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Earhart AP, Kulkarni HS. Monocytes: See One Queuing Local Adaptive Immune Responses to Respiratory Viruses. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:259-261. [PMID: 38717817 PMCID: PMC11376242 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0195ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Earhart
- John T. Milliken Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- John T. Milliken Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis, Missouri
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2
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Agioti S, Zaravinos A. Immune Cytolytic Activity and Strategies for Therapeutic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3624. [PMID: 38612436 PMCID: PMC11011457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral immune cytolytic activity (CYT), calculated as the geometric mean of granzyme-A (GZMA) and perforin-1 (PRF1) expression, has emerged as a critical factor in cancer immunotherapy, with significant implications for patient prognosis and treatment outcomes. Immune checkpoint pathways, the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME), antigen presentation, and metabolic pathways regulate CYT. Here, we describe the various methods with which we can assess CYT. The detection and analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry provide important information about immune cell populations within the TME. Gene expression profiling and spatial analysis techniques, such as multiplex immunofluorescence and imaging mass cytometry allow the study of CYT in the context of the TME. We discuss the significant clinical implications that CYT has, as its increased levels are associated with positive clinical outcomes and a favorable prognosis. Moreover, CYT can be used as a prognostic biomarker and aid in patient stratification. Altering CYT through the different methods targeting it, offers promising paths for improving treatment responses. Overall, understanding and modulating CYT is critical for improving cancer immunotherapy. Research into CYT and the factors that influence it has the potential to transform cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Agioti
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
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3
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Liu SV, Mok TSK, Nabet BY, Mansfield AS, De Boer R, Losonczy G, Sugawara S, Dziadziuszko R, Krzakowski M, Smolin A, Hochmair MJ, Garassino MC, Gay CM, Heymach JV, Byers LA, Lam S, Cardona A, Morris S, Adler L, Shames DS, Reck M. Clinical and molecular characterization of long-term survivors with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer treated with first-line atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide. Lung Cancer 2023; 186:107418. [PMID: 37931445 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the Phase I/III IMpower133 study, first-line atezolizumab plus carboplatin and etoposide (CP/ET) treatment for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) significantly improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival versus placebo plus CP/ET. We explored patient and disease characteristics associated with long-term survival in IMpower133, and associations of differential gene expression and SCLC-A (ASCL1-driven), SCLC-N (NEUROD1-driven), SCLC-P (POU2F3-driven), and SCLC-inflamed (SCLC-I) transcriptional subtypes with long-term survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated ES-SCLC were randomized 1:1 to four 21-day cycles of CP/ET with atezolizumab or placebo. Long-term survivors (LTS) were defined as patients who lived ≥ 18 months post randomization. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the odds of living ≥ 18 months. Differential gene expression was analyzed using RNA-sequencing data in LTS and non-LTS. OS was assessed by T-effector and B-cell gene signature expression. Distribution of SCLC transcriptional subtypes was assessed in LTS and non-LTS. RESULTS More LTS were in the atezolizumab arm (34%) than in the placebo arm (20%). The odds ratio for living ≥ 18 months in the atezolizumab arm versus the placebo arm was 2.1 (P < 0.03). Enhanced immune-related signaling was seen in LTS in both arms. Exploratory OS analyses showed atezolizumab treatment benefit versus placebo across T-effector and B-cell gene signature expression subgroups. A higher proportion of LTS than non-LTS in both arms had the SCLC-I subtype; this difference was particularly pronounced in the atezolizumab arm. CONCLUSION These exploratory analyses suggest that long-term survival is more likely with atezolizumab than placebo in ES-SCLC, confirming the treatment benefit of the IMpower133 regimen. CLINICALTRIAL gov Identifier: NCT02763579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V Liu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Tony S K Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | - György Losonczy
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Rafal Dziadziuszko
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and Early Phase Clinical Trials Center, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzakowski
- Maria Sklodowska Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexey Smolin
- Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maximilian J Hochmair
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Vienna North Hospital Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina C Garassino
- The University of Chicago Department of Hematology/Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - Leah Adler
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Reck
- Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center of Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
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4
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Lujan RA, Pei L, Shannon JP, Dábilla N, Dolan PT, Hickman HD. Widespread and dynamic expression of granzyme C by skin-resident antiviral T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1236595. [PMID: 37809077 PMCID: PMC10552530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1236595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
After recognition of cognate antigen (Ag), effector CD8+ T cells secrete serine proteases called granzymes in conjunction with perforin, allowing granzymes to enter and kill target cells. While the roles for some granzymes during antiviral immune responses are well characterized, the function of others, such as granzyme C and its human ortholog granzyme H, is still unclear. Granzyme C is constitutively expressed by mature, cytolytic innate lymphoid 1 cells (ILC1s). Whether other antiviral effector cells also produce granzyme C and whether it is continually expressed or responsive to the environment is unknown. To explore this, we analyzed granzyme C expression in different murine skin-resident antiviral lymphocytes. At steady-state, dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) expressed granzyme C while dermal γδ T cells did not. CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) generated in response to cutaneous viral infection with the poxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV) also expressed granzyme C. Both DETCs and virus-specific CD8+ TRM upregulated granzyme C upon local VACV infection. Continual Ag exposure was not required for maintained TRM expression of granzyme C, although re-encounter with cognate Ag boosted expression. Additionally, IL-15 treatment increased granzyme C expression in both DETCs and TRM. Together, our data demonstrate that granzyme C is widely expressed by antiviral T cells in the skin and that expression is responsive to both environmental stimuli and TCR engagement. These data suggest that granzyme C may have functions other than killing in tissue-resident lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon A. Lujan
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Luxin Pei
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John P. Shannon
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nathânia Dábilla
- Quantitative Virology and Evolution Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Patrick T. Dolan
- Quantitative Virology and Evolution Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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5
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Lee EJ, Choi JG, Han JH, Kim YW, Lim J, Chung HS. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Immuno-Oncology Characteristics of Tumor-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes in Photodynamic Therapy-Treated Colorectal Cancer Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13913. [PMID: 37762216 PMCID: PMC10531263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promise in reducing metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Modulating tumor-infiltrating immune cells by PDT may be achieved, which requires the characterization of immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Here, we determined the effect of Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-mediated PDT on tumor-infiltrating T cells using scRNA-seq analysis. We used a humanized programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) MC38 cell allograft mouse model, considering its potential as an immunogenic cancer model and in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade. PDT treatment significantly reduced tumor growth in mice containing hPD-1/PD-L1 MC38 tumors. scRNA-seq analysis revealed that the PDT group had increased levels of CD8+ activated T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, but decreased levels of exhausted CD8+ T cells. PDT treatment also enhanced the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into tumors and increased the production of key effector molecules, including granzyme B and perforin 1. These findings provide insight into immune-therapeutic modulation for CRC patients and highlight the potential of PDT in overcoming immune evasion and enhancing antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Lee
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Jung Ho Han
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.); (J.H.H.)
| | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (Y.-W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Junmo Lim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (Y.-W.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Hwan-Suck Chung
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.L.); (J.-G.C.); (J.H.H.)
- Korean Convergence Medical Science Major, University of Science and Technology (UST), KIOM Campus, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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6
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Modur V, Muhammad B, Yang JQ, Zheng Y, Komurov K, Guo F. Mechanism of inert inflammation in an immune checkpoint blockade-resistant tumor subtype bearing transcription elongation defects. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112364. [PMID: 37043352 PMCID: PMC10562518 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) correlates with tumor-infiltrating cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) prior to treatment. However, many of these inflamed tumors resist ICB through unknown mechanisms. We show that tumors with transcription elongation deficiencies (TEdef+), which we previously reported as being resistant to ICB in mouse models and the clinic, have high baseline CTLs. We show that high baseline CTLs in TEdef+ tumors result from aberrant activation of the nucleic acid sensing-TBK1-CCL5/CXCL9 signaling cascade, which results in an immunosuppressive microenvironment with elevated regulatory T cells and exhausted CTLs. ICB therapy of TEdef+ tumors fail to increase CTL infiltration and suppress tumor growth in both experimental and clinical settings, suggesting that TEdef+, along with surrogate markers of tumor immunogenicity such as tumor mutational burden and CTLs, should be considered in the decision process for patient immunotherapy indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Modur
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Belal Muhammad
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jun-Qi Yang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | | | - Fukun Guo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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7
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Rafii S, Ghouzlani A, Naji O, Ait Ssi S, Kandoussi S, Lakhdar A, Badou A. A 2AR as a Prognostic Marker and a Potential Immunotherapy Target in Human Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6688. [PMID: 37047660 PMCID: PMC10095519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are considered one of the most malignant tumors in the body. The immune system has the ability to control the initiation and development of tumors, including gliomas. Thus, immune cells find themselves controlled by various molecular pathways, inhibiting their activation, such as the immunosuppressive adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR). Our objective was to establish the expression profile and role of A2AR at the transcriptomic level, using real-time RT-PCR in Moroccan glioma patients, in addition to TCGA and CGGA cohorts. The real-time RT-PCR results in Moroccan patients showed that high expression of this gene was associated with poor survival in males. Our study on the CGGA cohort corroborated these results. In addition, there was a positive association of A2AR with T-cell exhaustion genes. A2AR also correlated strongly with genes that are primarily enriched in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix interactions, inducing epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and glioma growth. However, in the TCGA cohort, the A2AR showed results that were different from the two previously examined cohorts. In fact, this gene was instead linked to a good prognosis in patients with the astrocytoma histological type. The correlation and enrichment results reinforced the prognostic role of A2AR in this TCGA cohort, in which its high expression was shown to be related to lymphocyte differentiation and a successful cytolytic response, suggesting a more efficient anti-tumor immune response. Correlations and differential analyses based on A2AR gene expression, to understand the cause of the association of this gene with two different prognoses (CGGA males and TCGA Astrocytoma), showed that the overexpression of A2AR in Chinese male patients could be associated with the overexpression of extracellular adenosine, which binds to A2AR to induce immunosuppression and consequently a poor prognosis. However, in the second group (TCGA astrocytomas), the overexpression of the gene could be associated with an adenosine deficiency, and therefore this receptor does not undergo activation. The absence of A2AR activation in these patients may have protected them from immunosuppression, which could reflect the good prognosis. A2AR can be considered a promising therapeutic target in male CGGA and Moroccan patients with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Rafii
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Amina Ghouzlani
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Oumayma Naji
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Saadia Ait Ssi
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | - Sarah Kandoussi
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
| | | | - Abdallah Badou
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathologies Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20000, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco and Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca 82403, Morocco
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Schaible P, Bethge W, Lengerke C, Haraszti RA. RNA Therapeutics for Improving CAR T-cell Safety and Efficacy. Cancer Res 2023; 83:354-362. [PMID: 36512627 PMCID: PMC7614194 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have recently emerged as potent tools in the fight against cancer, with promising therapeutic efficacy against hematological malignancies. However, several limitations hamper their widespread clinical use, including availability of target antigen, severe toxic effects, primary and secondary resistance, heterogeneous quality of autologous T cells, variable persistence, and low activity against solid tumors. Development of allogeneic off-the-shelf CAR T cells could help address some of these limitations but is impeded by alloimmunity with either rejection and limited expansion of allo-CAR T cells or CAR T cells versus host reactions. RNA therapeutics, such as small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides, are able to silence transcripts in a sequence-specific and proliferation-sensitive way, which may offer a way to overcome some of the challenges facing CAR T-cell development and clinical utility. Here, we review how different RNA therapeutics or a combination of RNA therapeutics and genetic engineering could be harnessed to improve the safety and efficacy of autologous and allogeneic CAR T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schaible
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bethge
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reka Agnes Haraszti
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Gao Y, Li L, Hu X, Zhang W, Li Y. Interleukin-35 has a Protective Role in Infectious Mononucleosis-Induced Liver Inflammation Probably by Inhibiting CD8 + T Cell Function. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:25. [PMID: 36219249 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-35 plays an immunosuppressive role in infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. However, IL-35 expression and its regulation of CD8+ T cells in infectious mononucleosis (IM) are not fully understood. In this study, three groups of participants were compared, including twenty-three patients of IM without liver inflammation, twenty-eight patients of IM with liver inflammation, and twenty-one controls. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated. CD8+ T cells were purified. Plasma IL-35 was measured by ELISA. PBMCs and CD8+ T cells were stimulated with recombinant human IL-35 in vitro. Perforin and granzyme B secretion was assessed by ELISPOT. Immune checkpoint molecule expression was investigated by flow cytometry. CD8+ T cells were co-cultured with HepG2 cells in direct contact and indirect contact manner. The cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells was calculated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release and proinflammatory cytokine expression. There was no significant difference in plasma IL-35 levels between patients with IM without liver inflammation and the controls, but the IL-35 level was notably increased in patients with IM who presented with liver inflammation and negatively correlated with aminotransferase. CD8+ T cells in patients with IM with liver inflammation showed stronger cytotoxicity. IL-35 stimulation inhibited CD8+ T cell-induced target cell death in patients with IM, mainly through suppression of IFN-γ/TNF-α secretion and elevation of immune checkpoint molecule expression, but did not affect perforin or granzyme B secretion. The current data indicated that IL-35 dampened the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells in patients with IM probably via repression of cytokine secretion. Elevated IL-35 may protect against CD8+ T cell-induced liver inflammation in patients with IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xingxing Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, 256 West Youyi Rd, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi Province, China.
