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Ceasar SA, Prabhu S, Ebeed HT. Protein research in millets: current status and way forward. PLANTA 2024; 260:43. [PMID: 38958760 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Millets' protein studies are lagging behind those of major cereals. Current status and future insights into the investigation of millet proteins are discussed. Millets are important small-seeded cereals majorly grown and consumed by people in Asia and Africa and are considered crops of future food security. Although millets possess excellent climate resilience and nutrient supplementation properties, their research advancements have been lagging behind major cereals. Although considerable genomic resources have been developed in recent years, research on millet proteins and proteomes is currently limited, highlighting a need for further investigation in this area. This review provides the current status of protein research in millets and provides insights to understand protein responses for climate resilience and nutrient supplementation in millets. The reference proteome data is available for sorghum, foxtail millet, and proso millet to date; other millets, such as pearl millet, finger millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet, tef, and browntop millet, do not have any reference proteome data. Many studies were reported on stress-responsive protein identification in foxtail millet, with most studies on the identification of proteins under drought-stress conditions. Pearl millet has a few reports on protein identification under drought and saline stress. Finger millet is the only other millet to have a report on stress-responsive (drought) protein identification in the leaf. For protein localization studies, foxtail millet has a few reports. Sorghum has the highest number of 40 experimentally proven crystal structures, and other millets have fewer or no experimentally proven structures. Further proteomics studies will help dissect the specific proteins involved in climate resilience and nutrient supplementation and aid in breeding better crops to conserve food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, 683 104, India.
| | - Srinivasan Prabhu
- Division of Phytochemistry and Drug Design, Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, 683 104, India
| | - Heba T Ebeed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
- National Biotechnology Network of Expertise (NBNE), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo, Egypt
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Yang C, Fredua-Agyeman R, Hwang SF, Gorim LY, Strelkov SE. Genome-wide association studies of root system architecture traits in a broad collection of Brassica genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1389082. [PMID: 38863549 PMCID: PMC11165082 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1389082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The root systems of Brassica species are complex. Eight root system architecture (RSA) traits, including total root length, total root surface area, root average diameter, number of tips, total primary root length, total lateral root length, total tertiary root length, and basal link length, were phenotyped across 379 accessions representing six Brassica species (B. napus, B. juncea, B. carinata, B. oleracea, B. nigra, and B. rapa) using a semi-hydroponic system and image analysis software. The results suggest that, among the assessed species, B. napus and B. oleracea had the most intricate and largest root systems, while B. nigra exhibited the smallest roots. The two species B. juncea and B. carinata shared comparable root system complexity and had root systems with larger root diameters. In addition, 313 of the Brassica accessions were genotyped using a 19K Brassica single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. After filtering by TASSEL 5.0, 6,213 SNP markers, comprising 5,103 markers on the A-genome (covering 302,504 kb) and 1,110 markers on the C-genome (covering 452,764 kb), were selected for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Two general linear models were tested to identify the genomic regions and SNPs associated with the RSA traits. GWAS identified 79 significant SNP markers associated with the eight RSA traits investigated. These markers were distributed across the 18 chromosomes of B. napus, except for chromosome C06. Sixty-five markers were located on the A-genome, and 14 on the C-genome. Furthermore, the major marker-trait associations (MTAs)/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with root traits were located on chromosomes A02, A03, and A06. Brassica accessions with distinct RSA traits were identified, which could hold functional, adaptive, evolutionary, environmental, pathological, and breeding significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Stephen E. Strelkov
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Tariq A, Graciano C, Sardans J, Zeng F, Hughes AC, Ahmed Z, Ullah A, Ali S, Gao Y, Peñuelas J. Plant root mechanisms and their effects on carbon and nutrient accumulation in desert ecosystems under changes in land use and climate. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:916-934. [PMID: 38482544 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Deserts represent key carbon reservoirs, yet as these systems are threatened this has implications for biodiversity and climate change. This review focuses on how these changes affect desert ecosystems, particularly plant root systems and their impact on carbon and mineral nutrient stocks. Desert plants have diverse root architectures shaped by water acquisition strategies, affecting plant biomass and overall carbon and nutrient stocks. Climate change can disrupt desert plant communities, with droughts impacting both shallow and deep-rooted plants as groundwater levels fluctuate. Vegetation management practices, like grazing, significantly influence plant communities, soil composition, root microorganisms, biomass, and nutrient stocks. Shallow-rooted plants are particularly susceptible to climate change and human interference. To safeguard desert ecosystems, understanding root architecture and deep soil layers is crucial. Implementing strategic management practices such as reducing grazing pressure, maintaining moderate harvesting levels, and adopting moderate fertilization can help preserve plant-soil systems. Employing socio-ecological approaches for community restoration enhances carbon and nutrient retention, limits desert expansion, and reduces CO2 emissions. This review underscores the importance of investigating belowground plant processes and their role in shaping desert landscapes, emphasizing the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of desert ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Corina Graciano
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Alice C Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 852, China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sikandar Ali
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanju Gao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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Weihs BJ, Heuschele DJ, Tang Z, York LM, Zhang Z, Xu Z. The State of the Art in Root System Architecture Image Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence: A Review. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 6:0178. [PMID: 38711621 PMCID: PMC11070851 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Roots are essential for acquiring water and nutrients to sustain and support plant growth and anchorage. However, they have been studied less than the aboveground traits in phenotyping and plant breeding until recent decades. In modern times, root properties such as morphology and root system architecture (RSA) have been recognized as increasingly important traits for creating more and higher quality food in the "Second Green Revolution". To address the paucity in RSA and other root research, new technologies are being investigated to fill the increasing demand to improve plants via root traits and overcome currently stagnated genetic progress in stable yields. Artificial intelligence (AI) is now a cutting-edge technology proving to be highly successful in many applications, such as crop science and genetic research to improve crop traits. A burgeoning field in crop science is the application of AI to high-resolution imagery in analyses that aim to answer questions related to crops and to better and more speedily breed desired plant traits such as RSA into new cultivars. This review is a synopsis concerning the origins, applications, challenges, and future directions of RSA research regarding image analyses using AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Weihs
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service–Plant Science Research, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics,
University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Deborah-Jo Heuschele
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service–Plant Science Research, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics,
University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Zhou Tang
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences,
Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Larry M. York
- Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy Innovation,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Zhiwu Zhang
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences,
Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Zhanyou Xu
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service–Plant Science Research, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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5
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Stirbet A, Guo Y, Lazár D, Govindjee G. From leaf to multiscale models of photosynthesis: applications and challenges for crop improvement. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11120-024-01083-9. [PMID: 38619700 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
To keep up with the growth of human population and to circumvent deleterious effects of global climate change, it is essential to enhance crop yield to achieve higher production. Here we review mathematical models of oxygenic photosynthesis that are extensively used, and discuss in depth a subset that accounts for diverse approaches providing solutions to our objective. These include models (1) to study different ways to enhance photosynthesis, such as fine-tuning antenna size, photoprotection and electron transport; (2) to bioengineer carbon metabolism; and (3) to evaluate the interactions between the process of photosynthesis and the seasonal crop dynamics, or those that have included statistical whole-genome prediction methods to quantify the impact of photosynthesis traits on the improvement of crop yield. We conclude by emphasizing that the results obtained in these studies clearly demonstrate that mathematical modelling is a key tool to examine different approaches to improve photosynthesis for better productivity, while effective multiscale crop models, especially those that also include remote sensing data, are indispensable to verify different strategies to obtain maximized crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký Univesity, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, and the Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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6
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Guo C, Zhu L, Sun H, Han Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Bai Z, Li A, Liu L, Li C. Evaluation of drought-tolerant varieties based on root system architecture in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:127. [PMID: 38383299 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root system architecture (RSA) exhibits significant genetic variability and is closely associated with drought tolerance. However, the evaluation of drought-tolerant cotton cultivars based on RSA in the field conditions is still underexplored. RESULTS So, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of drought tolerance based on physiological and morphological traits (i.e., aboveground and RSA, and yield) within a rain-out shelter, with two water treatments: well-watered (75 ± 5% soil relative water content) and drought stress (50 ± 5% soil relative water content). The results showed that principal component analysis identified six principal components, including highlighting the importance of root traits and canopy parameters in influencing drought tolerance. Moreover, the systematic cluster analysis was used to classify 80 cultivars into 5 categories, including drought-tolerant cultivars, relatively drought-tolerant cultivars, intermediate cultivars, relatively drought-sensitive cultivars, and drought-sensitive cultivars. Further validation of the drought tolerance index showed that the yield drought tolerance index and biomass drought tolerance index of the drought-tolerant cultivars were 8.97 and 5.05 times higher than those of the drought-sensitive cultivars, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The RSA of drought-tolerant cultivars was characterised by a significant increase in average length-all lateral roots, a significant decrease in average lateral root emergence angle and a moderate root/shoot ratio. In contrast, the drought-sensitive cultivars showed a significant decrease in average length-all lateral roots and a significant increase in both average lateral root emergence angle and root/shoot ratio. It is therefore more comprehensive and accurate to assess field crop drought tolerance by considering root performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Hongchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Qiucheng Han
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, 056001, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Jijie Zhu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Zhiying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Anchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Liantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China.
| | - Cundong Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China.
