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Tian Q, Zhang X, Wang M, He J, Xu X, He L, Yi H, Wang H. Relationship Between Evolutionary Diversity and Aboveground Biomass During 150 Years of Natural Vegetation Regeneration in Temperate China. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70390. [PMID: 39381193 PMCID: PMC11459093 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
While the link between plant species diversity and biomass has been well-studied, the impact of evolutionary diversity on community biomass across long timescales or ongoing change remains a subject of debate. We elucidated the association between evolutionary diversity and community aboveground biomass (AGB) using an ideal experimental system with over 150-year history of natural vegetation regeneration. Higher phylogenetic diversity facilitated the sampling effect under the influence of environmental filtering, and caused an increase in AGB. Phylogenetic structure varied from aggregation to dispersion during the later period of vegetation recovery (70-150 years), which was correlated with increases in niche complementarity and increasing AGB. Woody plant evolutionary diversity was used as a key to predict the relationship between vegetation recovery and AGB, with a total explanatory power of ~84.7%. Mixed forests composed of evergreen conifers and deciduous broadleaf forests had higher carbon sequestration potential than that of pure forests, which is advantageous for increasing top-stage AGB. This research expands our knowledge of the causes and effects of biodiversity and ecosystem function dynamics over time and space, which is important for accurately predicting future climate change effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Tian
- College of Ecology and Environment, Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Education MinistryXinjiang UniversityUrumqiChina
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess PlateauChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess PlateauChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Miaoqian Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- College of Urban, Rural Planning and Architectural EngineeringShangluo UniversityShangluoChina
| | - Liang He
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Haijie Yi
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess PlateauChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Haojia Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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Le H, Mao J, Cavender-Bares J, Pinto-Ledezma JN, Deng Y, Zhao C, Xiong G, Xu W, Xie Z. Non-native plants tend to be phylogenetically distant but functionally similar to native plants under intense disturbance at the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39262233 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Darwin's two opposing hypotheses, proposing that non-native species closely or distantly related to native species are more likely to succeed, are known as 'Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum'. Recently, invasion ecologists have sought to unravel these hypotheses. Studies that incorporate rich observational data in disturbed ecosystems that integrate phylogenetic and functional perspectives have potential to shed light on the conundrum. Using 313 invaded plant communities including 46 invasive plant species and 531 native plant species across the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China, we aim to evaluate the coexistence mechanisms of invasive and native plants by integrating phylogenetic and functional dimensions at spatial and temporal scales. Our findings revealed that invasive plants tended to co-occur more frequently with native plant species that were phylogenetically distant but functionally similar in the reservoir riparian zone. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that the filtering of flood-dry-flood cycles played a significant role in deepening functional similarities of native communities and invasive-native species over time. Our study highlights the contrasting effects of phylogenetic relatedness and functional similarity between invasive and native species in highly flood-disturbed habitats, providing new sights into Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Le
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiangtao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jeannine Cavender-Bares
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jesús N Pinto-Ledezma
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Changming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Gaoming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zongqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Li Z, Qiao J, Li Z, Gao X, Hong G, Yang H, Hu E, Liu C, Wang X, Liu G, Gao R. Shallow tillage mitigates plant competition by increasing diversity and altering plant community assembly process. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1409493. [PMID: 39170789 PMCID: PMC11335505 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1409493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Understanding how human activities affect biodiversity is needed to inform systemic policies and targets for achieving sustainable development goals. Shallow tillage to remove Artemisia ordosica is commonly conducted in the Mu Us Desert. However, the impacts of shallow tillage on plant community species diversity, phylogenetic structure, and community assembly processes remain poorly understood. Methods This study explores the effects of shallow tillage on species diversity including three a-diversity and two b-diversity indicators, as well as phylogenetic structure [phylogenetic diversity (PD), net relatedness index (NRI), and nearest taxon index (NTI)]. Additionally, this research analyzes the effects of shallow tillage on the community assembly process. Results and discussion The results showed that the a-diversity index, b-diversity index, and PD of the shallow tillage (ST) communities were significantly higher than those of the non-shallow tillage (NT) communities, and the phylogenetic structures of both the ST and NT communities tended to be differentiated, with competitive exclusion being the main mechanism of plant assembly. However, shallow tillage increased the relative importance of the stochastic processes dominated by dispersal limitation, mitigating plant competition in the communities. This conclusion was supported by the Raup-Crick difference index-based analysis. Conclusion Therefore, for the ecological restoration of the Mu Us Desert, species with adaptability and low niche overlap should be selected to increase the utilization efficiency of the environmental resources. The results of this study provide a foundation for policy development for ecosystem management and restoration in the Mu Us Desert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jirong Qiao
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhuofan Li
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaowei Gao
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Guangyu Hong
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ercha Hu
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chenming Liu
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaojiang Wang
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Guanzhi Liu
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Runhong Gao
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Lemos-Costa P, Miller ZR, Allesina S. Phylogeny structures species' interactions in experimental ecological communities. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14490. [PMID: 39152685 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Species' traits and interactions are products of evolutionary history. Despite the long-standing hypothesis that closely related species possess similar traits, and thus experience stronger competition, measuring the effect of evolutionary history on the ecology of natural communities remains challenging. We propose a novel framework to test whether phylogeny influences patterns of coexistence and abundance of species assemblages. In our approach, phylogenetic trees are used to parameterize species' interactions, which in turn determine the abundance of species in a given assemblage. We use likelihoods to score models parameterized with a given phylogeny, and contrast them with models built using random trees, allowing us to test whether phylogenetic information helps to predict species' abundances. Our statistical framework reveals that interactions are indeed structured by phylogeny in a large set of experimental plant communities. Our results confirm that evolutionary history can help predict, and potentially manage or conserve, the structure and function of complex ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lemos-Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zachary R Miller
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stefano Allesina
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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5
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de Souza SDNG, Batista DM, Quaresma AC, Costa AL, Demarchi LO, Albuquerque BW, Klein VP, Feitoza G, de Resende AF, Mori GB, Wittmann F, Oliveira LL, Mortati AF, da Cunha AC, Schongart J, Lopes A, Piedade MTF, André T. Soil flooding filters evolutionary lineages of tree communities in Amazonian riparian forests. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11635. [PMID: 39050660 PMCID: PMC11266118 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inundations in Amazonian black-water river floodplain result in the selection of different tree lineages, thus promoting coexistence between species. We investigated whether Amazonian tree communities are phylogenetically structured and distributed along a flooding gradient from irregularly flooded forests along streams embedded within upland (terra-firme) forest to seasonally flooded floodplains of large rivers (igapós). Floristic inventories and hydrological monitoring were performed along the Falsino River, a black-water river in the eastern Amazon within the Amapá National Forest. We constructed a presence-and-absence matrix and generated a phylogeny using the vascular plant database available in GenBank. We calculated the standardized values of the metrics of phylogenetic diversity (ses.PD), average phylogenetic distance (ses.MPD), and average nearest-neighbor distance (ses.MNTD) to test whether the history of relationships between species in the community is influenced by inundation. We used the phylogenetic endemism (PE) metric to verify the existence of taxa with restricted distribution. Linear regressions were used to test whether phylogenetic metrics have a significant relationship with the variables: maximum flood height, maximum water table depth, and maximum flood amplitude. The results show that forests subject to prolonged seasonal flooding have reduced taxon richness, low phylogenetic diversity, and random distribution of lineages within communities. On the other hand, terra-firme riparian forests showed higher rates of taxon richness, diversity, and phylogenetic dispersion, in addition to greater phylogenetic endemism. These results indicate that seasonal and predictable soil flooding filters tree lineages along the hydrographic gradient. Different adaptations to root waterlogging are likely requirements for colonization in these environments and may represent an important factor in the diversification of tree lineages in the Amazon biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sthefanie do Nascimento Gomes de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in EcologyNational Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | | | - Adriano Costa Quaresma
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
- Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ana Luiza Costa
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Layon Oreste Demarchi
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Bianca Weiss Albuquerque
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Viviane Pagnussat Klein
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Gildo Feitoza
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Angélica Faria de Resende
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
- Forest Sciences Department, ESALQ/USPUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Gisele Biem Mori
