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Cao F, Fan T, Jiang X, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhu L, Xiong Y, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Pan Y, Li Y, Jiang C, Xia J, Yan X, Li J, Liu X, Zhu C, Huang R, Wu C. Effects of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate on serum lipid profiles in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Virol J 2024; 21:234. [PMID: 39342240 PMCID: PMC11439221 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns have been raised regarding changes in lipid profiles among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) treatment. We aimed to evaluate the effect of TAF treatment on the lipid profiles of patients with CHB. METHODS A total of 430 patients with CHB from three hospitals were retrospectively included, including 158 patients treated with TAF and 272 patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). RESULTS In this multicenter cohort, the cumulative incidence of dyslipidemia was notably higher in the TAF group than in the TDF group (P < 0.001). After TAF treatment, a significant elevation was observed in triglyceride (TG) levels (from 0.83 mmol/L to 1.02 mmol/L, P < 0.001) and total cholesterol (TC) levels (from 4.16 mmol/L to 4.32 mmol/L, P < 0.001). Similar changes in TG and TC levels were observed in the TAF group after propensity score matching (PSM). The TG levels (from 0.83 mmol/L to 1.04 mmol/L, P < 0.001) and TC levels (from 4.16 mmol/L to 4.38 mmol/L, P < 0.001) were both increased significantly compared to the baseline levels in the PSM cohort of patients treated with TAF. TAF treatment was independently associated with elevated TG levels (HR = 2.800, 95% CI: 1.334-5.876, P = 0.006) and TC levels (HR = 9.045, 95% CI: 3.836-21.328, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Compared with TDF treatment, TAF treatment was associated with dyslipidemia in patients with CHB. Close monitoring of lipid profiles is needed in patients with CHB who received TAF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an No. 4 People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Shaoqiu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Yifan Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingxiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an No. 4 People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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McSteen BW, Ying XH, Lucero C, Jesudian AB. Viral etiologies of acute liver failure. World J Virol 2024; 13:97973. [PMID: 39323454 PMCID: PMC11401000 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i3.97973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare cause of liver-related mortality worldwide, with an estimated annual global incidence of more than one million cases. While drug-induced liver injury, including acetaminophen toxicity, is the leading cause of ALF in the Western world, viral infections remain a significant cause of ALF and the most common cause in many developing nations. Given the high mortality rates associated with ALF, healthcare providers should be aware of the broad range of viral infections that have been implicated to enable early diagnosis, rapid treatment initiation when possible, and optimal management, which may include liver transplantation. This review aims to provide a summary of viral causes of ALF, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and expected outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W McSteen
- Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Campus, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Xiao-Han Ying
- Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Campus, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Catherine Lucero
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Arun B Jesudian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, United States
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Lin CY, Sun WC, Lu CM, Chen WC, Tsay FW, Tsai TJ, Kuo FY, Tsai WL. Entecavir vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients with severe acute exacerbation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 36:1113-1118. [PMID: 38973530 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of different nucleos(t)ide analogs in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) with severe acute exacerbation (SAE) remained unclear. Thus, this study aimed to compare the short-term efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) in patients having CHB with SAE. METHODS We analyzed consecutive patients with treatment-naive CHB receiving TDF (n = 36) or ETV (n = 65) for SAE. The primary endpoint was overall mortality or receipt of liver transplantation (LT) by 24 weeks. The secondary endpoints are the comparison of ETV vs. TDF influences on renal function and virological and biochemical responses at 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks. RESULTS The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. By 24 weeks, 8 (22%) patients in the TDF group and 10 (15%) patients in the ETV group had either died (n = 15) or received LT (n = 3) ( P = 0.367). Cox-regression multivariate analysis revealed age ( P = 0.003), baseline international normalized ratio of prothrombin time ( P = 0.024), and early presence of hepatic encephalopathy ( P = 0.003) as independent factors associated with mortality or LT. The two groups of patients achieved comparable biochemical and virological responses at 48 weeks. No significant difference was found in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between the TDF and the ETV groups. However, a significant reduction in the eGFR at 48 weeks, as compared with the baseline, was found in each group. CONCLUSION TDF and ETV achieved similar short-term clinical outcomes and treatment responses in CHB patients with SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
| | - Wei-Chih Sun
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Chia-Ming Lu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Feng-Woei Tsay
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Tzun-Jiun Tsai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Feng-Yu Kuo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
| | - Wei-Lun Tsai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Hu X, Yang Y, Feng G, Zhou X, Tang M, Yan H, Li M, Liu A, Zhu Y. Hepatitis B virus in oocytes and embryos: pregnancy outcomes and children's health. F S Rep 2024; 5:272-278. [PMID: 39381649 PMCID: PMC11456660 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in oocytes and embryos affects pregnancy outcomes for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (ET) as well as is related to the vertical transmission of HBV to children. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting A university-affiliated fertility center. Patients This study included 167 couples with at least 1 hepatitis B surface antigen-seropositive partner. These couples underwent in vitro fertilization-ET, and the discarded oocytes and embryos had been tested for HBV. Couples with HBV-positive oocytes or embryos were categorized as the positive group, whereas those couples with HBV-negative oocytes and embryos served as the negative group. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Pregnancy outcomes and the rate of children's HBV infection. Results The pregnancy outcomes of fresh and frozen ETs were not associated with the presence of HBV in the oocytes and embryos. Of the 106 infants born, 1 child whose mother tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen but had negative oocytes and embryos was infected with HBV. Additionally, 26.09% of children who had been administered passive immunization and active vaccinations did not reach protective levels of anti-HBV antibodies (hepatitis B surface antibodies) and became nonresponders. The negative rate of children's hepatitis B surface antibody was associated with the presence of HBV in oocytes and embryos (odds ratio, 3.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-9.25). Conclusions The presence of HBV in oocytes and embryos did not affect pregnancy outcomes or result in the vertical transmission of HBV to the offspring of HBV carriers. Follow-up is needed for HBV-vaccinated children with an HBV-infected parent. Booster vaccinations are necessary for continued protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhi Yang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofang Feng
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyue Tang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanmiao Yan
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixia Liu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Yin S, Wu S, Huang J, Ren S, Xie W, Peng X. Spatial-temporal analysis of hepatitis B in Fujian Province, China in 2012-2021. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2024; 3:100110. [PMID: 38974348 PMCID: PMC11225665 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2024.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Fujian Province has one of the highest reported incidences of hepatitis B virus infection in China. This study aimed to provide a theoretical framework for preventing and controlling hepatitis B in Fujian Province, and to assess the trends and the spatial-temporal distribution patterns of hepatitis B in this region. Methods Data on hepatitis B cases were extracted from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System. Spatial autocorrelation analysis, trend surface analysis, and spatial-temporal scanning statistics were used to identify the spatial and aggregation patterns at the county level. The Joinpoint was used to assess the reported incidence trends. Results The average reported incidence of hepatitis B in Fujian from 2012 to 2021 was 14.46/10,000 population, with 583,262 notified cases. The age-adjusted reported incidence of hepatitis B decreased from 17.44/10,000 population in 2012 to 11.88/10,000 population in 2021, with an average reduction in the annual percentage change of 4.5%. There were obvious spatial-temporal aggregation characteristics in hepatitis B cases, and a high-incidence area was located in eastern Fujian. Spatio-temporal scanning statistics revealed four levels of aggregation of hepatitis B reporting rates. The first level of aggregation area included Minhou, Gulou, Jin'an, Taijiang, and nine other districts and counties. Conclusion The incidence of hepatitis B is declining in Fujian Province. Spatial clusters of hepatitis B cases in Fujian Province were identified, and high-risk areas in eastern Fujian still exist. Closely monitoring the general patterns in the occurrence of hepatitis B and implementing focused control and preventative strategies are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shenggen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jingru Huang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shutong Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Weijiang Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xian'e Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer (Fujian Medical University), Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Li Z, Zhu R, Dong J, Gao Y, Yan J. Short-Term Efficacy of Tenofovir Alafenamide in Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure: A Single Center Experience. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2024; 17:2632010X241265858. [PMID: 39139860 PMCID: PMC11320404 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x241265858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Background Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) who take entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) experience a reduction in hepatic events and mortality. The effectiveness of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) was not well investigated. This study was aim to compare the antiviral efficacy and mortality between TAF and ETV in patients with ACLF caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods One hundred and six patients with HBV-ACLF who received TAF (25 mg/day) and ETV (0.5 mg/day) for 12 weeks were analyzed. The primary endpoints were overall mortality and liver transplantation (LT) at week 12. Biochemical responses, virologic responses, mortality, drug safety, and side effects were evaluated. Results At 4 and 12 weeks of TAF treatment, patients showed significantly higher HBV-DNA reduction (P < .001), higher HBV-DNA undetectability rates (P < .001), and lower HBV DNA levels (P < .001) in serum. Lower Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores (P = .003) were observed at 4 weeks in the TAF group, although the CTP scores showed no difference between TAF group and ETV group at 12 weeks (P = 1.143). Lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of patients in the TAF group at week 4 and 12 were observed (P = .023 and P < .0001, separately). The mortality of TAF group was lower after 4 weeks of treatment (P = .038); however, the 2 groups had similar mortality rates at week 8 and 12. Among the causes of death in HBV-ACLF patients, we found the same incidence of liver-related problems in both groups (P > .05). Conclusions This study showed that ACLF patients with chronic HBV infection treated with TAF had a rapid decline in HBV DNA, a higher rate of ALT reduction and improved CTP scores compared to the ETV group, thereby improving patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Li
- Zhiqin Li, Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China.
