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Sohn MN, Brown JC, Sharma P, Ziemann U, McGirr A. Pharmacological adjuncts and transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced synaptic plasticity: a systematic review. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2024; 49:E59-E76. [PMID: 38359933 PMCID: PMC10890793 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive neurostimulation modality that has been used to study human synaptic plasticity. Leveraging work in ex vivo preparations, mechanistically informed pharmacological adjuncts to TMS have been used to improve our fundamental understanding of TMS-induced synaptic plasticity. METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature pairing pharmacological adjuncts with TMS plasticity-induction protocols in humans. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase from 2013 to Mar. 10, 2023. Studies published before 2013 were extracted from a previous systematic review. We included studies using repetitive TMS, theta-burst stimulation, paired associative stimulation, and quadripulse stimulation paradigms in healthy and clinical populations. RESULTS Thirty-six studies met our inclusion criteria (28 in healthy and 8 in clinical populations). Most pharmacological agents have targeted the glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA; 15 studies) or dopamine receptors (13 studies). The NMDA receptor is necessary for TMS-induced plasticity; however, sufficiency has not been shown across protocols. Dopaminergic modulation of TMS-induced plasticity appears to be dose-dependent. The GABAergic, cholinergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems have small evidence bases supporting modulation of TMS-induced plasticity, as do voltage-gated calcium and sodium channels. Studies in clinical populations suggest that pharmacological adjuncts to TMS may rescue motor cortex plasticity, with implications for therapeutic applications of TMS and a promising clinical trial in depression. LIMITATIONS This review is limited by the predominance in the literature of studies with small sample sizes and crossover designs. CONCLUSION Pharmacologically enhanced TMS largely parallels findings from ex vivo preparations. As this area expands and novel targets are tested, adequately powered samples in healthy and clinical populations will inform the mechanisms of TMS-induced plasticity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myren N Sohn
- From the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the McLean Hospital, Division of Neurotherapeutics, Belmont, Mass., USA (Brown, Sharma); the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Brown); the Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann); and the Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann)
| | - Joshua C Brown
- From the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the McLean Hospital, Division of Neurotherapeutics, Belmont, Mass., USA (Brown, Sharma); the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Brown); the Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann); and the Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann)
| | - Prayushi Sharma
- From the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the McLean Hospital, Division of Neurotherapeutics, Belmont, Mass., USA (Brown, Sharma); the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Brown); the Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann); and the Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann)
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- From the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the McLean Hospital, Division of Neurotherapeutics, Belmont, Mass., USA (Brown, Sharma); the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Brown); the Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann); and the Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann)
| | - Alexander McGirr
- From the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, Alta., Canada (Sohn, McGirr); the McLean Hospital, Division of Neurotherapeutics, Belmont, Mass., USA (Brown, Sharma); the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA (Brown); the Department of Neurology & Stroke, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann); and the Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany (Ziemann)
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Schinz D, Schmitz‐Koep B, Zimmermann J, Brandes E, Tahedl M, Menegaux A, Dukart J, Zimmer C, Wolke D, Daamen M, Boecker H, Bartmann P, Sorg C, Hedderich DM. Indirect evidence for altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in very premature-born adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5125-5138. [PMID: 37608591 PMCID: PMC10502650 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
While animal models indicate altered brain dopaminergic neurotransmission after premature birth, corresponding evidence in humans is scarce due to missing molecular imaging studies. To overcome this limitation, we studied dopaminergic neurotransmission changes in human prematurity indirectly by evaluating the spatial co-localization of regional alterations in blood oxygenation fluctuations with the distribution of adult dopaminergic neurotransmission. The study cohort comprised 99 very premature-born (<32 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight below 1500 g) and 107 full-term born young adults, being assessed by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and IQ testing. Normative molecular imaging dopamine neurotransmission maps were derived from independent healthy control groups. We computed the co-localization of local (rs-fMRI) activity alterations in premature-born adults with respect to term-born individuals to different measures of dopaminergic neurotransmission. We performed selectivity analyses regarding other neuromodulatory systems and MRI measures. In addition, we tested if the strength of the co-localization is related to perinatal measures and IQ. We found selectively altered co-localization of rs-fMRI activity in the premature-born cohort with dopamine-2/3-receptor availability in premature-born adults. Alterations were specific for the dopaminergic system but not for the used MRI measure. The strength of the co-localization was negatively correlated with IQ. In line with animal studies, our findings support the notion of altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in prematurity which is associated with cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schinz
