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Li Y, Tan Y, Ren L, Li Q, Sui J, Liu S. Structural and expression analysis of the dopamine receptors reveals their crucial roles in regulating the insulin signaling pathway in oysters. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125703. [PMID: 37414315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine performs its critical role upon binding to receptors. Since dopamine receptors are numerous and versatile, understanding their protein structures and evolution status, and identifying the key receptors involved in the modulation of insulin signaling will provide essential clues to investigate the molecular mechanism of neuroendocrine regulating the growth in invertebrates. In this study, seven dopamine receptors were identified in the Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and were classified into four subtypes according to their protein secondary and tertiary structures, and ligand-binding activities. Of which, DR2 (dopamine receptor 2) and D(2)RA-like (D(2) dopamine receptor A-like) were considered the invertebrate-specific type 1 and type 2 dopamine receptors, respectively. Expression analysis indicated that the DR2 and D(2)RA-like were highly expressed in the fast-growing oyster "Haida No.1". After in vitro incubation of ganglia and adductor muscle with exogenous dopamine and dopamine receptor antagonists, the expression of these two dopamine receptors and ILPs (insulin-like peptides) was also significantly affected. Dual-fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed that D(2)RA-like and DR2 were co-localized with MIRP3 (molluscan insulin-related peptide 3) and MIRP3-like (molluscan insulin-related peptide 3-like) in the visceral ganglia, and were co-localized with ILP (insulin-like peptide) in the adductor muscle. Furthermore, the downstream components of dopamine signaling, including PKA, ERK, CREB, CaMKK1, AKT, and GSK3β were also significantly affected by the exogenous dopamine and dopamine receptor antagonists. These findings confirmed that dopamine might affect the secretion of ILPs through the invertebrate-specific dopamine receptors D(2)RA-like and DR2, and thus played crucial roles in the growth regulation of the Pacific oysters. Our study establishes the potential regulatory relationship between the dopaminergic system and insulin-like signaling pathway in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Liting Ren
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianxin Sui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Darcey VL, Guo J, Courville AB, Gallagher I, Avery JA, Simmons WK, Ingeholm JE, Herscovitch P, Martin A, Hall KD. Dietary fat restriction affects brain reward regions in a randomized crossover trial. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169759. [PMID: 37345661 PMCID: PMC10371234 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDWeight-loss diets often target dietary fat or carbohydrates, macronutrients that are sensed via distinct gut-brain pathways and differentially affect peripheral hormones and metabolism. However, the effects of such diet changes on the human brain are unclear. METHODSWe investigated whether selective isocaloric reductions in dietary fat or carbohydrates altered dopamine D2/3 receptor binding potential (D2BP) and neural activity in brain-reward regions in response to visual food cues in 17 inpatient adults with obesity as compared with a eucaloric baseline diet using a randomized crossover design. RESULTSOn the fifth day of dietary fat restriction, but not carbohydrate restriction, both D2BP and neural activity to food cues were decreased in brain-reward regions. After the reduced-fat diet, ad libitum intake shifted toward foods high in both fat and carbohydrates. CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that dietary fat restriction increases tonic dopamine in brain-reward regions and affects food choice in ways that may hamper diet adherence. TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT00846040 FUNDING. NIDDK 1ZIADK013037.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Darcey
- Integrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juen Guo
- Integrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amber B Courville
- Human Energy and Body Weight Regulation Core, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabelle Gallagher
- Integrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason A Avery
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockland, Maryland, USA
| | - W Kyle Simmons
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - John E Ingeholm
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockland, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Herscovitch
- Clinical Center Positron Emission Tomography Department, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex Martin
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockland, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin D Hall
- Integrative Physiology Section, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Sullivan M, Fernandez-Aranda F, Camacho-Barcia L, Harkin A, Macrì S, Mora-Maltas B, Jiménez-Murcia S, O'Leary A, Ottomana AM, Presta M, Slattery D, Scholtz S, Glennon JC. Insulin and Disorders of Behavioural Flexibility. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105169. [PMID: 37059405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Behavioural inflexibility is a symptom of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease, encompassing the maintenance of a behaviour even when no longer appropriate. Recent evidence suggests that insulin signalling has roles apart from its regulation of peripheral metabolism and mediates behaviourally-relevant central nervous system (CNS) functions including behavioural flexibility. Indeed, insulin resistance is reported to generate anxious, perseverative phenotypes in animal models, with the Type 2 diabetes medication metformin proving to be beneficial for disorders including Alzheimer's Disease. Structural and functional neuroimaging studies of Type 2 diabetes patients have highlighted aberrant connectivity in regions governing salience detection, attention, inhibition and memory. As currently available therapeutic strategies feature high rates of resistance, there is an urgent need to better understand the complex aetiology of behaviour and develop improved therapeutics. In this review, we explore the circuitry underlying behavioural flexibility, changes in Type 2 diabetes, the role of insulin in CNS outcomes and mechanisms of insulin involvement across disorders of behavioural inflexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairéad Sullivan
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Camacho-Barcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew Harkin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simone Macrì
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aet O'Leary
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Angela Maria Ottomana
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; Neuroscience Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Presta
- Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Jeffrey C Glennon
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Gruber J, Hanssen R, Qubad M, Bouzouina A, Schack V, Sochor H, Schiweck C, Aichholzer M, Matura S, Slattery DA, Zopf Y, Borgland SL, Reif A, Thanarajah SE. Impact of insulin and insulin resistance on brain dopamine signalling and reward processing- an underexplored mechanism in the pathophysiology of depression? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 149:105179. [PMID: 37059404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and major depressive disorder (MDD) are the leading causes of disability worldwide and have a high comorbidity rate with fatal outcomes. Despite the long-established association between these conditions, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Since the discovery of insulin receptors in the brain and the brain's reward system, evidence has accumulated indicating that insulin modulates dopaminergic (DA) signalling and reward behaviour. Here, we review the evidence from rodent and human studies, that insulin resistance directly alters central DA pathways, which may result in motivational deficits and depressive symptoms. Specifically, we first elaborate on the differential effects of insulin on DA signalling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) - the primary DA source region in the midbrain - and the striatum as well as its effects on behaviour. We then focus on the alterations induced by insulin deficiency and resistance. Finally, we review the impact of insulin resistance in DA pathways in promoting depressive symptoms and anhedonia on a molecular and epidemiological level and discuss its relevance for stratified treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruth Hanssen
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetology and Prevention Medicine, Germany
| | - Mishal Qubad
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aicha Bouzouina
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Vivi Schack
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hannah Sochor
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carmen Schiweck
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mareike Aichholzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yurdaguel Zopf
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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de Bartolomeis A, Ciccarelli M, De Simone G, Mazza B, Barone A, Vellucci L. Canonical and Non-Canonical Antipsychotics' Dopamine-Related Mechanisms of Present and Next Generation Molecules: A Systematic Review on Translational Highlights for Treatment Response and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065945. [PMID: 36983018 PMCID: PMC10051989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric illness affecting almost 25 million people worldwide and is conceptualized as a disorder of synaptic plasticity and brain connectivity. Antipsychotics are the primary pharmacological treatment after more than sixty years after their introduction in therapy. Two findings hold true for all presently available antipsychotics. First, all antipsychotics occupy the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) as an antagonist or partial agonist, even if with different affinity; second, D2R occupancy is the necessary and probably the sufficient mechanism for antipsychotic effect despite the complexity of antipsychotics' receptor profile. D2R occupancy is followed by coincident or divergent intracellular mechanisms, implying the contribution of cAMP regulation, β-arrestin recruitment, and phospholipase A activation, to quote some of the mechanisms considered canonical. However, in recent years, novel mechanisms related to dopamine function beyond or together with D2R occupancy have emerged. Among these potentially non-canonical mechanisms, the role of Na2+ channels at the dopamine at the presynaptic site, dopamine transporter (DAT) involvement as the main regulator of dopamine concentration at synaptic clefts, and the putative role of antipsychotics as chaperones for intracellular D2R sequestration, should be included. These mechanisms expand the fundamental role of dopamine in schizophrenia therapy and may have relevance to considering putatively new strategies for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), an extremely severe condition epidemiologically relevant and affecting almost 30% of schizophrenia patients. Here, we performed a critical evaluation of the role of antipsychotics in synaptic plasticity, focusing on their canonical and non-canonical mechanisms of action relevant to the treatment of schizophrenia and their subsequent implication for the pathophysiology and potential therapy of TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Ciccarelli
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Simone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazza
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
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6
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Actions and Consequences of Insulin in the Striatum. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030518. [PMID: 36979453 PMCID: PMC10046598 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin crosses the blood–brain barrier to enter the brain from the periphery. In the brain, insulin has well-established actions in the hypothalamus, as well as at the level of mesolimbic dopamine neurons in the midbrain. Notably, insulin also acts in the striatum, which shows abundant expression of insulin receptors (InsRs) throughout. These receptors are found on interneurons and striatal projections neurons, as well as on glial cells and dopamine axons. A striking functional consequence of insulin elevation in the striatum is promoting an increase in stimulated dopamine release. This boosting of dopamine release involves InsRs on cholinergic interneurons, and requires activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopamine axons. Opposing this dopamine-enhancing effect, insulin also increases dopamine uptake through the action of insulin at InsRs on dopamine axons. Insulin acts on other striatal cells as well, including striatal projection neurons and astrocytes that also influence dopaminergic transmission and striatal function. Linking these cellular findings to behavior, striatal insulin signaling is required for the development of flavor–nutrient learning, implicating insulin as a reward signal in the brain. In this review, we discuss these and other actions of insulin in the striatum, including how they are influenced by diet and other physio-logical states.