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7
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Guo C, Bao X, Sun H, Chen J, Zhu L, Zhang J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Bai Z, Li A, Liu L, Li C. The crucial role of lateral root angle in enhancing drought resilience in cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1358163. [PMID: 38375084 PMCID: PMC10875062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1358163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Plant responses to drought stress are influenced by various factors, including the lateral root angle (LRA), stomatal regulation, canopy temperature, transpiration rate and yield. However, there is a lack of research that quantifies their interactions, especially among different cotton varieties. Methods This experiment included two water treatments: well-watered (75 ± 5% soil relative water content) and drought stress (50 ± 5% soil relative water content) starting from the three-leaf growth stage. Results The results revealed that different LRA varieties show genetic variation under drought stress. Among them, varieties with smaller root angles show greater drought tolerance. Varieties with smaller LRAs had significantly increased stomatal opening by 15% to 43%, transpiration rate by 61.24% and 62.00%, aboveground biomass by 54% to 64%, and increased seed cotton yield by 76% to 79%, and decreased canopy temperature by 9% to 12% under drought stress compared to the larger LRAs. Varieties with smaller LRAs had less yield loss under drought stress, which may be due to enhanced access to deeper soil water, compensating for heightened stomatal opening and elevated transpiration rates. The increase in transpiration rate promotes heat dissipation from leaves, thereby reducing leaf temperature and protecting leaves from damage. Discussion Demonstrating the advantages conferred by the development of a smaller LRA under drought stress conditions holds value in enhancing cotton's resilience and promoting its sustainable adaptation to abiotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hongchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Cotton Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haina Zhang
- Cotton Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Anchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Liantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Cundong Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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de la Fuente C, Grondin A, Sine B, Debieu M, Belin C, Hajjarpoor A, Atkinson JA, Passot S, Salson M, Orjuela J, Tranchant-Dubreuil C, Brossier JR, Steffen M, Morgado C, Dinh HN, Pandey BK, Darmau J, Champion A, Petitot AS, Barrachina C, Pratlong M, Mounier T, Nakombo-Gbassault P, Gantet P, Gangashetty P, Guedon Y, Vadez V, Reichheld JP, Bennett MJ, Kane NA, Guyomarc'h S, Wells DM, Vigouroux Y, Laplaze L. Glutaredoxin regulation of primary root growth is associated with early drought stress tolerance in pearl millet. eLife 2024; 12:RP86169. [PMID: 38294329 PMCID: PMC10945517 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Seedling root traits impact plant establishment under challenging environments. Pearl millet is one of the most heat and drought tolerant cereal crops that provides a vital food source across the sub-Saharan Sahel region. Pearl millet's early root system features a single fast-growing primary root which we hypothesize is an adaptation to the Sahelian climate. Using crop modeling, we demonstrate that early drought stress is an important constraint in agrosystems in the Sahel where pearl millet was domesticated. Furthermore, we show that increased pearl millet primary root growth is correlated with increased early water stress tolerance in field conditions. Genetics including genome-wide association study and quantitative trait loci (QTL) approaches identify genomic regions controlling this key root trait. Combining gene expression data, re-sequencing and re-annotation of one of these genomic regions identified a glutaredoxin-encoding gene PgGRXC9 as the candidate stress resilience root growth regulator. Functional characterization of its closest Arabidopsis homolog AtROXY19 revealed a novel role for this glutaredoxin (GRX) gene clade in regulating cell elongation. In summary, our study suggests a conserved function for GRX genes in conferring root cell elongation and enhancing resilience of pearl millet to its Sahelian environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Grondin
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
- LMI LAPSEDakarSenegal
- CERAAS, ISRAThiesSenegal
| | | | - Marilyne Debieu
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Amir Hajjarpoor
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Jonathan A Atkinson
- School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sixtine Passot
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Marine Salson
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Julie Orjuela
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | | | | | - Maxime Steffen
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Hang Ngan Dinh
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Bipin K Pandey
- School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Julie Darmau
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Antony Champion
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pascal Gantet
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Yann Guedon
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut AgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Vincent Vadez
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
- LMI LAPSEDakarSenegal
- CERAAS, ISRAThiesSenegal
| | | | - Malcolm J Bennett
- School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Darren M Wells
- School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yves Vigouroux
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRADMontpellierFrance
- LMI LAPSEDakarSenegal
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Lucido A, Andrade F, Basallo O, Eleiwa A, Marin-Sanguino A, Vilaprinyo E, Sorribas A, Alves R. Modeling the effects of strigolactone levels on maize root system architecture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1329556. [PMID: 38273953 PMCID: PMC10808495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1329556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Maize is the most in-demand staple crop globally. Its production relies strongly on the use of fertilizers for the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which the plant absorbs through its roots, together with water. The architecture of maize roots is determinant in modulating how the plant interacts with the microbiome and extracts nutrients and water from the soil. As such, attempts to use synthetic biology and modulate that architecture to make the plant more resilient to drought and parasitic plants are underway. These attempts often try to modulate the biosynthesis of hormones that determine root architecture and growth. Experiments are laborious and time-consuming, creating the need for simulation platforms that can integrate metabolic models and 3D root growth models and predict the effects of synthetic biology interventions on both, hormone levels and root system architectures. Here, we present an example of such a platform that is built using Mathematica. First, we develop a root model, and use it to simulate the growth of many unique 3D maize root system architectures (RSAs). Then, we couple this model to a metabolic model that simulates the biosynthesis of strigolactones, hormones that modulate root growth and development. The coupling allows us to simulate the effect of changing strigolactone levels on the architecture of the roots. We then integrate the two models in a simulation platform, where we also add the functionality to analyze the effect of strigolactone levels on root phenotype. Finally, using in silico experiments, we show that our models can reproduce both the phenotype of wild type maize, and the effect that varying strigolactone levels have on changing the architecture of maize roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Lucido
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Fabian Andrade
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Oriol Basallo
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Abderrahmane Eleiwa
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Alberto Marin-Sanguino
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Ester Vilaprinyo
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Albert Sorribas
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Rui Alves
- Systems Biology Group, Department Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
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10
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Hostetler AN, Morais de Sousa Tinoco S, Sparks EE. Root responses to abiotic stress: a comparative look at root system architecture in maize and sorghum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:553-562. [PMID: 37798135 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Under all environments, roots are important for plant anchorage and acquiring water and nutrients. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding how root architecture contributes to stress tolerance in a changing climate. Two closely related plant species, maize and sorghum, have distinct root system architectures and different levels of stress tolerance, making comparative analysis between these two species an ideal approach to resolve this knowledge gap. However, current research has focused on shared aspects of the root system that are advantageous under abiotic stress conditions rather than on differences. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge comparing the root system architecture relative to plant performance under water deficit, salt stress, and low phosphorus in maize and sorghum. Under water deficit, steeper root angles and deeper root systems are proposed to be advantageous for both species. In saline soils, a reduction in root length and root number has been described as advantageous, but this work is limited. Under low phosphorus, root systems that are shallow and wider are beneficial for topsoil foraging. Future work investigating the differences between these species will be critical for understanding the role of root system architecture in optimizing plant production for a changing global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Hostetler
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and the Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | | | - Erin E Sparks
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and the Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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11
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Peralta Ogorek LL, Jiménez JDLC, Visser EJW, Takahashi H, Nakazono M, Shabala S, Pedersen O. Outer apoplastic barriers in roots: prospects for abiotic stress tolerance. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:NULL. [PMID: 37814289 DOI: 10.1071/fp23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Floods and droughts are becoming more frequent as a result of climate change and it is imperative to find ways to enhance the resilience of staple crops to abiotic stresses. This is crucial to sustain food production during unfavourable conditions. Here, we analyse the current knowledge about suberised and lignified outer apoplastic barriers, focusing on the functional roles of the barrier to radial O2 loss formed as a response to soil flooding and we discuss whether this trait also provides resilience to multiple abiotic stresses. The barrier is composed of suberin and lignin depositions in the exodermal and/or sclerenchyma cell walls. In addition to the important role during soil flooding, the barrier can also restrict radial water loss, prevent phytotoxin intrusion, salt intrusion and the main components of the barrier can impede invasion of pathogens in the root. However, more research is needed to fully unravel the induction pathway of the outer apoplastic barriers and to address potential trade-offs such as reduced nutrient or water uptake. Nevertheless, we suggest that the outer apoplastic barriers might act as a jack of all trades providing tolerance to multiple abiotic and/or biotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas León Peralta Ogorek
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; and School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Juan de la Cruz Jiménez
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, Netherlands
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; and International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ole Pedersen
- The Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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12
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Kulhánek M, Asrade DA, Suran P, Sedlář O, Černý J, Balík J. Plant Nutrition-New Methods Based on the Lessons of History: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4150. [PMID: 38140480 PMCID: PMC10747035 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
As with new technologies, plant nutrition has taken a big step forward in the last two decades. The main objective of this review is to briefly summarise the main pathways in modern plant nutrition and attract potential researchers and publishers to this area. First, this review highlights the importance of long-term field experiments, which provide us with valuable information about the effects of different applied strategies. The second part is dedicated to the new analytical technologies (tomography, spectrometry, and chromatography), intensively studied environments (rhizosphere, soil microbial communities, and enzymatic activity), nutrient relationship indexes, and the general importance of proper data evaluation. The third section is dedicated to the strategies of plant nutrition, i.e., (i) plant breeding, (ii) precision farming, (iii) fertiliser placement, (iv) biostimulants, (v) waste materials as a source of nutrients, and (vi) nanotechnologies. Finally, the increasing environmental risks related to plant nutrition, including biotic and abiotic stress, mainly the threat of soil salinity, are mentioned. In the 21st century, fertiliser application trends should be shifted to local application, precise farming, and nanotechnology; amended with ecofriendly organic fertilisers to ensure sustainable agricultural practices; and supported by new, highly effective crop varieties. To optimise agriculture, only the combination of the mentioned modern strategies supported by a proper analysis based on long-term observations seems to be a suitable pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kulhánek
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.A.A.); (P.S.); (O.S.); (J.Č.); (J.B.)
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13
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Zhao P, Ma X, Zhang R, Cheng M, Niu Y, Shi X, Ji W, Xu S, Wang X. Integration of genome-wide association study, linkage analysis, and population transcriptome analysis to reveal the TaFMO1-5B modulating seminal root growth in bread wheat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1385-1400. [PMID: 37713270 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat, one of the keystone crops for global food security, is challenged by climate change and resource shortage. The root system plays a vital role in water and nutrient absorption, making it essential for meeting the growing global demand. Here, using an association-mapping population composed of 406 accessions, we identified QTrl.Rs-5B modulating seminal root development with a genome-wide association study and validated its genetic effects with two F5 segregation populations. Transcriptome-wide association study prioritized TaFMO1-5B, a gene encoding the flavin-containing monooxygenases, as the causal gene for QTrl.Rs-5B, whose expression levels correlate negatively with the phenotyping variations among our population. The lines silenced for TaFMO1-5B consistently showed significantly larger seminal roots in different genetic backgrounds. Additionally, the agriculture traits measured in multiple environments showed that QTrl.Rs-5B also affects yield component traits and plant architecture-related traits, and its favorable haplotype modulates these traits toward that of modern cultivars, suggesting the application potential of QTrl.Rs-5B for wheat breeding. Consistently, the frequency of the favorable haplotype of QTrl.Rs-5B increased with habitat expansion and breeding improvement of bread wheat. In conclusion, our findings identified and demonstrated the effects of QTrl.Rs-5B on seminal root development and illustrated that it is a valuable genetic locus for wheat root improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiuyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ruize Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingzhu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yaxin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shengbao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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14
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Lärm L, Bauer FM, Hermes N, van der Kruk J, Vereecken H, Vanderborght J, Nguyen TH, Lopez G, Seidel SJ, Ewert F, Schnepf A, Klotzsche A. Multi-year belowground data of minirhizotron facilities in Selhausen. Sci Data 2023; 10:672. [PMID: 37789016 PMCID: PMC10547842 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of crops secure the human food supply, but climate change is bringing new challenges. Dynamic plant growth and corresponding environmental data are required to uncover phenotypic crop responses to the changing environment. There are many datasets on above-ground organs of crops, but roots and the surrounding soil are rarely the subject of longer term studies. Here, we present what we believe to be the first comprehensive collection of root and soil data, obtained at two minirhizotron facilities located close together that have the same local climate but differ in soil type. Both facilities have 7m-long horizontal tubes at several depths that were used for crosshole ground-penetrating radar and minirhizotron camera systems. Soil sensors provide observations at a high temporal and spatial resolution. The ongoing measurements cover five years of maize and wheat trials, including drought stress treatments and crop mixtures. We make the processed data available for use in investigating the processes within the soil-plant continuum and the root images to develop and compare image analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Lärm
- Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.
