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Cardoso Santos G, Alves de Jesus A, Passaglia P, Novaes Morgan HJ, Carvalho Navegantes LC, Leico Kagohara Elias L, Cárnio EC. Central angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates hypoglycemia in sepsis-like conditions via reducing systemic and hepatic inflammation. Cytokine 2024; 179:156637. [PMID: 38723454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is understood as the result of initiating systemic inflammation derived from an inadequate host response against pathogens. In its acute phase, sepsis is marked by an exacerbated reaction to infection, tissue damage, organ failure, and metabolic dysfunction. Among these, hypoglycemia, characterized by disorders of the gluconeogenesis pathway, is related to one of the leading causes of mortality in septic patients. Recent research has investigated the involvement of sympathetic efferent neuroimmune pathways during systemic inflammation. These pathways can be stimulated by several centrally administered drugs, including Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)). Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effects of central treatment with Ang-(1-7) on hypoglycemia during endotoxemia. For this, male Wistar Hannover rats underwent stereotaxic surgery for intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of Ang-(1-7) and cannulation of the jugular vein for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Our results demonstrate that LPS was capable of inducing hypoglycemia and that prior central treatment with Ang-(1-7) attenuated this effect. Our data also show that Ang-(1-7) reduced plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and nitric oxide, in addition to the decrease and increase of hepatic IL-6 and IL-10 respectively, in animals subjected to systemic inflammation by LPS, resulting in the reduction of systemic and hepatic inflammation, thus attenuating the deleterious effects of LPS on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase protein content. In summary, the data suggest that central treatment with Ang-(1-7) attenuates hypoglycemia induced by endotoxemia, probably through anti-inflammatory action, leading to reestablishing hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cardoso Santos
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline Alves de Jesus
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Passaglia
- Department of Oral and Basic Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique J Novaes Morgan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lucila Leico Kagohara Elias
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelin Capellari Cárnio
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of General and Specialized Nursing, Ribeirão Preto, College of Nursing,University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Passaglia P, Kanashiro A, Batista Silva H, Carlos Carvalho Navegantes L, Lacchini R, Capellari Cárnio E, Branco LGS. Diminazene aceturate attenuates systemic inflammation via microbiota gut-5-HT brain-spleen sympathetic axis in male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:105-119. [PMID: 38548186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic arm of the inflammatory reflex is the efferent pathway through which the central nervous system (CNS) can control peripheral immune responses. Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) is an antiparasitic drug that has been reported to exert protective effects on various experimental models of inflammation. However, the pathways by which DIZE promotes a protective immunomodulatory effects still need to be well established, and no studies demonstrate the capacity of DIZE to modulate a neural reflex to control inflammation. C57BL/6 male mice received intraperitoneal administration of DIZE (2 mg/Kg) followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/Kg, i.p.). Endotoxemic animals showed hyperresponsiveness to inflammatory signals, while those treated with DIZE promoted the activation of the inflammatory reflex to attenuate the inflammatory response during endotoxemia. The unilateral cervical vagotomy did not affect the anti-inflammatory effect of DIZE in the spleen and serum. At the same time, splenic denervation attenuated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) synthesis in the spleen and serum. Using broad-spectrum antibiotics for two weeks showed that LPS modulated the microbiota to induce a pro-inflammatory profile in the intestine and reduced the serum concentration of tryptophan and serotonin (5-HT), while DIZE restored serum tryptophan and increased the hypothalamic 5-HT levels. Furthermore, the treatment with 4-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine (pcpa, an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis) abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of the DIZE in the spleen. Our results indicate that DIZE promotes microbiota modulation to increase central 5-HT levels and activates the efferent sympathetic arm of the inflammatory reflex to control splenic TNF production in endotoxemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Passaglia
- Department of Oral and Basic Biology Ribeirão Preto, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hadder Batista Silva
- Department of General Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelin Capellari Cárnio
- Department of General Nursing, School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz G S Branco
- Department of Oral and Basic Biology Ribeirão Preto, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Yang Y, Eguchi A, Mori C, Hashimoto K. Splenic nerve denervation attenuates depression-like behaviors in Chrna7 knock-out mice via the spleen-gut-brain axis. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:114-125. [PMID: 38944290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence highlights the role of the spleen-brain axis in inflammation-associated depression. The α7-subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR, encoded by the Chrna7 gene) is implicated in systemic inflammation, with Chrna7 knock-out (KO) mice displaying depression-like behaviors. Yet, the influence of spleen nerve on depression-like behaviors in these KO mice remains to be elucidated. METHODS We investigated the effects of the splenic nerve denervation (SND) on depression-like behaviors, the protein expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and the gut microbiota composition in Chrna7 KO mice. RESULTS SND markedly alleviated depression-like behaviors and the reduced expression of GluA1 and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) in the PFC of Chrna7 KO mice. No changes in α-diversity of gut microbiota were noted among the control, KO + sham, and KO + SND groups. However, significant differences in β-diversity of gut microbiota were noted among the groups. Notable alterations in various microbiota (e.g., Fluviimonas_pallidilutea, Maribacter_arcticus, Parvibacter_caecicola) and plasma metabolites (e.g., helicide, N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid, α-D-galactose 1-phosphate, choline, creatine) were observed between KO + sham and KO + SND groups. Interestingly, correlations were found between the relative abundance of specific microbiota and other outcomes, including synaptic proteins, metabolites and behavioral data. LIMITATIONS The underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the splenic nerve contributes to depression-like phenotypes in Chrna7 KO mice via the spleen-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8677, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Chiba University Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Chiba University Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
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Zafeiropoulos S, Ahmed U, Bekiaridou A, Jayaprakash N, Mughrabi IT, Saleknezhad N, Chadwick C, Daytz A, Kurata-Sato I, Atish-Fregoso Y, Carroll K, Al-Abed Y, Fudim M, Puleo C, Giannakoulas G, Nicolls MR, Diamond B, Zanos S. Ultrasound Neuromodulation of an Anti-Inflammatory Pathway at the Spleen Improves Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ Res 2024; 135:41-56. [PMID: 38712557 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is pathogenically implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension; however, it has not been adequately targeted therapeutically. We investigated whether neuromodulation of an anti-inflammatory neuroimmune pathway involving the splenic nerve using noninvasive, focused ultrasound stimulation of the spleen (sFUS) can improve experimental pulmonary hypertension. METHODS Pulmonary hypertension was induced in rats either by Sugen 5416 (20 mg/kg SQ) injection, followed by 21 (or 35) days of hypoxia (sugen/hypoxia model), or by monocrotaline (60 mg/kg IP) injection (monocrotaline model). Animals were randomized to receive either 12-minute-long sessions of sFUS daily or sham stimulation for 14 days. Catheterizations, echocardiography, indices of autonomic function, lung and heart histology and immunohistochemistry, spleen flow cytometry, and lung single-cell RNA sequencing were performed after treatment to assess the effects of sFUS. RESULTS Splenic denervation right before induction of pulmonary hypertension results in a more severe disease phenotype. In both sugen/hypoxia and monocrotaline models, sFUS treatment reduces right ventricular systolic pressure by 25% to 30% compared with sham treatment, without affecting systemic pressure, and improves right ventricular function and autonomic indices. sFUS reduces wall thickness, apoptosis, and proliferation in small pulmonary arterioles, suppresses CD3+ and CD68+ cell infiltration in lungs and right ventricular fibrosis and hypertrophy and lowers BNP (brain natriuretic peptide). Beneficial effects persist for weeks after sFUS discontinuation and are more robust with early and longer treatment. Splenic denervation abolishes sFUS therapeutic benefits. sFUS partially normalizes CD68+ and CD8+ T-cell counts in the spleen and downregulates several inflammatory genes and pathways in nonclassical and classical monocytes and macrophages in the lung. Differentially expressed genes in those cell types are significantly enriched for human pulmonary arterial hypertension-associated genes. CONCLUSIONS sFUS causes dose-dependent, sustained improvement of hemodynamic, autonomic, laboratory, and pathological manifestations in 2 models of experimental pulmonary hypertension. Mechanistically, sFUS normalizes immune cell populations in the spleen and downregulates inflammatory genes and pathways in the lung, many of which are relevant in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Zafeiropoulos
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (S. Zafeiropoulos, A.B., Y.A.-A., G.G., S. Zanos)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine (S. Zafeiropoulos, U.A., A.B., N.J., I.T.M., N.S., A.D., Y.A.-A., S. Zanos), Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Umair Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY (U.A.)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine (S. Zafeiropoulos, U.A., A.B., N.J., I.T.M., N.S., A.D., Y.A.-A., S. Zanos), Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Alexandra Bekiaridou
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (S. Zafeiropoulos, A.B., Y.A.-A., G.G., S. Zanos)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine (S. Zafeiropoulos, U.A., A.B., N.J., I.T.M., N.S., A.D., Y.A.-A., S. Zanos), Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Naveen Jayaprakash
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine (S. Zafeiropoulos, U.A., A.B., N.J., I.T.M., N.S., A.D., Y.A.-A., S. Zanos), Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Ibrahim T Mughrabi
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine (S. Zafeiropoulos, U.A., A.B., N.J., I.T.M., N.S., A.D., Y.A.-A., S. Zanos), Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Nafiseh Saleknezhad
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine (S. Zafeiropoulos, U.A., A.B., N.J., I.T.M., N.S., A.D., Y.A.-A., S. Zanos), Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | | | - Anna Daytz
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine (S. Zafeiropoulos, U.A., A.B., N.J., I.T.M., N.S., A.D., Y.A.-A., S. Zanos), Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Izumi Kurata-Sato
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (I.K.-S., Y.A.-F., K.C., B.D.), Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Yemil Atish-Fregoso
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (I.K.-S., Y.A.-F., K.C., B.D.), Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Kaitlin Carroll
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (I.K.-S., Y.A.-F., K.C., B.D.), Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (S. Zafeiropoulos, A.B., Y.A.-A., G.G., S. Zanos)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine (S. Zafeiropoulos, U.A., A.B., N.J., I.T.M., N.S., A.D., Y.A.-A., S. Zanos), Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Marat Fudim
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (M.F.)
