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Pei J, Fang C, Li B, Nie M, Li J. Direct Evidence for Microbial Regulation of the Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Carbon Decomposition. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17523. [PMID: 39377428 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Soil physicochemical protection, substrates, and microorganisms are thought to modulate the temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition (Q10), but their regulatory roles have yet to be distinguished because of the confounding effects of concurrent changes of them. Here, we sought to differentiate these effects through microorganism reciprocal transplant and aggregate disruption experiments using soils collected from seven sites along a 5000-km latitudinal transect encompassing a wide range of climatic conditions and from a 4-year laboratory incubation experiment. We found direct microbial regulation of Q10, with a higher Q10 being associated with greater fungal:bacterial ratios. However, no significant direct effects of physicochemical protection and substrate were observed on the variation in Q10 along the latitudinal transect or among different incubation time points. These findings highlight that we should move forward from physicochemical protection and substrate to microbial mechanisms regulating soil carbon decomposition temperature sensitivity to understand and better predict soil carbon-climate feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changming Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Nie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Chen L, Yang G, Bai Y, Chang J, Qin S, Liu F, He M, Song Y, Zhang F, Peñuelas J, Zhu B, Zhou G, Yang Y. Permafrost carbon cycle and its dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1833-1848. [PMID: 38951429 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Our knowledge on permafrost carbon (C) cycle is crucial for understanding its feedback to climate warming and developing nature-based solutions for mitigating climate change. To understand the characteristics of permafrost C cycle on the Tibetan Plateau, the largest alpine permafrost region around the world, we summarized recent advances including the stocks and fluxes of permafrost C and their responses to thawing, and depicted permafrost C dynamics within this century. We find that this alpine permafrost region stores approximately 14.1 Pg (1 Pg=1015 g) of soil organic C (SOC) in the top 3 m. Both substantial gaseous emissions and lateral C transport occur across this permafrost region. Moreover, the mobilization of frozen C is expedited by permafrost thaw, especially by the formation of thermokarst landscapes, which could release significant amounts of C into the atmosphere and surrounding water bodies. This alpine permafrost region nevertheless remains an important C sink, and its capacity to sequester C will continue to increase by 2100. For future perspectives, we would suggest developing long-term in situ observation networks of C stocks and fluxes with improved temporal and spatial coverage, and exploring the mechanisms underlying the response of ecosystem C cycle to permafrost thaw. In addition, it is essential to improve the projection of permafrost C dynamics through in-depth model-data fusion on the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Guibiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuxuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Futing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Mei He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yutong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC- UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry (CREAF), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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3
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Sun T, Dong L, Zhang Y, Hättenschwiler S, Schlesinger WH, Zhu J, Berg B, Adair EC, Fang Y, Hobbie SE. General reversal of N-decomposition relationship during long-term decomposition in boreal and temperate forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401398121. [PMID: 38728227 PMCID: PMC11098082 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401398121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Decomposition of dead organic matter is fundamental to carbon (C) and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, influencing C fluxes from the biosphere to the atmosphere. Theory predicts and evidence strongly supports that the availability of nitrogen (N) limits litter decomposition. Positive relationships between substrate N concentrations and decomposition have been embedded into ecosystem models. This decomposition paradigm, however, relies on data mostly from short-term studies analyzing controls on early-stage decomposition. We present evidence from three independent long-term decomposition investigations demonstrating that the positive N-decomposition relationship is reversed and becomes negative during later stages of decomposition. First, in a 10-y decomposition experiment across 62 woody species in a temperate forest, leaf litter with higher N concentrations exhibited faster initial decomposition rates but ended up a larger recalcitrant fraction decomposing at a near-zero rate. Second, in a 5-y N-enrichment experiment of two tree species, leaves with experimentally enriched N concentrations had faster decomposition initial rates but ultimately accumulated large slowly decomposing fractions. Measures of amino sugars on harvested litter in two experiments indicated that greater accumulation of microbial residues in N-rich substrates likely contributed to larger slowly decomposing fractions. Finally, a database of 437 measurements from 120 species in 45 boreal and temperate forest sites confirmed that higher N concentrations were associated with a larger slowly decomposing fraction. These results challenge the current treatment of interactions between N and decomposition in many ecosystems and Earth system models and suggest that even the best-supported short-term controls of biogeochemical processes might not predict long-term controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Lili Dong
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang110866, China
| | - Yunyu Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institutde Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier34293, France
| | - William H. Schlesinger
- Earth and Climate Sciences Division, The Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC27710
| | - Jiaojun Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
- Qingyuan Forest Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, National Observation and Research Station, Liaoning Province, Shenyang110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Björn Berg
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, HelsinkiFIN-00014, Finland
| | - E. Carol Adair
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05403
| | - Yunting Fang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Isotope Techniques and Applications, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
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Zhang Y, Hobbie SE, Schlesinger WH, Berg B, Sun T, Zhu J. Exchangeable manganese regulates carbon storage in the humus layer of the boreal forest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318382121. [PMID: 38502702 PMCID: PMC10990092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318382121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The huge carbon stock in humus layers of the boreal forest plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle. However, there remains uncertainty about the factors that regulate below-ground carbon sequestration in this region. Notably, based on evidence from two independent but complementary methods, we identified that exchangeable manganese is a critical factor regulating carbon accumulation in boreal forests across both regional scales and the entire boreal latitudinal range. Moreover, in a novel fertilization experiment, manganese addition reduced soil carbon stocks, but only after 4 y of additions. Our results highlight an underappreciated mechanism influencing the humus carbon pool of boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN55108
| | - William H. Schlesinger
- Earth and Climate Sciences Division, The Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC27710
| | - Björn Berg
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, HelsinkiFIN-00014, Finland
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Jiaojun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang110016, China
- Qingyuan Forest Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, National Observation and Research Station, Liaoning Province, Shenyang110016, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Management of Non-commercial Forests, Shenyang110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality, Liaoning Province, Shenyang110016, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences-Campbell Scientific Inc. Joint Laboratory of Research and Development for Monitoring Forest Fluxes of Trace Gases and Isotope Elements, Shenyang110016, China
- Sino-USA Joint Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Shenyang110016, China
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Wen Z, Han J, Shang Y, Tao H, Fang C, Lyu L, Li S, Hou J, Liu G, Song K. Spatial variations of DOM in a diverse range of lakes across various frozen ground zones in China: Insights into molecular composition. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121204. [PMID: 38301526 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a significant role in aquatic biogeochemical processes and the carbon cycle. As global climate warming continues, it is anticipated that the composition of DOM in lakes will be altered. This could have significant ecological and environmental implications, particularly in frozen ground zones. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the spatial variations and molecular composition of DOM in lakes within various frozen ground zones. In this study, we examined the spatial variations of in-lake DOM both quantitatively, focusing on dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and qualitatively, by evaluating optical properties and conducting molecular characterization using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). Lakes in cold regions retained more organic carbon compared to those in warmer regions, the comparison of the mean value of DOC concentration of all sampling sites in the same frozen ground zone showed that the highest mean lake DOC concentration found in the permafrost zone at 21.4 ± 19.3 mg/L. We observed decreasing trends in E2:E3 and MLBL, along with increasing trends in SUVA254 and AImod, along the gradually warming ground. These trends suggest lower molecular weight, reduced aromaticity, and increased molecular lability of in-lake DOM in the permafrost zone compared to other frozen ground zones. Further FT-ICR MS characterization revealed significant molecular-level heterogeneity of DOM, with the lowest abundance of assigned DOM molecular formulas found in lakes within permafrost zones. In all studied zones, the predominant molecular formulas in-lake DOM were compounds consisted by CHO elements, accounting for 40.1 % to 63.1 % of the total. Interestingly, the percentage of CHO exhibited a gradual decline along the warming ground, while there was an increasing trend in nitrogen-containing compounds (CHON%). Meanwhile, a substantial number of polyphenols were identified, likely due to the higher rates of DOM mineralization and the transport of terrestrial DOM derived from vascular plants under the elevated temperature and precipitation conditions in the warming region. In addition, sulfur-containing compounds (CHOS and CHNOS) associated with synthetic surfactants and agal derivatives were consistently detected, and their relative abundances exhibited higher values in seasonal and short-frozen ground zones. This aligns with the increased anthropogenic disturbances to the lake's ecological environment in these two zones. This study reported the first description of in-lake DOM at the molecular level in different frozen ground zones. These findings underline that lakes in the permafrost zone serve as significant hubs for carbon processing. Investigating them may expand our understanding of carbon cycling in inland waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Wen
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jiarui Han
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingxin Shang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chong Fang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Lili Lyu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Junbin Hou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Kaishan Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
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Lubna, Asaf S, Jan R, Asif S, Bilal S, Khan AL, Kim KM, Lee IJ, Al-Harrasi A. Plastome diversity and evolution in mosses: Insights from structural characterization, comparative genomics, and phylogenetic analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128608. [PMID: 38065441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Mosses play a significant role in ecology, evolution, and the economy. They belong to the nonvascular plant kingdom and are considered the closest living relatives of the first terrestrial plants. The circular chloroplast DNA molecules (plastomes) of mosses contain all the genetic information essential for chloroplast functions and represent the source of the evolutionary history of these organisms. This study comprehensively analyzed the plastomes of 47 moss species belonging to 14 orders, focusing on their size, GC content, gene loss, gene content, synteny, and evolution. The findings revealed great differences among plastome sizes, with Takakia lepidozioides (Takakiopsida) and Funaria hygrometrica (Funariales) having the largest and smallest plastomes, respectively. Moss plastomes included 69 to 89 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 34 to 42 tRNA genes, resulting in the total number of genes in a plastome ranging between 115 and 138. Various genes have been lost from the plastomes of different moss species, with Atrichum angustatum lacking the highest number of genes. This study also examined plastome synteny and moss evolution using comparative genomics and repeat sequence analysis. The results demonstrated that synteny and similarity levels varied across the 47 moss examined species, with some exhibiting structure similarity and others displaying structural inversions. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches were used to construct a phylogenetic tree using 36 concatenated protein-coding genes, and the results revealed that the genera Sphagnum and Takakia are sister groups to the other mosses. Additionally, it was found that Tetraphidales, Polytrichales, Buxbaumiales, and Diphysciales are closely related. This research describes the evolutionary diversity of mosses and offers guidelines for future studies in this field. The findings also highlight the need for more investigations into the factors regulating plastome size variation in these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Rahmatullah Jan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Saleem Asif
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX, 77479, USA
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Nizwa, Oman.