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Benita Schmitz‐Koep
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Juliana Zimmermann
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Elin Brandes
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Marlene Tahedl
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Aurore Menegaux
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and MedicineBrain & Behaviour (INM‐7), Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- Department of NeonatologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of NeonatologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Dennis M. Hedderich
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
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3
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Urueña-Méndez G, Dimiziani A, Bellés L, Goutaudier R, Ginovart N. Repeated Cocaine Intake Differentially Impacts Striatal D 2/3 Receptor Availability, Psychostimulant-Induced Dopamine Release, and Trait Behavioral Markers of Drug Abuse. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13238. [PMID: 37686044 PMCID: PMC10487888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research indicates that altered dopamine (DA) transmission in the striatum contributes to impulsivity and novelty-seeking, and it may mediate a link concerning a higher susceptibility to drug abuse. Whether increased susceptibility to drug abuse results from a hyperdopaminergic or hypodopaminergic state is still debated. Here, we simultaneously tracked changes in DA D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability and amphetamine-(AMPH)-induced DA release in relation to impulsivity and novelty-seeking prior to, and following, cocaine self-administration (SA) in Roman high- (RHA) and low- (RLA) avoidance rats. We found that high-impulsive/high novelty-seeking RHA rats exhibited lower D2/3R availabilities and higher AMPH-induced DA release in the striatum that predicted higher levels of cocaine intake compared with RLAs. Cocaine SA did not alter striatal D2/3R availability or impulsivity in RHA or RLA rats. Critically, cocaine exposure led to a baseline-dependent blunting of stimulated DA release in high-impulsive/high novelty-seeking RHA rats only, and to a baseline-dependent increase in novelty-seeking in low-impulsive/low novelty-seeking RLA rats only. Altogether, we propose that susceptibility to drug abuse results from an innate hyper-responsive DA system, promoting impulsive action and novelty-seeking, and producing stronger initial drug-reinforcing effects that contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of drug use. However, with repeated cocaine use, a tolerance to drug-induced striatal DA elevations develops, leading to a compensatory increase in drug consumption to overcome the reduced reward effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginna Urueña-Méndez
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.U.-M.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Dimiziani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.U.-M.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Lidia Bellés
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.U.-M.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Goutaudier
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.U.-M.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Ginovart
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (G.U.-M.); (L.B.); (R.G.)
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Philip VM, He H, Saul MC, Dickson PE, Bubier JA, Chesler EJ. Gene expression genetics of the striatum of Diversity Outbred mice. Sci Data 2023; 10:522. [PMID: 37543624 PMCID: PMC10404230 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain transcriptional variation is a heritable trait that mediates complex behaviors, including addiction. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping reveals genomic regions harboring genetic variants that influence transcript abundance. In this study, we profiled transcript abundance in the striatum of 386 Diversity Outbred (J:DO) mice of both sexes using RNA-Seq. All mice were characterized using a behavioral battery of widely-used exploratory and risk-taking assays prior to transcriptional profiling. We performed eQTL mapping, incorporated the results into a browser-based eQTL viewer, and deposited co-expression network members in GeneWeaver. The eQTL viewer allows researchers to query specific genes to obtain allelic effect plots, analyze SNP associations, assess gene expression correlations, and apply mediation analysis to evaluate whether the regulatory variant is acting through the expression of another gene. GeneWeaver allows multi-species comparison of gene sets using statistical and combinatorial tools. This data resource allows users to find genetic variants that regulate differentially expressed transcripts and place them in the context of other studies of striatal gene expression and function in addiction-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek M Philip
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04605, USA
| | - Hao He
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Michael C Saul
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04605, USA
| | - Price E Dickson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25703, USA
| | - Jason A Bubier
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04605, USA
| | - Elissa J Chesler
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, 04605, USA.