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10
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Hartley GE, Edwards ESJ, O’Hehir RE, van Zelm MC. New insights into human immune memory from SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Allergy 2022; 77:3553-3566. [PMID: 36048132 PMCID: PMC9538469 DOI: 10.1111/all.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Since early 2020, the world has been embroiled in an ongoing viral pandemic with SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants resulting in mass morbidity and an estimated 6 million deaths globally. The scientific community pivoted rapidly, providing unique and innovative means to identify infected individuals, technologies to evaluate immune responses to infection and vaccination, and new therapeutic strategies to treat infected individuals. Never before has immunology been so critically at the forefront of combatting a global pandemic. It has now become evident that not just antibody responses, but formation and durability of immune memory cells following vaccination are associated with protection against severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the emergence of variants of concern (VoC) highlight the need for immunological markers to quantify the protective capacity of Wuhan-based vaccines. Thus, harnessing and modulating the immune response is key to successful vaccination and treatment of disease. We here review the latest knowledge about immune memory generation and durability following natural infection and vaccination, and provide insights into the attributes of immune memory that may protect from emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma E. Hartley
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Emily S. J. Edwards
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robyn E. O’Hehir
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology ServiceAlfred HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Menno C. van Zelm
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology ServiceAlfred HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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11
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Liu S, Zhang Q, Liu W, Huang X. Prediction of Prognosis in Patients With Endometrial Carcinoma and Immune Microenvironment Estimation Based on Ferroptosis-Related Genes. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:916689. [PMID: 35911966 PMCID: PMC9334791 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.916689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis, a form of non-apoptotic cell death, has aroused worldwide interest in cancer researchers. However, the current study about the correlation between ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and endometrial cancer (EC) remains limited. Methods: First, the transcriptome profiling and clinical data of EC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) program as the training group and testing group, respectively. FRGs were acquired through literature mining. Then, we used R 4.1.1 software to screen the differently expressed FRGs from TCGA, which was also connected with the prognosis of EC patients. Subsequently, the risk score of each tumor sample was identified by LASSO regression analysis, and we classified these samples into the high- and low-risk groups in the light of the median risk score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed to assess the accuracy of this signature. Significantly, the data from CPTAC was used to validate the prediction model externally. Furthermore, we evaluated the immune microenvironment in this model via single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Results: Among the 150 FRGs, 6 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on TCGA had a relationship with the prognosis of EC patients, namely, TP53, AIFM2, ATG7, TLR4, PANX1 and MDM2. The survival curve indicated a higher survival probability in the low-risk group. Moreover, the FRGs-based signature acted well in the prediction of overall survival (OS). The results of external verification confirmed the prediction model we established. Finally, ssGSEA revealed significant differences in the abundance of 16 immune cells infiltration and the activity of 13 immune functions between different risk groups. Conclusion: We identified a novel ferroptosis-related gene signature which could concisely predict the prognosis and immunotherapy in EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouze Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Department of Pain, Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xianghua Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Xianghua Huang,
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12
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Yuan F, Wang Y, Ma C. Current WHO Guidelines and the Critical Role of Genetic Parameters in the Classification of Glioma: Opportunities for Immunotherapy. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2022; 23:188-198. [PMID: 35182297 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT In the 5 years since the fourth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) (revised) was released, the development of targeted sequencing and omics technology has helped researchers in the field of neuro-oncology to identify some new tumor types in clinical practice, as well as a series of genetic parameters related to tumor occurrence and development, poor prognosis, treatment response, etc. These findings not only provide basic knowledge for the classification of glioma, but also promote the progress of the treatment of gliomas. As a revolution in cancer treatment, immunotherapy has become a promising strategy since the pioneering discovery of lymphatics in the CNS. The advancement and clinical application of immunotherapy have strengthened the demand for accurate classification of glioma. In June 2021, the WHO and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) published the fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the CNS. The fifth edition focuses on advancing the role of genetic parameters in the classification of glioma and divides glioma into more biologically and molecularly defined entities, with better natural history characteristics, and introduced new tumor types and subtypes, especially in the pediatric population. Most importantly, these updated classifications will enable clinicians to better assess the prognosis and formulate the optimal treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingshuai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Wei X, Deng W, Dong Z, Luo Y, Hu X, Zhang J, Xie Z, Zheng T, Tan Y, Tang Z, Li H, Na N. Redox Metabolism-Associated Molecular Classification of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5831247. [PMID: 35096270 PMCID: PMC8799361 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5831247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma. Redox metabolism has been recognized as the hallmark of cancer. But the concrete role of redox-related genes in patient stratification of ccRCC remains unknown. Herein, we aimed to characterize the molecular features of ccRCC based on the redox gene expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differentially expressed redox genes (DERGs) and vital genes in metabolism regulation were identified and analyzed in the ccRCC. Consensus clustering was performed to divide patients into three clusters (C1, C2, and C3) based on 139 redox genes with median FPKM value > 1. We analyzed the correlation of clusters with clinicopathological characteristics, immune infiltration, gene mutation, and response to immunotherapy. Subclass C1 was metabolic active with moderate prognosis and associated with glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. C2 had intermediate metabolic activity with worse prognosis and correlated with more tumor mutation burden, neoantigen, and aneuploidy, indicating possible drug sensitivities towards immune checkpoint inhibitors. Metabolic exhausted subtype C3 showed high cytolytic activity score, suggesting better prognosis than C1 and C2. Moreover, the qRT-PCR was performed to verify the expression of downregulated DERGs including ALDH6A1, ALDH1L1, GLRX5, ALDH1A3, and GSTM3, and upregulated SHMT1 in ccRCC. Overall, our study provides an insight into the characteristics of molecular classification of ccRCC patients based on redox genes, thereby deepening the understanding of heterogeneity of ccRCC and allowing prediction of prognosis of ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Wei
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Weiming Deng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Urology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhanwen Dong
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - You Luo
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhenwei Xie
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Tong Zheng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuqin Tan
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zuofu Tang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ning Na
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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14
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Newell F, Pires da Silva I, Johansson PA, Menzies AM, Wilmott JS, Addala V, Carlino MS, Rizos H, Nones K, Edwards JJ, Lakis V, Kazakoff SH, Mukhopadhyay P, Ferguson PM, Leonard C, Koufariotis LT, Wood S, Blank CU, Thompson JF, Spillane AJ, Saw RPM, Shannon KF, Pearson JV, Mann GJ, Hayward NK, Scolyer RA, Waddell N, Long GV. Multiomic profiling of checkpoint inhibitor-treated melanoma: Identifying predictors of response and resistance, and markers of biological discordance. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:88-102.e7. [PMID: 34951955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We concurrently examine the whole genome, transcriptome, methylome, and immune cell infiltrates in baseline tumors from 77 patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 with or without anti-CTLA-4. We show that high tumor mutation burden (TMB), neoantigen load, expression of IFNγ-related genes, programmed death ligand expression, low PSMB8 methylation (therefore high expression), and T cells in the tumor microenvironment are associated with response to immunotherapy. No specific mutation correlates with therapy response. A multivariable model combining the TMB and IFNγ-related gene expression robustly predicts response (89% sensitivity, 53% specificity, area under the curve [AUC], 0.84); tumors with high TMB and a high IFNγ signature show the best response to immunotherapy. This model validates in an independent cohort (80% sensitivity, 59% specificity, AUC, 0.79). Except for a JAK3 loss-of-function mutation, for patients who did not respond as predicted there is no obvious biological mechanism that clearly explained their outlier status, consistent with intratumor and intertumor heterogeneity in response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Ines Pires da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Cancer Centre, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2148, Australia
| | - Peter A Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Venkateswar Addala
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Jarem J Edwards
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lakis
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Stephen H Kazakoff
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | | | - Peter M Ferguson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Conrad Leonard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | | | - Scott Wood
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Christian U Blank
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia; Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Andrew J Spillane
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Robyn P M Saw
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia; Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Kerwin F Shannon
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia; Department of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia.
