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Li X, Li L, Wei J, Zhang P, Turchenko V, Vempala N, Kabakov E, Habib F, Gupta A, Huang H, Lee K. Using Advanced Convolutional Neural Network Approaches to Reveal Patient Age, Gender, and Weight Based on Tongue Images. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:5551209. [PMID: 39118805 PMCID: PMC11309814 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5551209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The human tongue has been long believed to be a window to provide important insights into a patient's health in medicine. The present study introduced a novel approach to predict patient age, gender, and weight inferences based on tongue images using pretrained deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Our results demonstrated that the deep CNN models (e.g., ResNeXt) trained on dorsal tongue images produced excellent results for age prediction with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 8.5 years. We also obtained an excellent classification of gender, with a mean accuracy of 80% and an AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of 88%. ResNeXt model also obtained a moderate level of accuracy for weight prediction, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.39 and a MAE of 9.06 kg. These findings support our hypothesis that the human tongue contains crucial information about a patient. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using the pretrained deep CNNs along with a large tongue image dataset to develop computational models to predict patient medical conditions for noninvasive, convenient, and inexpensive patient health monitoring and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Li Li
- Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengwei Zhang
- Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | | | - Faisal Habib
- Mathematics, Analytics, and Data Science LabFields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arvind Gupta
- Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huaxiong Huang
- Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mathematics and StatisticsYork University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kang Lee
- Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Li L, Zhou Z, Fang J, Liu D, Deng C, Chen Y, Ahasan Z, Zhu W, Cai K. The characterization of metabolic changes in adipose tissues and muscles due to different exercise intensities by Dixon in healthy young men. Eur J Radiol 2024; 177:111559. [PMID: 38865759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To delineate the alterations in adipose and muscle tissue composition and functionality among healthy young men across varying exercise intensities, which help to elucidate the impact of exercise intensity on weight management and inform fitness planning. METHOD 3D Dixon MRI scans were performed on the neck and supraclavicular area in 10 high-intensity exercises (HIE) athletes, 20 moderate intensity exercises (MIE) athletes and 19 low-intensity exercises non-athlete male controls (NCM). Twelve imaging parameters, including the total volume of muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and the mean fat-water fraction (FWF) within these tissues. Additionally, ratios of BAT or WAT to total fat (BATr or WATr) and the proportions of muscle, BAT, or WAT to total tissue volume (Musp, BATp, and WATp) were calculated. Parameters were compared across groups and correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI), waistline, and hipline. RESULTS The HIE group exhibited the highest total muscle (totalMUS) and brown adipose tissue (totalBAT) volumes among the three groups. Conversely, the NCM group had significantly higher fwfFAT and fwfBAT values. The MUSp was higher in the HIE and MIE groups compared to NCM, while the BATp and WATp were lower. Furthermore, the BATr in HIE and MIE groups were higher than NCM group while the WATr were lower. Significant linear relationships were observed between totalBAT, totalWAT, MUSp, BATr, fwfFAT, and BMI, waistline (P < 0.05) across all groups. CONCLUSIONS MIE is sufficient for the purpose of weight control, While HIE helps to further increase the muscle mass. All three physical indexes were significantly associated with the image parameters, with waistline emerging as the most effective indicator for detecting metabolic changes across all groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- Orthopedics Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jicheng Fang
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenghu Deng
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Zoheb Ahasan
- Radiology Department, Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Radiology Department, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Kejia Cai
- Radiology Department, Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Bioengineering Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Laron Z, Kauli R, Silbergeld A. Adult patients with Laron syndrome tend to develop the metabolic syndrome. Growth Horm IGF Res 2024; 78:101605. [PMID: 39084176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2024.101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic Syndrome is the name of a cluster of abnormal clinical and metabolic states, which constitute a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. AIM To determine whether adult patients with Laron Syndrome with excessive obesity develop the characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome. SUBJECTS Out of a cohort of adult patients with Laron Syndrome followed in our clinic, records of 23 patients (12 females, 11 males) were found to have sufficient data for analysis. METHODS The degree of obesity was determined by the measurement of subscapular skinfold thickness (SSFT), BMI and total body DEXA. NAFLD was determined by liver ultrasonography, serum lipids including adiponectin leptin, insulin and glucose were assessed by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Both female and male patients were markedly obese with 59% and 39% fat of the total body mass respectively, as were total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and adiponectin. Some had developed NAFLD. They also suffered from insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Eleven patients (3 females, 8 males) developed diabetes. All had varying degrees of hypertension. Eight subjects (3 females, 5 males) suffered from cardiovascular disease. One female died at aged 53 years, and two males died at ages 75 and 78 years. CONCLUSION With advancing age and increasing obesity, adult patients with Laron Syndrome developed the characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome including diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Laron
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Rivka Kauli
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Avivah Silbergeld
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Aubert M, Mege D, Goere D, Ezzedine W, Pocard M, Quenet F, Wernert R, Glehen O, Pirro N. Impact of obesity after cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy for rare peritoneal malignancies: Paradox of obesity or poor prognostic factor? EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024; 50:108507. [PMID: 38954880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a public health concern with an increasing occurrence worldwide. Literature regarding impact of obesity on results after management of peritoneal carcinomatosis is poor. Our aim was to compare postoperative and oncological outcomes after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for rare peritoneal malignancies according to the body mass index. METHODS All the patients managed by cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for rare peritoneal malignancies (including mainly pseudomyxoma peritonei and peritoneal mesothelioma), between 1995 and 2020, were retrospectively included from the French national registry of rare peritoneal tumors. RESULTS 1450 patients were retrospectively included (63.5 % female, mean age 54 ± 13 years). Patients were divided into two groups according to their body mass index: non-obese (n = 1248, 86 %) and obese (n = 202, 14 %). Overall morbidity was significantly lower in non-obese patients in comparison with obese patients (n = 532/1248, 43 % vs n = 106/202, 53 %, p = 0.009). Medical and surgical morbidities were significantly lower in non-obese patients in comparison with obese patients (423/1258, 34 % vs n = 86/202, 43 %, p = 0.02 and n = 321/1248, 26 % vs n = 67/202, 33 %, p = 0.003, respectively). One-, 5- and 10-year overall survivals were similar between non-obese and obese patients (95 %, 82 % and 70 % vs 94 %, 76 % and 63 %; p = 0.1). One-, 5- and 10-year disease free survivals were similar between non-obese and obese patients (84 %, 67 % and 61 % vs 79 %, 62 % and 56 %, p = 0.1). CONCLUSION Obese patients have to be carefully managed after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for rare peritoneal malignancies. Some perioperative prophylactic treatments could be specifically implemented to reduce thromboembolic events, metabolic and wound complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aubert
- Departments of Digestive Surgery, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France.
| | - D Mege
- Departments of Digestive Surgery, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - D Goere
- Departments of Digestive Surgery, APHP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - W Ezzedine
- Departments of Digestive Surgery, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
| | - M Pocard
- Departments of Digestive Surgery, APHP, Hôpital De La Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - F Quenet
- Departments of Digestive Surgery, Institut Régional Du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - R Wernert
- Departments of Digestive Surgery, Institut De Cancérologie De L'ouest, Angers, France
| | - O Glehen
- Departments of Digestive Surgery, Hospices Civiles De Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - N Pirro
- Departments of Digestive Surgery, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
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Knoll M, Honce R, Meliopoulos V, Segredo-Otero EA, Johnson KE, Schultz-Cherry S, Ghedin E, Gresham D. Host obesity impacts genetic variation in influenza A viral populations. J Virol 2024; 98:e0177823. [PMID: 38785423 PMCID: PMC11237528 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01778-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is well established as a risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases; however, its consequences for infectious disease are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of host obesity on influenza A virus (IAV) genetic variation using a diet-induced obesity ferret model and the A/Hong Kong/1073/1999 (H9N2) strain. Using a co-caging study design, we investigated the maintenance, generation, and transmission of intrahost IAV genetic variation by sequencing viral genomic RNA obtained from nasal wash samples over multiple days of infection. We found evidence for an enhanced role of positive selection acting on de novo mutations in obese hosts that led to nonsynonymous changes that rose to high frequency. In addition, we identified numerous cases of mutations throughout the genome that were specific to obese hosts and that were preserved during transmission between hosts. Despite detection of obese-specific variants, the overall viral genetic diversity did not differ significantly between obese and lean hosts. This is likely due to the high supply rate of de novo variation and common evolutionary adaptations to the ferret host regardless of obesity status, which we show are mediated by variation in the hemagglutinin and polymerase genes (PB2 and PB1). We also identified defective viral genomes (DVGs) that were found uniquely in either obese or lean hosts, but the overall DVG diversity and dynamics did not differ between the two groups. Our study suggests that obesity may result in a unique selective environment impacting intrahost IAV evolution, highlighting the need for additional genetic and functional studies to confirm these effects.IMPORTANCEObesity is a chronic health condition characterized by excess adiposity leading to a systemic increase in inflammation and dysregulation of metabolic hormones and immune cell populations. Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly infectious pathogen responsible for seasonal and pandemic influenza. Host risk factors, including compromised immunity and pre-existing health conditions, can contribute to increased infection susceptibility and disease severity. During viral replication in a host, the negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome of IAV accumulates genetic diversity that may have important consequences for viral evolution and transmission. Our study provides the first insight into the consequences of host obesity on viral genetic diversity and adaptation, suggesting that host factors associated with obesity alter the selective environment experienced by a viral population, thereby impacting the spectrum of genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Knoll
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebekah Honce
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Katherine E.E. Johnson
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Gresham
- Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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Basu R, Elmendorf AJ, Lorentz B, Mahler CA, Lazzaro O, App B, Zhou S, Yamamoto Y, Suber M, Wann JC, Roh HC, Sheets PL, Johnson TS, Flak JN. Ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus subset stimulates tissue thermogenesis via preoptic area outputs. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101951. [PMID: 38729241 PMCID: PMC11112375 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypothalamic signals potently stimulate energy expenditure by engaging peripheral mechanisms to restore energy homeostasis. Previous studies have identified several critical hypothalamic sites (e.g. preoptic area (POA) and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN)) that could be part of an interconnected neurocircuit that controls tissue thermogenesis and essential for body weight control. However, the key neurocircuit that can stimulate energy expenditure has not yet been established. METHODS Here, we investigated the downstream mechanisms by which VMN neurons stimulate adipose tissue thermogenesis. We manipulated subsets of VMN neurons acutely as well as chronically and studied its effect on tissue thermogenesis and body weight control, using Sf1Cre and Adcyap1Cre mice and measured physiological parameters under both high-fat diet and standard chow diet conditions. To determine the node efferent to these VMN neurons, that is involved in modulating energy expenditure, we employed electrophysiology and optogenetics experiments combined with measurements using tissue-implantable temperature microchips. RESULTS Activation of the VMN neurons that express the steroidogenic factor 1 (Sf1; VMNSf1 neurons) reduced body weight, adiposity and increased energy expenditure in diet-induced obese mice. This function is likely mediated, at least in part, by the release of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP; encoded by the Adcyap1 gene) by the VMN neurons, since we previously demonstrated that PACAP, at the VMN, plays a key role in energy expenditure control. Thus, we then shifted focus to the subpopulation of VMNSf1 neurons that contain the neuropeptide PACAP (VMNPACAP neurons). Since the VMN neurons do not directly project to the peripheral tissues, we traced the location of the VMNPACAP neurons' efferents. We identified that VMNPACAP neurons project to and activate neurons in the caudal regions of the POA whereby these projections stimulate tissue thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue. We demonstrated that selective activation of caudal POA projections from VMNPACAP neurons induces tissue thermogenesis, most potently in negative energy balance and activating these projections lead to some similar, but mostly unique, patterns of gene expression in brown and beige tissue. Finally, we demonstrated that the activation of the VMNPACAP neurons' efferents that lie at the caudal POA are necessary for inducing tissue thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that VMNPACAP connections with the caudal POA neurons impact adipose tissue function and are important for induction of tissue thermogenesis. Our data suggests that the VMNPACAP → caudal POA neurocircuit and its components are critical for controlling energy balance by activating energy expenditure and body weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmita Basu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Elmendorf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Betty Lorentz
