individuality rather than universality of the smoker's paradox. CYP1A2 induction is hypothesised to elucidate the potency of smoking in exerting a counteracting effect in those taking clopidogrel who possess CYP2C19 loss of function polymorphisms. Furthermore, we assess the comparative efficacies of clopidogrel and other antiplatelet agents, namely prasugrel and ticagrelor. Studies indicated that prasugrel and ticagrelor provided a more consistent effect and further reduced platelet reactivity compared to clopidogrel within both smoking and non-smoking populations. Personalised dosing was another focus of the review considering patient comorbidities, genetic makeup, and smoking status with the objective of improving the antiplatelet response of those taking clopidogrel. In summation, this review provides insight into multiple areas of research concerning clopidogrel and the smoker's paradox taking into account proposed mechanisms, genetics, other antiplatelet agents, and personalised dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Plakogiannis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jakob Weidmann
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Blake Fraser
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Justin Kwong
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Diana Asi
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Pratham Kumar
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Madeleine Baldock
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jasmine Naamo
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ruhani Baluja
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rachelle Catanzariti
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Stewart Yeung
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Lisa Pont
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kylie Williams
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
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10
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Reich N, Mannino M, Kotler S. Using caffeine as a chemical means to induce flow states. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105577. [PMID: 38331128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Flow is an intrinsically rewarding state characterised by positive affect and total task absorption. Because cognitive and physical performance are optimal in flow, chemical means to facilitate this state are appealing. Caffeine, a non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist, has been emphasized as a potential flow-inducer. Thus, we review the psychological and biological effects of caffeine that, conceptually, enhance flow. Caffeine may facilitate flow through various effects, including: i) upregulation of dopamine D1/D2 receptor affinity in reward-associated brain areas, leading to greater energetic arousal and 'wanting'; ii) protection of dopaminergic neurons; iii) increases in norepinephrine release and alertness, which offset sleep-deprivation and hypoarousal; iv) heightening of parasympathetic high frequency heart rate variability, resulting in improved cortical stress appraisal, v) modification of striatal endocannabinoid-CB1 receptor-signalling, leading to enhanced stress tolerance; and vi) changes in brain network activity in favour of executive function and flow. We also discuss the application of caffeine to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and caveats. We hope to inspire studies assessing the use of caffeine to induce flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reich
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; The ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Island Research Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK.
| | - Michael Mannino
- Flow Research Collective, USA; Miami Dade College, Miami, FL, USA
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11
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Mansour S, Alkhaaldi SMI, Sammanasunathan AF, Ibrahim S, Farhat J, Al-Omari B. Precision Nutrition Unveiled: Gene-Nutrient Interactions, Microbiota Dynamics, and Lifestyle Factors in Obesity Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:581. [PMID: 38474710 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that is associated with several diseases. Recently, precision nutrition (PN) has emerged as a tailored approach to provide individualised dietary recommendations. AIM This review discusses the major intrinsic and extrinsic components considered when applying PN during the management of obesity and common associated chronic conditions. RESULTS The review identified three main PN components: gene-nutrient interactions, intestinal microbiota, and lifestyle factors. Genetic makeup significantly contributes to inter-individual variations in dietary behaviours, with advanced genome sequencing and population genetics aiding in detecting gene variants associated with obesity. Additionally, PN-based host-microbiota evaluation emerges as an advanced therapeutic tool, impacting disease control and prevention. The gut microbiome's composition regulates diverse responses to nutritional recommendations. Several studies highlight PN's effectiveness in improving diet quality and enhancing adherence to physical activity among obese patients. PN is a key strategy for addressing obesity-related risk factors, encompassing dietary patterns, body weight, fat, blood lipids, glucose levels, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION PN stands out as a feasible tool for effectively managing obesity, considering its ability to integrate genetic and lifestyle factors. The application of PN-based approaches not only improves current obesity conditions but also holds promise for preventing obesity and its associated complications in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Mansour
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif M I Alkhaaldi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashwin F Sammanasunathan
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joviana Farhat
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basem Al-Omari
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Sobsey CA, Mady N, Richard VR, LeBlanc A, Zakharov T, Borchers CH, Jagoe RT. Measurement of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity by a simplified Geneva cocktail approach in a cohort of free-living individuals: a pilot study. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1232595. [PMID: 38370474 PMCID: PMC10869543 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1232595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The cytochrome P450 enzyme subfamilies, including CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, have a major role in metabolism of a range of drugs including several anti-cancer treatments. Many factors including environmental exposures, diet, diseaserelated systemic inflammation and certain genetic polymorphisms can impact the activity level of these enzymes. As a result, the net activity of each enzyme subfamily can vary widely between individuals and in the same individual over time. This variability has potential major implications for treatment efficacy and risk of drug toxicity, but currently no assays are available for routine use to guide clinical decision-making. Methods: To address this, a mass spectrometry-based method to measure activities of CYP3A4, CYP1A2 was adapted and tested in free-living participants. The assay results were compared with the predicted activity of each enzyme, based on a self-report tool capturing diet, medication, chronic disease state, and tobacco usage. In addition, a feasibility test was performed using a low-volume dried blood spots (DBS) on two different filter-paper supports, to determine if the same assay could be deployed without the need for repeated standard blood tests. Results: The results confirmed the methodology is safe and feasible to perform in free-living participants using midazolam and caffeine as test substrates for CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 respectively. Furthermore, though similar methods were previously shown to be compatible with the DBS format, the assay can also be performed successfully while incorporating glucuronidase treatment into the DBS approach. The measured CYP3A4 activity score varied 2.6-fold across participants and correlated with predicted activity score obtained with the self-report tool. The measured CYP1A2 activity varied 3.5-fold between participants but no correlation with predicted activity from the self-report tool was found. Discussion: The results confirm the wide variation in CYP activity between individuals and the important role of diet and other exposures in determining CYP3A4 activity. This methodology shows great potential and future cross-sectional and longitudinal studies using DBS are warranted to determine how best to use the assay results to guide drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance A. Sobsey
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Noor Mady
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Peter Brojde Lung Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent R. Richard
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andre LeBlanc
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Zakharov
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Peter Brojde Lung Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christoph H. Borchers
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R. Thomas Jagoe
- Peter Brojde Lung Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Florez CM, Prather J, Miller D, Vargas A, Soto B, Harrison A, Tinsley G, Taylor L. The Effects of Two Servings of a Thermogenic Supplement on Metabolism, Hemodynamic Variables, and Mood State Outcomes in Young Overweight Adults. Cureus 2024; 16:e54484. [PMID: 38516475 PMCID: PMC10954375 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We examined if acute ingestion of a novel thermogenic supplement influences resting energy expenditure (REE), mood, and hemodynamic function. Methods Forty-six adults completed this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Participants underwent two conditions: placebo (PL) and treatment (TX) containing 300 mg of caffeine and 3 g of acetyl-L-carnitine. REE, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and mood states were assessed at baseline and 30, 60, and 120 minutes post-ingestion. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results A significant condition-by-time interaction was observed for REE. At the 30-, 60-, and 120-minute post-ingestion timepoints, REE was 202 ± 26, 238 ± 40, and 209 ± 29 kcal/d greater in the TX condition compared to PL. No significant differences were observed for SBP and HR but a significant interaction indicated that DBP was elevated at 30 minutes in the TX vs. PL, though values remained within normal ranges. Significant interactions were observed for perceived alertness, concentration, energy, and focus, with increases in TX. Conclusion These data provide evidence that acute consumption of the thermogenic dietary supplement OxyShred (EHPlabs, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) stimulates increases in REE that are sustained for ≥ two hours, along with increasing perceived alertness, concentration, energy, and focus. Changes in hemodynamic function are minimal and within normal ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Prather
- Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, USA
| | - Dylon Miller
- Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, USA
| | - Amie Vargas
- Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, USA
| | - Bella Soto
- Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, USA
| | - Abby Harrison
- Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, USA
| | - Grant Tinsley
- Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA
| | - Lem Taylor
- Physiology and Nutrition, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, USA
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14
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Starling-Soares B, Pereira M, Renke G. Extrapolating the Coffee and Caffeine (1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine) Effects on Exercise and Metabolism-A Concise Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5031. [PMID: 38140290 PMCID: PMC10745355 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of coffee and caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is part of many cultures worldwide. Their properties include serving as a neurostimulant aid, enhancing energy substrate levels, and improving general exercise performance. Both present therapeutic effects that can also be used to control chronic and metabolic diseases due to four mechanisms: adenosine receptor antagonism, increased catecholamine concentrations, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and a stimulator of calcium-release channels. Despite the individual genetic variabilities, distinct mechanisms have been demonstrated to improve physical performance, thermogenesis, lipolysis, insulin sensitivity, and hormonal modulation. Thus, coffee consumption and caffeine supplementation may enhance physical and mental performance and may improve metabolic variables, reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Current data reveal vital aspects of coffee and caffeine consumption in specific populations, although further studies are needed to define clinical interventions with caffeine in obesity and chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Starling-Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31310-250, MG, Brazil