| | - Felix Maximilian Bauer
- Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.
| | - Normen Hermes
- Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Jan van der Kruk
- Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Jan Vanderborght
- Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Thuy Huu Nguyen
- Crop Science Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Gina Lopez
- Crop Science Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Sabine Julia Seidel
- Crop Science Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Frank Ewert
- Crop Science Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
| | - Andrea Schnepf
- Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Anja Klotzsche
- Institute of Bio-and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.
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15
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Ahkami AH. Systems biology of root development in Populus: Review and perspectives. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111818. [PMID: 37567482 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The root system of plants consists of primary, lateral, and adventitious roots (ARs) (aka shoot-born roots). ARs arise from stem- or leaf-derived cells during post-embryonic development. Adventitious root development (ARD) through stem cuttings is the first requirement for successful establishment and growth of planted trees; however, the details of the molecular mechanisms underlying ARD are poorly understood. This knowledge is important to both basic plant biology and because of its necessary role in the successful propagation of superior cultivars of commercial woody bioenergy crops, like poplar. In this review article, the molecular mechanisms that control both endogenous (auxin) and environmentally (nutrients and microbes) regulated ARD and how these systems interact to control the rooting efficiency of poplar trees are described. Then, potential future studies in employing integrated systems biology approaches at cellular resolutions are proposed to more precisely identify the molecular mechanisms that cause AR. Using genetic transformation and genome editing approaches, this information can be used for improving ARD in economically important plants for which clonal propagation is a requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Ahkami
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA.
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16
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Chandnani R, Qin T, Ye H, Hu H, Panjvani K, Tokizawa M, Macias JM, Medina AA, Bernardino K, Pradier PL, Banik P, Mooney A, V Magalhaes J, T Nguyen H, Kochian LV. Application of an Improved 2-Dimensional High-Throughput Soybean Root Phenotyping Platform to Identify Novel Genetic Variants Regulating Root Architecture Traits. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 5:0097. [PMID: 37780968 PMCID: PMC10538525 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient-efficient root system architecture (RSA) is becoming an important breeding objective for generating crop varieties with improved nutrient and water acquisition efficiency. Genetic variants shaping soybean RSA is key in improving nutrient and water acquisition. Here, we report on the use of an improved 2-dimensional high-throughput root phenotyping platform that minimizes background noise by imaging pouch-grown root systems submerged in water. We also developed a background image cleaning Python pipeline that computationally removes images of small pieces of debris and filter paper fibers, which can be erroneously quantified as root tips. This platform was used to phenotype root traits in 286 soybean lines genotyped with 5.4 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms. There was a substantially higher correlation in manually counted number of root tips with computationally quantified root tips (95% correlation), when the background was cleaned of nonroot materials compared to root images without the background corrected (79%). Improvements in our RSA phenotyping pipeline significantly reduced overestimation of the root traits influenced by the number of root tips. Genome-wide association studies conducted on the root phenotypic data and quantitative gene expression analysis of candidate genes resulted in the identification of 3 putative positive regulators of root system depth, total root length and surface area, and root system volume and surface area of thicker roots (DOF1-like zinc finger transcription factor, protein of unknown function, and C2H2 zinc finger protein). We also identified a putative negative regulator (gibberellin 20 oxidase 3) of the total number of lateral roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chandnani
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- NRGene Canada, 110 Research Dr Suite 101, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Tongfei Qin
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Heng Ye
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Haifei Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs & Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding & Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangdong, China
| | - Karim Panjvani
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mutsutomo Tokizawa
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Javier Mora Macias
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alma Armenta Medina
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Pierre-Luc Pradier
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Pankaj Banik
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ashlyn Mooney
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Leon V Kochian
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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17
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Zhang W, Ni K, Long L, Ruan J. Nitrogen transport and assimilation in tea plant ( Camellia sinensis): a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1249202. [PMID: 37810380 PMCID: PMC10556680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for tea plants, as it contributes significantly to tea yield and serves as the component of amino acids, which in turn affects the quality of tea produced. To achieve higher yields, excessive amounts of N fertilizers mainly in the form of urea have been applied in tea plantations where N fertilizer is prone to convert to nitrate and be lost by leaching in the acid soils. This usually results in elevated costs and environmental pollution. A comprehensive understanding of N metabolism in tea plants and the underlying mechanisms is necessary to identify the key regulators, characterize the functional phenotypes, and finally improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Tea plants absorb and utilize ammonium as the preferred N source, thus a large amount of nitrate remains activated in soils. The improvement of nitrate utilization by tea plants is going to be an alternative aspect for NUE with great potentiality. In the process of N assimilation, nitrate is reduced to ammonium and subsequently derived to the GS-GOGAT pathway, involving the participation of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Additionally, theanine, a unique amino acid responsible for umami taste, is biosynthesized by the catalysis of theanine synthetase (TS). In this review, we summarize what is known about the regulation and functioning of the enzymes and transporters implicated in N acquisition and metabolism in tea plants and the current methods for assessing NUE in this species. The challenges and prospects to expand our knowledge on N metabolism and related molecular mechanisms in tea plants which could be a model for woody perennial plant used for vegetative harvest are also discussed to provide the theoretical basis for future research to assess NUE traits more precisely among the vast germplasm resources, thus achieving NUE improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xihu National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Long
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xihu National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Khourchi S, Elhaissoufi W, Ibnyasser A, Haddine M, Ghani R, Zeroual Y, Delaplace P, Bargaz A. Integrated use of polyphosphate and P-solubilizing bacteria enhanced P use efficiency and growth performance of durum wheat. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1211397. [PMID: 37476670 PMCID: PMC10354339 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1211397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Coupling phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) with P fertilizers, including polyphosphates (PolyP), was reported as eco-efficient approach to enhance P use efficiency. Although PSB have been recently reported to hydrolyze PolyP, the plant growth promoting mechanisms of PolyP-PSB co-application were not yet uncovered. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a PSB consortium (PSBCs) on growth, P use efficiency (PUE), and wheat yield parameters under PolyP (PolyB) application. Co-application of PolyB-PSBCs significantly enhanced wheat growth at 75 days after sowing (DAS) compared to 30 DAS. A significant increase in shoot dry biomass (47%), shoot inorganic P content (222%), PUE (91%), and root P absorption efficiency (RPAE, 99%) was noted compared to unfertilized plants. Similarly, the PolyB-PSBCs co-application enhanced morphological root traits at 30 DAS, while acid phosphatase activities (root and rhizosphere), RPAE, and PUE were significantly increased at 75 DAS. The improved wheat P acquisition could be attributed to a lower investment in root biomass production, and significant induction of acid phosphatase activity in roots and rhizosphere soil under PolyB-PSBCs co-application. Consequently, the PolyB-PSBCs co-application significantly improved aboveground performance, which is reflected by increased shoot nutrient contents (P 300%, K 65%), dry weight (54%), and number (50%) of spikes. Altogether, this study provides relevant evidence that co-application of PolyP-PSBCs can be an integrated and environmentally preferred P fertilization approach owing to the dual effects of PolyP and PSBCs on wheat PUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Khourchi
- Agrobiosciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, , Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
- TERRA – Teaching and Research Center, Plant Sciences, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Wissal Elhaissoufi
- Agrobiosciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, , Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Ammar Ibnyasser
- Agrobiosciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, , Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Meryem Haddine
- Agrobiosciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, , Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Ghani
- Agrobiosciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, , Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Youssef Zeroual
- Situation Innovation, OCP Group, Jorf Lasfar, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- TERRA – Teaching and Research Center, Plant Sciences, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Adnane Bargaz
- Agrobiosciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, , Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
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He K, Zhao Z, Ren W, Chen Z, Chen L, Chen F, Mi G, Pan Q, Yuan L. Mining genes regulating root system architecture in maize based on data integration analysis. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:127. [PMID: 37188973 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A new strategy that integrated multiple public data resources was established to construct root gene co-expression network and mine genes regulating root system architecture in maize. A root gene co-expression network, containing 13,874 genes, was constructed. A total of 53 root hub genes and 16 priority root candidate genes were identified. One priority root candidate was further functionally verified using overexpression transgenic maize lines. Root system architecture (RSA) is crucial for crops productivity and stress tolerance. In maize, few RSA genes are functionally cloned, and effective discovery of RSA genes remains a great of challenge. In this work, we established a strategy to mine maize RSA genes by integrating functionally characterized root genes, root transcriptome, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) of RSA traits based on public data resources. A total of 589 maize root genes were collected by searching well-characterized root genes in maize or homologous genes of other species. We performed WGCNA to construct a maize root gene co-expression network containing 13874 genes based on public available root transcriptome data, and further discovered the 53 hub genes related to root traits. In addition, by the prediction function of obtained root gene co-expression network, a total of 1082 new root candidate genes were explored. By further overlapping the obtained new root candidate gene with the root-related GWAS of RSA candidate genes, 16 priority root candidate genes were identified. Finally, a priority root candidate gene, Zm00001d023379 (encodes pyruvate kinase 2), was validated to modulate root open angle and shoot-borne roots number using its overexpression transgenic lines. Our results develop an integration analysis method for effectively exploring regulatory genes of RSA in maize and open a new avenue to mine the candidate genes underlying complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhui He