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15
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Haehnel S, Rade M, Kaiser N, Reiche K, Horn A, Loeffler D, Blumert C, Rapp F, Horn F, Meixensberger J, Renner C, Mueller W, Gaunitz F, Bechmann I, Winter K. RNA sequencing of glioblastoma tissue slice cultures reveals the effects of treatment at the transcriptional level. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 12:480-493. [PMID: 34923780 PMCID: PMC8804611 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in cancer research is finding models that closely resemble tumors within patients. Human tissue slice cultures are a promising approach to provide a model of the patient's tumor biology ex vivo. Recently, it was shown that these slices can be successfully analyzed by whole transcriptome sequencing as well as automated histochemistry, increasing their usability as preclinical model. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis and little is known about its genetic background and heterogeneity regarding therapy success. In this study, tissue from the tumors of 25 patients with primary GBM was processed into slice cultures and treated with standard therapy (irradiation and temozolomide). Total RNA sequencing and automated histochemistry were performed to enable analysis of treatment effects at a transcriptional and histological level. Slice cultures from long‐term survivors (overall survival [OS] > 24 months) exhibited more apoptosis than cultures from patients with shorter OS. Proliferation within these slices was slightly increased in contrast to other groups, but not significantly. Among all samples, 58 protein‐coding genes were upregulated and 32 downregulated in treated vs. untreated slice cultures. In general, an upregulation of DNA damage‐related and cell cycle checkpoint genes as well as enrichment of genotoxicity pathways and p53‐dependent signaling was found after treatment. Overall, the current study reproduces knowledge from former studies regarding the feasibility of transcriptomic analyses and automated histology in tissue slice cultures. We further demonstrate that the experimental data merge with the clinical follow‐up of the patients, which improves the applicability of our model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Haehnel
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Rade
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Kaiser
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Reiche
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dennis Loeffler
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Conny Blumert
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Friedemann Horn
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute of Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Wolf Mueller
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Gaunitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karsten Winter
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Wang Q, Zhang W, Guo Y, Li Y, Fu K. Development of an immune-related signature for predicting survival outcome and immunotherapy response in osteosarcoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:24155-24170. [PMID: 34747719 PMCID: PMC8610143 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone cancer, mainly diagnosed in children and adolescents. So far, no reliable molecular biomarkers have been identified to effectively evaluate OS prognosis and immune infiltration. Herein, we curated transcriptome profiles and clinical information from the publicly available OS cohorts to establish an immune-related prognostic signature. Besides, immunotherapeutic cohorts of urothelial cancer and melanoma patients were also employed to infer immunotherapy prediction roles of the identified signature. Lymphocytes infiltration, immune response-related pathways and signatures in the microenvironment were assessed according to distinct risk subgroups. Based on the univariate Cox analysis and further feature selection implemented by the LASSO regression model in the TARGET cohort, a 21-immune-gene signature was identified by combing the expression values and corresponding coefficients. We observed that the low-risk score of this signature was significantly linked with the preferable survival outcome (Log-rank test P < 0.001). The consistent results of better prognoses of the low-risk group were also obtained in subsequent two validation cohorts. Immunology analyses showed that favorable immune infiltration and elevated enrichment of immune response signals may contribute to the better outcome of the low-risk OS subgroup. The immunotherapeutic efficacy analyses demonstrated that low-risk patients harbored significantly enhanced response rates and improved immunotherapy survival outcomes. Together, our established signature could evaluate survival risk and represent the immune microenvironment status of OS, which promotes precision treatment and provides a potential biomarker for prognosis prediction and immunotherapy efficacy assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, Key Laboratory of Medicine and Health of Shandong Province, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Health Statistics, Key Laboratory of Medicine and Health of Shandong Province, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Yuxian Guo
- Department of Health Statistics, Key Laboratory of Medicine and Health of Shandong Province, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Kaifeng Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261061, China
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17
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Liu S, Knochelmann HM, Lomeli SH, Hong A, Richardson M, Yang Z, Lim RJ, Wang Y, Dumitras C, Krysan K, Timmers C, Romeo MJ, Krieg C, O’Quinn EC, Horton JD, Dubinett SM, Paulos CM, Neskey DM, Lo RS. Response and recurrence correlates in individuals treated with neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy for resectable oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100411. [PMID: 34755131 PMCID: PMC8561238 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade may be efficacious in some individuals with high-risk, resectable oral cavity head and neck cancer. To explore correlates of response patterns to neoadjuvant nivolumab treatment and post-surgical recurrences, we analyzed longitudinal tumor and blood samples in a cohort of 12 individuals displaying 33% responsiveness. Pretreatment tumor-based detection of FLT4 mutations and PTEN signature enrichment favors response, and high tumor mutational burden improves recurrence-free survival. In contrast, preexisting and/or acquired mutations (in CDKN2A, YAP1, or JAK2) correlate with innate resistance and/or tumor recurrence. Immunologically, tumor response after therapy entails T cell receptor repertoire diversification in peripheral blood and intratumoral expansion of preexisting T cell clones. A high ratio of regulatory T to T helper 17 cells in pretreatment blood predicts low T cell receptor repertoire diversity in pretreatment blood, a low cytolytic T cell signature in pretreatment tumors, and innate resistance. Our study provides a molecular framework to advance neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy for individuals with resectable head and neck cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/immunology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Janus Kinase 2/genetics
- Janus Kinase 2/immunology
- Mouth Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/immunology
- Mouth Neoplasms/surgery
- Mutation
- Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery
- Nivolumab/therapeutic use
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics
- PTEN Phosphohydrolase/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
- Treatment Outcome
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3/immunology
- YAP-Signaling Proteins/genetics
- YAP-Signaling Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixue Liu
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hannah M. Knochelmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shirley H. Lomeli
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aayoung Hong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mary Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Zhentao Yang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Raymond J. Lim
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Camelia Dumitras
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Martin J. Romeo
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Carsten Krieg
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. O’Quinn
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Joshua D. Horton
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Steve M. Dubinett
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David M. Neskey
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Roger S. Lo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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18
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Oshi M, Kawaguchi T, Yan L, Peng X, Qi Q, Tian W, Schulze A, McDonald KA, Narayanan S, Young J, Liu S, Morris LGT, Chan TA, Kalinski P, Matsuyama R, Otsuji E, Endo I, Takabe K. Immune cytolytic activity is associated with reduced intra-tumoral genetic heterogeneity and with better clinical outcomes in triple negative breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3628-3644. [PMID: 34354864 PMCID: PMC8332854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the functional aspects if the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), such as the recently introduced cytolytic activity score (CYT) index have been under the spotlight in cancer research; however, clinical relevance of immune cell killing activity in breast cancer has never been analyzed in large patient cohorts. We hypothesized that CYT reflects the immune activity of TIME and can predict patient survival. A total of 7533 breast cancer patients were analyzed as both discovery and validation cohorts. We found that high CYT was associated with advanced histological grade and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). High CYT in tumors was significantly associated with better survival in TNBC, but unexpectedly, not in other breast cancer subtypes. High CYT TNBC included both favorable immune-related, as well as unfavorable (suppressive) inflammation-related gene sets, and characterized by high infiltration with T cells and B cells. High CYT TNBC was associated with high homologous recombination deficiency and low somatic copy number alteration score and less mutant allele tumor heterogeneity, but not with tumor mutation burden (TMB). Although CYT was not associated with pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, it was significantly associated with high expression of multiple immune checkpoint molecules. In conclusion, CYT of TNBC is associated with enhanced anti-cancer immunity, less intra-tumoral heterogeneity, and with better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Oshi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kawaguchi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto, Japan
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Qianya Qi
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Wanqing Tian
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Amy Schulze
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kerry-Ann McDonald
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sumana Narayanan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jessica Young
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Luc GT Morris
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, NY 10065, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland ClinicCleveland, OH USA
- Lerner Research Institute and Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland ClinicCleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer InstituteBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical UniversityFukushima, Japan
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Zhang Y, Mi K, Li Z, Qiang L, Lv M, Wu Y, Yuan L, Jin S. Identification of Prognostic miRNAs Associated With Immune Cell Tumor Infiltration Predictive of Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705869. [PMID: 34277450 PMCID: PMC8281680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A detailed means of prognostic stratification in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is urgently needed to support individualized treatment plans. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been used as biomarkers due to their previously reported prognostic roles in cancer. This study aimed to construct an immune-related miRNA signature that effectively predicts NSCLC patient prognosis. Methods The miRNAs and mRNA expression and mutation data of NSCLC was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Immune-associated miRNAs were identified using immune scores calculated by the ESTIMATE algorithm. LASSO-penalized multivariate survival models were using for development of a tumor immune-related miRNA signature (TIM-Sig), which was evaluated in several public cohorts from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the CellMiner database. The miRTarBase was used for constructing the miRNA-target interactions. Results The TIM-Sig, including 10 immune-related miRNAs, was constructed and successfully predicted overall survival (OS) in the validation cohorts. TIM-Sig score negatively correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration, IFN-γ expression, CYT activity, and tumor mutation burden. The correlation between TIM-Sig score and genomic mutation and cancer chemotherapeutics was also evaluated. A miRNA-target network of 10 miRNAs in TIM-Sig was constructed. Further analysis revealed that these target genes showed prognostic value in both lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Conclusions We concluded that the immune-related miRNAs demonstrated a potential value in clinical prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Mi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lixia Qiang
- Department of Respiratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meiyu Lv
- Department of Respiratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- Department of Respiratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ligong Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shoude Jin
- Department of Respiratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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20
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Ma Z, Cheng X, Yue T, Shangguan X, Xin Z, Zhang W, Pan J, Wang Q, Xue W. Immune infiltration phenotypes of prostate adenocarcinoma and their clinical implications. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5358-5374. [PMID: 34128342 PMCID: PMC8335836 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor‐infiltrating immune cells participate in the initiation and progression of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). However, it is not fully known how immune infiltration affects the development of PRAD and its clinical presentation. Methods Herein, we investigated the immune infiltration phenotypes in PRAD based on transcriptome profiles, methylation profiles, somatic mutation, and copy number variations. We also developed an immune prognostic model (IPM) to identify unfavorable prognosis. To verify this model, immunohistochemistry staining was performed on a cohort of PRAD samples. Moreover, we constructed a nomogram to assess the survival of PRAD incorporating immune infiltration and other clinical features. Results We categorized PRAD patients into high and low‐level clusters based on immune infiltration phenotypes. The patients in the high‐level clusters had worse survival than their low‐level counterparts. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that both anti‐ and pro‐tumor terms were enriched in high‐level cluster. Moreover, we identified a positive correlation between anti‐ and pro‐tumor immune cells in PRAD microenvironment. Notably, Somatic mutation analysis showed patients in high‐level cluster had a higher somatic mutation burden of KMT2D, HSPA8, CHD7, and MAP1A. In addition, we developed an IPM with robust predictive ability. The model can distinguish high‐risk PRAD patients with poor prognosis from low‐risk PRAD patients in both training and another three independent validation datasets. Besides, we constructed a nomogram incorporating Gleason score, pathological T stage, and IPM for the prognosis prediction of PRAD patients, which displayed robust predictive ability and might contribute to clinical practice. Conclusion Our work illustrated the immune infiltration phenotypes strongly related to the poor prognosis of PRAD patients, and highlighted the potential of the IPM to identify unfavorable tumor features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankui Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting Yue