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7
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Saenz J, Yao O, Khezerlou E, Aggarwal M, Zhou X, Barker DJ, DiCicco-Bloom E, Pan PY. Cocaine-regulated trafficking of dopamine transporters in cultured neurons revealed by a pH sensitive reporter. iScience 2023; 26:105782. [PMID: 36594015 PMCID: PMC9804146 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine acts by inhibiting plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) function and altering its surface expression. The precise manner and mechanism by which cocaine regulates DAT trafficking, especially at neuronal processes, are poorly understood. In this study, we engineered and validated the use of DAT-pHluorin for studying DAT localization and its dynamic trafficking at neuronal processes of cultured mouse midbrain neurons. We demonstrate that unlike neuronal soma and dendrites, which contain a majority of the DATs in weakly acidic intracellular compartments, axonal DATs at both shafts and boutons are primarily (75%) localized to the plasma membrane, whereas large varicosities contain abundant intracellular DAT within acidic intracellular structures. We also demonstrate that cocaine exposure leads to a Synaptojanin1-sensitive DAT internalization process followed by membrane reinsertion that lasts for days. Thus, our study reveals the previously unknown dynamics and molecular regulation for cocaine-regulated DAT trafficking in neuronal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Saenz
- Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Oscar Yao
- Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Elnaz Khezerlou
- Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Meha Aggarwal
- Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - David J. Barker
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Psychology, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Emanuel DiCicco-Bloom
- Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ping-Yue Pan
- Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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8
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Noori T, Sahebgharani M, Sureda A, Sobarzo-Sanchez E, Fakhri S, Shirooie S. Targeting PI3K by Natural Products: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1564-1578. [PMID: 35043762 PMCID: PMC9881086 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220119125040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent childhood psychiatric disorder. In general, a child with ADHD has significant attention problems with difficulty concentrating on a subject and is generally associated with impulsivity and excessive activity. The etiology of ADHD in most patients is unknown, although it is considered to be a multifactorial disease caused by a combination of genetics and environmental factors. Diverse factors, such as the existence of mental, nutritional, or general health problems during childhood, as well as smoking and alcohol drinking during pregnancy, are related to an increased risk of ADHD. Behavioral and psychological characteristics of ADHD include anxiety, mood disorders, behavioral disorders, language disorders, and learning disabilities. These symptoms affect individuals, families, and communities, negatively altering educational and social results, strained parent-child relationships, and increased use of health services. ADHD may be associated with deficits in inhibitory frontostriatal noradrenergic neurons on lower striatal structures that are predominantly driven by dopaminergic neurons. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a conserved family of lipid kinases that control a number of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, insulin metabolism, and apoptosis. Since PI3K plays an important role in controlling the noradrenergic neuron, it opens up new insights into research on ADHD and other developmental brain diseases. This review presents evidence for the potential usefulness of PI3K and its modulators as a potential treatment for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Noori
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mousa Sahebgharani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX) and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Palma de MallorcaE-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain;,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Chile;,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran;,Address correspondence to this author at the Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; E-mail:
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9
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Carr KD, Weiner SP. Effects of nucleus accumbens insulin inactivation on microstructure of licking for glucose and saccharin in male and female rats. Physiol Behav 2022; 249:113769. [PMID: 35247443 PMCID: PMC8969111 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin of pancreatic origin enters the brain where several regions express a high density of insulin receptors. Functional studies of brain insulin signaling have focused predominantly on hypothalamic regulation of appetite and hippocampal regulation of learning. Recent studies point to involvement of nucleus accumbens (NAc) insulin signaling in a diet-sensitive response to glucose intake and reinforcement of flavor-nutrient learning. The present study used NAc shell microinjection of an insulin inactivating antibody (InsAb) to evaluate effects on the microstructure of licking for flavored 6.1% glucose. In both male and female rats, InsAb had no effect on the number of lick bursts emitted (a measure of motivation and/or satiety), but decreased the size of lick bursts (a measure of reward magnitude) in a series of five 30 min test sessions. This effect persisted beyond microinjection test sessions and was shown to depend on previous flavored glucose consumption under InsAb treatment rather than InsAb treatment alone. This suggests learning of diminished reward value and aligns with the previous finding that InsAb blocks flavor-nutrient learning. Specificity of the InsAb effect for nutrient reward was indicated by failure to affect any parameter of licking for flavored 0.25% saccharin solution. Finally, maintenance of rats on a 'Western' diet for twelve weeks produced a decrease in lick burst size for glucose in male rats, but an increase in lick burst size in females. Possible implications of these results for flavor-nutrient learning, maladaptive consequences of NAc insulin receptor subsensitivity, and the plausible involvement of distinct insulin-regulated mechanisms in NAc are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States.
| | - Sydney P Weiner
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY 10016, United States
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10
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Chen W, Cai W, Hoover B, Kahn CR. Insulin action in the brain: cell types, circuits, and diseases. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:384-400. [PMID: 35361499 PMCID: PMC9035105 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery over 100 years ago, insulin has been recognized as a key hormone in control of glucose homeostasis. Deficiencies of insulin signaling are central to diabetes and many other disorders. The brain is among the targets of insulin action, and insulin resistance is a major contributor to many diseases, including brain disorders. Here, we summarize key roles of insulin action in the brain and how this involves different brain cell types. Disordered brain insulin signaling can also contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases, affecting brain circuits involved in mood and cognition. Understanding of insulin signaling in different brain cell types/circuits and how these are altered in disease may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to these challenging disorders.
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11
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Hassanpour R, Chizari A, Bayat AH, Azizbeigi R, Mahmoudi M, Mousavi Z, Haghparast A. Insulin replacement prevents the acquisition but not the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e201215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Batra A, Latsko M, Portella AK, Silveira PP. Early adversity and insulin: neuroendocrine programming beyond glucocorticoids. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:1031-1043. [PMID: 34635400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to direct or contextual adversities during early life programs the functioning of the brain and other biological systems, contributing to the development of physical as well as mental health issues in the long term. While the role of glucocorticoids in mediating the outcomes of early adversity has been explored for many years, less attention has been given to insulin. Beyond its metabolic effects in the periphery, central insulin action affects synaptic plasticity, brain neurotransmission, and executive functions. Knowledge about the interactions between the peripheral metabolism and brain function from a developmental perspective can contribute to prevention and diagnosis programs, as well as early interventions for vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashita Batra
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Maeson Latsko
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Healthy Brains for Healthy Lives, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andre Krumel Portella
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia P Silveira
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Pignalosa FC, Desiderio A, Mirra P, Nigro C, Perruolo G, Ulianich L, Formisano P, Beguinot F, Miele C, Napoli R, Fiory F. Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment: A Role for Glucotoxicity and Dopaminergic Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212366. [PMID: 34830246 PMCID: PMC8619146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, responsible for the onset of several long-term complications. Recent evidence suggests that cognitive dysfunction represents an emerging complication of DM, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still obscure. Dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter essentially known for its relevance in the regulation of behavior and movement, modulates cognitive function, too. Interestingly, alterations of the dopaminergic system have been observed in DM. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the most relevant experimental results assessing DA’s role in cognitive function, highlighting the presence of dopaminergic dysfunction in DM and supporting a role for glucotoxicity in DM-associated dopaminergic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Several studies confirm a role for DA in cognition both in animal models and in humans. Similarly, significant alterations of the dopaminergic system have been observed in animal models of experimental diabetes and in diabetic patients, too. Evidence is accumulating that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their precursor methylglyoxal (MGO) are associated with cognitive impairment and alterations of the dopaminergic system. Further research is needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms linking DM-associated dopaminergic dysfunction and cognitive impairment and to assess the deleterious impact of glucotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chiara Pignalosa
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.P.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.N.); (G.P.); (L.U.); (P.F.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (F.F.)