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Purcell AM, Dijkstra P, Hungate BA, McMillen K, Schwartz E, van Gestel N. Rapid growth rate responses of terrestrial bacteria to field warming on the Antarctic Peninsula. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:2290-2302. [PMID: 37872274 PMCID: PMC10689830 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Ice-free terrestrial environments of the western Antarctic Peninsula are expanding and subject to colonization by new microorganisms and plants, which control biogeochemical cycling. Measuring growth rates of microbial populations and ecosystem carbon flux is critical for understanding how terrestrial ecosystems in Antarctica will respond to future warming. We implemented a field warming experiment in early (bare soil; +2 °C) and late (peat moss-dominated; +1.2 °C) successional glacier forefield sites on the western Antarctica Peninsula. We used quantitative stable isotope probing with H218O using intact cores in situ to determine growth rate responses of bacterial taxa to short-term (1 month) warming. Warming increased the growth rates of bacterial communities at both sites, even doubling the number of taxa exhibiting significant growth at the early site. Growth responses varied among taxa. Despite that warming induced a similar response for bacterial relative growth rates overall, the warming effect on ecosystem carbon fluxes was stronger at the early successional site-likely driven by increased activity of autotrophs which switched the ecosystem from a carbon source to a carbon sink. At the late-successional site, warming caused a significant increase in growth rate of many Alphaproteobacteria, but a weaker and opposite gross ecosystem productivity response that decreased the carbon sink-indicating that the carbon flux rates were driven more strongly by the plant communities. Such changes to bacterial growth and ecosystem carbon cycling suggest that the terrestrial Antarctic Peninsula can respond fast to increases in temperature, which can have repercussions for long-term elemental cycling and carbon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M Purcell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
| | - Paul Dijkstra
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Kelly McMillen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Egbert Schwartz
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Natasja van Gestel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- TTU Climate Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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8
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Roy P, Rutter A, Gainer A, Haack E, Zeeb BA. Phytotoxicity of weathered petroleum hydrocarbons in soil to boreal plant species. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117136. [PMID: 37717802 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Canada has extensive petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contamination in northern areas and the boreal forest region from historical oil and gas activities. Since the 2013 standardization of boreal forest species for plant toxicity testing in Canada, there has been a need to build the primary literature of the toxicity of weathered PHCs to these species. A series of toxicity experiments were carried out using fine-grained (<0.005-0.425 mm) background (100 total mg/kg total PHCs) and weathered contaminated soil (11,900 mg/kg total PHCs) collected from a contaminated site in northern Ontario, Canada. The PHC mixture in the contaminated site soil was characterized through Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Fractions, as indicated by the number equivalent normal straight-chain hydrocarbons (nC). The soil was highly contaminated with Fraction 2 (>nC10 to nC16) at 4790 mg/kg and Fraction 3 (>nC16 to nC34) at 4960 mg/kg. Five plant species (Elymus trachycaulus, Achillea millefolium, Picea mariana, Salix bebbiana, and Alnus viridis) were grown from seed in 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% relative contamination mixtures of the PHC-contaminated and background soil from the site over 2-6 weeks. All five species showed significant inhibition in shoot length, shoot weight, root length, and/or root weight (Kruskal-Wallis Tests: p < 0.05, df = 4.0). Measurements of 25% inhibitory concentrations (IC25) following PHC toxicity experiments revealed that S. bebbiana was most significantly impaired by the PHC-contaminated soil (410-990 mg/kg total PHCs), where it showed <35% germination. This study indicates that natural weathering of Fraction 2- and Fraction 3-concentrated soil did not eliminate phytotoxicity to boreal plant species. Furthermore, it builds on the limited existing literature for toxicity of PHCs on boreal plants and supports site remediation to existing Canadian provincial PHC guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prama Roy
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Allison Rutter
- School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Amy Gainer
- Clear-Site Solutions (formerly with Advisian/Worley Canada Services), 9807 83 Ave Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Haack
- Ecometrix Incorporated, 6800 Campobello Road, Mississauga, ON, L5N 2L8, Canada.
| | - Barbara A Zeeb
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, K7K 7B4, Canada.
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9
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Siwach A, Kaushal S, Sarma K, Baishya R. Interplay of moss cover and seasonal variation regulate soil physicochemical properties and net nitrogen mineralization rates in Central Himalayas, India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118839. [PMID: 37598496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Mosses (Class- Bryopsida) are vital to ecosystem dynamics in numerous biomes, although their effects on soil processes are poorly understood. The interplay of moss cover and seasonal variations in soil processes is still unclear in the Indian Central Himalayas. Therefore, we examined the seasonal variations in net nitrogen (N) mineralization rates and several soil properties under two ground covers (with and without moss cover). We used the ex-situ incubation technique to determine N mineralization rates (Rmin) and standard methodology for soil physical and chemical analysis. During the rainy season, the physical properties of the soil and its nutrients, apart from phosphorus, were higher under moss cover. The winter season, however, showed a different pattern, with soil properties exhibiting higher values in soils without moss cover. Ammonium concentrations were higher under moss cover, while nitrate concentrations were higher in soil without moss cover during rainy and winter seasons. The Rmin rates were higher in soil under moss cover, indicating that moss cover promotes N transformation. In contrast, Rmin rates were negative in soil without moss cover, indicating that N immobilization was dominant in N transformation under this ground cover during the rainy season. Our research shows that mosses positively impact the nutrient status and N mineralization rates in various temperate forest types. The seasonal patterns of soil properties are strongly influenced by soil temperature, moisture, and organic carbon. Therefore, we advocate the conservation of mosses and their integration into forest management plans for better ecosystem processes and services in the ecologically fragile Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Siwach
- Ecology and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Siddhartha Kaushal
- Ecology and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Kiranmay Sarma
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Ratul Baishya
- Ecology and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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10
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Nielsen CK, Elsgaard L, Jørgensen U, Lærke PE. Soil greenhouse gas emissions from drained and rewetted agricultural bare peat mesocosms are linked to geochemistry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165083. [PMID: 37391135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In view of climate considerations regarding the management of peatlands, there is a need to assess whether rewetting can mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and notably how site-specific soil-geochemistry will influence differences in emission magnitudes. However, there are inconsistent results regarding the correlation of soil properties with heterotrophic respiration (Rh) of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from bare peat. In this study, we determined 1) soil-, and site-specific geochemical components as drivers for emissions from Rh on five Danish fens and bogs, and 2) emission magnitudes under drained and rewetted conditions. For this, a mesocosm experiment was performed under equal exposure to climatic conditions and water table depths controlled to either -40 cm, or -5 cm. For the drained soils, we found that annual cumulative emissions, accounting for all three gases, were dominated by CO2, contributing with, on average, 99 % to a varying global warming potential (GWP) of 12.2-16.9 t CO2eq ha-1 yr-1. Rewetting lowered annual cumulative emissions from Rh by 3.2-5.1 t CO2eq ha-1 yr-1 for fens and bogs, respectively, despite a high variability of site-specific CH4 emissions, contributing with 0.3-3.4 t CO2 ha-1 yr-1 to the GWP. Overall, analyses using generalized additive models (GAM) showed that emission magnitudes were well explained by geochemical variables. Under drained conditions, significant soil-specific predictor variables for CO2 flux magnitudes were pH, phosphorus (P), and the soil substrate's relative water holding capacity (WHC). When rewetted, CO2 and CH4 emissions from Rh were affected by pH, WHC, as well as contents of P, total carbon and nitrogen. In conclusion, our results found the highest GHG reduction on fen peatlands, further highlighting that peat nutrient status and acidity, and the potential availability of alternative electron acceptors, might be used as proxies for prioritising peatland areas for GHG mitigation efforts by rewetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Nielsen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO, Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - L Elsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - U Jørgensen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO, Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - P E Lærke
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technology, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; CBIO, Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Denmark
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11
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Blume-Werry G, Dorrepaal E, Keuper F, Kummu M, Wild B, Weedon JT. Arctic rooting depth distribution influences modelled carbon emissions but cannot be inferred from aboveground vegetation type. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:502-514. [PMID: 37227127 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of roots throughout the soil drives depth-dependent plant-soil interactions and ecosystem processes, particularly in arctic tundra where plant biomass, is predominantly belowground. Vegetation is usually classified from aboveground, but it is unclear whether such classifications are suitable to estimate belowground attributes and their consequences, such as rooting depth distribution and its influence on carbon cycling. We performed a meta-analysis of 55 published arctic rooting depth profiles, testing for differences both between distributions based on aboveground vegetation types (Graminoid, Wetland, Erect-shrub, and Prostrate-shrub tundra) and between 'Root Profile Types' for which we defined three representative and contrasting clusters. We further analyzed potential impacts of these different rooting depth distributions on rhizosphere priming-induced carbon losses from tundra soils. Rooting depth distribution hardly differed between aboveground vegetation types but varied between Root Profile Types. Accordingly, modelled priming-induced carbon emissions were similar between aboveground vegetation types when they were applied to the entire tundra, but ranged from 7.2 to 17.6 Pg C cumulative emissions until 2100 between individual Root Profile Types. Variations in rooting depth distribution are important for the circumpolar tundra carbon-climate feedback but can currently not be inferred adequately from aboveground vegetation type classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesche Blume-Werry
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 981 07, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 981 07, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Frida Keuper
- BioEcoAgro Joint Research Unit, INRAE, F-02000, Barenton-Bugny, France
| | - Matti Kummu
- Water and Development Research Group, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Birgit Wild
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 18, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 114 18, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James T Weedon