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiang Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Bahadoran A, Bezavada L, Smallwood HS. Fueling influenza and the immune response: Implications for metabolic reprogramming during influenza infection and immunometabolism. Immunol Rev 2021; 295:140-166. [PMID: 32320072 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies support the notion that glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are rheostats in immune cells whose bioenergetics have functional outputs in terms of their biology. Specific intrinsic and extrinsic molecular factors function as molecular potentiometers to adjust and control glycolytic to respiratory power output. In many cases, these potentiometers are used by influenza viruses and immune cells to support pathogenesis and the host immune response, respectively. Influenza virus infects the respiratory tract, providing a specific environmental niche, while immune cells encounter variable nutrient concentrations as they migrate in response to infection. Immune cell subsets have distinct metabolic programs that adjust to meet energetic and biosynthetic requirements to support effector functions, differentiation, and longevity in their ever-changing microenvironments. This review details how influenza coopts the host cell for metabolic reprogramming and describes the overlap of these regulatory controls in immune cells whose function and fate are dictated by metabolism. These details are contextualized with emerging evidence of the consequences of influenza-induced changes in metabolic homeostasis on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Bahadoran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lavanya Bezavada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heather S Smallwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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22
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Li K, Li T, Feng Z, Huang M, Wei L, Yan Z, Long M, Hu Q, Wang J, Liu S, Sgroi DC, Demehri S. CD8 + T cell immunity blocks the metastasis of carcinogen-exposed breast cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd8936. [PMID: 34144976 PMCID: PMC8213232 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd8936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The link between carcinogen exposure and cancer immunogenicity is unclear. Single exposure to 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) at puberty accelerated spontaneous breast carcinogenesis in mouse mammary tumor virus-polyoma middle tumor-antigen transgenic (MMTV-PyMTtg or PyMT) and MMTV-Her2/neutg (Her2) mice. Paradoxically, DMBA-treated PyMT and Her2 animals were protected from metastasis. CD8+ T cells significantly infiltrated DMBA-exposed breast cancers. CD8+ T cell depletion resulted in severe lung and liver metastasis in DMBA-treated PyMT mice. Besides increasing tumor mutational burden, DMBA exposure up-regulated Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) in cancer cells and heightened antigen presentation. CCL21 injection suppressed breast cancer growth, and CCL21 receptor deletion attenuated T cell immunity against cancer metastasis in DMBA-treated PyMT animals. CCL21 expression correlated with increased mutational burden and cytolytic activity across human cancers. Higher CCL21 levels correlated with increased CD8+ T cell infiltrates in human breast cancer and predicted lower breast cancer distant recurrence rate. Collectively, carcinogen exposure induces immune-activating factors within cancer cells that promote CD8+ T cell immunity against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Li
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Tiancheng Li
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Zhaoyi Feng
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mei Huang
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Zhiyu Yan
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mark Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Dennis C Sgroi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Center for Cancer Immunology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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23
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Postoperative elevation in the plasma CCL2 level is a predictive biomarker of colorectal cancer recurrence. Surg Today 2021; 51:1671-1681. [PMID: 33797637 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-021-02273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is currently no adequate biomarker for predicting colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) induces macrophages and fibroblasts to occupy metastatic niches in distant organs. The purpose of this study was to examine CCL2 as a potential predictive biomarker for CRC recurrence. METHODS Plasma samples (n = 402) were collected from 80 stage II/III/IV CRC cases and the relationship between CCL2 profiles and recurrence was investigated. The tumor immune response genes associated with CCL2 mRNA expression in a subgroup of 8 stage I/II CRC cases with 12 recurrent sites and The Cancer Genome Atlas database were also analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Sixteen stage II/III/IV postoperative recurrent CRC cases experienced a significant increase in plasma CCL2 levels 6 months after surgery and continuously increased even after R0-1 resection. The 6-month postoperative CCL2 levels in recurrent cases of ≥ 1 year were significantly higher than in non-recurrent cases and recurrent cases of < 1 year. The CCL2 level in the primary tumor cases significantly correlated with the cytolytic activity, thus indicating a tumor immune response from the CD163-expressing macrophages. CONCLUSION Plasma CCL2 was found to be a predictive biomarker of postoperative CRC recurrence. CCL2 in metastatic sites derives from metastatic niches that surpass the host immune response.
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24
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Hu Q, Nonaka K, Wakiyama H, Miyashita Y, Fujimoto Y, Jogo T, Hokonohara K, Nakanishi R, Hisamatsu Y, Ando K, Kimura Y, Masuda T, Oki E, Mimori K, Oda Y, Mori M. Cytolytic activity score as a biomarker for antitumor immunity and clinical outcome in patients with gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:3129-3138. [PMID: 33769705 PMCID: PMC8085935 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A simple measure of immune cytolytic activity (CYT) base on mRNA expression levels of two genes, GZMA and PRF1, was recently reported. Here, we aimed to evaluate the CYT score's potential as a measure of antitumor immunity and predictor of clinical outcome in gastric cancer (GC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the correlations between tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the CYT score in 238 GC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Next, we investigated CYT score associations with molecular subtypes, somatic mutation load, and immune checkpoint molecules in GC samples from TCGA and Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG). Moreover, we evaluated the clinical significance of the CYT score calculated by reverse transcription (RT)-quantitative PCR (qPCR) data in 123 GC samples and the association of the CYT score with the response to anti-PD-1 therapy in 7 GC samples from Kyushu University Hospital. RESULTS The CYT score positively correlated with the proportions of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and macrophages and negatively correlated with the proportion of regulatory T cells in GC tissues. A high CYT score was associated with common immune checkpoint molecules, a high mutation, the Epstein-Barr virus subtype, and the microsatellite instability subtype in GC. Moreover, a low CYT score was a poor prognosis factor in patients with GC. Finally, the CYT score was higher in a responder to anti-PD-1 therapy compared to nonresponders. CONCLUSION The CYT score reflects antitumor immunity and predicts clinical outcome in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Hu
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nonaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wakiyama
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yu Miyashita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Fujimoto
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Jogo
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hokonohara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakanishi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hisamatsu
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasue Kimura
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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25
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Loo Yau H, Bell E, Ettayebi I, de Almeida FC, Boukhaled GM, Shen SY, Allard D, Morancho B, Marhon SA, Ishak CA, Gonzaga IM, da Silva Medina T, Singhania R, Chakravarthy A, Chen R, Mehdipour P, Pommey S, Klein C, Amarante-Mendes GP, Roulois D, Arribas J, Stagg J, Brooks DG, De Carvalho DD. DNA hypomethylating agents increase activation and cytolytic activity of CD8 + T cells. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1469-1483.e8. [PMID: 33609448 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that DNA hypomethylating agent (HMA) treatment can directly modulate the anti-tumor response and effector function of CD8+ T cells. In vivo HMA treatment promotes CD8+ T cell tumor infiltration and suppresses tumor growth via CD8+ T cell-dependent activity. Ex vivo, HMAs enhance primary human CD8+ T cell activation markers, effector cytokine production, and anti-tumor cytolytic activity. Epigenomic and transcriptomic profiling shows that HMAs vastly regulate T cell activation-related transcriptional networks, culminating with over-activation of NFATc1 short isoforms. Mechanistically, demethylation of an intragenic CpG island immediately downstream to the 3' UTR of the short isoform was associated with antisense transcription and alternative polyadenylation of NFATc1 short isoforms. High-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry analyses reveal a selective effect of HMAs on a subset of human CD8+ T cell subpopulations, increasing both the number and abundance of a granzyme Bhigh, perforinhigh effector subpopulation. Overall, our findings support the use of HMAs as a therapeutic strategy to boost anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Loo Yau
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Emma Bell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Ilias Ettayebi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Felipe Campos de Almeida
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT-iii), São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Giselle M Boukhaled
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shu Yi Shen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - David Allard
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Beatriz Morancho
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and CIBERONC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sajid A Marhon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Charles A Ishak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Isabela M Gonzaga
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Tiago da Silva Medina
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Translational Immuno-oncology Laboratory, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-001, Brazil
| | - Rajat Singhania
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Ankur Chakravarthy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Raymond Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Parinaz Mehdipour
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Sandra Pommey
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Wagistrasse 10, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo P Amarante-Mendes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT-iii), São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | - David Roulois
- UMR U1236, INSERM, Université de Rennes 1, EFS, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Joaquín Arribas
- Preclinical Research Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and CIBERONC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Fu X, Wang X, Duanmu J, Li T, Jiang Q. KRAS mutations are negatively correlated with immunity in colon cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:750-768. [PMID: 33254149 PMCID: PMC7834984 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of colon cancer tumors suggests that therapeutics targeting specific molecules may be effective in only a few patients. It is therefore necessary to explore gene mutations in colon cancer. In this study, we obtained colon cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the International Cancer Genome Consortium. We evaluated the landscape of somatic mutations in colon cancer and found that KRAS mutations, particularly rs121913529, were frequent and had prognostic value. Using ESTIMATE analysis, we observed that the KRAS-mutated group had higher tumor purity, lower immune score, and lower stromal score than the wild-type group. Through single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, we found that KRAS mutations negatively correlated with enrichment levels of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, inflammation, and cytolytic activities. HLA gene expression and checkpoint-related genes were also lower in the KRAS-mutated group. Finally, we found 24 immune-related genes that differed in expression between the KRAS-mutated and wild-type samples, which may provide clues to the mechanism of KRAS-related immune alteration. Our findings are indicative of the prognostic and predictive value of KRAS and illustrate the relationship between KRAS mutations and immune activity in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary College, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Queen Mary College, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhong Duanmu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiyuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunguang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Mi K, Chen F, Qian Z, Chen J, Lv D, Zhang C, Xu Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Shang D. Characterizing heterogeneity of non-small cell lung tumour microenvironment to identify signature prognostic genes. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14608-14618. [PMID: 33184998 PMCID: PMC7754023 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has highlighted the immune response as an important feature of carcinogenesis and therapeutic efficacy in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study focused on the characterization of immune infiltration profiling in patients with NSCLC and its correlation with survival outcome. All TCGA samples were divided into three heterogeneous clusters based on immune cell profiles: cluster 1 ('low infiltration' cluster), cluster 2 ('heterogeneous infiltration' cluster) and cluster 3 ('high infiltration' cluster). The immune cells were responsible for a significantly favourable prognosis for the 'high infiltration' community. Cluster 1 had the lowest cytotoxic activity, tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), as well as immune checkpoint molecules expressions. In addition, MHC‐I and immune co‐stimulator were also found to have lower cluster 1 expressions, indicating a possible immune escape mechanism. A total of 43 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that overlapped among the groups were determined based on three clusters. Finally, based on a univariate Cox regression model, prognostic immune‐related genes were identified and combined to construct a risk score model able to predict overall survival (OS) rates in the validation datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Mi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fuhui Chen
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhipeng Qian
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongxu Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongguang Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Desi Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Yim SY, Kang SH, Shin JH, Jeong YS, Sohn BH, Um SH, Lee JS. Low ARID1A Expression is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:E2002. [PMID: 32878261 PMCID: PMC7564185 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its clinical significance is not clarified. We aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of low ARID1A expression in HCC. By analyzing the gene expression data of liver from Arid1a-knockout mice, hepatic Arid1a-specific gene expression signature was identified (p < 0.05 and 0.5-fold difference). From this signature, a prediction model was developed to identify tissues lacking Arid1a activity and was applied to gene expression data from three independent cohorts of HCC patients to stratify patients according to ARID1A activity. The molecular features associated with loss of ARID1A were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) multi-platform data, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was done to uncover potential signaling pathways associated with ARID1A loss. ARID1A inactivation was clinically associated with poor prognosis in all three independent cohorts and was consistently related to poor prognosis subtypes of previously reported gene signatures (highly proliferative, hepatic stem cell, silence of Hippo pathway, and high recurrence signatures). Immune activity, indicated by significantly lower IFNG6 and cytolytic activity scores and enrichment of regulatory T-cell composition, was lower in the ARID1A-low subtype than ARID1A-high subtype. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that direct upstream transcription regulators of the ARID1A signature were genes associated with cell cycle, including E2F group, CCND1, and MYC, while tumor suppressors such as TP53, SMAD3, and CTNNB1 were significantly inhibited. ARID1A plays an important role in immune activity and regulating multiple genes involved in HCC development. Low-ARID1A subtype was associated with poor clinical outcome and suggests the possibility of ARID1A as a prognostic biomarker in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea; (S.Y.Y.); (S.H.U.)