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC (M.F.)
| | | | - George Giannakoulas
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (S. Zafeiropoulos, A.B., Y.A.-A., G.G., S. Zanos)
- Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA (M.R.N.)
| | - Betty Diamond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (I.K.-S., Y.A.-F., K.C., B.D.), Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY (B.D., S. Zanos)
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY (S. Zafeiropoulos, A.B., Y.A.-A., G.G., S. Zanos)
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine (S. Zafeiropoulos, U.A., A.B., N.J., I.T.M., N.S., A.D., Y.A.-A., S. Zanos), Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY (B.D., S. Zanos)
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Tanaka S. Targeting inflammation in perivascular cells and neuroimmune interactions for treating kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024; 28:505-512. [PMID: 38630367 PMCID: PMC11116252 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-024-02494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases. Kidney perivascular cells (pericytes/fibroblasts) are responsible for producing proinflammatory molecules, promoting immune cell infiltration, and enhancing inflammation. Vascular adhesion protein-1, expressed in kidney perivascular cells, is an ectoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of primary amines with the production of hydrogen peroxide in the extracellular space. Our study demonstrated that blocking this enzyme suppressed hydrogen peroxide production and neutrophil infiltration, thereby reducing renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling was also observed to play an essential role in the regulation of perivascular inflammation. S1P, which is produced in kidney perivascular cells, is transported into the extracellular space via spinster homolog 2, and then binds to S1P receptor-1 expressed in perivascular cells. Upon injury, inflammatory signaling in perivascular cells is enhanced by this pathway, thereby promoting immune cell infiltration and subsequent fibrosis. Furthermore, inhibition of S1P transport by spinster homolog 2 reduces kidney fibrosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors can restore the capacity for erythropoietin production in kidney perivascular cells. Animal data suggested that these drugs could also alleviate kidney and lipid inflammation although the precise mechanism is still unknown. Neuroimmune interactions have been attracting significant attention due to their potential to benefit patients with inflammatory diseases. Vagus nerve stimulation is one of the most promising strategies for harnessing neuroimmune interactions and attenuating inflammation associated with various diseases, including kidney disease. Using cutting-edge tools, the vagal afferents-C1 neurons-sympathetic nervous system-splenic nerve-spleen-kidney axis responsible for kidney protection induced by vagus nerve stimulation was identified in our study. Further research is required to decipher other crucial systems that control kidney inflammation and to determine whether these novel strategies can be applied to patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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Moura MM, Monteiro A, Salgado AJ, Silva NA, Monteiro S. Disrupted autonomic pathways in spinal cord injury: Implications for the immune regulation. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106500. [PMID: 38614275 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) disrupts critical autonomic pathways responsible for the regulation of the immune function. Consequently, individuals with SCI often exhibit a spectrum of immune dysfunctions ranging from the development of damaging pro-inflammatory responses to severe immunosuppression. Thus, it is imperative to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the extent and mechanisms through which SCI-induced autonomic dysfunction influences the immune response. In this review, we provide an overview of the anatomical organization and physiology of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), elucidating how SCI impacts its function, with a particular focus on lymphoid organs and immune activity. We highlight recent advances in understanding how intraspinal plasticity that follows SCI may contribute to aberrant autonomic activity in lymphoid organs. Additionally, we discuss how sympathetic mediators released by these neuron terminals affect immune cell function. Finally, we discuss emerging innovative technologies and potential clinical interventions targeting the ANS as a strategy to restore the normal regulation of the immune response in individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Moura
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andreia Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Zhang W, Pan X, Fu J, Cheng W, Lin H, Zhang W, Huang Z. Phytochemicals derived from Nicotiana tabacum L. plant contribute to pharmaceutical development. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1372456. [PMID: 38681197 PMCID: PMC11045950 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1372456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The Nicotiana tabacum L. plant, a medicinal resource, holds significant potential for benefiting human health, as evidenced by its use in Native American and ancient Chinese cultures. Modern medical and pharmaceutical studies have investigated that the abundant and distinctive function metabolites in tobacco including nicotine, solanesol, cembranoid diterpenes, essential oil, seed oil and other tobacco extracts, avoiding the toxic components of smoke, mainly have the anti-oxidation, anti-lipid production, pro-lipid oxidation, pro-insulin sensitivity, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and antimicrobial activities. They showed potential pharmaceutical value mainly as supplements or substitutes for treating neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, inflammatory diseases including colitis, arthritis, sepsis, multiple sclerosis, and myocarditis, and metabolic syndrome including Obesity and fatty liver. This review comprehensively presents the research status and the molecular mechanisms of tobacco and its metabolites basing on almost all the English and Chinese literature in recent 20 years in the field of medicine and pharmacology. This review serves as a foundation for future research on the medicinal potential of tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Cheng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenrui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Liu S, Fu W, Fu J, Chen G, He Y, Zheng T, Ma T. Electroacupuncture alleviates intestinal inflammation via a distinct neuro-immune signal pathway in the treatment of postoperative ileus. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116387. [PMID: 38471276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The induction of intestinal inflammation as a result of abdominal surgery is an essential factor in postoperative ileus (POI) development. Electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 has been demonstrated to relieve intestinal inflammation and restore gastrointestinal dysmotility in POI. This study aims to elucidate the neuroimmune pathway involved in the anti-inflammatory properties of EA in POI. METHODS After intestinal manipulation (IM) was performed to induce POI, intestinal inflammation and motility were assessed 24 h post-IM, by evaluating gastrointestinal transit (GIT), cytokines expression, and leukocyte infiltration. Experimental surgery, pharmacological intervention, and genetic knockout mice were used to elucidate the neuroimmune mechanisms of EA. RESULTS EA at ST36 significantly improved GIT and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and leukocyte infiltration in the intestinal muscularis following IM in mice. The anti-inflammatory effectiveness of EA treatment was abolished by sub-diaphragmatic vagotomy, whereas splenectomy did not hinder the anti-inflammatory benefits of EA treatment. The hexamethonium chloride (HEX) administration contributes to a notable reduction in the EA capacity to suppress inflammation and enhance motility dysfunction, and EA is ineffective in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS EA at ST36 prevents intestinal inflammation and dysmotility through a neural circuit that requires vagal innervation but is independent of the spleen. Further findings revealed that the process involves enteric neurons mediating the vagal signal and requires the presence of α7nAChR. These findings suggest that utilizing EA at ST36 may represent a possible therapeutic approach for POI and other immune-related gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jingnan Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Characteristics Medical Center of Chinese People Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Guibing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College and The First Affilliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Yuxin He
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Reel JM, Abbadi J, Cox MA. T cells at the interface of neuroimmune communication. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:894-903. [PMID: 37952833 PMCID: PMC10999355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system protects the host from infection and works to heal damaged tissue after infection or injury. There is increasing evidence that the immune system and the nervous system work in concert to achieve these goals. The sensory nervous system senses injury, infection, and inflammation, which results in a direct pain signal. Direct activation of peripheral sensory nerves can drive an inflammatory response in the skin. Immune cells express receptors for numerous transmitters released from sensory and autonomic nerves, which allows the nervous system to communicate directly with the immune system. This communication is bidirectional because immune cells can also produce neurotransmitters. Both innate and adaptive immune cells respond to neuronal signaling, but T cells appear to be at the helm of neuroimmune communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Reel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Jumana Abbadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Maureen A Cox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla.
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10
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Abstract
Although there is little direct evidence supporting that stress affects cancer incidence, it does influence the evolution, dissemination and therapeutic outcomes of neoplasia, as shown in human epidemiological analyses and mouse models. The experience of and response to physiological and psychological stressors can trigger neurological and endocrine alterations, which subsequently influence malignant (stem) cells, stromal cells and immune cells in the tumour microenvironment, as well as systemic factors in the tumour macroenvironment. Importantly, stress-induced neuroendocrine changes that can regulate immune responses have been gradually uncovered. Numerous stress-associated immunomodulatory molecules (SAIMs) can reshape natural or therapy-induced antitumour responses by engaging their corresponding receptors on immune cells. Moreover, stress can cause systemic or local metabolic reprogramming and change the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota which can indirectly modulate antitumour immunity. Here, we explore the complex circuitries that link stress to perturbations in the cancer-immune dialogue and their implications for therapeutic approaches to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, China
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Lauten TH, Natour T, Case AJ. Innate and adaptive immune system consequences of post-traumatic stress disorder. Auton Neurosci 2024; 252:103159. [PMID: 38428324 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In the field of psychiatry, biological markers are rarely, if ever, used in the diagnosis of mental health disorders. Clinicians rely primarily on patient histories and behavioral symptoms to identify specific psychopathologies, which makes diagnosis highly subjective. Moreover, therapies for mental health disorders are aimed specifically at attenuating behavioral manifestations, which overlooks the pathophysiological indices of the disease. This is highly evident in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) where inflammation and immune system perturbations are becoming increasingly described. Further, patients with PTSD possess significantly elevated risks of developing comorbid inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases, which are likely linked (though not fully proven) to the apparent dysregulation of the immune system after psychological trauma. To date, there is little to no evidence that demonstrates current PTSD therapies are able to reverse the increased risk for psychological trauma-induced inflammatory diseases, which suggests the behavioral and somatic consequences of PTSD may not be tightly coupled. This observation provides an opportunity to explore unique mechanisms outside of the brain that contribute to the long-term pathology of PTSD. Herein, we provide an overview of neuroimmune mechanisms, describe what is known regarding innate and adaptive immunity in PTSD, and suggest new directions that are needed to advance the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of PTSD moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatlock H Lauten
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Tamara Natour
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Adam J Case
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States; Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States.