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Systems Ecology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Lacroix EM, Aeppli M, Boye K, Brodie E, Fendorf S, Keiluweit M, Naughton HR, Noël V, Sihi D. Consider the Anoxic Microsite: Acknowledging and Appreciating Spatiotemporal Redox Heterogeneity in Soils and Sediments. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2023; 7:1592-1609. [PMID: 37753209 PMCID: PMC10519444 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions underlie essentially all biogeochemical cycles. Like most soil properties and processes, redox is spatiotemporally heterogeneous. However, unlike other soil features, redox heterogeneity has yet to be incorporated into mainstream conceptualizations of soil biogeochemistry. Anoxic microsites, the defining feature of redox heterogeneity in bulk oxic soils and sediments, are zones of oxygen depletion in otherwise oxic environments. In this review, we suggest that anoxic microsites represent a critical component of soil function and that appreciating anoxic microsites promises to advance our understanding of soil and sediment biogeochemistry. In sections 1 and 2, we define anoxic microsites and highlight their dynamic properties, specifically anoxic microsite distribution, redox gradient magnitude, and temporality. In section 3, we describe the influence of anoxic microsites on several key elemental cycles, organic carbon, nitrogen, iron, manganese, and sulfur. In section 4, we evaluate methods for identifying and characterizing anoxic microsites, and in section 5, we highlight past and current approaches to modeling anoxic microsites. Finally, in section 6, we suggest steps for incorporating anoxic microsites and redox heterogeneities more broadly into our understanding of soils and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Lacroix
- Institut
des Dynamiques de la Surface Terrestre (IDYST), Université de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department
of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Meret Aeppli
- Institut
d’ingénierie de l’environnement (IIE), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Boye
- Environmental
Geochemistry Group, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Eoin Brodie
- Lawrence
Berkeley Laboratory, Earth and Environmental
Sciences Area, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Scott Fendorf
- Department
of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Marco Keiluweit
- Institut
des Dynamiques de la Surface Terrestre (IDYST), Université de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hannah R. Naughton
- Lawrence
Berkeley Laboratory, Earth and Environmental
Sciences Area, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vincent Noël
- Environmental
Geochemistry Group, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Debjani Sihi
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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13
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Dudney J, Latimer AM, van Mantgem P, Zald H, Willing CE, Nesmith JCB, Cribbs J, Milano E. The energy-water limitation threshold explains divergent drought responses in tree growth, needle length, and stable isotope ratios. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4368-4382. [PMID: 37089078 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Predicted increases in extreme droughts will likely cause major shifts in carbon sequestration and forest composition. Although growth declines during drought are widely documented, an increasing number of studies have reported both positive and negative responses to the same drought. These divergent growth patterns may reflect thresholds (i.e., nonlinear responses) promoted by changes in the dominant climatic constraints on tree growth. Here we tested whether stemwood growth exhibited linear or nonlinear responses to temperature and precipitation and whether stemwood growth thresholds co-occurred with multiple thresholds in source and sink processes that limit tree growth. We extracted 772 tree cores, 1398 needle length records, and 1075 stable isotope samples from 27 sites across whitebark pine's (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) climatic niche in the Sierra Nevada. Our results indicated that a temperature threshold in stemwood growth occurred at 8.4°C (7.12-9.51°C; estimated using fall-spring maximum temperature). This threshold was significantly correlated with thresholds in foliar growth, as well as carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) stable isotope ratios, that emerged during drought. These co-occurring thresholds reflected the transition between energy- and water-limited tree growth (i.e., the E-W limitation threshold). This transition likely mediated carbon and nutrient cycling, as well as important differences in growth-defense trade-offs and drought adaptations. Furthermore, whitebark pine growing in energy-limited regions may continue to experience elevated growth in response to climate change. The positive effect of warming, however, may be offset by growth declines in water-limited regions, threatening the long-term sustainability of the recently listed whitebark pine species in the Sierra Nevada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Dudney
- Environmental Studies Program, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Andrew M Latimer
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Phillip van Mantgem
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Harold Zald
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Claire E Willing
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Cribbs
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Milano
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Sacramento, California, USA
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, Idaho, USA
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14
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Lucash MS, Marshall AM, Weiss SA, McNabb JW, Nicolsky DJ, Flerchinger GN, Link TE, Vogel JG, Scheller RM, Abramoff RZ, Romanovsky VE. Burning trees in frozen soil: Simulating fire, vegetation, soil, and hydrology in the boreal forests of Alaska. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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15
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Li Y, Fu C, Wang W, Zeng L, Tu C, Luo Y. An overlooked soil carbon pool in vegetated coastal ecosystems: National-scale assessment of soil organic carbon stocks in coastal shelter forests of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162823. [PMID: 36921854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Protection and restoration of vegetated coastal ecosystems provide opportunities to mitigate climate change. Coastal shelter forests as one of vegetated coastal ecosystems play vital role on sandy coasts protection, but less attention is paid on their soil organic carbon (OC) sequestration potential. Here, we provide the first national-scale assessment of the soil OC stocks, fractions, sources and accumulation rates from 48 sites of shelter forests and 74 sites of sandy beaches across 22° of latitude in China. We find that, compared with sandy beaches, shelter forest plantation achieves an average soil desalination rate of 92.0 % and reduces the soil pH by 1.3 units. The improved soil quality can facilitate OC sequestration leading to an increase of soil OC stock of 11.8 (0.60-64.2) MgC ha-1 in shelter forests. Particulate OC (POC) is a dominant OC fraction in both sandy beaches and shelter forests, but most sites are >80 % in shelter forests. The low δ13C values and higher C:N ratios, which are more regulated by climate and tree species, together with high POC proportions suggest a substantial contribution of plant-derived OC. Bayesian mixing model indicates that 71.8 (33.5-91.6)% of the soil OC is derived from local plant biomass. We estimate that soil OC stocks in Chinese shelter forests are 20.5 (7.44-79.7) MgC ha-1 and 4.53 ± 0.71 TgC in the top meter, with an accumulation rate of 45.0 (6.90 to 194.1) gC m-2 year-1 and 99.5 ± 44.9 GgC year-1. According to coastal shelter forest afforestation plan, additional 1.72 ± 0.27 TgC with a rate of 37.9 ± 17.1 GgC year-1 can be sequestrated in the future. Our findings suggest that construction of coastal shelter forests can be an effective solution to sequester more soil carbon in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Chuancheng Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, PR China; Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China; Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, PR China
| | - Lin Zeng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, PR China
| | - Chen Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Yongming Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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16
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Petro C, Carrell AA, Wilson RM, Duchesneau K, Noble-Kuchera S, Song T, Iversen CM, Childs J, Schwaner G, Chanton JP, Norby RJ, Hanson PJ, Glass JB, Weston DJ, Kostka JE. Climate drivers alter nitrogen availability in surface peat and decouple N 2 fixation from CH 4 oxidation in the Sphagnum moss microbiome. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3159-3176. [PMID: 36999440 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Peat mosses (Sphagnum spp.) are keystone species in boreal peatlands, where they dominate net primary productivity and facilitate the accumulation of carbon in thick peat deposits. Sphagnum mosses harbor a diverse assemblage of microbial partners, including N2 -fixing (diazotrophic) and CH4 -oxidizing (methanotrophic) taxa that support ecosystem function by regulating transformations of carbon and nitrogen. Here, we investigate the response of the Sphagnum phytobiome (plant + constituent microbiome + environment) to a gradient of experimental warming (+0°C to +9°C) and elevated CO2 (+500 ppm) in an ombrotrophic peatland in northern Minnesota (USA). By tracking changes in carbon (CH4 , CO2 ) and nitrogen (NH4 -N) cycling from the belowground environment up to Sphagnum and its associated microbiome, we identified a series of cascading impacts to the Sphagnum phytobiome triggered by warming and elevated CO2 . Under ambient CO2 , warming increased plant-available NH4 -N in surface peat, excess N accumulated in Sphagnum tissue, and N2 fixation activity decreased. Elevated CO2 offset the effects of warming, disrupting the accumulation of N in peat and Sphagnum tissue. Methane concentrations in porewater increased with warming irrespective of CO2 treatment, resulting in a ~10× rise in methanotrophic activity within Sphagnum from the +9°C enclosures. Warming's divergent impacts on diazotrophy and methanotrophy caused these processes to become decoupled at warmer temperatures, as evidenced by declining rates of methane-induced N2 fixation and significant losses of keystone microbial taxa. In addition to changes in the Sphagnum microbiome, we observed ~94% mortality of Sphagnum between the +0°C and +9°C treatments, possibly due to the interactive effects of warming on N-availability and competition from vascular plant species. Collectively, these results highlight the vulnerability of the Sphagnum phytobiome to rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, with significant implications for carbon and nitrogen cycling in boreal peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Petro
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alyssa A Carrell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel M Wilson
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Katherine Duchesneau
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sekou Noble-Kuchera
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tianze Song
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joanne Childs
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Geoff Schwaner
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Chanton
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Richard J Norby
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer B Glass
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joel E Kostka
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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17
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The metamicrobiome: key determinant of the homeostasis of nutrient recycling. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:183-195. [PMID: 36328807 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The metamicrobiome is an integrated concept to study carbon and nutrient recycling in ecosystems. Decomposition of plant-derived matter by free-living microbes and fire - two key recycling pathways - are highly sensitive to global change. Mutualistic associations of microbes with plants and animals strongly reduce this sensitivity. By solving a fundamental allometric trade-off between metabolic and homeostatic capacity, these mutualisms enable continued recycling of plant matter where and when conditions are unfavourable for the free-living microbiome. A diverse metamicrobiome - where multiple plant- and animal-associated microbiomes complement the free-living microbiome - thus enhances homeostasis of ecosystem recycling rates in variable environments. Research into metamicrobiome structure and functioning in ecosystems is therefore important for progress towards understanding environmental change.