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Connor A Mahler
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Olivia Lazzaro
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Britany App
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shudi Zhou
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yura Yamamoto
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mya Suber
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jamie C Wann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hyun Cheol Roh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Patrick L Sheets
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Travis S Johnson
- Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan N Flak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Sathyan S, Milman S, Ayers E, Gao T, Verghese J, Barzilai N. Plasma proteomic profile of abdominal obesity in older adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:938-948. [PMID: 38439214 PMCID: PMC11039368 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the plasma proteomic profile of abdominal obesity in older adults. METHODS The association of abdominal obesity (waist circumference [WC]) with 4265 plasma proteins identified using the SomaScan Assay was examined in 969 Ashkenazi Jewish participants (LonGenity cohort), aged 65 years and older (mean [SD] age 75.7 [6.7] years, 55.4% women), using regression models. Pathway analysis, as well as weighted correlation network analysis, was performed. WC was determined from the proteome using elastic net regression. RESULTS A total of 480 out of 4265 proteins were associated with WC in the linear regression model. Leptin (β [SE] = 12.363 [0.490]), inhibin β C chain (INHBC; β [SE] = 24.324 [1.448]), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2; β [SE] = -12.782 [0.841]), heparan-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 3 (H6ST3; β [SE] = -39.995 [2.729]), and matrix-remodeling-associated protein 8 (MXRA8; β [SE] = -27.101 [1.850]) were the top proteins associated with WC. Cell adhesion, extracellular matrix remodeling, and IGF transport pathways were the top enriched pathways associated with WC. WC signature determined from plasma proteins was highly correlated with measured WC (r = 0.80) and was associated with various metabolic and physical traits. CONCLUSIONS The study unveiled a multifaceted plasma proteomic profile of abdominal obesity in older adults, offering insights into its wide-ranging impact on the proteome. It also elucidated novel proteins, clusters of correlated proteins, and pathways that are intricately associated with abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanish Sathyan
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Emmeline Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tina Gao
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Cotterell A, Griffin M, Downer MA, Parker JB, Wan D, Longaker MT. Understanding wound healing in obesity. World J Exp Med 2024; 14:86898. [PMID: 38590299 PMCID: PMC10999071 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i1.86898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become more prevalent in the global population. It is associated with the development of several diseases including diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and metabolic syndrome. There are a multitude of factors impacted by obesity that may contribute to poor wound healing outcomes. With millions worldwide classified as obese, it is imperative to understand wound healing in these patients. Despite advances in the understanding of wound healing in both healthy and diabetic populations, much is unknown about wound healing in obese patients. This review examines the impact of obesity on wound healing and several animal models that may be used to broaden our understanding in this area. As a growing portion of the population identifies as obese, understanding the underlying mechanisms and how to overcome poor wound healing is of the utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Cotterell
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94301, United States
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94301, United States
| | - Mauricio A Downer
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94301, United States
| | - Jennifer B Parker
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94301, United States
| | - Derrick Wan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94301, United States
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94301, United States
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Lynch M, Bucknall M, Jagger C, Kingston A, Wilkie R. Demographic, health, physical activity, and workplace factors are associated with lower healthy working life expectancy and life expectancy at age 50. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5936. [PMID: 38467680 PMCID: PMC10928117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although retirement ages are rising in the United Kingdom and other countries, the average number of years people in England can expect to spend both healthy and work from age 50 (Healthy Working Life Expectancy; HWLE) is less than the number of years to the State Pension age. This study aimed to estimate HWLE with the presence and absence of selected health, socio-demographic, physical activity, and workplace factors relevant to stakeholders focusing on improving work participation. Data from 11,540 adults in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing were analysed using a continuous time 3-state multi-state model. Age-adjusted hazard rate ratios (aHRR) were estimated for transitions between health and work states associated with individual and combinations of health, socio-demographic, and workplace factors. HWLE from age 50 was 3.3 years fewer on average for people with pain interference (6.54 years with 95% confidence interval [6.07, 7.01]) compared to those without (9.79 [9.50, 10.08]). Osteoarthritis and mental health problems were associated with 2.2 and 2.9 fewer healthy working years respectively (HWLE for people without osteoarthritis: 9.50 years [9.22, 9.79]; HWLE with osteoarthritis: 7.29 years [6.20, 8.39]; HWLE without mental health problems: 9.76 years [9.48, 10.05]; HWLE with mental health problems: 6.87 years [1.58, 12.15]). Obesity and physical inactivity were associated with 0.9 and 2.0 fewer healthy working years respectively (HWLE without obesity: 9.31 years [9.01, 9.62]; HWLE with obesity: 8.44 years [8.02, 8.86]; HWLE without physical inactivity: 9.62 years [9.32, 9.91]; HWLE with physical inactivity: 7.67 years [7.23, 8.12]). Workers without autonomy at work or with inadequate support at work were expected to lose 1.8 and 1.7 years respectively in work with good health from age 50 (HWLE for workers with autonomy: 9.50 years [9.20, 9.79]; HWLE for workers lacking autonomy: 7.67 years [7.22, 8.12]; HWLE for workers with support: 9.52 years [9.22, 9.82]; HWLE for workers with inadequate support: 7.86 years [7.22, 8.12]). This study identified demographic, health, physical activity, and workplace factors associated with lower HWLE and life expectancy at age 50. Identifying the extent of the impact on healthy working life highlights these factors as targets and the potential to mitigate against premature work exit is encouraging to policy-makers seeking to extend working life as well as people with musculoskeletal and mental health conditions and their employers. The HWLE gaps suggest that interventions are needed to promote the health, wellbeing and work outcomes of subpopulations with long-term health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty Lynch
- School of Medicine, Keele University, David Weatherall Building, Newcastle under Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK.
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Milica Bucknall
- School of Medicine, Keele University, David Weatherall Building, Newcastle under Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Carol Jagger
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Andrew Kingston
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Ross Wilkie
- School of Medicine, Keele University, David Weatherall Building, Newcastle under Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Pandit P, Shirke C, Bhatia N, Godad A, Belemkar S, Patel J, Zine S. An Overview of Recent Findings that Shed Light on the Connection between Fat and Cancer. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:178-193. [PMID: 37489790 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230724141942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and cancer have been found to have a direct link in epidemiological studies. Obesity raises the risk of cancer and associated chronic disorders. Furthermore, an imbalance of adipokines, like leptins, plays a crucial role in neoplasm pathogenesis, cell migration, and thereby, cancer metastasis. Also, leptin increases human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein levels through the STAT3-mediated (signal transducer and activator of transcription) upregulation of heat shock protein (Hsp90) in breast cancer cells. It has been noticed that insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) act as mitosis activators in the host and cancerous breast epithelial cells. The condition of hyperinsulinemia explains the positive association between colorectal cancer and obesity. Furthermore, in prostate cancer, an alteration in sex hormone levels, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, has been reported to occur, along with increased oxidative stress, which is the actual cause of the tumors. Whereas, there have been two interconnected factors that play a crucial role in the psychological cycle concerned with lung cancer. The review article focuses on all the prospects of etiological mechanisms that have found linkage with obesity and breast, colon, lung, and prostate cancers. Furthermore, the article has also highlighted how these new insights into the processes occur and, due to which reasons, obesity contributes to tumorigenesis. This review provides a detailed discussion on the progression, which can assist in the development of new and innovative techniques to interfere in this process, and it has been supported with insights based on evidence literature on approved clinical treatments for obesity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Pandit
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chaitanya Shirke
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NMIMS Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management - (SPPSPTM), Mumbai, India
| | - Nirav Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Angel Godad
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sateesh Belemkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Jayshree Patel
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Sandip Zine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V. M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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11
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Yoon SS, Lim Y, Jeong S, Han HW. Association of weight changes with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes: A nationwide retrospective cohort study. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1918-1924. [PMID: 37871359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for COVID-19. However, it is unknown whether weight changes can alter this risk. We investigated the association of weight changes with SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute severe COVID-19 outcomes occurring within two months of the infection. METHODS We used 6.3 million nationwide cohort. The body weight was classified as follows: (1) underweight, body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2; (2) normal, BMI 18.5-22.9 kg/m2; (3) overweight, BMI 23-24.9 kg/m2; (4) obese, BMI≥ 25 kg/m2. Weight changes were defined by comparing the classification of body weight during the health screening period I and II. The outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes within two months after the infection. The association was evaluated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. The following covariates were adjusted: age, sex, household income, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, Charlson comorbidity index score, and dose of all COVID-19 vaccinations prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS Of the 2119,460 study participants, 184,204 were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Weight gain showed a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in underweight to normal and normal to overweight groups. Conversely, weight loss showed a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in normal to underweight, overweight to underweight, overweight to normal, obese to normal, and obese to overweight groups. In addition, weight gain revealed a higher risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, whereas weight loss showed a lower risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. CONCLUSION This study found that weight loss and gain are associated with a lower and higher risk of both SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes, respectively. Healthy weight management may be beneficial against the risk of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Wook Han