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12
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Alvarez MR, Alkaissi H, Rieger AM, Esber GR, Acosta ME, Stephenson SI, Maurice AV, Valencia LMR, Roman CA, Alarcon JM. The immunomodulatory effect of oral NaHCO 3 is mediated by the splenic nerve: multivariate impact revealed by artificial neural networks. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:79. [PMID: 38549144 PMCID: PMC10976719 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of the inflammatory reflex (IR) is a promising strategy for treating systemic inflammatory disorders. Recent studies suggest oral sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as a potential activator of the IR, offering a safe and cost-effective treatment approach. However, the mechanisms underlying NaHCO3-induced anti-inflammatory effects remain unclear. We investigated whether oral NaHCO3's immunomodulatory effects are mediated by the splenic nerve. Female rats received NaHCO3 or water (H2O) for four days, and splenic immune markers were assessed using flow cytometry. NaHCO3 led to a significant increase (p < 0.05, and/or partial eta squared > 0.06) in anti-inflammatory markers, including CD11bc + CD206 + (M2-like) macrophages, CD3 + CD4 + FoxP3 + cells (Tregs), and Tregs/M1-like ratio. Conversely, proinflammatory markers, such as CD11bc + CD38 + TNFα + (M1-like) macrophages, M1-like/M2-like ratio, and SSChigh/SSClow ratio of FSChighCD11bc + cells, decreased in the spleen following NaHCO3 administration. These effects were abolished in spleen-denervated rats, suggesting the necessity of the splenic nerve in mediating NaHCO3-induced immunomodulation. Artificial neural networks accurately classified NaHCO3 and H2O treatment in sham rats but failed in spleen-denervated rats, highlighting the splenic nerve's critical role. Additionally, spleen denervation independently influenced Tregs, M2-like macrophages, Tregs/M1-like ratio, and CD11bc + CD38 + cells, indicating distinct effects from both surgery and treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) further supported the separate effects. Our findings suggest that the splenic nerve transmits oral NaHCO3-induced immunomodulatory changes to the spleen, emphasizing NaHCO3's potential as an IR activator with therapeutic implications for a wide spectrum of systemic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Rodriguez Alvarez
- School of Graduate Studies & Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- Department of Rheumatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
| | - Hussam Alkaissi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, NIH/NIDDK, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aja M Rieger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guillem R Esber
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Manuel E Acosta
- Mathematics and Computer Sciences Department, Barry University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stacy I Stephenson
- Division of Comparative Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Allison V Maurice
- Division of Comparative Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Christopher A Roman
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Juan Marcos Alarcon
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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13
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Hesampour F, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Brain-Gut Axis: Invasive and Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation, Limitations, and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024; 30:482-495. [PMID: 37738641 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing condition with no known etiology and is characterized by disrupted gut homeostasis, chronic inflammation, and ulcerative lesions. Although current treatments can reduce disease activity, IBD frequently recurs once treatments are discontinued, indicating that treatments are ineffective in providing long-term remission. The lack of responsiveness and reluctance of some affected persons to take medications because of potential adverse effects has enhanced the need for novel therapeutic approaches. The vagus nerve (VN) is likely important in the pathogenesis of IBD, considering the decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system, especially the VN, and the impaired interaction between the enteric nervous system and central nervous system in patients with IBD. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory disorders, including IBD, by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines by immune cells. It has been suggested that stimulating the vagus nerve to induce its anti-inflammatory effects may be a potential therapeutic approach for IBD. Noninvasive techniques for VNS have been developed. Considering the importance of VN function in the brain-gut axis, VNS is a promising treatment option for IBD. This review discusses the potential therapeutic advantages and drawbacks of VNS, particularly the use of noninvasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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14
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Budhiraja A, Mehta A, Alhamo MA, Swedarsky R, Dahle S, Isseroff RR. Vagus nerve stimulation: Potential for treating chronic wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2024; 32:108-117. [PMID: 38235529 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been approved as a treatment for various conditions, including drug-resistant epilepsy, migraines, chronic cluster headaches and treatment-resistant depression. It is known to have anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-adrenergic effects, and its therapeutic potential for diverse pathologies is being investigated. VNS can be achieved through invasive (iVNS) or non-invasive (niVNS) means, targeting different branches of the vagus nerve. iVNS devices require surgical implantation and have associated risks, while niVNS devices are generally better tolerated and have a better safety profile. Studies have shown that both iVNS and niVNS can reduce inflammation and pain perception in patients with acute and chronic conditions. VNS devices, such as the VNS Therapy System and MicroTransponder Vivistim, have received Food and Drug Administration approval for specific indications. Other niVNS devices, like NEMOS and gammaCore, have shown effectiveness in managing epilepsy, pain and migraines. VNS has also demonstrated potential in autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, as well as neurological disorders like epilepsy and migraines. In addition, VNS has been explored in cardiovascular disorders, including post-operative atrial fibrillation and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and has shown positive outcomes. The mechanisms behind VNS's effects include the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, modulation of cytokines and activation of specialised pro-resolving mediators. The modulation of inflammation by VNS presents a promising avenue for investigating its potential to improve the healing of chronic wounds. However, more research is needed to understand the specific mechanisms and optimise the use of VNS in wound healing. Ongoing clinical trials may support the use of this modality as an adjunct to improve healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Budhiraja
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Alisha Mehta
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Moyasar A Alhamo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Sara Dahle
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Podiatry Section, VA Northern California Health Care System, California, USA
| | - R Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Dermatology Section, VA Northern California Health Care System, California, USA
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15
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Zhu X, Huang JY, Dong WY, Tang HD, Xu S, Wu Q, Zhang H, Cheng PK, Jin Y, Zhu MY, Zhao W, Mao Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang H, Tao W, Tian Y, Bai L, Zhang Z. Somatosensory cortex and central amygdala regulate neuropathic pain-mediated peripheral immune response via vagal projections to the spleen. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:471-483. [PMID: 38291284 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Pain involves neuroimmune crosstalk, but the mechanisms of this remain unclear. Here we showed that the splenic T helper 2 (TH2) immune cell response is differentially regulated in male mice with acute versus chronic neuropathic pain and that acetylcholinergic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (AChDMV) directly innervate the spleen. Combined in vivo recording and immune cell profiling revealed the following two distinct circuits involved in pain-mediated peripheral TH2 immune response: glutamatergic neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex (GluS1HL)→AChDMV→spleen circuit and GABAergic neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (GABACeA)→AChDMV→spleen circuit. The acute pain condition elicits increased excitation from GluS1HL neurons to spleen-projecting AChDMV neurons and increased the proportion of splenic TH2 immune cells. The chronic pain condition increased inhibition from GABACeA neurons to spleen-projecting AChDMV neurons and decreased splenic TH2 immune cells. Our study thus demonstrates how the brain encodes pain-state-specific immune responses in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Ye Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Ying Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Di Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Si Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Qielan Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ping-Kai Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wan Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technique of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Tao
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, P. R. China.
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
- Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
- The Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine, Institute of Health and Medicine, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
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16
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Huang W, Yang J, Chen H, Li P, Wei W. Preservation of the pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve during three-dimensional thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer: a retrospective study. BMC Surg 2024; 24:49. [PMID: 38336679 PMCID: PMC10858570 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the effect of preservation of the pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve during systematic dissection of mediastinal lymph nodes, when performing radical resection of lung cancer, on the postoperative complication rate. METHODS The clinical data for 80 patients who underwent three-dimensional thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital between 2020 and 2022 were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve were retained during intraoperative carinal lymph node dissection. The operation time, time until first postoperative defecation, duration for which a chest tube was needed, total chest drainage volume, average pain intensity during the first 5 postoperative days, incidence of postoperative pneumonia, and postoperative length of stay were compared between the two groups. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in histological staging or in time until first postoperative defecation between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, there were significant differences in operation time, the duration for which a chest tube was needed, total chest drainage volume, average pain intensity during the first 5 postoperative days, white blood cell count and procalcitonin level on postoperative days 1 and 5, and postoperative length of stay between the two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Preserving the pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve during carinal lymph node dissection when performing three-dimensional thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer can reduce the risk of postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencong Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Jiantian Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Peijian Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516001, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, 41 Eling North Road, Huizhou, 516001, China.