- Extreme Sports Nutrition Institute—INEE, Belo Horizonte 31310-370, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcela Pereira
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22411-040, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Renke
- Nutrindo Ideais Performance and Nutrition Research Center, Rio de Janeiro 22411-040, RJ, Brazil
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil
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15
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Scott EN, Joseph AA, Dhanda A, Tanoshima R, Brooks B, Rassekh SR, Ross CJD, Carleton BC, Loucks CM. Systematic Critical Review of Genetic Factors Associated with Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity: Canadian Pharmacogenomics Network for Drug Safety 2022 Update. Ther Drug Monit 2023; 45:714-730. [PMID: 37726872 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is commonly used to treat solid tumors; however, its use can be complicated by drug-induced hearing loss (ie, ototoxicity). The presence of certain genetic variants has been associated with the development/occurrence of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, suggesting that genetic factors may be able to predict patients who are more likely to develop ototoxicity. The authors aimed to review genetic associations with cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and discuss their clinical relevance. METHODS An updated systematic review was conducted on behalf of the Canadian Pharmacogenomics Network for Drug Safety, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. Pharmacogenomic studies that reported associations between genetic variation and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity were included. The evidence on genetic associations was summarized and evaluated, and knowledge gaps that can be used to inform future pharmacogenomic studies identified. RESULTS Overall, 40 evaluated reports, considering 47 independent patient populations, captured associations involving 24 genes. Considering GRADE criteria, genetic variants in 2 genes were strongly (ie, odds ratios ≥3) and consistently (ie, replication in ≥3 independent populations) predictive of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Specifically, an ACYP2 variant has been associated with ototoxicity in both children and adults, whereas TPMT variants are relevant in children. Encouraging evidence for associations involving several other genes also exists; however, further research is necessary to determine potential clinical relevance. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variation in ACYP2 and TPMT may be helpful in predicting patients at the highest risk of developing cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Further research (including replication studies considering diverse pediatric and adult patient populations) is required to determine whether genetic variation in additional genes may help further identify patients most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika N Scott
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Akshaya A Joseph
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angie Dhanda
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Reo Tanoshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
- YCU Center for Novel and Exploratory Clinical Trials, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Beth Brooks
- Audiology and Speech Pathology Department, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Audiology and Speech Science, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Rod Rassekh
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, British Columbia Children's Hospital and UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colin J D Ross
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce C Carleton
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Programme, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Catrina M Loucks
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Translational Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Song X, Kirtipal N, Lee S, Malý P, Bharadwaj S. Current therapeutic targets and multifaceted physiological impacts of caffeine. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5558-5598. [PMID: 37679309 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine, which shares consubstantial structural similarity with purine adenosine, has been demonstrated as a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist for eliciting most of the biological functions at physiologically relevant dosages. Accumulating evidence supports caffeine's beneficial effects against different disorders, such as total cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, paradoxical effects are also linked to caffeine ingestion in humans including hypertension-hypotension and tachycardia-bradycardia. These observations suggest the association of caffeine action with its ingested concentration and/or concurrent interaction with preferential molecular targets to direct explicit events in the human body. Thus, a coherent analysis of the functional targets of caffeine, relevant to normal physiology, and disease pathophysiology, is required to understand the pharmacology of caffeine. This review provides a broad overview of the experimentally validated targets of caffeine, particularly those of therapeutic interest, and the impacts of caffeine on organ-specific physiology and pathophysiology. Overall, the available empirical and epidemiological evidence supports the dose-dependent functional activities of caffeine and advocates for further studies to get insights into the caffeine-induced changes under specific conditions, such as asthma, DNA repair, and cancer, in view of its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nikhil Kirtipal
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjae Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Shiv Bharadwaj
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
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17
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Kapellou A, King A, Graham CAM, Pilic L, Mavrommatis Y. Genetics of caffeine and brain-related outcomes - a systematic review of observational studies and randomized trials. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1571-1598. [PMID: 37029915 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Although the stimulant and anxiogenic properties of caffeine are widely accepted, research on its specific effects on the brain remains controversial. Growing evidence shows that interindividual differences in caffeine response may be partly due to variations in genes such as CYP1A2 and ADORA2A, which have been used to identify individuals as "fast" or "slow" caffeine metabolizers and as having a "high" or "low" caffeine sensitivity, respectively. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to identify, evaluate, and discuss current evidence on the associations between common genetic variants, caffeine consumption, and brain-related outcomes in humans. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant reports based on a predetermined search strategy. DATA EXTRACTION Reports of observational and experimental studies on healthy adults who underwent (a) genetic analysis for polymorphisms in genes associated with caffeine metabolism and effects and (b) measurements of brain-related effects such as anxiety, insomnia, and cognitive performance associated with the consumption of caffeine (habitual intake or supplementation) were included. DATA ANALYSIS Of the 22 records included, 15 were randomized controlled trials, 6 were cross-sectional studies, and 1 was a genome-wide association study. The main outcomes identified were cognitive performance (n = 9), anxiety (n = 7), and sleep disturbance/insomnia (n = 6). Polymorphisms in the CYP1A2 gene were associated with cognitive function, while variations in the ADORA2A gene were associated with anxiety and sleep disturbance. CONCLUSION The present review has provided evidence that variability in the CYP1A2 and the ADORA2A genes may modulate the association between caffeine and brain-related outcomes. Future studies are warranted to investigate the specific polymorphisms implicated in each brain outcome, which cognitive functions are particularly related to caffeine (simple vs complex), whether there are gender differences in anxiety effects, and how habitual caffeine intake may influence the acute effects of caffeine. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021257556.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Kapellou
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science (SAHPS), St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra King
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science (SAHPS), St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A M Graham
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CEFIR), Cereneo Foundation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Leta Pilic
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science (SAHPS), St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Yiannis Mavrommatis
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science (SAHPS), St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
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Tikhonoff V, Casiglia E. Prognostic cardiovascular cut-off values of dietary caffeine in a cohort of unselected men and women from general population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2160-2168. [PMID: 37567788 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Among an unselected cohort of men and women from general population (n = 1.668), the prognostic effects of being over the cut-off of all-source dietary caffeine intake were studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Prognostic cut-off values for coronary events, incident heart failure (HF), cerebrovascular events (CBV) and arrhythmic events (ARR) were found by means of the receiver-operating-characteristic curves method. Those for HF (>230 mg/day), for CBV (>280 mg/day) and for ARR (>280 mg/day) were confirmed in multivariate Cox analysis adjusted for age, body mass index, circulating thyroid hormone, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, smoking, dietary intake of ethanol, basal heart rate, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and β-blocking therapy. Being over these cut-off values was associated to a reduced hazard ratio during the follow-up in the whole cohort (HR 0.678, 95%CI 0.567-0.908, p = 0.009 for HF; 0.651, 95%CI 0.428-0.994, p = 0.018 for CBV; 0.395, 95%CI 0.395-0.933, p = 0.022 for ARR) and in men (0.652, 0.442-0.961, p = 0.029; 0.432, 0.201-0.927, p = 0.03; 0.553, 0.302-1.000, p = 0.05, respectively) but not in women. The caffeine-induced risk decrease observed in the whole cohort is therefore entirely attributable to men. In the case of HF, heart rate entered the risk equation in a positive manner without rejecting caffeine. The -163C>A polymorphism of the CYP1A2 gene, codifying for ability to metabolize caffeine, introduced in sensitivity analysis, did not alter the prognostic models. CONCLUSION Men introducing >230 mg/day caffeine show a reduced risk of HF, and those introducing >280 mg/day a reduced risk of CBV and ARR independent of genetic pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Tikhonoff
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Clinical Nutrition, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Casiglia
- Department of Medicine, Studium Patavinum, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Martins Teixeira C, Bressan J, Carla Gualandi Leal A, Ribeiro SAV, Lopes Juvanhol L, Marçal Pimenta A, Hermsdorff HHM. Higher caffeine consumption is associated with insufficient sleep time in Brazilian adults (CUME study). Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37905496 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2267793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the association between caffeine intake and sleep time in Brazilian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 6,356 participants from the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME Study). Data was collected through an online self-report questionnaire. Of the total, 31.9% of the participants had insufficient sleep. Women were found to sleep less than men (64.1 vs. 35.9%; p < 0.001), as well as being more likely to consume higher doses of caffeine (55.2%, p < 0.001). Coffee (35.7%), dark chocolate (25.2%), milk chocolate (15.2%), and diet soda (11.0%) were the foods that more contributed to caffeine intake. Individuals in the highest quartile of caffeine intake (87.0 - 572.0 mg/day) had a 19% higher prevalence of insufficient sleep compared with the lowest quartile (PR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.08 - 1.31). Future studies are needed to investigate the genetic and hormonal factors involved in the interindividual response in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolynne Martins Teixeira
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Arieta Carla Gualandi Leal
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Nutritional Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Nutritional Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Institute of Public Policies and Sustainable Development, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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20