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Desiderio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.P.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.N.); (G.P.); (L.U.); (P.F.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (F.F.)
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Mirra
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.P.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.N.); (G.P.); (L.U.); (P.F.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (F.F.)
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.P.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.N.); (G.P.); (L.U.); (P.F.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (F.F.)
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.P.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.N.); (G.P.); (L.U.); (P.F.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (F.F.)
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ulianich
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.P.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.N.); (G.P.); (L.U.); (P.F.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (F.F.)
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.P.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.N.); (G.P.); (L.U.); (P.F.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (F.F.)
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.P.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.N.); (G.P.); (L.U.); (P.F.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (F.F.)
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.P.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.N.); (G.P.); (L.U.); (P.F.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (F.F.)
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-3248
| | - Raffaele Napoli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.P.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.N.); (G.P.); (L.U.); (P.F.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Fiory
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.P.); (A.D.); (P.M.); (C.N.); (G.P.); (L.U.); (P.F.); (F.B.); (R.N.); (F.F.)
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
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14
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Lavrova AV, Gretskaya NM, Bezuglov VV. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease: Advanced Therapeutic Products. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fernández G, Krapacher F, Ferreras S, Quassollo G, Mari MM, Pisano MV, Montemerlo A, Rubianes MD, Bregonzio C, Arias C, Paglini MG. Lack of Cdk5 activity is involved on Dopamine Transporter expression and function: Evidences from an animal model of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Exp Neurol 2021; 346:113866. [PMID: 34537209 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most diagnosed psychiatric disorders nowadays. The core symptoms of the condition include hyperactivity, impulsiveness and inattention. The main pharmacological treatment consists of psychostimulant drugs affecting Dopamine Transporter (DAT) function. We have previously shown that genetically modified mice lacking p35 protein (p35KO), which have reduced Cdk5 activity, present key hallmarks resembling those described in animal models useful for studying ADHD. The p35KO mouse displays spontaneous hyperactivity and shows a calming effect of methylphenidate or amphetamine treatment. Interestingly, dopaminergic neurotransmission is altered in these mice as they have an increased Dopamine (DA) content together with a low DA turnover. This led us to hypothesize that the lack of Cdk5 activity affects DAT expression and/or function in this animal model. In this study, we performed biochemical assays, cell-based approaches, quantitative fluorescence analysis and functional studies that allowed us to demonstrate that p35KO mice exhibit decreased DA uptake and reduced cell surface DAT expression levels in the striatum (STR). These findings are supported by in vitro observations in which the inhibition of Cdk5 activity in N2a cells induced a significant increase in constitutive DAT endocytosis with a concomitant increase in DAT localization to recycling endosomes. Taken together, these data provide evidences regarding the role of Cdk5/p35 in DAT expression and function, thus contributing to the knowledge of DA neurotransmission physiology and also providing therapeutic options for the treatment of DA pathologies such as ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Fernández
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Favio Krapacher
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Soledad Ferreras
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Quassollo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Macarena Mariel Mari
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Pisano
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Antonella Montemerlo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Dolores Rubianes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Bregonzio
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba, IFEC-CONICET, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos Arias
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPSI-CONICET, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Paglini
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Diabetes, insulin and new therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease: Focus on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 62:100914. [PMID: 33845041 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease and diabetes mellitus are two chronic disorders associated with aging that are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Parkinson is a multifactorial progressive condition with no available disease modifying treatments at the moment. Over the last few years there is growing interest in the relationship between diabetes (and impaired insulin signaling) and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the possible benefit of antidiabetic treatments as neuroprotectors, even in non-diabetic patients. Insulin regulates essential functions in the brain such as neuronal survival, autophagy of toxic proteins, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. We review the existing epidemiological, experimental and clinical evidence that supports the interplay between insulin and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease, as well as the role of antidiabetic treatments in this disease.
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Ryan RM, Ingram SL, Scimemi A. Regulation of Glutamate, GABA and Dopamine Transporter Uptake, Surface Mobility and Expression. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:670346. [PMID: 33927596 PMCID: PMC8076567 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.670346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter transporters limit spillover between synapses and maintain the extracellular neurotransmitter concentration at low yet physiologically meaningful levels. They also exert a key role in providing precursors for neurotransmitter biosynthesis. In many cases, neurons and astrocytes contain a large intracellular pool of transporters that can be redistributed and stabilized in the plasma membrane following activation of different signaling pathways. This means that the uptake capacity of the brain neuropil for different neurotransmitters can be dynamically regulated over the course of minutes, as an indirect consequence of changes in neuronal activity, blood flow, cell-to-cell interactions, etc. Here we discuss recent advances in the mechanisms that control the cell membrane trafficking and biophysical properties of transporters for the excitatory, inhibitory and modulatory neurotransmitters glutamate, GABA, and dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae M. Ryan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan L. Ingram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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18
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Identification by proximity labeling of novel lipidic and proteinaceous potential partners of the dopamine transporter. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7733-7756. [PMID: 34709416 PMCID: PMC8629785 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transporters (DATs) are regulated by trafficking and modulatory processes that probably rely on stable and transient interactions with neighboring proteins and lipids. Using proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID), we found novel potential partners for DAT, including several membrane proteins, such as the transmembrane chaperone 4F2hc, the proteolipid M6a and a potential membrane receptor for progesterone (PGRMC2). We also detected two cytoplasmic proteins: a component of the Cullin1-dependent ubiquitination machinery termed F-box/LRR-repeat protein 2 (FBXL2), and the enzyme inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2). Immunoprecipitation (IP) and immunofluorescence studies confirmed either a physical association or a close spatial proximity between these proteins and DAT. M6a, SHIP2 and the Cullin1 system were shown to increase DAT activity in coexpression experiments, suggesting a functional role for their association. Deeper analysis revealed that M6a, which is enriched in neuronal protrusions (filopodia or dendritic spines), colocalized with DAT in these structures. In addition, the product of SHIP2 enzymatic activity (phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P2]) was tightly associated with DAT, as shown by co-IP and by colocalization of mCherry-DAT with a specific biosensor for this phospholipid. PI(3,4)P2 strongly stimulated transport activity in electrophysiological recordings, and conversely, inhibition of SHIP2 reduced DA uptake in several experimental systems including striatal synaptosomes and the dopaminergic cell line SH-SY5Y. In summary, here we report several potential new partners for DAT and a novel regulatory lipid, which may represent new pharmacological targets for DAT, a pivotal protein in dopaminergic function of the brain.
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Dopamine transporter is downregulated and its association with chaperone protein Hsc70 is enhanced by activation of dopamine D 3 receptor. Brain Res Bull 2020; 165:263-271. [PMID: 33049353 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic dopamine (DA) concentrations are largely determined by the activities of presynaptic D2 and D3 autoreceptors (D2R and D3R) and DA transporter (DAT). Furthermore, the activity of DAT is regulated by phosphorylation events and protein interactions that affect its surface expression. Because DA autoreceptors and DAT coordinately maintain synaptic DA homeostasis, we hypothesized that D3R might crosstalk with DAT to fine-tune synaptic DA concentrations. To test this hypothesis, we established [3H]DA uptake and DAT surface expression assays in hD3/rDAT-double-transfected HEK-293 cells or limbic forebrain synaptosomal preparations. Ropinirole, a preferential D3R agonist, reduced [3H]DA uptake in HEK-hD3/rDAT cells in a dose-dependent manner, an effect which could be blocked by the D2R/D3R antagonist, raclopride. Furthermore, ropinirole also reduced DAT surface expression in limbic forebrain synaptosomes, and this effect could be blocked by raclopride or the internalization inhibitor, concanavalin A. To identify potential mediators of this apparent D3R-DAT crosstalk, DAT-associated proteins were co-immunoprecipitated from limbic forebrain synaptosomes after D3R activation and identified by MALDI-TOF. From this analysis, the Hsc70 chaperone was identified as a DAT-associated protein. Interestingly, ropinirole induced the association of Hsc70/Hsp70 with DAT, and the Hsc70/Hsp70 inhibitor, apoptozole, prevented the ropinirole-induced reduction of DAT surface expression. Together, these results suggest that D3R negatively regulates DAT activity by promoting the association of DAT and Hsc70/Hsp70.