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17
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Jelinek M, Lipkova J, Duris K. Vagus nerve stimulation as immunomodulatory therapy for stroke: A comprehensive review. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114628. [PMID: 38042360 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating cerebrovascular pathology with high morbidity and mortality. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of stroke. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising immunomodulatory method that has shown positive effects in stroke treatment, including neuroprotection, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, reduced infarct volume, improved neurological scores, and promotion of M2 microglial polarization. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the vagus nerve's immunomodulatory effects through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) and provide a comprehensive assessment of the available experimental literature focusing on the use of VNS in stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matyas Jelinek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jolana Lipkova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Duris
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Neurosurgery, The University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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18
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Komaru Y, Bai YZ, Kreisel D, Herrlich A. Interorgan communication networks in the kidney-lung axis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:120-136. [PMID: 37667081 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis and health of an organism depend on the coordinated interaction of specialized organs, which is regulated by interorgan communication networks of circulating soluble molecules and neuronal connections. Many diseases that seemingly affect one primary organ are really multiorgan diseases, with substantial secondary remote organ complications that underlie a large part of their morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently occurs in critically ill patients with multiorgan failure and is associated with high mortality, particularly when it occurs together with respiratory failure. Inflammatory lung lesions in patients with kidney failure that could be distinguished from pulmonary oedema due to volume overload were first reported in the 1930s, but have been largely overlooked in clinical settings. A series of studies over the past two decades have elucidated acute and chronic kidney-lung and lung-kidney interorgan communication networks involving various circulating inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, metabolites, uraemic toxins, immune cells and neuro-immune pathways. Further investigations are warranted to understand these clinical entities of high morbidity and mortality, and to develop effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Komaru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yun Zhu Bai
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andreas Herrlich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- VA Saint Louis Health Care System, John Cochran Division, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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19
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Keever KR, Cui K, Casteel JL, Singh S, Hoover DB, Williams DL, Pavlov VA, Yakubenko VP. Cholinergic signaling via the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor regulates the migration of monocyte-derived macrophages during acute inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:3. [PMID: 38178134 PMCID: PMC10765732 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-03001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of inflammation is an emerging concept with significant potential for clinical applications. Recent studies demonstrate that stimulating the vagus nerve activates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines and controls inflammation. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on macrophages plays a key role in mediating cholinergic anti-inflammatory effects through a downstream intracellular mechanism involving inhibition of NF-κB signaling, which results in suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. However, the role of the α7nAChR in the regulation of other aspects of the immune response, including the recruitment of monocytes/macrophages to the site of inflammation remained poorly understood. RESULTS We observed an increased mortality in α7nAChR-deficient mice (compared with wild-type controls) in mice with endotoxemia, which was paralleled with a significant reduction in the number of monocyte-derived macrophages in the lungs. Corroborating these results, fluorescently labeled α7nAChR-deficient monocytes adoptively transferred to WT mice showed significantly diminished recruitment to the inflamed tissue. α7nAChR deficiency did not affect monocyte 2D transmigration across an endothelial monolayer, but it significantly decreased the migration of macrophages in a 3D fibrin matrix. In vitro analysis of major adhesive receptors (L-selectin, β1 and β2 integrins) and chemokine receptors (CCR2 and CCR5) revealed reduced expression of integrin αM and αX on α7nAChR-deficient macrophages. Decreased expression of αMβ2 was confirmed on fluorescently labeled, adoptively transferred α7nAChR-deficient macrophages in the lungs of endotoxemic mice, indicating a potential mechanism for α7nAChR-mediated migration. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a novel role for the α7nAChR in mediating macrophage recruitment to inflamed tissue, which indicates an important new aspect of the cholinergic regulation of immune responses and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey R Keever
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson, TN, USA
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, USA
| | - Kui Cui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson, TN, USA
| | - Jared L Casteel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson, TN, USA
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, USA
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson, TN, USA
| | - Donald B Hoover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson, TN, USA
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, USA
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, USA
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, USA
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Center for Biomedical Science and Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, 11550, USA
| | - Valentin P Yakubenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70582, Johnson, TN, USA.
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, USA.
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20
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Andersson U, Tracey KJ. Vagus nerve SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammatory reflex dysfunction: Is there a causal relationship? J Intern Med 2024; 295:91-102. [PMID: 38018736 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Autonomic dysfunction is a clinical hallmark of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The vagus nerve inflammatory reflex is an important, well-characterized mechanism for the reflexive suppression of cytokine storm, and its experimental or clinical impairment facilitates the onset and progression of hyperinflammation. Recent pathological evidence from COVID-19 victims reveals viral infection and inflammation in the vagus nerve and associated nuclei in the medulla oblongata. Although it has been suggested that vagus nerve inflammation in these patients mediates dysregulated respiration, whether it also contributes to dysfunction of the vagus nerve inflammatory reflex has not been addressed. Because lethality and tissue injury in acute COVID-19 are characterized by cytokine storm, it is plausible to consider evidence that impairment of the inflammatory reflex may contribute to overproduction of cytokines and resultant hyperinflammatory pathogenesis. Accordingly, here the authors discuss the inflammatory reflex, the consequences of its dysfunction in COVID-19, and whether there are opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Andersson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
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21
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Suarez-Roca H, Mamoun N, Watkins LL, Bortsov AV, Mathew JP. Higher Cardiovagal Baroreflex Sensitivity Predicts Increased Pain Outcomes After Cardiothoracic Surgery. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:187-201. [PMID: 37567546 PMCID: PMC10841280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive postoperative pain can lead to extended hospitalization and increased expenses, but factors that predict its severity are still unclear. Baroreceptor function could influence postoperative pain by modulating nociceptive processing and vagal-mediated anti-inflammatory reflexes. To investigate this relationship, we conducted a study with 55 patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery to evaluate whether cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) can predict postoperative pain. We assessed the spontaneous cardiovagal BRS under resting pain-free conditions before surgery. We estimated postoperative pain outcomes with the Pain, Enjoyment, and General Activity scale and pressure pain thresholds on the first (POD1) and second (POD2) postoperative days and persistent pain 3 and 6 months after hospital discharge. We also measured circulating levels of relevant inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, albumin, cytokines) at baseline, POD1, and POD2 to assess the contribution of inflammation to the relationship between BRS and postoperative pain. Our mixed-effects model analysis showed a significant main effect of preoperative BRS on postoperative pain (P = .013). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between preoperative BRS and postoperative pain on POD2, even after adjusting for demographic, surgical, analgesic treatment, and psychological factors. Moreover, preoperative BRS was linked to pain interfering with general activity and enjoyment but not with other pain parameters (pain intensity and pressure pain thresholds). Preoperative BRS had modest associations with postoperative C-reactive protein and IL-10 levels, but they did not mediate its relationship with postoperative pain. These findings indicate that preoperative BRS can independently predict postoperative pain, which could serve as a modifiable criterion for optimizing postoperative pain management. PERSPECTIVE: This article shows that preoperative BRS predicts postoperative pain outcomes independently of the inflammatory response and pain sensitivity to noxious pressure stimulation. These results provide valuable insights into the role of baroreceptors in pain and suggest a helpful tool for improving postoperative pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heberto Suarez-Roca
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Negmeldeen Mamoun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lana L Watkins
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Department, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrey V Bortsov
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joseph P Mathew
- Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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22
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Chen Y, Cui M, Cui Y. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates septic shock-induced cardiac injury in rats. Physiol Res 2023; 72:731-739. [PMID: 38215060 PMCID: PMC10805250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate whether vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could effectively prevent septic shock-induced cardiac injury in rats and investigate the potential mechanisms. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the Sham group (sham cecal ligation and puncture [CLP] plus vagal nerve trunk separation), the Vehicle group (CLP plus vagal nerve trunk separation), and the VNS groups (CLP plus vagal nerve trunk separation plus VNS). The left ventricular function was analyzed by echocardiography. Histologic examinations of the cardiac tissues were performed through hematoxylin and eosin staining and TUNEL staining. The Vehicle group had worse cardiac function, higher levels of cardiac injury markers, and enhanced myocardial apoptosis than the Sham group. The rats in the VNS groups had enhanced cardiac function, lower levels of cardiac injury markers, and inhibited myocardial apoptosis than those in the Vehicle group. Elevated interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-levels and activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa-B) signal in septic shock rats were inhibited by the performance of VNS. This study suggests that VNS contributes to the reduction of myocardial apoptosis and improvement of left ventricular function to attenuate septic shock-induced cardiac injury in rats. The performance of VNS inhibits the inflammatory responses in heart tissues via the regulation of NF-kappa-B signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Emergency Brain Academy District, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China.