| | - Sang Hee Kang
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyun Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.-H.S.); (Y.S.J.); (B.H.S.)
| | - Yun Seong Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.-H.S.); (Y.S.J.); (B.H.S.)
| | - Bo Hwa Sohn
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.-H.S.); (Y.S.J.); (B.H.S.)
| | - Soon Ho Um
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-701, Korea; (S.Y.Y.); (S.H.U.)
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.-H.S.); (Y.S.J.); (B.H.S.)
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Sundar R, Huang KK, Qamra A, Kim KM, Kim ST, Kang WK, Tan ALK, Lee J, Tan P. Epigenomic promoter alterations predict for benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2020; 30:424-430. [PMID: 30624548 PMCID: PMC6442650 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Utilization of alternative transcription start sites through alterations in epigenetic promoter regions causes reduced expression of immunogenic N-terminal peptides, which may facilitate immune evasion in early gastric cancer. We hypothesized that tumors with high alternate promoter utilization would be resistant to immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two cohorts of patients with metastatic gastric cancer treated with immunotherapy were analyzed. The first cohort (N = 24) included patients treated with either nivolumab or pembrolizumab. Alternate promoter utilization was measured using the NanoString® (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA) platform on archival tissue samples. The second cohort was a phase II clinical trial of patients uniformly treated with pembrolizumab (N = 37). Fresh tumor biopsies were obtained, and transcriptomic analysis was carried out on RNAseq data. Alternate promoter utilization was correlated to T-cell cytolytic activity, objective response rate and survival. RESULTS In the first cohort 8 of 24 (33%) tumors were identified to have high alternate promoter utilization (APhigh), and this was used to define the APhigh tertile of the second cohort (13 APhigh of 37). APhigh tumors exhibited decreased markers of T-cell cytolytic activity and lower response rates (8% versus 42%, P = 0.03). Median progression-free survival was lower in the APhigh group (55 versus 180 days, P = 0.0076). In multivariate analysis, alternative promoter utilization was an independent predictor of immunotherapy survival [hazard ratio 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.099-0.85, P = 0.024). Analyzing tumoral evolution through paired pre-treatment and post-treatment biopsies, we observed consistent shifts in alternative promoter utilization rate associated with clinical response. CONCLUSION A substantial proportion of metastatic gastric cancers utilize alternate promoters as a mechanism of immune evasion, and these tumors may be resistant to anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibition. Alternate promoter utilization is thus a potential mechanism of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition, and a novel predictive biomarker for immunotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT#02589496.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sundar
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K K Huang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - A Qamra
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - K-M Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics
| | - S T Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W K Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - A L K Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - J Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - P Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Biomedical Research Council, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; SingHealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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30
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Amon L, Lehmann CHK, Baranska A, Schoen J, Heger L, Dudziak D. Transcriptional control of dendritic cell development and functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 349:55-151. [PMID: 31759434 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are major regulators of adaptive immunity, as they are not only capable to induce efficient immune responses, but are also crucial to maintain peripheral tolerance and thereby inhibit autoimmune reactions. DCs bridge the innate and the adaptive immune system by presenting peptides of self and foreign antigens as peptide MHC complexes to T cells. These properties render DCs as interesting target cells for immunomodulatory therapies in cancer, but also autoimmune diseases. Several subsets of DCs with special properties and functions have been described. Recent achievements in understanding transcriptional programs on single cell level, together with the generation of new murine models targeting specific DC subsets, advanced our current understanding of DC development and function. Thus, DCs arise from precursor cells in the bone marrow with distinct progenitor cell populations splitting the monocyte populations and macrophage populations from the DC lineage, which upon lineage commitment can be separated into conventional cDC1, cDC2, and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). The DC populations harbor intrinsic programs enabling them to react for specific pathogens in dependency on the DC subset, and thereby orchestrate T cell immune responses. Similarities, but also varieties, between human and murine DC subpopulations are challenging, and will require further investigation of human specimens under consideration of the influence of the tissue micromilieu and DC subset localization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H K Lehmann
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Baranska
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Zaravinos A, Roufas C, Nagara M, de Lucas Moreno B, Oblovatskaya M, Efstathiades C, Dimopoulos C, Ayiomamitis GD. Cytolytic activity correlates with the mutational burden and deregulated expression of immune checkpoints in colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:364. [PMID: 31429779 PMCID: PMC6701076 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Microsatellite unstable colorectal cancers (MSI+ CRCs) expressing PD-L1, respond to anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 checkpoint blockade, whereas microsatellite-stable tumors do not respond the same. Our aim was to examine how the immune landscape relates to different aspects of the CRC’s biology, including neoepitope burden. Methods We used TCGA data to stratify patients based on a cytolytic T-cell activity expression index and correlated immune cytolytic activity (CYT) with mutational, structural, and neoepitope features of each tumor sample. The expression of several immune checkpoints was verified in an independent cohort of 72 CRC patients, relative to their MSI status, using immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Results CRC exhibits a range of intertumoral cytolytic T-cell activity, with lower cytolytic levels in the tumor, compared to the normal tissue. We separated CRC patients into CYT-high and CYT-low subgroups. High cytolytic activity correlated with increased mutational load in colon tumors, the count of MHC-I/−II classically defined and alternatively defined neoepitopes, high microsatellite instability and deregulated expression of several inhibitory immune checkpoints (VISTA, TIGIT, PD-1, IDO1, CTLA-4, and PD-L1, among others). Many immune checkpoint molecules (IDO1, LAG3, TIGIT, VISTA, PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4) expressed significantly higher in MSI+ CRCs compared to MSS tumors. The expression of Treg markers was also significantly higher in CYT-high tumors. Both individual and simultaneous high levels of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 had a positive effect on the patients’ overall survival. On the reverse, simultaneous low expression of both genes led to a significant shift towards negative effect. Assessed globally, CYT-low CRCs contained more recurrent somatic copy number alterations. PD-L1 protein was absent in most samples in the independent cohort and stained lowly in 33% of MSI CRCs. PD-L1+ CRCs stained moderately for CD8 and weakly for FOXP3. CYT-high colon tumors had higher TIL load, whereas CYT-high rectum tumors had higher TAN load compared to their CYT-low counterparts. Conclusions Overall, we highlight the link between different genetic events and the immune microenvironment in CRC, taking into consideration the status of microsatellite instability. Our data provide further evidence that MSI+ and CYT-high tumors are better candidates for combinatorial checkpoint inhibition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1372-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,Centre for Risk and Decision Sciences (CERIDES), 2404, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Constantinos Roufas
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, European University Cyprus, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Majdi Nagara
- Inserm, UMR-S 1251, MMG, Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Beatriz de Lucas Moreno
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Center for Research in Health and Life Sciences, European University Madrid, 28670, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Oblovatskaya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christodoulos Efstathiades
- Centre for Risk and Decision Sciences (CERIDES), 2404, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, European University Cyprus, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christos Dimopoulos
- Centre for Risk and Decision Sciences (CERIDES), 2404, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Computer Science & Engineering, European University Cyprus, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Wang ZL, Wang Z, Li GZ, Wang QW, Bao ZS, Zhang CB, Jiang T. Immune Cytolytic Activity Is Associated With Genetic and Clinical Properties of Glioma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1756. [PMID: 31428092 PMCID: PMC6688525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunotherapy provided unprecedented advances in the treatment of several previously untreated cancers. However, these immunomodulatory maneuvers showed limited response to patients with glioma in clinical trials. Our aim was to depict the immune characteristics of glioma with immune cytolytic activity at genetic and transcriptome levels. Methods: In total, 325 gliomas from CGGA dataset as training cohort and 699 gliomas from TCGA dataset as validation cohort were enrolled in our analysis. We calculated the immune cytolytic activity for 1,000 of gliomas. The characteristics of immune cytolytic activity in gliomas were interpreted by the corresponding clinical, molecular genetics and radiological information. Results: We found that immune cytolytic activity was highly associated with molecular, clinical, and edema extent. High cytolytic activity gliomas were more likely to be diagnosed as glioblastoma and might be a potential marker of mesenchymal subtype. Moreover, those gliomas exhibited significantly increased copy number alterations including recurrent focal amplifications of PDGFA and EGFR, as well as recurrent deletions of CDKN2A/B. Subsequent biological function analysis revealed that the immune response and immune checkpoints expression were significantly correlated with the cytolytic activity of gliomas. Immune cytolytic activity was significantly positively associated with the extent of peri-tumor edema and was independently correlated with reduced survival time. Conclusion: Our results highlighted the immunoregulatory mechanism heterogeneity of gliomas. Cytolytic activity, indirectly reflected by the extent of peri-tumor edema, may provide a potential index to evaluate the status of immune microenvironment and immune checkpoints in glioma, which should be fully valued for precision classification and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Liang Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Zhang Li
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang-Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Recent reports describe how genome-wide transcriptional analysis of cancer tissues can be exploited to identify molecular signatures of immune infiltration in cancer. We hypothesize that immune infiltration in cancer may also be defined by changes in certain epigenetic signatures. In this context, a primary objective is to identify site-specific CpG markers whose levels of methylation may be highly indicative of known transcriptional markers of immune infiltration such as GZMA, PRF1, T cell receptor genes, PDCD1, and CTLA4. This has been accomplished by integrating genome-wide transcriptional expression and methylation data for different types of cancer (melanoma, kidney cancers, lung cancers, gliomas, head and neck cancer). Our findings establish that cancers of related histology also have a high degree of similarity in immune-infiltration CpG markers. For example, the epigenetic immune infiltration signatures in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), mesothelioma (MESO), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) are distinctly similar. So are glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain lower grade glioma (LGG); and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Kidney chromophobe (KICH), on the other hand has markers that are unique to this cohort. The strong relationships between immune infiltration and CpG methylation (for certain sites) in cancer tissues were not observed upon integrated analysis of publicly available cancer cell line datasets. Results from comparative pathways analyses offer further justification to methylation at certain CpG sites as being indicators of cancer immune infiltration, and possibly of predicting patient response to immunotherapeutic drugs. Achieving this target objective would significantly enhance therapeutic outcomes employing immunotherapy through focused patient-centric personalized medicine.