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Ren W, Gong Y, Zhen Q, Gu L, Yang J, Kang M, Zhang A, Shen T, Wang Y, Liu F, Li N. Effect of weight loss on proteinuria in adults with type 2 diabetes: A real-world study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 206:111021. [PMID: 37979727 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the impact of weight loss on proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in real-world settings. METHODS A total of 1054 participants were categorized based on weight change from baseline to one-year follow-up: weight gain (≥3%), stable weight, or weight loss (≥3%). Proteinuria outcomes were defined as urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) progression (≥30 % increase), UACR regression (≥30 % reduction), or UACR stable. Ordered logistic regression analysis evaluated the relationship between weight loss and UACR regression. RESULTS Of the 1054 participants, 44.5 % were overweight, and 24.1 % were obese. Patients with obesity were at higher risk of developing proteinuria (OR, 1.783; 95 %CI, 1.195 to 2.659). Weight loss was associated with an 83.3 % increase in UACR regression compared to weight gain (OR, 1.833; 95 % CI, 1.262 to 2.663; P = 0.001). This association remained consistent across most subgroups and stronger in males (P for interaction = 0.023), with a 6 % UACR regression for every 1 kg weight loss (OR, 1.06; 95 % CI, 1.02 to 1.10; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Our real-world study reveals that weight reduction is associated with UACR regression in patients with T2DM, regardless of the approach used for weight management, and the association was much stronger in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yujia Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qin Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Liping Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Mei Kang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Aifang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
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Davis KM, Knauft K, Lewis L, Petriello M, Petrick L, Luca F, Joseph NT, Fritz H, Cutchin M, Rappaport L, Levy P, Engeland CG, Zilioli S. The heart of Detroit study: a window into urban middle-aged and older African Americans' daily lives to understand psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular disease risk. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:766. [PMID: 37853373 PMCID: PMC10585810 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease disproportionately affects African Americans. Psychosocial factors, including the experience of and emotional reactivity to racism and interpersonal stressors, contribute to the etiology and progression of cardiovascular disease through effects on health behaviors, stress-responsive neuroendocrine axes, and immune processes. The full pathway and complexities of these associations remain underexamined in African Americans. The Heart of Detroit Study aims to identify and model the biopsychosocial pathways that influence cardiovascular disease risk in a sample of urban middle-aged and older African American adults. METHODS The proposed sample will be composed of 500 African American adults between the ages of 55 and 75 from the Detroit urban area. This longitudinal study will consist of two waves of data collection, two years apart. Biomarkers of stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular surrogate endpoints (i.e., heart rate variability and blood pressure) will be collected at each wave. Ecological momentary assessments will characterize momentary and daily experiences of stress, affect, and health behaviors during the first wave. A proposed subsample of 60 individuals will also complete an in-depth qualitative interview to contextualize quantitative results. The central hypothesis of this project is that interpersonal stressors predict poor cardiovascular outcomes, cumulative physiological stress, poor sleep, and inflammation by altering daily affect, daily health behaviors, and daily physiological stress. DISCUSSION This study will provide insight into the biopsychosocial pathways through which experiences of stress and discrimination increase cardiovascular disease risk over micro and macro time scales among urban African American adults. Its discoveries will guide the design of future contextualized, time-sensitive, and culturally tailored behavioral interventions to reduce racial disparities in cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Davis
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Katherine Knauft
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Lena Lewis
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Michael Petriello
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lauren Petrick
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nataria T Joseph
- Department of Psychology, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, 90265, USA
| | - Heather Fritz
- School of Occupational Therapy, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA, 98901, USA
| | - Malcolm Cutchin
- School of Occupational Therapy, Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences, Yakima, WA, 98901, USA
| | - Lance Rappaport
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 1B4, Canada
| | - Phillip Levy
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Christopher G Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Samuele Zilioli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Abdu Seid M, Diress M, Mohammed A, Sinamaw D. Chronic constipation and its associated factors in patients with type-2 diabetes: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 204:110905. [PMID: 37757985 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is one of the global public health concern and constipation is frequently seen among gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes. Despite the fact that constipation is common, doctors and/or patients disregard it. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and contributing factors of constipation in patients with diabetes. METHODS Multi-center cross-sectional study was carried out and the data was analyzed using STATA 14. Binary and multilevel logistic regressions were also carried out to identify associated to factors. Factors having a p-value of less than 0.05 were deemed statistically significant in the final model. RESULTS 206 diabetics participated in the survey. The mean age of the participants was 52.7 years (SD ± 11.9). The prevalence of constipation was 16% (95% CI: 10.97-21.07). Age (AOR = 13.56; 95% CI: 1.71, 107.21), females (AOR = 4.58; 95% CI: 1.76, 11.87), the duration of the diabetes (AOR = 3.16; 95% CI: 1.21, 8.24), and psychological distress (AOR = 12.49, 95% CI: 1.53, 101.8) were significant factors. CONCLUSION The magnitude of constipation was considerable, and it was linked to psychological distress, longer-lasting diabetes, being a woman, and ageing. Patients with type-2 diabetes need to receive careful treatment in order to reduce the severity of the condition and its additional complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abdu Seid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Ethiopia.
| | | | | | - Deresse Sinamaw
- Department of Biomedical Science, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia.
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15
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Somuncu E, Ornek Z, Kardes H, Guven B, Somuncu MU. The relationship between metabolic syndrome criteria and pentraxin-3 levels in children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:865-872. [PMID: 37531149 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While the positive correlation was shown in a few studies which investigated the relationship between obesity and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) levels, different findings were obtained in other studies. We aimed to determine PTX-3 levels in obese and healthy children, and their relationship with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) criteria. METHODS 105 children and adolescents were considered as the study population. Participants were divided into three groups; obese and MetS (OM+), obese and non-MetS (OM-) and the control group. Fasting glucose, blood lipids and PTX-3 levels were measured. Ultrasonography was performed to detect hepatic steatosis. MetS and hepatic steatosis were investigated by dividing the patients into two groups according to PTX-3 levels. RESULTS The study population consisted of 37 patients with OM+; 35 patients with OM- and 33 healthy children. OM+ patients had higher fasting insulin (p<0.001), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.001) and lower high-density lipoprotein (p=0.001). The PTX-3 level was higher in the OM+ group compared to both OM- group and the control group (p=0.002). When two groups were generated according to PTX-3 level, a higher frequency of MetS was detected in the high PTX 3 group than in all three major MetS diagnostic criteria groups. Moreover, there was more hepatic steatosis in the high PTX-3 group independent from obesity and MetS. CONCLUSIONS Higher PTX-3 levels were present in children and adolescent obese patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Somuncu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zonguldak Gynecology and Childhood Hospital Zonguldak, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Zuhal Ornek
- Department of Pediatrics, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Hakan Kardes
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Karadeniz Technical University Farabi Hospital Trabzon, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Berrak Guven
- Department of Biochemistry, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Umut Somuncu
- Department of Cardiology, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Türkiye
- Department of Cardiology, Aydın Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Aydın, Türkiye
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16
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang QQ, Zhou Y, Liu JL. Fat body-specific reduction of CTPS alleviates HFD-induced obesity. eLife 2023; 12:e85293. [PMID: 37695169 PMCID: PMC10495109 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) is a multi-factorial disease including genetic, physiological, behavioral, and environmental components. Drosophila has emerged as an effective metabolic disease model. Cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthase (CTPS) is an important enzyme for the de novo synthesis of CTP, governing the cellular level of CTP and the rate of phospholipid synthesis. CTPS is known to form filamentous structures called cytoophidia, which are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Our study demonstrates that CTPS is crucial in regulating body weight and starvation resistance in Drosophila by functioning in the fat body. HFD-induced obesity leads to increased transcription of CTPS and elongates cytoophidia in larval adipocytes. Depleting CTPS in the fat body prevented HFD-induced obesity, including body weight gain, adipocyte expansion, and lipid accumulation, by inhibiting the PI3K-Akt-SREBP axis. Furthermore, a dominant-negative form of CTPS also prevented adipocyte expansion and downregulated lipogenic genes. These findings not only establish a functional link between CTPS and lipid homeostasis but also highlight the potential role of CTPS manipulation in the treatment of HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanbing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiao-Qi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Youfang Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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El-Kersh DM, Kotob SE, Ammar NM, Mohawed OAM, Ahmed HH, Farag MA. Unravelling the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of standardized green and black caffeinated coffee, tea, and their mixtures in an obese male rat model: Insights from biochemical, metabolomic, and histopathological analyses. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113971. [PMID: 37506863 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major metabolic syndrome risk factors upon which altered metabolic pathways follow. This study aimed to discern altered metabolic pathways associated with obesity and to pinpoint metabolite biomarkers in serum of obese rats fed on high fructose diet using metabolomics. Further, the effect of standardized green versus black caffeinated aqueous extracts (tea and coffee) in controlling obesity and its comorbidities through monitoring relevant serum biomarkers viz. Leptin, adiponectin, spexin, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity. Liver tissue oxidative stress (catalase, super oxide dismutase and glutathione) and inflammation (IL-1β and IL-6) markers were assessed for green coffee and its mixture with green tea. Results revealed improvement of all parameters upon treatments with more prominence for those treated with green caffeinated extract (coffee and tea) especially in mixture. Upon comparing with obese rat group, the green mixture of coffee and tea exhibited anti-hyperlipidemic action through lowering serum triglycerides by 35.0% and elevating high density lipoprotein by 71.0%. Black tea was likewise effective in lowering serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein by 28.0 and 50.6%, respectively. GC-MS- based metabolomics of rat serum led to the identification of 34 metabolites with obese rat serum enriched in fatty acids (oleamide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M El-Kersh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, 11837, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Soheir E Kotob
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Ammar
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ola A M Mohawed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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Kim S, Song K, Lee M, Suh J, Chae HW, Kim HS, Kwon A. Trends in HOMA-IR values among South Korean adolescents from 2007-2010 to 2019-2020: a sex-, age-, and weight status-specific analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:865-872. [PMID: 37443273 PMCID: PMC10439007 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES An increase in obesity prevalence may lead to an increase in the HOMA-IR value. This study aimed to investigate changes in age- and sex-specific homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values among South Korean adolescents, using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV, V, and VIII conducted between 2007-2010 and 2019-2020. SUBJECTS/METHODS Overall, 4621 adolescents aged 10-18 years were evaluated, including 3473 from the 2007-2010 dataset and 1148 from the 2019-2020 dataset. The mean HOMA-IR values and percentile curves were evaluated by age, sex, and weight status. RESULTS The mean HOMA-IR values peaked at puberty in both sexes and further increased during puberty in the 2019-2020 dataset (boys 5.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.16-6.26; girls 5.21, 95% CI 3.09-7.33) compared with the 2007-2010 dataset (boys 3.25, 95% CI 3.04-3.47; girls 3.58, 95% CI 3.31-3.85). Both groups (with normal-weight and overweight/obesity) exhibited a peak HOMA-IR value during puberty in both sexes and both datasets, although the group with overweight/obesity had a higher and wider peak age range. While the mean HOMA-IR values did not change in adolescents with normal-weight, they increased during puberty and post-puberty in boys with overweight/obesity. CONCLUSIONS HOMA-IR values should be interpreted considering sex, weight status, and pubertal stages. In particular, during the pubertal period, insulin resistance (IR) can coexist not only due to weight-related factors but also as a result of the distinct hormonal changes characteristic of puberty. Over the 10-year period, the mean HOMA-IR values increased in the group with overweight/obesity during puberty and post-puberty, highlighting the need for active intervention to prevent metabolic complications in adolescents with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungchul Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongseob Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Institute of Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Ding L, Yang J, Guo H, Cong P, Xu J, Xue C, Mao X, Zhang T, Wang Y. Dietary Eicosapentaenoic Acid Containing Phosphoethanolamine Plasmalogens Remodels the Lipidome of White Adipose Tissue and Suppresses High-Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200321. [PMID: 37439463 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can alter the lipidome profiles of adipocytes, thereby counteract obesity. DHA/EPA in the form of phospholipids demonstrates higher bioavailability than triglyceride or ethyl ester (EE), but their effects on the lipidome and metabolic changes during obesity are still unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS High-fat diet-induced obese mice are treated with different molecular forms of EPA, and EPA supplemented as phosphoethanolamine plasmalogens (PlsEtn) has a superior effect on reducing fat mass accumulation than phosphatidylcholine (PC) or EE. The lipidomics analysis indicates that EPA in form of PlsEtn but not PC or EE significantly decreases total PC and sphingomyelin content in white adipose tissue (WAT). Some specific polyunsaturated fatty acid -containing PCs and ether phospholipids are increased in EPA-PlsEtn-fed mice, which may attribute to the upregulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid elongation reactions in WAT. In addition, the expression of genes related to fatty acid catabolism is also promoted by EPA-PlsEtn supplementation, which may cause the decreased content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid-containing PCs. CONCLUSIONS EPA-PlsEtn supplementation is demonstrated to remodel lipidome and regulate the fatty acid metabolic process in WAT, indicating it may serve as a new strategy for obesity treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinyue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