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | | | - Leidiane Leão Oliveira
- Institute of Water Sciences and TechnologyFederal University of Western ParáSantarémBrazil
| | | | | | - Jochen Schongart
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Aline Lopes
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
- Researcher at the Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation (ICETI)MaringáBrazil
| | - Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Thiago André
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological SciencesUniversity of BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil
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Luo Y, Du L, Zhang J, Ren H, Shen Y, Zhang J, Li N, Tian R, Wang S, Liu H, Xu Z. Nitrogen addition alleviates the adverse effects of drought on plant productivity in a temperate steppe. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2969. [PMID: 38562107 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Drought and nitrogen enrichment could profoundly affect the productivity of semiarid ecosystems. However, how ecosystem productivity will respond to different drought scenarios, especially with a concurrent increase in nitrogen availability, is still poorly understood. Using data from a 4-year field experiment conducted in a semiarid temperate steppe, we explored the responses of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) to different drought scenarios and nitrogen addition, and the underlying mechanisms linking soil properties, plant species richness, functional diversity (community-weighted means of plant traits, functional dispersion) and phylogenetic diversity (net relatedness index) to ANPP. Our results showed that completely excluding precipitation in June (1-month intense drought) and reducing half the precipitation amount from June to August (season-long chronic drought) both significantly reduced ANPP, with the latter having a more negative impact on ANPP. However, reducing half of the precipitation frequency from June to August (precipitation redistribution) had no significant effect on ANPP. Nitrogen addition increased ANPP irrespective of drought scenarios. ANPP was primarily determined by soil moisture and nitrogen availability by regulating the community-weighted means of plant height, rather than other aspects of plant diversity. Our findings suggest that precipitation amount is more important than precipitation redistribution in influencing the productivity of temperate steppe, and nitrogen supply could alleviate the adverse impacts of drought on grassland productivity. Our study advances the mechanistic understanding of how the temperate grassland responds to drought stress, and implies that management strategies to protect tall species in the community would be beneficial for maintaining the productivity and carbon sequestration of grassland ecosystems under climate drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lan Du
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Haiyan Ren
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ru Tian
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Heyong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhuwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River, Hohhot, China
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Sorouri B, Scales NC, Gaut BS, Allison SD. Sphingomonas clade and functional distribution with simulated climate change. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0023624. [PMID: 38572990 PMCID: PMC11064482 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00236-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbes are essential for the functioning of all ecosystems, and as global warming and anthropogenic pollution threaten ecosystems, it is critical to understand how microbes respond to these changes. We investigated the climate response of Sphingomonas, a widespread gram-negative bacterial genus, during an 18-month microbial community reciprocal transplant experiment across a Southern California climate gradient. We hypothesized that after 18 months, the transplanted Sphingomonas clade and functional composition would correspond with site conditions and reflect the Sphingomonas composition of native communities. We extracted Sphingomonas sequences from metagenomic data across the gradient and assessed their clade and functional composition. Representatives of at least 12 major Sphingomonas clades were found at varying relative abundances along the climate gradient, and transplanted Sphingomonas clade composition shifted after 18 months. Site had a significant effect (PERMANOVA; P < 0.001) on the distribution of both Sphingomonas functional (R2 = 0.465) and clade composition (R2 = 0.400), suggesting that Sphingomonas composition depends on climate parameters. Additionally, for both Sphingomonas clade and functional composition, ordinations revealed that the transplanted communities shifted closer to the native Sphingomonas composition of the grassland site compared with the site they were transplanted into. Overall, our results indicate that climate and substrate collectively determine Sphingomonas clade and functional composition.IMPORTANCESphingomonas is the most abundant gram-negative bacterial genus in litter-degrading microbial communities of desert, grassland, shrubland, and forest ecosystems in Southern California. We aimed to determine whether Sphingomonas responds to climate change in the same way as gram-positive bacteria and whole bacterial communities in these ecosystems. Within Sphingomonas, both clade composition and functional genes shifted in response to climate and litter chemistry, supporting the idea that bacteria respond similarly to climate at different scales of genetic variation. This understanding of how microbes respond to perturbation across scales may aid in future predictions of microbial responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Sorouri
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Scales
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Brandon S. Gaut
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Steven D. Allison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Liu Y, Hogan JA, Lichstein JW, Guralnick RP, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Scheiner SM. Biodiversity and productivity in eastern US forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314231121. [PMID: 38527197 PMCID: PMC10998592 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314231121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite experimental and observational studies demonstrating that biodiversity enhances primary productivity, the best metric for predicting productivity at broad geographic extents-functional trait diversity, phylogenetic diversity, or species richness-remains unknown. Using >1.8 million tree measurements from across eastern US forests, we quantified relationships among functional trait diversity, phylogenetic diversity, species richness, and productivity. Surprisingly, functional trait and phylogenetic diversity explained little variation in productivity that could not be explained by tree species richness. This result was consistent across the entire eastern United States, within ecoprovinces, and within data subsets that controlled for biomass or stand age. Metrics of functional trait and phylogenetic diversity that were independent of species richness were negatively correlated with productivity. This last result suggests that processes that determine species sorting and packing are likely important for the relationships between productivity and biodiversity. This result also demonstrates the potential confusion that can arise when interdependencies among different diversity metrics are ignored. Our findings show the value of species richness as a predictive tool and highlight gaps in knowledge about linkages between functional diversity and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Liu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | - J. Aaron Hogan
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | | | - Robert P. Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | - Douglas E. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
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9
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Bordewich M, Semple C. Quantifying the difference between phylogenetic diversity and diversity indices. J Math Biol 2024; 88:40. [PMID: 38446152 PMCID: PMC10917877 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-024-02059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Phylogenetic diversity is a popular measure for quantifying the biodiversity of a collection Y of species, while phylogenetic diversity indices provide a way to apportion phylogenetic diversity to individual species. Typically, for some specific diversity index, the phylogenetic diversity of Y is not equal to the sum of the diversity indices of the species in Y. In this paper, we investigate the extent of this difference for two commonly-used indices: Fair Proportion and Equal Splits. In particular, we determine the maximum value of this difference under various instances including when the associated rooted phylogenetic tree is allowed to vary across all rooted phylogenetic trees with the same leaf set and whose edge lengths are constrained by either their total sum or their maximum value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Semple
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Rybchak O, du Toit J, Delorme JP, Jüdt JK, Bieri M, Midgley G, Mukwashi K, Thau C, Feig G, Lucas-Moffat A, Brümmer C. Livestock grazing and biodiversity: Effects on CO 2 exchange in semi-arid Karoo ecosystems, South Africa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168517. [PMID: 37981131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Livestock use in semi-arid South African ecosystems has not been extensively studied in relation to the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2). We present four years of measurements from twinned eddy-covariance towers in Nama-Karoo, South Africa, to investigate the carbon fluxes and the impact of grazing intensity on NEE. The design contrasted NEE at a long-term site grazed at recommended levels (LG) with a long-term heavily grazed (EG) site that had been rested for 10 years, and was monitored for two years after which intensive grazing was reintroduced for this experiment. This allowed for the quantification of long-term NEE trends on "recovering" vegetations (years I, II) and short-term responses to an intensified land use (years III, IV). The results showed that the net release of CO2 was slightly higher at LG than on "recovering" vegetation at the EG site, where near-neutral exchange was observed during years I and II. However, after grazing was reintroduced to the EG site, differences between sites was reduced but not eliminated. These findings suggest that there is a somewhat higher carbon sequestration potential at the resting EG site than at the LG site, apparently associated with the dominance of unpalatable drought-tolerant grass species and local elimination of many palatable shrubs. Reduction of this sink potential by reintroduction of high-intensity grazing indicates the sensitivity of C-sequestration in this "recovering" system to heavy grazing, but underlines continued resilience of NEE under far heavier grazing than in the LG system. These data suggest notable trade-offs in these ecosystems between carbon storage, biodiversity, and livestock production with rainfall variability being a critical inter-annual driver. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: This study suggests that long-term resting of previously over-utilized southern African semi-arid vegetation supports enhanced carbon sequestration potential, even if over-utilization has transformed vegetation composition (i.e. has caused degradation through reduced plant species richness). However, this enhanced carbon sequestration potential can be quickly negated by the reintroduction of grazing, even after 10 years of resting. Achievement of carbon sequestration is dependent on average to above-average precipitation and its distribution throughout the year, with sink activity evident mainly after seasonal rains during the warm season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Rybchak
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig 38116, Germany.