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5
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Philip VM, He H, Saul MC, Dickson PE, Bubier JA, Chesler EJ. Gene expression genetics of the striatum of Diversity Outbred mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.11.540390. [PMID: 37214980 PMCID: PMC10197688 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.11.540390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Brain transcriptional variation is a heritable trait that mediates complex behaviors, including addiction. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping reveals genomic regions harboring genetic variants that influence transcript abundance. In this study, we profiled transcript abundance in the striatum of 386 Diversity Outbred (J:DO) mice of both sexes using RNA-Seq. All mice were characterized using a behavioral battery of widely-used exploratory and risk-taking assays prior to transcriptional profiling. We performed eQTL mapping, incorporated the results into a browser-based eQTL viewer, and deposited co-expression network members in GeneWeaver. The eQTL viewer allows researchers to query specific genes to obtain allelic effect plots, analyze SNP associations, assess gene expression correlations, and apply mediation analysis to evaluate whether the regulatory variant is acting through the expression of another gene. GeneWeaver allows multi-species comparison of gene sets using statistical and combinatorial tools. This data resource allows users to find genetic variants that regulate differentially expressed transcripts and place them in the context of other studies of striatal gene expression and function in addiction-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek M. Philip
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME 04605
| | - Hao He
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032
| | - Michael C. Saul
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME 04605
| | - Price E. Dickson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine Marshall University, 1700 3rd Ave. Huntington, WV 25703
| | - Jason A. Bubier
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME 04605
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Kaasinen V, Honkanen EA, Lindholm K, Jaakkola E, Majuri J, Parkkola R, Noponen T, Vahlberg T, Voon V, Clark L, Joutsa J, Seppänen M. Serotonergic and dopaminergic control of impulsivity in gambling disorder. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13264. [PMID: 36692875 PMCID: PMC10078603 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Gambling disorder (GD) is major public health issue. The disorder is often characterized by elevated impulsivity with evidence from analogous substance use disorders underlining prominent roles of brain monoamines in addiction susceptibility and outcome. Critically, GD allows the study of addiction mechanisms without the confounder of the effects of chronic substances. Here, we assessed the roles of striatal dopamine transporter binding and extrastriatal serotonin transporter binding in GD as a function of impulsivity using [123 I]FP-CIT SPECT imaging in 20 older adults with GD (DSM-5 criteria; mean age 64 years) and 40 non-GD age- and sex-matched controls. We focused on GD in older individuals because there are prominent age-related changes in neurotransmitter function and because there are no reported neuroimaging studies of GD in older adults. Volume-of-interest-based and voxelwise analyses were performed. GD patients scored clearly higher on impulsivity and had higher tracer binding in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex than controls (p < 0.001), likely reflecting serotonin transporter activity. The binding in the medial prefrontal cortex positively correlated with impulsivity over the whole sample (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) as well as separately in GD patients (r = 0.46, p = 0.04) and controls (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). Striatal tracer binding, reflecting dopamine transporter activity was also positively correlated with impulsivity but showed no group differences. These findings highlight the role of prefrontal serotonergic function in GD and impulsivity. They identify cerebral coordinates of a potential target for neuromodulation for both GD and high impulsivity, a core phenotypic dimensional cognitive marker in addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtteri Kaasinen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Emma A Honkanen
- Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Lindholm
- Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Jaakkola
- Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Joonas Majuri
- Department of Neurology, North Kymi Hospital, Kouvola, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Noponen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luke Clark
- Department of Psychology and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Seppänen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Witt KM, Harper DN, Ellenbroek BA. Dopamine D1 receptor and effort-based decision making in rats: The moderating effect of sex. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110651. [PMID: 36191805 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is a modulating factor in effort-based decision-making, and emerging evidence from pharmacological research suggests that the dopamine D1 receptor is the primary regulator. Given the limited selectivity of pharmacological tools, we further explored this hypothesis using dopamine D1 mutant (DAD1-/-) rats which have a specific genetic reduction in functional D1 receptors. Moreover, given the strong focus on males in neuroscience research in general and in the role of D1 receptors in effort-based learning, we compared both sexes in the present study. Adult male and female DAD1-/- mutant rats and wild type controls were trained to press a lever for a reinforcer. Once trained, subjects completed multiple fixed ratio, progressive ratio, and operant effort-choice (concurrent progressive ratio/chow feeding task [PROG/chow]) experiments. We predicted that DAD1-/- mutant rats would press the lever significantly less than controls across all experiments, have lower breakpoints, and consume more freely available food. As predicted, DAD1-/- mutant rats (regardless of sex) pressed the lever significantly less than controls and had lower breakpoints. Interestingly, there was a sex * genotype interaction for acquisition rates of lever pressing and change in breakpoints with free food available. Only 31% of DAD1-/- mutant males acquired lever pressing while 73% of DAD1-/- mutant females acquired lever pressing. Additionally, DAD1-/- mutant males had significantly larger decreases in breakpoints when free food was available. These findings extend the pharmacological research suggesting that the dopamine D1 receptor modulates decisions based on effort, which has implications for the development of treatment targeting amotivation in neuropsychiatric disorders. The sex * genotype interaction highlights the importance of including both sexes in future research, especially when there are sex differences in incidences and severity of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Witt
- Behavioural Neurogenetics Group, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - David N Harper
- Behavioural Neurogenetics Group, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bart A Ellenbroek
- Behavioural Neurogenetics Group, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
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8
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Kassim FM. Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits. Hum Psychopharmacol 2023; 38:e2856. [PMID: 36251504 PMCID: PMC10078276 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research aimed to systematically review the acute effects of amphetamine (AMP), a dopamine-releasing agent, on working memory (WM) and other cognitive performances. The investigation also aimed to review the impact of personality traits on the subjective and objective effects of AMP and possible links between personality traits and effects of AMP. METHODS Previous double-blind controlled studies assessing the main effects of AMP on WM and other cognitive performances in healthy volunteers were systematically reviewed. An electronic search was performed in the PUBMED and SCOPUS databases. Narrative reviews of the influence of personality traits on the subjective and objective effects of AMP were included. RESULTS Nineteen WM studies were included in the current review. Seven studies found effects of AMP on spatial WM, but only one study found the effect of AMP on verbal WM. Thirty-seven independent studies on other aspects of cognitive performance were identified. Twenty-two reported effects of AMP on cognitive functions. Studies also showed that personality traits are associated with the subjective effects of AMP. However, few studies reported the impacts of personality traits on the objective (such as WM) effects of AMP. CONCLUSION Overall, findings indicate that AMP has mixed-effects on spatial WM and other cognitive functions, but it lacks effects on verbal WM. Although there are insufficient studies on objective measures, studies also indicated that the subjective effects of AMP administration are linked to between-person variations in personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz M Kassim
- Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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9
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Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availabilities in Striatal and Extrastriatal Regions of the Adult Human Brain: Comparison of Four Methods of Analysis. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1517-1530. [PMID: 36525123 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Values of binding potentials (BPND) of dopamine D2/3 receptors differ in different regions of the brain, but we do not know with certainty how much of this difference is due either to different receptor numbers, or to different affinities of tracers to the receptors, or to both. We tested the claim that both striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D2/3 receptor availabilities vary with age in vivo in humans by determining the values of BPND of the specific radioligand [11C]raclopride. We determined values of BPND in striatal and extrastriatal volumes-of-interest (VOI) with the same specific receptor radioligand. We estimated values of BPND in individual voxels of brains of healthy volunteers in vivo, and we obtained regional averages of VOI by dynamic positron emission tomography (PET). We calculated average values of BPND in caudate nucleus and putamen of striatum, and in frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal cortices of the forebrain, by means of four methods, including the ERLiBiRD (Estimation of Reversible Ligand Binding and Receptor Density) method, the tissue reference methods of Logan and Logan-Ichise, respectively, and the SRTM (Simplified Reference Tissue Method). Voxelwise generation of parametric maps of values of BPND used the multi-linear regression version of SRTM. Age-dependent changes of the binding potential presented with an inverted U-shape with peak binding potentials reached between the ages of 20 and 30. The estimates of BPND declined significantly with age after the peak in both striatal and extrastriatal regions, as determined by all four methods, with the greatest decline observed in posterior (occipital and parietal) cortices (14% per decade) and the lowest decline in caudate nucleus (3% per decade). The sites of the greatest declines are of particular interest because of the clinical implications.