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Ren
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fanjun Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guohua Mi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingchun Pan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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20
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Lesmes-Vesga RA, Cano LM, Ritenour MA, Sarkhosh A, Chaparro JX, Rossi L. Variation in the Root System Architecture of Peach × (Peach × Almond) Backcrosses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091874. [PMID: 37176932 PMCID: PMC10180898 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The spatial arrangement and growth pattern of root systems, defined by the root system architecture (RSA), influences plant productivity and adaptation to soil environments, playing an important role in sustainable horticulture. Florida's peach production area covers contrasting soil types, making it necessary to identify rootstocks that exhibit soil-type-specific advantageous root traits. In this sense, the wide genetic diversity of the Prunus genus allows the breeding of rootstock genotypes with contrasting root traits. The evaluation of root traits expressed in young seedlings and plantlets facilitates the early selection of desirable phenotypes in rootstock breeding. Plantlets from three peach × (peach × almond) backcross populations were vegetatively propagated and grown in rhizoboxes. These backcross populations were identified as BC1251, BC1256, and BC1260 and studied in a completely randomized design. Scanned images of the entire root systems of the plantlets were analyzed for total root length distribution by diameter classes, root dry weight by depth horizons, root morphological components, structural root parameters, and root spreading angles. The BC1260 progeny presented a shallower root system and lower root growth. Backcross BC1251 progeny exhibited a more vigorous and deeper root system at narrower root angles, potentially allowing it to explore and exploit water and nutrients in deep sandy entisols from the Florida central ridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Lesmes-Vesga
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Liliana M Cano
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Plant Pathology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Mark A Ritenour
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Ali Sarkhosh
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Josè X Chaparro
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Lorenzo Rossi
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
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21
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Qi S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Naz M, Afzal MR, Du D, Dai Z. Omics Approaches in Invasion Biology: Understanding Mechanisms and Impacts on Ecological Health. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091860. [PMID: 37176919 PMCID: PMC10181282 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species and rapid climate change are affecting the control of new plant diseases and epidemics. To effectively manage these diseases under changing environmental conditions, a better understanding of pathophysiology with holistic approach is needed. Multiomics approaches can help us to understand the relationship between plants and microbes and construct predictive models for how they respond to environmental stresses. The application of omics methods enables the simultaneous analysis of plant hosts, soil, and microbiota, providing insights into their intricate relationships and the mechanisms underlying plant-microbe interactions. This can help in the development of novel strategies for enhancing plant health and improving soil ecosystem functions. The review proposes the use of omics methods to study the relationship between plant hosts, soil, and microbiota, with the aim of developing a new technique to regulate soil health. This approach can provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant-microbe interactions and contribute to the development of effective strategies for managing plant diseases and improving soil ecosystem functions. In conclusion, omics technologies offer an innovative and holistic approach to understanding plant-microbe interactions and their response to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qi
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Rahil Afzal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhicong Dai
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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22
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Halder T, Liu H, Chen Y, Yan G, Siddique KHM. Chromosome groups 5, 6 and 7 harbor major quantitative trait loci controlling root traits in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1092992. [PMID: 37021301 PMCID: PMC10067626 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1092992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Identifying genomic regions for root traits in bread wheat can help breeders develop climate-resilient and high-yielding wheat varieties with desirable root traits. This study used the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of Synthetic W7984 × Opata M85 to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for different root traits such as rooting depth (RD), root dry mass (RM), total root length (RL), root diameter (Rdia) and root surface areas (RSA1 for coarse roots and RSA2 for fine roots) under controlled conditions in a semi-hydroponic system. We detected 14 QTL for eight root traits on nine wheat chromosomes; we discovered three QTL each for RD and RSA1, two QTL each for RM and RSA2, and one QTL each for RL, Rdia, specific root length and nodal root number per plant. The detected QTL were concentrated on chromosome groups 5, 6 and 7. The QTL for shallow RD (Q.rd.uwa.7BL: Xbarc50) and high RM (Q.rm.uwa.6AS: Xgwm334) were validated in two independent F2 populations of Synthetic W7984 × Chara and Opata M85 × Cascade, respectively. Genotypes containing negative alleles for Q.rd.uwa.7BL had 52% shallower RD than other Synthetic W7984 × Chara population lines. Genotypes with the positive alleles for Q.rm.uwa.6AS had 31.58% higher RM than other Opata M85 × Cascade population lines. Further, we identified 21 putative candidate genes for RD (Q.rd.uwa.7BL) and 13 for RM (Q.rm.uwa.6AS); TraesCS6A01G020400, TraesCS6A01G024400 and TraesCS6A01G021000 identified from Q.rm.uwa.6AS, and TraesCS7B01G404000, TraesCS7B01G254900 and TraesCS7B01G446200 identified from Q.rd.uwa.7BL encoded important proteins for root traits. We found germin-like protein encoding genes in both Q.rd.uwa.7BL and Q.rm.uwa.6AS regions. These genes may play an important role in RM and RD improvement. The identified QTL, especially the validated QTL and putative candidate genes are valuable genetic resources for future root trait improvement in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Halder
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hui Liu
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Yinglong Chen
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Guijun Yan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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23
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Zheng C, Bochmann H, Liu Z, Kant J, Schrey SD, Wojciechowski T, Postma JA. Plant root plasticity during drought and recovery: What do we know and where to go? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1084355. [PMID: 37008469 PMCID: PMC10061088 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1084355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Drought stress is one of the most limiting factors for agriculture and ecosystem productivity. Climate change exacerbates this threat by inducing increasingly intense and frequent drought events. Root plasticity during both drought and post-drought recovery is regarded as fundamental to understanding plant climate resilience and maximizing production. We mapped the different research areas and trends that focus on the role of roots in plant response to drought and rewatering and asked if important topics were overlooked. METHODS We performed a comprehensive bibliometric analysis based on journal articles indexed in the Web of Science platform from 1900-2022. We evaluated a) research areas and temporal evolution of keyword frequencies, b) temporal evolution and scientific mapping of the outputs over time, c) trends in the research topics analysis, d) marked journals and citation analysis, and e) competitive countries and dominant institutions to understand the temporal trends of root plasticity during both drought and recovery in the past 120 years. RESULTS Plant physiological factors, especially in the aboveground part (such as "photosynthesis", "gas-exchange", "abscisic-acid") in model plants Arabidopsis, crops such as wheat and maize, and trees were found to be the most popular study areas; they were also combined with other abiotic factors such as salinity, nitrogen, and climate change, while dynamic root growth and root system architecture responses received less attention. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that three clusters were classified for the keywords including 1) photosynthesis response; 2) physiological traits tolerance (e.g. abscisic acid); 3) root hydraulic transport. Thematically, themes evolved from classical agricultural and ecological research via molecular physiology to root plasticity during drought and recovery. The most productive (number of publications) and cited countries and institutions were situated on drylands in the USA, China, and Australia. In the past decades, scientists approached the topic mostly from a soil-plant hydraulic perspective and strongly focused on aboveground physiological regulation, whereas the actual belowground processes seemed to have been the elephant in the room. There is a strong need for better investigation into root and rhizosphere traits during drought and recovery using novel root phenotyping methods and mathematical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zheng
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Helena Bochmann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zhaogang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Josefine Kant
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Silvia D. Schrey
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Wojciechowski
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Auke Postma
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences – Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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24
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Zhang S, Bai J, Zhang G, Xia Z, Wu M, Lu H. Negative effects of soil warming, and adaptive cultivation strategies of maize: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160738. [PMID: 36496024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a key factor in regulating and controlling several ecological processes. As there is a feedback relationship between many biogeochemical processes and climate change, their response to temperature changes is particularly important. Previously, a large volume of literature has extensively explored the impact of rising air temperature on shoot growth and maize yield, from enzymatic responses within the leaf to grain yield. As the global temperature continues to increase and the frequency, duration, and/or intensity of heat wave events increases, the soil temperature of the tilth is likely to rise sharply. As one of the most widely planted food crops in the world, maize may be subjected to additional soil temperature pressure. However, as a nutrient organ in direct contact with soil, the root plays a key role in adapting the whole plant to excessive soil temperature. Little research has been done on the effect of the soil microenvironment induced by higher soil temperature on maize root growth and root to shoot communication regulation. Therefore, this review summarizes (1) the effects of excessive soil temperature on the soil microenvironment, including soil respiration, microbial community composition, carbon mineralization, and enzyme activity; (2) the negative response of absorption of water and nutrients by roots and maize root-shoot growth to excessive soil temperature; and (3) potential cultivation strategies to improve maize yield, including improving tillage methods, adding biochar amendments, applying organic fertilizers, optimizing irrigation, and farmland mulching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jingxuan Bai
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhenqing Xia
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mengke Wu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Haidong Lu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, China.