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Fekete F, Menus Á, Tóth K, Kiss ÁF, Minus A, Sirok D, Belič A, Póti Á, Csukly G, Monostory K. CYP1A2 expression rather than genotype is associated with olanzapine concentration in psychiatric patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18507. [PMID: 37898643 PMCID: PMC10613299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine is a commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotic agent for treatment of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Previous in vitro studies using human liver microsomes identified CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 enzymes being responsible for CYP-mediated metabolism of olanzapine. The present work focused on the impact of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms as well as of CYP1A2 metabolizing capacity influenced by non-genetic factors (sex, age, smoking) on olanzapine blood concentration in patients with psychiatric disorders (N = 139). CYP2D6 genotype-based phenotype appeared to have negligible contribution to olanzapine metabolism, whereas a dominant role of CYP1A2 in olanzapine exposure was confirmed. However, CYP1A2 expression rather than CYP1A2 genetic variability was demonstrated to be associated with olanzapine concentration in patients. Significant contribution of - 163C > A (rs762551), the most common SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) in CYP1A2 gene, to enhanced inducibility was confirmed by an increase in CYP1A2 mRNA expression in smokers carrying - 163A, and smoking was found to have appreciable impact on olanzapine concentration normalized by the dose/bodyweight. Furthermore, patients' olanzapine exposure was in strong association with CYP1A2 expression; therefore, assaying CYP1A2 mRNA level in leukocytes can be an appropriate tool for the estimation of patients' olanzapine metabolizing capacity and may be relevant in optimizing olanzapine dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Fekete
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology and Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Ádám Menus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1082, Hungary
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Ádám Ferenc Kiss
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Annamária Minus
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Dávid Sirok
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Toxi-Coop Toxicological Research Center, Magyar jakobinusok 4/B, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | - Aleš Belič
- Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, 1234, Menges, Slovenia
| | - Ádám Póti
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Gábor Csukly
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa 6, Budapest, 1082, Hungary
| | - Katalin Monostory
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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Riva A, Roberti R, D'Onofrio G, Vari MS, Amadori E, De Giorgis V, Cerminara C, Specchio N, Pietrafusa N, Tombini M, Assenza G, Cappanera S, Marini C, Rasmini P, Veggiotti P, Zara F, Russo E, Striano P. A real-life pilot study of the clinical application of pharmacogenomics testing on saliva in epilepsy. Epilepsia Open 2023; 8:1142-1150. [PMID: 36840436 PMCID: PMC10472391 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Response to antiseizure medications (ASMs) can be influenced by several gene polymorphisms, causing either lower efficacy or higher occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We investigated the clinical utility of salivary pharmacogenomic testing on epilepsy patients. A commercialized pharmacogenomic salivary test was performed in a cohort of epileptic patients. Genetic variants on five genes (i.e., CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, EPHX1, and ABCB1) involved in common ASMs metabolism were selected. Twenty-one individuals (median age [Q1 -Q3 ]: 15 [6.5-28] years) were enrolled. Six patients harboring the homozygous *1F allele in CYP1A2 could have reduced chance of response to stiripentol due to fast metabolism. CYP2C9 had reduced activity in 10 patients (alleles *2 and *3), potentially affecting phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), primidone, lacosamide (LCM), and valproic acid metabolism. Seven patients, carrying the *2 allele of CYP2C19, had an increased risk of ADRs with clobazam (CLB), PB, PHT, LCM, brivaracetam; while one individual with the *17 allele in heterozygosity reported a CLB fast metabolism. Six patients showed a CC polymorphism of EPHX1 associated with the impaired efficacy of carbamazepine. ABCB1 polymorphisms related to drug-resistance (3435 CC) or drug-sensitive phenotype (CT or TT) were found in 6 out of 7 patients. Pharmacogenomic testing on saliva proved easy and safe in clinical practice to convey information for the management of epileptic patients, especially those resistant to treatment or sensitive to severe ADRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Riva
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI)University of GenoaGenoaItaly
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases UnitIRCCS Istituto “Giannina Gaslini”GenoaItaly
| | - Roberta Roberti
- Science of Health DepartmentUniversity Magna Grecia of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
| | - Gianluca D'Onofrio
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI)University of GenoaGenoaItaly
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases UnitIRCCS Istituto “Giannina Gaslini”GenoaItaly
| | - Maria Stella Vari
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases UnitIRCCS Istituto “Giannina Gaslini”GenoaItaly
| | - Elisabetta Amadori
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI)University of GenoaGenoaItaly
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases UnitIRCCS Istituto “Giannina Gaslini”GenoaItaly
| | | | - Caterina Cerminara
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of NeurosciencesTor Vergata University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Rare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of NeuroscienceBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Nicola Pietrafusa
- Rare and Complex Epilepsy Unit, Department of NeuroscienceBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Mario Tombini
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of MedicineUniversity Campus Bio‐MedicoRomeItaly
| | - Giovanni Assenza
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of MedicineUniversity Campus Bio‐MedicoRomeItaly
| | - Silvia Cappanera
- Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit, Pediatric Hospital G. SalesiUnited Hospitals of AnconaAnconaItaly
| | - Carla Marini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit, Pediatric Hospital G. SalesiUnited Hospitals of AnconaAnconaItaly
| | | | | | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI)University of GenoaGenoaItaly
- Unit of Medical GeneticsIRCCS Istituto “Giannina Gaslini”GenoaItaly
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health DepartmentUniversity Magna Grecia of CatanzaroCatanzaroItaly
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI)University of GenoaGenoaItaly
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases UnitIRCCS Istituto “Giannina Gaslini”GenoaItaly
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22
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Matsumura N, Aoyama K. Glutathione-Mediated Neuroprotective Effect of Purine Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13067. [PMID: 37685879 PMCID: PMC10487553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous basic studies have reported on the neuroprotective properties of several purine derivatives such as caffeine and uric acid (UA). Epidemiological studies have also shown the inverse association of appropriate caffeine intake or serum urate levels with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The well-established neuroprotective mechanisms of caffeine and UA involve adenosine A2A receptor antagonism and antioxidant activity, respectively. Our recent study found that another purine derivative, paraxanthine, has neuroprotective effects similar to those of caffeine and UA. These purine derivatives can promote neuronal cysteine uptake through excitatory amino acid carrier protein 1 (EAAC1) to increase neuronal glutathione (GSH) levels in the brain. This review summarizes the GSH-mediated neuroprotective effects of purine derivatives. Considering the fact that GSH depletion is a manifestation in the brains of AD and PD patients, administration of purine derivatives may be a new therapeutic approach to prevent or delay the onset of these neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Matsumura
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Koji Aoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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23
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Coppi F, Bucciarelli V, Sinigaglia G, Zanini G, Selleri V, Nasi M, Pinti M, Gallina S, Mattioli AV. Sex Related Differences in the Complex Relationship between Coffee, Caffeine and Atrial Fibrillation. Nutrients 2023; 15:3299. [PMID: 37571236 PMCID: PMC10420923 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This literature review aims to explore the data of articles published on the association between coffee, caffeine and atrial fibrillation and to analyze any differences between the two sexes. Several factors influence this complex relationship; genetic, environmental and psychosocial factors come into play in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. These factors are expressed differently in women and men. However, the analysis of the literature has shown that comparison works between the two sexes are extremely rare. Most population-based and prospective studies either analyze aggregated data or focus on exclusively male or female populations. This results in a lack of information that could be useful in the prevention of and treatment approach to atrial fibrillation. It is necessary to deepen this issue with dedicated studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Valentina Bucciarelli
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sinigaglia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy (G.Z.); (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Giada Zanini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy (G.Z.); (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Valentina Selleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy (G.Z.); (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Milena Nasi
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy (G.Z.); (V.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Sabina Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
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24
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Fan J, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Li W, Ma W, Wang W, Gu J, Zhou B. Association between urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites and stroke in American adults: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES, 2009-2014. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11855. [PMID: 37481659 PMCID: PMC10363104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential correlation between urinary caffeine levels and the occurrence of stroke, a serious cerebrovascular disease that can lead to disability or death. The data used in this study was obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2009 and 2014. The study analyzed a total of 5,339 individuals, divided into a control group (n = 5,135) and a stroke group (n = 162). The researchers utilized multiple logistic regression and smoothed curve fitting to examine the relationship between urinary caffeine and caffeine metabolites and the incidence of stroke. The study found that higher urinary caffeine levels were associated with a lower risk of stroke in Mexican American participants (odds ratio [OR] = 0.886, 95% confidence interval [CI]: (0.791, 0.993), P = 0.037). After adjusting for certain participant characteristics, it was also found that higher urinary paraxanthine levels were associated with a lower risk of stroke incidence (OR = 0.991, 95% CI (0.984, 0.999), P = 0.027). Meanwhile, the highest urinary paraxanthine levels group had 43.7% fewer strokes than the lowest level group (OR = 0.563, 95% CI (0.341, 0.929), P = 0.025). In this study, we showed a negative link between urine paraxanthine levels and the risk of stroke. Meanwhile, urinary caffeine levels were negatively associated with the incidence of stroke in Mexican Americans, but no correlation in other populations. Our findings may have predictive and diagnostic implications in clinical practice. Further extensive prospective investigations are still needed to validate our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Fan
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yajun Yuan
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhan Li
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wuqin Ma
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinyan Gu
- Department of Scientific Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Bin Zhou
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China.
- Center of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong Province, China.