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23
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D’Haens G, Eberhardson M, Cabrijan Z, Danese S, van den Berg R, Löwenberg M, Fiorino G, Schuurman PR, Lind G, Almqvist P, Olofsson PS, Tracey KJ, Hanauer SB, Zitnik R, Chernoff D, Levine YA. Neuroimmune Modulation Through Vagus Nerve Stimulation Reduces Inflammatory Activity in Crohn's Disease Patients: A Prospective Open-label Study. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1897-1909. [PMID: 37738465 PMCID: PMC10798868 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crohn's disease [CD] is a debilitating, inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. There is no cure and sustained clinical and endoscopic remission is achieved by fewer than half of patients with current therapies. The immunoregulatory function of the vagus nerve, the 'inflammatory reflex', has been established in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and biologic-naive CD. The aim of this study was to explore the safety and efficacy of vagus nerve stimulation in patients with treatment-refractory CD, in a 16-week, open-label, multicentre, clinical trial. METHODS A vagus nerve stimulator was implanted in 17 biologic drug-refractory patients with moderately to severely active CD. One patient exited the study pre-treatment, and 16 patients were treated with vagus nerve stimulation [4/16 receiving concomitant biologics] during 16 weeks of induction and 24 months of maintenance treatment. Endpoints included clinical improvement, patient-reported outcomes, objective measures of inflammation [endoscopic/molecular], and safety. RESULTS There was a statistically significant and clinically meaningful decrease in CD Activity Index at Week 16 [mean ± SD: -86.2 ± 92.8, p = 0.003], a significant decrease in faecal calprotectin [-2923 ± 4104, p = 0.015], a decrease in mucosal inflammation in 11/15 patients with paired endoscopies [-2.1 ± 1.7, p = 0.23], and a decrease in serum tumour necrosis factor and interferon-γ [46-52%]. Two quality-of-life indices improved in 7/11 patients treated without biologics. There was one study-related severe adverse event: a postoperative infection requiring device explantation. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimmune modulation via vagus nerve stimulation was generally safe and well tolerated, with a clinically meaningful reduction in clinical disease activity associated with endoscopic improvement, reduced levels of faecal calprotectin and serum cytokines, and improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert D’Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Eberhardson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Zeljko Cabrijan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek School of Medicine, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Silvio Danese
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Italy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Remco van den Berg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Löwenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gionata Fiorino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, VIta-Salute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- IBD Unit, Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Göran Lind
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Almqvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neurosurgery Stockholm AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Stephen B Hanauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University–Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ralph Zitnik
- SetPoint Medical, Valencia, California, USA
- Valerio Consulting, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | | | - Yaakov A Levine
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
- SetPoint Medical, Valencia, California, USA
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24
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Martínez-Meza S, Singh B, Nixon DF, Dopkins N, Gangcuangco LMA. The brain-liver cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and viral infections. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:29. [PMID: 38115148 PMCID: PMC10731847 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Efferent cholinergic signaling is a critical and targetable source of immunoregulation. The vagus nerve (VN) is the primary source of cholinergic signaling in the body, and partially innervates hepatic functionality through the liver-brain axis. Virus-induced disruption of cholinergic signaling may promote pathogenesis in hepatotropic and neurotropic viruses. Therefore, restoring VN functionality could be a novel therapeutic strategy to alleviate pathogenic inflammation in hepatotropic and neurotropic viral infections alike. In this minireview, we discuss the physiological importance of cholinergic signaling in maintaining liver-brain axis homeostasis. Next, we explore mechanisms by which the VN is perturbed by viral infections, and how non-invasive restoration of cholinergic signaling pathways with bioelectronic medicine (BEM) might ameliorate hepatic inflammation and neuroinflammation in certain viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Martínez-Meza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Bhavya Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas F Nixon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Dopkins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louie Mar A Gangcuangco
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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25
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Alexandre YO, Mueller SN. Splenic stromal niches in homeostasis and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:705-719. [PMID: 36973361 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The spleen is a gatekeeper of systemic immunity where immune responses against blood-borne pathogens are initiated and sustained. Non-haematopoietic stromal cells construct microanatomical niches in the spleen that make diverse contributions to physiological spleen functions and regulate the homeostasis of immune cells. Additional signals from spleen autonomic nerves also modify immune responses. Recent insight into the diversity of the splenic fibroblastic stromal cells has revised our understanding of how these cells help to orchestrate splenic responses to infection and contribute to immune responses. In this Review, we examine our current understanding of how stromal niches and neuroimmune circuits direct the immunological functions of the spleen, with a focus on T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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26
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Mughrabi IT, Gerber M, Jayaprakash N, Palandira SP, Al-Abed Y, Datta-Chaudhuri T, Smith C, Pavlov VA, Zanos S. Voltammetry in the spleen assesses real-time immunomodulatory norepinephrine release elicited by autonomic neurostimulation. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:236. [PMID: 37848937 PMCID: PMC10583388 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The noradrenergic innervation of the spleen is implicated in the autonomic control of inflammation and has been the target of neurostimulation therapies for inflammatory diseases. However, there is no real-time marker of its successful activation, which hinders the development of anti-inflammatory neurostimulation therapies and mechanistic studies in anti-inflammatory neural circuits. METHODS In mice, we performed fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in the spleen during intravenous injections of norepinephrine (NE), and during stimulation of the vagus, splanchnic, or splenic nerves. We defined the stimulus-elicited charge generated at the oxidation potential for NE (~ 0.88 V) as the "NE voltammetry signal" and quantified the dependence of the signal on NE dose and intensity of neurostimulation. We correlated the NE voltammetry signal with the anti-inflammatory effect of splenic nerve stimulation (SpNS) in a model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) induced endotoxemia, quantified as suppression of TNF release. RESULTS The NE voltammetry signal is proportional to the estimated peak NE blood concentration, with 0.1 μg/mL detection threshold. In response to SpNS, the signal increases within seconds, returns to baseline minutes later, and is blocked by interventions that deplete NE or inhibit NE release. The signal is elicited by efferent, but not afferent, electrical or optogenetic vagus nerve stimulation, and by splanchnic nerve stimulation. The magnitude of the signal during SpNS is inversely correlated with subsequent TNF suppression in endotoxemia and explains 40% of the variance in TNF measurements. CONCLUSIONS FSCV in the spleen provides a marker for real-time monitoring of anti-inflammatory activation of the splenic innervation during autonomic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim T Mughrabi
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Michael Gerber
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Naveen Jayaprakash
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Santhoshi P Palandira
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Timir Datta-Chaudhuri
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Corey Smith
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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27
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Chang EH, Gabalski AH, Huerta TS, Datta-Chaudhuri T, Zanos TP, Zanos S, Grill WM, Tracey KJ, Al-Abed Y. The Fifth Bioelectronic Medicine Summit: today's tools, tomorrow's therapies. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:21. [PMID: 37794457 PMCID: PMC10552422 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of bioelectronic medicine (BEM) is poised to make a significant impact on the treatment of several neurological and inflammatory disorders. With several BEM therapies being recently approved for clinical use and others in late-phase clinical trials, the 2022 BEM summit was a timely scientific meeting convening a wide range of experts to discuss the latest developments in the field. The BEM Summit was held over two days in New York with more than thirty-five invited speakers and panelists comprised of researchers and experts from both academia and industry. The goal of the meeting was to bring international leaders together to discuss advances and cultivate collaborations in this emerging field that incorporates aspects of neuroscience, physiology, molecular medicine, engineering, and technology. This Meeting Report recaps the latest findings discussed at the Meeting and summarizes the main developments in this rapidly advancing interdisciplinary field. Our hope is that this Meeting Report will encourage researchers from academia and industry to push the field forward and generate new multidisciplinary collaborations that will form the basis of new discoveries that we can discuss at the next BEM Summit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Chang
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA.
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Arielle H Gabalski
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Tomas S Huerta
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Timir Datta-Chaudhuri
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Theodoros P Zanos
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Warren M Grill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fitzpatrick CIEMAS, Duke University, Room 1427, 101 Science Drive, Box 90281, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
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28
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Chang H, Wang Q, Liu T, Chen L, Hong J, Liu K, Li Y, Yang N, Han D, Mi X, Li X, Guo X, Li Y, Li Z. A Bibliometric Analysis for Low-Intensity Ultrasound Study Over the Past Three Decades. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:2215-2232. [PMID: 37129170 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity ultrasound (LI-US) is a non-invasive stimulation technique that has emerged in recent years and has been shown to have positive effects on neuromodulation, fracture healing, inflammation improvement, and metabolic regulation. This study reports the conclusions of a bibliometric analysis of LI-US. Input data for the period between 1995 and 2022, including 7209 related articles in the field of LI-US, were collected from the core library of the Web of Science (WOS) database. Using these data, a set of bibliometric indicators was obtained to gain knowledge on different aspects: global production, research areas, and sources analysis, contributions of countries and institutions, author analysis, citation analysis, and keyword analysis. This study combined the data analysis capabilities provided by the WOS database, making use of two bibliometric software tools: R software and VOS viewer to achieve analysis and data exploration visualization, and predicted the further development trends of LI-US. It turns out that the United States and China are co-leaders while Zhang ZG is the most significant author in LI-US. In the future, the hot spots of LI-US will continue to focus on parameter research, mechanism discussion, safety regulations, and neuromodulation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Chang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshu Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Dengyang Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinning Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
| | - Yingwei Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
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29
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Kaplan A, Lakkis B, El-Samadi L, Karaayvaz EB, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Cooling Down Inflammation in the Cardiovascular System via the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 82:241-265. [PMID: 37539950 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Inflammation is a major player in many cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. In many individuals, these conditions coexist and mutually exacerbate each other's progression. The pathophysiology of these diseases entails the active involvement of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Immune cells that possess the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on their surface have the potential to be targeted through both pharmacological and electrical stimulation of the cholinergic system. The cholinergic system regulates the inflammatory response to various stressors in different organ systems by systematically suppressing spleen-derived monocytes and chemokines and locally improving immune cell function. Research on the cardiovascular system has demonstrated the potential for atheroma plaque stabilization and regression as favorable outcomes. Smaller infarct size and reduced fibrosis have been associated with improved cardiac function and a decrease in adverse cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, enhanced electrical stability of the myocardium can lead to a reduction in the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia. In addition, improving mitochondrial dysfunction and decreasing oxidative stress can result in less myocardial tissue damage caused by reperfusion injury. Restoring baroreflex activity and reduction in renal damage can promote blood pressure regulation and help counteract hypertension. Thus, the present review highlights the potential of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation as a natural approach to alleviate the adverse consequences of inflammation in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Cardiology, Kemer Public Hospital, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey
- The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bachir Lakkis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lana El-Samadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ekrem Bilal Karaayvaz
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; and
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS; and
- Department of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, France
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Bellocchi C, Carandina A, Della Torre A, Turzi M, Arosio B, Marchini M, Vigone B, Scatà C, Beretta L, Rodrigues GD, Tobaldini E, Montano N. Transcutaneous auricular branch vagal nerve stimulation as a non-invasive add-on therapeutic approach for pain in systemic sclerosis. RMD Open 2023; 9:e003265. [PMID: 37536947 PMCID: PMC10401218 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) high impairment. Pain is of paramount importance to be targeted by therapeutical approaches. Our study aim was to perform an add-on device-based non-invasive neuromodulatory treatment through transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) in patients with SSc, assessing its effects on pain as primary endpoint and on inflammation, cardiovascular autonomic control and HRQoL. METHODS Thirty-two patients with SSc were enrolled based on reported pain assessed through Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Twenty-one (90% with limited cutaneous SSc) completed a randomised, cross-over, patient-blind trial, in which interventional and active control were used in random order for 4 weeks, interspersed with 4 weeks washout. NRS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29 (PROMIS-29) Item4 for pain interference, heart rate variability (HRV), serum cytokines and HRQoL questionnaires (Health Assessment Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, University of California, Los Angeles Gastrointestinal Tract, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were assessed at baseline, at T1 (after 1 month of tVNS or active control), at T2 (after washout) and at T3 (after 1 month of active control or tVNS). T-test for paired data and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for non-normally distributed parameters were performed to compare the effect of tVNS and active control. RESULTS NRS pain was significantly reduced by tVNS and not by active control (Mean±SD: -27.7%±21.3% vs -7.7%±26.3%, p=0.002). Interleukin-6 was downregulated in tVNS versus active control (p=0.029). No significant differences were observed in tVNS versus active control for PROMIS-29 Item4, QoL scales and HRV with both spectral and symbolic analyses. CONCLUSION tVNS demonstrated to be a safe and non-invasive add-on tool to reduce pain in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bellocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Scleroderma Unit, Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Carandina
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Della Torre
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Turzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Buzzi Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marchini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Vigone
- Scleroderma Unit, Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Costanza Scatà
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- Scleroderma Unit, Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Tobaldini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Zouali M. Pharmacological and Electroceutical Targeting of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway in Autoimmune Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1089. [PMID: 37631004 PMCID: PMC10459025 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous dialogue between the immune system and the brain plays a key homeostatic role in various immune responses to environmental cues. Several functions are under the control of the vagus nerve-based inflammatory reflex, a physiological mechanism through which nerve signals regulate immune functions. In the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, the vagus nerve, its pivotal neurotransmitter acetylcholine, together with the corresponding receptors play a key role in modulating the immune response of mammals. Through communications of peripheral nerves with immune cells, it modulates proliferation and differentiation activities of various immune cell subsets. As a result, this pathway represents a potential target for treating autoimmune diseases characterized by overt inflammation and a decrease in vagal tone. Consistently, converging observations made in both animal models and clinical trials revealed that targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway using pharmacologic approaches can provide beneficial effects. In parallel, bioelectronic medicine has recently emerged as an alternative approach to managing systemic inflammation. In several studies, nerve electrostimulation was reported to be clinically relevant in reducing chronic inflammation in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. In the future, these new approaches could represent a major therapeutic strategy for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moncef Zouali
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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32
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Pongratz G, Straub RH. [Role of the sympathetic nervous system in chronic inflammation]. Z Rheumatol 2023:10.1007/s00393-023-01387-6. [PMID: 37488245 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-023-01387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In this review article the current model of the interaction between the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the immune system in the context of chronic inflammation is presented. Mechanisms in the interaction between the SNS and the immune system are shown, which are similar for all disease entities: 1) the biphasic effect of the sympathetic system on the inflammatory response with a proinflammatory, stimulating effect before and during the activation of the immune system (early) and a more inhibitory effect in late phases of immune activation (chronic). 2) The interruption of communication between immune cells and the brain by withdrawal of sympathetic nerve fibers from areas of inflammation, such as the spleen, lymph nodes or peripheral foci of inflammation. 3) The local replacement of catecholamines by neurotransmitter-producing cells to fine-tune the local immune response independently of the brain. 4) Increased activity of the SNS due to an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system at the systemic level, which provides an explanation for known disease sequelae and comorbidities due to the long duration of chronic inflammatory reactions, such as increased cardiovascular risk with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and catabolic metabolism. The understanding of neuroimmune interactions can lead to new therapeutic approaches, e.g., a stimulation of beta-adrenergic and even more an inhibition of alpha-adrenergic receptors or a restoration of the autonomic balance in the context of arthritis ) can make an anti-inflammatory contribution (more influence of the vagus nerve); however, in order to translate the theoretical findings into clinical action that is beneficial for the patient, controlled interventional studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Pongratz
- Abteilung für Rheumatologie und klinische Immunologie der Klinik für Gastroenterologie und interventionelle Endoskopie, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Prüfeninger Str. 86, 93049, Regensburg, Deutschland.
- Medizinische Fakultät, der Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland.
| | - Rainer H Straub
- Labor für Experimentelle Rheumatologie und Neuroendokrino-Immunologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum, Regensburg, Deutschland
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33
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Wu Z, Liao J, Liu Q, Zhou S, Chen M. Chronic vagus nerve stimulation in patients with heart failure: challenge or failed translation? Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1052471. [PMID: 37534273 PMCID: PMC10390725 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1052471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autonomic imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems contributes to the progression of chronic heart failure (HF). Preclinical studies have demonstrated that various neuromodulation strategies may exert beneficial cardioprotective effects in preclinical models of HF. Based on these encouraging experimental data, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been assessed in patients with HF with a reduced ejection fraction. Nevertheless, the main trials conducted thus far have yielded conflicting findings, questioning the clinical efficacy of VNS in this context. This review will therefore focus on the role of the autonomic nervous system in HF pathophysiology and VNS therapy, highlighting the potential reasons behind the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaying Liao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingxian Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Pongratz G, Straub RH. Chronic Effects of the Sympathetic Nervous System in Inflammatory Models. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023; 30:113-134. [PMID: 37231902 DOI: 10.1159/000530969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is embedded in a network of regulatory systems to keep homeostasis in case of an immunologic challenge. Neuroendocrine immunologic research has revealed several aspects of these interactions over the past decades, e.g., between the autonomic nervous system and the immune system. This review will focus on evidence revealing the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in chronic inflammation, like colitis, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, lupus erythematodes, and arthritis with a focus on animal models supported by human data. A theory of the contribution of the SNS in chronic inflammation will be presented that spans these disease entities. One major finding is the biphasic nature of the sympathetic contribution to inflammation, with proinflammatory effects until the point of disease outbreak and mainly anti-inflammatory influence thereafter. Since sympathetic nerve fibers are lost from sites of inflammation during inflammation, local cells and immune cells achieve the capability to endogenously produce catecholamines to fine-tune the inflammatory response independent of brain control. On a systemic level, it has been shown across models that the SNS is activated in inflammation as opposed to the parasympathetic nervous system. Permanent overactivity of the SNS contributes to many of the known disease sequelae. One goal of neuroendocrine immune research is defining new therapeutic targets. In this respect, it will be discussed that at least in arthritis, it might be beneficial to support β-adrenergic and inhibit α-adrenergic activity besides restoring autonomic balance. Overall, in the clinical setting, we now need controlled interventional studies to successfully translate the theoretical knowledge into benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Pongratz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, St. John of God Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty of the University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrino-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Ozulumba T, Montalbine AN, Ortiz-Cárdenas JE, Pompano RR. New tools for immunologists: models of lymph node function from cells to tissues. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183286. [PMID: 37234163 PMCID: PMC10206051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymph node is a highly structured organ that mediates the body's adaptive immune response to antigens and other foreign particles. Central to its function is the distinct spatial assortment of lymphocytes and stromal cells, as well as chemokines that drive the signaling cascades which underpin immune responses. Investigations of lymph node biology were historically explored in vivo in animal models, using technologies that were breakthroughs in their time such as immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, genetic reporters, in vivo two-photon imaging, and, more recently spatial biology techniques. However, new approaches are needed to enable tests of cell behavior and spatiotemporal dynamics under well controlled experimental perturbation, particularly for human immunity. This review presents a suite of technologies, comprising in vitro, ex vivo and in silico models, developed to study the lymph node or its components. We discuss the use of these tools to model cell behaviors in increasing order of complexity, from cell motility, to cell-cell interactions, to organ-level functions such as vaccination. Next, we identify current challenges regarding cell sourcing and culture, real time measurements of lymph node behavior in vivo and tool development for analysis and control of engineered cultures. Finally, we propose new research directions and offer our perspective on the future of this rapidly growing field. We anticipate that this review will be especially beneficial to immunologists looking to expand their toolkit for probing lymph node structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tochukwu Ozulumba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alyssa N. Montalbine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Ortiz-Cárdenas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca R. Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Carter Immunology Center and University of Virginia (UVA) Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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36