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25
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Tanaka W, Yamauchi T, Tsuda K. Genetic basis controlling rice plant architecture and its modification for breeding. BREEDING SCIENCE 2023; 73:3-45. [PMID: 37168811 PMCID: PMC10165344 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The shoot and root system architectures are fundamental for crop productivity. During the history of artificial selection of domestication and post-domestication breeding, the architecture of rice has significantly changed from its wild ancestor to fulfil requirements in agriculture. We review the recent studies on developmental biology in rice by focusing on components determining rice plant architecture; shoot meristems, leaves, tillers, stems, inflorescences and roots. We also highlight natural variations that affected these structures and were utilized in cultivars. Importantly, many core regulators identified from developmental mutants have been utilized in breeding as weak alleles moderately affecting these architectures. Given a surge of functional genomics and genome editing, the genetic mechanisms underlying the rice plant architecture discussed here will provide a theoretical basis to push breeding further forward not only in rice but also in other crops and their wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Tanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takaki Yamauchi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Tsuda
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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26
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Ranjan R, Yadav R, Gaikwad KB, Bainsla NK, Kumar M, Babu P, Dharmateja P. Spring Wheat's Ability to Utilize Nitrogen More Effectively Is Influenced by Root Phene Variation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1010. [PMID: 36903871 PMCID: PMC10005382 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic improvement for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) can play a very crucial role in sustainable agriculture. Root traits have hardly been explored in major wheat breeding programs, more so in spring germplasm, largely because of the difficulty in their scoring. A total of 175 advanced/improved Indian spring wheat genotypes were screened for root traits and nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization at varying nitrogen levels in hydroponic conditions to dissect the complex NUE trait into its component traits and to study the extent of variability that exists for those traits in Indian germplasm. Analysis of genetic variance showed a considerable amount of genetic variability for nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE), nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE), and most of the root and shoot traits. Improved spring wheat breeding lines were found to have very large variability for maximum root length (MRL) and root dry weights (RDW) with strong genetic advance. In contrast to high nitrogen (HN), a low nitrogen (LN) environment was more effective in differentiating wheat genotypes for NUE and its component traits. Shoot dry weight (SDW), RDW, MRL, and NUpE were found to have a strong association with NUE. Further study revealed the role of root surface area (RSA) and total root length (TRL) in RDW formation as well as in nitrogen uptake and therefore can be targeted for selection to further the genetic gain for grain yield under high input or sustainable agriculture under limited inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumesh Ranjan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Rajbir Yadav
- Division of Genetics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kiran B. Gaikwad
- Division of Genetics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Bainsla
- Division of Genetics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Manjeet Kumar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Prashanth Babu
- Division of Genetics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Palaparthi Dharmateja
- Division of Genetics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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27
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Malambane G, Madumane K, Sewelo LT, Batlang U. Drought stress tolerance mechanisms and their potential common indicators to salinity, insights from the wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus): A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1074395. [PMID: 36815012 PMCID: PMC9939662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1074395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has escalated the effect of drought on crop production as it has negatively altered the environmental condition. Wild watermelon grows abundantly in the Kgalagadi desert even though the environment is characterized by minimal rainfall, high temperatures and intense sunshine during growing season. This area is also characterized by sandy soils with low water holding capacity, thus bringing about drought stress. Drought stress affects crop productivity through its effects on development and physiological functions as dictated by molecular responses. Not only one or two physiological process or genes are responsible for drought tolerance, but a combination of various factors do work together to aid crop tolerance mechanism. Various studies have shown that wild watermelon possess superior qualities that aid its survival in unfavorable conditions. These mechanisms include resilient root growth, timely stomatal closure, chlorophyll fluorescence quenching under water deficit as key physiological responses. At biochemical and molecular level, the crop responds through citrulline accumulation and expression of genes associated with drought tolerance in this species and other plants. Previous salinity stress studies involving other plants have identified citrulline accumulation and expression of some of these genes (chloroplast APX, Type-2 metallothionein), to be associated with tolerance. Emerging evidence indicates that the upstream of functional genes are the transcription factor that regulates drought and salinity stress responses as well as adaptation. In this review we discuss the drought tolerance mechanisms in watermelons and some of its common indicators to salinity at physiological, biochemical and molecular level.
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28
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Peeples J, Xu W, Gloaguen R, Rowland D, Zare A, Brym Z. Spatial and Texture Analysis of Root System distribution with Earth mover's Distance (STARSEED). PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:2. [PMID: 36604751 PMCID: PMC9814335 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Root system architectures are complex and challenging to characterize effectively for agronomic and ecological discovery. METHODS We propose a new method, Spatial and Texture Analysis of Root SystEm distribution with Earth mover's Distance (STARSEED), for comparing root system distributions that incorporates spatial information through a novel application of the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD). RESULTS We illustrate that the approach captures the response of sesame root systems for different genotypes and soil moisture levels. STARSEED provides quantitative and visual insights into changes that occur in root architectures across experimental treatments. CONCLUSION STARSEED can be generalized to other plants and provides insight into root system architecture development and response to varying growth conditions not captured by existing root architecture metrics and models. The code and data for our experiments are publicly available: https://github.com/GatorSense/STARSEED .
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Peeples
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77845 USA
| | - Weihuang Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611 USA
| | | | - Diane Rowland
- College of Natural Sciences, Forestry, and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, 04469 USA
| | - Alina Zare
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611 USA
| | - Zachary Brym
- Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, 33031 USA
- Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611 USA
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29
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Genome-Wide Association Studies of Seven Root Traits in Soybean ( Glycine max L.) Landraces. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010873. [PMID: 36614316 PMCID: PMC9821504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an important oilseed crop, is a low-cost source of protein and oil. In Southeast Asia and Africa, soybeans are widely cultivated for use as traditional food and feed and industrial purposes. Given the ongoing changes in global climate, developing crops that are resistant to climatic extremes and produce viable yields under predicted climatic conditions will be essential in the coming decades. To develop such crops, it will be necessary to gain a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of agronomic and plant root traits. As plant roots generally lie beneath the soil surface, detailed observations and phenotyping throughout plant development present several challenges, and thus the associated traits have tended to be ignored in genomics studies. In this study, we phenotyped 357 soybean landraces at the early vegetative (V2) growth stages and used a 180 K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) soybean array in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted to determine the phenotypic relationships among root traits, elucidate the genetic bases, and identify significant SNPs associated with root trait-controlling genomic regions/loci. A total of 112 significant SNP loci/regions were detected for seven root traits, and we identified 55 putative candidate genes considered to be the most promising. Our findings in this study indicate that a combined approach based on SNP array and GWAS analyses can be applied to unravel the genetic basis of complex root traits in soybean, and may provide an alternative high-resolution marker strategy to traditional bi-parental mapping. In addition, the identified SNPs, candidate genes, and diverse variations in the root traits of soybean landraces will serve as a valuable basis for further application in genetic studies and the breeding of climate-resilient soybeans characterized by improved root traits.
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30
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Verslues PE, Bailey-Serres J, Brodersen C, Buckley TN, Conti L, Christmann A, Dinneny JR, Grill E, Hayes S, Heckman RW, Hsu PK, Juenger TE, Mas P, Munnik T, Nelissen H, Sack L, Schroeder JI, Testerink C, Tyerman SD, Umezawa T, Wigge PA. Burning questions for a warming and changing world: 15 unknowns in plant abiotic stress. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:67-108. [PMID: 36018271 PMCID: PMC9806664 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present unresolved questions in plant abiotic stress biology as posed by 15 research groups with expertise spanning eco-physiology to cell and molecular biology. Common themes of these questions include the need to better understand how plants detect water availability, temperature, salinity, and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels; how environmental signals interface with endogenous signaling and development (e.g. circadian clock and flowering time); and how this integrated signaling controls downstream responses (e.g. stomatal regulation, proline metabolism, and growth versus defense balance). The plasma membrane comes up frequently as a site of key signaling and transport events (e.g. mechanosensing and lipid-derived signaling, aquaporins). Adaptation to water extremes and rising CO2 affects hydraulic architecture and transpiration, as well as root and shoot growth and morphology, in ways not fully understood. Environmental adaptation involves tradeoffs that limit ecological distribution and crop resilience in the face of changing and increasingly unpredictable environments. Exploration of plant diversity within and among species can help us know which of these tradeoffs represent fundamental limits and which ones can be circumvented by bringing new trait combinations together. Better defining what constitutes beneficial stress resistance in different contexts and making connections between genes and phenotypes, and between laboratory and field observations, are overarching challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Craig Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Lucio Conti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Alexander Christmann
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Erwin Grill
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan 85354, Germany
| | - Scott Hayes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W Heckman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Po-Kai Hsu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Thomas E Juenger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Paloma Mas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Teun Munnik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Green Life Sciences Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam NL-1098XH, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- ARC Center Excellence, Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 6708 PB, Japan
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Leibniz-Institut für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau, Großbeeren 14979, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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31
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Maqbool S, Ahmad S, Kainat Z, Khan MI, Maqbool A, Hassan MA, Rasheed A, He Z. Root system architecture of historical spring wheat cultivars is associated with alleles and transcripts of major functional genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:590. [PMID: 36526965 PMCID: PMC9756485 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated root system architecture (RSA) of a set of 58 historical spring wheat cultivars from Pakistan representing 105 years of selection breeding. The evaluations were carried out under control and water-limited conditions using a high-throughput phenotyping system coupled with RhizoVision Explorer software. The cultivars were classified into three groups based on release year as cultivars released pre-1965, released between 1965 and 2000, and cultivars released post-2000. Under water-limited conditions a decline in 20 out of 25 RSA component traits was observed in pre-1965 cultivars group. Whereas cultivars released after the 1965, so-called green revolution period, showed a decline in 17 traits with significant increments in root length, depth, and steep angle frequency which are important root traits for resource-uptake under water-limited conditions. Similarly, cultivars released after 2000 indicated an increase in the number of roots, depth, diameter, surface area, and steep angle frequency. The coefficient of correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between root depth and yield-related traits under water-limited conditions. We also investigated the effects of green-revolution genes (Rht1) and some phenology-related genes such as DRO1, TaMOR, TaLTPs, TaSus-2B on RSA and identified significant associations of these genes with important root traits. There was strong selection pressure on DRO1 gene in cultivated wheat indicating the allele fixed in modern wheat cultivars is different from landraces. The expression of DRO1, and TaMOR were retrieved from an RNAseq experiment, and results were validated using qRT-PCR. The highest expression of DRO1 and TaMOR was found in Chakwal-50, a rainfed cultivar released in 2008, and MaxiPak-65 released in 1965. We conclude that there is a positive historic change in RSA after 1965 that might be attributed to genetic factors associated with favored RSA traits. Furthermore, we suggest root depth and steep angle as promising traits to withstand water-limited environments and may have implications in selection for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Maqbool