| | | | | | - Yinghui Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jingya Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Kayesh MEH, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Effects of neddylation on viral infection: an overview. Arch Virol 2023; 169:6. [PMID: 38081982 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Neddylation is a post-translational modification that plays an important role not only in cancer development but also in regulating viral infection and replication. Upregulation of neddylation occurs in viral infections, and inhibition of neddylation can suppress viral replication. Neddylation is thought to enhance viral protein stability and replication. Neddylation has been reported to enhance the stability of the regulatory hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein, modulate viral replication, and enhance hepatocarcinogenesis. Inhibition of neddylation using the NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 inhibitor MLN4924 inhibits viral replication, including that of HBV. Understanding of the role of neddylation in viral infections is critical for developing new therapeutic targets and potential treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the understanding of the effects of neddylation during viral infection, particularly in HBV infection, and strategies for curing viral infection by targeting the neddylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, 8210, Bangladesh.
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
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Aliasi-Sinai L, Worthington T, Lange M, Kushner T. Maternal-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis Delta Virus. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:917-935. [PMID: 37778777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) can lead to the risk of progressive liver disease in infants, but fortunately effective interventions exist to decrease transmission. Counseling on the risk of maternal-to-child transmission, care pathways to decrease transmission, and the implications of HBV and HDV on pregnancy outcomes are the key components of caring for pregnant people living with HBV and HDV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Worthington
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Marcia Lange
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Tatyana Kushner
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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Watanabe R, Hashimoto M, Morinobu A. Correspondence on 'The use of tocilizumab and tofacitinib in patients with resolved hepatitis B infection: a case series'. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:e212. [PMID: 33144301 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Chen S, Dai X, Zhao Y, Li J, Zou X, Huang H. Clinical Distribution Characteristics and Identification for Significant Liver Inflammation of Patients in Chronic Hepatitis B with Indeterminate Phase. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2023; 2023:7264601. [PMID: 37469711 PMCID: PMC10353904 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7264601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim In clinical practice, a considerable proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who do not conform to any immune status are considered to be in the "indeterminate phase". In this study, we aim to study the clinical distribution characteristics and identification of significant liver inflammation in patients in indeterminate phase. Methods This study retrospectively analyze clinical data of 1226 patients with CHB at two medical centers in Zhejiang province. According to American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) 2018 hepatitis B guidance, CHB can be divided into four phases: immune-tolerant phase, HBeAg-positive immune active phase, inactive phase, and HBeAg-negative immune active phase. Liver inflammation grade was evaluated using the Scheuer scoring system, and significant liver inflammation was defined as G ≥ 2. Results The distribution of different immune status was as follows: 259 (21.1%) patients in immune-tolerant phase, 365 (29.8%) patients in HBeAg-positive immune active phase, 128 (10.4%) patients in inactive phase, and 33 (2.7%) patients in HBeAg-negative immune active phase. However, 441 (36.0%) patients did not meet any of the above immune phases, which were defined as indeterminate phase. Significant liver inflammation (54.1%) was common in CHB patients with indeterminate phase. Prothrombin time (PT), platelet count (PLT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA were associated with significant inflammation. Conclusions The results of this study showed that about 36.0% of patients were divided into indeterminate phase. The proportion of patients with significant inflammation in indeterminate phase and liver inflammation becomes more severe with aggravation of fibrosis stage. PT, PLT, ALT, and HBV-DNA may have a significant correlation with severe inflammation and prognosis of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xuan Dai
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yueyue Zhao
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xuehan Zou
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310014, China
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11
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Kayesh MEH, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Toll-like Receptor Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 or Co-Infection with Hepatitis B or C Virus: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119624. [PMID: 37298575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that play important roles in the early detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and shaping innate and adaptive immune responses, which may influence the consequences of infection. Similarly to other viral infections, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) also modulates the host TLR response; therefore, a proper understanding of the response induced by human HIV-1 or co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), due to the common mode of transmission of these viruses, is essential for understanding HIV-1 pathogenesis during mono- or co-infection with HBV or HCV, as well as for HIV-1 cure strategies. In this review, we discuss the host TLR response during HIV-1 infection and the innate immune evasion mechanisms adopted by HIV-1 for infection establishment. We also examine changes in the host TLR response during HIV-1 co-infection with HBV or HCV; however, this type of study is extremely scarce. Moreover, we discuss studies investigating TLR agonists as latency-reverting agents and immune stimulators towards new strategies for curing HIV. This understanding will help develop a new strategy for curing HIV-1 mono-infection or co-infection with HBV or HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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12
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Kumamoto H, Higashi-Kuwata N, Hayashi S, Das D, Bulut H, Tokuda R, Imoto S, Onitsuka K, Honda Y, Odanaka Y, Shimbara-Matsubayashi S, Haraguchi K, Tanaka Y, Mitsuya H. Synthesis of novel entecavir analogues having 4'-cyano-6''-fluoromethylenecyclopentene skeletons as an aglycone moiety as highly potent and long-acting anti-hepatitis B virus agent. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15999-16011. [PMID: 37265996 PMCID: PMC10230191 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01750h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Encouraged by our recent findings that 4'-cyano-deoxyguanosine (2), entecavir analogues 4 and 5 are highly potent anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) agents, we designed and synthesized 6 having a hybridized structure of 4 and 5. The chiral quaternary carbon portion at the 4'-position, which is substituted by cyano- and 5'-hydroxymethyl groups, was stereospecifically constructed by radical-mediated 5-exo-dig mode cyclization of 10. The introduction of the fluorine atom into the 6''-position was achieved by radical-mediated stannylation of sulfide (E)-11 and subsequent electrophilic fluorination of (E)-12. The desired (E)-6 was obtained after the introduction of the guanine base into (E)-18 under Mitsunobu conditions and following global deprotection. The stereoisomer (Z)-6 was also prepared by the same procedure using (Z)-12. Compound (E)-6 showed highly potent anti-HBV activity (EC50 = 1.2 nM) with favorable cytotoxicity (CC50 = 93 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kumamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University Saitama Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute Tokyo Japan
| | - Sanae Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Ryoh Tokuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Shuhei Imoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kengo Onitsuka
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuka Honda
- School of Pharmacy, Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuki Odanaka
- School of Pharmacy, Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Haraguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University Saitama Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute Tokyo Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital Kumamoto Japan
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13
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di Filippo Villa D, Navas MC. Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus-An Update. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1140. [PMID: 37317114 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in the world. Approximately 296 million people are chronically infected. In endemic areas, vertical transmission is a common route of transmission. There are several strategies for the prevention of HBV vertical transmission, such as antiviral treatment during the third trimester of pregnancy and immunoprophylaxis to newborns that includes the administration of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and an HBV vaccine. Despite this, immunoprophylaxis failure can occur in up to 30% of infants born to HBeAg-positive mothers and/or with high viral load. Therefore, management and prevention of HBV vertical transmission is of paramount significance. In this article, we provided a review of the epidemiology, mechanisms of pathogenesis and risk factors of vertical transmission, as well as the strategies implemented to prevent the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana di Filippo Villa
- Gastrohepatology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Maria-Cristina Navas
- Gastrohepatology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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14