| | - Justin du Toit
- Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Middelburg 5900, South Africa
| | | | - Jens-Kristian Jüdt
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Mari Bieri
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Guy Midgley
- School for Climate Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Kanisios Mukwashi
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Christian Thau
- Department for Earth Observation, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gregor Feig
- South African Environmental Observation Network, Colbyn, Pretoria 0083, South Africa; Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Antje Lucas-Moffat
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig 38116, Germany; German Meteorological Service (DWD), Centre for Agrometeorological Research, Bundesallee 33, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Brümmer
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
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11
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McClure CJW, Berkunsky I, Buechley ER, Dunn L, Johnson J, McCabe J, Oppel S, Rolek BW, Sutton LJ, Gumbs R. Conserving the evolutionary history of birds. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14141. [PMID: 37424371 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In the midst of the sixth mass extinction, limited resources are forcing conservationists to prioritize which species and places will receive conservation action. Evolutionary distinctiveness measures the isolation of a species on its phylogenetic tree. Combining a species' evolutionary distinctiveness with its globally endangered status creates an EDGE score. We use EDGE scores to prioritize the places and species that should be managed to conserve bird evolutionary history. We analyzed all birds in all countries and important bird areas. We examined parrots, raptors, and seabirds in depth because these groups are especially threatened and relatively speciose. The three focal groups had greater median threatened evolutionary history than other taxa, making them important for conserving bird evolutionary history. Australia, Brazil, Indonesia, Madagascar, New Zealand, and the Philippines were especially critical countries for bird conservation because they had the most threatened evolutionary history for endemic birds and are important for parrots, raptors, and seabirds. Increased enforcement of international agreements for the conservation of parrots, raptors, and seabirds is needed because these agreements protect hundreds of millions of years of threatened bird evolutionary history. Decisive action is required to conserve the evolutionary history of birds into the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Berkunsky
- Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable-CICPBA, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | | | - Leah Dunn
- The Peregrine Fund, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Jeff Johnson
- Wolf Creek Operating Foundation, Wolf, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - Steffen Oppel
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Rikki Gumbs
- EDGE of Existence Programme, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, UK
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12
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Schnyder E, Bodelier PLE, Hartmann M, Henneberger R, Niklaus PA. Experimental erosion of microbial diversity decreases soil CH 4 consumption rates. Ecology 2023; 104:e4178. [PMID: 37782571 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments have predominantly focused on communities of higher organisms, in particular plants, with comparably little known to date about the relevance of biodiversity for microbially driven biogeochemical processes. Methanotrophic bacteria play a key role in Earth's methane (CH4 ) cycle by removing atmospheric CH4 and reducing emissions from methanogenesis in wetlands and landfills. Here, we used a dilution-to-extinction approach to simulate diversity loss in a methanotrophic landfill cover soil community. Replicate samples were diluted 101 -107 -fold, preincubated under a high CH4 atmosphere for microbial communities to recover to comparable size, and then incubated for 86 days at constant or diurnally cycling temperature. We hypothesize that (1) CH4 consumption decreases as methanotrophic diversity is lost, and (2) this effect is more pronounced under variable temperatures. Net CH4 consumption was determined by gas chromatography. Microbial community composition was determined by DNA extraction and sequencing of amplicons specific to methanotrophs and bacteria (pmoA and 16S gene fragments). The richness of operational taxonomic units (OTU) of methanotrophic and nonmethanotrophic bacteria decreased approximately linearly with log-dilution. CH4 consumption decreased with the number of OTUs lost, independent of community size. These effects were independent of temperature cycling. The diversity effects we found occured in relatively diverse communities, challenging the notion of high functional redundancy mediating high resistance to diversity erosion in natural microbial systems. The effects also resemble the ones for higher organisms, suggesting that BEF relationships are universal across taxa and spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Schnyder
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul L E Bodelier
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Henneberger
- Institute of Molecular Health Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal A Niklaus
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Fan SY, Yang Q, Li SP, Fristoe TS, Cadotte MW, Essl F, Kreft H, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Weigelt P, Kartesz J, Nishino M, Wieringa JJ, van Kleunen M. A latitudinal gradient in Darwin's naturalization conundrum at the global scale for flowering plants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6244. [PMID: 37828007 PMCID: PMC10570376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Darwin's naturalization conundrum describes two seemingly contradictory hypotheses regarding whether alien species closely or distantly related to native species should be more likely to naturalize in regional floras. Both expectations have accumulated empirical support, and whether such apparent inconsistency can be reconciled at the global scale is unclear. Here, using 219,520 native and 9,531 naturalized alien plant species across 487 globally distributed regions, we found a latitudinal gradient in Darwin's naturalization conundrum. Naturalized alien plant species are more closely related to native species at higher latitudes than they are at lower latitudes, indicating a greater influence of preadaptation in harsher climates. Human landscape modification resulted in even steeper latitudinal clines by selecting aliens distantly related to natives in warmer and drier regions. Our results demonstrate that joint consideration of climatic and anthropogenic conditions is critical to reconciling Darwin's naturalization conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ya Fan
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Trevor S Fristoe
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico - Río Piedras, San Juan, 00925, Puerto Rico
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Bioinvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Campus-Institut Data Science, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, CZ-12844, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Campus-Institut Data Science, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - John Kartesz
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, 27516, NC, USA
| | - Misako Nishino
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, 27516, NC, USA
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
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14
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Zhou M, Guan X, Deng T, Hu R, Qian L, Yang X, Wu B, Li J, He Q, Shu L, Yan Q, He Z. Synthetic phylogenetically diverse communities promote denitrification and stability. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116184. [PMID: 37207729 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification is an important process of the global nitrogen cycle as some of its intermediates are environmentally important or related to global warming. However, how the phylogenetic diversity of denitrifying communities affects their denitrification rates and temporal stability remains unclear. Here we selected denitrifiers based on their phylogenetic distance to construct two groups of synthetic denitrifying communities: one closely related (CR) group with all strains from the genus Shewanella and the other distantly related (DR) group with all constituents from different genera. All synthetic denitrifying communities (SDCs) were experimentally evolved for 200 generations. The results showed that high phylogenetic diversity followed by experimental evolution promoted the function and stability of synthetic denitrifying communities. Specifically, the productivity and denitrification rates were significantly (P < 0.05) higher with Paracocus denitrificans as the dominant species (since the 50th generation) in the DR community than those in the CR community. The DR community also showed significantly (t = 7.119, df = 10, P < 0.001) higher stability through overyielding and asynchrony of species fluctuations, and showed more complementarity than the CR group during the experimental evolution. This study has important implications for applying synthetic communities to remediate environmental problems and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaotong Guan
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruiwen Hu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Longfei Shu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhili He
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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15
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Larkin DJ, Glasenhardt MC, Williams EW, Karimi N, Barak RS, Leavens E, Hipp AL. Evolutionary history shapes grassland productivity through opposing effects on complementarity and selection. Ecology 2023; 104:e4129. [PMID: 37342067 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic diversity (PD), the evolutionary history of the organisms comprising a community, is increasingly recognized as an important driver of ecosystem function. However, biodiversity-ecosystem function experiments have rarely included PD as an a priori treatment. Thus, PD's effects in existing experiments are often confounded by covarying differences in species richness and functional trait diversity (FD). Here we report an experimental demonstration of strong PD effects on grassland primary productivity that are independent of FD, which was separately manipulated, and species richness, which was planted uniformly high to mimic diverse natural grasslands. Partitioning diversity effects demonstrated that higher PD increased complementarity (niche partitioning and/or facilitation) but lowered selection effects (probability of sampling highly productive species). Specifically, for every 5% increase in PD, complementarity increased by 26% on average (±8% SE), while selection effects decreased more modestly (8 ± 16%). PD also shaped productivity through clade-level effects on functional traits, that is, trait values associated with particular plant families. This clade effect was most pronounced in the Asteraceae (sunflower family), which, in tallgrass prairies, generally comprises tall, high-biomass species with low phylogenetic distinctiveness. FD also reduced selection effects but did not alter complementarity. Our results show that PD, independent of richness and FD, mediates ecosystem function through contrasting effects on complementarity and selection. This adds to growing evidence that consideration of phylogenetic dimensions of biodiversity can advance ecological understanding and inform conservation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Larkin
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Evelyn W Williams
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, USA
| | - Nisa Karimi
- Herbarium and Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, USA
| | - Rebecca S Barak
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, USA
| | - Emma Leavens
- Herbarium and Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew L Hipp
- Herbarium and Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, USA
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16
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Silver-Gorges I, Ceriani SA, Fuentes MMPB. Fine-scale intraspecific niche partitioning in a highly mobile, marine megafauna species: implications for ecology and conservation. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221529. [PMID: 37388320 PMCID: PMC10300683 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
A species may partition its realized ecological niche along bionomic and scenopoetic axes due to intraspecific competition for limited resources. How partitioning manifests depends on resource needs and availability by and for the partitioning groups. Here we demonstrate the utility of analysing short- and long-term stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from imperiled marine megafauna to characterize realized niche partitioning in these species. We captured 113 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) at a high-use area in the eastern Big Bend, Florida, between 2016 and 2022, comprising 53 subadults, 10 adult males and 50 adult females. We calculated trophic niche metrics using established and novel methods, and constructed Bayesian ellipses and hulls, to characterize loggerhead isotopic niches. These analyses indicated that loggerheads partition their realized ecological niche by lifestage, potentially along both bionomic (e.g. trophic) and/or scenopoetic (e.g. habitat, latitude or longitude) axes, and display different characteristics of resource use within their niches. Analysis of stable isotopes from tissues with different turnover rates enabled this first characterization of intraspecific niche partitioning between and within neritic lifestages in loggerhead turtles, which has direct implications for ongoing research and conservation efforts for this and other imperiled marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Silver-Gorges