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Fang J, Song K, Zhang D, Liang Y, Zhao H, Jin J, He Q. Coffee intake and risk of diabetic nephropathy: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1169933. [PMID: 37469984 PMCID: PMC10352828 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1169933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objective A causal relationship concerning coffee intake and diabetic nephropathy (DN) is controversial. We conducted a Mendelian randomization study to assess the causal nature of these associations. Methods 40 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with coffee intake were selected from the UK Biobank study. Summary-level data for diabetic nephropathy were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the FinnGen consortium. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median (WM) methods were used to examine a causal association. Sensitivity analyses included Cochran's Q test, the intercept of MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, and the Outlier method. Leave-One-Out sensitivity analyses were also conducted to reduce the heterogeneity. Results Our current study demonstrated positive associations of genetically predicted coffee intake with diabetic nephropathy (OR=1.939; P = 0.045 and type 2 diabetes with renal complications (OR = 2.787, P= 0.047). These findings were robust across several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions This study found a positive correlation between coffee consumption and the risk of diabetic nephropathy using genetic data. For a more accurate and trustworthy conclusion, subgroup analysis on coffee intake, including preparing method, variety of coffee, and quantity, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Song
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Nephrology Center, Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gregg JR, Kim J, Logothetis C, Hanash S, Zhang X, Manyam G, Muir K, Giles GG, Stanford JL, Berndt SI, Kogevinas M, Brenner H, Eeles RA, Wei P, Daniel CR. Coffee Intake, Caffeine Metabolism Genotype, and Survival Among Men with Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Oncol 2023; 6:282-288. [PMID: 35995710 PMCID: PMC9939555 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee intake may lower prostate cancer risk and progression, but postdiagnosis outcomes by caffeine metabolism genotype are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between coffee intake, caffeine metabolism genotype, and survival in a large, multicenter study of men with prostate cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data from The PRACTICAL Consortium database for 5727 men with prostate cancer from seven US, Australian, and European studies were included. The cases included had data available for the CYP1A2 -163C>A rs762551 single-nucleotide variant associated with caffeine metabolism, coffee intake, and >6 mo of follow-up. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models across pooled patient-level data were used to compare the effect of coffee intake (categorized as low [reference], high, or none/very low) in relation to overall survival (OS) and prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS), with stratified analyses conducted by clinical disease risk and genotype. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS High coffee intake appeared to be associated with longer PCSS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68-1.08; p = 0.18) and OS (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.77-1.07; p = 0.24), although results were not statistically significant. In the group with clinically localized disease, high coffee intake was associated with longer PCSS (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44-0.98; p = 0.040), with comparable results for the group with advanced disease (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.69-1.23; p = 0.6). High coffee intake was associated with longer PCSS among men with the CYP1A2 AA (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.93; p = 0.017) but not the AC/CC genotype (p = 0.8); an interaction was detected (p = 0.042). No associations with OS were observed in subgroup analyses (p > 0.05). Limitations include the nominal statistical significance and residual confounding. CONCLUSIONS Coffee intake was associated with longer PCSS among men with a CYP1A2 -163AA (*1F/*1F) genotype, a finding that will require further replication. PATIENT SUMMARY It is likely that coffee intake is associated with longer prostate cancer-specific survival in certain groups, but more research is needed to fully understand which men may benefit and why.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Gregg
- Department of Urology, Division of Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jeri Kim
- Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sam Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ganiraju Manyam
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rosalind A Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peng Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Qubad M, Bittner RA. Second to none: rationale, timing, and clinical management of clozapine use in schizophrenia. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2023; 13:20451253231158152. [PMID: 36994117 PMCID: PMC10041648 DOI: 10.1177/20451253231158152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its enduring relevance as the single most effective and important evidence-based treatment for schizophrenia, underutilization of clozapine remains considerable. To a substantial degree, this is attributable to a reluctance of psychiatrists to offer clozapine due to its relatively large side-effect burden and the complexity of its use. This underscores the necessity for continued education regarding both the vital nature and the intricacies of clozapine treatment. This narrative review summarizes all clinically relevant areas of evidence, which support clozapine's wide-ranging superior efficacy - for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and beyond - and make its safe use eminently feasible. Converging evidence indicates that TRS constitutes a distinct albeit heterogeneous subgroup of schizophrenias primarily responsive to clozapine. Most importantly, the predominantly early onset of treatment resistance and the considerable decline in response rates associated with its delayed initiation make clozapine an essential treatment option throughout the course of illness, beginning with the first psychotic episode. To maximize patients' benefits, systematic early recognition efforts based on stringent use of TRS criteria, a timely offer of clozapine, thorough side-effect screening and management as well as consistent use of therapeutic drug monitoring and established augmentation strategies for suboptimal responders are crucial. To minimize permanent all-cause discontinuation, re-challenges after neutropenia or myocarditis should be considered. Owing to clozapine's unique efficacy, comorbid conditions including substance use and most somatic disorders should not dissuade but rather encourage clinicians to consider clozapine. Moreover, treatment decisions need to be informed by the late onset of clozapine's full effects, which for reduced suicidality and mortality rates may not even be readily apparent. Overall, the singular extent of its efficacy combined with the high level of patient satisfaction continues to distinguish clozapine from all other available antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal Qubad
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert A. Bittner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Saunders B, da Costa LR, de Souza RAS, Barreto G, Marticorena FM. Caffeine and sport. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 106:95-127. [PMID: 37722778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is a trimethylxanthine found in coffee and several other foods and beverages. Its stimulatory effects make it an interesting strategy to boost performance for athletic populations. Scientific evidence supports its efficacy to improve high-intensity endurance exercise, explosive and high-intensity efforts, resistance exercise, team sports and combat sports, though individual variation in the ergogenic response to caffeine exists. Supplementation can be taken in many forms including dissolved in water, via capsules, coffee, energy drinks and caffeinated gum; ingestion via capsules, dissolved in water or in caffeinated gum appear to be most effective. Variability in the exercise response following caffeine supplementation may be explained by genetic factors or habitual caffeine consumption. Caffeine is an excellent supplement for athletes looking to improve their exercise performance, though some consideration of side-effects and impact on sleep are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Registro da Costa
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Silva de Souza
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barreto
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Miguel Marticorena
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kukal S, Thakran S, Kanojia N, Yadav S, Mishra MK, Guin D, Singh P, Kukreti R. Genic-intergenic polymorphisms of CYP1A genes and their clinical impact. Gene 2023; 857:147171. [PMID: 36623673 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The humancytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) subfamily genes, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2, encoding monooxygenases are critically involved in biotransformation of key endogenous substrates (estradiol, arachidonic acid, cholesterol) and exogenous compounds (smoke constituents, carcinogens, caffeine, therapeutic drugs). This suggests their significant involvement in multiple biological pathways with a primary role of maintaining endogenous homeostasis and xenobiotic detoxification. Large interindividual variability exist in CYP1A gene expression and/or catalytic activity of the enzyme, which is primarily due to the existence of polymorphic alleles which encode them. These polymorphisms (mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) have been extensively studied as susceptibility factors in a spectrum of clinical phenotypes. An in-depth understanding of the effects of polymorphic CYP1A genes on the differential metabolic activity and the resulting biological pathways is needed to explain the clinical implications of CYP1A polymorphisms. The present review is intended to provide an integrated understanding of CYP1A metabolic activity with unique substrate specificity and their involvement in physiological and pathophysiological roles. The article further emphasizes on the impact of widely studied CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 SNPs and their complex interaction with non-genetic factors like smoking and caffeine intake on multiple clinical phenotypes. Finally, we attempted to discuss the alterations in metabolism/physiology concerning the polymorphic CYP1A genes, which may underlie the reported clinical associations. This knowledge may provide insights into the disease pathogenesis, risk stratification, response to therapy and potential drug targets for individuals with certain CYP1A genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sarita Thakran
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saroj Yadav
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Delhi 110007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Dos Santos MPP, Spineli H, Dos Santos BP, Lima-Silva AE, Gitaí DLG, Bishop DJ, de Araujo GG. The effect of caffeine on exercise performance is not influenced by ADORA2A genotypes, alone or pooled with CYP1A2 genotypes, in adolescent athletes. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1041-1050. [PMID: 36385314 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the influence of the different genotypes of ADORA2A (1976 C > T, rs 5751876), alone or pooled with CYP1A2 (163 C > A rs 762551) genotypes, on the ergogenic effects of caffeine (CAF) on various aspects of physical performance in male adolescent athletes. METHODS Ninety male adolescent athletes (age = 15.5 ± 2 years) were classified according to their genotypes for 1976 C > T ADORA2A (TT homozygous or CADORA2A allele carriers) and 163 C > A CYP1A2 (AA homozygous or CCYP1A2 allele carriers). Participants were further divided in four groups (1-TTADORA2A + AACYP1A2; 2-TTADORA2A + AC/CCCYP1A2; 3-AACYP1A2 + CT/CCADORA2A;4-AC/CCCYP1A2 + CT/CCADORA2A). Using a randomized, crossover, counterbalanced, and double-blind design, participants ingested CAF (6 mg kg-1) or a placebo (PLA, 300 mg of cellulose) one hour before performing a sequence of physical tests: handgrip strength, agility test, countermovement jump (CMJ), Spike Jump (SJ), sit-ups, push-ups, and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1). RESULTS CAF enhanced handgrip strength (CAF: 35.0 ± 9.2 kg force; PLA: 33.5 ± 8.9 kg force; p = 0.050), CMJ height (CAF: 49.6 ± 12.3 cm; PLA: 48.3 ± 13.6 cm; p = 0.013), SJ height (CAF: 54.7 ± 13.3 cm; PLA: 53.1 ± 14.8 cm; p = 0.013), number of sit-ups (CAF: 37 ± 8; PLA: 35 ± 8; p = 0.001), and distance covered on the Yoyo IR1 test (CAF: 991.6 ± 371.0 m; PLA: 896.0 ± 311.0 m; p = 0.001), This CAF-induced improvement on exercise performance was, however, independent of genotypes groups (all p > 0.05). CAF had no effect on agility (CAF: 15.8 ± 1.2 s; PLA: 15.9 ± 1.3 s; p = 0.070) and push-up (CAF: 26.6 ± 12.0; PLA: 25.0 ± 11.0; p = 0.280) tests. CONCLUSION The acute caffeine intake of 6.0 mg.kg-1 improves several aspects of physical performance, which seems to be independent of ADORA2A genotypes, alone or in combination with CYP1A2 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryssa P Pinto Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition-PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences-PPGCS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Laboratory of Applied Sports Science (LACAE), Research Group Applied to Sport Science-GPCAE, Institute of Physical Education and Sport-IEFE, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Higor Spineli
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition-PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences-PPGCS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Laboratory of Applied Sports Science (LACAE), Research Group Applied to Sport Science-GPCAE, Institute of Physical Education and Sport-IEFE, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Estácio-FAL, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Bruna P Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences-PPGCS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory-LBCM, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Federal University of Technology Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel L G Gitaí
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences-PPGCS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory-LBCM, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living. School of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VU, Australia
| | - Gustavo Gomes de Araujo
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition-PPGNUT, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Applied Sports Science, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Alagoas, Avenue Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Maceió, AL, CEP: 57072-900, Brazil.