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20
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Peral Martínez IM, Martínez Pastor A, Gomariz García JJ, Barquilla García A, Martín Sánchez V, Micó Pérez R, Divisón Garrote JA. Regional differences in the degree of glycaemic diabetes control in Spain and associated factors. IBERICAN study. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2023; 70:448-458. [PMID: 37468414 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is high, it is increasing and its degree of control seems to be improvable with important social and health consequences. The objective of this study is to determine the regional differences in the degree of glycaemic control of T2D in Spain and its associated factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional, multicentre, observational study in patients with T2D between 18 and 85 years of age selected by consecutive sampling between 2014 and 2018. The population was divided into four regions: north, centre, Mediterranean and south-east. The main variable was the value of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Sociodemographic and clinical variables, presence or absence of other risk factors and treatment were recorded. RESULTS A total of 1587 patients with T2D were analysed, with a mean age of 65.93 years (standard deviation [SD] 10.14); 54.5% were men; the mean duration of T2D was 8.63 years (SD 6.64) and the mean HbA1c value was 7.05%. Of the total, 59.8% had an HbA1c value ≤ 7% (north 59.5%, centre 59.5%, Mediterranean 60.6% and south-east 59.8%; P=.99). The factors for poor control were: in the north, duration of T2D and being sedentary; in the centre, duration of T2D and having a low income; in the Mediterranean, duration of T2D; and in the south-east, duration of T2D and having a low level of education or income. Overall, 76.2% of the subjects had hypertension, 75.1% dyslipidaemia, and 51.7% obesity, with significant differences between regions only being observed in the case of dyslipidaemia (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS No differences were observed in the degree of diabetes control in the different regions, with the percentage of patients needing intensification in their control being high in all of them. The factors associated with poor control were the duration of the disease, a low level of education or income, and a sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel María Peral Martínez
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain; Centro de Salud Puerto Lumbreras, Puerto Lumbreras, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Martínez Pastor
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain; Centro de Salud Vistalegre-La Flota, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan José Gomariz García
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain; Centro de Salud Lorca Sur, Lorca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Rafael Micó Pérez
- Centro de Salud Fontanars dels Alforins, Fontanars dels Alforins, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Divisón Garrote
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain; Centro de Salud Casas Ibañez, Casas Ibáñez, Albacete, Spain
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21
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Knoll M, Honce R, Meliopoulos V, Schultz-Cherry S, Ghedin E, Gresham D. Host obesity impacts genetic variation in influenza A viral populations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.12.548715. [PMID: 37503024 PMCID: PMC10369978 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic health condition characterized by excess adiposity leading to a systemic increase in inflammation and dysregulation of metabolic hormones and immune cell populations. Obesity is well established as a risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases; however, its consequences for infectious disease are poorly understood. Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly infectious pathogen responsible for seasonal and pandemic influenza. Host risk factors, including compromised immunity and pre-existing health conditions, can contribute to increased infection susceptibility and disease severity. During viral replication in a host, the negative sense single stranded RNA genome of IAV accumulates genetic diversity that may have important consequences for viral evolution and transmission. Here, we investigated the impact of host obesity on IAV genetic variation using a diet induced obesity ferret model. We infected obese and lean male ferrets with the A/Hong Kong/1073/1999 (H9N2) IAV strain. Using a co-caging study design, we investigated the maintenance, generation, and transmission of intrahost IAV genetic variation by sequencing viral genomic RNA obtained from nasal wash samples over multiple days of infection. We found evidence for an enhanced role of positive selection acting on de novo mutations in obese hosts that led to nonsynonymous changes that rose to high frequency. In addition, we identified numerous cases of recurrent low-frequency mutations throughout the genome that were specific to obese hosts. Despite these obese-specific variants, overall viral genetic diversity did not differ significantly between obese and lean hosts. This is likely due to the high supply rate of de novo variation and common evolutionary adaptations to the ferret host regardless of obesity status, which we show are mediated by variation in the hemagglutinin (HA) and polymerase genes (PB2 and PB1). As with single nucleotide variants, we identified a class of defective viral genomes (DVGs) that were found uniquely in either obese or lean hosts, but overall DVG diversity and dynamics did not differ between the two groups. Our study provides the first insight into the consequences of host obesity on viral genetic diversity and adaptation, suggesting that host factors associated with obesity alter the selective environment experienced by a viral population, thereby impacting the spectrum of genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Knoll
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University
| | - Rebekah Honce
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
| | | | | | - Elodie Ghedin
- Systems Genomics Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - David Gresham
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University
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22
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Zhang Y, Tang N, Xia W, Sanjid Seraj S, Pereira M, Velu P, Zhou H, Yang H, Du G. The effect of green tea supplementation on the anthropometric outcomes in overweight and obese women: a time and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37300478 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2220796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inconsistencies are evident within the literature regarding the role of Green Tea (GT) supplementation on women living with obesity. To address this, we conducted to determine the impact of GT supplementation on the weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) in overweight and obese women using time and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This meta-analysis searched electronic Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed/Medline databases from inception to December 1st, 2022. Data were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 2061 references were identified, and 15 articles with 16 RCT arms on body weight, 17 RCT arms on BMI, and 7 RCT arms on WC were included in the meta-analysis. GT supplementation significantly decreases body weight (WMD: -1.23 kg, 95% CI: -2.13 to -0.33, p = 0.007), BMI (WMD: -0.47 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.07, p = 0.020) and WC (WMD: -3.46 cm, 95% CI: -6.75 to -0.16, p = 0.040). In subgroup analyses, GT consumption demonstrated lowered body weight with dosaes ≥1000 mg/day (WMD: -1.38 kg), in the RCTs, which lasted ≥8 wk (WMD: -1.24 kg). The non-linear dose-response assessment detected a negative correlation between the changes in body weight and BMI in green tea consumption of more than 1000 (mg/day). The GT supplementation reduced the weight, BMI, and WC in overweight and obese women. In clinical practice, healthcare professionals can recommend using GT with dosages ≥ 1000mg/day and duration ≥ 8 wk in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Nie Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaikh Sanjid Seraj
- Department of Surgery, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Pereira
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Periyannan Velu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanshu Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanggang Du
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Department of Burns, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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23
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Tran TT, Huang WJ, Lin H, Chen HH. New Synthesized Activating Transcription Factor 3 Inducer SW20.1 Suppresses Resistin-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1509. [PMID: 37371606 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an emerging concern globally with increasing prevalence. Obesity is associated with many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and cancer. Thus, effective new antiobesity drugs should be urgently developed. We synthesized SW20.1, a compound that induces activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) expression. The results of Oil Red O staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that SW20.1 was more effective in reducing lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes than the previously synthesized ST32db, and that it inhibited the expression of the genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that SW20.1 inhibited adipogenesis and lipogenesis by binding to the upstream promoter region of resistin at two sites (-2861/-2854 and -241/-234). In mice, the intraperitoneal administration of SW20.1 reduced body weight, white adipocyte weight in different regions, serum cholesterol levels, adipogenesis-related gene expression, hepatic steatosis, and serum resistin levels. Overall, SW20.1 exerts antiobesity effects by inhibiting resistin through the ATF3 pathway. Our study results indicate that SW20.1 is a promising therapeutic drug for diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu T Tran
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen 241-17, Vietnam
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chen
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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24
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Yehuda MB, Barak S, Hutzler Y, Ng K, Giladi A, Meir LB, Marques A, Zigdon A, Zwilling M, Reges O, Fisch YH, Tesler R. Cardiovascular risk profiles clusters among children and adolescents with disabilities. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:896. [PMID: 37189074 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a precursor for disabilities and death worldwide. Being overweight or obese in combination with physical inactivity and smoking habits may increase the risk for CVD and other health problems such as lower limb osteoarthritis, diabetes, stroke, and various cancer types among children and adolescents. The literature emphasizes the need to follow such groups and evaluate the risk of individuals developing CVD diseases. Therefore, the current study explores the variety of cardiovascular risks in children and adolescents' profiles clusters with and without disabilities. METHODS Data from 42 countries including Israel, was collected with the support of the world health organization (WHO, Europe) through a questionnaire from 11-19 years old school-aged. RESULTS The study finding shows that children and adolescents with disabilities demonstrated a higher prevalence of overweight than those who completed the HBSC youth behavior survey. Moreover, the prevalence of tobacco smoking and alcohol use was statisticaly significantly higher among the disabled group than the non-disabled group. In addition, socioeconomic status of responders who presented a very high CVD risk was found as significantly lower than those from the first and second low risk groups. CONCLUSION This led to the conclusion that children and adolescents with disability were at a higher risk of developing CVDs than their non-disabled peers. In addition, intervention programs tailored to the needs of adolescents with disability should consider lifestyle habit change and promoting healthy living thus improving their quality of life as well as reducing their risk of being exposed to severe CVD diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon Barak
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Ariel University, Ari'el, Israel
| | | | - Kwok Ng
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Rauma, Finland
| | - Ariela Giladi
- School of Education, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Avi Zigdon
- Health Promotion Research Center, Ariel University, Ari'el, Israel
| | - Moti Zwilling
- Department of Economics & Business Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ariel University, Ari'el, Israel
| | - Orna Reges
- Department of Health System Management, Faculty of Health Science, Ariel University, Ari'el, Israel
| | | | - Riki Tesler
- Health Promotion Research Center, Ariel University, Ari'el, Israel.