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10
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Takeuchi H, Kawashima R. A Prospective Study on the Relationship between Iron Supplement Intake, Hemoglobin Concentration, and Risk of Parkinsonism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214671. [PMID: 36364932 PMCID: PMC9655462 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The findings regarding whether the greater iron level or intake is a risk factor to Parkinson's disease (PD) or parkinsonism was not clear. The purpose of this study is to establish a consistent association between iron supplementation and parkinsonism risk, we conducted a large-scale prospective cohort study using comprehensive longitudinal data from the UK Biobank. The longitudinal cohort data of 385,898 participants (including 911 cases) who were middle to old aged British adults and joined the UK Biobank study from 2006 to 2010 and were followed up until 2018 was analyzed. The associations between iron supplement intake, hemoglobin levels and all cause subsequent parkinsonism risk after corrections of potential confounders (sex, age, household income, education length, employment status, deprivation level, body mass index, physical activity level, household numbers, smoking and drinking levels, health status, blood pressure) were investigated. Analyses revealed that (a) iron supplementation was significantly associated with higher parkinsonism risk, (b) greater hemoglobin was weakly and insignificantly associated with lower parkinsonism risk, and (c) multivitamin or vitamin C supplement intake was not significantly associated with parkinsonism risk. Regardless of whether the subjects were classified as anemic, normal, or polycythemic or in the hemoglobin level quintile, there was no nonlinear association between hemoglobin and parkinsonism risk. Parkinsonism risk did not differ between participants reporting supplementary iron intake with or without vitamin C or multivitamin supplement intake. Furthermore, polygenic risk score of PD negatively correlated with hemoglobin level, while it did not associate with intake of iron supplement or multivitamin or vitamin C supplement intake. The results suggest excessive iron intake may increase parkinsonism risk. Interventional studies are warranted to examine whether iron intake restriction is beneficial for individuals without clinical iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-22-717-8457
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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11
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Gjedde A, Wong DF. Four decades of mapping and quantifying neuroreceptors at work in vivo by positron emission tomography. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:943512. [PMID: 36161158 PMCID: PMC9493011 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.943512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Decryption of brain images is the basis for the necessary translation of the findings from imaging to information required to meet the demands of clinical intervention. Tools of brain imaging, therefore, must satisfy the conditions dictated by the needs for interpretation in terms of diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, the applications must serve as fundamental research tools that enable the understanding of new therapeutic drugs, including compounds as diverse as antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, and drugs serving the relief of symptoms from neurochemical disorders as unrelated as multiple sclerosis, stroke, and dementia. Here we review and explain the kinetics of methods that enable researchers to describe the brain’s work and functions. We focus on methods invented by neurokineticists and expanded upon by practitioners during decades of experimental work and on the methods that are particularly useful to predict possible future approaches to the treatment of neurochemical disorders. We provide an overall description of the basic elements of kinetics and the underlying quantification methods, as well as the mathematics of modeling the recorded brain dynamics embedded in the images we obtain in vivo. The complex presentation to follow is necessary to justify the contribution of modeling to the development of methods and to support the specifications dictated by the proposed use in clinical settings. The quantification and kinetic modeling processes are equally essential to image reconstruction and labeling of brain regions of structural or functional interest. The procedures presented here are essential tools of scientific approaches to all conventional and novel forms of brain imaging. The foundations of the kinetic and quantitative methods are keys to the satisfaction of clinicians that actively engage in treating the neurochemical disorders of mammalian brains in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, and neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Albert Gjedde,
| | - Dean F. Wong
- Department of Radiology, Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neuroscience, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, United States
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12
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Sensation-seeking-related DNA methylation and the development of delinquency: A longitudinal epigenome-wide study. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 35:791-799. [PMID: 35734807 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Heightened sensation-seeking is related to the development of delinquency. Moreover, sensation-seeking, or biological correlates of sensation-seeking, are suggested as factors linking victimization to delinquency. Here, we focused on epigenetic correlates of sensation-seeking. First, we identified DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns related to sensation-seeking. Second, we investigated the association between sensation-seeking related DNAm and the development of delinquency. Third, we examined whether victimization was related to sensation-seeking related DNAm and the development of delinquency. Participants (N = 905; 49% boys) came from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. DNAm was assessed at birth, age 7 and age 15-17. Sensation-seeking (self-reports) was assessed at age 11 and 14. Delinquency (self-reports) was assessed at age 17-19. Sensation-seeking epigenome-wide association study revealed that no probes reached the critical significance level. However, 20 differential methylated probes reached marginal significance. With these 20 suggestive sites, a sensation-seeking cumulative DNAm risk score was created. Results showed that this DNAm risk score at age 15-17 was related to delinquency at age 17-19. Moreover, an indirect effect of victimization to delinquency via DNAm was found. Sensation-seeking related DNAm is a potential biological correlate that can help to understand the development of delinquency, including how victimization might be associated with adolescent delinquency.
