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Wagemaker E, Salemink E, Huizenga HM, Bart HF, Dekkers TJ, Bexkens A. How to support peer resistance in adolescents with mild-to-borderline intellectual disability? Intervention development and feasibility. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13216. [PMID: 38403300 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with mild-to-borderline intellectual disability face peer resistance challenges, risking harmful or dangerous situations. METHOD We designed a peer resistance group intervention at school for adolescents with mild-to-borderline intellectual disability, tested its feasibility (N = 4, Mage = 14.1, MIQ = 78.8), adapted it, and tested it again (N = 6, Mage = 15.0, MIQ = 72.8). RESULTS Study 1 demonstrated feasibility in recruitment, resources, and potential benefits on the distal outcome risk taking. However, attendance, obtained knowledge, and potential benefits on peer resistance, peer problems, and prosocial behaviour were suboptimal. Consequently, study 2 contained more learning by doing and individual lessons, resulting in higher attendance and greater personalization. While potential benefits on improved peer resistance measures were not observed, risk taking improved. CONCLUSIONS Despite finding no potential benefits on peer resistance, running a peer resistance intervention for adolescents with mild-to-borderline intellectual disability at school is considered feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Wagemaker
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Priority Area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elske Salemink
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde M Huizenga
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Priority Area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Han F Bart
- De Viaan, Practical Vocational School, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
- SOVON (Public Secondary Education Foundation), Noord-Holland-Noord, The Netherlands
| | - Tycho J Dekkers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Levvel, Academic Center of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Specialized Youthcare, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anika Bexkens
- Department of Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- GGZ Delfland, Delft, The Netherlands
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McKinney WS, Williford DN, Abbeduto L, Schmitt LM. The impact of social-environmental factors on IQ in syndromic intellectual developmental disabilities. J Clin Transl Sci 2024; 8:e59. [PMID: 38655457 PMCID: PMC11036438 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite having the same underlying genetic etiology, individuals with the same syndromic form of intellectual developmental disability (IDD) show a large degree of interindividual differences in cognition and IQ. Research indicates that up to 80% of the variation in IQ scores among individuals with syndromic IDDs is attributable to nongenetic effects, including social-environmental factors. In this narrative review, we summarize evidence of the influence that factors related to economic stability (focused on due to its prevalence in existing literature) have on IQ in individuals with syndromic IDDs. We also highlight the pathways through which economic stability is hypothesized to impact cognitive development and drive individual differences in IQ among individuals with syndromic IDDs. We also identify broader social-environmental factors (e.g., social determinants of health) that warrant consideration in future research, but that have not yet been explored in syndromic IDDs. We conclude by making recommendations to address the urgent need for further research into other salient factors associated with heterogeneity in IQ. These recommendations ultimately may shape individual- and community-level interventions and may inform systems-level public policy efforts to promote the cognitive development of and improve the lived experiences of individuals with syndromic IDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walker S. McKinney
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology,
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center,
Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Desireé N. Williford
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology,
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center,
Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of
Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis,
Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University
of California Davis, Sacramento, CA,
USA
| | - Lauren M. Schmitt
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology,
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center,
Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of
Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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3
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Chi Z, Devine RT, Wolstencroft J, Skuse D, Hughes C, Baker K. Rare neurodevelopmental conditions and parents' mental health - how and when does genetic diagnosis matter? Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:70. [PMID: 38360654 PMCID: PMC10870533 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of individuals with rare neurodevelopmental conditions and intellectual disabilities (ID) are vulnerable to mental health difficulties, which vary between parents and within parents over time. The underlying cause of a child's condition can influence parents' mental health, via uncertain pathways and within unknown time-windows. RESULTS We analysed baseline data from the IMAGINE-ID cohort, comprising 2655 parents of children and young people with ID of known genetic origin. First, we conducted a factor analysis of the SDQ Impact scale to isolate specific pathways from genetic aetiology to parents' mental health. This suggested a two-factor structure for the SDQ Impact scale, with a "home & distress" dimension and a "participation" dimension. Second, we tested via structural equation modelling (SEM) whether genetic diagnosis affects Impact and mental health directly, or indirectly via children's characteristics. This analysis identified an indirect pathway linking genetic aetiology to parents' mental health, serially through child characteristics (physical disabilities, emotional and behavioural difficulties) and Impact: home & distress. Third, we conducted moderation analysis to explore the influence of time elapsed since genetic diagnosis. This showed that the serial mediation model was moderated by time since diagnosis, with strongest mediating effects among recently diagnosed cases. CONCLUSIONS There are multiple steps on the pathway from ID-associated genetic diagnoses to parents' mental health. Pathway links are strongest within 5 years of receiving a genetic diagnosis, highlighting opportunities for better post-diagnostic support. Recognition and enhanced support for children's physical and behavioural needs might reduce impact on family life, ameliorating parents' vulnerabilities to mental health difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaotian Chi
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, CB2 7EF, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rory T Devine
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - David Skuse
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Claire Hughes
- Centre for Family Research, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Baker
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, CB2 7EF, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Scheibner M, Scheibner C, Hornemann F, Arélin M, Hennig YD, Kiep H, Wurst U, Merkenschlager A, Gburek-Augustat J. The Impact of Demographic Characteristics on Parenting Stress among Parents of Children with Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:239. [PMID: 38397351 PMCID: PMC10887938 DOI: 10.3390/children11020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Even though it is already known that parents of children with developmental delays or disabilities experience higher parenting stress than families of typically developing children, the contributing factors need to be analyzed in more detail. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the influence of demographic characteristics on parenting stress from caring for a disabled child and to identify possible protective or additional stressful social factors. A total of 611 mothers and fathers of children with developmental delays, chronic diseases, or disabilities completed two questionnaires during their medical appointments at the Children's Development Center (CDC) of Leipzig University Hospital between June 2020 and February 2021. These consisted of the German versions of the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Impact on Family Scale (IOFS). To determine differences between the various groups, we used parametric and non-parametric tests. Mothers and single parents are significantly more strained than fathers and non-single parents. Parents with vocational training, those who graduated with a higher-level diploma, and those within employment report a higher financial burden. While unemployed and full-time workers experience the lowest stress, parents who work part-time or exclusively take care of their child show higher levels of stress. Looking at the age of the child, parents of children of young primary school age are the most stressed, and those of infants are the least stressed. These findings suggest that mothers and single parents especially should receive more support, and parents need to be provided with more attention during their child's entry into school. Possible limitations and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxi Scheibner
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.S.); (A.M.); (J.G.-A.)
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5
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Nord D, Hamre K, Andresen J. The Effects of Health Insurance Coverage on Workforce Engagement of Family Caregivers of Children With Intellectual Disability and Autism. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 129:10-25. [PMID: 38147890 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-129.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
For many families of children with intellectual disability and autism (ID/ASD), private health insurance and public programs, such as Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), are critical sources of support. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of health insurance coverage on workforce engagement of parents of children with ID/ASD. The study utilized 2014-2018 pooled National Health Interview Survey data to construct national estimates and test the effects of health insurance status on parent workforce outcomes. Primary findings indicate significantly higher odds of workforce absence (OR = 2.83, p < .0038) and unemployment (OR = 8.91, p < .0038) among parents with children with ID/ASD using public health insurance, compared to the reference group. Additionally, parents of children with ID/ASD who were uninsured were found to experience significantly higher unemployment (OR = 4.86, p < .0038) than the reference group. Findings have policy and research implications related to workforce engagement for parents, including issues impacting health insurance coverage, specifically related to Medicaid and CHIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Nord
- Derek Nord, Indiana University, Indiana Institute on Disability and Community
| | - Kristin Hamre
- Kristin Hamre, Indiana University, School of Social Work
| | - John Andresen
- John Andresen, Indiana University, Indiana Institute on Disability and Community
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6
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Totsika V, Hastings RP, Hatton C, Emerson E. Pathways to social well-being of children with intellectual disability: testing the Family Investment Model. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:1354-1366. [PMID: 37648377 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social well-being, including prosocial and peer relationship skills, independence and co-operation, is a particularly important developmental outcome in intellectual disability (ID). The present study investigated pathways to social well-being through the early years' family environment, particularly the role of parental investments in mediating the path from family poverty to child social well-being. METHODS In line with the Family Investment Model (FIM), we tested whether parental investments between 3 and 5 years of age mediate the impact of family poverty at 9 months of age on children's social well-being at 7 years. Structural equation models were fitted to data from 555 children with ID identified from a UK population-based cohort. RESULTS Findings indicated that home learning investments and the structural home environment (though not play) significantly mediated the effect of family poverty on children's social skills, albeit in different directions. While all parental investments reduced in the presence of poverty, the home learning environment appeared to promote social well-being, whereas the structural home environment did not. Sensitivity analyses controlling for co-occurring autism confirmed the pattern of findings. Child gender, ethnicity and parental educational qualifications did not moderate the mediational relationships, suggesting that FIM pathways to social well-being were relevant to all families. CONCLUSIONS The FIM provides a helpful framework to map developmental pathways for children with an ID. Parental investments related to home learning, the structural home environment and play are reduced in the presence of poverty although their impact on child social well-being appears to differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Totsika
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - R P Hastings
- Centre for Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - C Hatton
- Department of Social Care and Social Work, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - E Emerson
- Centre for Disability Research, Division of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Garrood A, Bjornstad G, Borek A, Gillett A, Lloyd J, Brand S, Tarrant M, Ball S, Hawton A, McDonald A, Fredlund M, Boyle F, Berry V, Logan S, Morris C. Healthy Parent Carers: Acceptability and practicability of online delivery and learning through implementation by delivery partner organisations. Health Expect 2023; 26:2050-2063. [PMID: 37401625 PMCID: PMC10485339 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent carers of disabled children are at increased risk of physical and mental health problems. The Healthy Parent Carers (HPC) programme is a manualised peer-led group-based programme that aims to promote parent carer health and wellbeing. Previously, the programme had been delivered in person, with recruitment and delivery managed in a research context. This study explored implementation by two delivery partner organisations in the United Kingdom. Facilitator Training and Delivery Manuals were modified for online delivery using Zoom due to COVID-19. METHODS The study methodology utilised the Replicating Effective Programs framework. A series of stakeholder workshops informed the development of the Implementation Logic Model and an Implementation Package. After delivering the programme, delivery partner organisations and facilitators participated in a workshop to discuss experiences of implementing the programme. A wider group of stakeholders, including commissioners, Parent Carer Forums and charity organisations representatives and researchers subsequently met to consider the sustainability and potential barriers to delivering the programme outside the research context. RESULTS This study explored implementation by two delivery partner organisations in the United Kingdom that were able to recruit facilitators, who we trained, and they recruited participants and delivered the programme to parent carers in different localities using Zoom. The co-created Implementation Logic Model and Implementation Package were subsequently refined to enable the further roll-out of the programme with other delivery partner organisations. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight and understanding of how the HPC programme can be implemented sustainably outside of the research context. Further research will evaluate the effectiveness of the programme and refine the implementation processes. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Parent carers, delivery partner organisation staff and service commissioners were consulted on the design, delivery and reporting of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Garrood
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU) and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC)University of Exeter Medical School, University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Gretchen Bjornstad