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Kirkland JM, Patel I, Ardeshna MS, Kopec AM. Microglial synaptic pruning in the nucleus accumbens during adolescence sex-specifically influences splenic immune outcomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.03.539317. [PMID: 37205376 PMCID: PMC10187280 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.539317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Strong social support promotes a variety of positive health outcomes in humans and rodent models, while social isolation in rodents shortens lifespan, perceived social isolation (i.e. loneliness) can increase mortality by up to 50% in humans. How social relationships lead to these drastic health effects is unclear, but may involve modulation of the peripheral immune system. The reward circuitry of the brain and social behaviors undergo a critical period of development during adolescence. We published that microglia-mediated synaptic pruning occurs in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) reward region during adolescence to mediate social development in male and female rats. We hypothesized that if reward circuitry activity and social relationships directly impact the peripheral immune system, then natural developmental changes in the reward circuitry and social behaviors during adolescence should also directly impact the peripheral immune system. To test this, we inhibited microglial pruning in the NAc during adolescence, and then collected spleen tissue for mass spectrometry proteomic analysis and ELISA validation. We found that the global proteomic consequences of inhibiting microglial pruning in the NAc were similar between the sexes, but target-specific examination suggests that NAc pruning impacts Th1 cell-related immune markers in the spleen in males, but not females, and broad neurochemical systems in the spleen in females, but not males.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Kirkland
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College
| | - Ishan Patel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College
| | - Monali S. Ardeshna
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College
| | - Ashley M. Kopec
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College
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Umene R, Nakamura Y, Wu CH, Muta K, Nishino T, Inoue T. Induction of tetraspanin 13 contributes to the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 665:187-194. [PMID: 37163939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of peripheral inflammation. Sympathetic nervous activation stimulates inflammatory gene expression and cytokines, whereas parasympathetic nervous activation suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines by immune cells. However, most studies on the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and immune processes have analyzed a single branch of the autonomic nerves in isolation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on macrophages, which are controlled by autonomic regulation. Macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce TNF-α. Then, the effects of β2 adrenergic receptor and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation on TNF-α production were assessed using concentration-dependent assays. RNA-seq data were also used to identify genes whose expression was enhanced by parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation. The simultaneous activation of β2 adrenergic receptors and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α production in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, simultaneous activation of these receptors had synergistic anti-inflammatory effects and induced Tspan13 expression, thereby contributing to anti-inflammatory mechanisms in macrophages. Our study revealed the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation of macrophages. Our results suggest that targeting both sympathetic and parasympathetic signaling is a promising therapeutic approach for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Umene
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuna Nakamura
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chia-Hsien Wu
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kumiko Muta
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Sharma VK, Kathrotia R, Barde PB, Sharma G, Chitturi V, Parmar N, Dhruva G, Kavathia G. COVID-19-induced Stress in Health-care Workers: Effect of 8-week Common Yoga Protocol on Autonomic Function and Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers. Int J Yoga 2023; 16:79-89. [PMID: 38204773 PMCID: PMC10775844 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_127_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic posed a huge stress on health-care givers affecting their physical and mental health. Wellness strategies like yoga can improve flexibility, resilience, and outlook. Aim The present study explored the effect of 8-week standard common yoga protocol (CYP) intervention on autonomic functions, emotional stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers in the nurse group of health-care givers. Materials and Methods It is a randomized controlled trial where 50 nurses underwent CYP and 50 participated as controls. Anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular parameters, autonomic function including time and frequency domain parameters, biochemical parameters, and psychological stress using the questionnaire were assessed before and after 8-week CYP. Results Total 88 nurses completed the study with 42 and 46 participants, respectively, in the CYP and control groups. CYP intervention resulted in a significant reduction in cardiovascular parameters systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and rate pressure product (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively), perceived stress score and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale psychological variables of depression, anxiety, and stress, and serum lipid parameters compared to the control group. CYP significantly increased total power, low frequency, high frequency, root mean square of successive differences between adjacent NN intervals, change in successive normal sinus (NN) intervals exceeds 50 ms, and pNN50% (P < 0.001, P = 0.006, P = 0.006, P = 0.039, P < 0.001, and P = 0.013, respectively) suggesting improved resting autonomic modulation and parasympathodominance due to higher vagal efferent activity. There were significant reductions in serum cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 in both the groups. Serum telomerase significantly reduced (P = 0.024) and total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.036) increased in the CYP group post intervention. Conclusion CYP intervention was beneficial in improving psychophysiological, autonomic, and biochemical profile of the nurse group of health-care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Kathrotia
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradip B. Barde
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinay Chitturi
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh Parmar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Gauravi Dhruva
- Department of Pathology, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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Thompson DA, Tsaava T, Rishi A, Nadella S, Mishra L, Tuveson DA, Pavlov VA, Brines M, Tracey KJ, Chavan SS. Optogenetic stimulation of the brainstem dorsal motor nucleus ameliorates acute pancreatitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166212. [PMID: 37180135 PMCID: PMC10167283 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation is an inherently self-amplifying process, resulting in progressive tissue damage when unresolved. A brake on this positive feedback system is provided by the nervous system which has evolved to detect inflammatory signals and respond by activating anti-inflammatory processes, including the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway mediated by the vagus nerve. Acute pancreatitis, a common and serious condition without effective therapy, develops when acinar cell injury activates intrapancreatic inflammation. Prior study has shown that electrical stimulation of the carotid sheath, which contains the vagus nerve, boosts the endogenous anti-inflammatory response and ameliorates acute pancreatitis, but it remains unknown whether these anti-inflammatory signals originate in the brain. Methods Here, we used optogenetics to selectively activate efferent vagus nerve fibers originating in the brainstem dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) and evaluated the effects on caerulein-induced pancreatitis. Results Stimulation of the cholinergic neurons in the DMN significantly attenuates the severity of pancreatitis as indicated by reduced serum amylase, pancreatic cytokines, tissue damage, and edema. Either vagotomy or silencing cholinergic nicotinic receptor signaling by pre-administration of the antagonist mecamylamine abolishes the beneficial effects. Discussion These results provide the first evidence that efferent vagus cholinergic neurons residing in the brainstem DMN can inhibit pancreatic inflammation and implicate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway as a potential therapeutic target for acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane A. Thompson
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Surgery, Northshore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Tea Tsaava
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Arvind Rishi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Sandeep Nadella
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
| | - David A. Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
| | - Valentin A. Pavlov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Michael Brines
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Sangeeta S. Chavan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
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Liu T, Fu Y, Shi J, He S, Chen D, Li W, Chen Y, Zhang L, Lv Q, Yang Y, Jin Q, Wang J, Xie M. Noninvasive ultrasound stimulation to treat myocarditis through splenic neuro-immune regulation. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:94. [PMID: 37069636 PMCID: PMC10108488 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) has been widely studied to modulate the immune response. Current stimulating strategies are invasive or imprecise. Noninvasive low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has become increasingly appreciated for targeted neuronal modulation. However, its mechanisms and physiological role on myocarditis remain poorly defined. METHODS The mouse model of experimental autoimmune myocarditis was established. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound was targeted at the spleen to stimulate the spleen nerve. Under different ultrasound parameters, histological tests and molecular biology were performed to observe inflammatory lesions and changes in immune cell subsets in the spleen and heart. In addition, we evaluated the dependence of the spleen nerve and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in treating autoimmune myocarditis in mice through different control groups. RESULTS The echocardiography and flow cytometry of splenic or heart infiltrating immune cells revealed that splenic ultrasound could alleviate the immune response, regulate the proportion and function of CD4+ Treg and macrophages by activating cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and finally reduce heart inflammatory injury and improve cardiac remodeling, which is as effective as an acetylcholine receptor agonists GTS-21. Transcriptome sequencing showed significant differential expressed genes due to ultrasound modulation. CONCLUSIONS It is worth noting that the ultrasound therapeutic efficacy depends greatly on acoustic pressure and exposure duration, and the effective targeting organ was the spleen but not the heart. This study provides novel insight into the therapeutic potentials of LIPUS, which are essential for its future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yanan Fu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shukun He
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenqu Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiaofeng Jin
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Matsuura R, Doi K, Rabb H. Acute kidney injury and distant organ dysfunction-network system analysis. Kidney Int 2023; 103:1041-1055. [PMID: 37030663 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in about half of critically ill patients and associates with high in-hospital mortality, increased long-term mortality post-discharge and subsequent progression to chronic kidney disease. Numerous clinical studies have shown that AKI is often complicated by dysfunction of distant organs, which is a cause of the high mortality associated with AKI. Experimental studies have elucidated many mechanisms of AKI-induced distant organ injury, which include inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and immune responses. This review will provide an update on evidence of organ crosstalk and potential therapeutics for AKI-induced organ injuries, and present the new concept of a systemic organ network to balance homeostasis and inflammation that goes beyond kidney-crosstalk with a single distant organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matsuura
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, the University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, the University of Tokyo Hospital.
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Keever KR, Yakubenko VP, Hoover DB. Neuroimmune nexus in the pathophysiology and therapy of inflammatory disorders: role of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106758. [PMID: 37028776 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is a key protein in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) that links the nervous and immune systems. Initially, the pathway was discovered based on the observation that vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) reduced the systemic inflammatory response in septic animals. Subsequent studies form a foundation for the leading hypothesis about the central role of the spleen in CAP activation. VNS evokes noradrenergic stimulation of ACh release from T cells in the spleen, which in turn activates α7nAChRs on the surface of macrophages. α7nAChR-mediated signaling in macrophages reduces inflammatory cytokine secretion and modifies apoptosis, proliferation, and macrophage polarization, eventually reducing the systemic inflammatory response. A protective role of the CAP has been demonstrated in preclinical studies for multiple diseases including sepsis, metabolic disease, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, endometriosis, and potentially COVID-19, sparking interest in using bioelectronic and pharmacological approaches to target α7nAChRs for treating inflammatory conditions in patients. Despite a keen interest, many aspects of the cholinergic pathway are still unknown. α7nAChRs are expressed on many other subsets of immune cells that can affect the development of inflammation differently. There are also other sources of ACh that modify immune cell functions. How the interplay of ACh and α7nAChR on different cells and in various tissues contributes to the anti-inflammatory responses requires additional study. This review provides an update on basic and translational studies of the CAP in inflammatory diseases, the relevant pharmacology of α7nAChR-activated drugs and raises some questions that require further investigation.