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Suhaib Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zarnishal Kainat
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrar Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ammarah Maqbool
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adeel Hassan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), & CIMMYT-China office, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Awais Rasheed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), & CIMMYT-China office, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), & CIMMYT-China office, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
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32
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Bui KT, Naruse T, Yoshida H, Toda Y, Omori Y, Tsuda M, Kaga A, Yamasaki Y, Tsujimoto H, Ichihashi Y, Hirai M, Fujiwara T, Iwata H, Matsuoka M, Takahashi H, Nakazono M. Effects of irrigation on root growth and development of soybean: A 3-year sandy field experiment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1047563. [PMID: 36589062 PMCID: PMC9795411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1047563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the water use efficiency of crops is an important agricultural goal closely related to the root system -the primary plant organ for water and nutrient acquisition. In an attempt to evaluate the response of root growth and development of soybean to water supply levels, 200 genotypes were grown in a sandy field for 3 years under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, and 14 root traits together with shoot fresh weight and plant height were investigated. Three-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of treatments and years on growth of plants, accounting for more than 80% of the total variability. The response of roots to irrigation was consistent over the years as most root traits were improved by irrigation. However, the actual values varied between years because the growth of plants was largely affected by the field microclimatic conditions (i.e., temperature, sunshine duration, and precipitation). Therefore, the best linear unbiased prediction values for each trait were calculated using the original data. Principal component analysis showed that most traits contributed to principal component (PC) 1, whereas average diameter, the ratio of thin and medium thickness root length to total root length contributed to PC2. Subsequently, we focused on selecting genotypes that exhibited significant improvements in root traits under irrigation than under non-irrigated conditions using the increment (I-index) and relative increment (RI-index) indices calculated for all traits. Finally, we screened for genotypes with high stability and root growth over the 3 years using the multi-trait selection index (MTSI).Six genotypes namely, GmJMC130, GmWMC178, GmJMC092, GmJMC068, GmWMC075, and GmJMC081 from the top 10% of genotypes scoring MTSI less than the selection threshold of 7.04 and 4.11 under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, respectively, were selected. The selected genotypes have great potential for breeding cultivars with improved water usage abilities, meeting the goal of water-saving agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuynh The Bui
- Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Toshiya Naruse
- Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Toda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Omori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Tsuda
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akito Kaga
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamasaki
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | | | | | - Masami Hirai
- Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia
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33
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Kou X, Han W, Kang J. Responses of root system architecture to water stress at multiple levels: A meta-analysis of trials under controlled conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1085409. [PMID: 36570905 PMCID: PMC9780461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1085409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to increasingly severe drought events and roots play vital roles in maintaining plant survival, growth, and reproduction. A large body of literature has investigated the adaptive responses of root traits in various plants to water stress and these studies have been reviewed in certain groups of plant species at a certain scale. Nevertheless, these responses have not been synthesized at multiple levels. This paper screened over 2000 literatures for studies of typical root traits including root growth angle, root depth, root length, root diameter, root dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio, root hair length and density and integrates their drought responses at genetic and morphological scales. The genes, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and hormones that are involved in the regulation of drought response of the root traits were summarized. We then statistically analyzed the drought responses of root traits and discussed the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we highlighted the drought response of 1-D and 2-D root length density (RLD) distribution in the soil profile. This paper will provide a framework for an integrated understanding of root adaptive responses to water deficit at multiple scales and such insights may provide a basis for selection and breeding of drought tolerant crop lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Kou
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Han
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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34
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Lupo Y, Schlisser A, Dong S, Rachmilevitch S, Fait A, Lazarovitch N. Root system response to salt stress in grapevines (Vitis spp.): A link between root structure and salt exclusion. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111460. [PMID: 36122813 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accessing freshwater resources for agriculture becomes more complex due to increasing demands and declining water quality. Alternative water sources, such as saline water, require ad hoc solutions. Therefore, understanding roots' response to saline water is crucial for future agriculture. We examined the response of three grapevine rootstocks (Paulsen 1103, Richter 110 and SO4) to salt stress. The rootstocks were subjected to two salinity treatments: 10 mM and 30 mM NaCl (EC = 2 and 4 ds/m, respectively). Root and shoot samples were taken at the end of the experiment for morphologic and ionomic analyses. The specific root area (SRA) increased in response to salinity for all three rootstocks due to root tissue density and average root diameter reductions. Salinity also led to increased root Na+ and Cl- contents and reduced root K+/Na+ ratio, parallel to increased leaf Cl- but not Na+ contents. SO4 showed improved chloride and sodium exclusion, concomitant with its highest SRA, resulting from the increase in its thin roots' contribution to the total root system surface area. We suggest that enhanced SRA combined with decreased root tissue density and diameter may improve grapevines' salt exclusion by less salt uptake from the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Lupo
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel.
| | - Alon Schlisser
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Shuo Dong
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Naftali Lazarovitch
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
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35
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Aslam MM, Pueyo JJ, Pang J, Yang J, Chen W, Chen H, Waseem M, Li Y, Zhang J, Xu W. Root acid phosphatases and rhizobacteria synergistically enhance white lupin and rice phosphorus acquisition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2449-2465. [PMID: 36066452 PMCID: PMC9706455 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosheath is a belowground area that acts as a communication hub at the root-soil interface to promote water and nutrient acquisition. Certain crops, such as white lupin (Lupinus albus), acquire large amounts of phosphorus (P), owing partially to exudation of acid phosphatases (APases). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria also increase soil P availability. However, potential synergistic effects of root APases and rhizosheath-associated microbiota on P acquisition require further research. In this study, we investigated the roles of root purple APases (PAPs) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in rhizosheath formation and P acquisition under conditions of soil drying (SD) and P treatment (+P: soil with P fertilizer; -P: soil without fertilizer). We expressed purple acid phosphatase12 (LaPAP12) in white lupin and rice (Oryza sativa) plants and analyzed the rhizosheath-associated microbiome. Increased or heterologous LaPAP12 expression promoted APase activity and rhizosheath formation, resulting in increased P acquisition mainly under SD-P conditions. It also increased the abundance of members of the genus Bacillus in the rhizosheath-associated microbial communities of white lupin and rice. We isolated a phosphate-solubilizing, auxin-producing Bacillus megaterium strain from the rhizosheath of white lupin and used this to inoculate white lupin and rice plants. Inoculation promoted rhizosheath formation and P acquisition, especially in plants with increased LaPAP12 expression and under SD-P conditions, suggesting a functional role of the bacteria in alleviating P deficit stress via rhizosheath formation. Together, our results suggest a synergistic enhancing effect of LaPAP12 and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on rhizosheath formation and P acquisition under SD-P conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Haixia Institute of Ecology and Environmental Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - José J Pueyo
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ICA-CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Jiayin Pang
- School of Agriculture and Environment, UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Jinyong Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Haixia Institute of Ecology and Environmental Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Haixia Institute of Ecology and Environmental Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Haixia Institute of Ecology and Environmental Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crops, Haixia Institute of Ecology and Environmental Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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36
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Liu J, Zhi L, Zhang N, Zhang W, Meng D, Batool A, Ren X, Ji J, Niu Y, Li R, Li J, Song L. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the contribution of QMrl-7B to wheat root growth and development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1062575. [PMID: 36457528 PMCID: PMC9706392 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1062575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Roots are the major organs for water and nutrient acquisition and substantially affect plant growth, development and reproduction. Improvements to root system architecture are highly important for the increased yield potential of bread wheat. QMrl-7B, a major stable quantitative trait locus (QTL) that controls maximum root length (MRL), essentially contributes to an improved root system in wheat. To further analyze the biological functions of QMrl-7B in root development, two sets of Triticum aestivum near-isogenic lines (NILs), one with superior QMrl-7B alleles from cultivar Kenong 9204 (KN9204) named NILKN9204 and another with inferior QMrl-7B alleles from cultivar Jing 411 (J411) named NILJ411, were subjected to transcriptomic analysis. Among all the mapped genes analyzed, 4871 genes were identified as being differentially expressed between the pairwise NILs under different nitrogen (N) conditions, with 3543 genes expressed under normal-nitrogen (NN) condition and 2689 genes expressed under low-nitrogen (LN) condition. These genes encode proteins that mainly include N O 3 - transporters, phytohormone signaling components and transcription factors (TFs), indicating the presence of a complex regulatory network involved in root determination. In addition, among the 13524 LN-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected in this study, 4308 and 2463 were specifically expressed in the NILKN9204 and NILJ411, respectively. These DEGs reflect different responses of the two sets of NILs to varying N supplies, which likely involve LN-induced root growth. These results explain the better-developed root system and increased root vitality conferred by the superior alleles of QMrl-7B and provide a deeper understanding of the genetic underpinnings of root traits, pointing to a valuable locus suitable for future breeding efforts for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- The College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Zhi
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- The College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Deyuan Meng
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- The College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aamana Batool
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- The College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- The College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanxiao Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Junming Li
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liqiang Song
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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37
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de Souza Campos PM, Meier S, Morales A, Lavanderos L, Nahuelcura J, Ruiz A, López-García Á, Seguel A. New Insights into the Phosphorus Acquisition Capacity of Chilean Lowland Quinoa Roots Grown under Low Phosphorus Availability. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3043. [PMID: 36432771 PMCID: PMC9695380 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reducing phosphate fertilizer inputs while increasing food nutritional quality has been posited as a major challenge to decrease human undernourishment and ensure food security. In this context, quinoa has emerged as a promising crop due to its ability to tolerate different stress conditions and grow in marginal soils with low nutrient content, in addition to the exceptional nutritional quality of its grains. However, there is scarce information about the phosphorus acquisition capacity of quinoa roots. This work aimed to provide new insights into P acquisition and functional root traits, such as root biomass, rhizosphere pH, carboxylate exudation, and acid phosphatase activity of thirty quinoa genotypes grown under P limiting conditions (7 mg P kg-1). Significant genotypic variation was observed among genotypes, with average P accumulation ranging from 1.2 to 11.8 mg. The shoot biomass production varied more than 14 times among genotypes and was correlated with the P accumulation on shoots (r = 0.91). Despite showing high variability in root traits, only root biomass production highly correlated with P acquisition (r = 0.77), suggesting that root growth/morphology rather than the measured biochemical activity possesses a critical role in the P nutrition of quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. de Souza Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, km 10 camino Cajón-Vilcún s/n, Temuco P.O. Box 929, Chile