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC)University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Aleksandra Borek
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences DivisionUniversity of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory QuarterOxfordUK
| | - Annette Gillett
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC)University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Jenny Lloyd
- Relational Health Group and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (PenARC) South West Peninsula, Department of Health and Community Sciences, Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical SchoolUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Sarah Brand
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC)University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Mark Tarrant
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC)University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Susan Ball
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC)University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Annie Hawton
- Health Economics Group and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (PenARC) South West PeninsulaUniversity of Exeter Medical School, University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Annabel McDonald
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU) and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC)University of Exeter Medical School, University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Mary Fredlund
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU) and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC)University of Exeter Medical School, University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Fleur Boyle
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU) and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC)University of Exeter Medical School, University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Vashti Berry
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC)University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Stuart Logan
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU) and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC)University of Exeter Medical School, University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Christopher Morris
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU) and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC)University of Exeter Medical School, University of ExeterExeterUK
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Al-Zyoud NS, Hyassat MA, Bataineh OM. Jordanian mothers' perspectives on having their intellectually disabled daughters undergo hysterectomies: A qualitative study. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2023:17446295231192735. [PMID: 37497764 DOI: 10.1177/17446295231192735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to identify Jordanian mothers' perspectives on their intellectually disabled daughters receiving hysterectomies. A qualitative methodology was employed; for the study sample, twelve mothers were chosen using a snowballing technique. Semi-structured interviews were carried out, and thematic analysis was utilized. Two main themes arose from the data analysis process: the reasons why mothers made the decision for their daughters to have hysterectomies - which included fears about unwanted pregnancy and keeping family honor - despite this conflicting with their religious and cultural values, and their concerns about their daughters having hysterectomies. Based on these findings, some implications and suggestions for future research were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf S Al-Zyoud
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mizyed A Hyassat
- Special Education Department, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
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Bodde AE, Helsel BC, Hastert M, Suire KB, Washburn RA, Donnelly JE, Ptomey LT. The prevalence of obesity and lifestyle behaviors of parents of youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Disabil Health J 2023; 16:101430. [PMID: 36604240 PMCID: PMC10264551 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) may have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity and poorer weight management behaviors compared to the general population. OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of overweight/obesity and related socioeconomic and lifestyle factors including diet quality, physical activity, and reported health habits in parents of youth with IDD. METHODS We assessed: BMI (kg/m2), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), parental diet and physical activity habits, and socioeconomic characteristics. Associations of BMI on MVPA and FVI were assessed with Spearman's correlation; differences in BMI by parental diet and physical activity habits were assessed with Kruskall-Wallis tests; and the relationships of BMI to household income, race, and education were assessed with Kendall Tau-b and Mann Whitney U tests. RESULTS Data was obtained from 110 parents (97.3% female) who were study partners for their adolescents/young adults with IDD participating in a weight loss clinical trial. Approximately 81% of parents were overweight or obese (25.7% overweight, 55.1% obese), with 46.3% and 20% meeting the recommended U.S. guidelines for MVPA and FVI, respectively. Higher FVI and higher income were significantly associated with lower parent BMI. BMI was significantly lower in parents who reported to be physically active and choose healthy food. CONCLUSION We observed a high prevalence of overweight/obesity, low FVI and low levels of MVPA in parents of adolescents with IDD. These observations suggest that interventions designed to address these factors have the potential to improve the health and wellbeing of both parents and adolescents with IDD. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER NCT02561754.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Bodde
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Brian C Helsel
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Mary Hastert
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA; Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Kameron B Suire
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Richard A Washburn
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Joseph E Donnelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Lauren T Ptomey
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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Hayden NK, Hastings RP, Bailey T. Behavioural adjustment of children with intellectual disability and their sibling is associated with their sibling relationship quality. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:310-322. [PMID: 36602088 PMCID: PMC10952136 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding sibling relationship quality is important, as it is associated with mental health outcomes in both childhood and adulthood. Arguably, these relationships are even more important for individuals with intellectual disability, as siblings can be important sources of care, support, advocacy and friendship for one another. The intellectual disability field, however, has a tendency to assume that the relationship lacks reciprocity, and that it is the sibling with intellectual disability who affects the sibling, and that this effect is somehow 'negative'. METHODS We examined whether the behaviour problems and prosocial behaviour of 500 child sibling pairs, where one child has an intellectual disability, were associated with their sibling relationship quality. Measures included the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires and the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire. Family poverty, the gender of both children, birth order and whether the child with intellectual disability had autism or Down syndrome were also included in the analyses. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis indicated an adequate model fit for the latent variables measuring sibling relationships. The final structural model found that the prosocial behaviour and internalising problems of the children with intellectual disability, their typically developing siblings' prosocial behaviours and sibling birth order were associated with intimacy-companionship in the sibling relationship. The internalising, externalising and prosocial behaviours of the children with intellectual disability, their siblings' externalising behaviours and sibling birth order were associated with antagonism-quarrelling in the sibling relationship. CONCLUSIONS We found that the behaviours of both the child with intellectual disability and their sibling were associated with both 'positive' and 'negative' dimensions of their sibling relationship. This indicates a bidirectional and reciprocal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. K. Hayden
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and ResearchUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - R. P. Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and ResearchUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of PsychiatryMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - T. Bailey
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and ResearchUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
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Farhadi A, Bahreini M, Moradi A, Mirzaei K, Nemati R. The predictive role of coping styles and sense of coherence in the post-traumatic growth of mothers with disabled children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:708. [PMID: 36380328 PMCID: PMC9667566 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coping and accepting stressful events can lead to positive psychological changes, growth, and excellence. In this regard, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between coping styles and sense of coherence with post-traumatic growth in mothers with disabled children in Bushehr (a southern city in Iran). METHODS The present cross-sectional study was performed on 260 mothers with children with disabilities who were filed in the rehabilitation centers covered by the Welfare Department of Bushehr in 2018. Demographic information form, Tedeschi and Calhoun post-traumatic growth questionnaire, Antonovsky sense of coherence, and Billings and Moos coping styles were employed to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis at a significance level of less than 0.05. RESULTS The mean age and standard deviation were 35.83 ± 7.41 for the mothers, and 7.20 ± 4.05 for the children. The mean and standard deviation of post-traumatic growth was 64.88 ± 14.90, sense of coherence was 116.36 ± 22.65 and coping styles was 30.59 ± 6.39. The results of linear regression show that only the two dimensions of meaningfulness (p = 0.013 and β = 0.170) and manageability from the sense of coherence (p = 0.001 and β = 0.432) can predict post-traumatic growth in mothers with disabled children in Bushehr. Also, from the coping style dimensions, only the emotion-focused variable (p = 0.001 and β = 0.353) is a predictor of post-traumatic growth. CONCLUSION Considering the role of sense of coherence and coping style in predicting post-traumatic growth, to implement rehabilitation programs and support the families of these children, it is essential to plan for the development of social and psychological support for mothers with disabled children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Farhadi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Masoud Bahreini
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Ainaz Moradi
- Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Kamran Mirzaei
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Nemati
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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12
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Sanders M, Hoang NPT, Hodges J, Sofronoff K, Einfeld S, Tonge B, Gray K. Predictors of Change in Stepping Stones Triple Interventions: The Relationship between Parental Adjustment, Parenting Behaviors and Child Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13200. [PMID: 36293782 PMCID: PMC9602721 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study explored the process of change in Stepping Stones Triple P (SSTP) using a community-based sample of 891 families of children with developmental disabilities (DD) who participated in an SSTP intervention at a community level. A preliminary analysis of outcome data indicated that SSTP intervention was effective in reducing parental adjustment difficulties, coercive parenting, and children's behavioral and emotional difficulties immediately after the intervention. The effects were maintained at 12-month follow-up. The results also indicated that change in parental adjustment over the course of intervention was significantly associated with a change in parenting behaviors. However, change in parenting behaviors but not change in parental adjustment, predicted children's behavioral and emotional problems following the intervention. The results suggest that positive parenting skills are the most salient ingredient driving the change in child behaviors in SSTP interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nam-Phuong T. Hoang
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Julie Hodges
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kate Sofronoff
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stewart Einfeld
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Bruce Tonge
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kylie Gray
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal, and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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13
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Grineski SE, Renteria R, Collins TW, Mangadu A, Alexander C, Bilder D, Bakian A. Associations between estimates of perinatal industrial pollution exposures and intellectual disability in Utah children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155630. [PMID: 35508240 PMCID: PMC10077518 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While heavy metals exposure is associated with intellectual disability (ID), little is known about associations between industrial pollution and ID. The objective of this analysis is to assess associations between estimated perinatal industrial pollution exposures from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Risk Screening Environmental Indicators Microdata and children's ID risk. We conducted a case-control study of children born in Utah from 2000 to 2008 (n = 1679). Cases were identified through the Center for Disease Control's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network's Utah site and matched with controls based on birth year, sex, and birth county. We used multivariable generalized estimating equations to examine associations between estimated perinatal industrial pollution exposures and ID risk. The fourth quartile of industrial pollution exposure was associated with increased odds of ID relative to the first (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.73, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.23-2.44) and second (OR: 1.67, CI: 1.19-2.35) quartiles. Similarly, the third quartile was associated with increased odds of ID relative to the first (OR: 1.47, CI: 1.06-2.03) and second (OR: 1.41, CI: 1.02-1.96) quartiles. Findings were robust to varied model specifications. Maternal residential exposures to industrial pollution were associated with increased ID prevalence in Utah. Since environmental correlates of ID are understudied, additional research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Grineski
- University of Utah, Department of Sociology, 380 S. 1530 E., Rm. 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Roger Renteria
- University of Utah, Department of Sociology, 380 S. 1530 E., Rm. 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Timothy W Collins
- University of Utah, Department of Geography, 260 Central Campus Dr., Rm. 4728, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Aparna Mangadu
- University of Texas at El Paso, BUILDing SCHOLARS Program, Chemistry & Computer Science Building, Room g0706, 500 W University, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Camden Alexander
- University of Utah, Department of Sociology, 380 S. 1530 E., Rm. 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Deborah Bilder
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 30 N. 1900 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Amanda Bakian
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 30 N. 1900 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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14