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Shaughness M, Acs D, Brabazon F, Hockenbury N, Byrnes KR. Role of Insulin in Neurotrauma and Neurodegeneration: A Review. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:547175. [PMID: 33100956 PMCID: PMC7546823 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.547175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a hormone typically associated with pancreatic release and blood sugar regulation. The brain was long thought to be “insulin-independent,” but research has shown that insulin receptors (IR) are expressed on neurons, microglia and astrocytes, among other cells. The effects of insulin on cells within the central nervous system are varied, and can include both metabolic and non-metabolic functions. Emerging data suggests that insulin can improve neuronal survival or recovery after trauma or during neurodegenerative diseases. Further, data suggests a strong anti-inflammatory component of insulin, which may also play a role in both neurotrauma and neurodegeneration. As a result, administration of exogenous insulin, either via systemic or intranasal routes, is an increasing area of focus in research in neurotrauma and neurodegenerative disorders. This review will explore the literature to date on the role of insulin in neurotrauma and neurodegeneration, with a focus on traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shaughness
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Deanna Acs
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fiona Brabazon
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicole Hockenbury
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kimberly R Byrnes
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Kong Y, Zhou H, Feng H, Zhuang J, Wen T, Zhang C, Sun B, Wang J, Guan Y. Elucidating the Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease Using 18F-FP-(+)-DTBZ, a Positron-Emission Tomography Probe for Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:682. [PMID: 32760240 PMCID: PMC7372188 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been and will continue to be two common chronic diseases globally that are difficult to diagnose during the prodromal phase. Current molecular genetics, cell biological, and epidemiological evidences have shown the correlation between PD and DM. PD shares the same pathogenesis pathways and pathological factors with DM. In addition, β-cell reduction, which can cause hyperglycemia, is a striking feature of DM. Recent studies indicated that hyperglycemia is highly relevant to the pathologic changes in PD. However, further correlation between DM and PD remains to be investigated. Intriguingly, polycystic monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), which is co-expressed in dopaminergic neurons and β cells, is responsible for taking up dopamine into the presynaptic vesicles and can specifically bind to the β cells. Furthermore, we have summarized the specific molecular and diagnostic functions of VMAT2 for the two diseases reported in this review. Therefore, VMAT2 can be applied as a target probe for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to detect β-cell and dopamine level changes, which can contribute to the diagnosis of DM and PD during the prodromal phase. Targeting VMAT2 with the molecular probe 18F-FP-(+)-DTBZ can be an entry point for the β cell mass (BCM) changes in DM at the molecular level, to clarify the potential relationship between DM and PD. VMAT2 has promising clinical significance in investigating the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and treatment evaluation of the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Kong
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haicong Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Feng
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyi Zhuang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tieqiao Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Shin S, Kim K, Pak K, Nam HY, Im HJ, Lee MJ, Kim SJ, Kim IJ. Effects of animal handling on striatal DAT availability in rats. Ann Nucl Med 2020; 34:496-501. [PMID: 32424547 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive technique measuring quantification of physiological and biochemical processes in the living organism. However, there are many considerations including anesthesia and fasting to acquire small animal imaging. We aimed to evaluate the effects of anesthesia and fasting of rats in dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging acquisition. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats aged 7 weeks and weighing 180-260 g were used in this study. Rats were randomly divided by 4 groups. Group A was kept under anesthesia for 40 min and fasted over 12 h. Group B was only fasted over 12 h. Group C was only kept under anesthesia for 40 min. Group D was neither kept under anesthesia nor fasted over 12 h. PET scans were started at 40 min after 18F-FP-CIT injection and obtained for 20 min. Volumes-of-interest for striatum and extrastriatal area were used for 18F-FP-CIT PET analysis. Cerebellum was considered as a reference region. Specific binding ratio (SBR) was calculated as follows: [(uptake of target-uptake of cerebellum)]/(uptake of cerebellum). RESULTS SBR without fasting and anesthesia (group D) was significantly lower than those of other groups (vs group A, p = 0.0004; vs group B, p = 0.0377; vs group C, p = 0.0134). However, SBRs of extrastriatal area (p = 0.5120) were not affected by fasting and anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the SBR of striatum was increased after anesthesia by isoflurane and fasting. When designing an experiment using DAT imaging, the effects of isoflurane and fasting should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Shin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Yeol Nam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Jun Im
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jang Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.
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Nolan SO, Zachry JE, Johnson AR, Brady LJ, Siciliano CA, Calipari ES. Direct dopamine terminal regulation by local striatal microcircuitry. J Neurochem 2020; 155:475-493. [PMID: 32356315 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of axonal dopamine release by local microcircuitry is at the hub of several biological processes that govern the timing and magnitude of signaling events in reward-related brain regions. An important characteristic of dopamine release from axon terminals in the striatum is that it is rapidly modulated by local regulatory mechanisms. These processes can occur via homosynaptic mechanisms-such as presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors and dopamine transporters - as well heterosynaptic mechanisms such as retrograde signaling from postsynaptic cholinergic and dynorphin systems, among others. Additionally, modulation of dopamine release via diffusible messengers, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide, allows for various metabolic factors to quickly and efficiently regulate dopamine release and subsequent signaling. Here we review how these mechanisms work in concert to influence the timing and magnitude of striatal dopamine signaling, independent of action potential activity at the level of dopaminergic cell bodies in the midbrain, thereby providing a parallel pathway by which dopamine can be modulated. Understanding the complexities of local regulation of dopamine signaling is required for building comprehensive frameworks of how activity throughout the dopamine system is integrated to drive signaling and control behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne O Nolan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer E Zachry
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy R Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lillian J Brady
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cody A Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN TN, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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24
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Zou XH, Sun LH, Yang W, Li BJ, Cui RJ. Potential role of insulin on the pathogenesis of depression. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12806. [PMID: 32281722 PMCID: PMC7260070 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of insulin on depression and depression-like behaviour has been widely reported. Insulin and activation of its receptor can promote learning and memory, affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) balance, regulate the secretion of neurotrophic factors and neurotransmitters, interact with gastrointestinal microbiome, exert neuroprotective effects and have an impact on depression. However, the role of insulin on depression remains largely unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the potential role of insulin on depression. It may provide new insight for clarifying role of insulin on the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Hua Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Jin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ran Ji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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25
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Fagan RR, Kearney PJ, Melikian HE. In Situ Regulated Dopamine Transporter Trafficking: There's No Place Like Home. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1335-1343. [PMID: 32146647 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is critical for motivation, reward, movement initiation, and learning. Mechanisms that control DA signaling have a profound impact on these important behaviors, and additionally play a role in DA-related neuropathologies. The presynaptic SLC6 DA transporter (DAT) limits extracellular DA levels by clearing released DA, and is potently inhibited by addictive and therapeutic psychostimulants. Decades of evidence support that the DAT is subject to acute regulation by a number of signaling pathways, and that endocytic trafficking strongly regulates DAT availability and function. DAT trafficking studies have been performed in a variety of model systems, including both in vitro and ex vivo preparations. In this review, we focus on the breadth of DAT trafficking studies, with specific attention to, and comparison of, how context may influence DAT's response to different stimuli. In particular, this overview highlights that stimulated DAT trafficking not only differs between in vitro and ex vivo environments, but also is influenced by both sex and anatomical subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita R Fagan
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Patrick J Kearney
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Haley E Melikian
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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26
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Pak K, Seo S, Kim K, Lee MJ, Shin MJ, Suh S, Im HJ, Park JJ, Kim SJ, Kim IJ. Striatal dopamine transporter changes after glucose loading in humans. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:116-122. [PMID: 31478329 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The dopamine transporter (DAT) actively translocates dopamine that is released from the presynaptic neurons across the membranes of nerve terminals into the extracellular space. We hypothesized that glucose loading-induced changes in striatal DAT levels could be associated with food intake in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS An intravenous bolus injection of 18 F-FP-CIT was administered after infusion of glucose or placebo (normal saline), and emission data were acquired over 90 minutes in 33 healthy males. For a volume-of-interest-based analysis, an atlas involving sub-striatal regions of ventral striatum (VST), caudate nucleus and putamen was applied. DAT availability and binding potential (BPND ) were measured using a simplified reference tissue method with cerebellum as the reference. RESULTS The glucose-loaded BPND from the VST negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), whereas the placebo-loaded BPND from the VST did not. After loading with glucose, there were substantial increases in BPND s: 18.3%, 71.7% and 34.0% on average in the VST, caudate nucleus and putamen, respectively. CONCLUSION Striatal DAT changes after glucose loading, and BMI is associated with glucose-loaded DAT availability, not with placebo-loaded DAT availability. DAT might have a role in the reward system of eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungjune Pak