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Simona A. Ceriani
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Mariana M. P. B. Fuentes
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
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17
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Shen C, Chen P, Zhang K, He M, Wan J, Wang Y, Tao Z, Huang W, Siemann E. Dynamics and mechanisms of secondary invasion following biological control of an invasive plant. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2594-2606. [PMID: 36918476 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Secondary invasions in which nontarget invaders expand following eradication of a target invader commonly occur in habitats with multiple invasive plant species and can prevent recovery of native communities. However, the dynamics and mechanisms of secondary invasion remain unclear. Here, we conducted a common garden experiment to test underlying mechanisms of secondary invasion for 14 nontarget invaders after biological control of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in two consecutive years. We found secondary invasion for all tested nontarget invaders, but secondary invasiveness (change relative to natives) varied with species and time. Specifically, secondary invasiveness depended most strongly on phylogenetic relatedness between the target and nontarget invaders in the first year with closely related nontarget invaders being most invasive. By contrast, secondary invasiveness in the second year was mostly driven by functional traits with taller nontarget invaders or those with higher specific leaf area, or smaller seeds especially invasive. Our study indicates that secondary invasion is likely to occur wherever other invasive plants co-occur with an invasive species targeted for control. Furthermore, the most problematic invaders will initially be species closely related to the target invader but then species with rapid growth and high reproduction are most likely to be more aggressive secondary invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengdong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaoping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Minyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jinlong Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Zhibin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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18
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Molleman F, Rossignol N, Ponge JF, Peres G, Cluzeau D, Ruiz-Camacho N, Cortet J, Pernin C, Villenave C, Prinzing A. Why phylogenetic signal of traits is important in ecosystems: uniformity of a plant trait increases soil fauna, but only in a phylogenetically uniform vegetation. Oecologia 2023; 202:175-191. [PMID: 37204497 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetically closely related plant species often share similar trait states (phylogenetic signal), but local assembly may favor dissimilar relatives and thereby decouple the diversity of a trait from the diversity of phylogenetic lineages. Associated fauna might either benefit from plant trait diversity, because it provides them complementary resources, or suffer from it due to dilution of preferred resources. We hence hypothesize that decoupling of trait and phylogenetic diversity weakens the relationship between the plant-trait diversity and the abundance and diversity of associated fauna. Studying permanent meadows, we tested for combined effects of plant phylogenetic diversity and diversity of two functional traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content) on major groups of soil fauna (earthworms, mites, springtails, nematodes). We found that only in phylogenetically uniform plant communities, was uniformity in the functional traits associated with (i) high abundance in springtails, and (ii) high abundance of the sub-group that feeds more directly on plant material (in springtails and mites) or those that are more prone to disturbance (in nematodes), and (iii) high diversity in all three groups tested (springtails, earthworms, nematodes). Our results suggest that soil fauna profits from the resource concentration in local plant communities that are uniform in both functional traits and phylogenetic lineages. Soil fauna would hence benefit from co-occurrence of closely related plants that have conserved the same trait values, rather than of distantly related plants that have converged in traits. This might result in faster decomposition and a positive feedback between trait conservatism and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Molleman
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - N Rossignol
- Université de Rennes 1/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit 'Ecobio-Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution', Campus Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14 A, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - J F Ponge
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7179, 4 avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - G Peres
- UMR SAS INRAE Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, 65 Rue de St-Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - D Cluzeau
- Université de Rennes 1/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit 'Ecobio-Ecosystemes, Biodiversite, Evolution', Station Biologique, 35380, Paimpont, France
| | - N Ruiz-Camacho
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche, 50, avenue Daumesnil, 75012, Paris, France
| | - J Cortet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3, Université de Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Route de Mende, 34199, Montpellier, France
| | - C Pernin
- Université de Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université Artois, Junia, ULR 4515-LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et geo-Environnement, 59000, Lille, France
| | - C Villenave
- ELISOL environnement, ZA des Tourels, 10 avenue du midi, 30111, Congénies, France
| | - A Prinzing
- Université de Rennes 1/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Research Unit 'Ecobio-Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution', Campus Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14 A, 35042, Rennes, France
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19
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Qiao X, Lamy T, Wang S, Hautier Y, Geng Y, White HJ, Zhang N, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Zhao X, von Gadow K. Latitudinal patterns of forest ecosystem stability across spatial scales as affected by biodiversity and environmental heterogeneity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2242-2255. [PMID: 36630490 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Our planet is facing a variety of serious threats from climate change that are unfolding unevenly across the globe. Uncovering the spatial patterns of ecosystem stability is important for predicting the responses of ecological processes and biodiversity patterns to climate change. However, the understanding of the latitudinal pattern of ecosystem stability across scales and of the underlying ecological drivers is still very limited. Accordingly, this study examines the latitudinal patterns of ecosystem stability at the local and regional spatial scale using a natural assembly of forest metacommunities that are distributed over a large temperate forest region, considering a range of potential environmental drivers. We found that the stability of regional communities (regional stability) and asynchronous dynamics among local communities (spatial asynchrony) both decreased with increasing latitude, whereas the stability of local communities (local stability) did not. We tested a series of hypotheses that potentially drive the spatial patterns of ecosystem stability, and found that although the ecological drivers of biodiversity, climatic history, resource conditions, climatic stability, and environmental heterogeneity varied with latitude, latitudinal patterns of ecosystem stability at multiple scales were affected by biodiversity and environmental heterogeneity. In particular, α diversity is positively associated with local stability, while β diversity is positively associated with spatial asynchrony, although both relationships are weak. Our study provides the first evidence that latitudinal patterns of the temporal stability of naturally assembled forest metacommunities across scales are driven by biodiversity and environmental heterogeneity. Our findings suggest that the preservation of plant biodiversity within and between forest communities and the maintenance of heterogeneous landscapes can be crucial to buffer forest ecosystems at higher latitudes from the faster and more intense negative impacts of climate change in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Qiao
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Lamy
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yan Geng
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hannah J White
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Naili Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhai Zhao
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Klaus von Gadow
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Forestry and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Forest and Wood Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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20
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Guo X, Zuo X, Medina-Roldán E, Guo A, Yue P, Zhao X, Qiao J, Li X, Chen M, Wei C, Yang T, Ke Y, Yu Q. Effects of multi-resource addition on grassland plant productivity and biodiversity along a resource gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159367. [PMID: 36240924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The change of plant biodiversity caused by resource-enhancing global changes has greatly affected grassland productivity. However, it remains unclear how multi-resource enrichment induces the effects of multifaceted biodiversity on grassland productivity under different site resource constraints. We conducted a multiple resource addition (MRA) experiment of water and nutrients at three sites located along a resource gradient in northern China. This allowed us to assess the response of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), species (species richness and plant density), functional (functional richness and community-weighted mean of traits) and phylogenetic (phylogenetic richness) diversity to increasing number of MRA. We used structural equation model (SEM) to examine the direct and indirect effects of MRA and multifaceted biodiversity on ANPP. The combined addition of the four resources increased ANPP at all three sites. But with increasing number of MRA, biodiversity varied at the three sites. At the high resource constraint site, species richness, plant density and leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) increased. At the medium resource constraint site, plant height and LNC increased, leaf dry matter content (LDMC) decreased. At the low resource constraint site, species, functional and phylogenetic richness decreased, and height increased. The SEM showed that MRA increased ANPP directly at all three sites, and indirectly by increasing plant density at the high constraint site and height at the medium constraint site. Independent of MRA, ANPP was affected by height at the high resource constraint site and LNC at the low resource constraint site. Our results illustrate that multi-resource addition positively affects productivity, while affects biodiversity depending on site resource constraint. The study highlights that site resource constraint conditions need to be taken into consideration to better predict grassland structure and function, particularly under the future multifaceted global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Guo
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Eduardo Medina-Roldán
- Institute of BioEconomy-National Research Council (IBE-NRC), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Aixia Guo
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xueyong Zhao
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jingjuan Qiao
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Cunzheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Tian Yang
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuguang Ke
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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21