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Markodimitraki M, Charitaki G, Kypriotaki M, Fragogianni ME, Kypriotakis G. The role of marital satisfaction and social activities on parents' self-perception: evidence from Greek families of children with and without disabilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 70:444-457. [PMID: 38699496 PMCID: PMC11062277 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2022.2109929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the association between marital satisfaction and social activities with parents' self-perception. Self-perception included parents' sense of self and their attitudes and beliefs about who they are as individuals and as parents. Three hundred and twenty-seven parents, having either a child with (D1-target group) or without (D2-control group) a disability, were enrolled in the study. We hypothesized that self-perception of parents in the target group would be lower in all measures. We also hypothesized that low self-perception will correlate with parents' marital satisfaction and social activities. We found that parents of a child with disabilities reported significantly lower levels in all domains (self-perception, marital satisfaction and social activities) than parents of children without disabilities. Moreover, multigroup analyses confirmed that the structural paths between self-perception, marital satisfaction and social activities do not differ between D1 and D2 parents (χ2(127, N = 327) = 134.62, p>.05, CFI = 1.00 ≥ 0.90, RMSEA=.063 ≤ .080, SRMR = 0.054 < 0.08, TLI = 1.000 > 0.95). Results are discussed in terms of children's educational placement and their implications on children with and without disabilities unobstructed co-development and co-existence with their parents in the family context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markodimitraki
- Department of Preschool Education, University of Crete, Rethymnon, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Maria Kypriotaki
- Department of Preschool Education, University of Crete, Rethymnon, Crete, Greece
| | | | - George Kypriotakis
- Department of Behavioral Science, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Novak-Pavlic M, Rosenbaum P, Gazzi Macedo L, Di Rezze B, Yong J, Noori A, Hughes D. Effectiveness of Interventions to Promote Physical, Psychological, and Socioeconomic Well-being Outcomes of Parents of Children With Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e38686. [PMID: 35900806 PMCID: PMC9377437 DOI: 10.2196/38686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well recognized that parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities can experience a considerable burden of care associated with their child’s disability, which can potentially impact their functioning and quality of life. Historically, the intervention efforts in pediatric rehabilitation have focused primarily on the child’s development and well-being and much less on parental and family well-being. The impact that a child’s diagnosis might have on parents remains unclear, and it is unknown how we can best support parents on their journey of childhood disability. It is, therefore, important to synthesize the published evidence on interventions for parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities so that clinicians can be better informed about the ways in which families they work with can be supported. Objective This manuscript presents the protocol for a systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions aiming to improve the physical, psychological, or socioeconomic well-being of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities when compared to usual care or no care. Methods We will systematically search 4 databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) from the year 2000 until the search date, for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions to improve parental physical, psychological, or socioeconomic well-being. Two authors will independently screen the titles and abstracts, which will then be followed by full-text screening. After the eligibility assessment, two reviewers will independently extract data and conduct a risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. We will assess the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. If the data allow, we will perform a pairwise meta-analysis or network meta-analysis. We plan to evaluate the coherence of the network with a global test by using the node-splitting method. Results As of May 30, 2022, there have been two searches of data initiated: in September 2020 for articles published since 2000 and an updated search in January 2022 for articles published since 2020. We have screened all the titles and abstracts and performed eligibility assessment. However, the final number of references is still not available due to the additional information needed for some of the potentially eligible studies. The results from this systematic review will be published in an indexed journal within a year after this protocol is published. Conclusions This study is expected to identify a variety of programs to address the well-being needs of parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities and provide directions on how parents can best be supported within health care. Such interventions might help professionals and stakeholders in creating service delivery models that can enhance parental well-being and minimize the risks to their physical, psychological, and socioeconomic functioning. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42021230706; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=230706 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/38686
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Novak-Pavlic
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Rosenbaum
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Briano Di Rezze
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Yong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Atefeh Noori
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Debra Hughes
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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16
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Vostrý M, Lanková B, Pešatová I, Fleischmann O, Jelínková J. Nonpharmacological Compensation of Aggressive Behavior of Individuals with Moderate Intellectual Disability and Behavioral Disorders-A Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159116. [PMID: 35897479 PMCID: PMC9368589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The article discusses issues associated with the manifestations of aggressive behavior in an individual diagnosed with moderate intellectual disability and behavioral disorders (according to ICD-10; F7; F711—moderate intellectual disability, significant impairment of behavior requiring attention or treatment). In the research survey, we focused on a client corresponding with relevant features. The research was carried out at the beginning of hospitalization, ongoing hospitalization, and the end of hospitalization, followed by a recommendation to limit the legal capacity of the client and his placement in a residential care home. The case study points out individual approaches to special education and psychology and outlines the key steps in the cooperation of selected helping professions suggesting conclusions and recommendations for practice regarding these selected issues. Upon the termination of our investigation, there was a rapid deterioration of the client being admitted to the intensive care unit with a follow-up treatment in a long-term intensive care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Vostrý
- Research Center, Faculty of Health Studies, University J. E. Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Department of Special and Social Education, Faculty of Education, University J. E. Purkyně, Ústí nad Labem in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbora Lanková
- Department of Primary and Pre-Primary Education, Faculty of Education, University J. E. Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem, 40001 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic;
| | - Ilona Pešatová
- Department of Special and Social Education, Faculty of Education, University J. E. Purkyně, Ústí nad Labem in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic;
| | - Otakar Fleischmann
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University J. E. Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic;
| | - Jaroslava Jelínková
- Department of Languages, Faculty of Education, University J. E. Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic;
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17
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Cejas I, Coto J, Sarangoulis C, Hoffman MF, Quittner AL. Development and Validation of a Parenting Stress Module for Parents of Children Using Cochlear Implants. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 47:785-794. [PMID: 35303073 PMCID: PMC9297089 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a cochlear implant (CI)-specific parenting stress measure using the FDA Guidance on Patient-Reported Outcomes (2009). METHODS The development and psychometric validation of the Parenting Stress-CI module for both the Early Childhood (EC; 0-5 years) and School-Age (SA; 6-12 years) versions are reported in this article. Instrument development consisted of qualitative interviews with parents of children with CIs (EC: N = 19; SA: N = 21), content analysis, item development, and cognitive testing of the instrument. Last, we conducted the psychometric validation (EC: N = 72; SA: N = 64), including analyses of internal consistency, test-retest reliability (∼2 weeks between administrations; N = 24), and convergent validity with the Parenting Stress Index-4 (PSI-4). RESULTS The final EC version includes 15 questions, and the SA version includes 8 questions. Both the EC and SA versions had strong reliability (EC α = .88; SA α = .85), with all items significantly correlated with the overall module (r = .43-.80). Both versions also had strong test-retest reliability (r = .99, p < .001). Last, analyses of convergent validity demonstrated significant correlations with the PSI-4 Total Stress scale for both Parenting Stress-CI versions (EC r = .66, p < .00; SA r = .45, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The Parenting Stress-CI modules are reliable and valid condition-specific parenting stress instruments for parents of children with CIs ages 0-12 years, filling a significant gap in the literature. These fully validated instruments can be used to assess parental needs for support and guide the development of targeted, family centered interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Cejas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Coto
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Michael F Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Grasso M, Lazzaro G, Demaria F, Menghini D, Vicari S. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire as a Valuable Screening Tool for Identifying Core Symptoms and Behavioural and Emotional Problems in Children with Neuropsychiatric Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137731. [PMID: 35805390 PMCID: PMC9265541 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a worldwide questionnaire used for the early identification of behavioural/emotional symptoms in children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric disorders. Although its prognostic power has been studied, it has not yet been tested whether SDQ: (i) can identify pathognomonic symptoms across a variety of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, (ii) can capture emotional and behavioural problems associated with the main diagnosis, as well as shared transdiagnostic dimensions, and (iii) can detect changes in symptomatology with age. The present study evaluated nearly 1000 children and adolescents overall with Global Developmental Delay (GDD), Intellectual Disability (ID), Language Disorder (LD), Specific Learning Disorder (SLD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Mood Disorder (MD), Anxiety Disorder (AD), and Eating Disorders (ED). We found that SDQ: (i) can identify the core symptoms in children with ASD, ADHD, MD, and AD via specific subscales; (ii) can capture the associated emotional and behavioural symptoms in children with LD, GDD, ID, SLD, and ED; and (iii) can detect changes in the symptomatology, especially for GDD, LD, ASD, ADHD, and AD. SDQ is also able to recognise the transdiagnostic dimensions across disorders. Our results underscore the potential of SDQ to specifically differentiate and identify behavioural/emotional profiles associated with clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Grasso
- Neurological and Neurosurgical Diseases Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzaro
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Demaria
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Deny Menghini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
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19
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She X, Perera S, Andre M, St. Fleur J, Hilaire J, Evans A, Long J, Wing D, Carpenter C, Wilson K, Palfrey J, Stulac S. Associations Between Parental Depression, Self-efficacy, and Early Childhood Development in Malnourished Haitian Children. Glob Pediatr Health 2022; 9:2333794X221098311. [PMID: 35592789 PMCID: PMC9112296 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x221098311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Haiti lacks early childhood development data and guidelines in malnourished populations. Literature shows that developmental interventions are crucial for improving developmental outcomes malnourished children. This study examines the prevalence of early childhood development delays in a cohort of malnourished Haitian children and their associations with parental depression and self-efficacy. Methods. We used cross-sectional data from 42 patients 6 months to 2 years old in Saint-Marc, Haiti. We assessed their developmental status using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Parents were surveyed on depression symptoms and self-efficacy using validated surveys developed for low-resource settings. Demographic and socio-economic data were included. Prevalence of early childhood development delays and high parental depression risk were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to test whether parental depression risk and low self-efficacy were associated with a higher risk for childhood developmental delays. Results. Among participants, 45.2% (SD = 7.7%) of children with a recorded ASQ met age-specific cutoffs for developmental delay in one or more domains. 64.3% (SD = 7.4%) of parents were at high risk for depression. 47.6% (SD = 7.7%) of parents reported relatively low self-efficacy. Multivariable analysis showed that low parental self-efficacy was strongly associated with developmental delays (OR 17.5, CI 1.1-270.0) after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Parental risk for depression was associated with higher odds (OR 4.6, CI 0.4-50.6) of children having developmental delays but did not reach statistical significance in this study. Conclusion. Parental self-efficacy was protectively associated with early childhood developmental delays in malnourished Haitian children. More research is needed to design contextually appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshu She
- Stanford U School of Medicine,
Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Evans
- Toronto University School of Medicine,
Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jack Long
- University of Vermont Robert Larner
College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Delight Wing
- University of Vermont Robert Larner
College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Kim Wilson
- Harvard U Medical School, Boston, MA,
USA
| | | | - Sara Stulac
- Boston U School of Medicine, Boston,
MA, USA
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20
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Nowakowski-Sims E. Integrative Body, Mind, and Spirit Interventions used with Parents in the Child Welfare System. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:121-129. [PMID: 35222779 PMCID: PMC8837741 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parenting is a critical component of child welfare's intervention efforts; however, child welfare interventions attempt to correct dysfunctional parenting practices rather than address their shared underlying causes, such as parental stress and trauma. Ongoing stress can overload a parents' ability to access logical decision-making capabilities. Parents can utilize integrative body, mind, and spirit interventions to remain calm when they experience chronic stress. These interventions can offer stressed out parents techniques that focus on emotional regulation, and subsequently reduce the risk of child maltreatment. This article offers a comprehensive review of the literature identifying parental stress as a critical component of child welfare as well as the usefulness of including integrative mind, body, and spirit interventions with parents in the child welfare system.