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Aiello JJ, Nagelkirk PR, Sackett JR, Fitzgerald LF, Hargens TA, Saunders MJ, El-Sohemy A, Womack CJ. The influence of the CYP1A2-163 C>A polymorphism on the hemostatic response to exercise following caffeine supplementation. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:471-477. [PMID: 36239290 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior work from our group suggests that caffeine increases thrombotic potential after acute exercise. The aim of this study was to determine if hemostatic responses to exercise affected by caffeine are influenced by the CYP1A2-163 C>A polymorphism. METHODS Forty-two healthy men performed two trials in which a graded maximal exercise test was completed one hour after consuming either 6 mg/kg of caffeine or placebo. Subjects were categorized as possessing the C allele (N.=21) or being homozygous for the A allele (N.=21). RESULTS Factor VIII increased more (265%) during exercise in the caffeinated condition than the placebo condition (178%) (P<0.05). Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity also increased more following caffeine as compared to placebo (increase of 8.70±4.32 IU/mL vs. 6.77±3.79 IU/mL respectively, P<0.05). There was no treatment × genotype or treatment × time × genotype interactions. CONCLUSIONS Although caffeine increases factor VIII and tPA responses to maximal exercise, these changes are not influenced by the CYP1A2-163 C>A polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Aiello
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Paul R Nagelkirk
- Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - James R Sackett
- Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Liam F Fitzgerald
- Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Trent A Hargens
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Michael J Saunders
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher J Womack
- Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, USA -
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Cheng Y, Sun Y, Zhang D, Ma X, Liu C, Hu C, Sun T, Zhao Z, Liu X, Zhou Y. Influence of CYP2C19 genetic variants and smoking on dual antiplatelet efficacy in patients with coronary artery disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1105001. [PMID: 36760562 PMCID: PMC9902702 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the effects of smoking and CYP2C19 gene polymorphism on antiplatelet therapy to specify the most optimized and accurate antiplatelet therapy for different populations. Methods This study included 6,353 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In total, 2,256 (35.5%) were smokers and 4,097 (64.5%) were non-smokers. Patients carrying a CYP2C19*2 or *3 allele were considered loss-of-function (LOF) allele carriers. The medical history of patients who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at Beijing Anzhen Hospital was recorded. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events (MACCE) during the 6-month follow-up period. A Cox regression model was used to assess the interactions between antiplatelet efficacy and CYP2C19 LOF allele carrier status, stratified by smoking status. Results Compared to clopidogrel plus aspirin, ticagrelor plus aspirin reduced the MACCE recurrence risk in non-smokers (carrier: 6.0 vs. 2.0%, hazard ratio 0.298, 95% confidence interval 0.204-0.635, P < 0.0001; non-carrier: 5.8 vs. 2.1%, hazard ratio 0.358, 95% confidence interval 0.189-0.678, P = 0.002), and not in smokers. Similar results were discovered regarding the recurrence rate for hospitalization for ischemic cardiac events in non-smokers. No apparent difference was discovered in the bleeding events in either group. There were no significant associations between antiplatelet medication and CYP2C19 LOF allele carrier status for the MACCE recurrence risk among smokers (P = 0.943, respectively) or non-smokers (P = 0.774, respectively). Conclusion In patients with CAD after PCI, ticagrelor plus aspirin lowered the MACCE recurrence risk in CYP2C19 LOF allele carriers and non-carriers compared with clopidogrel plus aspirin alone among non-smokers. The efficacy of antiplatelet therapy varies between CYP2C19 LOF allele carrier status. No significant interaction between CYP2C19 LOF allele carrier status and antiplatelet effectiveness was observed. However, caution should be used to interpret our results considering the many limitations of our investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoteng Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tienan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Xiaoli Liu,
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Yujie Zhou,
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Caffeine is detoxified by cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), and genetic variation in CYP1A2 impacts the rate of caffeine clearance. Factors that may modify the association between coffee intake and kidney disease remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess whether CYP1A2 genotype modifies the association between coffee intake and kidney dysfunction. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Hypertension and Ambulatory Recording Venetia Study (HARVEST) was a prospective cohort study of individuals with stage 1 hypertension in Italy; HARVEST began on April 1, 1990, and follow-up is ongoing. The current study used data from April 1, 1990, to June 30, 2006, with follow-up of approximately 10 years. Blood pressure and biochemical data were collected monthly during the first 3 months, then every 6 months thereafter. Data were analyzed from January 2019 to March 2019. Participants were screened and recruited from general practice clinics. The present study included 1180 untreated participants aged 18 to 45 years with stage 1 hypertension; those with nephropathy, diabetes, urinary tract infection, and cardiovascular disease were excluded. EXPOSURES Coffee intake and CYP1A2 genotype rs762551 were exposures analyzed over a median follow-up of 7.5 (IQR, 3.1-10.9) years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Albuminuria (defined as an albumin level of ≥30 mg/24 h) and hyperfiltration (defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of ≥150 mL/min/1.73 m2) were the primary outcomes as indicators of kidney dysfunction. RESULTS Among 1180 participants, genotyping, lifestyle questionnaires, and urine analysis data were obtained from 604 individuals (438 [72.5%] male) with a mean (SD) age of 33.3 (8.5) years and a mean (SD) body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 25.4 (3.4). A total of 158 participants (26.2%) consumed less than 1 cup of coffee per day, 379 (62.7%) consumed 1 to 3 cups per day, and 67 (11.1%) consumed more than 3 cups per day. Genotype frequencies for rs762551 (260 participants [43.1%] with genotype AA, 247 participants [40.8%] with genotype AC, and 97 participants [16.1%] with genotype CC) did not differ between coffee intake categories. The level of risk of developing albuminuria, hyperfiltration, and hypertension, assessed by Cox regression and survival analyses, was not associated with coffee intake in the entire group or among fast metabolizers. The risks of albuminuria (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.74; 95% CI, 1.63-4.62; P < .001), hyperfiltration (aHR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.17-3.80; P = .01), and hypertension (aHR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.51-5.23; P = .001) increased significantly among slow metabolizers who consumed more than 3 cups per day. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, the risks of albuminuria, hyperfiltration, and hypertension increased with heavy coffee intake only among those with the AC and CC genotypes of CYP1A2 at rs762551 associated with slow caffeine metabolism, suggesting that caffeine may play a role in the development of kidney disease in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mahdavi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paolo Palatini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Trumbower RD, Barth S, Tuthill C, Slocum C, Shan G, Zafonte R, Mitchell GS. Caffeine Enhances Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Gains in Walking Function for People with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1756-1763. [PMID: 35686460 PMCID: PMC9734018 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) often results in lifelong walking impairments that limit functional independence. Thus, treatments that trigger enduring improvement in walking after iSCI are in high demand. Breathing brief episodes of low oxygen (i.e., acute intermittent hypoxia, AIH) enhances breathing and walking function in rodents and humans with chronic iSCI. Pre-clinical studies found that AIH also causes the accumulation of extracellular adenosine that undermines AIH-induced functional plasticity. Pharmacologically blocking adenosine A2a receptors (A2aR) prior to AIH resulted in a dramatic improvement in motor facilitation in rodents with iSCI; however, a similar beneficial effect in humans is unclear. Thus, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover randomized study to test the hypothesis that a non-selective A2aR antagonist (i.e., caffeine) enhances AIH-induced effects on walking function in people with chronic (≥1yr) iSCI. We enrolled 12 participants to receive daily (5 days) caffeine or placebo (4 mg/kg) 30 min before breathing 15, 1.5-min low oxygen (AIH; FIO2 = 0.10) or SHAM (FIO2 = 0.21) episodes with 1-min intervals. We quantified walking function as the change in the 10-meter walk test (speed) and 6-min walk test (endurance) relative to baseline, on Day 5 post-intervention, and on follow-up Days 12 and 19. Participants walked faster (Day 19; p < 0.001) and farther (Day 19; p = 0.012) after caffeine+AIH and the boost in speed persisted more than after placebo+AIH or caffeine+SHAM (Day 19; p < 0.05). These results support our hypothesis that a caffeine pre-treatment to AIH training shows promise as a strategy to augment walking speed in persons with chronic iSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy D. Trumbower
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Address correspondence to: Randy D. Trumbower, PT, PhD, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 1575 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stella Barth
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Tuthill
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chloe Slocum
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guogen Shan
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gordon S. Mitchell
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Mostafa S, Polasek TM, Bousman C, Rostami‐Hodjegan A, Sheffield LJ, Everall I, Pantelis C, Kirkpatrick CMJ. Delineating gene-environment effects using virtual twins of patients treated with clozapine. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 12:168-179. [PMID: 36424701 PMCID: PMC9931435 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies that focus on individual covariates, while ignoring their interactions, may not be adequate for model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) in any given patient. Genetic variations that influence protein synthesis should be studied in conjunction with environmental covariates, such as cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to build virtual twins (VTs) of real patients receiving clozapine with interacting covariates related to genetics and environment and to delineate the impact of interacting covariates on predicted clozapine plasma concentrations. Clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia (N = 42) with observed clozapine plasma concentrations, demographic, environmental, and genotype data were used to construct VTs in Simcyp. The effect of increased covariate virtualization was assessed by performing simulations under three conditions: "low" (demographic), "medium" (demographic and environmental interaction), and "high" (demographic and environmental/genotype interaction) covariate virtualization. Increasing covariate virtualization with interaction improved the coefficient of variation (R2 ) from 0.07 in the low model to 0.391 and 0.368 in the medium and high models, respectively. Whereas R2 was similar between the medium and high models, the high covariate virtualization model had improved accuracy, with systematic bias of predicted clozapine plasma concentration improving from -138.48 ng/ml to -74.65 ng/ml. A high level of covariate virtualization (demographic, environmental, and genotype) may be required for MIPD using VTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Mostafa