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Sun N, Zhang W, Liao S, Li H. Is foliar spectrum predictive of belowground bacterial diversity? A case study in a peach orchard. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1129042. [PMID: 36910201 PMCID: PMC9998905 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere bacteria can have wide-ranging effects on their host plants, influencing plant biochemical and structural characteristics, and overall productivity. The implications of plant-microbe interactions provides an opportunity to interfere agriculture ecosystem with exogenous regulation of soil microbial community. Therefore, how to efficiently predict soil bacterial community at low cost is becoming a practical demand. Here, we hypothesize that foliar spectral traits can predict the diversity of bacterial community in orchard ecosystem. We tested this hypothesis by studying the ecological linkages between foliar spectral traits and soil bacterial community in a peach orchard in Yanqing, Beijing in 2020. Foliar spectral indexes were strongly correlated with alpha bacterial diversity and abundant genera that can promote soil nutrient conversion and utilization, such as Blastococcus, Solirubrobacter, and Sphingomonas at fruit mature stage. Certain unidentified or relative abundance <1% genera were also associated with foliar spectral traits. We selected specific indicators (photochemical reflectance index, normalized difference vegetable index, greenness index, and optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index) of foliar spectral indexes, alpha and beta diversities of bacterial community, and quantified the relations between foliar spectral traits and belowground bacterial community via SEM. The results of this study indicated that foliar spectral traits could powerfully predict belowground bacterial diversity. Characterizing plant attributes with easy-accessed foliar spectral indexes provides a new thinking in untangling the complex plant-microbe relationship, which could better cope with the decreased functional attributes (physiological, ecological, and productive traits) in orchard ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shangqiang Liao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Wang J, Li SP, Ge Y, Wang XY, Gao S, Chen T, Yu FH. Darwin's naturalization conundrum reconciled by changes of species interactions. Ecology 2023; 104:e3850. [PMID: 36173233 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although phylogenetic distance between native and exotic species has a close link with their interactions, it is still unclear how environmental stresses and species interactions influence the relationship between phylogenetic distance and biological invasions. Here we assessed the effect of invader-native phylogenetic distance on the growth of the invader (Symphyotrichum subulatum) under three levels of drought (no, moderate, or intense drought). Under no drought, interspecific competition between close relatives was the dominant process and native communities more closely related to the invader showed higher resistance to invasion, supporting Darwin's naturalization hypothesis. In contrast, under intense drought, facilitation between close relatives by mutualism with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) became more important, and the invader became more successful in their more closely related native communities, supporting the preadaptation hypothesis. The colonization rate of AMF of the invader was higher in more closely related native communities regardless of the drought treatment, but it was only positively related to invader biomass under intense drought. Therefore, the shift of species interactions from competition to facilitation may be ascribed to the promotion of AMF to invasion occurring under intense drought, which leads to the effect of closely related natives on the invader shifting from negative to positive. Our results provide a new angle to resolve Darwin's naturalization conundrum from the change of species interactions along a stress gradient, and provide important clues for invasion management when species interactions change in response to global climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song Gao
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Chen
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei-Hai Yu
- School of Life Science/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Herzog SA, Latvis M. Community-level phylogenetic diversity does not differ between rare and common lineages across tallgrass prairies in the northern Great Plains. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9453. [PMID: 36340814 PMCID: PMC9627050 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Niche differentiation has served as one explanation for species coexistence, and phylogenetic relatedness provides a means to approximate how ecologically similar species are to each other. To explore the contribution of rare species to community phylogenetic diversity, we sampled 21 plant communities across the Prairie Coteau ecoregion, an area of high conservation concern. We used breakpoint analysis through the iterative addition of less abundant species to the phylogenetic tree for each community to assess the contribution of rare species to community phylogenetic diversity. We also quantify the phylogenetic signal of abundance using Blomberg's K statistic and calculated the phylogenetic similarity between rare and common species using a phylogenetic beta-diversity metric (D nn). To estimate the phylogenetic structuring of these prairie communities, we calculated two common metrics that capture evolutionary relatedness at different scales (MPD and MNTD). Additionally, we examine the correlation between Faith's PD, MPD, and MNTD and species richness. We found rare species do not generally contribute higher levels of phylogenetic diversity than common species. Eight communities had significant breakpoints, with only four communities having an increasing trend for the rarest species. The phylogenetic signal for abundance was low but significant in only four communities, and communities had lower phylogenetic diversity than expected from the regional species pool. Finally, the strength of the correlation between species richness and phylogenetic diversity was mixed. Our results indicate niche differentiation does not explain the persistence of rare species in tallgrass prairies, as they were more closely related than expected from random, suggesting high functional redundancy between rare and common species. This is promising for the long-term resilience of this ecosystem, but only insofar as enough species remain in the system. With ongoing biodiversity loss, it is essential that we understand the role rare species play in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Herzog
- Department of Natural Resource ManagementSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA
- C.A. Taylor HerbariumSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA
- Division of BiologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA
| | - Maribeth Latvis
- Department of Natural Resource ManagementSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA
- C.A. Taylor HerbariumSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA
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24
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Jia X, Tao D, Ke Y, Li W, Yang T, Yang Y, He N, Smith MD, Yu Q. Dominant species control effects of nitrogen addition on ecosystem stability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156060. [PMID: 35618129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased nitrogen (N) deposition is known to reduce the ecosystem stability, while the underlying mechanisms are still controversial. We conducted an 8-year multi-level N addition experiment in a temperate semi-arid grassland to identify the mechanisms (biodiversity, species asynchrony, population stability and dominant species stability) driving the N-induced loss of temporal stability of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). We found that N addition decreased ecosystem, population, and dominant species stability; decreased species richness and phylogenetic diversity; increased species dominance; but had nonsignificant effects on community-wide species asynchrony. Structural equation model revealed that N-induced loss of ecosystem stability was mainly driven by the loss of dominant species stability and the reduction in population stability. Moreover, species relative instability was negatively related with species relative production and the slopes increase with N addition, indicating that N addition weakened the stabilizing effect of dominant species on ecosystem function. Overall, our results highlight that the dominant species control the temporal stability of ANPP in grassland ecosystem under N addition, and support 'dominance management' as an effective strategy for conserving ecosystem functioning in grassland under N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Jia
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dongxue Tao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuguang Ke
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenjin Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yadong Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, CO 80523, USA
| | - Qiang Yu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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25
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Tan EYW, Neo ML, Huang D. Assessing taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of giant clams across the Indo‐Pacific for conservation prioritization. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Y. W. Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Mei Lin Neo
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Tropical Marine Science Institute National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Centre for Nature‐based Climate Solutions National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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26
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Understory Plant Abundance Is More Important than Species Richness in Explaining Soil Nutrient Variation Following Afforestation on the Eastern Loess Plateau, China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Afforestation plays an important role in controlling soil erosion and nutrient loss on the Loess Plateau in China. However, previous studies on soil nutrient changes have mainly focused on the effects of tree species, whereas little is known about how changes in shrubs and herbs caused by afforestation drive soil nutrient changes. In this study, we examined the variation characteristics of understory vegetation and soil nutrients for different vegetation types. The results showed that compared to abandoned farmland, plantations significantly increased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen but had no significant effect on total phosphorus. Robinia pseudoacacia L. forests were more effective than Pinus tabuliformis Carr. forests in increasing soil nutrient content. In addition, herbaceous vegetation in the R. pseudoacacia forest better explained the soil nutrient variation, and herb abundance was the best explanatory variable; however, shrub vegetation contributed more to soil nutrient variation in the P. tabuliformis forest, and shrub abundance contributed the most. Accordingly, we determined that understory plant abundance, rather than species richness, may be the most important factor driving soil nutrient changes. Specifically, herb abundance in the R. pseudoacacia forest may drive soil nutrient changes mainly by regulating herb biomass and litter biomass. By contrast, shrub abundance in the P. tabuliformis forest indirectly affected soil organic carbon mainly by altering shrub biomass. Furthermore, although the phylogenetic relationships had less effect on soil nutrients than species composition, they also made important contributions. Therefore, the phylogenetic relationships should also be considered in addition to species composition when assessing the impact of vegetation on soil properties in the future.
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27
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Spatiotemporal Variations of Chinese Terrestrial Ecosystems in Response to Land Use and Future Climate Change. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13071024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems in China are threatened by land use and future climate change. Understanding the effects of these changes on vegetation and the climate-vegetation interactions is critical for vegetation preservation and mitigation. However, land-use impacts on vegetation are neglected in terrestrial ecosystems exploration, and a deep understanding of land-use impacts on vegetation dynamics is lacking. Additionally, few studies have examined the contribution of vegetation succession to changes in vegetation dynamics. To fill the above gaps in the field, the spatiotemporal distribution of terrestrial ecosystems under the current land use and climate baseline (1970–2000) was examined in this study using the Comprehensive Sequential Classification System (CSCS) model. Moreover, the spatiotemporal variations of ecosystems and their succession under future climate scenarios (the 2030s–2080s) were quantitatively projected and compared. The results demonstrated that under the current situation, vegetation without human disturbance was mainly distributed in high elevation regions and less than 10% of the national area. For future vegetation dynamics, more than 58% of tundra and alpine steppe would shrink. Semidesert would respond to climate change with an expansion of 39.49 × 104 km2, including the succession of the steppe to semidesert. Although some advancement of the temperate forest at the expense of substantial dieback of tundra and alpine steppe is expected to occur, this century would witness a considerable shrinkage of them, especially in RCP8.5, at approximately 55.06 × 104 km2. Overall, a warmer and wetter climate would be conducive to the occurrence and development of the CSCS ecosystems. These results offer new insights on the potential ecosystem response to land use and climate change over the Chinese domain, and on creating targeted policies for effective adaptation to these changes and implementation of ecosystem protection measures.