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21
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Williams CA, Bailey T, Hastings RP. Modelling triadic relationships in families of children with intellectual disability. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2022; 35:843-855. [PMID: 35187793 PMCID: PMC9306971 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Method Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A. Williams
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal, and Research (CEDAR) University of Warwick Coventry UK
| | - Tom Bailey
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal, and Research (CEDAR) University of Warwick Coventry UK
| | - Richard P. Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal, and Research (CEDAR) University of Warwick Coventry UK
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
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22
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de Witte M, Knapen A, Stams GJ, Moonen X, Hooren SV. Development of a music therapy micro-intervention for stress reduction. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2021.101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Coulman E, Gore N, Moody G, Wright M, Segrott J, Gillespie D, Petrou S, Lugg-Widger F, Kim S, Bradshaw J, McNamara R, Jahoda A, Lindsay G, Shurlock J, Totsika V, Stanford C, Flynn S, Carter A, Barlow C, Hastings R. Early positive approaches to support for families of young children with intellectual disability: the E-PAtS feasibility RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3310/heyy3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Parents of children with intellectual disability are 1.5–2 times more likely than other parents to report mental health difficulties. There is a lack of clinically effective and cost-effective group well-being interventions designed for family carers of young children with intellectual disability.
Aim
To examine the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Early Positive Approaches to Support (E-PAtS) intervention.
Design
A feasibility study (including randomisation of families into a two-arm trial), questionnaires to assess the feasibility of proposed outcome measures (including resource use and health-related quality of life) and practitioner/family carer interviews. An additional question was included in an online UK survey of families, conducted by the research team to assess usual practice, and a survey of provider organisations.
Setting
Families recruited from community contexts (i.e. third sector, local authority services, special schools) and self-referral. The E-PAtS intervention was delivered by trained community-based providers.
Participants
Families with at least one child aged 1.5–5 years with an intellectual disability. At least one parent had to have English-language ability (spoken) for E-PAtS programme participation and participants had to provide informed consent.
Interventions
E-PAtS intervention – two caregivers from each family invited to eight 2.5-hour group sessions with usual practice. Usual practice – other support provided to the family, including other parenting support.
Objectives
To assess randomisation willingness/feasibility, recruitment of providers/parents, retention, usual practice, adherence, fidelity and feasibility of proposed outcome measures (including the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale as the proposed primary outcome measure, and parent anxiety/depression, parenting, family functioning/relationships, child behavioural/emotional problems and adaptive skills, child and parent quality of life, and family services receipt as the proposed secondary outcome measures).
Results
Seventy-four families (95 carers) were recruited from three sites (with 37 families allocated to the intervention). From referrals, the recruitment rate was 65% (95% confidence interval 56% to 74%). Seventy-two per cent of families were retained at the 12-month follow-up (95% confidence interval 60% to 81%). Exploratory regression analysis showed that the mean Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale well-being score was 3.96 points higher in the intervention group (95% confidence interval –1.39 to 9.32 points) at 12 months post randomisation. High levels of data completeness were achieved on returned questionnaires. Interviews (n = 25) confirmed that (1) recruitment, randomisation processes and the intervention were acceptable to family carers, E-PAtS facilitators and community staff; (2) E-PAtS delivery were consistent with the logic model; and (3) researchers requesting consent in future for routine data would be acceptable. Recorded E-PAtS sessions demonstrated good fidelity (96% of components present). Adherence (i.e. at least one carer from the family attending five out of eight E-PAtS sessions) was 76%. Health-related quality-of-life and services receipt data were gathered successfully. An online UK survey to assess usual practice (n = 673) showed that 10% of families of young children with intellectual disability received any intervention over 12 months. A provider survey (n = 15) indicated willingness to take part in future research.
Limitations
Obtaining session recordings for fidelity was difficult. Recruitment processes need to be reviewed to improve diversity and strategies are needed to improve primary outcome completion.
Conclusions
Study processes were feasible. The E-PAtS intervention was well received and outcomes for families were positive. A barrier to future organisation participation is funding for intervention costs. A definitive trial to test the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of E-PAtS would be feasible.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN70419473.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 10, No. 2. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Coulman
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nick Gore
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | | | - Melissa Wright
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Segrott
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Stavros Petrou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sungwook Kim
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew Jahoda
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Geoff Lindsay
- Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Vaso Totsika
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Stanford
- Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Samantha Flynn
- Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | - Richard Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Coulman E, Gore N, Moody G, Wright M, Segrott J, Gillespie D, Petrou S, Lugg-Widger F, Kim S, Bradshaw J, McNamara R, Jahoda A, Lindsay G, Shurlock J, Totsika V, Stanford C, Flynn S, Carter A, Barlow C, Hastings RP. Early Positive Approaches to Support (E-PAtS) for Families of Young Children With Intellectual Disability: A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:729129. [PMID: 34992552 PMCID: PMC8725992 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.729129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parents of children with intellectual disabilities are likely to experience poorer mental well-being and face challenges accessing support. Early Positive Approaches to Support (E-PAtS) is a group-based programme, co-produced with parents and professionals, based on existing research evidence and a developmental systems approach to support parental mental well-being. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of community service provider organisations delivering E-PAtS to parents/family caregivers of young children with intellectual disability, to inform a potential definitive randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of E-PAtS. Methods: This study was a feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial, with embedded process evaluation. Up to two parents/family caregivers of a child (18 months to <6 years old) with intellectual disability were recruited at research sites and allocated to intervention (E-PAtS and usual practise) or control (usual practise) on a 1:1 basis at cluster (family) level. Data were collected at baseline and 3 and 12 months' post-randomisation. The following feasibility outcomes were assessed: participant recruitment rates and effectiveness of recruitment pathways; retention rates; intervention adherence and fidelity; service provider recruitment rates and willingness to participate in a future trial; barriers and facilitating factors for recruitment, engagement, and intervention delivery; and feasibility of collecting outcome measures. Results: Seventy-four families were randomised to intervention or control (n = 37). Retention rates were 72% at 12 months post-randomisation, and completion of the proposed primary outcome measure (WEMWBS) was 51%. Recruitment of service provider organisations and facilitators was feasible and intervention implementation acceptable. Adherence to the intervention was 76% and the intervention was well-received by participants; exploratory analyses suggest that adherence and attendance may be associated with improved well-being. Health economic outcome measures were collected successfully and evidence indicates that linkage with routine data would be feasible in a future trial. Conclusions: The E-PAtS Feasibility RCT has demonstrated that the research design and methods of intervention implementation are generally feasible. Consideration of the limitations of this feasibility trial and any barriers to conducting a future definitive trial, do however, need to be considered by researchers. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.isrctn.com, identifier: ISRCTN70419473.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Coulman
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Gore
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Cornwallis North East, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Gwenllian Moody
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Wright
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Segrott
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David Gillespie
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Lugg-Widger
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sungwook Kim
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jill Bradshaw
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Cornwallis North East, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel McNamara
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jahoda
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff Lindsay
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vaso Totsika
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Stanford
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha Flynn
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Annabel Carter
- Tizard Centre, University of Kent, Cornwallis North East, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Barlow
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P. Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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de Witte M, Kooijmans R, Hermanns M, van Hooren S, Biesmans K, Hermsen M, Stams GJ, Moonen X. Self-Report Stress Measures to Assess Stress in Adults With Mild Intellectual Disabilities-A Scoping Review. Front Psychol 2021; 12:742566. [PMID: 34759870 PMCID: PMC8573329 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.742566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress has a major negative impact on the development of psychopathology and contributes to the onset of adverse physical conditions. Timely recognition and monitoring of stress-related problems are therefore important, especially in client populations that are more vulnerable to stress, such as people with mild intellectual disabilities (MID). Recent research on the use of physiological measures to assess stress levels emphasize that, in addition to these measures, self-report instruments are necessary to gain insight into the individual perception and impact of stress on daily life. However, there is no current overview of self-report stress measures that focus on the experience of stress in the present moment or in daily life. To provide an overview of the existing self-report stress measures for clinicians and researchers, a scoping review was conducted. In addition, to advise clinical professionals on the use of self-report measures of stress for people with MID, the results of an expert consultation were used to refine the preliminary findings. A systematic scoping literature search resulted in a total of 13 self-reported stress measures that met the final inclusion criteria, of which three were developed specifically for assessing stress in adults with MID (GAS-ID, LI, and SAS-ID). For each included self-report stress measure, the psychometric quality, assessment procedure, and suitability for adults with MID were reported. These were supplemented by the findings from the expert consultation. Implications for clinical practice on the use of self-report stress measures, particularly for people with MID, are discussed. Recommendations for future research and development are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina de Witte
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Health and Vitality, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- KenVaK, Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Stevig, Expert Centre for People With Mild Intellectual Disabilities, Gennep, Netherlands
| | - Roel Kooijmans
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Koraal Center of Expertise, Sittard, Netherlands