- Centre for Medicine Use and SafetyMonash UniversityVictoriaParkvilleAustralia,MyDNA LifeAustralia LimitedVictoriaSouth YarraAustralia
| | - Thomas M. Polasek
- Centre for Medicine Use and SafetyMonash UniversityVictoriaParkvilleAustralia,CertaraNew JerseyPrincetonUSA,Department of Clinical PharmacologyRoyal Adelaide HospitalSouth AustraliaAdelaideAustralia
| | - Chad Bousman
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Melbourne & Melbourne HealthVictoriaMelbourneAustralia,The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental HealthVictoriaMelbourneAustralia,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryAlbertaCalgaryCanada,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryAlbertaCalgaryCanada,Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of CalgaryAlbertaCalgaryCanada
| | - Amin Rostami‐Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research (CAPKR), School of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK,Simcyp DivisionCertara UK LimitedSheffieldUK
| | | | - Ian Everall
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Melbourne & Melbourne HealthVictoriaMelbourneAustralia,The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental HealthVictoriaMelbourneAustralia,Western Australian Health Translation NetworkNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaMelbourneAustralia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Melbourne & Melbourne HealthVictoriaMelbourneAustralia,The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental HealthVictoriaMelbourneAustralia,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaMelbourneAustralia
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36
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Mostafa S, Polasek TM, Bousman CA, Müeller DJ, Sheffield LJ, Rembach J, Kirkpatrick CM. Pharmacogenomics in psychiatry - the challenge of cytochrome P450 enzyme phenoconversion and solutions to assist precision dosing. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:857-867. [PMID: 36169629 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes may improve the efficacy and/or safety of some medications. This is facilitated by increased availability and affordability of genotyping, the development of clinical practice PGx guidelines and regulatory support. However, the common occurrence of CYP phenoconversion, a mismatch between genotype-predicted CYP phenotype and the actual CYP phenotype, currently limits the application of PGx testing for precision dosing in psychiatry. This review proposes a stepwise approach to assist precision dosing in psychiatry via the introduction of PGx stewardship programs and innovative PGx education strategies. A future perspective on delivering precision dosing for psychiatrists is discussed that involves innovative clinical decision support systems powered by model-informed precision dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Mostafa
- Centre for Medicine Use & Safety, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,MyDNA Life, Australia Limited, South Yarra, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas M Polasek
- Centre for Medicine Use & Safety, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Certara, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Chad A Bousman
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, & Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Daniel J Müeller
- Pharmacogenetics Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | | | - Joel Rembach
- MyDNA Life, Australia Limited, South Yarra, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carl Mj Kirkpatrick
- Centre for Medicine Use & Safety, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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Knapik JJ, Steelman RA, Trone DW, Farina EK, Lieberman HR. Prevalence of caffeine consumers, daily caffeine consumption, and factors associated with caffeine use among active duty United States military personnel. Nutr J 2022; 21:22. [PMID: 35421992 PMCID: PMC9008906 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although representative data on caffeine intake in Americans are available, these data do not include US service members (SMs). The few previous investigations in military personnel largely involve convenience samples. This cross-sectional study examined prevalence of caffeine consumers, daily caffeine consumption, and factors associated with caffeine use among United States active duty military service members (SMs). METHODS A stratified random sample of SMs were asked to complete an on-line questionnaire on their personal characteristics and consumption of caffeinated products (exclusive of dietary supplements). Eighteen percent (n = 26,680) of successfully contacted SMs (n = 146,365) completed the questionnaire. RESULTS Overall, 87% reported consuming caffeinated products ≥1 time/week. Mean ± standard error per-capita consumption (all participants) was 218 ± 2 and 167 ± 3 mg/day for men and women, respectively. Caffeine consumers ingested 243 ± 2 mg/day (251 ± 2 mg/day men, 195 ± 3 mg/day women). On a body-weight basis, men and women consumed respectively similar caffeine amounts (2.93 vs 2.85 mg/day/kg; p = 0.12). Among individual caffeinated products, coffee had the highest use (68%), followed by sodas (42%), teas (29%), energy drinks (29%) and gums/candy/medications (4%). In multivariable logistic regression, characteristics independently associated with caffeine use (≥1 time/week) included female gender, older age, white race/ethnicity, higher body mass index, tobacco use or former use, greater alcohol intake, and higher enlisted or officer rank. CONCLUSION Compared to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, daily caffeine consumption (mg/day) by SMs was higher, perhaps reflecting higher mental and physical occupational demands on SMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Knapik
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
| | - Ryan A Steelman
- US Army Public Health Center, 8252 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21010, USA
| | - Daniel W Trone
- Naval Health Research Center, Building 329, Ryne Road, San Diego, CA, 92152, USA
| | - Emily K Farina
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
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Barreto G, Loureiro LMR, Reis CEG, Saunders B. Effects of caffeine chewing gum supplementation on exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:714-725. [PMID: 35239468 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2049885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to determine the effect of caffeine gum (Caff-gum) on exercise performance-related outcomes. Medline, EmBase, and SPORTSDiscus, and the register ClinicalTrials.gov were searched in March 2021, for studies assessing the effect of Caff-gum in placebo-controlled protocols involving healthy adults (i.e., with no chronic diseases or health conditions). Risk of bias was assessed using the RoB 2 tool. Random-effects meta-analyses using standardized mean differences (SMD) were performed to determine the effect of Caff-gum on exercise outcomes with several sub-analyses (training status, exercise type, timing and dose) for potential modifying factors. 14 studies were included, totaling 200 participants. There was a significant overall effect of Caff-gum compared to placebo (SMD = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.10-0.32; p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed improved performance for trained (SMD = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.08-0.37; p = 0.004), but not for untrained (SMD = 0.14, 95%CI: -0.02-0.29; p = 0.07) individuals. Caff-gum improved both endurance (SMD = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.12-0.42; p = 0.002) and strength/power (SMD = 0.20, 95%CI: 0.03-0.37; p = 0.03) performance outcomes. Caff-gum was ergogenic when consumed within 15 min prior to initiating exercise (SMD = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.07-0.4; p = 0.01), but not when provided >15 min prior (SMD=-0.48, 95%CI= -1.7-0.82; p = 0.25). There was no significant effect of Caff-gum with doses <3 mg/kg body mass (BM) (SMD = 0.20, 95%CI: -0.03-0.43; p = 0.07), but there was a significant effect when the dose was ≥3 mg/kg BM (SMD = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.07-0.37; p = 0.01). Caff-gum supplementation may be an effective ergogenic strategy for trained athletes involved in both endurance and strength/power exercise, using a recommended dose of ≥3 mg/kg BM consumed within 15 minutes before the exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barreto
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport; Rheumatology Division; Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L M R Loureiro
- Faculty of Nutrition FANUT, Department of Food and Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - C E G Reis
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - B Saunders
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Fekete F, Mangó K, Minus A, Tóth K, Monostory K. CYP1A2 mRNA Expression Rather than Genetic Variants Indicate Hepatic CYP1A2 Activity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030532. [PMID: 35335907 PMCID: PMC8954692 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP1A2, one of the most abundant hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, is involved in metabolism of several drugs and carcinogenic compounds. Data on the significance of CYP1A2 genetic polymorphisms in enzyme activity are highly inconsistent; therefore, the impact of CYP1A2 genetic variants (−3860G>A, −2467delT, −739T>G, −163C>A, 2159G>A) on mRNA expression and phenacetin O-dealkylation selective for CYP1A2 was investigated in human liver tissues and in psychiatric patients belonging to Caucasian populations. CYP1A2*1F, considered to be associated with high CYP1A2 inducibility, is generally identified by the presence of −163C>A polymorphism; however, we demonstrated that −163C>A existed in several haplotypes (CYP1A2*1F, CYP1A2*1L, CYP1A2*1M, CYP1A2*1V, CYP1A2*1W), and consequently, CYP1A2*1F was a much rarer allelic variant (0.4%) than reported in Caucasian populations. Of note, −163C>A polymorphism was found to result in an increase of neither mRNA nor the activity of CYP1A2. Moreover, hepatic CYP1A2 activity was associated with hepatic or leukocyte mRNA expression rather than genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A2. Consideration of non-genetic phenoconverting factors (co-medication with CYP1A2-specific inhibitors/inducers, tobacco smoking and non-specific factors, including amoxicillin+clavulanic acid therapy or chronic alcohol consumption) did not much improve genotype−phenotype estimation. In conclusion, CYP1A2-genotyping is inappropriate for the prediction of CYP1A2 function; however, CYP1A2 mRNA expression in leukocytes can inform about patients’ CYP1A2-metabolizing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Fekete
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (F.F.); (K.M.); (A.M.); (K.T.)