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Seo
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jun Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Im
- Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Jun Park
- Division of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jang Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Joo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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27
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Ferdous N, Kudumala S, Sossi S, Carvelli L. Prolonged Amphetamine Treatments Cause Long-Term Decrease of Dopamine Uptake in Cultured Cells. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:1399-1409. [PMID: 31883055 PMCID: PMC7260268 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) is a systemic stimulant used to treat a variety of diseases including Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, narcolepsy and obesity. Previous data showed that by binding to catecholamine transporters, AMPH prevents the reuptake of the neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). Because AMPH, either used therapeutically at final concentrations of 1–10 µM or abused as recreational drug (50–200 µM), is taken over long periods of time, we investigated the prolonged effects of this drug on the uptake of DA. We found that, in LLC-PK1 cells stably expressing the human DA transporter (hDAT), pretreatments with 1 or 50 µM AMPH caused significant reduction in DA uptake right after the 15-h pretreatment. Remarkably, after 50 but not 1 µM AMPH pretreatment, we observed a significant reduction in DA uptake also after one, two or three cell divisions. To test whether these long-term effects induced by AMPH where conserved in a model comparable to primordial neuronal cells and native neurons, we used the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y cells, which were reported to endogenously express both hDAT and the NE transporter. Pretreatments with 50 µM AMPH caused a significant reduction of DA uptake both right after 15 h and 3 cell divisions followed by neuro-differentiation with retinoic acid (RA) for 5 days. Under these same conditions, AMPH did not change the intracellular concentrations of ATP, ROS and cell viability suggesting, therefore, that the reduction in DA uptake was not cause by AMPH-induced toxicity. Interestingly, while 1 µM AMPH did not cause long-term effects in the LLC-PK1 cells, in the SH-SY5Y cells, it decreased the DA uptake after one, two, but not three, cell divisions and 5-day RA differentiation. These data show that besides the well-known acute effects, AMPH can also produce long-term effects in vitro that are maintained during cell division and transmitted to the daughter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa Ferdous
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Sirisha Kudumala
- Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, FL, Jupiter, USA
| | - Serena Sossi
- Integrated Biology Program, Florida Atlantic University, FL, Boca Raton, USA
| | - Lucia Carvelli
- Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA. .,Harriet L. Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, FL, Jupiter, USA. .,Integrated Biology Program, Florida Atlantic University, FL, Boca Raton, USA.
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28
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Liu S, Borgland SL. Insulin actions in the mesolimbic dopamine system. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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29
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Fiory F, Perruolo G, Cimmino I, Cabaro S, Pignalosa FC, Miele C, Beguinot F, Formisano P, Oriente F. The Relevance of Insulin Action in the Dopaminergic System. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:868. [PMID: 31474827 PMCID: PMC6706784 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in medicine, together with lifestyle modifications, led to a rising life expectancy. Unfortunately, however, aging is accompanied by an alarming boost of age-associated chronic pathologies, including neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases. Interestingly, a non-negligible interplay between alterations of glucose homeostasis and brain dysfunction has clearly emerged. In particular, epidemiological studies have pointed out a possible association between Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Insulin resistance, one of the major hallmark for etiology of T2D, has a detrimental influence on PD, negatively affecting PD phenotype, accelerating its progression and worsening cognitive impairment. This review aims to provide an exhaustive analysis of the most recent evidences supporting the key role of insulin resistance in PD pathogenesis. It will focus on the relevance of insulin in the brain, working as pro-survival neurotrophic factor and as a master regulator of neuronal mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Insulin action as a modulator of dopamine signaling and of alpha-synuclein degradation will be described in details, too. The intriguing idea that shared deregulated pathogenic pathways represent a link between PD and insulin resistance has clinical and therapeutic implications. Thus, ongoing studies about the promising healing potential of common antidiabetic drugs such as metformin, exenatide, DPP IV inhibitors, thiazolidinediones and bromocriptine, will be summarized and the rationale for their use to decelerate neurodegeneration will be critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fiory
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiara Pignalosa
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,URT "Genomic of Diabetes," Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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30
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Towards a Translational Approach to Food Addiction: Implications for Bulimia Nervosa. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Drummen M, Dorenbos E, Vreugdenhil ACE, Raben A, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Adam TC. Insulin resistance, weight, and behavioral variables as determinants of brain reactivity to food cues: a Prevention of Diabetes through Lifestyle Intervention and Population Studies in Europe and around the World - a PREVIEW study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:315-321. [PMID: 30590423 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and type 2 diabetes have been linked to alterations in food reward processing, which may be linked to insulin resistance. Objectives In this clinical study, we investigated the respective contribution of insulin resistance, anthropometric measurements, and behavioral factors to brain reward activation in response to visual stimuli. Design Food reward-related brain reward activation was assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging in 39 overweight or obese individuals with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or both [22 women, 17 men; mean ± SD insulin sensitivity index (ISI): 2.7 ± 1.3; body mass index (BMI; kg/m2): 32.3 ± 3.7; body fat percentage: 40.5% ± 7.9%; fasting glucose: 6.3 ± 0.6 mmol/L]. Food and nonfood images were shown in a randomized block design. Brain activation (food compared with nonfood images) was correlated with anthropometric and behavioral variables. Behavioral variables included eating behavior [Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ)] and habitual physical activity (Baecke). Glucose and insulin concentrations, determined during an oral-glucose challenge, were used to assess the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Matsuda ISI. Results Food compared with nonfood brain activation was positively associated with HOMA-IR in the nucleus accumbens, right and left insula, and right cingulate gyrus (P < 0.005, corrected for multiple comparisons). TFEQ factor 2 was positively related to food compared with nonfood brain activation in the supramarginal gyrus (P < 0.005, corrected for multiple comparisons). Habitual physical activity during leisure time was negatively associated with food compared with nonfood brain activation in multiple regions associated with the attention and reward network (P < 0.005, corrected for multiple comparisons). Conclusions Individuals with increased insulin resistance and emotional eating or disinhibition showed higher brain reactivity to food cues, which may imply changes in food preference and hyperphagia. Individuals with higher habitual physical activity showed less food reward-related brain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Drummen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elke Dorenbos
- Center for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Health Care (COACH), Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anita C E Vreugdenhil
- Center for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Health Care (COACH), Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tanja C Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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32
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Thal LB, Tomlinson ID, Quinlan MA, Kovtun O, Blakely RD, Rosenthal SJ. Single Quantum Dot Imaging Reveals PKCβ-Dependent Alterations in Membrane Diffusion and Clustering of an Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder/Autism/Bipolar Disorder-Associated Dopamine Transporter Variant. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:460-471. [PMID: 30153408 PMCID: PMC6411462 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a transmembrane protein that terminates dopamine signaling in the brain by driving rapid dopamine reuptake into presynaptic nerve terminals. Several lines of evidence indicate that DAT dysfunction is linked to neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BPD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Indeed, individuals with these disorders have been found to express the rare, functional DAT coding variant Val559, which confers anomalous dopamine efflux (ADE) in vitro and in vivo. To elucidate the impact of the DAT Val559 variant on membrane diffusion dynamics, we implemented our antagonist-conjugated quantum dot (QD) labeling approach to monitor the lateral mobility of single particle-labeled transporters in transfected HEK-293 and SK-N-MC cells. Our results demonstrate significantly higher diffusion coefficients of DAT Val559 compared to those of DAT Ala559, effects likely determined by elevated N-terminal transporter phosphorylation. We also provide pharmacological evidence that PKCβ-mediated signaling supports enhanced DAT Val559 membrane diffusion rates. Additionally, our results are complimented with diffusion rates of phosphomimicked and phosphorylation-occluded DAT variants. Furthermore, we show DAT Val559 has a lower propensity for membrane clustering, which may be caused by a mutation-derived shift out of membrane microdomains leading to faster lateral membrane diffusion rates. These findings further demonstrate a functional impact of DAT Val559 and suggest that changes in transporter localization and lateral mobility may sustain ADE and contribute to alterations in dopamine signaling underlying multiple neuropsychiatric disorders.