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Fulop T, Franceschi C, Hirokawa K, Pawelec G. Immunosenescence Modulation by Vaccination. HANDBOOK OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121048 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A decline in immune function is a hallmark of aging that leads to complicated illness from a variety of infectious diseases, cancer and other immune-mediated disorders, and may limit the ability to appropriately respond to vaccination. How vaccines might alter the senescent immune response and what are the immune correlates of protection will be addressed from the perspective of (1) stimulating a previously primed response as in the case of vaccines for seasonal influenza and herpes zoster, (2) priming the response to novel antigens such as pandemic influenza or West Nile virus, (3) vaccination against bacterial pathogens such as pneumococcus and pertussis, (4) vaccines against bacterial toxins such as tetanus and Clostridium difficile, and (5) vaccine approaches to mitigate effects of cytomegalovirus on immune senescence. New or improved vaccines developed over recent years demonstrate the considerable opportunity to improve current vaccines and develop new vaccines as a preventive approach to a variety of diseases in older adults. Strategies for selecting appropriate immunologic targets for new vaccine development and evaluating how vaccines may alter the senescent immune response in terms of potential benefits and risks in the preclinical and clinical trial phases of vaccine development will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Division of Geriatrics Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Graham Pawelec
- Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Yu H, Chen Z, Ballman KV, Watson MA, Govindan R, Lanc I, Beer DG, Bueno R, Chirieac LR, Chui MH, Chen G, Franklin WA, Gandara DR, Genova C, Brovsky KA, Joshi MBM, Merrick DT, Richards WG, Rivard CJ, Harpole DH, Tsao MS, van Bokhoven A, Shepherd FA, Hirsch FR. Correlation of PD-L1 Expression with Tumor Mutation Burden and Gene Signatures for Prognosis in Early-Stage Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 14:25-36. [PMID: 30253973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy has demonstrated success in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Recently, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade also has demonstrated interesting results in small trials of neoadjuvant treatment in stage IB to IIIA NSCLC. In addition, several clinical trials using anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment in patients with resectable stage NSCLC are ongoing. However, few analyses of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy-related biomarkers in early-stage squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCLC) have been reported. In this study, we evaluated PD-L1 protein expression, tumor mutation burden, and expression of an immune gene signature in early-stage SqCLC, providing data for identifying the potential role for patients with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment in early-stage SqCLC. METHODS A total of 255 specimens from patients with early-stage SqCLC were identified within participating centers of the Strategic Partnering to Evaluate Cancer Signatures program. PD-L1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry was evaluated by using the Dako PD-L1 22C3 pharmDx kit on the Dako Link 48 auto-stainer (Dako, Carpinteria, CA). Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was calculated on the basis of data from targeted genome sequencing. The T-effector and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) gene signature was determined from Affymetrix gene chip data (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) from frozen specimens. RESULTS The prevalence of PD-L1 expression was 9.8% at a tumor proportion score cutoff of at least 50%. PD-L1 mRNA and programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 mRNA positively correlated with PD-L1 protein expression on tumor cells (TCs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. PD-L1 protein expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells was correlated with the T-effector and IFN-γ gene signature (p < 0.001), but not with TMB. For TCs, all of these biomarkers were independent of each other and neither PD-L1 protein expression, TMB, or T-effector and IFN-γ gene signatures were independently prognostic for patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of PD-L1 expression, TMB, and T-effector and IFN-γ gene signatures in the cohort with early-stage SqCLC found them to be independent of each other, and none was associated with overall survival. Our results also support the hypothesis that PD-L1 expression is regulated by an intrinsic mechanism on TCs and an adaptive mechanism on immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Karla V Ballman
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mark A Watson
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Irena Lanc
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Raphael Bueno
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael Herman Chui
- University Health Network/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Guoan Chen
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wilbur A Franklin
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David R Gandara
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Carlo Genova
- Lung Cancer Unit, San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Kristine A Brovsky
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Daniel T Merrick
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - William G Richards
- Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- University Health Network/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adrie van Bokhoven
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- University Health Network/Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.
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Lam KC, Vyshenska D, Hu J, Rodrigues RR, Nilsen A, Zielke RA, Brown NS, Aarnes EK, Sikora AE, Shulzhenko N, Lyng H, Morgun A. Transkingdom network reveals bacterial players associated with cervical cancer gene expression program. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5590. [PMID: 30294508 PMCID: PMC6170155 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide with human papillomavirus (HPV) being the main cause the disease. Chromosomal amplifications have been identified as a source of upregulation for cervical cancer driver genes but cannot fully explain increased expression of immune genes in invasive carcinoma. Insight into additional factors that may tip the balance from immune tolerance of HPV to the elimination of the virus may lead to better diagnosis markers. We investigated whether microbiota affect molecular pathways in cervical carcinogenesis by performing microbiome analysis via sequencing 16S rRNA in tumor biopsies from 121 patients. While we detected a large number of intra-tumor taxa (289 operational taxonomic units (OTUs)), we focused on the 38 most abundantly represented microbes. To search for microbes and host genes potentially involved in the interaction, we reconstructed a transkingdom network by integrating a previously discovered cervical cancer gene expression network with our bacterial co-abundance network and employed bipartite betweenness centrality. The top ranked microbes were represented by the families Bacillaceae, Halobacteriaceae, and Prevotellaceae. While we could not define the first two families to the species level, Prevotellaceae was assigned to Prevotella bivia. By co-culturing a cervical cancer cell line with P. bivia, we confirmed that three out of the ten top predicted genes in the transkingdom network (lysosomal associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3), STAT1, TAP1), all regulators of immunological pathways, were upregulated by this microorganism. Therefore, we propose that intra-tumor microbiota may contribute to cervical carcinogenesis through the induction of immune response drivers, including the well-known cancer gene LAMP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khiem Chi Lam
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dariia Vyshenska
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jialu Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Anja Nilsen
- Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ryszard A Zielke
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Eva-Katrine Aarnes
- Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Heidi Lyng
- Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Wu J, Li X, Teng X, Rubin DL, Napel S, Daniel BL, Li R. Magnetic resonance imaging and molecular features associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:101. [PMID: 30176944 PMCID: PMC6122724 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to investigate associations between dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer, as well as to study if MRI features are complementary to molecular markers of TILs. Methods In this retrospective study, we extracted 17 computational DCE-MRI features to characterize tumor and parenchyma in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort (n = 126). The percentage of stromal TILs was evaluated on H&E-stained histological whole-tumor sections. We first evaluated associations between individual imaging features and TILs. Multiple-hypothesis testing was corrected by the Benjamini-Hochberg method using false discovery rate (FDR). Second, we implemented LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) and linear regression nested with tenfold cross-validation to develop an imaging signature for TILs. Next, we built a composite prediction model for TILs by combining imaging signature with molecular features. Finally, we tested the prognostic significance of the TIL model in an independent cohort (I-SPY 1; n = 106). Results Four imaging features were significantly associated with TILs (P < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2), including tumor volume, cluster shade of signal enhancement ratio (SER), mean SER of tumor-surrounding background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), and proportion of BPE. Among molecular and clinicopathological factors, only cytolytic score was correlated with TILs (ρ = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36–0.63; P = 1.6E-9). An imaging signature that linearly combines five features showed correlation with TILs (ρ = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.24–0.54; P = 4.2E-6). A composite model combining the imaging signature and cytolytic score improved correlation with TILs (ρ = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.50–0.72; P = 9.7E-15). The composite model successfully distinguished low vs high, intermediate vs high, and low vs intermediate TIL groups, with AUCs of 0.94, 0.76, and 0.79, respectively. During validation (I-SPY 1), the predicted TILs from the imaging signature separated patients into two groups with distinct recurrence-free survival (RFS), with log-rank P = 0.042 among triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The composite model further improved stratification of patients with distinct RFS (log-rank P = 0.0008), where TNBC with no/minimal TILs had a worse prognosis. Conclusions Specific MRI features of tumor and parenchyma are associated with TILs in breast cancer, and imaging may play an important role in the evaluation of TILs by providing key complementary information in equivocal cases or situations that are prone to sampling bias. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1039-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1070 Arastradero Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Xuejie Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Teng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daniel L Rubin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sandy Napel
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Bruce L Daniel
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ruijiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1070 Arastradero Road, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Roufas C, Chasiotis D, Makris A, Efstathiades C, Dimopoulos C, Zaravinos A. The Expression and Prognostic Impact of Immune Cytolytic Activity-Related Markers in Human Malignancies: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29515971 PMCID: PMC5826382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, immune-checkpoint blockade has shown striking clinical results in different cancer patients. However, a significant inter-individual and inter-tumor variability exists among different cancers. The expression of the toxins granzyme A (GZMA) and perforin 1 (PRF1), secreted by effector cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, were recently used as a denominator of the intratumoral immune cytolytic activity (CYT). These levels are significantly elevated upon CD8+ T-cell activation as well as during a productive clinical response against immune-checkpoint blockade therapies. Still, it is not completely understood how different tumors induce and adapt to immune responses. Methods Here, we calculated the CYT across different cancer types and focused on differences between primary and metastatic tumors. Using data from 10,355, primary tumor resection samples and 2,787 normal samples that we extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression project databases, we screened the variation of CYT across 32 different cancer types and 28 different normal tissue types. We correlated the cytolytic levels in each cancer type with the corresponding patient group's overall survival, the expression of several immune-checkpoint molecules, as well as with the load of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in these tumors. Results We found diverse levels of CYT across different cancer types, with highest levels in kidney, lung, and cervical cancers, and lowest levels in glioma, adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), and uveal melanoma. GZMA protein was either lowly expressed or absent in at least half of these tumors; whereas PRF1 protein was not detected in almost any of the different tumor types, analyzing tissue microarrays from 20 different tumor types. CYT was significantly higher in metastatic skin melanoma and correlated significantly to the TIL load. In TCGA-ACC, skin melanoma, and bladder cancer, CYT was associated with an improved patient outcome and high levels of both GZMA and PRF1 synergistically affected patient survival in these cancers. In bladder, breast, colon, esophageal, kidney, ovarian, pancreatic, testicular, and thyroid cancers, high CYT was accompanied by upregulation of at least one immune-checkpoint molecule, indicating that similar to melanoma and prostate cancer, immune responses in cytolytic-high tumors elicit immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. Conclusion Overall, our data highlight the existence of diverse levels of CYT across different cancer types and suggest that along with the existence of complicated associations among various tumor-infiltrated immune cells, it is capable to promote or inhibit the establishment of a permissive tumor microenvironment, depending on the cancer type. High levels of immunosuppression seem to exist in several tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Roufas