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13
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Del Giacco AC, Jones SA, Morales AM, Kliamovich D, Nagel BJ. Adolescent novelty seeking is associated with greater ventral striatal and prefrontal brain response during evaluation of risk and reward. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:123-133. [PMID: 34342865 PMCID: PMC8792307 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period during which reward sensitivity is heightened. Studies suggest that there are individual differences in adolescent reward-seeking behavior, attributable to a variety of factors, including temperament. This study investigated the neurobiological underpinnings of risk and reward evaluation as they relate to self-reported pleasure derived from novel experiences on the revised Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ-R). Healthy participants (N = 265, ~50% male), aged 12-17 years, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a modified Wheel of Fortune task, where they evaluated choices with varying probability of winning different monetary rewards. Across all participants, there was increased brain response in salience, reward, and cognitive control circuitry when evaluating choices with larger (compared with moderate) difference in risk/reward. Whole brain and a priori region-of-interest regression analyses revealed that individuals reporting higher novelty seeking had greater activation in bilateral ventral striatum, left middle frontal gyrus, and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex when evaluating the choices for largest difference in risk/reward. These novelty seeking associations with brain response were seen in the absence of temperament-related differences in decision-making behavior. Thus, while heightened novelty seeking in adolescents might be associated with greater neural sensitivity to risk/reward, accompanying increased activation in cognitive control regions might regulate reward-driven risk-taking behavior. More research is needed to determine whether individual differences in brain activation associated with novelty seeking are related to decision making in more ecologically valid settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Del Giacco
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Scott A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Angelica M Morales
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dakota Kliamovich
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road UHN-80R1, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road UHN-80R1, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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14
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Brougher J, Aziz U, Adari N, Chaturvedi M, Jules A, Shah I, Syed S, Thorn CA. Self-Administration of Right Vagus Nerve Stimulation Activates Midbrain Dopaminergic Nuclei. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:782786. [PMID: 34975384 PMCID: PMC8716493 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.782786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Left cervical vagus nerve stimulation (l-VNS) is an FDA-approved treatment for neurological disorders including epilepsy, major depressive disorder, and stroke, and l-VNS is increasingly under investigation for a range of other neurological indications. Traditional l-VNS is thought to induce therapeutic neuroplasticity in part through the coordinated activation of multiple broadly projecting neuromodulatory systems in the brain. Recently, it has been reported that striking lateralization exists in the anatomical and functional connectivity between the vagus nerves and the dopaminergic midbrain. These emerging findings suggest that VNS-driven activation of this important plasticity-promoting neuromodulatory system may be preferentially driven by targeting the right, rather than the left, cervical nerve. Objective: To compare the effects of right cervical VNS (r-VNS) vs. traditional l-VNS on self-administration behavior and midbrain dopaminergic activation in rats. Methods: Rats were implanted with a stimulating cuff electrode targeting either the right or left cervical vagus nerve. After surgical recovery, rats underwent a VNS self-administration assay in which lever pressing was paired with r-VNS or l-VNS delivery. Self-administration was followed by extinction, cue-only reinstatement, and stimulation reinstatement sessions. Rats were sacrificed 90 min after completion of behavioral training, and brains were removed for immunohistochemical analysis of c-Fos expression in the dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), as well as in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC). Results: Rats in the r-VNS cohort performed significantly more lever presses throughout self-administration and reinstatement sessions than did rats in the l-VNS cohort. Moreover, this appetitive behavioral responding was associated with significantly greater c-Fos expression among neuronal populations within the VTA, SNc, and LC. Differential c-Fos expression following r-VNS vs. l-VNS was particularly prominent within dopaminergic midbrain neurons. Conclusion: Our results support the existence of strong lateralization within vagal-mesencephalic signaling pathways, and suggest that VNS targeted to the right, rather than left, cervical nerve preferentially activates the midbrain dopaminergic system. These findings raise the possibility that r-VNS could provide a promising strategy for enhancing dopamine-dependent neuroplasticity, opening broad avenues for future research into the efficacy and safety of r-VNS in the treatment of neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Brougher
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Umaymah Aziz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Nikitha Adari
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Muskaan Chaturvedi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Aryela Jules
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Iqra Shah
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Saba Syed