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28
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Oliveira BF, Moore FC, Dong X. Biodiversity mediates ecosystem sensitivity to climate variability. Commun Biol 2022; 5:628. [PMID: 35761028 PMCID: PMC9237054 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rich body of evidence from local-scale experiments and observational studies has revealed stabilizing effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning. However, whether these effects emerge across entire regions and continents remains largely overlooked. Here we combine data on the distribution of more than 57,500 plant species and remote-sensing observations throughout the entire Western Hemisphere to investigate the role of multiple facets of plant diversity (species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity) in mediating the sensitivity of ecosystems to climate variability at the regional-scale over the past 20 years. We show that, across multiple biomes, regions of greater plant diversity exhibit lower sensitivity (more stable over time) to temperature variability at the interannual and seasonal-scales. While these areas can display lower sensitivity to interannual variability in precipitation, they emerge as highly sensitive to precipitation seasonality. Conserving landscapes of greater diversity may help stabilize ecosystem functioning under climate change, possibly securing the continuous provisions of productivity-related ecosystem service to people. With the help of spatial autoregressive models, the relationship between multiple facets of plant biodiversity and ecosystem sensitivity to climate variability is explored on a landscape-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunno F Oliveira
- Environmental Science and Policy Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA. .,Centre for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB), FRB, Montpellier, France.
| | - Frances C Moore
- Environmental Science and Policy Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Environmental Science and Policy Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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29
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Phylogenetic and Functional Structure of Wood Communities among Different Disturbance Regimes in a Temperate Mountain Forest. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for biodiversity formation and maintenance are central themes in biodiversity conservation. However, the relationships between community assembly, phylogeny, and functional traits remain poorly understood, especially following disturbance. In this study, we examined forest community assembly mechanisms in different disturbance regimes across spatial scales and including tree life history classes, using phylogenetic and functional trait metrics. Across disturbance regimes, phylogenetic structure tended to be over-dispersed, while functional structure tended to be clustered. The over-dispersion of phylogenetic structure also increased from small to large diameter species. Moreover, the explanation of spatial distance for the turnover of phylogenetic and functional structure was increased, while environmental distance explained less structure as disturbance intensity decreased. Our findings suggest that niche theory largely explains forest community assembly in different disturbance regimes. Furthermore, environmental filtering plays a major role in moderate to high disturbance regimes, while competitive exclusion is more important in undisturbed and slightly disturbed ecosystems.
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30
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Swan CM, Baker M, Borowy D, Johnson A, Shcheglovitova M, Sparkman A, Neto FV, Van Appledorn M, Voelker N. Loss of phylogenetic diversity under landscape change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153595. [PMID: 35114247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Habitat alteration and destruction are primary drivers of biodiversity loss. However, the evolutionary dimensions of biodiversity loss remain largely unexplored in many systems. For example, little is known about how habitat alteration/loss can lead to phylogenetic deconstruction of ecological assemblages at the local level. That is, while species loss is evident, are some lineages favored over others? Using a long-term dataset of a globally, ecologically important guild of invertebrate consumers, stream leaf "shredders," we created a phylogenetic tree of the taxa in the regional species pool, calculated mean phylogenetic distinctiveness for >1000 communities spanning >10 year period, and related species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and distinctiveness to watershed-scale impervious cover. Using a combination of changepoint and compositional analyses, we learned that increasing impervious cover produced marked reductions in all three measures of diversity. These results aid in understanding both phylogenetic diversity and mean assemblage phylogenetic distinctiveness. Our findings indicate that, not only are species lost when there is an increase in watershed urbanization, as other studies have demonstrated, but that those lost are members of more distinct lineages relative to the community as a whole..
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Swan
- Department of Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Matthew Baker
- Department of Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Dorothy Borowy
- Natural Resources & Science, National Capital Area-Region 1, National Park Service, 4598 MacArthur Blvd., NW, Washington D.C. 20007, USA
| | - Anna Johnson
- Pennsylvania Natural Heritage Program, Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, Pittsburgh, PA 15222, USA
| | - Mariya Shcheglovitova
- Department of Environment and Society, Utah State University, 5215 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5215, USA
| | - April Sparkman
- Department of Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Francisco Valente Neto
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Caixa Postal 549, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Molly Van Appledorn
- US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA
| | - Nicole Voelker
- Department of Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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31
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Lankau RA, George I, Miao M. Crop performance is predicted by soil microbial diversity across phylogenetic scales. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Lankau
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Isabelle George
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Max Miao
- Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
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32
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Mota NM, Gastauer M, Carrión JF, Meira-Neto JAA. Roads as conduits of functional and phylogenetic degradation in Caatinga. Trop Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-022-00245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Ng LWK, Chisholm C, Carrasco LR, Darling ES, Guilhaumon F, Mooers AØ, Tucker CM, Winter M, Huang D. Prioritizing phylogenetic diversity to protect functional diversity of reef corals. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linus W. K. Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Luis Roman Carrasco
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Centre for Nature‐based Climate Solutions National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | | | | | - Arne Ø. Mooers
- Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada
| | - Caroline M. Tucker
- Environment, Ecology and Energy Program University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Leipzig Germany
| | - Danwei Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Centre for Nature‐based Climate Solutions National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum and Tropical Marine Science Institute National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
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34
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Zhang G, Mao Z, Fortunel C, Martínez-Vilalta J, Viennois G, Maillard P, Stokes A. Parenchyma fractions drive the storage capacity of nonstructural carbohydrates across a broad range of tree species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:535-549. [PMID: 35266560 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) play a key role in tree performance and functioning and are stored in radial and axial parenchyma (RAP) cells. Whether this relationship is altered among species and climates or is linked to functional traits describing xylem structure (wood density) and tree stature is not known. METHODS In a systematic review, we collated data for NSC content and the proportion of RAP in stems for 68 tree species. To examine the relationships of NSCs and RAP with climatic factors and other functional traits, we also collected climatic data at each tree's location, as well as wood density and maximum height. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to examine the influence of species' evolutionary relationships on the associations among NSCs, RAP, and functional traits. RESULTS Across all 68 tree species, NSCs were positively correlated with RAP and mean annual temperature, but relationships were only weakly significant in temperate species and angiosperms. When separating RAP into radial parenchyma (RP) and axial parenchyma (AP), both NSCs and wood density were positively correlated with RP but not with AP. Wood in taller trees was less dense and had lower RAP than in shorter trees, but height was not related to NSCs. CONCLUSIONS In trees, NSCs are stored mostly in the RP fraction, which has a larger surface area in warmer climates. Additionally, NSCs were only weakly linked to wood density and tree height. Our analysis of evolutionary relationships demonstrated that RAP fractions and NSC content were always closely related across all 68 tree species, suggesting that RAP can act as a reliable proxy for potential NSC storage capacity in tree stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Zhang
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Zhun Mao
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gaëlle Viennois
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Maillard
- SILVA, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Agroparistech, Centre de Recherche Grand-Est Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Alexia Stokes
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
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35
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Wu ETY, Liu Y, Jennings L, Dong S, Davies TJ. Detecting the phylogenetic signal of glacial refugia in a bryodiversity hotspot outside the tropics. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest T. Y. Wu
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Yang Liu
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Linda Jennings
- Department of Botany Faculty of Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Herbarium, Beaty Biodiversity Museum University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - T. Jonathan Davies
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Botany Faculty of Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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36
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Li J, Dirzo R, Wang Y, Zeng D, Liu J, Ren P, Zhong L, Ding P. Rapid morphological change in a small mammal species after habitat fragmentation over the past half‐century. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Rodolfo Dirzo
- Department of Biology and Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Di Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Juan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Peng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Lei Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Ping Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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Prinzing A, Pavoine S, Jactel H, Hortal J, Hennekens SM, Ozinga WA, Bartish IV, Helmus MR, Kühn I, Moen DS, Weiher E, Brändle M, Winter M, Violle C, Venail P, Purschke O, Yguel B. Disturbed habitats locally reduce the signal of deep evolutionary history in functional traits of plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1849-1862. [PMID: 34455590 PMCID: PMC9292768 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The functioning of present ecosystems reflects deep evolutionary history of locally cooccurring species if their functional traits show high phylogenetic signal (PS). However, we do not understand what drives local PS. We hypothesize that local PS is high in undisturbed and stressful habitats, either due to ongoing local assembly of species that maintained ancestral traits, or to past evolutionary maintenance of ancestral traits within habitat species-pools, or to both. We quantified PS and diversity of 10 traits within 6704 local plant communities across 38 Dutch habitat types differing in disturbance or stress. Mean local PS varied 50-fold among habitat types, often independently of phylogenetic or trait diversity. Mean local PS decreased with disturbance but showed no consistent relationship to stress. Mean local PS exceeded species-pool PS, reflecting nonrandom subsampling from the pool. Disturbance or stress related more strongly to mean local than to species-pool PS. Disturbed habitats harbour species with evolutionary divergent trait values, probably driven by ongoing, local assembly of species: environmental fluctuations might maintain different trait values within lineages through an evolutionary storage effect. If functional traits do not reflect phylogeny, ecosystem functioning might not be contingent on the presence of particular lineages, and lineages might establish evolutionarily novel interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Prinzing