- Doctoral School of Biology and Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Mangó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (F.F.); (K.M.); (A.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Annamária Minus
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (F.F.); (K.M.); (A.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (F.F.); (K.M.); (A.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Katalin Monostory
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (F.F.); (K.M.); (A.M.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence:
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40
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Jäger R, Purpura M, Wells SD, Liao K, Godavarthi A. Paraxanthine Supplementation Increases Muscle Mass, Strength, and Endurance in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:893. [PMID: 35215543 PMCID: PMC8875973 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraxanthine is a natural dietary ingredient and the main metabolite of caffeine in humans. Compared to caffeine, paraxanthine exhibits lower toxicity, lesser anxiogenic properties, stronger locomotor activating effects, greater wake promoting properties, and stronger dopaminergic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of paraxanthine supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and endurance performance in comparison to the control and other ingredients commonly used by athletes: L-theanine, alpha-GPC, and taurine. Male Swiss Albino mice from five groups (n = 8 per group) were orally administered paraxanthine (20.5 mg/kg/day, human equivalence dose (HED) 100 mg), L-theanine (10.28 mg/kg/day, HED 50 mg), alpha-GPC (41.09 mg/kg/day, HED 200 mg), taurine (102.75 mg/kg/day, HED 500 mg), or control (carboxy methyl cellulose) for 4 weeks. Exercise performance was evaluated using forelimb grip strength and treadmill endurance exercise. All animals were subject to treadmill training for 60 min 5 days per week. Blood draws were utilized to analyze lipid profile, liver health, renal function, and nitric oxide levels. Paraxanthine significantly increased forelimb grip strength by 17% (p < 0.001), treadmill exercise performance by 39% (p < 0.001), gastrocnemius and soleus muscle mass by 14% and 41% respectively (both p < 0.001), and nitric oxide levels by 100% compared to control (p < 0.001), while reducing triglyceride (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL (p < 0.05), and increasing HDL (p < 0.001) compared to control, and compared to L-theanine, alpha-GPC, and taurine. Results from this initial investigation indicate that, when compared to the control, L-theanine, alpha-GPC, and taurine, paraxanthine is an effective ingredient for various aspects of sports performance and may enhance cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Jäger
- Ingenious Ingredients L.P., Lewisville, TX 75056, USA; (M.P.); (S.D.W.); (K.L.)
- Increnovo LLC, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA
| | - Martin Purpura
- Ingenious Ingredients L.P., Lewisville, TX 75056, USA; (M.P.); (S.D.W.); (K.L.)
- Increnovo LLC, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA
| | - Shawn D. Wells
- Ingenious Ingredients L.P., Lewisville, TX 75056, USA; (M.P.); (S.D.W.); (K.L.)
| | - Kylin Liao
- Ingenious Ingredients L.P., Lewisville, TX 75056, USA; (M.P.); (S.D.W.); (K.L.)
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Aronica L, Ordovas JM, Volkov A, Lamb JJ, Stone PM, Minich D, Leary M, Class M, Metti D, Larson IA, Contractor N, Eck B, Bland JS. Genetic Biomarkers of Metabolic Detoxification for Personalized Lifestyle Medicine. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040768. [PMID: 35215417 PMCID: PMC8876337 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic detoxification (detox)—or biotransformation—is a physiological function that removes toxic substances from our body. Genetic variability and dietary factors may affect the function of detox enzymes, thus impacting the body’s sensitivity to toxic substances of endogenous and exogenous origin. From a genetic perspective, most of the current knowledge relies on observational studies in humans or experimental models in vivo and in vitro, with very limited proof of causality and clinical value. This review provides health practitioners with a list of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within genes involved in Phase I and Phase II detoxification reactions, for which evidence of clinical utility does exist. We have selected these SNPs based on their association with interindividual variability of detox metabolism in response to certain nutrients in the context of human clinical trials. In order to facilitate clinical interpretation and usage of these SNPs, we provide, for each of them, a strength of evidence score based on recent guidelines for genotype-based dietary advice. We also present the association of these SNPs with functional biomarkers of detox metabolism in a pragmatic clinical trial, the LIFEHOUSE study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Aronica
- Department of Nutrition Science, Metagenics, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA; (I.A.L.); (B.E.)
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, California, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA-Food, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- University Camilo José Cela, Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joseph J. Lamb
- Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Center, Gig Harbor, WA 98332, USA; (J.J.L.); (P.M.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Peter Michael Stone
- Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Center, Gig Harbor, WA 98332, USA; (J.J.L.); (P.M.S.); (D.M.)
- Institute for Functional Medicine Federal Way, Washington, DC 98003, USA; (D.M.); (M.C.)
- Ashland Comprehensive Family Medicine-Stone Medical, Ashland, OR 97520, USA
- Office of Personalized Health and Well-Being, Medical College of Georgia, AU/UGA Medical Partnership, Athens, GA 30606, USA
| | - Deanna Minich
- Institute for Functional Medicine Federal Way, Washington, DC 98003, USA; (D.M.); (M.C.)
- Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, University of Western States, Portland, OR 97213, USA
| | | | - Monique Class
- Institute for Functional Medicine Federal Way, Washington, DC 98003, USA; (D.M.); (M.C.)
- The Center for Functional Medicine, Stamford, CT 06905, USA
| | - Dina Metti
- Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Center, Gig Harbor, WA 98332, USA; (J.J.L.); (P.M.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Ilona A. Larson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Metagenics, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA; (I.A.L.); (B.E.)
| | | | - Brent Eck
- Department of Nutrition Science, Metagenics, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA; (I.A.L.); (B.E.)
| | - Jeffrey S. Bland
- Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Institute, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA;
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Farmacogenética en psiquiatría: estudio de variantes alélicas del CYP450 en pacientes chilenos con patología psiquiátrica. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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CYP1A2 Genotype Polymorphism Influences the Effect of Caffeine on Anaerobic Performance in Trained Males. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 32:16-21. [PMID: 34611052 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to investigate the effects of CYP1A2 -163C > A polymorphism on the effects of acute caffeine (CAF) supplementation on anaerobic power in trained males. Sixteen trained males (age: 21.6 ± 7.1 years; height: 179.7 ± 5.6 cm; body mass: 72.15 ± 6.8 kg) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PLA) controlled crossover design. Participants supplemented with CAF (6 mg/kg of body mass) and an isovolumetric PLA (maltodextrin) in random order and separated by 7 days, before an all-out 30-s anaerobic cycling test to determine peak, average, and minimum power output, and fatigue index. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted to identify each participants CYP1A2 genotype. Six participants expressed AA homozygote and 10 expressed C alleles. There was a treatment by genotype interaction for peak power output (p = .041, η2 = .265, observed power = 0.552) with only those expressing AA genotype showing improvement following CAF supplementation compared with PLA (CAF: 693 ± 108 watts vs. PLA: 655 ± 97 watts; p = .039), while no difference between treatments was noted in those expressing C alleles (CAF: 614 ± 92 watts vs. PLA: 659 ± 144 watts; p = .135). There were no other interaction or main effects for average or minimum power output, or fatigue index (p > .05). In conclusion, the ingestion of 6 mg/kg of CAF improved peak power output only in participants with the AA genotype compared with PLA; however, expression of the CYP1A2 did not influence average or minimum power output or fatigue index.