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Wu Z(E, Xu D, Hu PJH, Huang TS. A hierarchical multilabel graph attention network method to predict the deterioration paths of chronic hepatitis B patients. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:846-858. [PMID: 36794643 PMCID: PMC10114116 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estimating the deterioration paths of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is critical for physicians' decisions and patient management. A novel, hierarchical multilabel graph attention-based method aims to predict patient deterioration paths more effectively. Applied to a CHB patient data set, it offers strong predictive utilities and clinical value. MATERIALS AND METHODS The proposed method incorporates patients' responses to medications, diagnosis event sequences, and outcome dependencies to estimate deterioration paths. From the electronic health records maintained by a major healthcare organization in Taiwan, we collect clinical data about 177 959 patients diagnosed with hepatitis B virus infection. We use this sample to evaluate the proposed method's predictive efficacy relative to 9 existing methods, as measured by precision, recall, F-measure, and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS We use 20% of the sample as holdouts to test each method's prediction performance. The results indicate that our method consistently and significantly outperforms all benchmark methods. It attains the highest AUC, with a 4.8% improvement over the best-performing benchmark, as well as 20.9% and 11.4% improvements in precision and F-measures, respectively. The comparative results demonstrate that our method is more effective for predicting CHB patients' deterioration paths than existing predictive methods. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The proposed method underscores the value of patient-medication interactions, temporal sequential patterns of distinct diagnosis, and patient outcome dependencies for capturing dynamics that underpin patient deterioration over time. Its efficacious estimates grant physicians a more holistic view of patient progressions and can enhance their clinical decision-making and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian (Eric) Wu
- Department of Operations and Information Systems, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Information Systems, College of Business, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Paul Jen-Hwa Hu
- Department of Operations and Information Systems, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ting-Shuo Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
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15
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Moharana M, Pattanayak SK, Khan F. Molecular recognition of bio-active triterpenoids from Swertia chirayita towards hepatitis Delta antigen: a mechanism through docking, dynamics simulation, Gibbs free energy landscape. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:14651-14664. [PMID: 36856037 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2184173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants the underpinning of indigenous herbal serve, are the possible source of key compounds for the development of new drugs. Hepatitis D, one of the most widespread infectious diseases associated with global public health issues. Therefore, we aim to screen natural compounds to find out potent inhibitor towards hepatitis delta antigen. Through ADMET investigation, we have screened twenty phytochemicals for this study. Additionally, using molecular docking, these phytochemicals were docked with the HDV protease which signifies the phytochemicals beta-amyrin, chiratenol, episwertenol and swertanone have a significant capability to bind with hepatitis D virus protein. The docking study was further accompanied by analyzes RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, Hbond number, and principal component analysis through 100 ns MD simulations. Based on our principal component analysis, beta-amyrin, chiratenol, episwertenol and swertanone phytochemicals can be a potential drug candidates for inhibition of hepatitis D. The above observation is also supported by our Gibbs free energy landscape study. The potential therapeutic characteristics of the phytochemicals against hepatitis D inhibition offer additional support for the in vitro and in vivo studies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheswata Moharana
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
| | | | - Fahmida Khan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India
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16
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Keikha M, Kamali H, Ghazvini K, Karbalaei M. Antimicrobial peptides: natural or synthetic defense peptides against HBV and HCV infections. Virusdisease 2022; 33:445-455. [PMID: 36447811 PMCID: PMC9701303 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the literature, treatment of HCV and HBV infections faces challenges due to problems such as the emergence of drug-resistant mutants, the high cost of treatment, and the side effects of current antiviral therapy. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a group of small peptides, are a part of the immune system and are considered as an alternative treatment for microbial infections. These peptides are water-soluble with amphiphilic (hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces) characteristics. AMPs are produced by a wide range of organisms including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The antiviral mechanisms of AMPs include inhibiting virus entry, inhibiting intracellular virus replication, inhibiting intracellular viral packaging, and inducing immune responses. In addition, AMPs are a new generation of antiviral biomolecules that have very low toxicity for human host cells, particularly liver cell lines. AMPs can be considered as one of the most important strategies for developing new adjuvant drugs in the treatment of HBV and HCV infections. In the present study, several groups of AMPs (with a net positive charge) such as Human cathelicidin, Claudin-1, Defensins, Hepcidin, Lactoferrin, Casein, Plectasin, Micrococcin P1, Scorpion venom, and Synthetic peptides were reviewed with antiviral properties against HBV and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Keikha
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Kamali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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17
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Dinç E, Özdemir N, Tilkan MG, Rouhani G, Büker E, Hoang VD. Using Both Classical and Chemometric Chromatographic Measurements to Quantify and Monitor the
in‐vitro
Dissolution Profiles of Lamivudine and Zidovudine in Combined Tablets. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Dinç
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy 06560 Yenimahalle/Ankara Turkey
| | - Nurten Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy 06560, Yenimahalle/ Ankara Turkey
| | - M. Günseli Tilkan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy 06560, Yenimahalle/ Ankara Turkey
| | - Ghazal Rouhani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy 06560 Yenimahalle/Ankara Turkey
| | - Eda Büker
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Science Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy Emniyet Taç Sokağı No:3 06330 Ankara
| | - Vu Dang Hoang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology Hanoi University Faculty of Pharmacy, 15 Le Thanh Tong Hoan Kiem District Hanoi City
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18
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Kayesh MEH, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Acute Viral Hepatitis in Bangladesh: An Overview. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2266. [PMID: 36422336 PMCID: PMC9695917 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections by hepatotropic viruses can cause both acute and chronic infections in the liver, resulting in morbidity and mortality in humans. Hepatotropic viruses, including hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV), are the major pathogens that cause acute and chronic infections in humans. Although all of these viruses can cause acute hepatitis in humans, HAV and HEV are the predominant causative agents in Bangladesh, where the occurrence is sporadic throughout the year. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of hepatotropic viruses that are responsible for acute hepatitis in Bangladesh. Additionally, we focus on the transmission modes of these viruses and the control and prevention of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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19
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Establishment and Characterization of an HBV Viral Spread and Infectious System following Long-Term Passage of an HBV Clinical Isolate in the Primary Human Hepatocyte and Fibroblast Coculture System. J Virol 2022; 96:e0084922. [PMID: 36037476 PMCID: PMC9517703 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00849-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The existing cell culture-based methods to study hepatitis B virus (HBV) have limitations and do not allow for viral long-term passage. The aim of this study was to develop a robust in vitro long-term viral passage system with optimized cell culture conditions and a viral isolate with the ability to spread and passage. An HBV genotype A clinical isolate was subjected to multiple rounds of UV treatment and passaged in an optimized primary human hepatocyte (PHH)/human fibroblast coculture system. The passaged UV-treated virus was sequenced and further characterized. In addition, a panel of mutant viruses containing different combinations of mutations observed in this virus was investigated. The clinical isolate was passaged for 20 rounds with 21 days per round in an optimized PHH/human fibroblast coculture system while subject to UV mutagenesis. This passaged UV-mutated isolate harbored four mutations: G225A (sR24K) in the S gene, A2062T in the core gene, and two mutations G1764A and C1766T (xV131I) in the basal core promoter (BCP) region. In vitro characterization of the four mutations suggested that the two BCP mutations G1764A and C1766T contributed to the increased viral replication and viral infectivity. A robust in vitro long-term HBV viral passage system has been established by passaging a UV-treated clinical isolate in an optimized PHH/fibroblast coculture system. The two BCP mutations played a key role in the virus's ability to passage. This passage system can be used for studying the entire life cycle of HBV and has the potential for in vitro drug-resistance selection upon further optimization. IMPORTANCE The existing cell culture-based methods to study HBV have limitations and do not allow for viral long-term passage. In this study, an HBV genotype A clinical isolate was subjected to multiple rounds of UV treatment and passaged in an optimized PHH/human fibroblast coculture system. This passaged UV-mutated isolate carried four mutations across the HBV genome, and in vitro characterization of the four mutations suggested that the two basal core promoter (BCP) mutations G1764A and C1766T played a key role in the virus's ability to passage. In summary, we have developed a robust in vitro long-term HBV viral passage system by passaging an UV-treated HBV genotype A clinical isolate in an optimized PHH/human fibroblast coculture system. This passage system can be used for studying the entire life cycle of HBV and has the potential for in vitro drug-resistance selection upon further optimization.