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18
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Poppeliers SWM, Hefting M, Dorrepaal E, Weedon JT. Functional microbial ecology in arctic soils: the need for a year-round perspective. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6824434. [PMID: 36368693 PMCID: PMC9701097 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial ecology of arctic and sub-arctic soils is an important aspect of the global carbon cycle, due to the sensitivity of the large soil carbon stocks to ongoing climate warming. These regions are characterized by strong climatic seasonality, but the emphasis of most studies on the short vegetation growing season could potentially limit our ability to predict year-round ecosystem functions. We compiled a database of studies from arctic, subarctic, and boreal environments that include sampling of microbial community and functions outside the growing season. We found that for studies comparing across seasons, in most environments, microbial biomass and community composition vary intra-annually, with the spring thaw period often identified by researchers as the most dynamic time of year. This seasonality of microbial communities will have consequences for predictions of ecosystem function under climate change if it results in: seasonality in process kinetics of microbe-mediated functions; intra-annual variation in the importance of different (a)biotic drivers; and/or potential temporal asynchrony between climate change-related perturbations and their corresponding effects. Future research should focus on (i) sampling throughout the entire year; (ii) linking these multi-season measures of microbial community composition with corresponding functional or physiological measurements to elucidate the temporal dynamics of the links between them; and (iii) identifying dominant biotic and abiotic drivers of intra-annual variation in different ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne W M Poppeliers
- Corresponding author: Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - Mariet Hefting
- Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umea University, SE-981 07, Abisko, Sweden
| | - James T Weedon
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Peng R, Liu H, Anenkhonov OA, Sandanov DV, Korolyuk AY, Shi L, Xu C, Dai J, Wang L. Tree growth is connected with distribution and warming-induced degradation of permafrost in southern Siberia. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5243-5253. [PMID: 35652259 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemiboreal and boreal forests growing at the southern margin of the permafrost distribution are vulnerable to climate warming. However, how climate warming threatens the growth of dominant tree species that are distributed on permafrost remains to be determined, particularly in synchrony with warming-induced permafrost degradation. Tree growth in the permafrost region of southern Siberia was hypothesized to be highly sensitive to temperature increasing and warming-induced permafrost degradation. To test this hypothesis, we sampled the tree ring width of 535 trees of dominant species, larch (including Larix gmelinii and L. sibirica) and white birch (Betula platyphylla), in ten hemiboreal to boreal forest plots within different permafrost zones. The relationships between the tree ring basal area index (BAI) and temperature, precipitation, and the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) were compared among plots located in two permafrost zones. In the isolated permafrost zone, white birch grows better than larch and is not drought-stressed (p < .05). We suggest that the deep-rooted white birch benefits from the water from thawing permafrost, while the growth of the shallow-rooted larch is stressed by drought. In the sporadic discontinuous permafrost zone, both white birch and larch benefited from permafrost melting, but the sensitivity of larch growth to PDSI is still significant (p < .05), indicating drought is still an important climatic factor limiting the growth of larch. Our results imply that the permafrost degradation caused by climate warming affects tree growth by creating the root layer additional water source. In the future, it is necessary to focus on monitoring permafrost degradation to better predict forest dynamics at the southern margin of the permafrost distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Peng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute of Earth System Science, PKU Saihanba Station and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute of Earth System Science, PKU Saihanba Station and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Oleg A Anenkhonov
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - Denis V Sandanov
- Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - Andrey Yu Korolyuk
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Liang Shi
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute of Earth System Science, PKU Saihanba Station and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyang Xu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute of Earth System Science, PKU Saihanba Station and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyu Dai
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute of Earth System Science, PKU Saihanba Station and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute of Earth System Science, PKU Saihanba Station and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
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20
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Viitamäki S, Pessi IS, Virkkala AM, Niittynen P, Kemppinen J, Eronen-Rasimus E, Luoto M, Hultman J. The activity and functions of soil microbial communities in the Finnish sub-Arctic vary across vegetation types. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:fiac079. [PMID: 35776963 PMCID: PMC9341781 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to climate change, increased microbial activity in high-latitude soils may lead to higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, microbial GHG production and consumption mechanisms in tundra soils are not thoroughly understood. To investigate how the diversity and functional potential of bacterial and archaeal communities vary across vegetation types and soil layers, we analyzed 116 soil metatranscriptomes from 73 sites in the Finnish sub-Arctic. Meadow soils were characterized by higher pH and lower soil organic matter (SOM) and carbon/nitrogen ratio. By contrast, dwarf shrub-dominated ecosystems had higher SOM and lower pH. Although Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Planctomycetes were dominant in all communities, there were significant differences at the genus level between vegetation types; plant polymer-degrading groups were more active in shrub-dominated soils than in meadows. Given that climate-change scenarios predict the expansion of shrubs at high latitudes, our results indicate that tundra soil microbial communities harbor potential decomposers of increased plant litter, which may affect the rate of carbon turnover in tundra soils. Additionally, transcripts of methanotrophs were detected in the mineral layer of all soils, which may moderate methane fluxes. This study provides new insights into possible shifts in tundra microbial diversity and activity due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirja Viitamäki
- Department of Microbiology, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Igor S Pessi
- Department of Microbiology, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Virkkala
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, MA, 02540-1644, USA
| | - Pekka Niittynen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Kemppinen
- Geography Research Unit, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eeva Eronen-Rasimus
- Department of Microbiology, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miska Luoto
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Hultman
- Department of Microbiology, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Soil Ecosystems Group, Natural Resources Institute Finland, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Dissolved Organic Carbon Mobilization Across a Climate Transect of Mesic Boreal Forests Is Explained by Air Temperature and Snowpack Duration. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Foley KM, Beard KH, Atwood TB, Waring BG. Herbivory changes soil microbial communities and greenhouse gas fluxes in a high-latitude wetland. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:127-136. [PMID: 33751165 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbivory can have strong impacts on greenhouse gas fluxes in high-latitude ecosystems. For example, in the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta in western Alaska, migratory goose grazing affects the magnitude of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes. However, the underlying drivers of this relationship are unclear, as few studies systematically tease apart the processes by which herbivores influences soil biogeochemistry. To examine these mechanisms in detail, we conducted a laboratory incubation experiment to quantify changes in greenhouse gas fluxes in response to three parameters altered by herbivores in situ: temperature, soil moisture content, and nutrient inputs. These treatments were applied to soils collected in grazing lawns and nearby ungrazed habitat, allowing us to assess how variation in microbial community structure influenced observed responses. We found pronounced differences in both fungal and prokaryotic community composition between grazed and ungrazed areas. In the laboratory incubation experiment, CO2 and CH4 fluxes increased with temperature, soil moisture, and goose fecal addition, suggesting that grazing-related changes in the soil abiotic environment may enhance soil C losses. Yet, these abiotic drivers were insufficient to explain variation in fluxes between soils with and without prior grazing. Differences in trace gas fluxes between grazed and ungrazed areas may result both from herbivore-induced shifts in abiotic parameters and grazing-related alterations in microbial community structure. Our findings suggest that relationships among herbivores and soil microbial communities could mediate carbon-climate feedbacks in rapidly changing high-latitude ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Foley
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5305, USA
| | - Karen H Beard
- Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5230, USA
| | - Trisha B Atwood
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5210, USA
| | - Bonnie G Waring
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322-5305, USA.