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25
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Yang S, Zhou Z, Miao H, Zhang Y. Effect of weight loss on blood pressure changes in overweight patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:404-415. [PMID: 37141231 PMCID: PMC10184479 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
To determine quantitative differences between weight loss and changes in clinic blood pressure (BP) and ambulatory BP in patients with obesity or overweight, the authors performed a meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched up to June 2022. Studies that compared clinic or ambulatory BP with weight loss were included. A random effect model was applied to pool the differences between clinic BP and ambulatory BP. Thirty-five studies, for a total of 3219 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The clinic systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly reduced by 5.79 mmHg (95% CI, 3.54-8.05) and 3.36 mmHg (95% CI, 1.93-4.75) after a mean body mass index (BMI) reduction of 2.27 kg/m2 , and the SBP and DBP were significantly reduced by 6.65 mmHg (95% CI, 5.16-8.14) and 3.63 mmHg (95% CI, 2.03-5.24) after a mean BMI reduction of 4.12 kg/m2 . The BP reductions were much larger in patients with a BMI decrease ≥3 kg/m2 than in patients with less BMI decrease, both for clinic SBP [8.54 mmHg (95% CI, 4.62-12.47)] versus [3.83 mmHg (95% CI, 1.22-6.45)] and clinic DBP [3.45 mmHg (95% CI, 1.59-5.30)] versus [3.15 mmHg (95% CI, 1.21-5.10)]. The significant reduction of the clinic and ambulatory BP followed the weight loss, and this phenomenon could be more notable after medical intervention and a larger weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanyang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Miao
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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26
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Guimarães VHD, Lelis DDF, Oliveira LP, Borém LMA, Guimarães FAD, Farias LC, de Paula AMB, Guimarães ALS, Santos SHS. Comparative study of dietary fat: lard and sugar as a better obesity and metabolic syndrome mice model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:449-459. [PMID: 33176505 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1835986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet macronutrient heterogeneity hinders animal studies' data extrapolation from metabolic disorders to human diseases. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate different fat-diet compositions' effect on inducing lipid/glucose metabolism alterations in mice. METHODS Swiss male mice were fed for 12 weeks with five different diets: Standard Diet (ST), American Institute of Nutrition 93 for growth (AIN93G) high-butter/high-sugar (HBHS), high-lard/high-sugar (HLHS), and high-oil/high-sugar diet (soybean oil) (HOHS). Several parameters, such as serum biochemistry, histology, and liver mRNA expression, were accessed. RESULTS The main findings revealed that the HLHS diet dramatically altered liver metabolism inducing hepatic steatosis and increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, increasing liver CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP-α), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Catalase (CAT) mRNA expression. Moreover, the HLHS diet increased glucose intolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS High-fat/high-sugar diets are efficient to induce obesity and metabolic syndrome-associated alterations, and diets enriched with lard and sugar showed more effective results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Luis Paulo Oliveira
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | | | - Felipe Alberto Dantas Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Lucyana Conceição Farias
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Alfredo Mauricio Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Brasil
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Postgraduate Program in Food and Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Brasil
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27
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Gabbrielli R, Pugno NM. The impact of mean body mass index on reported mortality from COVID-19 across 181 countries. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1106313. [PMID: 36992892 PMCID: PMC10042264 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1106313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Accountability for global health issues such as a pandemic and its devastating consequences are usually ascribed to a virus, but a comprehensive view should also take into account the state of the host. Data suggests that excessive nutrition is to blame for a yet unknown but not negligible portion of deaths attributed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We analyzed the correlation between mean body mass index (BMI) and 2-year coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality rates reported by 181 countries worldwide. Almost two thirds of the countries included had a mean BMI greater or equal to 25, with death rates ranging from 3 to 6,280 per million. Death rates in countries with a mean BMI below 25 ranged from 3 to 1,533. When the analysis was restricted to countries where the extent of testing was deemed more representative of actual mortality, only 20.1% had a mean BMI <25 but the mortality difference persisted. A second analysis looking at pre-vaccination mortality obtained from a different source led to similar conclusions. Due to the nature of the variables, reverse causation can be excluded while common causation can not. A mean BMI <25 for a country seems to spare its citizens from the highest COVID-19 mortality rates. The impact of excess weight on global COVID-19 mortality is suspected to have been much higher than what currently perceived, here estimated at no less than a fourfold increase in mortality. Countries with normal mean BMI constitute precious test beds for the quantification of the effects of overeating on COVID-19 mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Gabbrielli
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ruggero Gabbrielli
| | - Nicola Maria Pugno
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta Materials and Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Ramavath K, Subbiah Nagaraj S, Kumar M, Raypattanaik NM, Dahiya D, Savlania A, Tandup C, Kalra N, Behera A, Kaman L. Visceral Obesity as a Predictor of Postoperative Complications After Pancreaticoduodenectomy. Cureus 2023; 15:e35815. [PMID: 37033590 PMCID: PMC10075183 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality post surgery. The measurement of visceral obesity can predict postoperative outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS This is a prospective observational study. Visceral obesity was calculated by measuring the fat thickness in the retro-renal area by using a computed tomography scan. Visceral obesity was defined as retro-renal fat thickness (RRFT) of ≥ 2 cm. Patients were divided into two groups: Group-A (RRFT < 2 cm, non-obese) and Group-B (RRFT > 2 cm, obese). Demographic, clinical, and intraoperative variables were correlated with postoperative outcomes. RESULTS Fifty-six patients were included in the study. Thirty-two patients were included in Group-A, and 24 patients were included in Group-B. The two groups had comparable outcomes. A total of 21 patients in Group-A (65.62%) and 17 patients in Group-B (70.83%) had comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary disease (p=0.680). American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grading was comparable (p=0.927). BMI was also comparable (p=0.354). Type of pancreaticoduodenectomy, pancreatic texture, pancreatic duct diameter, and technique of pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis were comparable. The mean operative time was longer in Group-B (362 ± 36.2 min vs. 298 ± 45.2 min) (p=0.001). Intraoperative blood loss was more in Group-B (312 ± 36.8 ml vs. 267 ± 23.7 ml) (p=0.001). The rates of postoperative pancreatic fistula and delayed gastric emptying were comparable (p=0.402 and p=0.134, respectively). The length of hospital stay was longer in patients in Group-B (p=0.004). There was one death in Group-B (obese group). CONCLUSION Visceral obesity is a risk factor for postoperative complications after a pancreaticoduodenectomy.
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Clina JG, Herman C, Ferguson CC, Rimmer JH. Adapting an evidence-based physical activity questionnaire for people with physical disabilities: A methodological process. Disabil Health J 2023:101447. [PMID: 36841678 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practitioners and researchers often adapt tools, practices, and programs to meet the needs of culturally diverse population groups, but do not consider populations with disability. While there is some research on guidelines for adapting evidence-based programs, there is no systematic process for adapting survey instruments. Rather than creating separate instruments for people with physical disabilities (PWD), it is critical that instruments are designed to capture data on people with and without disabilities for comparison purposes. Given the disproportionately high rates of physical inactivity and obesity in PWD, we developed a methodology to adapt an evidence-based physical activity instrument. OBJECTIVE To create a methodology to adapt surveys to be inclusive of PWD and use the methodology to adapt an evidence-based physical activity survey. METHODS A framework was developed to adapt a physical activity survey instrument (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ) to be inclusive of PWD. The framework, referred to as SAVe-IT, includes five steps: Step 1) Select survey instrument to adapt; Step 2) Adapt the survey instrument; Step 3) Verify adaptations with experts; Step 4) Implement pilot test; Step 5) Test the tool to confirm reliability. RESULTS The adapted IPAQ passed review by the expert panels and the pilot test (n = 20). Assessment of test-retest reliability (n = 30) yielded strong intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.950 for the total score for the whole sample, 0.950 for PWD (n = 15) and 0.952 for people without disability (n = 15). CONCLUSIONS The SAVe-IT framework resulted in the successful adaptation of the IPAQ and can be used in populations with and without physical disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne G Clina
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Cassandra Herman
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois Chicago, 1675 W. Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - Christine C Ferguson
- UAB Research Collaborative, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 3810 Ridgeway Dr, Homewood, AL, 35209, USA
| | - James H Rimmer
- UAB Research Collaborative, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 3810 Ridgeway Dr, Homewood, AL, 35209, USA
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Cho E, Kim JY, Cho B, Lee JS, Yoon YC, Shin YC, Kim H, Gil S, Kim S. Efficacy of fermented grain using Bacillus coagulans in reducing visceral fat among people with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1148512. [PMID: 37139448 PMCID: PMC10149940 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1148512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a socioeconomic problem, and visceral obesity, in particular, is related to cardiovascular diseases or metabolic syndrome. Fermented grains and various microorganisms are known to help with anti-obesity effects and weight management. Studies on the relationship between Bacillus coagulans and anti-obesity effects are not well known, and studies on the application of fermented grains and microorganisms to the human body are also insufficient. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Curezyme-LAC, an ingredient mixed with six-grain types fermented by B. coagulans, in reducing fat mass in adults with obesity. Methods In this randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled study, 100 participants [aged 40-65 years; body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 to ≤ 33 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to two groups: 4 g/day Curezyme-LAC administered as a granulated powder or placebo (steamed grain powder mixture). Results After 12 weeks, visceral adipose tissue decreased significantly in the Curezyme-LAC group compared with that in the placebo group (mean ± standard error, SE of -9.3 cm2 ± 5.1) vs. (6.8 cm2 ± 3.4; p = 0.008). Compared to the placebo group, the Curezyme-LAC group also showed significant reductions in total fat mass (-0.43 ± 0.24 kg vs. 0.31 ± 0.19 kg, p = 0.011), body weight (-0.4 ± 0.3 kg vs. 0.3 ± 0.2 kg, p = 0.021), BMI (-0.14 ± 0.12 vs. 0.10 ± 0.07, p = 0.028), and waist circumference (-0.6 ± 0.2 cm vs. -0.1 ± 0.2 cm, p = 0.018) without a change in dietary intake and physical activity. Conclusion Curezyme-LAC supplementation for 12 weeks may benefit individuals with obesity by reducing visceral fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbyul Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Ju Young Kim,
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Belong Cho,
| | | | | | | | - Hyerim Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Siye Gil
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohye Kim
- Nutrition Care Services, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
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Zheng Y, Rajcsanyi LS, Kowalczyk M, Giuranna J, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Seitz J, de Zwaan M, Herzog W, Ehrlich S, Zipfel S, Giel K, Egberts K, Burghardt R, Föcker M, Al-Lahham S, Hebebrand J, Fuhrer D, Tan S, Zwanziger D, Peters T, Hinney A. Lipocalin 2 - mutation screen and serum levels in patients with anorexia nervosa or obesity and in lean individuals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1137308. [PMID: 37025415 PMCID: PMC10071025 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1137308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The bone-derived adipokine lipocalin-2 is relevant for body weight regulation by stimulating the leptin-melanocortin pathway. OBJECTIVE We aimed to (i) detect variants in the lipocalin-2 gene (LCN2) which are relevant for body weight regulation and/or anorexia nervosa (AN); (ii) describe and characterize the impact of LCN2 and MC4R variants on circulating lipocalin-2 level. METHODS Sanger sequencing of the coding region of LCN2 in 284 children and adolescents with severe obesity or 287 patients with anorexia nervosa. In-silico analyses to evaluate functional implications of detected LCN2 variants. TaqMan assays for rare non-synonymous variants (NSVs) in additional independent study groups. Serum levels of lipocalin-2 were measured by ELISA in 35 females with NSVs in either LCN2 or MC4R, and 33 matched controls without NSVs in the two genes. RESULTS Fourteen LCN2-variants (five NSVs) were detected. LCN2-p.Leu6Pro and p.Gly9Val located in the highly conserved signal peptide region may induce functional consequences. The secondary structure change of lipocalin-2 due to LCN2-p.Val89Ile may decrease solubility and results in a low lipocalin-2 level in a heterozygotes carrier (female recovered from AN). Lean individuals had lower lipocalin-2 levels compared to patients with obesity (p = 0.033). CONCLUSION Lipocalin-2 levels are positively associated with body mass index (BMI). Single LCN2-variants might have a profound effect on lipocalin-2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Yiran Zheng,