- Department of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Center for Risk and Decision Sciences (CERIDES), Department of Computer Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios Chasiotis
- Department of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anestis Makris
- Department of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christodoulos Efstathiades
- The Center for Risk and Decision Sciences (CERIDES), Department of Computer Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christos Dimopoulos
- The Center for Risk and Decision Sciences (CERIDES), Department of Computer Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Rech AJ, Balli D, Mantero A, Ishwaran H, Nathanson KL, Stanger BZ, Vonderheide RH. Tumor Immunity and Survival as a Function of Alternative Neopeptides in Human Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:276-287. [PMID: 29339376 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immune system exerts antitumor activity via T cell-dependent recognition of tumor-specific antigens. Although the number of tumor neopeptides-peptides derived from somatic mutations-often correlates with immune activity and survival, most classically defined high-affinity neopeptides (CDNs) are not immunogenic, and only rare CDNs have been linked to tumor rejection. Thus, the rules of tumor antigen recognition remain incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed neopeptides, immune activity, and clinical outcome from 6,324 patients across 27 tumor types. We characterized a class of "alternatively defined neopeptides" (ADNs), which are mutant peptides predicted to bind MHC (class I or II) with improved affinity relative to their nonmutated counterpart. ADNs are abundant and molecularly distinct from CDNs. The load of ADNs correlated with intratumoral T-cell responses and immune suppression, and ADNs were also strong predictors of patient survival across tumor types. These results expand the spectrum of mutation-derived tumor antigens with potential clinical relevance. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(3); 276-87. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Rech
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Balli
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alejandro Mantero
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Hemant Ishwaran
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert H Vonderheide
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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40
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Merani S, Kuchel GA, Kleppinger A, McElhaney JE. Influenza vaccine-mediated protection in older adults: Impact of influenza infection, cytomegalovirus serostatus and vaccine dosage. Exp Gerontol 2017; 107:116-125. [PMID: 28958701 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in T-cell function are associated with a loss of influenza vaccine efficacy in older adults. Both antibody and cell-mediated immunity plays a prominent role in protecting older adults, particularly against the serious complications of influenza. High dose (HD) influenza vaccines induce higher antibody titers in older adults compared to standard dose (SD) vaccines, yet its impact on T-cell memory is not clear. The aim of this study was to compare the antibody and T-cell responses in older adults randomized to receive HD or SD influenza vaccine as well as determine whether cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus affects the response to vaccination, and identify differences in the response to vaccination in those older adults who subsequently have an influenza infection. Older adults (≥65years) were enrolled (n=106) and randomized to receive SD or HD influenza vaccine. Blood was collected pre-vaccination, followed by 4, 10 and 20weeks post-vaccination. Serum antibody titers, as well as levels of inducible granzyme B (iGrB) and cytokines were measured in PBMCs challenged ex vivo with live influenza virus. Surveillance conducted during the influenza season identified those with laboratory confirmed influenza illness or infection. HD influenza vaccination induced a high antibody titer and IL-10 response, and a short-lived increase in Th1 responses (IFN-γ and iGrB) compared to SD vaccination in PBMCs challenged ex vivo with live influenza virus. Of the older adults who became infected with influenza, a high IL-10 and iGrB response in virus-challenged cells was observed post-infection (week 10 to 20), as well as IFN-γ and TNF-α at week 20. Additionally, CMV seropositive older adults had an impaired iGrB response to influenza virus-challenge, regardless of vaccine dose. This study illustrates that HD influenza vaccines have little impact on the development of functional T-cell memory in older adults. Furthermore, poor outcomes of influenza infection in older adults may be due to a strong IL-10 response to influenza following vaccination, and persistent CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzma Merani
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, P3E 5J1, ON, Canada
| | - George A Kuchel
- University of Connecticut Center on Aging, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, 06030-5215, CT, USA
| | | | - Janet E McElhaney
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, P3E 5J1, ON, Canada.
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41
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Ainai A, Suzuki T, Tamura SI, Hasegawa H. Intranasal Administration of Whole Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine as a Promising Influenza Vaccine Candidate. Viral Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28650274 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the current influenza vaccine, an inactivated virus vaccine administered by subcutaneous/intramuscular injection, is limited to reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal influenza outbreaks. Intranasal vaccination, by contrast, mimics natural infection and induces not only systemic IgG antibodies but also local secretory IgA (S-IgA) antibodies found on the surface of the mucosal epithelium in the upper respiratory tract. S-IgA antibodies are highly effective at preventing virus infection. Although the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) administered intranasally can induce local antibodies, this vaccine is restricted to healthy populations aged 2-49 years because of safety concerns associated with using live viruses in a vaccine. Instead of LAIV, an intranasal vaccine made with inactivated virus could be applied to high-risk populations, including infants and elderly adults. Normally, a mucosal adjuvant would be required to enhance the effect of intranasal vaccination with an inactivated influenza vaccine. However, we found that intranasal administration of a concentrated, whole inactivated influenza virus vaccine without any mucosal adjuvant was enough to induce local neutralizing S-IgA antibodies in the nasal epithelium of healthy individuals with some immunological memory for seasonal influenza viruses. This intranasal vaccine is a novel candidate that could improve on the current injectable vaccine or the LAIV for the prevention of seasonal influenza epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tamura
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Balli D, Rech AJ, Stanger BZ, Vonderheide RH. Immune Cytolytic Activity Stratifies Molecular Subsets of Human Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3129-3138. [PMID: 28007776 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Immunotherapy has the potential to improve the dismal prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), but clinical trials, including those with single-agent PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibition, have been disappointing. Our aim was to examine the immune landscape of PDA as it relates to aspects of tumor biology, including neoepitope burden.Experimental Design: We used publicly available expression data from 134 primary resection PDA samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas to stratify patients according to a cytolytic T-cell activity expression index. We correlated cytolytic immune activity with mutational, structural, and neoepitope features of the tumor.Results: Human PDA displays a range of intratumoral cytolytic T-cell activity. PDA tumors with low cytolytic activity exhibited significantly increased copy number alterations, including recurrent amplifications of MYC and NOTCH2 and recurrent deletions and mutations of CDKN2A/B In sharp contrast to other tumor types, high cytolytic activity in PDA did not correlate with increased mutational burden or neoepitope load (MHC class I and class II). Cytolytic-high tumors exhibited increased expression of multiple immune checkpoint genes compared to cytolytic-low tumors, except for PD-L1 expression, which was uniformly low.Conclusions: These data identify a subset of human PDA with high cytolytic T-cell activity. Rather than being linked to mutation burden or neoepitope load, immune activation indices in PDA were inversely linked to genomic alterations, suggesting that intrinsic oncogenic processes drive immune inactivity in human PDA. Furthermore, these data highlight the potential importance of immune checkpoints other than PD-L1/PD-1 as therapeutic targets in this lethal disease. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3129-38. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Balli
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Rech
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert H Vonderheide
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Budczies J, Bockmayr M, Klauschen F, Endris V, Fröhling S, Schirmacher P, Denkert C, Stenzinger A. Mutation patterns in genes encoding interferon signaling and antigen presentation: A pan-cancer survey with implications for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:651-659. [PMID: 28466543 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Blockade of immune checkpoints has become a powerful tool in cancer medicine, which is effective across various solid cancer types and hematologic malignancies. While immunohistochemical detection of PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, immune cells, or both has been introduced as predictive biomarker in several clinical trials, shortcomings and limitations of this approach were quickly recognized. As a single biomarker is unlikely to adequately reflect the complex interplay between immune cells and cancer, various genetic determinants of therapy success, including microsatellite instability, mutational burden, and PD-L1 amplification, are being investigated. Very recent work indicates that mutations in B2M, JAK1, and JAK2 render melanoma resistant to immune checkpoint blockade, thus serving as negative response predictors. Using the TCGA dataset, we performed a pan-cancer analysis of potentially damaging mutations in key genes implicated in antigen presentation and interferon-gamma signaling and investigated associations with transcript levels of immune checkpoint genes, cytolytic activity, and mutational burden. For B2M, JAK1, and JAK2, we observed overall mutation frequencies of 1.8%, 2%, and 2.6%, respectively, and found significant associations with mutational burden. On pathway level, melanoma as well as bladder, gastric, and lung cancer were most frequently affected by putative resistance mutations with mutation rates of 27%-50% in the antigen presentation pathway and of 16%-21% in the interferon signaling pathway. Our analysis suggests that a significant number of tumors harbor mutations that may negatively interfere with immune checkpoint inhibition, or confer a higher likelihood of resistance for which a second hit is ultimately required. Since these mutations are prevalent in treatment-naïve tumors, genetic screening prior to therapy might complement current approaches at predicting response to immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Sites Berlin and Heidelberg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Bockmayr
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Sites Berlin and Heidelberg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Endris
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Sites Berlin and Heidelberg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Section for Personalized Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Sites Berlin and Heidelberg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Sites Berlin and Heidelberg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Sites Berlin and Heidelberg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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44