- Current address: Grantham Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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23
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Wu D, Liu D, Wang T, Ding J, He Y, Ciais P, Zhang G, Piao S. Carbon turnover times shape topsoil carbon difference between Tibetan Plateau and Arctic tundra. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1698-1704. [PMID: 36654304 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Arctic permafrost constitute two large reservoirs of organic carbon, but processes which control carbon accumulation within the surface soil layer of these areas would differ due to the interplay of climate, soil and vegetation type. Here, we synthesized currently available soil carbon data to show that mean organic carbon density in the topsoil (0-10 cm) in TP grassland (3.12 ± 0.52 kg C m-2) is less than half of that in Arctic tundra (6.70 ± 1.94 kg C m-2). Such difference is primarily attributed to their difference in radiocarbon-inferred soil carbon turnover times (547 years for TP grassland versus 1609 years for Arctic tundra) rather than to their marginal difference in topsoil carbon inputs. Our findings highlight the importance of improving regional-specific soil carbon turnover and its controlling mechanisms across permafrost affected zones in ecosystem models to fully represent carbon-climate feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Wu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinzhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yujie He
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gengxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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24
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Evaluating the Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio for Assessing Fire Severity Using Sentinel-2 Imagery in Northeast Siberian Larch Forests. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fire severity is a key fire regime characteristic with high ecological and carbon cycle relevance. Prior studies on boreal forest fires primarily focused on mapping severity in North American boreal forests. However, the dominant tree species and their impacts on fire regimes are different between North American and Siberian boreal forests. Here, we used Sentinel-2 satellite imagery to test the potential for using the most common spectral index for assessing fire severity, the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR), over two fire scars and 37 field plots in Northeast Siberian larch-dominated (Larix cajanderi) forests. These field plots were sampled into two different forest types: (1) dense young stands and (2) open mature stands. For this evaluation, the dNBR was compared to field measurements of the Geometrically structured Composite Burn Index (GeoCBI) and burn depth. We found a linear relationship between dNBR and GeoCBI using data from all forest types (R2 = 0.42, p < 0.001). The dNBR performed better to predict GeoCBI in open mature larch plots (R2 = 0.56, p < 0.001). The GeoCBI provides a holistic field assessment of fire severity yet is dominated by the effect of fire on vegetation. No significant relationships were found between GeoCBI components (overall and substrate stratum) and burn depth within our fires (p > 0.05 in all cases). However, the dNBR showed some potential as a predictor for burn depth, especially in the dense larch forests (R2 = 0.63, p < 0.001). In line with previous studies in boreal North America, the dNBR correlated reasonably well with field data of aboveground fire severity and showed some skills as a predictor of burn depth. More research is needed to refine spaceborne fire severity assessments in the larch forests of Northeast Siberia, including assessments of additional fire scars and integration of dNBR with other geospatial proxies of fire severity.
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25
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Liu D, Zheng D, Xu Y, Chen Y, Wang H, Wang K, Liao X, Chen C, Xia J, Jin S. Changes in the stoichiometry of Castanopsis fargesii along an elevation gradient in a Chinese subtropical forest. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11553. [PMID: 34131527 PMCID: PMC8176907 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevation is important for determining the nutrient biogeochemical cycle in forest ecosystems. Changes in the ecological stoichiometry of nutrients along an elevation gradient can be used to predict how an element cycle responds in the midst of global climate change. We investigated changes in concentrations of and relationships between nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in the leaves and roots of the dominant tree species, Castanopsis fargesii, along an elevation gradient (from 500 to 1,000 m above mean sea level) in a subtropical natural forest in China. We analyzed correlations between C. fargesii's above-ground biomass and stoichiometry with environmental factors. We also analyzed the soil and plant stoichiometry of this C. fargesii population. Our results showed that leaf N decreased while leaf K and Ca increased at higher elevations. Meanwhile, leaf P showed no relationship with elevation. The leaf N:P indicated that C. fargesii was limited by N. Elevation gradients contributed 46.40% of the total variance of ecological stoichiometry when assessing environmental factors. Our research may provide a theoretical basis for the biogeochemical cycle along with better forest management and fertilization for this C. fargesii population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dexiang Zheng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Xu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ku Wang
- Department of Geography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Liao
- Department of Geography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changxiong Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiangjiang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofei Jin
- Department of Geography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Holland-Moritz H, Stuart JEM, Lewis LR, Miller SN, Mack MC, Ponciano JM, McDaniel SF, Fierer N. The bacterial communities of Alaskan mosses and their contributions to N 2-fixation. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:53. [PMID: 33622403 PMCID: PMC7903681 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosses in high-latitude ecosystems harbor diverse bacterial taxa, including N2-fixers which are key contributors to nitrogen dynamics in these systems. Yet the relative importance of moss host species, and environmental factors, in structuring these microbial communities and their N2-fixing potential remains unclear. We studied 26 boreal and tundra moss species across 24 sites in Alaska, USA, from 61 to 69° N. We used cultivation-independent approaches to characterize the variation in moss-associated bacterial communities as a function of host species identity and site characteristics. We also measured N2-fixation rates via 15N2 isotopic enrichment and identified potential N2-fixing bacteria using available literature and genomic information. RESULTS Host species identity and host evolutionary history were both highly predictive of moss microbiome composition, highlighting strong phylogenetic coherence in these microbial communities. Although less important, light availability and temperature also influenced composition of the moss microbiome. Finally, we identified putative N2-fixing bacteria specific to some moss hosts, including potential N2-fixing bacteria outside well-studied cyanobacterial clades. CONCLUSIONS The strong effect of host identity on moss-associated bacterial communities demonstrates mosses' utility for understanding plant-microbe interactions in non-leguminous systems. Our work also highlights the likely importance of novel bacterial taxa to N2-fixation in high-latitude ecosystems. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Holland-Moritz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Julia E. M. Stuart
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and the Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Lily R. Lewis
- Provost’s Office, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Samantha N. Miller
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and the Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Michelle C. Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and the Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | | | | | - Noah Fierer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
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27
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Gong L, Chen X, Zhang X, Yang X, Cai Y. Schrenk spruce leaf litter decomposition varies with snow depth in the Tianshan Mountains. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19556. [PMID: 33177573 PMCID: PMC7658357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal snowfall, a sensitive climate factor and the main form of precipitation in arid areas, is important for forest material circulation and surface processes and profoundly impacts litter decomposition and element turnover. However, how the thickness and duration of snow cover affect litter decomposition and element release remain unclear. Thus, to understand the effects of snow on litter decomposition, fiber degradation and their relationships with soil properties, a field litterbag experiment was conducted under no, thin, medium, and thick snow cover in a Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana) forest gap in the Tianshan Mountains. The snow cover period exhibited markedly lower rates of decomposition than the snow-free period. The litter lignin, cellulose and N concentrations in the pregrowing season and middle growing season were significantly higher than those in the deep-freeze period, and the litter C and P concentrations were significantly higher during the onset of the freeze-thaw period, deep-freeze period and thaw period than in the late growing season. The litter cellulose, C and N concentrations were significantly higher under thick snow cover than under no snow cover in most stages. Moreover, the correlations among litter mass, cellulose, lignin/cellulose and soil bulk density varied with snow cover depth. The temporal variations and snow cover depth affected the decomposition process significantly. The former affected lignin, cellulose and P, and the latter affected cellulose, C and N and changed the litter-soil properties relationship. These differences provide references for understanding how winter conditions affect material cycling and other ecological processes under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gong
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Xueni Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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28
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Olid C, Klaminder J, Monteux S, Johansson M, Dorrepaal E. Decade of experimental permafrost thaw reduces turnover of young carbon and increases losses of old carbon, without affecting the net carbon balance. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5886-5898. [PMID: 32681580 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thicker snowpacks and their insulation effects cause winter-warming and invoke thaw of permafrost ecosystems. Temperature-dependent decomposition of previously frozen carbon (C) is currently considered one of the strongest feedbacks between the Arctic and the climate system, but the direction and magnitude of the net C balance remains uncertain. This is because winter effects are rarely integrated with C fluxes during the snow-free season and because predicting the net C balance from both surface processes and thawing deep layers remains challenging. In this study, we quantified changes in the long-term net C balance (net ecosystem production) in a subarctic peat plateau subjected to 10 years of experimental winter-warming. By combining 210 Pb and 14 Cdating of peat cores with peat growth models, we investigated thawing effects on year-round primary production and C losses through respiration and leaching from both shallow and deep peat layers. Winter-warming and permafrost thaw had no effect on the net C balance, but strongly affected gross C fluxes. Carbon losses through decomposition from the upper peat were reduced as thawing of permafrost induced surface subsidence and subsequent waterlogging. However, primary production was also reduced likely due to a strong decline in bryophytes cover while losses from the old C pool almost tripled, caused by the deepened active layer. Our findings highlight the need to estimate long-term responses of whole-year production and decomposition processes to thawing, both in shallow and deep soil layers, as they may contrast and lead to unexpected net effects on permafrost C storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Olid
- Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Klaminder
- Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Monteux
- Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareta Johansson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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29