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20
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Wang Y, Wang S, Tao X, Wang Y, Wu Y, Chen N, Hu C, Wang H, Yu S, Sheng R. The SAR-based development of small molecular HBV capsid assembly modulators. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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21
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Rattananukrom C, Kitiyakara T. Comparison between using hepatocellular carcinoma (
HCC
) risk scores and the
HCC
national guideline to identify high‐risk chronic hepatitis B patients for
HCC
surveillance in Thailand. JGH Open 2022; 6:408-420. [PMID: 35774347 PMCID: PMC9218522 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chitchai Rattananukrom
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Taya Kitiyakara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand
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22
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Zhao XA, Wang J, Wei J, Liu J, Chen G, Wang L, Wang G, Xia J, Wu W, Yin S, Tong X, Yan X, Ding W, Xiang X, Huang R, Wu C. Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase to Platelet Ratio Predicts Liver Injury in Hepatitis B e Antigen-negative Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Normal Alanine Aminotransferase. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:247-253. [PMID: 35528978 PMCID: PMC9039718 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious health problem worldwide. Evaluating liver injury in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with detectable HBV DNA and normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is crucial to guide their clinical management. We aimed to investigate the stages of liver inflammation and fibrosis as well as the predictive accuracy of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio (GPR) in these patients. METHODS A total of 184 treatment-naïve HBeAg-negative CHB patients with detectable HBV DNA and normal ALT were enrolled. The Scheuer scoring system was used to classify liver inflammation and fibrosis. RESULTS The distribution of patients with different liver inflammation grades were as follows: G0, 0 (0%); G1, 97 (52.7%); G2, 68 (37.0%); G3, 12 (6.5%); and G4, 7 (3.8%). The distribution of patients with different liver fibrosis stages were as follows: S0, 22 (12.0%); S1, 72 (39.1%); S2, 42 (22.8%); S3, 19 (10.3%); and S4, 29 (15.8%). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves of GPR in predicting significant inflammation, severe inflammation, and advanced inflammation were 0.723, 0.895, and 0.952, respectively. The accuracy of GPR was significantly superior to that of ALT in predicting liver inflammation. The AUROCs of GPR in predicting significant fibrosis, severe fibrosis, and cirrhosis were 0.691, 0.780, and 0.803, respectively. The predictive accuracy of GPR was significantly higher than that of aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB-4) in identifying advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, and it was superior to FIB-4 but comparable to APRI in identifying significant fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the HBeAg-negative CHB patients with detectable HBV DNA and normal ALT levels had significant liver inflammation or fibrosis. GPR can serve as an accurate predictor of liver inflammation and fibrosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-An Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangmei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guiyang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengxia Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weimao Ding
- Department of Hepatology, Huai’an No. 4 People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Correspondence to: Chao Wu and Rui Huang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1657-010X (CW), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3189-7960 (RH). Tel: +86-25-8310-5890 (CW), +86-25-8310-6666-20201 (RH), Fax: +86-25-8330-7115 (CW), +86-25-8330-7115 (RH), E-mail: (CW), (RH)
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Correspondence to: Chao Wu and Rui Huang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1657-010X (CW), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3189-7960 (RH). Tel: +86-25-8310-5890 (CW), +86-25-8310-6666-20201 (RH), Fax: +86-25-8330-7115 (CW), +86-25-8330-7115 (RH), E-mail: (CW), (RH)
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23
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Breakwell L, Marke D, Kaiser R, Tejada-Strop A, Pauly MD, Jabbi S, Yambasu S, Kabore HJ, Stewart B, Sesay T, Samba TT, Hayden T, Kamili S, Jambai A, Drobeniuc J, Singh T, Tohme RA, Wasley A. Assessing the impact of the routine childhood hepatitis B immunization program and the need for hepatitis B vaccine birth dose in Sierra Leone, 2018. Vaccine 2022; 40:2741-2748. [PMID: 35361502 PMCID: PMC10406334 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sierra Leone is highly endemic for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and thus recommends three doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB3) from 6 weeks of age but does not recommend a birth dose (HepB-BD) to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). We evaluated impact of the existing HepB3 schedule and risk for MTCT of HBV. We conducted a community-based serosurvey among 4-30-month-olds, their mothers, and 5-9-year-olds in three districts in Sierra Leone. Participants had an HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) rapid test; all HBsAg-positive and one HBsAg-negative mother per cluster were tested for HBV markers. We collected children's HepB3 vaccination history. Among 1889 children aged 4-30 months, HepB3 coverage was 85% and 20 (1·3% [95% CI 0·8-2·0]) were HBsAg-positive, of whom 70% had received HepB3. Among 2025 children aged 5-9 years, HepB3 coverage was 77% and 32 (1·6% [1·1-2·3]) were HBsAg-positive, of whom 56% had received HepB3. Of 1776 mothers, 169 (9·8% [8·1-11·7]) were HBsAg-positive. HBsAg prevalence was 5·9% among children of HBsAg-positive mothers compared to 0·7% among children of HBsAg-negative mothers (adjusted OR = 10·6 [2·8-40·8]). HBsAg positivity in children was associated with maternal HBsAg (p = 0·026), HBV e antigen (p < 0·001), and HBV DNA levels ≥ 200 000 IU/mL (p < 0·001). HBsAg prevalence was lower among children than mothers, for whom HepB was not available, suggesting routine infant HepB vaccination has lowered HBV burden. Since HBsAg positivity in children was strongly associated with maternal HBV infection and most of the HBsAg-positive children in the survey received HepB3, HepB-BD may prevent MTCT and chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Breakwell
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Dennis Marke
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Reinhard Kaiser
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Matthew D Pauly
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Hyacinte J Kabore
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, People's Republic of Congo
| | - Brock Stewart
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tom Sesay
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Thomas T Samba
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Tonya Hayden
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Saleem Kamili
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amara Jambai
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Jan Drobeniuc
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tushar Singh
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Rania A Tohme
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Annemarie Wasley
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Tandoh KZ, Quaye O. Genetic associations in chronic hepatitis B infection: toward developing polygenic risk scores. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:541-549. [PMID: 35332782 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection results in multiple clinical phenotypes of varying severity. One of the critical gaps in CHB management is the lack of a genetic-based tool to aid existing hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis risk stratification models for patients with active CHB. Such individual predictive models for CHB are plagued by an inherent limitation of discriminatory power that clearly indicates the need for their improvement. In this article, we highlight genetic association studies in CHB that identified HLA and cytokine genetic susceptibility loci to CHB. We advance the position that translating CHB genetic susceptibility loci into polygenic risk scores will be a welcome addendum to the current arsenal of CHB outcome predictive models. We conclude with comments on hurdles that future research efforts should address within the research enclave of CHB and advocate for increased genetic data representation from sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwesi Z Tandoh
- Department of Biochemistry, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Cell & Molecular Biology, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- Department of Biochemistry, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Cell & Molecular Biology, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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25
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Kim HJ, Kim JH, Yeon JE, Seo YS, Jang JW, Cho YK, Jang BK, Han BH, Lee C, Lee JH, Yoon JH, Kim KM, Kim MY, Kim DY, Park NH, Cho EY, Lee JS, Lee JW, Kim IH, Song BC, Lee BS, Kwon OS. A Multi-Center, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Antiviral Activity and Safety of DA-2802 (Tenofovir Disoproxil Orotate) and Viread (Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate) in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e92. [PMID: 35315603 PMCID: PMC8938614 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF, Viread®) had been used as a standard treatment option of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DA-2802 (tenofovir disoproxil orotate) compared to TDF. METHODS The present study was a double blind randomized controlled trial. Patients with CHB were recruited from 25 hospitals in Korea and given DA-2802 at a dose of 319 mg once daily or Viread® at a dose of 300 mg once daily for 48 weeks from March 2017 to January 2019. Change in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level at week 48 after dosing compared to baseline was the primary efficacy endpoint. Secondary efficacy endpoints were proportions of subjects with undetectable HBV DNA, those with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and those with loss of hepatitis B envelop antigen (HBeAg), those with loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Adverse events (AEs) were also investigated. RESULTS A total of 122 patients (DA-2802 group: n = 61, Viread® group: n = 61) were used as full analysis set for efficacy analysis. Mean age, proportion of males, laboratory results and virologic characteristics were not different between the two groups. The change in HBV DNA level at week 48 from baseline was -5.13 ± 1.40 in the DA-2802 group and -4.97 ± 1.40 log10 copies/mL in the Viread® group. The analysis of primary endpoint using the nonparametric analysis of covariance showed statistically significant results (P < 0.001), which confirmed non-inferiority of DA-2802 to Viread® by a prespecified noninferiority margin of 1. The proportion of undetectable HBV DNA was 78.7% in the DA-2802 group and 75.4% in the Viread® group (P = 0.698). The proportion of subjects who had normal ALT levels was 75.4% in the DA-2802 group and 73.3% in the Viread® group (P = 0.795). The proportion of those with HBeAg loss was 8.1% in the DA-2802 group and 10.8% in the Viread® group (P = 1.000). No subject showed HBsAg loss. The frequency of AEs during treatment was similar between the two groups. Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity. CONCLUSION DA-2802 is considered an effective and safe treatment for patients with CHB. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02967939.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Yeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Seok Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Changhyeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Joon Hyeok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Neung Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Eun Young Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - June Sung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - In Hee Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Byung-Cheol Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Oh Sang Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
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Ushach I, Zhu R, Rosler E, Pandey RK, De Costa NTS, Pourshahian S, Han Q, Li C, Beigelman L, Gryaznov SM, Yun T. Targeting TLR9 agonists to secondary lymphoid organs induces potent immune responses against HBV infection. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:1103-1115. [PMID: 35228903 PMCID: PMC8857595 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the existence of a prophylactic vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV), chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection remains the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer in developing countries. Because HBV persistence is associated with insufficient host immune responses to the infection, development of an immunomodulator as a component of therapeutic vaccination may become an important strategy for treatment CHB. In the present study, we aimed to design a novel immunomodulator with the capacity to subvert immune tolerance to HBV. We developed a lymphoid organ-targeting immunomodulator by conjugating a naturally occurring, lipophilic molecule, α-tocopherol, to a potent CpG oligonucleotide adjuvant pharmacophore. This approach resulted in preferential trafficking of the α-tocopherol-conjugated oligonucleotide to lymphoid organs where it was internalized by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Moreover, we show that conjugation of the oligonucleotides to α-tocopherol results in micelle-like structure formation, which improved cellular internalization and enhanced immunomodulatory properties of the conjugates. In a mouse model of chronic HBV infection, targeting CpG oligonucleotide to lymphoid organs induced strong cellular and humoral immune responses that resulted in sustained control of the virus. Given the potency and tolerability of an α-tocopherol-conjugated CpG oligonucleotide, this modality could potentially be broadly applied for therapeutic vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ushach
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 260 E. Grand Avenue, 169 Harbor Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Corresponding author Irina Ushach, 260 E. Grand Avenue, 169 Harbor Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ren Zhu
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 260 E. Grand Avenue, 169 Harbor Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- China R&D, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, 4560 Jinke Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200010, China
| | - Elen Rosler
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 260 E. Grand Avenue, 169 Harbor Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rajendra K. Pandey