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Review: Influence of the CYP450 Genetic Variation on the Treatment of Psychotic Disorders. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184275. [PMID: 34575384 PMCID: PMC8464829 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotic metabolism is mainly carried out by the CYP450 superfamily, which is highly polymorphic. Therefore, knowing the influence of the different known CYP450 polymorphisms on antipsychotic plasmatic levels and, consequently, the biological effect could contribute to a deeper knowledge of interindividual antipsychotic treatment variability, prompting possible solutions. Considering this, this state of the art review aimed to summarize the current knowledge about the influence of the diverse characterized phenotypes on the metabolism of the most used second-generation antipsychotics. Forty studies describing different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the genes CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 and their influence on pharmacokinetics of olanzapine, clozapine, aripiprazole, risperidone, and quetiapine. Most of the authors concluded that although significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters between the different phenotypes could be observed, more thorough studies describing pharmacokinetic interactions and environmental conditions, among other variables, are needed to fully comprehend these pharmacogenetic interactions.
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Zubiaur P, Soria-Chacartegui P, Villapalos-García G, Gordillo-Perdomo JJ, Abad-Santos F. The pharmacogenetics of treatment with olanzapine. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:939-958. [PMID: 34528455 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism in olanzapine-metabolizing enzymes, transporters and drug targets is associated with alterations in safety and efficacy. The aim of this systematic review is to describe all clinically relevant pharmacogenetic information on olanzapine and to propose clinically actionable variants. Two hundred and eighty-four studies were screened; 76 complied with the inclusion criteria and presented significant associations. DRD2 Taq1A (rs1800497) *A1, LEP -2548 (rs7799039) G and CYP1A2*1F alleles were related to olanzapine effectiveness and safety variability in several studies, with a high level of evidence. DRD2 -141 (rs1799732) Ins, A-241G (rs1799978) G, DRD3 Ser9Gly (rs6280) Gly, HTR2A rs7997012 A, ABCB1 C3435T (rs1045642) T and G2677T/A (rs2032582) T and UGT1A4*3 alleles were related to safety, effectiveness and/or pharmacokinetic variability with moderated level of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Zubiaur
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain.,UICEC Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Paula Soria-Chacartegui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Villapalos-García
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Juan J Gordillo-Perdomo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Francisco Abad-Santos
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain.,UICEC Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28006, Spain
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Tayba Z, Sacre Y, Attieh R, Mannan H. Caffeine improves work durability and physical performance in anaerobic exercises among active adults in Tripoli Lebanon. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:104. [PMID: 34474683 PMCID: PMC8414861 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People worldwide have a high intake of caffeine. Active adults are among the group of people who have always been interested in caffeine as an ergogenic aid. This study aims at examining the association between caffeine consumption and perceived performance (aerobic and anaerobic exercises) among active people attending different gyms in Tripoli, Lebanon. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 206 participants attending seven gyms in Tripoli. Participants were recruited using simple random sampling for a face-to-face individual interview. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data have been coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS The prevalence rate of active people practicing both aerobic and anaerobic exercises is 63.6%. More than half of our sample (54.8%) has been working out for a duration of more than 6 months and 84.6% of respondents spend at least 30 min during their workouts. Caffeine consumption was popular in our sample with 92.2% indicating that they use caffeinated products. The findings of this study showed an association between anaerobic exercise and caffeine, perceived as physical performance enhancer and work durability enhancer. Yet no association was found between aerobic exercise and caffeine consumption. CONCLUSIONS Perhaps, future research could focus on the safe doses of caffeine that could be given for anaerobic exercises to have an ergogenic effect. This could help us to build scientific guidelines for caffeine's association with sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Tayba
- Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Yonna Sacre
- Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Randa Attieh
- Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Haider Mannan
- Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
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Rodak K, Kokot I, Kratz EM. Caffeine as a Factor Influencing the Functioning of the Human Body-Friend or Foe? Nutrients 2021; 13:3088. [PMID: 34578966 PMCID: PMC8467199 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, caffeine is one of the most commonly consumed substances, which presents in many plants and products. It has both positive and negative effects on the human body, and its activity concerns a variety of systems including the central nervous system, immune system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary tract, etc. These effects are dependent on quantity, the type of product in which caffeine is contained, and also on the individual differences among people (sex, age, diet etc.). The main aim of this review was to collect, present, and analyze the available information including the latest discoveries on the impact of caffeine on human health and the functioning of human body systems, taking into account the role of caffeine in individual disease entities. We present both the positive and negative sides of caffeine consumption and the healing properties of this purine alkaloid in diseases such as asthma, Parkinson's disease, and others, not forgetting about the negative effects of excess caffeine (e.g., in people with hypertension, children, adolescents, and the elderly). In summary, we can conclude, however, that caffeine has a multi-directional influence on various organs of the human body, and because of its anti-oxidative properties, it was, and still is, an interesting topic for research studies including those aimed at developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Rodak
- Student Research Club, “Biomarkers in Medical Diagnostics”, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Kokot
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Maria Kratz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Molden E. Therapeutic drug monitoring of clozapine in adults with schizophrenia: a review of challenges and strategies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:1211-1221. [PMID: 34461790 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1974400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clozapine (CLZ) is the superior drug in treatment of schizophrenia. Serum concentration of CLZ is associated with clinical response and dose-dependents side effects, where generalized tonic-clonic seizures are most critical. Thus, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of CLZ may guide individual dosing to reach target exposure and prevent dose-dependent side effects. However, current TDM methods are not capable of predicting the risk of agranulocytosis, which is a dose-independent side effect restricting use of CLZ to treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). AREAS COVERED The article provides an overview of clinical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects of CLZ, and the role of TDM as a tool for dose titration and follow-up in patients with TRS. Main focus is on current challenges and strategies in CLZ TDM, including future perspectives on potential identification/analysis of CLZ metabolite biomarkers reflecting the risk of granulocyte toxicity. EXPERT OPINION The association between CLZ serum concentration, clinical response and risk of seizures is indisputable. TDM should therefore always guide CLZ dose titration. Development of advanced TDM methods, including biomarkers predicting the risk of granulocyte toxicity might extend TDM to be a tool for deciding which patients that can be treated safely with CLZ, potentially increasing its utility beyond TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Molden
- Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Association between hypertension and coffee drinking based on CYP1A2 rs762551 single nucleotide polymorphism in Taiwanese. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:78. [PMID: 34391463 PMCID: PMC8364041 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension increases the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is related to caffeine metabolism and the risk of CVD among coffee drinkers. CYP1A2 rs762551 influenced the risk of stroke among hypertensive patients. We examined the relationship between hypertension and coffee drinking based on CYP1A2 rs762551 SNP in Taiwanese adults. Methods We used data contained in the Taiwan Biobank database (2011–2018) and included 19,133 participants having complete information on hypertension, rs762551 polymorphism, coffee intake, etc. The risk of hypertension was determined using multiple logistic regression. Results Coffee intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of hypertension. The odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and p-value were 0.877, 0.807–0.954, and 0.0032, respectively. CYP1A2 rs762551 was not significantly associated with the risk of hypertension, but it had a significant interactive association with coffee drinking (p value = 0.0303). After stratification by rs762551 genotypes, the inverse coffee drinking-hypertension association was retained, but significant results were observed only in those with the AC + CC genotype (OR 0.678, 95% CI 0.722–900, p value = 0.0001). According to the combination of coffee drinking and rs762551 genotypes (reference group: no coffee drinking and rs762551 AA), the coffee drinking-AC + CC group had a lower risk of hypertension (OR 0.888, 95% CI 0.789–0.999, p value = 0.0483). Conclusion Coffee drinking, particularly among individuals with the CYP1A2 rs762551 AC + CC genotype was associated with lower odds of hypertension.
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CYP1A2 Genotype Modifies the Effects of Caffeine Compared With Placebo on Muscle Strength in Competitive Male Athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2021; 31:420-426. [PMID: 34284351 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is commonly used to improve athletic performance across a variety of sports. Previously, the CYP1A2 gene has been shown to modify the effects of caffeine on endurance performance. The effect of caffeine on strength and power activities is unclear and may differ depending on an individual's CYP1A2 genotype. A randomized controlled trial was used to determine whether caffeine impacts strength and power, determined by the handgrip and vertical jump tests, respectively, and whether CYP1A2 genotype modifies any effects. Competitive male athletes (age = 25 ± 4 years) completed vertical jump (n = 97), and handgrip tests (n = 102) under three conditions: 0 (placebo), 2, or 4 mg of caffeine per kilogram of body mass (in milligrams per kilogram). CYP1A2 (rs762551) genotype was determined from saliva samples. No differences between caffeine doses and placebo were observed for strength or power; however, significant Caffeine × Gene interactions were observed for all exercise tests. Individuals with the CC genotype experienced a 12.8% decrease in handgrip strength with 4 mg/kg of caffeine compared with placebo (53 ± 11 kg vs. 61 ± 17 kg, p = .02). No differences were observed in those with the AC or AA genotypes. Despite observing a significant Caffeine × Gene interaction for vertical jump performance, no differences were observed between caffeine doses and placebo for all genotypes. In summary, caffeine (4 mg/kg) worsened handgrip strength performance in those with the CC genotype, but no differences were observed in those with the AC or AA genotypes. Athletes may want to consider their CYP1A2 genotype prior to using caffeine to improve muscle strength.
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