| | - Luisa Sophie Rajcsanyi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manuela Kowalczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry – Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johanna Giuranna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina de Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine II, General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, TU-Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre of Excellence for Eating Disorders, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Burghardt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Oberberg Fachklinik Fasanenkiez, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Saad Al-Lahham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Fuhrer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry – Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry – Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Triinu Peters
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Alharbi AS, Alsulami S. Interplay Between Sociodemographic Variables, Physical Activity, Sleep, Dietary Habits, and Immune Health Status: A Cross-Sectional Study From Saudi Arabia's Western Province. Cureus 2023; 15:e33211. [PMID: 36733572 PMCID: PMC9887924 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to developing effective therapeutic approaches, the maintenance of health also constitutes lifestyle and behavioral aspects related to being more resilient in the event of future illness. Reduced immune health has been linked to reports of more frequent and severe infections as well as a variety of non-communicable diseases, both of which may eventually place a significant burden on the healthcare system. Several lifestyles and behaviors can influence immune health, both positively and negatively. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the immune health status and investigate its relationship with widely practiced lifestyle behaviors that are thought to affect immunological functioning. DESIGN AND METHOD Saudi Arabian citizens and international residents of the Western Province were invited to participate in this cross-sectional web-based survey through an online advertisement. The integrated questionnaire on lifestyle (Arab Teens Lifestyle Study) and immune health status (Immune Status Questionnaire (ISQ)) was completed in November 2022 by 1230 participants. Descriptive analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square, or Fisher's exact test was utilized to investigate the relationships between study variables and immune health status groups. Spearman's or Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to determine correlations between the overall ISQ scores and study variables. RESULTS Of the 925 study participants, 34.7% scored below 6 on the ISQ. Of the respondents, 50% had a body mass index of 25 or higher, and 46.3% reported sleeping less than four hours each night. Of the participants, 62-82% did not engage in any form of physical activity. The associations between the ISQ score and weight (p = 0.006), total sleep time per night (p = 0.001), duration of household activities (p < 0.001), and smoking status (p = 0.001) were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS According to the data presented here, reduced immune health as measured by ISQ < 6 was prevalent among residents of Saudi Arabia's Western Province and correlated significantly with obesity, sleep duration, and smoking status. Various measures to mitigate the negative impact of an unhealthy lifestyle on public health and to reverse the observed poor immune health and their economic consequences are highly required.
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Relationship between obesity-related colorectal tumors and the intestinal microbiome: an animal-based trial. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04477-1. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang X, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Gold EB, Derby C, Greendale G, Wu X, Schwartz J, Park SK. Longitudinal Associations of Air Pollution With Body Size and Composition in Midlife Women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:2577-2584. [PMID: 36084038 PMCID: PMC9679268 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined longitudinal associations of air pollution exposure, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), with weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, lean mass, and proportion fat mass in midlife women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study population included 1,654 White, Black, Chinese, and Japanese women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, with the baseline median age of 49.6 years, followed from 2000 to 2008. Annual air pollution exposures were assigned by linking residential addresses with hybrid estimates of air pollutant concentrations at 1-km2 resolution. Body size was measured, and body composition was measured using DXA at approximately annual visits. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the associations between air pollution and body size and composition measures and whether these associations differed by physical activity. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, an interquartile range increase in PM2.5 concentration (4.5 μg/m3) was associated with 4.53% (95% CI 3.85%, 5.22%) higher fat mass, 1.10% (95% CI 0.95%, 1.25%) higher proportion fat mass, and 0.39% (95% CI -0.77%, -0.01%) lower lean mass. Similar associations were also observed for NO2 and O3. Weaker associations of PM2.5 and NO2 with body composition were observed in participants who engaged in more physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses provide evidence that exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and O3, is adversely associated with body composition, including higher fat mass, higher proportional fat mass, and lower lean mass, highlighting their potential contribution to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Ellen B. Gold
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Carol Derby
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Gail Greendale
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xiangmei Wu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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Wang J, Zeng J, Zhang C, Zheng W, Huang X, Zhao N, Duan G, Yu C. Optimized ventilation strategy for surgery on patients with obesity from the perspective of lung protection: A network meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1032783. [PMID: 36330511 PMCID: PMC9623268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1032783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives New ventilation modes have been proposed to support the perioperative treatment of patients with obesity, but there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal strategy. Therefore, a network meta-analysis update of 13 ventilation strategies was conducted to determine the optimal mode of mechanical ventilation as a protective ventilation strategy decreases pulmonary atelectasis caused by inflammation. Methods The following databases were searched: MEDLINE; Cochrane Library; Embase; CINAHL; Google Scholar; and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials of mechanical ventilation in patients with obesity published up to May 1, 2022. Results Volume-controlled ventilation with individualized positive end-expiratory pressure and a recruitment maneuver (VCV+PEEPind+RM) was found to be the most effective strategy for improving ratio of the arterial O2 partial pressure to the inspiratory O2 concentration (PaO2/FiO2), and superior to pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV), volume-controlled ventilation (VCV), volume-controlled ventilation with recruitment maneuver (VCV+RM), volume-controlled ventilation with low positive end-expiratory pressure (VCV+lowPEEP), volume-controlled ventilation with lower positive expiratory end pressure (PEEP) and recruitment maneuver (VCV+lowPEEP+RM), and the mean difference [MD], the 95% confidence intervals [CIs] and [quality of evidence] were: 162.19 [32.94, 291.45] [very low]; 180.74 [59.22, 302.27] [low]; 171.07 [40.60, 301.54] [very low]; 135.14 [36.10, 234.18] [low]; and 139.21 [27.08, 251.34] [very low]. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value showed VCV+PEEPind+RM was the best strategy for improving PaO2/FiO2 (SUCRA: 0.963). VCV with high positive PEEP and recruitment maneuver (VCV+highPEEP+RM) was more effective in decreasing postoperative pulmonary atelectasis than the VCV+lowPEEP+RM strategy. It was found that volume-controlled ventilation with high positive expiratory end pressure (VCV+highPEEP), risk ratio [RR] [95% CIs] and [quality of evidence], 0.56 [0.38, 0.81] [moderate], 0.56 [0.34, 0.92] [moderate]. SUCRA value ranked VCV+highPEEP+RM the best strategy for improving postoperative pulmonary atelectasis intervention (SUCRA: 0.933). It should be noted that the quality of evidence was in all cases very low or only moderate. Conclusions This research suggests that VCV+PEEPind+RM is the optimal ventilation strategy for patients with obesity and is more effective in increasing PaO2/FiO2, improving lung compliance, and among the five ventilation strategies for postoperative atelectasis, VCV+highPEEP+RM had the greatest potential to reduce atelectasis caused by inflammation. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42021288941.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Stomatology Hospital Affiliated Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Stomatology Hospital Affiliated Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Stomatology Hospital Affiliated Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwen Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Stomatology Hospital Affiliated Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xilu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Stomatology Hospital Affiliated Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Stomatology Hospital Affiliated Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Stomatology Hospital Affiliated Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Bell CN, Robles B, Singleton CR, Thomas Tobin CS, Spears EC, Thorpe RJ. Association between Proximity to Food Sources and Dietary Behaviors in Black and White College Graduates. Am J Health Behav 2022; 46:515-527. [PMID: 36333832 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.46.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unequal access to healthy food environments is often implicated in racial inequities in health and behaviors that are largest among college graduates. The aim of this study was to determine associations between perceived proximity to food sources and dietary behaviors between black and white college graduates. METHODS In a cross-sectional online survey of dietary behaviors between black and white adults who have a ≥ 4-year bachelor's degree, respondents were asked how long it typically takes for them to get to grocery stores and fast-food restaurants from home. We used ordinal logit regression models to assess associations between perceived proximity to food sources and dietary behaviors. RESULTS Among black men, perceiving that a grocery store was ≥ 10 minutes from their home was associated with lower fruit consumption (beta=-0.94, SE=0.48). Perceiving that a grocery store was ≥ 10 minutes from their home was associated with more frequent fast-food consumption among black men (beta=1.21, SE=0.39), Black women (beta=0.98, SE=0.34), and white men (beta=0.74, SE=0.30). CONCLUSIONS The associations between perceived proximity to food sources and dietary behaviors differ by race and sex among college graduates with important implications for racial disparities in diet quality and obesity across SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn N Bell
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Brenda Robles
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chelsea R Singleton
- Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Courtney S Thomas Tobin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Erica C Spears
- Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, and Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Singhal SS, Garg R, Horne D, Singhal S, Awasthi S, Salgia R. RLIP: A necessary transporter protein for translating oxidative stress into pro-obesity and pro-carcinogenic signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188803. [PMID: 36150564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that knockout mice homozygous for deficiency of the mercapturic acid pathway (MAP) transporter protein, RLIP (RLIP-/-), are resistant to chemical carcinogenesis, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We also found that RLIP-/- mice are highly resistant to obesity caused by a high-fat diet (HFD). Interestingly, these studies showed that kinase, cytokine, and adipokine signaling that are characteristics of obesity were blocked despite the presence of increased oxidative stress in RLIP-/- mice. The deficiencies in obesity-inducing kinase, cytokine, and adipokine signaling were attributable to a lack of clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE), a process that is severely deficient in RLIP-/- mice. Because CDE is also necessary for carcinogenic signaling through EGF, WNT, TGFβ and other cancer-specific peptide hormones, and because RLIP-/- mice are cancer-resistant, we reasoned that depletion of RLIP by an antisense approach should cause cancer regression in human cancer xenografts. This prediction has been confirmed in studies of xenografts from lung, kidney, prostate, breast, and pancreatic cancers and melanoma. Because these results suggested an essential role for RLIP in carcinogenesis, and because our studies have also revealed a direct interaction between p53 and RLIP, we reasoned that if RLIP played a central role in carcinogenesis, that development of lymphoma in p53-/- mice, which normally occurs by the time these mice are 6 months old, could be delayed or prevented by depleting RLIP. Recent studies described herein have confirmed this hypothesis, showing complete suppression of lymphomagenesis in p53-/- mice treated with anti-RLIP antisense until the age of 8 months. All control mice developed lymphoma in the thymus or testis as expected. These findings lead to a novel paradigm predicting that under conditions of increased oxidative stress, the consequent increased flux of metabolites in the MAP causes a proportional increase in the rate of CDE. Because CDE inhibits insulin and TNF signaling but promotes EGF, TGFβ, and Wnt signaling, our model predicts that chronic stress-induced increases in RLIP (and consequently CDE) will induce insulin-resistance and enhance predisposition to cancer. Alternatively, generalized depletion of RLIP would antagonize the growth of malignant cells, and concomitantly exert therapeutic insulin-sensitizing effects. Therefore, this review focuses on how targeted depletion or inhibition of RLIP could provide a novel target for treating both obesity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad S Singhal
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America.