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 260 E. Grand Avenue, 169 Harbor Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - N. Tilani S. De Costa
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 260 E. Grand Avenue, 169 Harbor Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Soheil Pourshahian
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 260 E. Grand Avenue, 169 Harbor Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Qinglin Han
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 260 E. Grand Avenue, 169 Harbor Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- China R&D, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, 4560 Jinke Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200010, China
| | - Chris Li
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 260 E. Grand Avenue, 169 Harbor Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- China R&D, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, 4560 Jinke Road, Pudong, Shanghai 200010, China
| | - Leonid Beigelman
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 260 E. Grand Avenue, 169 Harbor Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sergei M. Gryaznov
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 260 E. Grand Avenue, 169 Harbor Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Theodore Yun
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 260 E. Grand Avenue, 169 Harbor Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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27
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Kim Y, Loucks J, Shah M. Efficacy of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Adults with Chronic Liver Disease. J Pharm Pract 2022:8971900221078742. [PMID: 35202562 DOI: 10.1177/08971900221078742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although HBV vaccine has a 95% seroconversion rate in the general population, patients with chronic liver disease have reduced seroconversion rates (16-79%). The aim of the study was to describe seroconversion rates with HBV vaccines in patients with chronic liver disease. APPROACH & RESULTS Retrospective chart review was performed among 652 patients who received a complete HBV vaccine series in the hepatology clinic. Of those, 126 patients that were included, 111 received a single dose series, and 15 patients received a double dose series. The seroconversion rate was overall low at 35%, and stayed the same at 35% with double dose and at 33% with single dose. Patients who received a single dose series were further analyzed to review risk factors for seroconversion. Overall, 65% of patients had cirrhosis. Patients were more likely to seroconvert if no cirrhosis (51% vs 72%, P=.04), higher aminotransferase levels, intermediate anti-HBs (2.5-11.9 mIU/mL) at baseline (87.5% vs 14%). CONCLUSION Patients with chronic liver disease had a low rate (35%) of response to HBV vaccination. The response rates did not improve in patients that received double dose series. Patients with cirrhosis, lower aminotransferase levels and with a lower baseline anti-HBs had decreased response rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaeji Kim
- 471068Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Loucks
- 461317The University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Meera Shah
- 7548Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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28
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Lin YT, Jeng LB, Su IJ, Teng CF. Approaches for Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S Gene Deletions and Pre-S Deleted Proteins and Their Application in Prediction of Higher Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development and Recurrence. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020428. [PMID: 35216021 PMCID: PMC8877656 DOI: 10.3390/v14020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most common and lethal human cancers worldwide and is closely associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Pre-S deleted proteins are naturally occurring mutant forms of HBV large surface proteins that are expressed by HBV surface genes harboring deletion mutations over the pre-S gene segments. It has been well demonstrated that HBV pre-S deleted proteins function as important oncoproteins, which promote malignant phenotypes of hepatocytes through the activation of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways and result in HCC formation. The oncogenic signaling pathways activated by pre-S deleted proteins have been verified as potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of HCC development. Moreover, the presence of pre-S gene deletions and the expression of pre-S deleted proteins in the blood and liver tissues of HBV-infected patients have been evaluated as valuable biomarkers for predicting a higher risk of HCC development and recurrence after curative surgical resection. Therefore, the precise detection of pre-S gene deletions and pre-S deleted proteins holds great promise as regards identifying the patients at higher risk of HCC development and recurrence, thus aiding in more timely and better treatments to improve their survival. This review summarizes the major approaches used for the detection of pre-S gene deletions and pre-S deleted proteins, including the approaches based on Sanger DNA sequencing, pre-S gene chips, next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry staining, and it highlights their important applications in the prediction of higher risks of HCC development and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Te Lin
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
| | - Chiao-Fang Teng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-2121; Fax: +886-4-2202-9083
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29
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Suzuki K, Suda G, Yamamoto Y, Abiko S, Kinoshita K, Miyamoto S, Sugiura R, Kimura M, Maehara O, Yamada R, Kitagataya T, Shigesawa T, Ohara M, Kawagishi N, Nakai M, Sho T, Natsuizaka M, Morikawa K, Ogawa K, Sakamoto N. Effect of switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide on lipid profiles in patients with hepatitis B. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261760. [PMID: 35051189 PMCID: PMC8775237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For long-term treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, switching from tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir-alafenamide (TAF) may prevent renal dysfunction and bone loss. However, the precise effects of this switch on the blood lipid profile remain to be clarified. This is an important issue as TDF is known to have effects on both low- and high-density lipids. Therefore, our retrospective multi-center study aimed to evaluate the effects of switching from TDF to TAF on the lipid profile of patients with HBV infection. Samples were obtained prior to the switch from TDF to TAF and at 6-12 months after TAF initiation. In some cases, additional samples obtained pre- and post-TDF administration were available for analysis. Serum cholesterol levels, including oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), and the rate of dyslipidemia, according to the NCEP-ATP III lipid risk classification, were analyzed. The data from 69 patients were analyzed, including 33 patients with pre- and post-TDF-initiation serum samples. Total cholesterol (T-chol), HDL-c, LDL-c, non-HDL-c, and oxidized LDL levels increased significantly after switching to TAF. With regard to sequential changes pre- to post-TAF, TDF was associated with significantly lower serum T-chol, HDL-c, and oxidized LDL-c levels, with T-chol, HDL-c, LDL-c, and oxidized LDL-c levels increasing significantly after the switch. The switch from TDF to TAF was also associated with an increase in the rate of dyslipidemia, from 33% to 39%, with an increase in the rate of severe dyslipidemia of 1.4% and 5.8%, based on T-chol and LDL-c levels. Of note, no cases of severe dyslipidemia were detected pre-TAF treatment. As oxidized LDL-c and non-HDL-c are strongly associated with atherosclerosis development, careful monitoring of lipid is needed after switching from TDF to TAF in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuharu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Goki Suda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoshiya Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abiko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenji Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shuichi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryo Sugiura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Megumi Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Osamu Maehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ren Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitagataya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Taku Shigesawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ohara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawagishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takuya Sho
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenichi Morikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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30
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Suzuki T, Okamoto T, Kawai F, Okuyama S, Fukuda K. Hemolytic Anemia after Acute Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Case Report and Systematic Review. Intern Med 2022; 61:481-488. [PMID: 34433718 PMCID: PMC8907784 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.7690-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic anemia and pure red cell aplasia are rare hematological complications of hepatitis B virus infection. We herein report a 24-year-old man who was diagnosed with hemolytic anemia and possible transient pure red cell anemia eight weeks after a severe episode of acute hepatitis B virus infection. Rapid recovery was observed with conservative management. Hemoglobin returned to baseline within three months. As the clinical features of hemolytic anemia associated with hepatitis B virus have not yet been elucidated, we conducted a systematic review and present an analysis of the 20 reported cases, including our present case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Japan
| | - Fujimi Kawai
- St. Luke's International University Library, Japan
| | - Shuhei Okuyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Japan
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31
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Dubey AK, Kumar Gupta V, Kujawska M, Orive G, Kim NY, Li CZ, Kumar Mishra Y, Kaushik A. Exploring nano-enabled CRISPR-Cas-powered strategies for efficient diagnostics and treatment of infectious diseases. JOURNAL OF NANOSTRUCTURE IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 12:833-864. [PMID: 35194511 PMCID: PMC8853211 DOI: 10.1007/s40097-022-00472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical researchers have subsequently been inspired the development of new approaches for precisely changing an organism's genomic DNA in order to investigate customized diagnostics and therapeutics utilizing genetic engineering techniques. Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is one such technique that has emerged as a safe, targeted, and effective pharmaceutical treatment against a wide range of disease-causing organisms, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, as well as genetic abnormalities. The recent discovery of very flexible engineered nucleic acid binding proteins has changed the scientific area of genome editing in a revolutionary way. Since current genetic engineering technique relies on viral vectors, issues about immunogenicity, insertional oncogenesis, retention, and targeted delivery remain unanswered. The use of nanotechnology has the potential to improve the safety and efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 component distribution by employing tailored polymeric nanoparticles. The combination of two (CRISPR/Cas9 and nanotechnology) offers the potential to open new therapeutic paths. Considering the benefits, demand, and constraints, the goal of this research is to acquire more about the biology of CRISPR technology, as well as aspects of selective and effective diagnostics and therapies for infectious illnesses and other metabolic disorders. This review advocated combining nanomedicine (nanomedicine) with a CRISPR/Cas enabled sensing system to perform early-stage diagnostics and selective therapy of specific infectious disorders. Such a Nano-CRISPR-powered nanomedicine and sensing system would allow for successful infectious illness control, even on a personal level. This comprehensive study also discusses the current obstacles and potential of the predicted technology. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40097-022-00472-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, 600036, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG UK
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznań, Poland
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- CIBER Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Nanobiocel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nam-Young Kim
- Department of Electronics Engineering, RFIC Bio Centre, NDAC Centre, RFIC Bio Centre, NDAC Centre, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01897 South Korea
| | - Chen-zhong Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alison 2, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL-33805 USA
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Telbivudine Plus Adefovir Versus Lamivudine Plus Adefovir for Lamivudine-Resistant Chronic Hepatitis B: TeSLA Randomized Trial. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.121627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: In countries with unavailable tenofovir, a combination of lamivudine (LMV) and adefovir (ADV) is recommended for the treatment of LMV-resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Considering that telbivudine (L-dT) was demonstrated to be superior to LMV in previous studies, L-dT and ADV combination therapy is expected to show better antiviral efficacy than the combination of LMV and ADV in patients with LMV-resistant CHB. Methods: This was a prospective randomized multicenter study. The primary endpoint was Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA reduction after 52 weeks of treatment. The secondary endpoints were HBV DNA undetectability, hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion, the incidence of virological and biochemical breakthroughs, and safety during the study period. Results: A total of 43 LMV-resistant CHB patients were enrolled. Twenty-one were treated with LMV + ADV and 22 with L-dT + ADV. After 52 weeks of antiviral treatment, the HBV DNA reduction showed no significant intergroup difference (-4.54 ± 1.23 log IU/mL in the LMV + ADV group, -4.24 ± 1.46 log IU/mL in the L-dT + ADV group, P = 0.475). There were no significant intergroup differences in HBV DNA undetectability rates, mean HBV DNA level, or hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rate at 13, 26, 39, and 52 weeks of treatment. In terms of safety, the mean creatine phosphokinase level was significantly higher in the L-dT + ADV group. Conclusions: In the treatment of LMV-resistant CHB, the combination of L-dT and ADV did not show any clinical benefit compared to the combination of LMV and ADV.