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33
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Hovde MJ, Larson GH, Vaughan RA, Foster JD. Model systems for analysis of dopamine transporter function and regulation. Neurochem Int 2018; 123:13-21. [PMID: 30179648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a critical role in dopamine (DA) homeostasis by clearing transmitter from the extraneuronal space after vesicular release. DAT serves as a site of action for a variety of addictive and therapeutic reuptake inhibitors, and transport dysfunction is associated with transmitter imbalances in disorders such as schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, bipolar disorder, and Parkinson disease. In this review, we describe some of the model systems that have been used for in vitro analyses of DAT structure, function and regulation, and discuss a potential relationship between transporter kinetic values and membrane cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah J Hovde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Garret H Larson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Roxanne A Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - James D Foster
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
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34
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Patel JC, Stouffer MA, Mancini M, Nicholson C, Carr KD, Rice ME. Interactions between insulin and diet on striatal dopamine uptake kinetics in rodent brain slices. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:794-804. [PMID: 29791756 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diet influences dopamine transmission in motor- and reward-related basal ganglia circuitry. In part, this reflects diet-dependent regulation of circulating and brain insulin levels. Activation of striatal insulin receptors amplifies axonal dopamine release in brain slices, and regulates food preference in vivo. The effect of insulin on dopamine release is indirect, and requires striatal cholinergic interneurons that express insulin receptors. However, insulin also acts directly on dopamine axons to increase dopamine uptake by promoting dopamine transporter (DAT) surface expression, counteracting enhanced dopamine release. Here, we determined the functional consequences of acute insulin exposure and chronic diet-induced changes in insulin on DAT activity after evoked dopamine release in striatal slices from adult ad-libitum fed (AL) rats and mice, and food-restricted (FR) or high-fat/high-sugar obesogenic (OB) diet rats. Uptake kinetics were assessed by fitting evoked dopamine transients to the Michaelis-Menten equation and extracting Cpeak and Vmax . Insulin (30 nm) increased both parameters in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens core of AL rats in an insulin receptor- and PI3-kinase-dependent manner. A pure effect of insulin on uptake was unmasked using mice lacking striatal acetylcholine, in which increased Vmax caused a decrease in Cpeak . Diet also influenced Vmax , which was lower in FR vs. AL. The effects of insulin on Cpeak and Vmax were amplified by FR but blunted by OB, consistent with opposite consequences of these diets on insulin levels and insulin receptor sensitivity. Overall, these data reveal acute and chronic effects of insulin and diet on dopamine release and uptake that will influence brain reward pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti C Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Melissa A Stouffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Mancini
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute on Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles Nicholson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth D Carr
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret E Rice
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute on Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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35
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Colon-Perez LM, Pino JA, Saha K, Pompilus M, Kaplitz S, Choudhury N, Jagnarine DA, Geste JR, Levin BA, Wilks I, Setlow B, Bruijnzeel AW, Khoshbouei H, Torres GE, Febo M. Functional connectivity, behavioral and dopaminergic alterations 24 hours following acute exposure to synthetic bath salt drug methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:178-193. [PMID: 29729891 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Among cathinone drugs known as bath salts, methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) exerts its potent actions via the dopamine (DA) system, and at intoxicating doses may produce adverse behavioral effects. Previous work by our group suggests that prolonged alterations in correlated neural activity between cortical and striatal areas could underlie, at least in part, the adverse reactions to this bath salt drug. In the present study, we assessed the effect of acute MDPV administration on brain functional connectivity at 1 and 24 h in rats. Using graph theory metrics to assess in vivo brain functional network organization we observed that 24 h after MDPV administration there was an increased clustering coefficient, rich club index, and average path length. Increases in these metrics suggests that MDPV produces a prolonged pattern of correlated activity characterized by greater interactions between subsets of high degree nodes but a reduced interaction with regions outside this core subset. Further analysis revealed that the core set of nodes include prefrontal cortical, amygdala, hypothalamic, somatosensory and striatal areas. At the molecular level, MDPV downregulated the dopamine transporter (DAT) in striatum and produced a shift in its subcellular distribution, an effect likely to involve rapid internalization at the membrane. These new findings suggest that potent binding of MDPV to DAT may trigger internalization and a prolonged alteration in homeostatic regulation of DA and functional brain network reorganization. We propose that the observed MDPV-induced network reorganization and DAergic changes may contribute to previously reported adverse behavioral responses to MDPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Colon-Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education (CARE), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy (AMRIS) Facility, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jose A Pino
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kaustuv Saha
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Marjory Pompilus
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sherman Kaplitz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nafisa Choudhury
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Darin A Jagnarine
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jean R Geste
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brandon A Levin
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Isaac Wilks
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Barry Setlow
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education (CARE), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education (CARE), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education (CARE), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Gonzalo E Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education (CARE), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; The McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education (CARE), College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy (AMRIS) Facility, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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36
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Mackie P, Lebowitz J, Saadatpour L, Nickoloff E, Gaskill P, Khoshbouei H. The dopamine transporter: An unrecognized nexus for dysfunctional peripheral immunity and signaling in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70:21-35. [PMID: 29551693 PMCID: PMC5953824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The second-most common neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson's Disease (PD) has three hallmarks: dysfunctional dopamine transmission due, at least in part, to dopamine neuron degeneration; intracellular inclusions of α-synuclein aggregates; and neuroinflammation. The origin and interplay of these features remains a puzzle, as does the underlying mechanism of PD pathogenesis and progression. When viewed in the context of neuroimmunology, dopamine also plays a role in regulating peripheral immune cells. Intriguingly, plasma dopamine levels are altered in PD, suggesting collateral dysregulation of peripheral dopamine transmission. The dopamine transporter (DAT), the main regulator of dopaminergic tone in the CNS, is known to exist in lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages, but little is known about peripheral DAT biology or how DAT regulates the dopaminergic tone, much less how peripheral DAT alters immune function. Our review is guided by the hypothesis that dysfunctional peripheral dopamine signaling might be linked to the dysfunctional immune responses in PD and thereby suggests a potential bidirectional communication between central and peripheral dopamine systems. This review seeks to foster new perspectives concerning PD pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Mackie
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Joe Lebowitz
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Leila Saadatpour
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Emily Nickoloff
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Peter Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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37
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Beeler JA, Mourra D. To Do or Not to Do: Dopamine, Affordability and the Economics of Opportunity. Front Integr Neurosci 2018; 12:6. [PMID: 29487508 PMCID: PMC5816947 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Five years ago, we introduced the thrift hypothesis of dopamine (DA), suggesting that the primary role of DA in adaptive behavior is regulating behavioral energy expenditure to match the prevailing economic conditions of the environment. Here we elaborate that hypothesis with several new ideas. First, we introduce the concept of affordability, suggesting that costs must necessarily be evaluated with respect to the availability of resources to the organism, which computes a value not only for the potential reward opportunity, but also the value of resources expended. Placing both costs and benefits within the context of the larger economy in which the animal is functioning requires consideration of the different timescales against which to compute resource availability, or average reward rate. Appropriate windows of computation for tracking resources requires corresponding neural substrates that operate on these different timescales. In discussing temporal patterns of DA signaling, we focus on a neglected form of DA plasticity and adaptation, changes in the physical substrate of the DA system itself, such as up- and down-regulation of receptors or release probability. We argue that changes in the DA substrate itself fundamentally alter its computational function, which we propose mediates adaptations to longer temporal horizons and economic conditions. In developing our hypothesis, we focus on DA D2 receptors (D2R), arguing that D2R implements a form of “cost control” in response to the environmental economy, serving as the “brain’s comptroller”. We propose that the balance between the direct and indirect pathway, regulated by relative expression of D1 and D2 DA receptors, implements affordability. Finally, as we review data, we discuss limitations in current approaches that impede fully investigating the proposed hypothesis and highlight alternative, more semi-naturalistic strategies more conducive to neuroeconomic investigations on the role of DA in adaptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff A Beeler
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,CUNY Neuroscience Consortium, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Devry Mourra
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.,CUNY Neuroscience Consortium, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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38