| | - Maria Hermanns
- Faculty of Health and Vitality, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Susan van Hooren
- KenVaK, Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Healthcare, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Kim Biesmans
- Stevig, Expert Centre for People With Mild Intellectual Disabilities, Gennep, Netherlands
| | - Maaike Hermsen
- Faculty of Health and Vitality, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Stams
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xavier Moonen
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Koraal Center of Expertise, Sittard, Netherlands
- Faculty of Healthcare, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Fraser LK, Murtagh FEM, Aldridge J, Sheldon T, Gilbody S, Hewitt C. Health of mothers of children with a life-limiting condition: a comparative cohort study. Arch Dis Child 2021; 106:987-993. [PMID: 33653713 PMCID: PMC8461446 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to quantify the incidence rates of common mental and physical health conditions in mothers of children with a life-limiting condition. METHODS Comparative national longitudinal cohort study using linked primary and secondary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in England. Maternal-child dyads were identified in these data. Maternal physical and mental health outcomes were identified in the primary and secondary care datasets using previously developed diagnostic coding frameworks. Incidence rates of the outcomes were modelled using Poisson regression, adjusting for deprivation, ethnicity and age and accounting for time at risk. RESULTS A total of 35 683 mothers; 8950 had a child with a life-limiting condition, 8868 had a child with a chronic condition and 17 865 had a child with no long-term condition.The adjusted incidence rates of all of the physical and mental health conditions were significantly higher in the mothers of children with a life-limiting condition when compared with those mothers with a child with no long-term condition (eg, depression: incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.21, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.30; cardiovascular disease: IRR 1.73, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.36; death in mothers: IRR 1.59, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.18). CONCLUSION This study clearly demonstrates the higher incidence rates of common and serious physical and mental health problems and death in mothers of children with a life-limiting condition. Further research is required to understand how best to support these mothers, but healthcare providers should consider how they can target this population to provide preventative and treatment services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fliss EM Murtagh
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Jan Aldridge
- Clinical Psychology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Trevor Sheldon
- School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Lloyd J, Bjornstad G, Borek A, Cuffe-Fuller B, Fredlund M, McDonald A, Tarrant M, Berry V, Wilkinson K, Mitchell S, Gillett A, Logan S, Morris C. Healthy Parent Carers programme: mixed methods process evaluation and refinement of a health promotion intervention. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045570. [PMID: 34433591 PMCID: PMC8388296 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parent carers of children with special educational needs or disability are at risk of poorer mental and physical health. In response to these needs, we codeveloped the 'Healthy Parent Carers' (HPC) programme. This study examined the views and experiences of participants in the HPC feasibility trial to inform programme refinement. INTERVENTION, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS HPC is a peer-led group-based intervention (supported by online materials) for primary carers of disabled children, encouraging behaviours linked with health and well-being. It was delivered by two lead and six assistant peer facilitators in six community sites (one lead and one assistant per group) in South West England over six or 12 sessions. Control participants had online materials only. The trial involved 47 intervention and 45 control parent carers (97% female and 97% white) and eight facilitators (one male). DESIGN A preplanned mixed methods process evaluation using questionnaires and checklists (during and after the intervention), qualitative interviews with participants after intervention (n=18) and a focus group with facilitators after trial. RESULTS HPC was highly acceptable to participants and facilitators and experiences were very positive. Participants reported that the programme increased awareness of what parent carers could and could not change and their self-efficacy to engage in health-promoting behaviours. The intended mechanisms of action (social identification and peer support) matched participants' expectations and experiences. Control participants found the online-only programme flexible but isolating, as there were no opportunities to share ideas and problem solve with peers, the key function of the programme. Areas for improvement were identified for programme content, facilitator training and delivery. CONCLUSION HPC was acceptable, well received and offers considerable potential to improve the health of parent carers. Under the pandemic, the challenge going forward is how best to maintain reach and fidelity to function while delivering a more virtual programme. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN151144652.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lloyd
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Relational Health Group, Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Gretchen Bjornstad
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Aleksandra Borek
- Medical Sciences Division, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Beth Cuffe-Fuller
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mary Fredlund
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Annabel McDonald
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark Tarrant
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Vashti Berry
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kath Wilkinson
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Siobhan Mitchell
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Annette Gillett
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stuart Logan
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Christopher Morris
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Bjornstad G, Cuffe-Fuller B, Ukoumunne OC, Fredlund M, McDonald A, Wilkinson K, Lloyd J, Hawton A, Berry V, Tarrant M, Borek A, Fitzpatrick K, Gillett A, Rhodes S, Logan S, Morris C. Healthy Parent Carers: feasibility randomised controlled trial of a peer-led group-based health promotion intervention for parent carers of disabled children. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:144. [PMID: 34301334 PMCID: PMC8298691 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parent carers of children with special educational needs or disability are at higher risk of poor mental and physical health. The need for a tailored, peer-led group programme was raised by parent carers, who co-developed the Healthy Parent Carers programme with researchers. This study aimed to test the feasibility of programme delivery in community settings, and the feasibility and acceptability of a randomised controlled trial design. Methods Participants were individually randomised with concealed allocation to a structured group programme and access to online resources (intervention), or access to the online resources only (control). Measures of wellbeing and secondary and economic outcomes were collected before randomisation, immediately post-intervention, and 6 months post-intervention. Descriptive statistics on recruitment and attrition, demographics, attendance, and fidelity of intervention delivery were analysed with feedback on the acceptability of the trial design. Results One hundred and ninety-three parent carers expressed an interest in taking part. Ninety-two participants recruited from across six sites were randomised (47 intervention, 45 control). Lead and assistant facilitators were trained and delivered the group sessions. Sixteen (34%) participants in the intervention arm did not attend any sessions, and attendance varied across sites and sessions. One participant withdrew post-randomisation, and 83 (90%) participants completed outcome measures at the six-month follow-up. Conclusions The study demonstrated that it was feasible to deliver the programme in community settings. The number of parent carers who expressed interest signifies the need for such a programme and the feasibility of recruiting to a definitive trial. Loss to follow-up was low. Further research is needed to explore ways to reduce barriers to participation in person and assess the feasibility and acceptability of programme content and delivery for more ethnically diverse groups, and potentially using interpreters. Given the Covid-19 pandemic and delivery format feedback, there is also a need to investigate remote or blended delivery strategies. Although the results indicate that a definitive trial is feasible, programme impact would be strengthened through exploration of these uncertainties. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN15144652, registered on 25 October 2018, ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03705221, registered on 15 October 2018. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-021-00881-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Bjornstad
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK.,NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Beth Cuffe-Fuller
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Obioha C Ukoumunne
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Mary Fredlund
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK.,NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Annabel McDonald
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Kath Wilkinson
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Jenny Lloyd
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK.,Relational Health Group, Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Annie Hawton
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK.,Health Economics Group and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (PenARC) South West Peninsula, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Vashti Berry
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Mark Tarrant
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Aleksandra Borek
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
| | - Katharine Fitzpatrick
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Annette Gillett
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Shelley Rhodes
- Exeter Clinical Trials Unit, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Stuart Logan
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK.,NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Christopher Morris
- Peninsula Childhood Disability Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK.,NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula (PenARC), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
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Ketcheson LR, Pitchford EA. Promoting physical activity participation and nutrition education through a telehealth intervention for children on the autism spectrum and their caregivers. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 107:106496. [PMID: 34216816 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing empirical support which suggests children on the autism spectrum, as well as their caregivers experience significant health disparities. The global COVID-19 pandemic has only magnified the need to address health among vulnerable populations. While there has been a growing trend in the delivery of telehealth interventions, the delivery of such methods for children on the autism spectrum, and their caregivers remains relatively under examined. The primary goal of PLANE (Physical Literacy And Nutrition Education) is to promote positive trajectories of health for children on the autism spectrum and their primary caregivers through the delivery of a telehealth physical activity and nutrition education program. The study is a pre-experimental analysis of PLANE across 12 months. All activities will be delivered virtually through weekly synchronous and asynchronous programming. A total of 180 participants will be enrolled in this intervention, including children on the autism spectrum and caregivers. Each week a new physical activity skill along with opportunities for recipe assembly will be delivered remotely. Supplemental material will be disseminated online including; step by step directions outlining behavioral skill methodology, opportunities for additional skill practice, and reading material that support weekly topics. Study outcomes will be examined in the parent-child dyad and include rates of overweight/obesity, physical activity, nutrition and quality of life. Finally, feasibility of the telehealth intervention will also be measured. Justification for the conceptualization and delivery of PLANE is well warranted, and PLANE represents a promising intervention which is scalable, sustainable, and replicable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Andrew Pitchford
- Iowa State University, 111D Forker, 534 Wallace Rd, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America.