- Research Unit ECOBIO (Ecosystems, Biodiversity, Evolution)UMR 6553University of Rennes/Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCampus Beaulieu, Bâtiment 14 A, 263 Av. du Général Leclerc35042RennesFrance
| | - Sandrine Pavoine
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO‐UMR 7204)Sorbonne Universités‐MNHN‐CNRS‐UPMCCP51, 55‐61 rue Buffon75005ParisFrance
| | - Hervé Jactel
- INRAEBIOGECOUniversity of BordeauxF‐33610CestasFrance
| | - Joaquin Hortal
- Department of Biogeography and Global ChangeMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐CSIC)C/Jose Gutierrez Abascal 228006MadridSpain
| | - Stephan M. Hennekens
- Wageningen Environmental ResearchWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 47NL‐6700 AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Wim A. Ozinga
- Wageningen Environmental ResearchWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 47NL‐6700 AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Igor V. Bartish
- Department of Population EcologyInstitute of BotanyAcad Sci Czech RepublicCZ‐25243Průhonice 1Czech Republic
| | - Matthew R. Helmus
- Integrative Ecology LabDepartment of BiologyCenter for BiodiversityTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19122USA
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department of Community EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZTheodor‐Lieser‐Str. 406120HalleGermany
- Geobotany & Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1Halle/S.06108Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Daniel S. Moen
- Dept. Integrative BiologyOklahoma State University517 Life Sciences WestStillwaterOK 74078USA
| | - Evan Weiher
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Wisconsin - Eau ClaireEau ClaireWI54702-4004USA
| | - Martin Brändle
- Department of Ecology - Animal Ecology, Faculty of BiologyPhilipps-Universität MarburgKarl‐von‐Frisch Str. 8Marburg35032Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFEUniv Montpellier ‐ CNRS ‐ EPHE ‐ IRD1919 route de MendeMontpellier34293 Montpellier, CEDEX 5France
| | - Patrick Venail
- Environmental Engineering DepartmentCentro de Investigación y Tecnología del Agua – CITAJr. Medrano Silva 16515063Lima, BarrancoPerú
| | - Oliver Purschke
- Geobotany & Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1Halle/S.06108Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e04103LeipzigGermany
- Department of Computer ScienceMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergVon‐Seckendorff‐Platz 106120HalleGermany
| | - Benjamin Yguel
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO‐UMR 7204)Sorbonne Universités‐MNHN‐CNRS‐UPMCCP51, 55‐61 rue Buffon75005ParisFrance
- Department of Community EcologyHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZTheodor‐Lieser‐Str. 406120HalleGermany
- Unité MECADEV mécanismes adaptatifs et évolutionUMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN4 avenue du Petit Château91800BrunoyFrance
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Peng S, Zhang J, Zhang X, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang Z. Conservation of woody species in China under future climate and land‐cover changes. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Peng
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yaoqi Li
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China
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Qiao X, Zhang N, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Gadow K. Unravelling biodiversity–productivity relationships across a large temperate forest region. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Qiao
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Naili Zhang
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences Changchun China
| | - Xiuhai Zhao
- Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Klaus Gadow
- Faculty of Forestry and Forest Ecology Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Department of Forest and Wood Science University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch South Africa
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40
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Bellard C, Bernery C, Leclerc C. Looming extinctions due to invasive species: Irreversible loss of ecological strategy and evolutionary history. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4967-4979. [PMID: 34337834 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions are one of the main drivers of biodiversity decline worldwide. However, many associated extinctions are yet to occur, meaning that the ecological debt caused by invasive species could be considerable for biodiversity. We explore extinction scenarios due to invasive species and investigate whether paying off the current extinction debt will shift the global composition of mammals and birds in terms of ecological strategy and evolutionary history. Current studies mostly focus on the number of species potentially at risk due to invasions without taking into account species characteristics in terms of ecological or phylogenetic properties. We found that 11% of phylogenetic diversity worldwide is represented by invasive-threatened species. Furthermore, 14% of worldwide trait diversity is hosted by invasive-threatened mammals and 40% by invasive-threatened birds, with Neotropical and Oceanian realms being primary risk hotspots. Projected extinctions of invasive-threatened species result in a smaller reduction in ecological strategy space and evolutionary history than expected under randomized extinction scenarios. This can be explained by the strong pattern in the clustering of ecological profiles and families impacted by invasive alien species (IAS). However, our results confirm that IAS are likely to cause the selective loss of species with unique evolutionary and ecological profiles. Our results also suggest a global shift in species composition away from those with large body mass, which mostly feed in the lower foraging strata and have an herbivorous diet (mammals). Our findings demonstrate the potential impact of biological invasions on phylogenetic and trait dimensions of diversity, especially in the Oceanian realm. We therefore call for a more systematic integration of all facets of diversity when investigating the consequences of biological invasions in future studies. This would help to establish spatial prioritizations regarding IAS threats worldwide and anticipate the consequences of losing specific ecological profiles in the invaded community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bellard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France
| | - Camille Bernery
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Orsay, France
| | - Camille Leclerc
- INRAE, University of Aix Marseille, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
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41
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Williams EW, Zeldin J, Semski WR, Hipp AL, Larkin DJ. Phylogenetic distance and resource availability mediate direction and strength of plant interactions in a competition experiment. Oecologia 2021; 197:459-469. [PMID: 34476548 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phylogenetic ecology uses evolutionary history to improve understanding of plant interactions. Phylogenetic distance can mediate plant interactions such as competition (e.g., via limiting similarity) and facilitation (e.g., via niche complementarity), influencing community assembly patterns. Previous research has found evidence both for and against a relationship between phylogenetic distance and the strength of plant interactions, and has found that other factors, such as trait differences, may be more influential. In addition to phylogenetic distance and species' traits, environmental conditions can also influence competition, with facilitative interactions-particularly among distantly related species-potentially becoming more pronounced under stressful, resource-limited conditions. We tested the prediction that greater phylogenetic distance is associated with decreased competition in a greenhouse experiment using plant species of the North American tallgrass prairie. We calculated the Relative Interaction Index for 81 species pairs using plant height, leaf length, and biomass as indicators of performance. We found that phylogenetic distance alone did not significantly affect competition. However, the interaction between phylogenetic distance and stressful conditions (sandier soils with low nutrient availability and water retention vs. resource-rich potting soil) altered plant traits and competition. Under stressful conditions, more distantly related species competed more strongly, leading to smaller plants. Conversely, under benign conditions more distantly related species pairs competed less and were larger. These results were contrary to our expectations that distant relatives would compete less under stressful conditions. Our experiment provides evidence that, while relatedness alone may not drive competition, phylogenetic distance can nonetheless be influential through interactions with environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn W Williams
- Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, USA. .,Adaptive Restoration LLC., 8864 Offerdahl Road, Mount Horeb, WI, 53572, USA.
| | - Jacob Zeldin
- Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, USA
| | - Wendy R Semski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of WI-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Andrew L Hipp
- Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J Larkin
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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42
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Feng X, Merow C, Liu Z, Park DS, Roehrdanz PR, Maitner B, Newman EA, Boyle BL, Lien A, Burger JR, Pires MM, Brando PM, Bush MB, McMichael CNH, Neves DM, Nikolopoulos EI, Saleska SR, Hannah L, Breshears DD, Evans TP, Soto JR, Ernst KC, Enquist BJ. How deregulation, drought and increasing fire impact Amazonian biodiversity. Nature 2021; 597:516-521. [PMID: 34471291 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity contributes to the ecological and climatic stability of the Amazon Basin1,2, but is increasingly threatened by deforestation and fire3,4. Here we quantify these impacts over the past two decades using remote-sensing estimates of fire and deforestation and comprehensive range estimates of 11,514 plant species and 3,079 vertebrate species in the Amazon. Deforestation has led to large amounts of habitat loss, and fires further exacerbate this already substantial impact on Amazonian biodiversity. Since 2001, 103,079-189,755 km2 of Amazon rainforest has been impacted by fires, potentially impacting the ranges of 77.3-85.2% of species that are listed as threatened in this region5. The impacts of fire on the ranges of species in Amazonia could be as high as 64%, and greater impacts are typically associated with species that have restricted ranges. We find close associations between forest policy, fire-impacted forest area and their potential impacts on biodiversity. In Brazil, forest policies that were initiated in the mid-2000s corresponded to reduced rates of burning. However, relaxed enforcement of these policies in 2019 has seemingly begun to reverse this trend: approximately 4,253-10,343 km2 of forest has been impacted by fire, leading to some of the most severe potential impacts on biodiversity since 2009. These results highlight the critical role of policy enforcement in the preservation of biodiversity in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| | - Cory Merow
- Eversource Energy Center and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Zhihua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Daniel S Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Patrick R Roehrdanz
- The Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Brian Maitner
- Eversource Energy Center and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Erica A Newman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Arizona Institutes for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brad L Boyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Hardner & Gullison Associates, Amherst, NH, USA
| | - Aaron Lien
- Arizona Institutes for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph R Burger
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Arizona Institutes for Resilience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mathias M Pires
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Brando
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA.,Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia (IPAM), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Mark B Bush
- Insitute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Crystal N H McMichael
- Department of Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danilo M Neves
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Efthymios I Nikolopoulos
- Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Scott R Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lee Hannah
- The Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - David D Breshears
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tom P Evans
- School of Geography, Development and Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - José R Soto
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kacey C Ernst
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