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Shelukhina I, Siniavin A, Kasheverov I, Ojomoko L, Tsetlin V, Utkin Y. α7- and α9-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Functioning of Immune System and in Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076524. [PMID: 37047495 PMCID: PMC10095066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) present as many different subtypes in the nervous and immune systems, muscles and on the cells of other organs. In the immune system, inflammation is regulated via the vagus nerve through the activation of the non-neuronal α7 nAChR subtype, affecting the production of cytokines. The analgesic properties of α7 nAChR-selective compounds are mostly based on the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The molecular mechanism of neuropathic pain relief mediated by the inhibition of α9-containing nAChRs is not fully understood yet, but the role of immune factors in this process is becoming evident. To obtain appropriate drugs, a search of selective agonists, antagonists and modulators of α7- and α9-containing nAChRs is underway. The naturally occurring three-finger snake α-neurotoxins and mammalian Ly6/uPAR proteins, as well as neurotoxic peptides α-conotoxins, are not only sophisticated tools in research on nAChRs but are also considered as potential medicines. In particular, the inhibition of the α9-containing nAChRs by α-conotoxins may be a pathway to alleviate neuropathic pain. nAChRs are involved in the inflammation processes during AIDS and other viral infections; thus they can also be means used in drug design. In this review, we discuss the role of α7- and α9-containing nAChRs in the immune processes and in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuri Utkin
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +7-495-3366522
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Caocci G, Mulas O, Barella S, Orecchia V, Mola B, Costa A, Efficace F, La Nasa G. Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with β-Thalassemia after Splenectomy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072547. [PMID: 37048630 PMCID: PMC10095485 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Few data are available on the efficacy and safety of splenectomy in patients with transfusion-dependent Beta-Thalassemia Major (β-TM) and on its impact on a patient’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We examined the long-term HRQoL of adult patients with β-TM in comparison with those treated with medical therapy by using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). We also evaluated the safety and efficacy of splenectomy. Overall, 114 patients with a median age of 41 years (range 18–62) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Twenty-nine patients underwent splenectomy (25.4%) at a median age of 12 years (range 1–32). The median follow-up after splenectomy was 42 years (range 6–55). No statistically significant differences were observed in any of the scales of the SF-36 between splenectomized and not-splenectomized patients. The majority of surgical procedures (96.6%) were approached with open splenectomy. Post-splenectomy complications were reported in eight patients (27.5%): four overwhelming infections, three with pulmonary hypertension, and one with thrombosis. A significantly higher prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities (58.6 vs. 21.2%, p < 0.001) and diabetes (17.2 vs. 3.5%, p = 0.013) was observed in splenectomized patients. These patients, however, required fewer red blood cell units per month, with only 27.6% of them transfusing more than 1 unit per month, compared with 72.9% of the not-splenectomized group. Overall, our data suggest that physicians should carefully consider splenectomy as a possible treatment option in patients with β-TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Caocci
- Hematology Unit, Businco Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagilari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-70-52964901
| | - Olga Mulas
- Hematology Unit, Businco Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagilari, Italy
| | - Susanna Barella
- Pediatric Clinic, Thalassemia and Rare Diseases, Pediatric Hospital “Microcitemico A. Cao”, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Orecchia
- Pediatric Clinic, Thalassemia and Rare Diseases, Pediatric Hospital “Microcitemico A. Cao”, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Brunella Mola
- Hematology Unit, Businco Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagilari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Costa
- Hematology Unit, Businco Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagilari, Italy
| | - Fabio Efficace
- Health Outcomes Research Unit, Italian Group for Adult Hematologic Diseases (GIMEMA) Data Center, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio La Nasa
- Hematology Unit, Businco Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagilari, Italy
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Cao Y, Liu T, Zhou X, Fu W, Li J, Yang J. 3D anatomy of autonomic innervations in immune organs of a non-human primate and the human. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:249-256. [PMID: 38932917 PMCID: PMC11197775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct neural inputs to immune organs have been observed for decades, with their functions in neuroimmune regulation being increasingly appreciated. However, the current knowledge of such neural structures, particularly those in primate immune organs, remains incomplete. In this study, we comprehensively assessed the 3D anatomy of autonomic (i.e., sympathetic and parasympathetic) innervations in the immune organs of the rhesus macaque monkey and the human for the first time. Aided with the advanced technique of whole-tissue immunolabeling and lightsheet fluorescence imaging, we revealed the densely organized sympathetic architecture in the parenchyma of the adult monkey and human spleens. On the other hand, only sparse, if any, sympathetic inputs were observed inside the lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, or thymus. In contrast, there were minimal parasympathetic innervations in the parenchyma of these examined immune organs. Together, this work has documented the unique patterns of autonomic innervations in different immune organs of a non-human primate and the human, serving as an essential reference for future research on neuroimmune regulation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiali Li
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
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Peripheral Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptors Mediate the Sympathetic Efferent Activation from Central Nervous System to Splenocytes in a Mouse Model of Fibromyalgia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043465. [PMID: 36834875 PMCID: PMC9967679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the peripheral immune system are involved in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia, although their contribution to the painful symptoms remains unknown. Our previous study reported the ability of splenocytes to develop pain-like behavior and an association between the central nervous system (CNS) and splenocytes. Since the spleen is directly innervated by sympathetic nerves, this study aimed to examine whether adrenergic receptors are necessary for pain development or maintenance using an acid saline-induced generalized pain (AcGP) model (an experimental model of fibromyalgia) and whether the activation of these receptors is also essential for pain reproduction by the adoptive transfer of AcGP splenocytes. The administration of selective β2-blockers, including one with only peripheral action, prevented the development but did not reverse the maintenance of pain-like behavior in acid saline-treated C57BL/6J mice. Neither a selective α1-blocker nor an anticholinergic drug affects the development of pain-like behavior. Furthermore, β2-blockade in donor AcGP mice eliminated pain reproduction in recipient mice injected with AcGP splenocytes. These results suggest that peripheral β2-adrenergic receptors play an important role in the efferent pathway from the CNS to splenocytes in pain development.
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The Role of the Acetylcholine System in Common Respiratory Diseases and COVID-19. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031139. [PMID: 36770805 PMCID: PMC9920988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As an indispensable component in human beings, the acetylcholine system regulates multiple physiological processes not only in neuronal tissues but also in nonneuronal tissues. However, since the concept of the "Nonneuronal cholinergic system (NNCS)" has been proposed, the role of the acetylcholine system in nonneuronal tissues has received increasing attention. A growing body of research shows that the acetylcholine system also participates in modulating inflammatory responses, regulating contraction and mucus secretion of respiratory tracts, and influencing the metastasis and invasion of lung cancer. In addition, the susceptibility and severity of respiratory tract infections caused by pathogens such as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can also correlate with the regulation of the acetylcholine system. In this review, we summarized the major roles of the acetylcholine system in respiratory diseases. Despite existing achievements in the field of the acetylcholine system, we hope that more in-depth investigations on this topic will be conducted to unearth more possible pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of diverse respiratory diseases.
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Mazurov A, Ho J, Low T, Hoeng J. Novel α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators as potential antitussive agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129067. [PMID: 36395996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulators was designed and evaluated for antitussive activity in an in vivo guinea pig model of chemically induced cough. Compound 16 at all tested doses (9.5, 3 and 1 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the cumulative number of coughs and showed similar results to a positive control (codeine at 30 mg/kg). Among three different administration routes (intraperitoneal, oral and inhalation), compound 16 exerted a significant antitussive effect in guinea pigs at an inhaled dose as low as 0.4 mg/kg (p < 0.05). α7 nAChR modulators may provide a novel, non-narcotic approach to therapy in patients with acute and chronic cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Mazurov
- Philip Morris International, R&D Innovation Cube, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Ho
- Philip Morris International, R&D Innovation Cube, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Tiffany Low
- Philip Morris International, R&D Innovation Cube, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International, R&D Innovation Cube, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
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Yu WL, Park JY, Park HJ, Kim SN. Changes of local microenvironment and systemic immunity after acupuncture stimulation during inflammation: A literature review of animal studies. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1086195. [PMID: 36712435 PMCID: PMC9875056 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1086195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the underlying mechanisms by which acupuncture therapy mediates both local and systemic immunomodulation. However, the connection between alterations in the local microenvironment and the resulting change in systemic immunity remains unclear. In this review, we focus on cell-specific changes in local immune responses following acupuncture stimulation and their link to systemic immune modulation. We have gathered the most recent evidence for chemo- and mechano-reactive changes in endothelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells in response to acupuncture. Local signaling is then related to the activation of systemic neuro-immunity including the cholinergic, adrenal, and splenic nervous systems and pain-related neuromodulation. This review aims to serve as a reference for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lien Yu
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Nam Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Seung-Nam Kim ✉
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50
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Jin X, Wang X, Sun J, Tan W, Zhang G, Han J, Xie M, Zhou L, Yu Z, Xu T, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhou X, Jiang H. Subthreshold splenic nerve stimulation prevents myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion injury via neuroimmunomodulation of proinflammatory factor levels. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109522. [PMID: 36502595 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical outcomes following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury are strongly related to the intensity and duration of inflammation. The splenic nerve (SpN) is indispensable for the anti-inflammatory reflex. This study aimed to investigate whether splenic nerve stimulation (SpNS) plays a cardioprotective role in myocardial I/R injury and the potential underlying mechanism. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, I/R group, SpNS group, and I/R plus SpNS group. The highest SpNS intensity that did not influence heart rate was identified, and SpNS at this intensity was used as the subthreshold stimulus. Continuous subthreshold SpNS was applied for 1 h before ligation of the left coronary artery for 45 min. After 72 h of reperfusion, samples were collected for analysis. RESULTS SpN activity and splenic concentrations of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP)-related neurotransmitters were significantly increased by SpNS. The infarct size, oxidative stress, sympathetic tone, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were significantly reduced in rats subjected to subthreshold SpNS after myocardial I/R injury compared with those subjected to I/R injury alone. CONCLUSIONS Subthreshold SpNS ameliorates myocardial damage, the inflammatory response, and cardiac remodelling induced by myocardial I/R injury via neuroimmunomodulation of proinflammatory factor levels. SpNS is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wuping Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Guocheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jiapeng Han
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Tianyou Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yueyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous System Modulation Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Center of Wuhan University Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China.
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