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Zhao Q, Guo J, Shu M, Wang P, Hu S. Impacts of drought and nitrogen enrichment on leaf nutrient resorption and root nutrient allocation in four Tibetan plant species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138106. [PMID: 32222509 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant nutrient resorption, a process by which plant withdraws nutrients from senescing structures to developing tissues, can significantly affect plant growth, litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. Global change factors, such as nitrogen (N) deposition and altered precipitation, may mediate plant nutrient resorption and allocation. The ongoing global change is accompanied with increased N inputs and drought frequency in many regions. However, the interactive effects of increased N availability and drought on plant nutrient-responses remain largely unclear. In a pot experiment, we examined the impacts of N enrichment and drought on leaf N and phosphorous (P) resorption and root nutrient allocation in four species from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, including two graminoid species (Kobresia capillifolia and Elymus nutans) and two forb species (Delphinium kamaonense and Aster diplostephioides). Our results showed divergent resorption patterns within the two functional groups. E. nutans and D. kamaonense showed stronger N resorption than K. capillifolia and A. diplostephioides. N addition did not alter their N resorption efficiencies, but decreased the N resorption proficiencies of the former two species. In contrast, drought did not affect N or P resorption proficiencies, but decreased N resorption efficiency of K. capillifolia. Besides, N addition facilitated P resorption in K. capillifolia and D. kamaonense, and drought did the same in A. diplostephioides, suggesting that P resorption plays an important role in nutrient conservation in these species. Moreover, species with stronger N resorption allocated more biomass C or N to aboveground and enhanced their litter quality under N enrichment, while species with weaker resorption allocated more biomass C and/or N to belowground part under drought. Together, these results show that the responses of nutrient resorption and allocation to N enrichment and drought are highly species-specific. Future studies should take these differential responses into consideration to better predict litter decomposition and ecosystem nutrient cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhou Zhao
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Meng Shu
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Ecosystem Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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30
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Chen Q, Niu B, Hu Y, Luo T, Zhang G. Warming and increased precipitation indirectly affect the composition and turnover of labile-fraction soil organic matter by directly affecting vegetation and microorganisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136787. [PMID: 31982765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Global warming accompanied by precipitation changes impacts soil carbon sequestration. A three-year field manipulation experiment with warming (+2 °C above ambient temperature) and increased precipitation (+15% and +30% above ambient precipitation) was conducted in an alpine grassland to investigate the response of soil organic matter (SOM) to future climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Labile-fraction SOM (LF-SOM) fingerprints were characterized by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/tandem-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS/MS), and organic compounds in LF-SOM were used as indicators to quantify the contributions of vegetation input and microbial degradation to LF-SOM transformation. Increased precipitation promoted LF-SOM accumulation, which were mainly due to the positive effect of increased precipitation on vegetation productivity. Plant-derived compounds in LF-SOM (including lignin, long-chain alkyl compounds, polysaccharides and phenols) were more sensitive to increasing soil moisture than microbial-derived (including short-chain alkyl compounds, N compounds and chitin) and aromatic-derived compounds (including aromatics and polyaromatics). In contrast, warming alone intensified the effect of drought on the alpine grassland, which had negative effects on both vegetation and microorganisms and reduced LF-SOM. Warming plus increased precipitation not only alleviated the water loss caused by warming but also increased soil temperature, which was more favorable for the growth of microorganisms. This was reflected in the increase in microbial-derived compounds in LF-SOM with increasing soil temperature, which contributed to LF-SOM degradation. Aromatic-derived compounds, as refractory compounds in soil, showed no significant response to either warming or increased precipitation treatments. Acidobacteria (approximately 25%) and Actinobacteria (approximately 20%), as the dominant soil bacterial communities in the alpine grassland, were significantly correlated with plant-derived compounds. At the same time, there were significant correlations between Proteobacteria and microbial-derived compounds, as well as between Firmicutes and aromatic-derived compounds (relative abundance). Under future climate change, microbial activity will increase as temperature increases, which will promote LF-SOM degradation only if precipitation also increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology (LAE), CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Yilun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Tianxiang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gengxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology (LAE), CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Lindborg T, Rydberg J, Andersson E, Löfgren A, Lindborg E, Saetre P, Sohlenius G, Berglund S, Kautsky U, Laudon H. A carbon mass-balance budget for a periglacial catchment in West Greenland - Linking the terrestrial and aquatic systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134561. [PMID: 31818588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to have far reaching consequences for the mobility of carbon in arctic landscapes. On a regional scale, carbon cycling is highly dependent on interactions between terrestrial and aquatic parts of a catchment. Despite this, studies that integrate the terrestrial and aquatic systems and study entire catchments using site-specific data are rare. In this work, we use data partly published by Lindborg et al. (2016a) to calculate a whole-catchment carbon mass-balance budget for a periglacial catchment in West Greenland. Our budget shows that terrestrial net primary production is the main input of carbon (99% of input), and that most carbon leaves the system through soil respiration (90% of total export/storage). The largest carbon pools are active layer soils (53% of total carbon stock or 13 kg C m-2), permafrost soils (30% of total carbon stock or 7.6 kg C m-2) and lake sediments (13% of total carbon stock or 10 kg C m-2). Hydrological transport of carbon from the terrestrial to aquatic system is lower than in wetter climates, but the annual input of 4100 kg C yr-1 (or 3.5 g C m-2 yr-1) that enters the lake via runoff is still three times larger than the eolian input of terrestrial carbon. Due to the dry conditions, the hydrological export of carbon from the catchment is limited (5% of aquatic export/storage or 0.1% of total export/storage). Instead, CO2 evasion from the lake surface and sediment burial accounts for 57% and 38% of aquatic export/storage, respectively (or 0.8% and 0.5% of total export/storage), and Two-Boat Lake acts as a net source of carbon to the atmosphere. The limited export of carbon to downstream water bodies make our study system different from wetter arctic environments, where hydrological transport is an important export pathway for carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Lindborg
- Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Box 3091, SE-169 03 Solna, Sweden; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Rydberg
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Eva Andersson
- Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Box 3091, SE-169 03 Solna, Sweden
| | - Anders Löfgren
- EcoAnalytica, Slalomvägen 28, SE-129 49 Hägersten, Sweden
| | - Emma Lindborg
- Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Box 3091, SE-169 03 Solna, Sweden
| | - Peter Saetre
- Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Box 3091, SE-169 03 Solna, Sweden
| | - Gustav Sohlenius
- Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU), Box 670, SE-751 28 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sten Berglund
- Hydroresearch AB, St. Marknadsvägen 15, SE-183 34 Täby, Sweden
| | - Ulrik Kautsky
- Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB), Box 3091, SE-169 03 Solna, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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Marty C, Piquette J, Morin H, Bussières D, Thiffault N, Houle D, Bradley RL, Simpson MJ, Ouimet R, Paré MC. Nine years of in situ soil warming and topography impact the temperature sensitivity and basal respiration rate of the forest floor in a Canadian boreal forest. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226909. [PMID: 31877170 PMCID: PMC6932772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The forest floor of boreal forest stores large amounts of organic C that may react to a warming climate and increased N deposition. It is therefore crucial to assess the impact of these factors on the temperature sensitivity of this C pool to help predict future soil CO2 emissions from boreal forest soils to the atmosphere. In this study, soil warming (+2-4°C) and canopy N addition (CNA; +0.30-0.35 kg·N·ha-1·yr-1) were replicated along a topographic gradient (upper, back and lower slope) in a boreal forest in Quebec, Canada. After nine years of treatment, the forest floor was collected in each plot, and its organic C composition was characterized through solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Forest floor samples were incubated at four temperatures (16, 24, 32 and 40°C) and respiration rates (RR) measured to assess the temperature sensitivity of forest floor RR (Q10 = e10k) and basal RR (B). Both soil warming and CNA had no significant effect on forest floor chemistry (e.g., C, N, Ca and Mg content, amount of soil organic matter, pH, chemical functional groups). The NMR analyses did not show evidence of significant changes in the forest floor organic C quality. Nonetheless, a significant effect of soil warming on both the Q10 of RR and B was observed. On average, B was 72% lower and Q10 45% higher in the warmed, versus the control plots. This result implies that forest floor respiration will more strongly react to changes in soil temperature in a future warmer climate. CNA had no significant effect on the measured soil and respiration parameters, and no interaction effects with warming. In contrast, slope position had a significant effect on forest floor organic C quality. Upper slope plots had higher soil alkyl C:O-alkyl C ratios and lower B values than those in the lower slope, across all different treatments. This result likely resulted from a relative decrease in the labile C fraction in the upper slope, characterized by lower moisture levels. Our results point towards higher temperature sensitivity of RR under warmer conditions, accompanied by an overall down-regulation of RR at low temperatures (lower B). Since soil C quantity and quality were unaffected by the nine years of warming, the observed patterns could result from microbial adaptations to warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Marty
- Laboratoire d’écologie végétale et animale, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - Joanie Piquette
- Laboratoire d’écologie végétale et animale, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - Hubert Morin
- Laboratoire d’écologie végétale et animale, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Bussières
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
| | - Nelson Thiffault
- Centre Canadien sur la fibre de bois, Service canadien des forêts, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel Houle
- Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert L. Bradley
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Myrna J. Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rock Ouimet
- Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Maxime C. Paré
- Laboratoire d’écologie végétale et animale, Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada
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Sanders T, Fiencke C, Hüpeden J, Pfeiffer EM, Spieck E. Cold Adapted Nitrosospira sp.: A Potential Crucial Contributor of Ammonia Oxidation in Cryosols of Permafrost-Affected Landscapes in Northeast Siberia. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E699. [PMID: 31847402 PMCID: PMC6955795 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Permafrost-affected landscape soils are rich in organic matter and contain a high fraction of organic nitrogen, but much of this organic matter remains inaccessible due to nitrogen limitation. Microbial nitrification is a key process in the nitrogen cycle, controlling the availability of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) such as ammonium and nitrate. In this study, we investigate the microbial diversity of canonical nitrifiers and their potential nitrifying activity in the active layer of different Arctic cryosols in the Lena River Delta in North-East Siberia. These cryosols are located on Samoylov Island, which has two geomorphological landscapes with mineral soils in the modern floodplain and organic-rich soils in the low-centered polygonal tundra of the Holocene river terrace. Microcosm incubations show that the highest potential ammonia oxidation rates are found in low organic soils, and the rates depend on organic matter content and quality, vegetation cover, and water content. As shown by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, nitrifiers represented 0.6% to 6.2% of the total microbial community. More than 50% of the nitrifiers belonged to the genus Nitrosospira. Based on PCR amoA analysis, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were found in nearly all soil types, whereas ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were only detected in low-organic soils. In cultivation-based approaches, mainly Nitrosospira-like AOB were enriched and characterized as psychrotolerant, with temperature optima slightly above 20 °C. This study suggests a ubiquitous distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (bacteria and archaea) in permafrost-affected landscapes of Siberia with cold-adapted AOB, especially of the genus Nitrosospira, as potentially crucial ammonia oxidizers in the cryosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Sanders
- Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Institut für Küstenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Claudia Fiencke
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Bodenkunde, Allende-Platz 2, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (C.F.); (E.M.P.)