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Valverde-Barrantes OJ, Authier L, Schimann H, Baraloto C. Root anatomy helps to reconcile observed root trait syndromes in tropical tree species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:744-755. [PMID: 34028799 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Studying the organization of functional traits in plant leaves and stems has revealed notable patterns linking function and form; however, evidence of similarly robust organization in root tissues remains controversial. We posit that anatomical traits in roots can provide insight on the overall organization of the root system. We hypothesized that size variation in the tissue outside the stele is related in a nonlinear fashion with functional traits associated with direct resource uptake, including a negative relationship with root architectural traits, and that similar relationships detected in tropical areas also hold true in other biomes. METHODS We addressed our hypotheses using empirical data from 24 tropical tree species in French Guiana, including anatomical measurements in first order roots and functional trait description for the entire fine root system. In addition, we compiled a global meta-analysis of root traits for 500+ forest species across tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests. RESULTS Our results supported the expected nonlinear relationships between cortical size and morphological traits and a negative linear trend with architectural traits. We confirmed a global negative relationship among specific root length (SRL), diameter, and tissue density, suggesting similar anatomical constraints in root systems across woody plants. However, the importance of factors varies across biomes, possibly related to the unequal phylogenetic representation across latitudes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that the rhizocentric hypothesis can be a valuable approach to understand fine root trait syndromes and the evolution of absorptive roots in vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- Institute of Environment, International Center of Tropical Biodiversity, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Louise Authier
- INRAE - UMR Écologie des Forêts de Guyane (CNRS, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles), Kourou, France
| | - Heidy Schimann
- INRAE - UMR Écologie des Forêts de Guyane (CNRS, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles), Kourou, France
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- Institute of Environment, International Center of Tropical Biodiversity, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- INRAE - UMR Écologie des Forêts de Guyane (CNRS, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles), Kourou, France
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Prager CM, Jing X, Henning JA, Read QD, Meidl P, Lavorel S, Sanders NJ, Sundqvist M, Wardle DA, Classen AT. Climate and multiple dimensions of plant diversity regulate ecosystem carbon exchange along an elevational gradient. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Case M. Prager
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan48109USA
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Xin Jing
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan48109USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200E Leuven3001Belgium
- Gund Institute for Environment University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Jeremiah A. Henning
- Department of Biology University of South Alabama 5871 USA Drive N Mobile Alabama USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested ButteColorado USA
| | - Quentin D. Read
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested ButteColorado USA
- National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center 1 Park Place Annapolis Maryland USA
| | - Peter Meidl
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested ButteColorado USA
| | - Sandra Lavorel
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine CNRS – Université Grenoble Alpes – Université Savoie Mont Blanc Grenoble38000France
| | - Nathan J. Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan48109USA
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
- Gund Institute for Environment University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested ButteColorado USA
| | - Maja Sundqvist
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Earth Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - David A. Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Aimee T. Classen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan48109USA
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
- Gund Institute for Environment University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested ButteColorado USA
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Junggebauer A, Hartke TR, Ramos D, Schaefer I, Buchori D, Hidayat P, Scheu S, Drescher J. Changes in diversity and community assembly of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) after rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm plantations. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11012. [PMID: 33717710 PMCID: PMC7937343 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rainforest conversion into monoculture plantations results in species loss and community shifts across animal taxa. The effect of such conversion on the role of ecophysiological properties influencing communities, and conversion effects on phylogenetic diversity and community assembly mechanisms, however, are rarely studied in the same context. Here, we compare salticid spider (Araneae: Salticidae) communities between canopies of lowland rainforest, rubber agroforest (“jungle rubber”) and monoculture plantations of rubber or oil palm, sampled in a replicated plot design in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Overall, we collected 912 salticid spider individuals and sorted them to 70 morphospecies from 21 genera. Salticid richness was highest in jungle rubber, followed by rainforest, oil palm and rubber, but abundance of salticids did not differ between land-use systems. Community composition was similar in jungle rubber and rainforest but different from oil palm and rubber, which in turn were different from each other. The four investigated land-use systems differed in aboveground plant biomass, canopy openness and land use intensity, which explained 12% of the observed variation in canopy salticid communities. Phylogenetic diversity based on ~850 bp 28S rDNA fragments showed similar patterns as richness, that is, highest in jungle rubber, intermediate in rainforest, and lowest in the two monoculture plantations. Additionally, we found evidence for phylogenetic clustering of salticids in oil palm, suggesting that habitat filtering is an important factor shaping salticid spider communities in monoculture plantations. Overall, our study offers a comprehensive insight into the mechanisms shaping communities of arthropod top predators in canopies of tropical forest ecosystems and plantations, combining community ecology, environmental variables and phylogenetics across a land-use gradient in tropical Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Junggebauer
- Department of Animal Ecology, J-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tamara R Hartke
- Department of Animal Ecology, J-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Ramos
- Department of Animal Ecology, J-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ina Schaefer
- Department of Animal Ecology, J-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Purnama Hidayat
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Department of Animal Ecology, J-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Drescher
- Department of Animal Ecology, J-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Weglarz KM, Saunders WC, Van Wagenen A, Pearse WD. Phylogenetic diversity efficiently and accurately prioritizes conservation of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Weglarz
- Department of Biology & Ecology Center Utah State University 5305 Old Main Hill Logan Utah84322USA
| | - W. Carl Saunders
- PACFISH/INFISH Biological Opinion Effectiveness Monitoring Program USDA Forest Service 860 North 1200 East Logan Utah84321USA
| | - Andrew Van Wagenen
- PACFISH/INFISH Biological Opinion Effectiveness Monitoring Program USDA Forest Service 860 North 1200 East Logan Utah84321USA
| | - William D. Pearse
- Department of Biology & Ecology Center Utah State University 5305 Old Main Hill Logan Utah84322USA
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Tsianou MA, Touloumis K, Kallimanis AS. Low spatial congruence between temporal functional β‐diversity and temporal taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity in British avifauna. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Tsianou
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Konstantinos Touloumis
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
- Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Fisheries Research Institute Kavala Greece
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Oliveira AGD, Peláez O, Agostinho AA. The effectiveness of protected areas in the Paraná-Paraguay basin in preserving multiple facets of freshwater fish diversity under climate change. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) in the Paraná-Paraguay basin on multiple facets of ichthyofauna, both currently and in future climate change scenarios, based on reaching the 17% of conserved terrestrial and inland water defined by Aichi Target 11. Analyses were carried out vis-à-vis a distribution of 496 native species, modeling for the present and for the future, and in moderate and pessimistic scenarios of greenhouse gases. We calculated species richness, functional richness, and phylogenetic diversity, overlapping the combination of these facets with the PAs. The results indicate that the current PAs of the Paraná-Paraguay basin are not efficient in protecting the richest areas of ichthyofauna in their multiple facets. While there is a larger overlap between PAs and the richest areas in phylogenetic diversity, the values are too low (2.37%). Currently, the overlap between PAs and areas with larger species richness, functional richness, and phylogenetic diversity is only 1.48%. Although this value can increase for future projections, the values of the indices decrease substantially. The relevant aquatic environments, biological communities, and climate change should be considered as part of the systematic planning of PAs that take into consideration the terrestrial environments and their threats.
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Effects of two measures of riparian plant biodiversity on litter decomposition and associated processes in stream microcosms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19682. [PMID: 33184346 PMCID: PMC7661703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant litter decomposition is a key ecosystem process that can be altered by global changes such as biodiversity loss. These effects can be particularly important in detritus-based ecosystems, such as headwater streams, which are mainly fuelled by allochthonous plant litter inputs. However, experiments examining effects of plant diversity on litter decomposition in streams have not reached consensus about which measures of biodiversity are more relevant. We explored the influence of two of these measures, plant species richness (SR; monocultures vs. 3-species mixtures) and phylogenetic distance (PD; species belonging to the same family vs. different families), on leaf litter decomposition and associated processes and variables (nutrient dynamics, fungal biomass and detritivore growth), in a stream microcosm experiment using litter from 9 tree species belonging to 3 families. We found a negative effect of SR on decomposition (which contradicted the results of previous experiments) but a positive effect on fungal biomass. While PD did not affect decomposition, both SR and PD altered nutrient dynamics: there was greater litter and detritivore N loss in low-PD mixtures, and greater litter P loss and detritivore P gain in monocultures. This suggested that the number of species in mixtures and the similarity of their traits both modulated nutrient availability and utilization by detritivores. Moreover, the greater fungal biomass with higher SR could imply positive effects on detritivores in the longer term. Our results provide new insights of the functional repercussions of biodiversity loss by going beyond the often-explored relationship between SR and decomposition, and reveal an influence of plant species phylogenetic relatedness on nutrient cycling that merits further investigation.
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Global distribution and conservation status of ecologically rare mammal and bird species. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5071. [PMID: 33033235 PMCID: PMC7545165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18779-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying species that are both geographically restricted and functionally distinct, i.e. supporting rare traits and functions, is of prime importance given their risk of extinction and their potential contribution to ecosystem functioning. We use global species distributions and functional traits for birds and mammals to identify the ecologically rare species, understand their characteristics, and identify hotspots. We find that ecologically rare species are disproportionately represented in IUCN threatened categories, insufficiently covered by protected areas, and for some of them sensitive to current and future threats. While they are more abundant overall in countries with a low human development index, some countries with high human development index are also hotspots of ecological rarity, suggesting transboundary responsibility for their conservation. Altogether, these results state that more conservation emphasis should be given to ecological rarity given future environmental conditions and the need to sustain multiple ecosystem processes in the long-term.
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