| | - Rachana Garg
- Departments of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - David Horne
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
| | - Sulabh Singhal
- College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Cayman Health, CTMH Doctors Hospital in Cayman Islands, George Town, Cayman Islands
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Departments of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, United States of America
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Chan TT, Tse YK, Lui RNS, Wong GLH, Chim AML, Kong APS, Woo J, Yeung DKW, Abrigo JM, Chu WCW, Wong VWS, Tang RSY. Fatty Pancreas Is Independently Associated With Subsequent Diabetes Mellitus Development: A 10-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 20:2014-2022.e4. [PMID: 34571257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although the association between fatty pancreas and metabolic syndrome has been suggested in retrospective studies, long-term prospective data on the effect of fatty pancreas on various metabolic outcomes are lacking. We aimed to prospectively investigate the association between fatty pancreas and the development of major metabolic outcomes. METHODS A total of 631 subjects from a population study using fat-water magnetic resonance imaging to quantify pancreatic and liver fat content during 2008 to 2010 were followed up prospectively until December 2020 (mean follow-up time, 11.1 ± 1.1 y). Subjects with significant alcohol intake and diabetes mellitus (DM) at baseline were excluded. Incidence of newly diagnosed DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, cardiovascular accidents, pancreatic cancer, and mortality were evaluated. RESULTS Among the 631 subjects (mean age, 48 ± 11 y), 93 (14.7%) had fatty pancreas. The fatty pancreas group had a higher incidence of DM (33.3% vs 10.4%; P < .001), hypertension (37.7% vs 22.7%; P = .003), and dyslipidemia (37.7% vs 14.6%; P < .001) during long-term follow-up evaluation. Individuals with both fatty liver and pancreas had the highest DM incidence, followed by fatty liver only and fatty pancreas only groups (P < .001). Fatty pancreas was associated independently with DM (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.10-3.00; P = .020), but not hypertension or dyslipidemia on multivariate analysis. Each percentage increase of pancreatic fat increased the risk of incident DM by 7% (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13; P = .016). No participants developed pancreatic cancer during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Fatty pancreas is associated independently with subsequent DM development, but not hypertension or dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ting Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yee Kit Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Medical Data Analytic Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Rashid Nok-Shun Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Grace Lai-Hung Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Medical Data Analytic Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Angel Mei-Ling Chim
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Alice Pik-Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - David Ka-Wai Yeung
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jill M Abrigo
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Winnie Chiu-Wing Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Medical Data Analytic Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Raymond Shing-Yan Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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DNA Hypomethylation as a Potential Link between Excessive Alcohol Intake and Cardiometabolic Dysfunction in Morbidly Obese Adults. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081954. [PMID: 36009501 PMCID: PMC9406007 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A large percentage of obese patients in the United States suffer a comorbid substance use disorder, mainly alcohol use. Alcohol consumption interferes with the absorption of dietary methyl donors such as folate required for the one-carbon metabolism pathway and subsequently for DNA methylation. In this study, we assessed the association between alcohol consumption and DNA methylation in obese subjects. We obtained visceral adipose tissue (VAT) biopsies from bariatric patients. DNA methylation of 94 genes implicated in inflammation and immunity were analyzed in VAT in relation to alcohol consumption data obtained via questionnaires. Vasoreactivity was measured in the brachial artery and the VAT-isolated arterioles. Pro-inflammatory genes were significantly hypomethylated in the heavy drinking category correlating with higher levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines. Alcohol consumption correlated positively with body mass index (BMI), fat percentage, insulin resistance, impaired lipid profile, and systemic inflammation and negatively with plasma folate and vitamin B12, inflammatory gene DNA methylation, and vasoreactivity. In conclusion, these data suggest that alcohol intake is associated with lower DNA methylation and higher inflammation and cardiometabolic risk in obese individuals.
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Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Jian Pi Tiao Gan Yin Reduces Obesity in Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9727889. [PMID: 35979004 PMCID: PMC9377893 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9727889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current study employed the high-fat diet (HFD) induced murine model to assess the relationship between the effect of Jian Pi Tiao Gan Yin (JPTGY) and the alterations of gut microbiota and fecal metabolism. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish an animal model of obesity via HFD induce. Serum biochemical indicators of lipid metabolism were used to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of JPTGY in obese mice. Bacterial communities and metabolites in the feces specimens from the controls, the Group HFD, and the JPTGY-exposed corpulency group were studied by 16s rDNA genetic sequence in combination with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based untargeted fecal metabolomics techniques. Results revealed that JPTGY significantly decreased the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, JPTGY could up-regulate the abundance and diversity of fecal microbiota, which was characterized by the higher phylum of proteobacteria. Consistently, at the genus levels, JPTGY supplementation induced enrichments in Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Oscillibacter, Turicibacter, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Intestinimonas, which were intimately related to 14 pivotal fecal metabolins in respond to JPTGY therapy were determined. What is more, metabolomics further analyses show that the therapeutic effect of JPTGY for obesity involves linoleic acid (LA) metabolism paths, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism paths, glycerophospholipid metabolism paths, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism paths, and pyrimidine metabolism paths, which implied the potential mechanism of JPTGY in treating obesity. It was concluded that the linking of corpulency phenotypes with intestinal flora and fecal metabolins unveils the latent causal link of JPTGY in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity.
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Wang X, Dong J, Liang W, Fang Y, Liang M, Xu L, Sun W, Li X. Porphyran From Porphyra haitanensis Alleviates Obesity by Reducing Lipid Accumulation and Modulating gut Microbiota Homeostasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:942143. [PMID: 35959436 PMCID: PMC9358004 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.942143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyran possesses various activities, while the effects of the porphyran from Porphyra haitanensis (PPH) on obesity are rarely reported. In this study, C57BL/6J male mice were fed with HFD combined with PPH gavage (50 mg/kg/d) for 16 weeks, and body weight was measured once a week. After that, serum, adipose, and liver tissues were collected for physiological and biochemical analyses. Our research indicated that PPH treatment alleviated obesity in HFD-fed mice. PPH alleviated fat accumulation in serum, liver, and adipose tissues. In addition, PPH activated the AMPK-HSL/ACC pathway in epididymal adipose tissue to reduce lipid accumulation. Moreover, PPH turned white adipose into brown and activated the PGC 1α-UCP 1-mitochondrial pathway in scapular adipose tissue to generate more heat. Interestingly, PPH regulated colonic microbiota homeostasis in obese mice, including significant elevation of Roseburia and Eubacterium and marked reduction of Helicobacter. Moreover, Spearman’s correlation analysis demonstrated that regulation of gut microbiota can decrease lipid accumulation. In summary, our study illustrated that PPH possesses the potential to be developed as an anti-obesity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juqin Dong
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meinong Liang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuyang Sun
- School of Petrochemical Engineering and Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
- *Correspondence: Wuyang Sun, ; Xiaoxing Li,
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wuyang Sun, ; Xiaoxing Li,
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Peral Martínez IM, Martínez Pastor A, Gomariz García JJ, Barquilla García A, Martín Sánchez V, Micó Pérez R, Divisón Garrote JA. Diferencias regionales en el grado de control glucémico de la diabetes en España y factores asociados. Estudio IBERICAN. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Grande EM, Raka F, Hoffman S, Adeli K. GLP-2 Regulation of Dietary Fat Absorption and Intestinal Chylomicron Production via Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) Signaling. Diabetes 2022; 71:1388-1399. [PMID: 35476805 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial dyslipidemia is a metabolic condition commonly associated with insulin-resistant states, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. It is characterized by the overproduction of intestinal chylomicron particles and excess atherogenic chylomicron remnants in circulation. We have previously shown that glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) augments dietary fat uptake and chylomicron production in insulin-resistant states; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies have implicated nitric oxide (NO) in the absorptive actions of GLP-2. In this study, we report a novel role for neuronal NO synthase (nNOS)-mediated NO generation in lipid uptake and chylomicron formation based on studies in C57BL/6J mice, nNOS-/- mice, and Syrian golden hamsters after intraduodenal and oral fat administration. GLP-2 treatment in wild-type (WT) mice significantly increased postprandial lipid accumulation and circulating apolipoprotein B48 protein levels, while these effects were abolished in nNOS-/- mice. nNOS inhibition in Syrian golden hamsters and protein kinase G (PKG) inhibition in WT mice also abrogated the effect of GLP-2 on postprandial lipid accumulation. These studies demonstrate a novel mechanism in which nNOS-generated NO is crucial for GLP-2-mediated lipid absorption and chylomicron production in both mouse and hamster models. Overall, our data implicate an nNOS-PKG-mediated pathway in GLP-2-mediated stimulation of dietary fat absorption and intestinal chylomicron production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Grande
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fitore Raka
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Hoffman
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang X, Wang D, Sun T, Li W, Dang C. Advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) predicts prognosis of patients with gastric cancer after surgical resection. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:684. [PMID: 35729545 PMCID: PMC9215041 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) has been implicated in the prognosis of many types of tumors. But few studies elucidate its role in gastric cancer (GC). Materials and methods We consecutively recruited 615 GC patients who underwent radical gastrectomy. Patients were grouped according to ALI status. Risk factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in overall and sex-stratified cohorts were determined using multivariate cox regression analysis. We also compared survival differences between the two groups after one-to-one propensity score matching (PSM). Results Patients with low ALI showed larger tumor size, more advanced TNM staging, shorter OS (median: 37 vs 42 months) and DFS (median: 37 vs 42 months) (all P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that elevated ALI was independently associated with longer OS and DFS. After stratification by sex, low ALI was an independent risk factor for OS and DFS in male patients but not in female patients. But our further PSM analysis showed prognostic value of ALI in both male and female subgroups. Conclusion Preoperative ALI is an independent prognostic factor for GC patients undergoing curative gastrectomy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09774-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Danfang Wang
- Department of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tuanhe Sun
- Department of Oncology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Department of Oncology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Chengxue Dang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China.