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Souza-Silva G, Mol MPG. Hepatitis B prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Rev Saude Publica 2021; 55:86. [PMID: 34852166 PMCID: PMC8621438 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the hepatitis B prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers. METHODS We performed a literature search in the SciELO, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed and Web of Science databases using the descriptors: "hepatitis B" AND ("informal recycling" OR "waste picker" OR "recyclable waste collectors" OR "solid waste segregator") AND ("recyclable waste" OR "solid waste") AND Brazil. Epidemiological studies on HBV in Brazilian waste pickers published prior to February 2020 were included and evaluated for quality and bias using a funnel plot. RESULTS This meta-analysis consisted of five articles. Prevalence of HBV surface antigen seropositivity was 14% (95%CI: 6%-22%) in Brazilian waste pickers. CONCLUSION HBV prevalence in Brazilian waste pickers remains high. There should be more campaigns showing the importance of vaccination and personal protective equipment use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Souza-Silva
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias. Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Marcos Paulo Gomes Mol
- Fundação Ezequiel Dias. Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Tenofovir versus lamivudine followed by tenofovir in severe exacerbation of hepatitis B: a randomized controlled study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 66:e0166421. [PMID: 34807763 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01664-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous severe acute exacerbation (SAE) is not uncommon in the natural history of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Lamivudine (LAM) had the advantages of low price, quick onset, good efficacy and no drug resistance within 24 weeks. This study aimed to compare the short-term efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and LAM for 24 weeks followed by TDF in the treatment of CHB with severe acute exacerbation. Consecutive patients of CHB with SAE were randomized to receive either TDF (19 patients) or LAM for 24 weeks followed by TDF (18 patients). The primary endpoint was overall mortality or receipt of liver transplantation by week 24. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (VGHKS12-CT5-10). The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. By week 24, seven (37%) and five (28%) patients in the TDF and LAM/TDF groups died or received liver transplantation (P=0.487). Multivariate analysis showed that albumin level, prothrombin time (PT), and hepatic encephalopathy were independent factors associated with mortality or liver transplantation by week 24. Early reductions in HBV DNA of more than or equal to 2 log at 1 and 2 weeks were similar between the two groups. The biochemical and virological responses at 12, 24 and 48 weeks were also similar between the two groups. TDF and LAM for 24 weeks followed by TDF achieved a similar clinical outcome in CHB patients with SAE.
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Liu H, Dong Z. Cancer Etiology and Prevention Principle: "1 + X". Cancer Res 2021; 81:5377-5395. [PMID: 34470778 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer was previously thought to be an inevitable aspect of human health with no effective treatments. However, the results of in-depth cancer research suggest that most types of cancer may be preventable. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the disparities in cancer burden caused by different risk factors is essential to inform and improve cancer prevention and control. Here, we propose the cancer etiology and prevention principle "1 + X," where 1 denotes the primary risk factor for a cancer and X represents the secondary contributing risk factors for the cancer. We elaborate upon the "1 + X" principle with respect to risk factors for several different cancer types. The "1 + X" principle can be used for precise prevention of cancer by eliminating the main cause of a cancer and minimizing the contributing factors at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Khaimova R, Fischetti B, Cope R, Berkowitz L, Bakshi A. Serological response with Heplisav-B® in prior Hepatitis B vaccine non-responders living with HIV. Vaccine 2021; 39:6529-6534. [PMID: 34600748 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As people living with HIV (PLWH) are at risk for contracting Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), they should be screened for HBV and vaccinated if not immune. Seroconversion rates in PLWH receiving traditional recombinant HBV vaccines (Engerix-B® and Recombivax-HB®) have historically been low with at most 70% achieving immunity. In 2017, a recombinant, adjuvanted HBV vaccine (Heplisav-B®) was approved for use in HIV-negative patients. Heplisav-B® has shown superior seroprotection in this population compared to Engerix-B® and Recombivax-HB®, as well as interim analysis showing higher seropositivity rates in patients undergoing dialysis. However, its efficacy in PLWH is currently unknown. This study evaluates the rate of seroconversion following Heplisav-B® administration in PLWH with previous HBV vaccination failure. METHODS Retrospective, cross-sectional study at The Brooklyn Hospital Center's HIV primary care clinic in Brooklyn, NY. HIV-positive adults who received at least two doses of Heplisav-B® and had previously failed to seroconvert after vaccination with Engerix-B® or Recombivax-HB® were included. The primary outcome is the percentage of PLWH who became seropositive following Heplisav-B®. RESULTS A total of 67 patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five (37.3%) PLWH had failed at least 2 courses of recombinant vaccines. Fifty-eight (86.6%) PLWH became seropositive (Anti-HBs > 10 mIU/mL) at least two months after completing Heplisav-B®. For the 9 (13.4%) patients that did not develop immunity, 3 (33%) had a detectable HIV RNA and 3 (33%) had a CD4 count < 200 cells/uL3. CONCLUSIONS Heplisav-B® was highly effective in achieving immunity to HBV in PLWH who failed non-adjuvanted recombinant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Khaimova
- Pharmacy Practice, The Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, 1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
| | - Briann Fischetti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States; Pharmacy Practice, The Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, 1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
| | - Rebecca Cope
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States; Pharmacy Practice, The Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, 1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
| | - Leonard Berkowitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
| | - Anjali Bakshi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States.