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hüpeden
- Universität Hamburg, Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Maria Pfeiffer
- Universität Hamburg, Institut für Bodenkunde, Allende-Platz 2, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (C.F.); (E.M.P.)
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, Universität Hamburg, Allende-Platz 2, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Spieck
- Universität Hamburg, Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; (J.H.); (E.S.)
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Wang F, Gou X, Zhang F, Wang Y, Yu A, Zhang J, Fonti P, Liu J. Variations in leaf traits of Juniperus przewalskii from an extremely arid and cold environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:434-443. [PMID: 31279190 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
How leaf traits vary with environmental and climatic variables in cold and arid environments is an essential issue in environmental ecology. Here, we analyzed the variations in leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) in Qilian juniper (Juniperus przewalskii Kom.) growing in 14 environmentally different plots on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that the N and P concentrations, N:P ratio and LDMC of Qilian juniper were 10.89 mg.g-1, 1.04 mg.g-1, 10.80 and 483.06 mg.g-1, respectively. The spatial coefficients of the variations in leaf N and P stoichiometry were significantly higher than the seasonal ones, and the correlations of leaf N and P concentrations with spatial variables were stronger than their correlations with the season. During the growing season, only the leaf N concentration and N:P ratio significantly increased. Soil nutrients were highly positively significantly correlated with leaf P concentrations but negatively correlated with the N:P ratio and LDMC. However, leaf N concentrations showed no significant correlations with soil nutrients. We suggest that the effects of temperature on the N concentration and LDMC were stronger than the effects of drought, while those on the P concentration and N:P ratio were weaker. Drought reduced leaf N and P concentrations and increased the N:P ratio and LDMC. In the arid region, with an increasing mean annual temperature (MAT), leaf N concentration significantly decreased, and LDMC significantly increased. In the semi-arid region, as MAT increased, leaf N and P concentrations significantly increased and LDMC and the N:P ratio significantly decreased. These opposite results supported the growth rate hypothesis that plant N and P concentrations increase while the N:P ratio and LDMC decrease as the growth rate increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaohua Gou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Fen Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ailing Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Junzhou Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Forest Dynamics, Landscape Dynamics, and Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Jianguo Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Blume-Werry G, Milbau A, Teuber LM, Johansson M, Dorrepaal E. Dwelling in the deep - strongly increased root growth and rooting depth enhance plant interactions with thawing permafrost soil. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1328-1339. [PMID: 31074867 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate-warming-induced permafrost thaw exposes large amounts of carbon and nitrogen in soil at considerable depths, below the seasonally thawing active layer. The extent to which plant roots can reach and interact with these hitherto detached, deep carbon and nitrogen stores remains unknown. We aimed to quantify how permafrost thaw affects root dynamics across soil depths and plant functional types compared with above-ground abundance, and potential consequences for plant-soil interactions. A decade of experimental permafrost thaw strongly increased total root length and growth in the active layer, and deep roots invaded the newly thawed permafrost underneath. Root litter input to soil across all depths was 10 times greater with permafrost thaw. Root growth timing was unaffected by experimental permafrost thaw but peaked later in deeper soil, reflecting the seasonally receding thaw front. Deep-rooting species could sequester 15 N added at the base of the ambient active layer in October, which was after root growth had ceased. Deep soil organic matter that has long been locked up in permafrost is thus no longer detached from plant processes upon thaw. Whether via nutrient uptake, carbon storage, or rhizosphere priming, plant root interactions with thawing permafrost soils may feed back on our climate both positively and negatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesche Blume-Werry
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 981 07, Abisko, Sweden
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ann Milbau
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 981 07, Abisko, Sweden
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest INBO, Havenlaan 88, Bus 73, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurenz M Teuber
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 981 07, Abisko, Sweden
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margareta Johansson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Solvegatan 12, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 981 07, Abisko, Sweden
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Chen R, Ran J, Huang H, Dong L, Sun Y, Ji M, Hu W, Yao S, Lu J, Gong H, Xie S, Du Q, Hou Q, Niklas KJ, Deng J. Life history strategies drive size‐dependent biomass allocation patterns of dryland ephemerals and shrubs. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jinzhi Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Longwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Mingfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Weigang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Shuran Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jingli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Haiyang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Shubin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Qiajun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Qingqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Karl J. Niklas
- Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Jianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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37
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Qi Y, Wei W, Chen C, Chen L. Plant root-shoot biomass allocation over diverse biomes: A global synthesis. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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38
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Nave L, Marín-Spiotta E, Ontl T, Peters M, Swanston C. Soil carbon management. GLOBAL CHANGE AND FOREST SOILS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63998-1.00011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Zhao Z, Zhang X, Dong S, Wu Y, Liu S, Su X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Tang L. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks in alpine ecosystems of Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve in dry China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 191:40. [PMID: 30593592 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve (AMNNR), characterized by complex topography, is located on the northern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) are critically important for carbon and nitrogen sequestration in dry alpine ecosystems of the AMNNR, which is a "natural laboratory" for assessing the carbon and nitrogen storage without human disturbance. We explored the stocks of SOC and TN in soils of different dry alpine ecosystems by sampling 23 sites across the AMNNR during 2013. The results showed that the SOC and TN stocks of AMNNR varied significantly with ecosystem types. The SOC stocks of 0-15 cm were highest in the alpine wet meadow (7.96 kg/m2), followed by alpine steppe (2.63 kg/m2). The stocks of SOC and TN in 0-5 and 5-10 cm soils of alpine wet meadow were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in the soils of other dry alpine ecosystems. In the whole AMNNR, total storage of SOC and TN were approximately 80.97 and 4.48 Tg, 34.25% of SOC and 24.01% of TN were stored in the alpine steppe, 21.51% of SOC and 26.01% of TN were stored in the alpine scrub, the largest ecosystem in the AMNNR. Our findings suggested it is important to protect the soil and vegetation of the dry alpine ecosystems, particularly the alpine wet meadow and alpine scrub to promote the carbon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99, Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yu Wu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xukun Su
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xuexia Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lin Tang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, XinJieKouWai St., HaiDian District, Beijing, 100875, China
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Wang S, Zhuang Q, Lähteenoja O, Draper FC, Cadillo-Quiroz H. Potential shift from a carbon sink to a source in Amazonian peatlands under a changing climate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12407-12412. [PMID: 30455319 PMCID: PMC6298090 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801317115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amazonian peatlands store a large amount of soil organic carbon (SOC), and its fate under a future changing climate is unknown. Here, we use a process-based peatland biogeochemistry model to quantify the carbon accumulation for peatland and nonpeatland ecosystems in the Pastaza-Marañon foreland basin (PMFB) in the Peruvian Amazon from 12,000 y before present to AD 2100. Model simulations indicate that warming accelerates peat SOC loss, while increasing precipitation accelerates peat SOC accumulation at millennial time scales. The uncertain parameters and spatial variation of climate are significant sources of uncertainty to modeled peat carbon accumulation. Under warmer and presumably wetter conditions over the 21st century, SOC accumulation rate in the PMFB slows down to 7.9 (4.3-12.2) g⋅C⋅m-2⋅y-1 from the current rate of 16.1 (9.1-23.7) g⋅C⋅m-2⋅y-1, and the region may turn into a carbon source to the atmosphere at -53.3 (-66.8 to -41.2) g⋅C⋅m-2⋅y-1 (negative indicates source), depending on the level of warming. Peatland ecosystems show a higher vulnerability than nonpeatland ecosystems, as indicated by the ratio of their soil carbon density changes (ranging from 3.9 to 5.8). This is primarily due to larger peatlands carbon stocks and more dramatic responses of their aerobic and anaerobic decompositions in comparison with nonpeatland ecosystems under future climate conditions. Peatland and nonpeatland soils in the PMFB may lose up to 0.4 (0.32-0.52) Pg⋅C by AD 2100 with the largest loss from palm swamp. The carbon-dense Amazonian peatland may switch from a current carbon sink into a source in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Wang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Qianlai Zhuang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907;
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Outi Lähteenoja
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281
| | - Frederick C Draper
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