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Meyers AM, Mourra D, Beeler JA. High fructose corn syrup induces metabolic dysregulation and altered dopamine signaling in the absence of obesity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190206. [PMID: 29287121 PMCID: PMC5747444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) to metabolic disorder and obesity, independent of high fat, energy-rich diets, is controversial. While high-fat diets are widely accepted as a rodent model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and metabolic disorder, the value of HFCS alone as a rodent model of DIO is unclear. Impaired dopamine function is associated with obesity and high fat diet, but the effect of HFCS on the dopamine system has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to test the effect of HFCS on weight gain, glucose regulation, and evoked dopamine release using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. Mice (C57BL/6) received either water or 10% HFCS solution in combination with ad libitum chow for 15 weeks. HFCS consumption with chow diet did not induce weight gain compared to water, chow-only controls but did induce glucose dysregulation and reduced evoked dopamine release in the dorsolateral striatum. These data show that HFCS can contribute to metabolic disorder and altered dopamine function independent of weight gain and high-fat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Meyers
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Devry Mourra
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeff A. Beeler
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University New York, Flushing, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, CUNY Neuroscience Collaborative, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Amphetamine Reverses Escalated Cocaine Intake via Restoration of Dopamine Transporter Conformation. J Neurosci 2017; 38:484-497. [PMID: 29175958 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2604-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine abuse disrupts dopamine system function, and reduces cocaine inhibition of the dopamine transporter (DAT), which results in tolerance. Although tolerance is a hallmark of cocaine addiction and a DSM-V criterion for substance abuse disorders, the molecular adaptations producing tolerance are unknown, and testing the impact of DAT changes on drug taking behaviors has proven difficult. In regard to treatment, amphetamine has shown efficacy in reducing cocaine intake; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been explored. The goals of this study were twofold; we sought to (1) identify the molecular mechanisms by which cocaine exposure produces tolerance and (2) determine whether amphetamine-induced reductions in cocaine intake are connected to these mechanisms. Using cocaine self-administration and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in male rats, we show that low-dose, continuous amphetamine treatment, during self-administration or abstinence, completely reversed cocaine tolerance. Amphetamine treatment also reversed escalated cocaine intake and decreased motivation to obtain cocaine as measured in a behavioral economics task, thereby linking tolerance to multiple facets of cocaine use. Finally, using fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging, we found that cocaine tolerance is associated with the formation of DAT-DAT complexes, and that amphetamine disperses these complexes. In addition to extending our basic understanding of DATs and their role in cocaine reinforcement, we serendipitously identified a novel therapeutic target: DAT oligomer complexes. We show that dispersion of oligomers is concomitant with reduced cocaine intake, and propose that pharmacotherapeutics aimed at these complexes may have potential for cocaine addiction treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Tolerance to cocaine's subjective effects is a cardinal symptom of cocaine addiction and a DSM-V criterion for substance abuse disorders. However, elucidating the molecular adaptions that produce tolerance and determining its behavioral impact have proven difficult. Using cocaine self-administration in rats, we link tolerance to cocaine effects at the dopamine transporter (DAT) with aberrant cocaine-taking behaviors. Further, tolerance was associated with multi-DAT complexes, which formed after cocaine exposure. Treatment with amphetamine deconstructed DAT complexes, reversed tolerance, and decreased cocaine seeking. These data describe the behavioral consequence of cocaine tolerance, provide a putative mechanism for its development, and suggest that compounds that disperse DAT complexes may be efficacious treatments for cocaine addiction.
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40
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Nash AI. Crosstalk between insulin and dopamine signaling: A basis for the metabolic effects of antipsychotic drugs. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 83-84:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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41
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Foster JD, Vaughan RA. Phosphorylation mechanisms in dopamine transporter regulation. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 83-84:10-18. [PMID: 27836487 PMCID: PMC6705611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a plasma membrane phosphoprotein that actively translocates extracellular dopamine (DA) into presynaptic neurons. The transporter is the primary mechanism for control of DA levels and subsequent neurotransmission, and is the target for abused and therapeutic drugs that exert their effects by suppressing reuptake. The transport capacity of DAT is acutely regulated by signaling systems and drug exposure, providing neurons the ability to fine-tune DA clearance in response to specific conditions. Kinase pathways play major roles in these mechanisms, and this review summarizes the current status of DAT phosphorylation characteristics and the evidence linking transporter phosphorylation to control of reuptake and other functions. Greater understanding of these processes may aid in elucidation of their possible contributions to DA disease states and suggest specific phosphorylation sites as targets for therapeutic manipulation of reuptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Foster
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks ND 58202 United States
| | - Roxanne A Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks ND 58202 United States.
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42
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Mouton-Liger F, Jacoupy M, Corvol JC, Corti O. PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitochondrial Surveillance: From Pleiotropy to Parkinson's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:120. [PMID: 28507507 PMCID: PMC5410576 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative disease caused by the preferential, progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta. PD is characterized by a multifaceted pathological process involving protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and metabolism deregulation. The molecular mechanisms governing the complex interplay between the different facets of this process are still unknown. PARK2/Parkin and PARK6/PINK1, two genes responsible for familial forms of PD, act as a ubiquitous core signaling pathway, coupling mitochondrial stress to mitochondrial surveillance, by regulating mitochondrial dynamics, the removal of damaged mitochondrial components by mitochondria-derived vesicles, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Over the last decade, PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitochondrial quality control emerged as a pleiotropic regulatory pathway. Loss of its function impinges on a number of physiological processes suspected to contribute to PD pathogenesis. Its role in the regulation of innate immunity and inflammatory processes stands out, providing compelling support to the contribution of non-cell-autonomous immune mechanisms in PD. In this review, we illustrate the central role of this multifunctional pathway at the crossroads between mitochondrial stress, neuroinflammation and metabolism. We discuss how its dysfunction may contribute to PD pathogenesis and pinpoint major unresolved questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Mouton-Liger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1127Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICMParis, France
| | - Maxime Jacoupy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1127Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICMParis, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1127Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICMParis, France.,Department of Neurology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, CIC-1422, Hôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParis, France
| | - Olga Corti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1127Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7225Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICMParis, France
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43
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Fordahl SC, Jones SR. High-Fat-Diet-Induced Deficits in Dopamine Terminal Function Are Reversed by Restoring Insulin Signaling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:290-299. [PMID: 27966885 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemically released insulin crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds to insulin receptors on several neural cell types, including dopaminergic neurons. Insulin has been shown to decrease dopamine neuron firing in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), but potentiate release and reuptake at dopamine terminals in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Here we show that prolonged consumption of a high fat diet blocks insulin's effects in the NAc, but insulin's effects are restored by inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, which supports insulin receptor signaling. Mice fed a high fat diet (60% kcals from fat) displayed significantly higher fasting blood glucose 160 mg/dL, compared to 101 mg/dL for control-diet-fed mice, and high-fat-diet-fed mice showed reduced blood glucose clearance after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Using fast scan cyclic voltammetry to measure electrically evoked dopamine in brain slices containing the NAc core, high-fat-diet-fed mice exhibited slower dopamine reuptake compared to control-diet-fed mice (2.2 ± 0.1 and 2.67 ± 0.15 μM/s, respectively). Moreover, glucose clearance rate was negatively correlated with Vmax. Insulin (10 nM to 1 μM) dose dependently increased reuptake rates in control-diet-fed mice compared with in the high-fat-diet group; however, the small molecule insulin receptor sensitizing agent, TCS 401 (300 nM), restored reuptake in high-fat-diet-fed mice to control-diet levels, and a small molecule inhibitor of the insulin receptor, BMS 536924 (300 nM), attenuated reuptake, similar to high-fat-diet-fed mice. These data show that a high-fat diet impairs dopamine reuptake by attenuating insulin signaling at dopamine terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve C. Fordahl
- Department of Physiology
and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Sara R. Jones
- Department of Physiology
and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
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44
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Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that contributes to a number of health complications including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacotherapeutic strategies to treat obesity are urgently needed. Research over the past two decades has increased substantially our knowledge of central and peripheral mechanisms underlying homeostatic energy balance. Homeostatic mechanisms involve multiple components including neuronal circuits, some originating in hypothalamus and brain stem, as well as peripherally-derived satiety, hunger and adiposity signals that modulate neural activity and regulate eating behavior. Dysregulation of one or more of these homeostatic components results in obesity. Coincident with obesity, reward mechanisms that regulate hedonic aspects of food intake override the homeostatic regulation of eating. In addition to functional interactions between homeostatic and reward systems in the regulation of food intake, homeostatic signals have the ability to alter vulnerability to drug abuse. Regarding the treatment of obesity, pharmacological monotherapies primarily focus on a single protein target. FDA-approved monotherapy options include phentermine (Adipex-P®), orlistat (Xenical®), lorcaserin (Belviq®) and liraglutide (Saxenda®). However, monotherapies have limited efficacy, in part due to the recruitment of alternate and counter-regulatory pathways. Consequently, a multi-target approach may provide greater benefit. Recently, two combination products have been approved by the FDA to treat obesity, including phentermine/topiramate (Qsymia®) and naltrexone/bupropion (Contrave®). The current review provides an overview of homeostatic and reward mechanisms that regulate energy balance, potential therapeutic targets for obesity and current treatment options, including some candidate therapeutics in clinical development. Finally, challenges in anti-obesity drug development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Narayanaswami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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45