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Rydzewska E, Dunn K, Cooper SA, Kinnear D. Mental ill-health in mothers of people with intellectual disabilities compared with mothers of typically developing people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:501-534. [PMID: 33738865 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mothers of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) face exceptional challenges and may be more prone to experiencing mental ill-health compared with mothers of typically developing people. These mental ill-health problems may differ at different stages of the caregiving trajectory. However, there is no evidence synthesis on this topic. We aimed to systematically review evidence in this area and identify gaps in the existing literature. METHOD Prospero registration: CRD42018088197. Medline, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases were searched. No time limits were applied. Studies were limited to English language. Inclusion criteria were studies of mothers of people with IDs that also included a comparison group of mothers of typically developing/developed children. Data were extracted from selected studies using a structured database. Study selection and quality appraisal were double rated. Where possible, meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS Of the retrieved articles, 32/3089 were included, of which 10 reported on anxiety, 21 on depression and 23 on other indicators of mental ill-health. Overall, previous studies reported that mothers of people with IDs experienced poorer mental health as compared with mothers of typically developing people. Meta-analyses revealed significant findings for anxiety, depression, parenting stress, emotional burden and common mental disorders, but not for somatic symptoms. However, there was a considerable heterogeneity; hence, interpretation of results should be cautious. Identified gaps included scarce research on mental ill-health of mothers of adults with IDs at different stages of the caregiving trajectory. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence of poorer mental ill-health in mothers of people with IDs compared with mothers of typically developing people, but lack of focus on different stages of the caregiving trajectory, methodological inconsistencies between studies and lack of robust studies pose limitations. This highlights the need both for improved support for mothers of people with IDs and for further methodologically robust research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rydzewska
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - K Dunn
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S-A Cooper
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Kinnear
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Baker K, Devine RT, Ng-Cordell E, Raymond FL, Hughes C. Childhood intellectual disability and parents' mental health: integrating social, psychological and genetic influences. Br J Psychiatry 2021; 218:315-322. [PMID: 32157975 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2020.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intellectual disability has a complex effect on the well-being of affected individuals and their families. Previous research has identified multiple risk and protective factors for parental mental health, including socioeconomic circumstances and child behaviour. AIMS This study explored whether genetic cause of childhood intellectual disability contributes to parental well-being. METHOD Children from across the UK with intellectual disability due to diverse genetic causes were recruited to the IMAGINE-ID study. Primary carers completed the Development and Well-being Assessment, including a measure of parental distress (Everyday Feeling Questionnaire). Genetic diagnoses were broadly categorised into aneuploidy, chromosomal rearrangements, copy number variants (CNVs) and single nucleotide variants. RESULTS Compared with the UK general population, IMAGINE-ID parents (n = 888) reported significantly elevated emotional distress (Cohen's d = 0.546). Within-sample variation was related to recent life events and the perceived impact of children's difficulties. Impact was predicted by child age, physical disability, autistic characteristics and other behavioural difficulties. Genetic diagnosis also predicted impact, indirectly influencing parental well-being. Specifically, CNVs were associated with higher impact, not explained by CNV inheritance, neighbourhood deprivation or family structure. CONCLUSIONS The mental health of parents caring for a child with intellectual disability is influenced by child and family factors, converging on parental appraisal of impact. We found that genetic aetiologies, broadly categorised, also influence impact and thereby family risks. Recognition of these risk factors could improve access to support for parents, reduce their long-term mental health needs and improve well-being of individuals with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Baker
- Programme Leader Track and Honorary Consultant in Clinical Genetics, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Rory T Devine
- Lecturer in Developmental Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Elise Ng-Cordell
- Research Assistant, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- Professor of Medical Genetics and Neurodevelopment, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Claire Hughes
- Professor and Deputy Director, Centre for Family Research, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK
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YARAR F, BAYRAMOĞLU S, ŞENOL H. COVID-19 Pandemi Döneminin Özel Gereksinimli Çocuk Annelerinde Anksiyete ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. DÜZCE ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI ENSTITÜSÜ DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.33631/duzcesbed.871934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Langley E, Totsika V, Hastings RP, Bailey T. Family Relationships and Their Associations With Perceptions of Family Functioning in Mothers of Children With Intellectual Disability. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 126:187-202. [PMID: 33910238 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-126.3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We explored whether reports of three dyadic relationships (marital/partner, parent-child, sibling) were related to perceptions of family functioning in 467 mothers of children with intellectual disability aged 4-15 years. Structural equation models were fitted to examine associations between relationship indicators and family functioning. The final structural model showed that partner relationship satisfaction, partner disagreement, child-parent conflict, and sibling relationship warmth accounted for the most variance in family functioning, with partner relationship satisfaction having the strongest positive association. Dimensions of dyadic relationships appear to be associated with broader constructs of family functioning in this sample of mothers, signifying the potential for systemic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Langley
- Emma Langley, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | - Tom Bailey
- Richard P. Hastings and Tom Bailey, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Bailey T, Hastings RP, Totsika V. COVID-19 impact on psychological outcomes of parents, siblings and children with intellectual disability: longitudinal before and during lockdown design. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:397-404. [PMID: 33634520 PMCID: PMC8013753 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children with intellectual disability (ID) report comparatively lower levels of well-being than parents of children without ID. Similarly, children with ID, and to a lesser extent their siblings, are reported to show comparatively higher levels of behaviour and emotional problems. Psychological problems may be accentuated by restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, due to increased social, caring and economic stressors and reduced social support. However, existing studies have not been able to examine the impact of COVID-19 restrictions accounting for pre-COVID levels of well-being in these families. In a naturalistic design, we examined outcomes for parents, siblings and children with ID in a two-wave longitudinal study where Wave 2 data were gathered for some families before and some during COVID-19 restrictions. METHODS Parents of children with ID who took part in a Wave 2 survey pre-lockdown (n = 294) and during/post-lockdown (n = 103) completed a number of measures about their well-being and the behaviour and emotional problems of both their child with ID and their nearest-in-age sibling. These same measures had also been completed for all families 2-3 years previously in Wave 1 of the study. RESULTS After accounting for covariates including family socio-economic circumstances, pre-lockdown and post-lockdown groups did not differ on Waves 1 to 2 change for measures of parental psychological distress, life satisfaction, the impact of caregiving on their lives or perceived positive gains; nor child or sibling internalising or externalising behaviour problems. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the current study indicate that during and shortly after the COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom, well-being in families of children with an ID (as reported by parents) was at similar levels compared with prior to the lockdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Bailey
- CEDARUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - R. P. Hastings
- CEDARUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - V. Totsika
- CEDARUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVicAustralia
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Sapiets SJ, Totsika V, Hastings RP. Factors influencing access to early intervention for families of children with developmental disabilities: A narrative review. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 34:695-711. [PMID: 33354863 PMCID: PMC8246771 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early intervention (EI) can improve a range of outcomes for families of children with developmental disabilities. However, research indicates the level of access does not always match the level of need. To address disparities, it is essential to identify factors influencing access. METHOD We propose a framework where access to EI is conceptualised as a process that includes three main phases. A narrative review examined potential barriers, facilitators and modifiers of access for each phase. RESULTS The process of access to EI includes the following: 1) recognition of need, 2) identification or diagnosis and 3) EI provision or receipt. Several factors affecting access to EI for each phase were identified, related to the family, services, the intersection between family and services, and the context. CONCLUSION A broad range of factors appear to influence the process of access to EI for this population. Our framework can be used in future research investigating access. Broad implications for policy, practice and future research to improve access to EI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzi J. Sapiets
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR)University of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Vasiliki Totsika
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR)University of WarwickCoventryUK
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityClayton VIC 3800Australia
| | - Richard P. Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR)University of WarwickCoventryUK
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityClayton VIC 3800Australia
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The Expert in the Room: Parental Advocacy for Children with Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2021; 42:213-219. [PMID: 33156138 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Owing to fragmentation in the medical system, many parents of children with disabilities report taking on a care coordinator and advocate role. The parental advocacy and care coordination requirements are further amplified in this population because of a lack of awareness about sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) in medical and social services settings, as well as the complex needs of affected children. This burden disproportionately affects mothers and low-resource families as a result of gendered ideas of parenthood and social stratification in resource access. The aim of this study is to understand the unique parental burdens of SCAs and family support needs. METHODS We conducted 43 interviews with individuals with SCAs and/or their parents and qualitatively coded and analyzed the transcripts for themes relating to parent advocacy, medical services, social and educational services, and coping. RESULTS Our findings indicate that parents must repeatedly advocate for their concerns about their child to be taken seriously before diagnosis and continue to advocate for services and interventions throughout childhood and adolescence. Parents also report the need to educate health care professionals about their child's medical condition. A majority of the parent participants were women, and single mothers reported high levels of emotional burden. CONCLUSION Parents of children with SCAs shoulder additional roles of medical advocate and care coordinator. This causes excessive burden on families but also disadvantages families in which parents are unable to act as an advocate for their child.