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Huazano-García A, Gastelum-Arellanez A, Vázquez-Martínez J, López MG. Effects of agavins in high fat-high sucrose diet-fed mice: an exploratory study. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2082536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Huazano-García
- Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Argel Gastelum-Arellanez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas A.C. (CIATEC AC), León Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Juan Vázquez-Martínez
- Superior Institute of Technology of Irapuato (ITESI), TecNM, Irapuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Mercedes G. López
- de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad IrapuatoCentro de Investigación y, Irapuato Guanajuato, Mexico
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PTBP2 - a gene with relevance for both Anorexia nervosa and body weight regulation. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:241. [PMID: 35680849 PMCID: PMC9184595 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors are relevant for both eating disorders and body weight regulation. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) for anorexia nervosa (AN) detected eight genome-wide significant chromosomal loci. One of these loci, rs10747478, was also genome-wide and significantly associated with body mass index (BMI). The nearest coding gene is the Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 2 gene (PTBP2). To detect mutations in PTBP2, Sanger sequencing of the coding region was performed in 192 female patients with AN (acute or recovered) and 191 children or adolescents with (extreme) obesity. Twenty-five variants were identified. Twenty-three of these were predicted to be pathogenic or functionally relevant in at least one in silico tool. Two novel synonymous variants (p.Ala77Ala and p.Asp195Asp), one intronic SNP (rs188987764), and the intronic deletion (rs561340981) located in the highly conserved region of PTBP2 may have functional consequences. Ten of 20 genes interacting with PTBP2 were studied for their impact on body weight regulation based on either previous functional studies or GWAS hits for body weight or BMI. In a GWAS for BMI (Pulit et al. 2018), the number of genome-wide significant associations at the PTBP2 locus was different between males (60 variants) and females (two variants, one of these also significant in males). More than 65% of these 61 variants showed differences in the effect size pertaining to BMI between sexes (absolute value of Z-score >2, two-sided p < 0.05). One LD block overlapping 5'UTR and all coding regions of PTBP2 comprises 56 significant variants in males. The analysis based on sex-stratified BMI GWAS summary statistics implies that PTBP2 may have a more pronounced effect on body weight regulation in males than in females.
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Wittels P, Kay T, Mansfield L. Adopting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle in low SES families: How the experience of motherhood shapes responses to dietary and physical activity public health guidance. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1092. [PMID: 35650565 PMCID: PMC9157027 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health guidance and associated interventions seek to bring about change in diet and physical activity behaviours to improve life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in the population. Low socioeconomic status (SES) groups suffer from reduced life/healthy life expectancy compared with the population as a whole. This in-depth qualitative study, investigates the lives and experiences of mothers with young children living in a low SES area in a London (UK) borough, to understand the context in which current public health guidance on diet and physical activity is received and viewed, and how this understanding could be used to inform the development of public health guidance and interventions for this group. METHODS The mothers (n = 20), were recruited from a Surestart Centre, Children's Centres and through the local branch of a national charity. The mothers took part in a series of three in depth interviews over two years (2016-2017). Thematic analysis was used to generate an iterative set of codes informing an understanding of motherhood, diet and physical activity. RESULTS Motherhood was found to be a major factor for understanding and interpreting how women in low SES areas respond to public health guidance on diet and physical activity. The mothers were well informed about dietary guidance, considered that provision of healthy food was critical to the mothering role, but found it difficult to implement the guidance in their own lives. In contrast, physical activity was not seen as integral to the mothering role, although it was acknowledged that it played a part in ensuring that the mothers remained healthy enough to fulfil all their duties. Constrained by the ethic of care, and a lack of material and time resources, the mothers prioritised their family's health above their own. This study, enabled the mothers to articulate ideas for interventions that would be supportive of a healthy lifestyle and of practical application in their busy lives. CONCLUSIONS Mothers from this low SES area responded differently to the public health guidance on diet and on physical activity. Whilst providing and modelling a healthy diet was seen as an essential part of the mother's role, participating in leisure based physical activity was problematic, and unless carefully framed, could be perceived as selfish behaviour, inappropriate for the "good" mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wittels
- Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - T Kay
- Independent Researcher, Loughborough, UK
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Yeo JH, Kim MT. Association of weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption with age at natural menopause. J Women Aging 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35312401 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2022.2050157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In South Korea, rapid economic growth and modernization have led to changes in lifestyle factors that may affect age at natural menopause. Data from 4,793 women aged ≥55 years, who had a natural menopause, were analyzed from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2017). Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between lifestyle factors and age at natural menopause after adjusting for birth cohort (Model 1) and sociodemographic and reproductive factors (Model 2). Overall, 3.1% of women experienced premature menopause (<40 years), 7.6% early menopause (40-44 years), and 12.8% late menopause (≥55 years). Women born in the 1940s or earlier among the birth cohorts had the highest prevalence of premature (70.0%), early (58.5%), and late (43.1%) menopause. In Model 2, current smoking (odds ratio = 3.99 and 95% confidence interval = 1.35-11.81) was associated with premature menopause. Low (<18.5 kg/m2) and high (≥25 kg/m2) body mass index were associated with early (odds ratio = 2.30 and 95% confidence interval = 1.01-5.22) and late (odds ratio = 1.38 and 95% confidence interval = 1.10-1.72) menopause respectively. Conversely, there was no association between age at natural menopause and alcohol consumption. The results suggest that healthy lifestyle factors, such as not smoking and proper weight maintenance, are significant factors affecting age at natural menopause. Our findings may help develop health policies and provide targeted care to improve women's health after midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hee Yeo
- College of Nursing, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Miyong T Kim
- School of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Probiotic Strains Isolated from an Olympic Woman’s Weightlifting Gold Medalist Increase Weight Loss and Exercise Performance in a Mouse Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061270. [PMID: 35334927 PMCID: PMC8950690 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide health problem. Calorie-restricted diets constitute a common intervention for treating obesity. However, an improper calorie-restricted diet can lead to malnutrition, fatigue, poor concretion, muscle loss, and reduced exercise performance. Probiotics have been introduced as an alternative treatment for obesity. In the present study, we tested the weight loss and exercise performance enhancement effectiveness of probiotic strains of different origins, including four isolated from an Olympic weightlifting gold medalist (Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum OLP-01, Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02, Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius SA-03, and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LY-66). A high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce obesity in 16 groups of mice (n = 8/group). The mice were administered probiotic supplements at a dosage of 4.1 × 109 CFU/kg/day for 10 weeks. All probiotic supplementation groups showed a significant reduction in body weight and fat mass compared with the HFD group. TYCA06, CS-773, BLI-02, PL-02, bv-77, and OLP-01 were the most effective in facilitating weight loss and fat reduction, which may be due to fatty-acid absorbing activity. PL-02, LY-66, TYCA06, CS-773, and OLP-01 elevated the animals’ grip strength and exhaustive running duration. PL-02, LY-66, and OLP-01 increased tissue glycogen (liver and muscle) levels and muscle capillary density and reduced blood lactate production levels after exercise. In conclusion, OLP-01, PL-02, LY-66, TYCA06, and CS-773 were highly effective in enhancing weight loss and exercise performance. This study should be repeated on humans in the future to further confirm the findings.
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50
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Hunot-Alexander C, Arellano-Gómez LP, Smith AD, Kaufer-Horwitz M, Vásquez-Garibay EM, Romero-Velarde E, Fildes A, Croker H, Llewellyn CH, Beeken RJ. Examining the validity and consistency of the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire-Español (AEBQ-Esp) and its relationship to BMI in a Mexican population. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:651-663. [PMID: 33966254 PMCID: PMC8933343 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Appetitive traits in adults and their associations with weight can be measured using the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ). The aim of this study was to confirm the factor structure of the Spanish AEBQ (AEBQ-Esp) in a Mexican sample and explore associations between the eight traits with body mass index (BMI). METHOD A sample of 1023 adults, mean age of 36.8 ± 12.8 years, was recruited from Guadalajara, Mexico. Researchers weighed and measured participants, and they completed the AEBQ-Esp either online or in paper format and reported sociodemographic data. To test two alternative factor structures (eight factors including Hunger; seven factors excluding Hunger), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used. Internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha; test-retest reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients. Multivariate linear regressions were used to test for associations between the AEBQ subscales and BMI, adjusted for age, sex, format of AEBQ responses, education, marital and employment status. RESULTS A seven-factor structure was the best model fit using CFA, excluding the Hunger subscale but similar to the original AEBQ. Internal reliability was good for all subscales (Cronbach's α = 0.70-0.86), and the intra-class correlation coefficient (0.70-0.91) reflected good test-retest reliability. In the fully adjusted models, Satiety Responsiveness [β = - 0.61; (- 1.01, - 0.21)] and Slowness in Eating [β = - 0.70; (- 1.01, - 0.39)] were negatively associated with BMI, and Emotional Over-Eating [β = 0.94; (0.62, 1.27)] was positively associated with BMI. CONCLUSIONS The AEBQ-Esp (excluding Hunger) appears to be a valid and reliable psychometric questionnaire for measuring appetitive traits in a Mexican Spanish-speaking population. Some traits appear to be associated with BMI in adulthood and warrant further exploration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies. Although this was just an observational study, it was well designed and provided new evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hunot-Alexander
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Edificio anexo al Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", 3ª piso ala norte. Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta No. 750, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Laura Patricia Arellano-Gómez
- Licenciatura en Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Departamento de Psicología, Educación y Salud (DPES), Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Occidente (ITESO), Periférico Sur Manuel Gómez Morín #8585, C.P. 45604, Tlaquepaque, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Andrea D Smith
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Martha Kaufer-Horwitz
- Clínica de Obesidad y Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria, Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Avenida Vasco de Quiroga No.15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, C.P.14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edgar M Vásquez-Garibay
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Edificio anexo al Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", 3ª piso ala norte. Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta No. 750, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Enrique Romero-Velarde
- Instituto de Nutrición Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Edificio anexo al Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", 3ª piso ala norte. Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta No. 750, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alison Fildes
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Helen Croker
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Clare H Llewellyn
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rebecca J Beeken
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK.
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