| | - Sebastián Meier
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, km 10 camino Cajón-Vilcún s/n, Temuco P.O. Box 929, Chile
| | - Arturo Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, km 10 camino Cajón-Vilcún s/n, Temuco P.O. Box 929, Chile
| | - Laura Lavanderos
- Carrera de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Javiera Nahuelcura
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Antonieta Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Álvaro López-García
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA), Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Alex Seguel
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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P. Pais I, Moreira R, Semedo JN, Reboredo FH, Lidon FC, Coutinho J, Maçãs B, Scotti-Campos P. Phenotypic Diversity of Seminal Root Traits in Bread Wheat Germplasm from Different Origins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2842. [PMID: 36365295 PMCID: PMC9657832 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple crop, and more adapted varieties are needed to ensure productivity under unpredictable stress scenarios resulting from climate changes. In the development of new genotypes, root system traits are essential since roots have a key function in water and nutrient uptake, and root architecture determines the plant's ability to spatially explore the soil resources. Genetic variation in wheat root system may be assessed at the early stages of development. This study evaluates in vitro and at the seedling stage, the genetic diversity of root growth angle (RGA), seminal root number (SRN), and radicle length (RadL) in 30 bread wheat genotypes from different origins and belonging to distinct evolutive or breeding groups. SRN and RadL were analyzed at 1, 2, 3 and 6 days after sowing (DAS) and RGA was measured through the angle between the first pair of seminal roots. A large variability was found in RGA values that ranged from 63° to 122°. Although differences were found between genotypes within the same groups, the narrower angles tended to occur among landraces, while the higher RGA values were observed in advanced lines and Australian varieties. Differences were also observed as regards the SRN (1.0-3.0, 2.7-4.7, 3.2-5.0 and 4.4-6.3 at 1, 2, 3 and 6 DAS, respectively) and RadL (0.1-1.5, 2.1-5.0, 4.0-7.5 and 5.1-13.7 cm at 1, 2, 3 and 6 DAS, respectively). Genetic variability in root traits at seedling stage allows more rapid selection of genotypes better adapted to environmental and soil constraints, necessary to Portuguese Wheat Breeding Program. It will also contribute to the definition of wheat ideotypes with improved performance under Mediterranean climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel P. Pais
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rita Moreira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José N. Semedo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernando H. Reboredo
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernando C. Lidon
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Earth Sciences Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José Coutinho
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Estrada Gil Vaz, Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Benvindo Maçãs
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Estrada Gil Vaz, Ap. 6, 7350-901 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Paula Scotti-Campos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, Av. República, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal
- GeoBioTec Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Campus da Caparica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Smith AG, Han E, Petersen J, Olsen NAF, Giese C, Athmann M, Dresbøll DB, Thorup‐Kristensen K. RootPainter: deep learning segmentation of biological images with corrective annotation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:774-791. [PMID: 35851958 PMCID: PMC9804377 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a powerful tool for plant image analysis, but challenges remain in making them more accessible to researchers without a machine-learning background. We present RootPainter, an open-source graphical user interface based software tool for the rapid training of deep neural networks for use in biological image analysis. We evaluate RootPainter by training models for root length extraction from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) roots in soil, biopore counting, and root nodule counting. We also compare dense annotations with corrective ones that are added during the training process based on the weaknesses of the current model. Five out of six times the models trained using RootPainter with corrective annotations created within 2 h produced measurements strongly correlating with manual measurements. Model accuracy had a significant correlation with annotation duration, indicating further improvements could be obtained with extended annotation. Our results show that a deep-learning model can be trained to a high accuracy for the three respective datasets of varying target objects, background, and image quality with < 2 h of annotation time. They indicate that, when using RootPainter, for many datasets it is possible to annotate, train, and complete data processing within 1 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham George Smith
- Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenHøjbakkegårds Alle 13Tåstrup2630Denmark
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 12100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Eusun Han
- Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenHøjbakkegårds Alle 13Tåstrup2630Denmark
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Jens Petersen
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 12100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Niels Alvin Faircloth Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenHøjbakkegårds Alle 13Tåstrup2630Denmark
| | - Christian Giese
- Department of Agroecology and Organic FarmingUniversity of BonnRegina‐Pacis‐Weg 353113BonnGermany
| | - Miriam Athmann
- Department of Organic Farming and Plant ProductionUniversity of KasselNordbahnhofstr. 1aD‐37213WitzenhausenGermany
| | - Dorte Bodin Dresbøll
- Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenHøjbakkegårds Alle 13Tåstrup2630Denmark
| | - Kristian Thorup‐Kristensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenHøjbakkegårds Alle 13Tåstrup2630Denmark
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Clément C, Schneider HM, Dresbøll DB, Lynch JP, Thorup-Kristensen K. Root and xylem anatomy varies with root length, root order, soil depth and environment in intermediate wheatgrass (Kernza®) and alfalfa. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:367-382. [PMID: 35468194 PMCID: PMC9486898 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Deep roots (i.e. >1 m depth) are important for crops to access water when the topsoil is dry. Root anatomy and hydraulic conductance play important roles in the uptake of soil water, particularly water located deep in the soil. We investigated whether root and xylem anatomy vary as a function of root type, order and length, or with soil depth in roots of two deep-rooted perennial crops: intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Kernza®)] and alfalfa (Medicago sativa). We linked the expression of these anatomical traits to the plants' capacity to take up water from deep soil layers. METHODS Using laser ablation tomography, we compared the roots of the two crops for cortical area, number and size of metaxylem vessels, and their estimated root axial hydraulic conductance (ERAHCe). The deepest roots investigated were located at soil depths of 2.25 and at 3.5 m in the field and in rhizoboxes, respectively. Anatomical differences were characterized along 1-m-long individual roots, among root types and orders, as well as between environmental conditions. KEY RESULTS For both crops, a decrease in the number and diameter, or both, of metaxylem vessels along individual root segments and with soil depth in the field resulted in a decrease in ERAHCe. Alfalfa, with a greater number of metaxylem vessels per root throughout the soil profile and, on average, a 4-fold greater ERAHCe, took up more water from the deep soil layers than intermediate wheatgrass. Root anatomical traits were significantly different across root types, classes and growth conditions. CONCLUSIONS Root anatomical traits are important tools for the selection of crops with enhanced exploitation of deep soil water. The development and breeding of perennial crops for improved subsoil exploitation will be aided by greater understanding of root phenotypes linked to deep root growth and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah M Schneider
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Dorte Bodin Dresbøll
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Wang H, Wu Y, An T, Chen Y. Lateral root elongation enhances nitrogen-use efficiency in maize genotypes at the seedling stage. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5389-5398. [PMID: 35332536 PMCID: PMC9545651 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maize plants show great variation in root morphological response to nitrogen (N) deficit, and such alterations often determine N-use efficiency (NUE) plants. This study assessed genotypic variation in root morphology and NUE in selected 20 maize genotypes with contrasting root system size grown in a semi-hydroponic phenotyping system for 38 days under control (4 mmol L-1 NO3 - ) and low N (LN) (40 μmol L-1 ) for 38 days after transplanting. RESULTS Maize genotypes exhibited different responses to LN stress in each of the 28 measured shoot and root traits. The 20 genotypes were assigned into one of the three groups: N-efficient (eight genotypes), medium (four genotypes), and N-inefficient (eight genotypes), based on shoot dry weight ratio (the ratio of shoot dry weight at LN and control) ± one standard error. In response to LN stress, the N-inefficient genotypes had significant reduction in biomass production by ~58% in shoots and ~64% in roots, while the N-efficient genotypes maintained their biomass. Under LN supply N-efficient genotypes showed a plasticity response that would result in both sparse lateral branching and increased root elongation as a whole or at each growth strata, and N efficiency positively correlated with lateral or axial root elongation and root elongation at different depths. CONCLUTSION The total lateral root length was the main contributor to the improved N foraging and utilization in maize under LN conditions, followed by axial root length. Total lateral root length can be considered in breeding programs for producing maize cultivars with high NUE at the early seedling stage. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F University, and Chinese Academy of SciencesYangling, ShaanxiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yujie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F University, and Chinese Academy of SciencesYangling, ShaanxiChina
| | - Tingting An
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F University, and Chinese Academy of SciencesYangling, ShaanxiChina
| | - Yinglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F University, and Chinese Academy of SciencesYangling, ShaanxiChina
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
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42
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Rebetzke GJ, Zhang H, Ingvordsen CH, Condon AG, Rich SM, Ellis MH. Genotypic variation and covariation in wheat seedling seminal root architecture and grain yield under field conditions. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3247-3264. [PMID: 35925366 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Greater embryo size in a large and carefully phenotyped mapping population was genetically associated with a greater number of longer seminal roots to increase grain yield in droughted field environments. Breeding modification of root architecture is challenging in field environments owing to genetic and phenotypic complexity, and poor repeatability with root sampling. Seeds from a large mapping population varying in embryo size were harvested from a common glasshouse and standardised to a common size before assessing in rolled germination paper at 12 and 20 °C for seedling growth. Differences in genotype means were large and heritabilities high (h2 = 0.55-0.93) indicating strong and repeatable genotypic differences for most root traits. Seminal roots 1 to 3 were produced on all seedlings, whereas growth of seminal roots 4, 5 and 6 was associated with differences in embryo size. Increases in seminal root number from 4 to 6 per plant were strongly, genetically correlated with increases in total seminal length (rg = 0.84, < 0.01). Multivariate analysis confirmed initiation and growth of seminal roots 1, 2 and 3, and of roots 4, 5 and 6 behaved as genetically independent (rPg = 0.15 ns) cohorts. Tails representing extremes in seedling root length and number were associated with significant differences in grain yield of up to 35% in droughted field environments but were not different in irrigated environments. Increases in grain yield were linked to greater lengths of seminal roots 4, 5 and 6 and were largely independent of plant height or development. This is the first report on the genetic relationship of seedling root architecture and embryo size, and potential in selection of seminal root size for accessing deep-soil moisture in droughted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Rebetzke
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - C H Ingvordsen
- Australian Grain Technologies, PO Box 341, Roseworthy, SA, 5371, Australia
| | - A G Condon
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - S M Rich
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 147 Underwood Av, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
| | - M H Ellis
- Formerly CSIRO, Now 8 Avenue Piaton, Villeurbanne, France
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Valle SF, Giroto AS, Dombinov V, Robles-Aguilar AA, Jablonowski ND, Ribeiro C. Struvite-based composites for slow-release fertilization: a case study in sand. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14176. [PMID: 35986201 PMCID: PMC9391495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Struvite (St) recovered from wastewaters is a sustainable option for phosphorus (P) recovery and fertilization, whose solubility is low in water and high in environments characterized by a low pH, such as acidic soils. To broaden the use of struvite in the field, its application as granules is recommended, and thus the way of application should be optimized to control the solubility. In this study struvite slow-release fertilizers were designed by dispersing St particles (25, 50, and 75 wt%) in a biodegradable and hydrophilic matrix of thermoplastic starch (TPS). It was shown that, in citric acid solution (pH = 2), TPS promoted a steadier P-release from St compared to the pure St pattern. In a pH neutral sand, P-diffusion from St-TPS fertilizers was slower than from the positive control of triple superphosphate (TSP). Nevertheless, St-TPS featured comparable maize growth (i.e. plant height, leaf area, and biomass) and similar available P as TSP in sand after 42 days of cultivation. These results indicated that St-TPS slow P release could provide enough P for maize in sand, achieving a desirable agronomic efficiency while also reducing P runoff losses in highly permeable soils.