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Day JJ, Hodges J, Mazzucchelli TG, Sofronoff K, Sanders MR, Einfeld S, Tonge B, Gray KM. Coercive parenting: modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors in parents of children with developmental disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2021; 65:306-319. [PMID: 33506597 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children with developmental or intellectual disabilities tend to report greater use of coercive parenting practices relative to parents of typically developing children, increasing the risk of adverse child outcomes. However, to date, there is limited research exploring the role and relative contribution of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors in parents of children with a disability. The present study aimed to explore the role of various modifiable and nonmodifiable parenting, family and sociodemographic factors associated with the use of coercive parenting practices in parents of children with a disability. METHODS Caregivers (N = 1392) enrolled in the Mental Health of Young People with Developmental Disabilities (MHYPeDD) programme in Australia completed a cross-sectional survey about their parenting and their child aged 2-12 years with a disability. Measures covered a range of domains including relevant demographic and family background, use of coercive parenting practices, intensity of child behavioural difficulties and questions relating to parent and family functioning such as parental self-efficacy, adjustment difficulties and quality of family relationships. RESULTS Parents of older children, those who were younger at the birth of their child, and parents who were co-parenting or working reported more use of coercive parenting practices. Greater intensity of child difficulties, poorer parental self-efficacy and parent-child relationships, and more parental adjustment difficulties were also significantly associated with more use of coercive parenting. Examination of the relative contribution of variables revealed parent-child relationship was a key contributing factor, followed by intensity of child behaviour problems, parent adjustment and parent confidence. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight a range of factors that should be targeted and modified through upstream prevention programmes and further inform our understanding of how coercive practices may be influenced through targeted parenting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Day
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Family Action Centre, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Hodges
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - T G Mazzucchelli
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Child and Family Research Group, Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health Research Group, School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - K Sofronoff
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M R Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Einfeld
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B Tonge
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - K M Gray
- Centre for Developmental Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Ericson S, Hesla MW, Stadskleiv K. Gaining super control: Psychoeducational group intervention for adolescents with mild intellectual disability and their parents. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2021; 26:1744629521995373. [PMID: 33722098 PMCID: PMC9168904 DOI: 10.1177/1744629521995373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents with intellectual disability experience psychological and social challenges in their transition to adulthood. Knowledge about the diagnosis and insight into own strengths and difficulties can help them manage the limitations and barriers they face, but suitable interventions with this purpose are scarce. The present paper presents a psychoeducational group intervention, The Super Control Project, for adolescents (15-17 years old) with mild intellectual disability (n = 23) and their parents. In a pre-post design, adolescent outcome data was obtained through teacher and parent questionnaires, and interviews with the adolescents. Parents and adolescents also evaluated the interventions' usefulness. Results indicated positive impact on participants' understanding of the diagnosis, managing of everyday challenges, and social networking. The intervention seemed to fit the participants' needs and abilities. The study encourages further implementation and rigorous evaluation.
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Huang SY, Chang CC, Lin CS, Yeh CC, Lin JA, Cherng YG, Chen TL, Liao CC. Adverse outcomes after major surgery in children with intellectual disability. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:211-217. [PMID: 33131081 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate outcomes after major surgery in children and adolescents with intellectual disability. METHOD We used 2004 to 2013 claims data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance programme to conduct a nested cohort study, which included 220 292 surgical patients aged 6 to 17 years. A propensity score matching procedure was used to select 2173 children with intellectual disability and 21 730 children without intellectual disability for comparison. Logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the postoperative complications and 30-day mortality associated with intellectual disability. RESULTS Children with intellectual disability had a higher risk of postoperative pneumonia (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.48-3.15; p<0.001), sepsis (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.28-2.18; p<0.001), and 30-day mortality (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.05-3.93; p=0.013) compared with children without intellectual disability. Children with intellectual disability also had longer lengths of hospital stay (p<0.001) and higher medical expenditure (p<0.001) when compared with children with no intellectual disability. INTERPRETATION Children with intellectual disability experienced more complications and higher 30-day mortality after surgery when compared with children without intellectual disability. There is an urgent need to revise the protocols for the perioperative care of this specific population. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Surgical patients with intellectual disability are at increased risk of postoperative pneumonia, sepsis, and 30-day mortality. Intellectual disability is associated with higher medical expenditure and increased length of stay in hospital after surgical procedures. The influence of intellectual disability on postoperative outcomes is consistent in both sexes and those aged 10 to 17 years. Low income and a history of fractures significantly impacts postoperative adverse events for patients with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Chau Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Shun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jui-An Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Giun Cherng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Liang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Umar AB, Yakasai AM, Danazumi MS, Shehu UT, Badaru UM, Kaka B. Assessment of family needs of children with cerebral palsy in Northern-Nigeria: A cross-sectional study. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2021; 14:265-274. [PMID: 34092657 DOI: 10.3233/prm-200696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the needs and priorities of parents of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in order to improve care by increasing family participation in rehabilitation programmes. METHODS This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted between January to March 2019. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 43 family members (18 years and above) of children with CP who came to the physiotherapy departments for rehabilitation services for their children. Fisher's exact test was used to analyse the association between socio-demographic characteristics and each of the need items. RESULTS Five different items were identified to be the family needs that were most frequently met: a) 'need for active involvement in the child's treatment and therapies' (n= 40; 93.0%), b) 'need for the provision of standard medical care (n= 39; 90.7%), c) 'need for questions to be answered honestly' (n= 38; 88.4%), d) 'need for healthcare professionals to respect the child's wishes' (n= 36; 83.7%), e) 'need for mothers to discuss their feelings (depression, stress etc.) with someone who has similar experience' (n= 36; 83.7%). Conversely, three items were the most unmet family needs: a) 'need to have professionals to consult whenever the child needs help' (n= 39; 90.7%), b) 'need to be informed about the child's prognosis' (n= 41; 95.3%), and c) 'need to have financial support to provide the child with adequate care' (n= 43; 100%). CONCLUSION All participants overwhelmingly reported that their financial needs were their highest priority. The multiple needs of families of children with disabilities must be assessed and considered in rehabilitation services when treating children with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi B Umar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Sir. Muhammad Sanusi Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Abdulsalam M Yakasai
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Medical Rehabilitation Therapist Board of Nigeria, Kano Zonal Office, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Musa S Danazumi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Center, Nguru Yobe, Nigeria.,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Usman T Shehu
- Department of Public Health, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
| | - Umaru M Badaru
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Bashir Kaka
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
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de Witte M, Lindelauf E, Moonen X, Stams GJ, van Hooren S. Music Therapy Interventions for Stress Reduction in Adults With Mild Intellectual Disabilities: Perspectives From Clinical Practice. Front Psychol 2020; 11:572549. [PMID: 33362637 PMCID: PMC7759728 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is increasingly being recognized as one of the main factors that is negatively affecting our health, and therefore there is a need to regulate daily stress and prevent long-term stress. This need seems particularly important for adults with mild intellectual disabilities (MID) who have been shown to have more difficulties coping with stress than adults without intellectual disabilities. Hence, the development of music therapy interventions for stress reduction, particularly within populations where needs may be greater, is becoming increasingly important. In order to gain more insight into the practice-based knowledge on how music therapists lower stress levels of their patients with MID during music therapy sessions, we conducted focus group interviews with music therapists working with adults with MID (N = 13) from different countries and clinical institutions in Europe. Results provide an overview of the most-used interventions for stress reduction within and outside of music. Data-analysis resulted in the further specification of therapeutic goals, intervention techniques, the use of musical instruments, and related therapeutic change factors. The main findings indicate that music therapists used little to no receptive (e.g., music listening) interventions for stress reduction, but preferred to use active interventions, which were mainly based on musical improvisation. Results show that three therapy goals for stress relief could be distinguished. The goal of “synchronizing” can be seen as a sub goal because it often precedes working on the other two goals of “tension release” or “direct relaxation,” which can also be seen as two ways of reaching stress reduction in adults with MID through music therapy interventions. Furthermore, the tempo and the dynamics of the music are considered as the most important musical components to reduce stress in adults with MID. Practical implications for stress-reducing music therapy interventions for adults with MID are discussed as well as recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina de Witte
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Academy of Health and Vitality, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Stevig, Expert Centre for People with Mild Intellectual Disabilities, Gennep, Netherlands.,KenVaK, Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lindelauf
- Academy of Health and Vitality, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Xavier Moonen
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Faculty of Healthcare, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Stams
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susan van Hooren
- KenVaK, Research Centre for the Arts Therapies, Heerlen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Healthcare, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Kabasakal E, Özcebe H, Arslan U. Are the health needs of children with disabilities being met at primary schools? JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2020; 24:448-458. [PMID: 30621499 DOI: 10.1177/1744629518818657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide current information about the health profile and needs of mainstreamed primary school children with disabilities and special educational needs during their school hours. The Study population is composed of students with special educational needs and disabilities attending mainstream primary schools located in three selected Turkish districts with low, moderate, and high socioeconomic status and literacy rates separately. Parents of 404 students from 72 primary schools constituted the research sample. The study showed that 13.4% of the students with disabilities had chronic illnesses and 8.9% had health problems requiring access to emergency medical care when the condition recurs (such as epileptic seizures, fainting, or falling). Of the students with disabilities, 39.9% usually or sometimes needed medical care during school hours in the previous week. Health needs of nearly half of the students with disabilities were met at school. Special health needs and risks of children with disabilities also continue at school along with other possible health concerns.