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Qamra A, Xing M, Padmanabhan N, Kwok JJT, Zhang S, Xu C, Leong YS, Lee Lim AP, Tang Q, Ooi WF, Suling Lin J, Nandi T, Yao X, Ong X, Lee M, Tay ST, Keng ATL, Gondo Santoso E, Ng CCY, Ng A, Jusakul A, Smoot D, Ashktorab H, Rha SY, Yeoh KG, Peng Yong W, Chow PK, Chan WH, Ong HS, Soo KC, Kim KM, Wong WK, Rozen SG, Teh BT, Kappei D, Lee J, Connolly J, Tan P. Epigenomic Promoter Alterations Amplify Gene Isoform and Immunogenic Diversity in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:630-651. [DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Nicolet BP, Guislain A, Wolkers MC. Combined Single-Cell Measurement of Cytokine mRNA and Protein Identifies T Cells with Persistent Effector Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:962-970. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Fehrenbacher L, Spira A, Ballinger M, Kowanetz M, Vansteenkiste J, Mazieres J, Park K, Smith D, Artal-Cortes A, Lewanski C, Braiteh F, Waterkamp D, He P, Zou W, Chen DS, Yi J, Sandler A, Rittmeyer A. Atezolizumab versus docetaxel for patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (POPLAR): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2016; 387:1837-46. [PMID: 26970723 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2102] [Impact Index Per Article: 262.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes are poor for patients with previously treated, advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody atezolizumab is clinically active against cancer, including NSCLC, especially cancers expressing PD-L1 on tumour cells, tumour-infiltrating immune cells, or both. We assessed efficacy and safety of atezolizumab versus docetaxel in previously treated NSCLC, analysed by PD-L1 expression levels on tumour cells and tumour-infiltrating immune cells and in the intention-to-treat population. METHODS In this open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial, patients with NSCLC who progressed on post-platinum chemotherapy were recruited in 61 academic medical centres and community oncology practices across 13 countries in Europe and North America. Key inclusion criteria were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1, measurable disease by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1), and adequate haematological and end-organ function. Patients were stratified by PD-L1 tumour-infiltrating immune cell status, histology, and previous lines of therapy, and randomly assigned (1:1) by permuted block randomisation (with a block size of four) using an interactive voice or web system to receive intravenous atezolizumab 1200 mg or docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) once every 3 weeks. Baseline PD-L1 expression was scored by immunohistochemistry in tumour cells (as percentage of PD-L1-expressing tumour cells TC3≥50%, TC2≥5% and <50%, TC1≥1% and <5%, and TC0<1%) and tumour-infiltrating immune cells (as percentage of tumour area: IC3≥10%, IC2≥5% and <10%, IC1≥1% and <5%, and IC0<1%). The primary endpoint was overall survival in the intention-to-treat population and PD-L1 subgroups at 173 deaths. Biomarkers were assessed in an exploratory analysis. We assessed safety in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01903993. FINDINGS Patients were enrolled between Aug 5, 2013, and March 31, 2014. 144 patients were randomly allocated to the atezolizumab group, and 143 to the docetaxel group. 142 patients received at least one dose of atezolizumab and 135 received docetaxel. Overall survival in the intention-to-treat population was 12·6 months (95% CI 9·7-16·4) for atezolizumab versus 9·7 months (8·6-12·0) for docetaxel (hazard ratio [HR] 0·73 [95% CI 0·53-0·99]; p=0·04). Increasing improvement in overall survival was associated with increasing PD-L1 expression (TC3 or IC3 HR 0·49 [0·22-1·07; p=0·068], TC2/3 or IC2/3 HR 0·54 [0·33-0·89; p=0·014], TC1/2/3 or IC1/2/3 HR 0·59 [0·40-0·85; p=0·005], TC0 and IC0 HR 1·04 [0·62-1·75; p=0·871]). In our exploratory analysis, patients with pre-existing immunity, defined by high T-effector-interferon-γ-associated gene expression, had improved overall survival with atezolizumab. 11 (8%) patients in the atezolizumab group discontinued because of adverse events versus 30 (22%) patients in the docetaxel group. 16 (11%) patients in the atezolizumab group versus 52 (39%) patients in the docetaxel group had treatment-related grade 3-4 adverse events, and one (<1%) patient in the atezolizumab group versus three (2%) patients in the docetaxel group died from a treatment-related adverse event. INTERPRETATION Atezolizumab significantly improved survival compared with docetaxel in patients with previously treated NSCLC. Improvement correlated with PD-L1 immunohistochemistry expression on tumour cells and tumour-infiltrating immune cells, suggesting that PD-L1 expression is predictive for atezolizumab benefit. Atezolizumab was well tolerated, with a safety profile distinct from chemotherapy. FUNDING F Hoffmann-La Roche/Genentech Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Spira
- US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX, USA; Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Julien Mazieres
- Toulouse University Hospital, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Keunchil Park
- Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - David Smith
- US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX, USA; Compass Oncology, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Angel Artal-Cortes
- Servicio de Oncologia Medica, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Fadi Braiteh
- US Oncology Research, The Woodlands, TX, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | | | - Pei He
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zou
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jing Yi
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Frasca D, Blomberg BB. B Cell-Specific Biomarkers for Optimal Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination and Molecular Pathways That Reduce B Cell Function with Aging. Crit Rev Immunol 2016; 36:523-537. [PMID: 28845758 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2017020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent findings on the effects of aging on influenza vaccine responses, with major emphasis on T and B cells, which are significantly impaired by aging. We discuss changes in T cell production and thymic output; T cell subsets; and TCR repertoire, function, and response to latent persistent infection. We also discuss changes in B cell subsets, repertoire, and function, and how function is impaired by increased intrinsic B cell inflammation and reduced signal transduction. This review presents age-related effects on antigen-presenting cells, summarizes recent studies, including our own, aimed at the identification of biomarkers of protective vaccine responses, and provides examples of recent technical advances and insights into human vaccine responses that are helping to define the features associated with successful vaccination and that may enable a more predictive vaccinology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
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48
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Barr T, Girke T, Sureshchandra S, Nguyen C, Grant K, Messaoudi I. Alcohol Consumption Modulates Host Defense in Rhesus Macaques by Altering Gene Expression in Circulating Leukocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:182-95. [PMID: 26621857 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that chronic alcohol use disorder leads to increased susceptibility to several viral and bacterial infections, whereas moderate alcohol consumption decreases the incidence of colds and improves immune responses to some pathogens. In line with these observations, we recently showed that heavy ethanol intake (average blood ethanol concentrations > 80 mg/dl) suppressed, whereas moderate alcohol consumption (blood ethanol concentrations < 50 mg/dl) enhanced, T and B cell responses to modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination in a nonhuman primate model of voluntary ethanol consumption. To uncover the molecular basis for impaired immunity with heavy alcohol consumption and enhanced immune response with moderate alcohol consumption, we performed a transcriptome analysis using PBMCs isolated on day 7 post-modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination, the earliest time point at which we detected differences in T cell and Ab responses. Overall, chronic heavy alcohol consumption reduced the expression of immune genes involved in response to infection and wound healing and increased the expression of genes associated with the development of lung inflammatory disease and cancer. In contrast, chronic moderate alcohol consumption upregulated the expression of genes involved in immune response and reduced the expression of genes involved in cancer. To uncover mechanisms underlying the alterations in PBMC transcriptomes, we profiled the expression of microRNAs within the same samples. Chronic heavy ethanol consumption altered the levels of several microRNAs involved in cancer and immunity and known to regulate the expression of mRNAs differentially expressed in our data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha Barr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Thomas Girke
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521; and
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Christina Nguyen
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Kathleen Grant
- Division of Neurosciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521;
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Callari M, Cappelletti V, D'Aiuto F, Musella V, Lembo A, Petel F, Karn T, Iwamoto T, Provero P, Daidone MG, Gianni L, Bianchini G. Subtype-Specific Metagene-Based Prediction of Outcome after Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Treatment in Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:337-45. [PMID: 26423797 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In spite of improvements of average benefit from adjuvant/neoadjuvant treatments, there are still individual patients with early breast cancer at high risk of relapse. We explored the association with outcome of robust gene cluster-based metagenes linked to proliferation, ER-related genes, and immune response to identify those high-risk patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 3,847 publicly available gene-expression profiles were analyzed (untreated, N = 826; tamoxifen-treated, N = 685; chemotherapy-treated, N = 1,150). Genes poorly performing in formalin-fixed samples were removed. Outcomes of interest were pathologic-complete response (pCR) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). In ER(+)HER2(-), the proliferation and ER-related metagenes were combined to define three risk groups. In HER2(+) and ER(-)HER2(-) risk groups were defined by tertiles of an immune-related metagene. RESULTS The high-proliferation/low-ER group of ER(+)HER2(-) breast cancer had significantly higher pCR rate [OR, 5.01 (1.76-17.99), P = 0.005], but poorer outcome [HR = 3.73 (1.63-8.51), P = 0.0018] than the low-proliferation/high-ER. A similar association with outcome applied to patients with residual disease (RD) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.01). In ER(-)HER2(-) and HER2(+) breast cancer, immune metagene in the high tertile was linked to higher pCR [33.7% vs. 11.6% in high and low tertile, respectively; OR, 3.87 (1.79-8.95); P = 0.0009]. In ER(-)HER2(-), after adjuvant/neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 5-year DMFS was 85.4% for high-tertile immune metagene, and 43.9% for low tertile. The outcome association was similar in patients with RD (P = 0.0055). In HER2(+) breast cancer treated with chemotherapy the association with risk of relapse was not significant. CONCLUSIONS We developed metagene-based predictors able to define low and high risk of relapse after adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy. High-risk patients so defined should be preferably considered for trials with investigational agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Callari
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Cappelletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Aiuto
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Musella
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Lembo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabien Petel
- Tumor Identity Cards Programme (CIT), Research Department, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Karn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Takayuki Iwamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Daidone
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca Gianni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Sarkadi J, Jankovics M, Fodor K, Kis Z, Takacs M, Visontai I, Jankovics I, Gonczol E. High-level cellular and humoral immune responses in Guinea pigs immunized intradermally with a heat-inactivated varicella-zoster virus vaccine. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2015; 22:570-7. [PMID: 25787138 PMCID: PMC4412949 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00773-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The threat of varicella and herpes zoster in immunocompromised individuals necessitates the development of a safe and effective varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine. The immune responses of guinea pigs to the intradermal (i.d.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of a heat-inactivated or live VZV vaccine were investigated. Relative to nonimmunized animals, a single 399-PFU dose of vaccine induced nonsignificant increases in gamma interferon (IFN-γ), granzyme B, and perforin mRNA expression in the splenocytes of all groups, while two i.d. administrations of the inactivated vaccine increased IFN-γ mRNA expression significantly (P < 0.005). A single 1,995-PFU dose significantly increased the expression of IFN-γ mRNA in the groups receiving the vaccine either i.d. (P < 0.005) or s.c. (P < 0.05), that of granzyme B mRNA in the groups immunized i.d. with the inactivated (P < 0.005) or live (P < 0.005) vaccine, and that of perforin mRNA in the animals that received the inactivated vaccine i.d. (P < 0.005). Importantly, increases in the expression of IFN-γ (P = 0.025), granzyme B (P = 0.004), and perforin (P > 0.05) mRNAs were observed in the animals immunized i.d. with 1,995 PFU of inactivated vaccine relative to those immunized s.c. with the same dose. The proportion of animals expressing IFN-γ mRNA mirrored the proportion expressing IFN-γ protein (correlation coefficient of 0.88). VZV glycoprotein-specific and virus-neutralizing antibodies were produced with no significant intergroup differences. A booster i.d. administration of the 399-PFU dose of heat-inactivated vaccine enhanced the antibody responses. These results demonstrate that i.d. administration of an inactivated VZV vaccine can be an efficient mode of immunization against VZV.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Chickenpox Vaccine/administration & dosage
- Chickenpox Vaccine/immunology
- Granzymes/genetics
- Granzymes/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- Herpesvirus 3, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 3, Human/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunization, Secondary
- Injections, Intradermal
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Perforin/genetics
- Perforin/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sarkadi
- Division of Virology, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mate Jankovics
- Division of Virology, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Fodor
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent Istvan University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kis
- Division of Virology, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Takacs
- Division of Virology, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Visontai
- Division of Virology, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Istvan Jankovics
- Division of Virology, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva Gonczol
- Division of Virology, National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
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