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Wegner LH. Empowering roots-Some current aspects of root bioenergetics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:853309. [PMID: 36051301 PMCID: PMC9424547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Roots of higher plants provide the shoot with nutrients and water. In exchange, they receive photosynthates, which serve both as energy source and building blocks for maintenance and growth. While studies in plant bioenergetics used to focus on photosynthesis, several more recent findings also aroused or renewed interest in energy conversion and allocation in roots. Root building costs were identified as a long-undervalued trait, which turned out to be highly relevant for stress tolerance and nutrient use efficiency. Reduced building costs per root length (e.g., by aerenchyma formation or by increasing the cell size) are beneficial for exploring the soil for nutrient-rich patches, especially in low-input agrosystems. Also, an apparent mismatch was frequently found between the root energy budget in the form of the ATP pool on the one side and the apparent costs on the other side, particularly the costs of membrane transport under stress conditions, e.g., the Na+ detoxification costs resulting from Na+ sequestration at the plasma membrane. Ion transport across the plasma membrane (and also endomembranes) is coupled to the proton motive force usually believed to be exclusively generated by H+ ATPases. Recently, an alternative mechanism, the biochemical pH clamp, was identified which relies on H+ formation and binding in the apoplast and the cytosol, respectively, driven by metabolism (so-called active buffering). On this background, several aspects of root bioenergetics are discussed. These are (1) root respiration in soil, with a critical view on calorimetric vs. gas exchange measurements; (2) processes of energy conversion in mitochondria with a special focus on the role of the alternative oxidases, which allow adjusting carbon flow through metabolic pathways to membrane transport processes; and (3) energy allocation, in particular to transport across the plasma membrane forming the interface to soil solution. A concluding remark is dedicated to modeling root bioenergetics for optimizing further breeding strategies. Apparent "energy spoilers" may bestow the plant with a yet unidentified advantage only unfolding their beneficial effect under certain environmental conditions.
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He N, Umer MJ, Yuan P, Wang W, Zhu H, Zhao S, Lu X, Xing Y, Gong C, Liu W, Sun X. Expression dynamics of metabolites in diploid and triploid watermelon in response to flooding. PeerJ 2022. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an economically important cucurbitaceous crop worldwide. The productivity of watermelon is affected by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Flooding has significant impacts on the growth of watermelons by causing oxygen deficiency and a loss of agricultural productivity. Currently, we used the triploid and diploid watermelon Zhengzhou No.3 to study the dynamics of metabolites in response to flooding stress. Quantification of metabolites was performed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS at different time intervals i.e., 0, 3, 5 and 7 days under flooding stress. We observed that the activities of oxidants were higher in the diploid watermelon, whereas the higher antioxidant activities in the triploid watermelon makes them more resistant to the flooding stress. We also observed that the root activity and the chlorophyll in the triploid watermelon plants were higher as compared to the diploid watermelon plants. Co-expression network analysis leads to the identification of twenty-four hub metabolites that might be the key metabolites linked to flooding tolerance. Resolving the underlying mechanisms for flooding tolerance and identification of key molecules serving as indicators for breeding criteria are necessary for developing flooding-resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan He
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Pingli Yuan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongju Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shengjie Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuqiang Lu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chengsheng Gong
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenge Liu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaowu Sun
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Smoleń S, Kowalska I, Skoczylas Ł, Tabaszewska M, Pitala J, Mrożek J, Kováčik P. Effectiveness of enriching lettuce with iodine using 5-iodosalicylic and 3,5-diiodosalicylic acids and the chemical composition of plants depending on the type of soil in a pot experiment. Food Chem 2022; 382:132347. [PMID: 35151013 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is a beneficial element for humans, animals and plants. This study was a comparison of the effectiveness of iodosalicylate uptake by lettuce. The experiment included two sub-blocks: organic soil and mineral soil with the addition of the same fertigation of plants (8 times every 7 days) with 10 µM solutions (100 mL/per one plant/one application) of potassium iodate (KIO3), salicylic acid (SA) alone or together with KIO3, 5-iodosalicylic acid (5-ISA) or 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (3,5-diISA). None of the tested iodine compounds negatively affected the yield of lettuce. When growing plants on mineral soil, plants accumulated more iodine in the leaves than plants grown on peat substrate. The use of 5-ISA allowed for achieving better efficiency of plant biofortification in iodine than the application of KIO3 and 3,5-diISA. The type of soil significantly modified the chemical composition of lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Smoleń
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Iwona Kowalska
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Skoczylas
- Department of Plant Product Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Tabaszewska
- Department of Plant Product Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Pitala
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Mrożek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Peter Kováčik
- Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia.
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Yang F, Shi Y, Zhao M, Cheng B, Li X. ZmIAA5 regulates maize root growth and development by interacting with ZmARF5 under the specific binding of ZmTCP15/16/17. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13710. [PMID: 35855434 PMCID: PMC9288822 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a type of endogenous plant hormone with a low concentration in plants, but it plays an important role in their growth and development. The AUX/IAA gene family was found to be an early sensitive auxin gene with a complicated way of regulating growth and development in plants. The regulation of root growth and development by AUX/IAA family genes has been reported in Arabidopsis, rice and maize. Results In this study, subcellular localization indicated that ZmIAA1-ZmIAA6 primarily played a role in the nucleus. A thermogram analysis showed that AUX/IAA genes were highly expressed in the roots, which was also confirmed by the maize tissue expression patterns. In maize overexpressing ZmIAA5, the length of the main root, the number of lateral roots, and the stalk height at the seedling stage were significantly increased compared with those of the wild type, while the EMS mutant zmiaa5 was significantly reduced. The total number of roots and the dry weight of maize overexpressing ZmIAA5 at the mature stage were also significantly increased compared with those of the wild type, while those of the mutant zmiaa5 was significantly reduced. Yeast one-hybrid experiments showed that ZmTCP15/16/17 could specifically bind to the ZmIAA5 promoter region. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and yeast two-hybridization indicated an interaction between ZmIAA5 and ZmARF5. Conclusions Taken together, the results of this study indicate that ZmIAA5 regulates maize root growth and development by interacting with ZmARF5 under the specific binding of ZmTCP15/16/17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Yang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yutian Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Manli Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Lv W, He X, Guo H, Lan H, Jiao Y, Li L, Lian Y, Wang Z, Xin Z, Ren Y, Lin T. Genome-Wide Identification of TaSAUR Gene Family Members in Hexaploid Wheat and Functional Characterization of TaSAUR66-5B in Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147574. [PMID: 35886923 PMCID: PMC9319360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive input of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes a great waste of resources but brings about a series of ecological and environmental problems. Although Small Auxin Up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) participate in diverse biological processes, the function of SAURs in the nitrogen starvation response has not been well-studied. Here, we identified 308 TaSAURs in wheat and divided them into 10 subfamilies. The promoter regions of most TaSAURs contain hormone responsive elements, and their expression levels change under the treatment of different hormones, such as IAA, MeJA, and ABA. Interestingly, overexpression of one of the TaSAUR family members, a nitrogen starvation responsive gene, TaSAUR66-5B, can promote the growth of Arabidopsis and wheat roots. In addition, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in Arabidopsis up-regulates the expression levels of auxin biosynthesis related genes, suggesting that overexpression TaSAUR66-5B may promote root growth by increasing the biosynthesis of auxin. Furthermore, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in wheat can increase the biomass and grain yields of transgenic plants, as well as the nitrogen concentration and accumulation of both shoots and grains, especially under low nitrogen conditions. This study provides important genomic information of the TaSAUR gene family and lays a foundation for elucidating the functions of TaSAURs in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Xue He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Haojuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Haibin Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yanqing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Le Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yanhao Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zeyu Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yongzhe Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Tongbao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (W.L.); (H.G.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (L.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.X.)
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (T.L.)
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Li A, Zhu L, Xu W, Liu L, Teng G. Recent advances in methods for in situ root phenotyping. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13638. [PMID: 35795176 PMCID: PMC9252182 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Roots assist plants in absorbing water and nutrients from soil. Thus, they are vital to the survival of nearly all land plants, considering that plants cannot move to seek optimal environmental conditions. Crop species with optimal root system are essential for future food security and key to improving agricultural productivity and sustainability. Root systems can be improved and bred to acquire soil resources efficiently and effectively. This can also reduce adverse environmental impacts by decreasing the need for fertilization and fresh water. Therefore, there is a need to improve and breed crop cultivars with favorable root system. However, the lack of high-throughput root phenotyping tools for characterizing root traits in situ is a barrier to breeding for root system improvement. In recent years, many breakthroughs in the measurement and analysis of roots in a root system have been made. Here, we describe the major advances in root image acquisition and analysis technologies and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Furthermore, we look forward to the future development direction and trend of root phenotyping methods. This review aims to aid researchers in choosing a more appropriate method for improving the root system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchang Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Lingxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Liantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Guifa Teng
- School of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultrual University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Noh E, Fallen B, Payero J, Narayanan S. Parsimonious root systems and better root distribution can improve biomass production and yield of soybean. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270109. [PMID: 35737677 PMCID: PMC9223306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the acquisition of belowground resources has been identified as an opportunity for improving soybean productivity worldwide. Root system architecture is gaining interest as a selection criterion in breeding programs for enhancing soil resource acquisition and developing climate-resilient varieties. Here we are presenting two novel characteristics of soybean root system architecture that improve aboveground growth and yield. Eleven selected soybean genotypes were tested under rain-fed conditions in 2019 and 2020 at two locations in South Carolina, in which one of the locations was characterized by compacted soils. The elite SC breeding line SC07-1518RR, exotic pedigree line N09-12854, and slow wilting line N09-13890 were superior genotypes in terms of biomass production, seed yield, and/or water use efficiency. Genotypes N09-12854 and N09-13890 demonstrated reduced root development (based on total root count and length), likely to restrict belowground growth and allocate more resources for shoot growth. This characteristic, which can be referred as a parsimonious root phenotype, might be advantageous for soybean improvement in high-input production systems (characterized by adequate fertilizer application and soil fertility) that exist in many parts of the world. Genotype SC07-1518RR exhibited a similar strategy: while it maintained its root system at an intermediate size through reduced levels of total root count and length, it selectively distributed more roots at deeper depths (53-70 cm). The increased root distribution of SC07-1518RR at deeper depths in compacted soil indicates its root penetrability and suitability for clayey soils with high penetration resistance. The beneficial root phenotypes identified in this study (parsimonious root development and selective root distribution in deeper depths) and the genotypes that possessed those phenotypes (SC07-1518RR, N09-12854, and N09-13890) will be useful for breeding programs in developing varieties for optimal, drought, and compacted-soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Noh
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Fallen
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jose Payero
- Edisto Research and Education Center, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Blackville, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sruthi Narayanan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
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