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Andrieux B, Beguin J, Bergeron Y, Grondin P, Paré D. Drivers of postfire soil organic carbon accumulation in the boreal forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4797-4815. [PMID: 29963722 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of soil carbon (C) is regulated by a complex interplay between abiotic and biotic factors. Our study aimed to identify the main drivers of soil C accumulation in the boreal forest of eastern North America. Ecosystem C pools were measured in 72 sites of fire origin that burned 2-314 years ago over a vast region with a range of ∆ mean annual temperature of 3°C and one of ∆ 500 mm total precipitation. We used a set of multivariate a priori causal hypotheses to test the influence of time since fire (TSF), climate, soil physico-chemistry and bryophyte dominance on forest soil organic C accumulation. Integrating the direct and indirect effects among abiotic and biotic variables explained as much as 50% of the full model variability. The main direct drivers of soil C stocks were: TSF >bryophyte dominance of the FH layer and metal oxide content >pH of the mineral soil. Only climate parameters related to water availability contributed significantly to explaining soil C stock variation. Importantly, climate was found to affect FH layer and mineral soil C stocks indirectly through its effects on bryophyte dominance and organo-metal complexation, respectively. Soil texture had no influence on soil C stocks. Soil C stocks increased both in the FH layer and mineral soil with TSF and this effect was linked to a decrease in pH with TSF in mineral soil. TSF thus appears to be an important factor of soil development and of C sequestration in mineral soil through its influence on soil chemistry. Overall, this work highlights that integrating the complex interplay between the main drivers of soil C stocks into mechanistic models of C dynamics could improve our ability to assess C stocks and better anticipate the response of the boreal forest to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Andrieux
- NSERC-UQAT-UQAM Industrial Chair in Sustainable Forest Management, Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
- Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Beguin
- Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Bergeron
- NSERC-UQAT-UQAM Industrial Chair in Sustainable Forest Management, Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Grondin
- Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québéc, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - David Paré
- Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, QC, Canada
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Evaluation of the Water-Storage Capacity of Bryophytes along an Altitudinal Gradient from Temperate Forests to the Alpine Zone. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9070433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forests play crucial roles in regulating the amount and timing of streamflow through the water storage function. Bryophytes contribute to this increase in water storage owing to their high water-holding capacity; however, they might be severely damaged by climate warming. This study examined the water storage capacity (WSC) of bryophytes in forests in the mountainous areas of Japan. Sampling plots (100 m2) were established along two mountainous trails at 200-m altitude intervals. Bryophytes were sampled in these plots using 100-cm2 quadrats, and their WSC was evaluated according to the maximum amount of water retained in them (WSC-quadrat). The total amount of water in bryophytes within each plot (WSC-plot) was then calculated. The WSC-quadrat was affected by the forms of bryophyte communities (life forms) and their interactions, further influencing soil moisture. The WSC-quadrat did not show any significant trend with altitude, whereas, the highest WSC-plot values were obtained in subalpine forests. These changes to WSC-plot were explained by large differences in bryophyte cover with altitude. As the WSC controlled by the life forms might be vulnerable to climate warming, it can provide an early indicator of how bryophyte WCS and associated biological activities are influenced.
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Zhang J, Yan X, Su F, Li Z, Wang Y, Wei Y, Ji Y, Yang Y, Zhou X, Guo H, Hu S. Long-term N and P additions alter the scaling of plant nitrogen to phosphorus in a Tibetan alpine meadow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:440-448. [PMID: 29291558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus are two important nutrient elements for plants. The current paradigm suggests that the scaling of plant tissue N to P is conserved across environments and plant taxa because these two elements are coupled and coordinately change with each other following a constant allometric trajectory. However, this assumption has not been vigorously examined, particularly in changing N and P environments. We propose that changes in relative availability of N and P in soil alter the N to P relationship in plants. Taking advantage of a 4-yr N and P addition experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow, we examined changes in plant N and P concentrations of 14 common species. Our results showed that while the scaling of N to P under N additions was similar to the previously reported pattern with a uniform 2/3 slope of the regression between log N and log P, it was significantly different under P additions with a smaller slope. Also, graminoids had different responses from forbs. These results indicate that the relative availability of soil N and P is an important determinant regulating the N and P concentrations in plants. These findings suggest that alterations in the N to P relationships may not only alter plant photosynthate allocation to vegetative or reproductive organs, but also regulate the metabolic and growth rate of plant and promote shifts in plant community composition in a changing nutrient loading environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xuebin Yan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Fanglong Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yanan Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yangguang Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xianhui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Shuijin Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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44
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A Study on the Evolution of Carbon Capture and Storage Technology Based on Knowledge Mapping. ENERGIES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/en11051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Mu C, Li L, Wu X, Zhang F, Jia L, Zhao Q, Zhang T. Greenhouse gas released from the deep permafrost in the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29523853 PMCID: PMC5844905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep carbon pool in permafrost regions is an important component of the global terrestrial carbon cycle. However, the greenhouse gas production from deep permafrost soils is not well understood. Here, using soils collected from 5-m deep permafrost cores from meadow and wet meadow on the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), we investigated the effects of temperature on CO2 and N2O production under aerobic incubations and CH4 production under anaerobic incubations. After a 35-day incubation, the CO2, N2O and CH4 production at −2 °C to 10 °C were 0.44~2.12 mg C-CO2/g soil C, 0.0027~0.097 mg N-N2O/g soil N, and 0.14~5.88 μg C-CH4/g soil C, respectively. Greenhouse gas production in deep permafrost is related to the C:N ratio and stable isotopes of soil organic carbon (SOC), whereas depth plays a less important role. The temperature sensitivity (Q10) values of the CO2, N2O and CH4 production were 1.67–4.15, 3.26–5.60 and 5.22–10.85, without significant differences among different depths. These results indicated that climate warming likely has similar effects on gas production in deep permafrost and surface soils. Our results suggest that greenhouse gas emissions from both the deep permafrost and surface soils to the air will increase under future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Mu
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tingjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Cui Q, Song C, Wang X, Shi F, Yu X, Tan W. Effects of warming on N 2O fluxes in a boreal peatland of Permafrost region, Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:427-434. [PMID: 29127796 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is expected to increasingly influence boreal peatlands and alter their greenhouse gases emissions. However, the effects of warming on N2O fluxes and the N2O budgets were ignored in boreal peatlands. Therefore, in a boreal peatland of permafrost zone in Northeast China, a simulated warming experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of warming on N2O fluxes in Betula. Fruticosa community (B. Fruticosa) and Ledum. palustre community (L. palustre) during the growing seasons from 2013 to 2015. Results showed that warming treatment increased air temperature at 1.5m aboveground and soil temperature at 5cm depth by 0.6°C and 2°C, respectively. The average seasonal N2O fluxes ranged from 6.62 to 9.34μgm-2h-1 in the warming plot and ranged from 0.41 to 4.55μgm-2h-1 in the control plots. Warming treatment increased N2O fluxes by 147% and transformed the boreal peatlands from a N2O sink to a source. The primary driving factors for N2O fluxes were soil temperature and active layer depth, whereas soil moisture showed a weak correlation with N2O fluxes. The results indicated that warming promoted N2O fluxes by increasing soil temperature and active layer depth in a boreal peatland of permafrost zone in Northeast China. Moreover, elevated N2O fluxes persisted in this region will potentially drive a noncarbon feedback to ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Changchun Song
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China.
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Fuxi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
| | - Xueyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wenwen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, PR China
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Kyaschenko J, Clemmensen KE, Karltun E, Lindahl BD. Below-ground organic matter accumulation along a boreal forest fertility gradient relates to guild interaction within fungal communities. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1546-1555. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kyaschenko
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Department of Soil and Environment; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Karina E. Clemmensen
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology; Uppsala BioCenter; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Erik Karltun
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Department of Soil and Environment; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Björn D. Lindahl
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Department of Soil and Environment; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
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49
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Mondav R, McCalley CK, Hodgkins SB, Frolking S, Saleska SR, Rich VI, Chanton JP, Crill PM. Microbial network, phylogenetic diversity and community membership in the active layer across a permafrost thaw gradient. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:3201-3218. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Mondav
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, LimnologyUppsala UniversityUppsala75236 Sweden
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Carmody K. McCalley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721 USA
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurham NH 03824 USA
| | - Suzanne B. Hodgkins
- Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahassee FL 32306‐4320 USA
| | - Steve Frolking
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurham NH 03824 USA
| | - Scott R. Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Virginia I. Rich
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Jeff P. Chanton
- Department of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahassee FL 32306‐4320 USA
| | - Patrick M. Crill
- Department of Geology and GeochemistryStockholm UniversityStockholm 10691 Sweden
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50
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Koller EK, Phoenix GK. Seasonal dynamics of soil and plant nutrients at three environmentally contrasting sites along a sub-Arctic catchment sequence. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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