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Jones KT, Woods C, Zhen J, Antonio T, Carr KD, Reith MEA. Effects of diet and insulin on dopamine transporter activity and expression in rat caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, and midbrain. J Neurochem 2017; 140:728-740. [PMID: 27973691 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Food restriction (FR) and obesogenic (OB) diets are known to alter brain dopamine transmission and exert opposite modulatory effects on behavioral responsiveness to psychostimulant drugs of abuse. Mechanisms underlying these diet effects are not fully understood. In this study, we examined diet effects on expression and function of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in caudate-putamen (CPu), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and midbrain regions. Dopamine (DA) uptake by CPu, NAc or midbrain synapto(neuro)somes was measured in vitro with rotating disk electrode voltammetry or with [3 H]DA uptake and was found to correlate with DAT surface expression, assessed by maximal [3 H](-)-2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane binding and surface biotinylation assays. FR and OB diets were both found to decrease DAT activity in CPu with a corresponding decrease in surface expression but had no effects in the NAc and midbrain. Diet treatments also affected sensitivity to insulin-induced enhancement of DA uptake, with FR producing an increase in CPu and NAc, likely mediated by an observed increase in insulin receptor expression, and OB producing a decrease in NAc. The increased expression of insulin receptor in NAc of FR rats was accompanied by increased DA D2 receptor expression, and the decreased DAT expression and function in CPu of OB rats was accompanied by decreased DA D2 receptor expression. These results are discussed as partial mechanistic underpinnings of diet-induced adaptations that contribute to altered behavioral sensitivity to psychostimulants that target the DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kymry T Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catherine Woods
- Center for Neural Science, New York Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Zhen
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tamara Antonio
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth D Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maarten E A Reith
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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46
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Bermingham DP, Blakely RD. Kinase-dependent Regulation of Monoamine Neurotransmitter Transporters. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:888-953. [PMID: 27591044 PMCID: PMC5050440 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.012260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of neurotransmission by the monoamines dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) is critical for normal nervous system function. Precise temporal and spatial control of this signaling in mediated in large part by the actions of monoamine transporters (DAT, NET, and SERT, respectively). These transporters act to recapture their respective neurotransmitters after release, and disruption of clearance and reuptake has significant effects on physiology and behavior and has been linked to a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. To ensure adequate and dynamic control of these transporters, multiple modes of control have evolved to regulate their activity and trafficking. Central to many of these modes of control are the actions of protein kinases, whose actions can be direct or indirectly mediated by kinase-modulated protein interactions. Here, we summarize the current state of our understanding of how protein kinases regulate monoamine transporters through changes in activity, trafficking, phosphorylation state, and interacting partners. We highlight genetic, biochemical, and pharmacological evidence for kinase-linked control of DAT, NET, and SERT and, where applicable, provide evidence for endogenous activators of these pathways. We hope our discussion can lead to a more nuanced and integrated understanding of how neurotransmitter transporters are controlled and may contribute to disorders that feature perturbed monoamine signaling, with an ultimate goal of developing better therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Bermingham
- Department of Pharmacology (D.P.B., R.D.B.) and Psychiatry (R.D.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida (R.D.B.)
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Pharmacology (D.P.B., R.D.B.) and Psychiatry (R.D.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida (R.D.B.)
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47
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Sukhov IB, Derkach KV, Chistyakova OV, Bondareva VM, Shpakov AO. Functional state of hypothalamic signaling systems in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with intranasal insulin. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093016030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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German CL, Baladi MG, McFadden LM, Hanson GR, Fleckenstein AE. Regulation of the Dopamine and Vesicular Monoamine Transporters: Pharmacological Targets and Implications for Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:1005-24. [PMID: 26408528 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) plays a well recognized role in a variety of physiologic functions such as movement, cognition, mood, and reward. Consequently, many human disorders are due, in part, to dysfunctional dopaminergic systems, including Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and substance abuse. Drugs that modify the DA system are clinically effective in treating symptoms of these diseases or are involved in their manifestation, implicating DA in their etiology. DA signaling and distribution are primarily modulated by the DA transporter (DAT) and by vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)-2, which transport DA into presynaptic terminals and synaptic vesicles, respectively. These transporters are regulated by complex processes such as phosphorylation, protein-protein interactions, and changes in intracellular localization. This review provides an overview of 1) the current understanding of DAT and VMAT2 neurobiology, including discussion of studies ranging from those conducted in vitro to those involving human subjects; 2) the role of these transporters in disease and how these transporters are affected by disease; and 3) and how selected drugs alter the function and expression of these transporters. Understanding the regulatory processes and the pathologic consequences of DAT and VMAT2 dysfunction underlies the evolution of therapeutic development for the treatment of DA-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L German
- School of Dentistry (C.L.G., M.G.B., G.R.H., A.E.F.) and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (L.M.M., G.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Michelle G Baladi
- School of Dentistry (C.L.G., M.G.B., G.R.H., A.E.F.) and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (L.M.M., G.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lisa M McFadden
- School of Dentistry (C.L.G., M.G.B., G.R.H., A.E.F.) and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (L.M.M., G.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Glen R Hanson
- School of Dentistry (C.L.G., M.G.B., G.R.H., A.E.F.) and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (L.M.M., G.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Annette E Fleckenstein
- School of Dentistry (C.L.G., M.G.B., G.R.H., A.E.F.) and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (L.M.M., G.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Hong SI, Kim MJ, You IJ, Kwon SH, Ma SX, Hwang JY, Seo JY, Ko YH, Lee BR, Lee SY, Jang CG. Phentermine induces conditioned rewarding effects via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the nucleus accumbens. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1405-13. [PMID: 26887589 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phentermine is structurally similar to methamphetamine and is widely used as an anti-obesity drug in the USA and many other countries. The potential for reward of phentermine has been noted; however, the mechanisms of phentermine dependence have not been established. OBJECTIVES Here, we investigated the rewarding and dopaminergic behavioral responses to phentermine in mice and found that phentermine produced conditioned rewarding effects through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). METHODS The impact of phentermine was assessed using conditioned place preference (CPP) test, climbing behavior test, and western blot analysis. RESULTS Phentermine 1 and 3 mg/kg (i.p.) significantly increased CPP. Phentermine, a known dopamine releaser, boosted apomorphine-induced climbing behavior in mice, and methamphetamine (i.p.) also increased apomorphine-induced dopaminergic behavior. Phentermine and methamphetamine increased the level of expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and phospho-Akt proteins to a similar degree in the NAc of CPP mice. To determine whether the conditioned rewarding effects of phentermine were mediated through the PI3K/Akt pathway, we assessed the effects of the Akt inhibitor LY294002 on phentermine-induced place preference and climbing behavior. LY294002 (1 and 3 μg/site, i.c.v.) reduced phentermine-induced CPP and phentermine-increased climbing behavior. However, LY294002 did not change CPP and climbing behavior itself and also did not decrease apomorphine-induced climbing behavior in mice. Further, LY294002 decreased the phentermine-increased levels of DAT protein and phosphorylation of Akt in the NAc of CPP mice. CONCLUSIONS Thus, these findings suggest that phentermine induces conditioned rewarding effects via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa-Ik Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jee You
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Xun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yeon Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Song J, Kim J. Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons Due to Metabolic Alterations and Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:65. [PMID: 27065205 PMCID: PMC4811934 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rates of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), markedly increase with age. In recent years, studies have reported an association between metabolic changes and various pathophysiological mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with metabolic diseases. Oxidative stress and hyperglycemia in metabolic diseases lead to adverse neurophysiological phenomena, including neuronal loss, synaptic dysfunction, and improper insulin signaling, resulting in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In addition, several lines of evidence suggest that alterations of CNS environments by metabolic changes influence the dopamine neuronal loss, eventually affecting the pathogenesis of PD. Thus, we reviewed recent findings relating to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons during metabolic diseases. We highlight the fact that using a metabolic approach to manipulate degeneration of dopaminergic neurons can serve as a therapeutic strategy to attenuate pathology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University Seoul, South Korea
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