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Kjaerandsen KS, Handegård BH, Brøndbo PH, Halvorsen MB. Parental mental health screening in a neuropaediatric sample: Psychometric properties of the Everyday Feeling Questionnaire and variables associated with parental mental health. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 34:648-658. [PMID: 33215810 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many previous studies have highlighted distress in parents of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Further knowledge about the relationship between parental mental health and children's characteristics could help neuropaediatric services improve treatment. The current study examined the applicability of the Everyday Feeling Questionnaire (EFQ) as a screening tool for parental mental health in a neuropaediatric sample. METHODS Children and adolescents (N = 299) referred to neurodevelopmental/neurological assessment at neuropaediatric outpatient clinics in Northern Norway were assessed for concurrent mental health problems; one of their parents completed the EFQ. RESULTS The EFQ items loaded highly on a general mental health factor. Parental mental health was more strongly associated with child functional impairment than child emotional/conduct difficulties; it was not associated with child neurodevelopmental disorders. CONCLUSIONS The EFQ is a suitable screening tool for parental mental health in a neuropaediatric population. Child functional impairment seems an important predictor of parental mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjørn Helge Handegård
- RKBU Nord, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT Arctic University of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per Håkan Brøndbo
- RKBU Nord, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT Arctic University of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marianne Berg Halvorsen
- Department of Paediatric Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Fahmie TA, Garcia AR, Poetry JH, Tierman EM, Hamawe R, Marks ST, Jin S. Topographies and functions of emerging problem behavior and appropriate requests in neurotypical preschoolers. J Appl Behav Anal 2020; 53:2199-2214. [PMID: 32700822 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The current study builds on a small but growing body of research evaluating the formal and functional characteristics of emerging problem behavior before it becomes harmful and requires costly treatment. The researchers tested 21 preschool children's sensitivity to establishing operations that commonly precede severe problem behavior. Sensitivity tests were embedded in a small group play context to optimize safety, efficiency, and ecological validity. The tests screened several levels of problem-behavior severity as well as the presence of adaptive alternatives (i.e., communication) to problem behavior. Overall, outcomes suggested sources of reinforcement for minor- and moderate-severity problem behavior in 86% of children. Only 17% of children exhibiting problem behavior also engaged in appropriate requests in the same condition(s) as problem behavior. The present data are compared to published functional analyses of severe behavior. The results are discussed as a preliminary step towards a function-based model of risk identification and behavioral prevention of severe problem behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Fahmie
- Psychology Department, California State University, Northridge
| | - Amanda R Garcia
- Psychology Department, California State University, Northridge
| | | | - Emily M Tierman
- Psychology Department, California State University, Northridge
| | - Rima Hamawe
- Psychology Department, California State University, Northridge
| | - Sarah T Marks
- Psychology Department, California State University, Northridge
| | - Sandy Jin
- Psychology Department, California State University, Northridge
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45
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Rizvi Jafree S, Burhan SK. Health challenges of mothers with special needs children in Pakistan and the importance of integrating health social workers. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2020; 59:408-429. [PMID: 32614737 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2020.1781738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is concern that mothers of special needs children in developing countries like Pakistan are neglected populations facing hidden health challenges. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinds of health challenges mothers experience and to highlight the role of health social workers in supporting the needs of mothers. Twenty-one mothers were sampled across three cities and findings were analyzed through a thematic content analysis approach. Findings revealed that mothers faced significant and salient challenges under eight sub-categories of mental health and six sub-categories of physical health. We recommend that health social workers collaborate with healthcare practitioners to improve health services for mothers and also coordinate with other social workers, community members, and policymakers for improving both social and structural support for special needs families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rizvi Jafree
- Department of Sociology, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Khadija Burhan
- Department of Education, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) , Lahore, Pakistan
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46
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Kwon J, Kim SY, Yeob KE, Han HS, Lee KH, Shin DW, Kim YY, Park JH, Park JH, Kawachi I. Differences in diagnosis, treatment, and survival rate of acute myeloid leukemia with or without disabilities: A national cohort study in the Republic of Korea. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5335-5344. [PMID: 32491262 PMCID: PMC7402831 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the patterns of diagnosis, treatment, and prognoses of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with and without disabilities. The data were collected from the National Disability Database, the Korean Central Cancer Registry, and the Korean National Health Insurance claim database. We built a cohort of 2 776 450 people with disabilities and a nondisabled cohort of 8 329 350 people who were selected at a ratio of 1:3 by matching age and sex. From this population, adult patients who were diagnosed with AML were analyzed. The number of patients with AML were 26.74 per 100 000 in people without disabilities and 20.39 per 100 000 in those with disabilities (P < .0001). The proportion of AML patients receiving chemotherapy and those of patients receiving transplants were significantly lower in the disabled population than that of nondisabled populations (71.2% vs 77.1%, P = .0031, and 17.5% vs 26.9%, P = .002). This trend was more pronounced in subgroups of communication disability and major internal organ disorder. The median survival was 10.8 months for patients with disabilities, which was significantly shorter than 17.1 months for those without a disability (P = .002). Individuals with disabilities have a low diagnosis rate of AML and undergo less active treatment, which results in inferior prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kwon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,College of Medicine/Graduate School of Health Science Business Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyoung Eun Yeob
- College of Medicine/Graduate School of Health Science Business Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Han
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ki Hyeong Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Supportive Care Center/Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Yong Kim
- Big Data Steering Department, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jong Heon Park
- Big Data Steering Department, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jong Hyock Park
- College of Medicine/Graduate School of Health Science Business Convergence, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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47
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Doherty AJ, Jones SP, Chauhan U, Gibson J. Eating well, living well and weight management: A co-produced semi-qualitative study of barriers and facilitators experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2020; 24:158-176. [PMID: 29764278 DOI: 10.1177/1744629518773938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adults with intellectual disabilities in England experience health inequalities. They are more likely than their non-disabled peers to be obese and at risk of serious medical conditions such as heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. This semi-qualitative study engaged adults with intellectual disabilities in a co-production process to explore their perceived barriers and facilitators to eating well, living well and weight management. Nineteen participants with intellectual disabilities took part in four focus groups and one wider group discussion. They were supported by eight of their carers or support workers. Several barriers were identified including personal income restrictions, carers' and support workers' unmet training needs, a lack of accessible information, inaccessible services and societal barriers such as the widespread advertising of less healthy foodstuffs. A key theme of frustration with barriers emerged from analysis of participants' responses. Practical solutions suggested by participants included provision of clear and accessible healthy lifestyle information, reasonable adjustments to services, training, 'buddying' support systems or schemes and collaborative working to improve policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Doherty
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health & Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, UK
| | - S P Jones
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health & Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, UK
| | - U Chauhan
- MacKenzie Chair in Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire
| | - Jme Gibson
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health & Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, UK
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48
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Langley E, Totsika V, Hastings RP. Psychological well-being of fathers with and without a child with intellectual disability: a population-based study. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2020; 64:399-413. [PMID: 31749233 PMCID: PMC7317393 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the well-being of fathers of children with intellectual disability (ID), despite the significant role that they play in their children's lives. The current study compared fathers of children with and without a child with ID on measures of psychological well-being (life satisfaction, work-family balance and general health) and dimensions of parenting (parenting self-efficacy and parent-child closeness) and then examined whether the presence of a child with ID in the family was a significant predictor of paternal well-being when controlling for a number of father (age, education, employment and residency), child (ID status, gender, behavioural and emotional problems) and family (income poverty and number of children in the household) variables. METHODS Data were drawn from the third wave of the Millennium Cohort Study, a UK population-representative and cohort study, where the cohort child was 5 years of age; 256 fathers were identified as having a child with ID, with data available for 10 187 fathers without a child with ID. Fathers were compared on the four well-being and parenting outcomes and then multiple regression models were conducted to explore associations between these outcomes and variables identified as potential correlates of well-being. RESULTS Initial group comparisons showed that there were differences in the well-being of fathers, with fathers of children with ID reporting poorer life satisfaction and general health. However, these differences were small. Regression analyses showed that child behavioural and emotional problems, living in income poverty and paternal employment were more important than disability status in predicting fathers' well-being. CONCLUSIONS These works add to the limited amount of research on fathers using population-representative data. The current findings are consistent with rejecting a general simplistic and negative narrative that raising a child with ID puts fathers at risk of poorer outcomes. However, some fathers, such as those with children with behavioural problems and living in poverty, may require greater support. Future longitudinal research that explores the impact of paternal well-being on the long-term outcomes of children with and without ID is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Langley
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR)University of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - V. Totsika
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR)University of WarwickCoventryUK
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - R. P. Hastings
- Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR)University of WarwickCoventryUK
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49
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Masefield SC, Prady SL, Sheldon TA, Small N, Jarvis S, Pickett KE. The Caregiver Health Effects of Caring for Young Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Meta-analysis. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24:561-574. [PMID: 32048172 PMCID: PMC7170980 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-02896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mothers of school age and older children with developmental disabilities experience poorer health than mothers of typically developing children. This review assesses the evidence for the effect on mothers' health of caring for young children with developmental disabilities, and the influence of different disability diagnoses and socioeconomic status. METHODS Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched. Studies measuring at least one symptom, using a quantitative scale, in mothers of preschool children (0-5 years) with and without a diagnosed developmental disability were selected. Random effects meta-analysis was performed, and predictive intervals reported due to high expected heterogeneity. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 23 estimates of association from 14 retrospective studies for the outcomes of stress (n = 11), depressive symptoms (n = 9), general health (n = 2) and fatigue (n = 1). Caring for a child with a developmental disability was associated with greater ill health (standardised mean difference 0.87; 95% predictive interval - 0.47, 2.22). The largest association was for mixed developmental disabilities (1.36; - 0.64, 3.36) and smallest for Down syndrome (0.38; - 2.17, 2.92). There was insufficient socioeconomic information to perform subgroup analysis. The small number of studies and data heterogeneity limited the precision of the estimates of association and generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Mothers of young children with developmental disabilities may have poorer health than those with typically developing children. Research is needed to identify whether the relationship is causal and, if so, interventions that could reduce the negative effect of caregiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Masefield
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Stephanie L Prady
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Trevor A Sheldon
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Neil Small
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Stuart Jarvis
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Kate E Pickett
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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50
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Gallagher AL, Galvin R, Robinson K, Murphy CA, Conway PF, Perry A. The characteristics, life circumstances and self-concept of 13 year olds with and without disabilities in Ireland: A secondary analysis of the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229599. [PMID: 32168358 PMCID: PMC7069612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based studies provide important data to inform policy and service planning for vulnerable children in society. The aim of this study was to characterise social and educational circumstances and self-concept among a nationally representative sample of 13 year olds with developmental disabilities in Ireland. METHODS A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of data collected from the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the reported prevalence of disabilities as reported by parents. Differences across the groups (those with and without disabilities) were analysed in relation to gender, socio-economic and school factors. Special education support received in school was described. The association between low self-concept scores (as measured by the Piers Harris Self-Concept Scales 2) and disability type was examined by use of multi-level logistic regression. RESULTS Seventeen percent (17.36%) of the sample was reported to have a diagnosis of one or more developmental disabilities. Those with a disability were more likely to live in poorer households, have poorer health status, to experience more episodes of bullying at school, and to have more negative views of school (p<0.05) than their typically-developing peers. Forty nine percent of children with developmental disabilities were not receiving support in school as reported by parents. Discrepancies in the nature of support received were identified across disability types. Adjusting for individual and school level factors, a disability diagnosis was associated with increased odds of low self-concept scores on three of five self-concept domains. Further associations were identified which differed across disability type. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that 13 year olds with a disability in Ireland have complex social and educational needs. Findings also suggest significant levels of unmet educational need across this age group. Apparent inequities in access to support in school require further investigation. Reliable measures to provide robust prevalence figures about childhood disabilities in Ireland are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Lily Gallagher
- Health Research Institute, School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rose Galvin
- Ageing Research Centre, Health Research Institute, School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Katie Robinson
- Ageing Research Centre, Health Research Institute, School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Carol-Anne Murphy
- Health Research Institute, School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Alison Perry
- Health Research Institute, School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Ireland
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