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Zhao Z, Feng M, Wan J, Zheng X, Teng C, Xie X, Pan W, Hu B, Huang J, Liu Z, Wu J, Cai S. Research progress of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on anti-pathogenic microbes and immune regulation activities. Food Funct 2021; 12:9607-9619. [PMID: 34549212 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
At the end of 2019, the COVID-19 virus spread worldwide, infecting millions of people. Infectious diseases induced by pathogenic microorganisms such as the influenza virus, hepatitis virus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are also a major threat to public health. The high mortality caused by infectious pathogenic microorganisms is due to their strong virulence, which leads to the excessive counterattack by the host immune system and severe inflammatory damage of the immune system. This paper reviews the efficacy, mechanism and related immune regulation of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as an anti-pathogenic microorganism drug. EGCG mainly shows both direct and indirect anti-infection effects. EGCG directly inhibits early infection by interfering with the adsorption on host cells, inhibiting virus replication and reducing bacterial biofilm formation and toxin release; EGCG indirectly inhibits infection by regulating immune inflammation and antioxidation. At the same time, we reviewed the bioavailability and safety of EGCG in vivo. At present, the bioavailability of EGCG can be improved to some extent using nanostructured drug delivery systems and molecular modification technology in combination with other drugs. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of EGCG as an adjuvant drug for anti-pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Zhao
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Meiyan Feng
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Juan Wan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cuiqin Teng
- Wuzhou Institute of Agricultural, Wuzhou 543003, China
| | - Xinya Xie
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Baozhu Hu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Wuzhou Institute of Agricultural, Wuzhou 543003, China
| | - Shuxian Cai
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tea Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Kayesh MEH, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Toll-Like Receptor Response to Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists as Immunomodulators for Treating Chronic Hepatitis B: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10462. [PMID: 34638802 PMCID: PMC8508807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health problem. The immunopathology of the disease, especially the interplay between HBV and host innate immunity, is poorly understood. Moreover, inconsistent literature on HBV and host innate immunity has led to controversies. However, recently, there has been an increase in the number of studies that have highlighted the link between innate immune responses, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and chronic HBV infection. TLRs are the key sensing molecules that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns and regulate the induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby shaping the adaptive immunity. The suppression of TLR response has been reported in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), as well as in other models, including tree shrews, suggesting an association of TLR response in HBV chronicity. Additionally, TLR agonists have been reported to improve the host innate immune response against HBV infection, highlighting the potential of these agonists as immunomodulators for enhancing CHB treatment. In this study, we discuss the current understanding of host innate immune responses during HBV infection, particularly focusing on the TLR response and TLR agonists as immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
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Ojara M, Owomugisha G, Kibunga IS, Asio LG, Bwaga I, Nabugere T, Tuwayenga RM, Ikoona EN, Kitara DL. Knowledge, attitude and occupational risks to hepatitis B infection among health workers in Gulu Regional Referral Hospital, Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study design. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 39:138. [PMID: 34527154 PMCID: PMC8418175 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.39.138.23724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the commonest causes of acute and chronic liver diseases worldwide. HBV can be transmitted by exposure to infected blood and human secretions through sharp injuries and splashes. Health workers are among the most high-risk groups because they regularly interact with patients. A seroprevalence survey conducted in Uganda in 2014 found a higher prevalence of HBV in Gulu Municipality compared to the rest of Uganda. Methods a cross-sectional study was conducted among health workers in Gulu Regional Hospital. A stratified random sampling was used. Knowledge ratings and Likert scale were used to score knowledge, attitudes and risks of HBV infections in a qualitative assessment. Ethical approval was obtained and SPSS was used for data analysis. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results one hundred and twenty-six (126) respondents participated; 65 (51.6%) were male, 80 (63.5%) were aged 20-29 years, 74 (58.7%) were not married, 86 (68.3%) had a work experience of 0-9 years, 64 (50.8%) had good knowledge, 90(71.4%) had positive attitude, 114 (90.5%) had high to very high pre-exposure risks, and 75 (59.5%) had moderate to high exposure and post-exposure risks. There was no significant difference in knowledge (X2= 13.895; p = 0.178) and work experience (X2= 21.196; p = 0.097) among the health workers. Conclusion there is a high pre-exposure, exposure and post-exposure risks of HBV infection among health workers in Gulu Hospital. There is need to augment awareness on HBV infection and design strategies to strengthen and implement infection control measures including HBV vaccination among health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Ojara
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Gloria Owomugisha
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Isaac Staron Kibunga
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Lucy Grace Asio
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Ibrahim Bwaga
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Thomas Nabugere
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | | | | | - David Lagoro Kitara
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P .0. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda.,Department of Global Health and Populations, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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40
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Lin H, Li G, Peng X, Deng A, Ye L, Shi L, Wang T, He J. The Use of CRISPR/Cas9 as a Tool to Study Human Infectious Viruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:590989. [PMID: 34513721 PMCID: PMC8430244 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.590989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems are a set of versatile gene-editing toolkit that perform diverse revolutionary functions in various fields of application such as agricultural practices, food industry, biotechnology, biomedicine, and clinical research. Specially, as a novel antiviral method of choice, CRISPR/Cas9 system has been extensively and effectively exploited to fight against human infectious viruses. Infectious diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and other viruses are still global threats with persistent potential to probably cause pandemics. To facilitate virus removals, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has already been customized to confer new antiviral capabilities into host animals either by modifying host genome or by directly targeting viral inherent factors in the form of DNA. Although several limitations and difficulties still need to be conquered, this technology holds great promises in the treatment of human viral infectious diseases. In this review, we will first present a brief biological feature of CRISPR/Cas9 systems, which includes a description of CRISPR/Cas9 structure and composition; thereafter, we will focus on the investigations and applications that employ CRISPR/Cas9 system to combat several human infectious viruses and discuss challenges and future perspectives of using this new platform in the preclinical and clinical settings as an antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Lin
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangwen Peng
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Aimin Deng
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tuanmei Wang
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun He
- Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Yao K, Wang J, Wang L, Xia J, Yan X, Wu W, Liu J, Wang L, Yin S, Tong X, Ding W, Huang R, Wu C. Association of anti-HBc and liver inflammation in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients with normal ALT and detectable HBV DNA. J Med Virol 2021; 94:659-666. [PMID: 34499353 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Serum hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) is associated with liver inflammation in chronic hepatitis B patients. This study aimed to investigate whether anti-HBc could serve as a predictor of significant liver inflammation in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and detectable HBV DNA. Treatment-naïve HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infected patients with normal ALT and detectable HBV DNA who underwent liver biopsy were retrospectively included from two medical centers. Liver inflammation grade was evaluated using the Scheuer scoring system and significant liver inflammation was defined as ≥G2. Serum anti-HBc levels were measured by commercial immunoassays (Abbott GmbH & Co. KG). A total of 117 patients were included and 50 (42.7%) patients showed significant liver inflammation. Serum anti-HBc levels in patients with significant liver inflammation were significantly higher than patients with no or mild liver inflammation (<G2) (p < 0.001). High serum anti-HBc (odds ratio 1.562, 95% confidential interval 1.157-2.110, p = 0.004) was an independent risk factor of significant liver inflammation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of serum anti-HBc in predicting significant liver inflammation was 0.769 and the optimal cut-off value was 10.87 S/CO, with a sensitivity of 59.2% and a specificity of 87.9%. Our data revealed that a substantial of HBeAg-negative chronic infection patients with normal ALT and detectable HBV DNA showed significant liver inflammation. Serum anti-HBc can predict significant liver inflammation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefang Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huai'an No. 4 People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengxia Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weimao Ding
- Department of Hepatology, Huai'an No. 4 People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Determinants of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection Among University Students in Central Bangladesh. J Community Health 2021; 47:136-142. [PMID: 34491507 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-021-01025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and determinants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among university students in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 614 students from five universities in central Bangladesh. Data were collected on demographic information, immunization history, medical and blood transfusion history through the face-to-face interview. Blood samples were collected and screened for anti-HBsAg using ELISA, HBsAg Rapid Test-cassette, and immune chromatographic test. The overall seroprevalence of HBV infection was 5.0%, and vaccination coverage was 19.2% among the participants. Students having a history of surgery (OR 11.004, 95% CI 3.211-37.707), blood transfusion (OR 5.651, 95% CI 0.965-33.068), being married (OR 4.776, 95% CI 1.508-15.127), and not being vaccinated (OR 9.825, 95% CI 1.130-85.367) were at higher risk of being infected by HBV. This study showed the endemicity of HBV infection among the Bangladeshi population. Marriage, surgical or blood transfusion history, not being vaccinated were the determinants of HBV infection within the study population. Public health initiatives for preventing HBV infection at the university levels should be envisaged.
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43
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Kayesh MEH, Sanada T, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Tree Shrew as an Emerging Small Animal Model for Human Viral Infection: A Recent Overview. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081641. [PMID: 34452505 PMCID: PMC8402676 DOI: 10.3390/v13081641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infection is a global public health threat causing millions of deaths. A suitable small animal model is essential for viral pathogenesis and host response studies that could be used in antiviral and vaccine development. The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri or Tupaia belangeri chinenesis), a squirrel-like non-primate small mammal in the Tupaiidae family, has been reported to be susceptible to important human viral pathogens, including hepatitis viruses (e.g., HBV, HCV), respiratory viruses (influenza viruses, SARS-CoV-2, human adenovirus B), arboviruses (Zika virus and dengue virus), and other viruses (e.g., herpes simplex virus, etc.). The pathogenesis of these viruses is not fully understood due to the lack of an economically feasible suitable small animal model mimicking natural infection of human diseases. The tree shrew model significantly contributes towards a better understanding of the infection and pathogenesis of these important human pathogens, highlighting its potential to be used as a viable viral infection model of human viruses. Therefore, in this review, we summarize updates regarding human viral infection in the tree shrew model, which highlights the potential of the tree shrew to be utilized for human viral infection and pathogenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Takahiro Sanada
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-99-285-3589
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44
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Shih CA, Chen WC. Prevention of hepatitis B reactivation in patients requiring chemotherapy and immunosuppressive therapy. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:5769-5781. [PMID: 34368296 PMCID: PMC8316946 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i21.5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation can lead to severe acute hepatic failure and death in patients with HBV infection. HBV reactivation (HBVr) most commonly develops in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy, especially B cell-depleting agent therapy such as rituximab and ofatumumab for hematological or solid organ malignancies and that receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without antiviral prophylaxis. In addition, the potential consequences of HBVr is particularly a concern when patients are exposed to either immunosuppressive or biologic therapies for the management of rheumatologic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease and dermatologic diseases. Thus, screening with HBV serological markers and prophylactic or pre-emptive antiviral treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues should be considered in these patients to diminish the risk of HBVr. This review discusses the clinical manifestation, prognosis and management of HBVr, risk stratifications of cancer chemotherapy and immunosuppressive therapy and international guideline recommendations for the prevention of HBVr in patients with HBV infection and resolved hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-An Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Antai Medical Care Corporation, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung County 928, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung County 928, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 8424, Taiwan
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Long-Term Safety in HBsAg-Negative, HBcAb-Positive Patients with Rheumatic Diseases Receiving Maintained Steroid Therapy after Pulse Therapy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153296. [PMID: 34362079 PMCID: PMC8347429 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative, antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc)-positive patients after glucocorticoid (GC) pulse therapy remains unclear. AIMS Our study aimed to examine the safety of GC pulse therapy in HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive rheumatic patients. METHODS Medical records of HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive patients receiving GC pulse therapy to treat rheumatic diseases were reviewed. The primary outcome was HBV-associated hepatitis occurring within the first year after GC pulse therapy; the secondary outcome was HBsAg seroreversion occurring during the follow-up period. RESULTS We identified 5222 HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive patients with rheumatic diseases who had attended Taichung Veterans General Hospital from October 2006 to December 2018. A total of 689 patients had received GC pulse therapy, with 424 patients being analyzed. Hepatitis was noted in 28 patients (6.6%) within the first year after GC pulse therapy, but none had been diagnosed as HBV-associated hepatitis. Three patients (0.7%) later developed HBsAg seroreversion, with a median interval of 97 months from the first episode of GC pulse therapy. These cases concurrently had maintained high dose oral prednisolone (≥20 mg prednisolone daily for over 4 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Amongst the HBsAg-negative, anti-HBc-positive rheumatic patients treated with GC pulse therapy, the risk of HBV-associated hepatitis within the first year was low. HBsAg seroreversion may have developed in the later stage, but only in those patients who had maintained high-dose oral steroid.
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Suwanpakdee D, Taweesith W, Traivaree C, Rujkijyanont P. HBV Seroprotection and Anamnestic Response to Booster Vaccination in Pediatric Cancer Survivors. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X211033452. [PMID: 34350309 PMCID: PMC8287357 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211033452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a major global health concern and can be prevented in the era of
vaccination. Impaired immunological memory to primary immunization is a common
chemotherapy-related complication among cancer survivors. The study aimed to
determine protective immunity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and anamnestic
response to booster vaccination. In all, 107 pediatric cancer survivors
previously immunized with primary hepatitis B vaccination were enrolled. A
hepatitis B booster dose was administered to those with suboptimal
seroprotection (anti-HBs < 10 mIU/mL) and 2 additional doses were
subsequently administered at 1 and 6 months to those whose anti-HBs remained
low. Clinical and serologic parameters were analyzed. Sero-protective rate
against HBV (anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL) among survivors was 20.6% with geometric mean
titer (GMT) of 95.7 ± 265.6 mIU/mL. Anamnestic response was 61% after a booster
vaccine among those with suboptimal seroprotection and 100% after 2 additional
booster doses among those whose anti-HBs remained low. GMTs among those
survivors after the First and third booster vaccines were 320.0 ± 412.4 mIU/mL
and 826.5 ± 343.8 mIU/mL, respectively. Age at diagnosis was a significant
independent risk factor for adequate seroprotection (adjusted OR = 0.84, 95%CI:
0.71-0.99) with a P-value of .034. No associated risk factors
to predict optimal anamnestic response to booster vaccination were identified.
Loss of immunological memory to primary hepatitis B immunization is an
inevitable complication among most pediatric cancer survivors; therefore,
assessing adequate seroprotection is essentially required. For those with
limited accessibility to serologic tests, completion of full 3-booster-dose
series is alternative and highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chanchai Traivaree
- Phramongkutklao College of Medicine and Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piya Rujkijyanont
- Phramongkutklao College of Medicine and Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mohamed AA, Hakeem GL, Babrs GM, Abolfotoh LE, Shehata NM, Maher SE, Mousa SM, Ismail AM, Ezzat D, Habib AG, Ghaith DM, Fawazy N, Khattab RA, Habib EES, El-Hassib DMA, Abd-Elsalam S, El-damasy DA. Epidermal Growth Factor rs4444903 A>G Gene Polymorphism Association with Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Disease Progression among Egyptian Children: A Multicenter Study. THE OPEN BIOMARKERS JOURNAL 2021; 11:63-68. [DOI: 10.2174/1875318302111010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Polymorphisms of genes encoding the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines can affect the clinical presentation of the infection. We aimed to assess the role of EGF gene single-nucleotide polymorphism in the outcome of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children.
Methods:
One hundred HBV-infected children and 75 healthy matched controls were enrolled in this prospective study. Patients included 18 chronic inactive and 82 chronic active carriers. EGF rs4444903 A>G genotypes were determined using allele-specific amplification.
Results:
Significant differences regarding EGF genotypic frequency (p=0.001) in patients compared to controls (p=0.001). Eighteen percent were inactive, and 82% were active carriers. AA, AG and GG genotypic frequency were 66.7%, 33.3%, 0% and were 3.7%, 37.8% and 58.5% in the inactive and active carriers, respectively, with significant differences regarding AA, AG, GG genotypic frequency (p=0.001 for all). EGF AA, AG, GG genotypes frequency were 1.9%, 33.3%, and 64.8%, respectively, with significant differences between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients regarding AA, AG, GG genotypic frequency (p=0.001 for all).
Conclusion:
Increased G allele frequency in EGF rs4444903 A > G polymorphism in HBV- Egyptian children is associated with worse outcomes.
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Haraguchi M, Miuma S, Yamamoto K, Nakao Y, Ichikawa T, Kanda Y, Sasaki R, Fukushima M, Akazawa Y, Miyaaki H, Nakao K. Geranylgeranylacetone decreases the production of hepatitis B virus-related antigen by comprehensive downregulation of mRNA transcription activity. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:1979-1987. [PMID: 33393671 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is infrequently achieved with current therapies. Therefore, more effective anti-HBV therapy is needed. We previously reported that geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) showed anti-hepatitis C virus activity in human hepatoma cells. In this study, we examined the anti-HBV activity of GGA. METHODS We used HepG2.2.15.7 cells, PXB cells infected with HBV, Huh7 cells transfected with linear HBV, and PLC/PRF/5 cells as HBV-infected hepatocyte models. After GGA treatment, HBV-related antigen was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. HBV-related mRNA was examined by Northern blot. cccDNA and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The activities of HBV promoters and enhancer regions were examined using luciferase vectors. RESULTS After GGA treatment, hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen secretion was decreased in all HBV-infected hepatocyte models. HBV-related mRNA was also decreased by GGA treatment, although cccDNA levels were not affected. Additionally, the activity of HBV S1 and S2 promoter region and Enhancer 1/Enhancer 2/core promoter region was reduced by GGA treatment. The mRNA expression of the main transcription factors, hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 and 4 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, was also decreased. Further, the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers were increased by GGA treatment, which reflected the change in HBV-related antigen secretion. CONCLUSIONS Geranylgeranylacetone treatment reduces HBV-related protein levels by suppressing comprehensive downregulation of HBV promoter and enhancer activity, which might be caused by decreased hepatic transcription factor expression. GGA treatment may enhance anti-HBV effects in combination with other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Haraguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Biomedical Research Support Center, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tatsuki Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center City Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryu Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masanori Fukushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuko Akazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Miyaaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Cao X, Wang Y, Li P, Huang W, Lu X, Lu H. HBV Reactivation During the Treatment of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Management Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:685706. [PMID: 34277431 PMCID: PMC8281013 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.685706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV-R), which can lead to HBV-related morbidity and mortality, is a common and well-known complication that occurs during the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients with current or past exposure to HBV infection. HBV-R is thought to be closely associated with chemotherapeutic or immunosuppressive therapies. However, immunosuppressive agents such as anti-CD20 antibodies (e.g., rituximab and ofatumumab), glucocorticoids, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) administered to NHL patients during treatment can cause deep immunodepression and place them at high risk of HBV-R. In this review, we explore the current evidence, the guidelines of several national and international organizations, and the recommendations of expert panels relating to the definition, risk factors, screening and monitoring strategies, whether to use prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy, and the optimal antiviral agent and duration of antiviral therapy for HBV-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Panyun Li
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongda Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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50
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Yaralı E, Erdem A. Cobalt Phthalocyanine-Ionic Liquid Composite Modified Electrodes for the Voltammetric Detection of DNA Hybridization Related to Hepatitis B Virus. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:753. [PMID: 34206863 PMCID: PMC8306960 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) and ionic liquid (IL) modified pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) were designed and implemented to detect sequence-selective DNA hybridization related to the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The surface characterization of CoPc-IL-PGEs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the electrochemical behavior of electrodes were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The voltammetric detection of hybridization was investigated by evaluating the guanine oxidation signal, measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The implementation of our biosensor to serum samples was also examined using fetal bovine serum (FBS). The detection limit was established as 0.19 µg/mL in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 7.40) and 2.48 µg/mL in FBS medium. The selectivity of our assay regarding HBV DNA hybridization in FBS medium was tested in the presence of other DNA sequences. With this aim, the hybridization of DNA probe with non-complementary (NC) or mismatched DNA sequence (MM), or in the presence of mixture samples containing DNA target NC (1:1) or DNA target MM (1:1), was studied based on the changes in guanine signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Yaralı
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Arzum Erdem
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
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