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Catherine A Thorn
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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15
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Hirschbichler ST, Rothwell JC, Manohar SG. Dopamine increases risky choice while D2 blockade shortens decision time. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:3351-3360. [PMID: 36350356 PMCID: PMC9678996 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is crucially involved in decision-making and overstimulation within dopaminergic pathways can lead to impulsive behaviour, including a desire to take risks and reduced deliberation before acting. These behavioural changes are side effects of treatment with dopaminergic drugs in Parkinson disease, but their likelihood of occurrence is difficult to predict and may be influenced by the individual's baseline endogenous dopamine state, and indeed correlate with sensation-seeking personality traits. We here collected data on a standard gambling task in healthy volunteers given either placebo, 2.5 mg of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol or 100/25 mg of the dopamine precursor levodopa in a within-subject design. We found an increase in risky choices on levodopa. Choices were, however, made faster on haloperidol with no effect of levodopa on deliberation time. Shortened deliberation times on haloperidol occurred in low sensation-seekers only, suggesting a correlation between sensation-seeking personality trait and baseline dopamine levels. We hypothesise that levodopa increases risk-taking behaviour via overstimulation at both D1 and D2 receptor level, while a single low dose of haloperidol, as previously reported (Frank and O'Reilly 2006), may block D2 receptors pre- and post-synaptically and may paradoxically lead to higher striatal dopamine acting on remaining striatal D1 receptors, causing speedier decision without influencing risk tolerance. These effects could also fit with a recently proposed computational model of the basal ganglia (Moeller and Bogacz 2019; Moeller et al. 2021). Furthermore, our data suggest that the actual dopaminergic drug effect may be dependent on the individual's baseline dopamine state, which may influence our therapeutic decision as clinicians in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T. Hirschbichler
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK ,Department of Neurology, University Hospital St. Pölten, Dunant-Platz 1, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria ,Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - John C. Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Sanjay G. Manohar
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG UK ,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
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16
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Chang NHS, Kumakura Y, Møller A, Linnet J, Bender D, Doudet DJ, Vafaee MS, Gjedde A. On the learning of addictive behavior: Sensation-seeking propensity predicts dopamine turnover in dorsal striatum. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:355-365. [PMID: 34417966 PMCID: PMC8825434 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We asked if sensation-seeking is linked to premorbid personality characteristics in patients with addictive disorders, or the characteristics follow the sensation-seeking activity. We interpreted the former as a state associated with normal rates of dopamine synthesis, and the latter as a trait of individuals with abnormally high rates of synthesis. We previously determined dopaminergic receptor density in striatum, and we now tested the hypothesis that an elevated dopaminergic condition with increased extracellular dopamine and receptor density follows increased dopamine synthesis capacity in highly sensation-seeking individuals, as measured by positron emission tomography of 18 men with tracer fluorodopa (FDOPA). We detected a site in left caudate nucleus where the volume of distribution of FDOPA-derived metabolites correlated negatively with FDOPA metabolite turnover, consistent with decreased metabolite breakdown in highly sensation-seeking subjects. High rates of sensation-seeking attenuated the dopamine turnover in association with a low rate of dopamine recycling, low dopamine oxidation, and elevated extracellular dopamine and receptors in caudate nucleus. In contrast, low rates of sensation-seeking were associated with rapid dopamine recycling, rapid dopamine oxidation, low extracellular dopamine, and low receptor density. We conclude that the modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission associated with sensation-seeking is a state of sensation-seeking, rather than a trait of personality following abnormal regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hong Siu Chang
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, DK-5000 Denmark
| | - Yoshitaka Kumakura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8550 Japan
| | - Arne Møller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jakob Linnet
- Gambling Disorder & BED Clinic, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Dk-5000 Denmark
| | - Dirk Bender
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Doris J. Doudet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 2B5 Canada
| | - Manouchehr Seyedi Vafaee
- Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, DK-5230 Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200 Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, DK-5000 Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000 Denmark
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17
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Hoy CW, Steiner SC, Knight RT. Single-trial modeling separates multiple overlapping prediction errors during reward processing in human EEG. Commun Biol 2021; 4:910. [PMID: 34302057 PMCID: PMC8302587 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning signals during reinforcement learning and cognitive control rely on valenced reward prediction errors (RPEs) and non-valenced salience prediction errors (PEs) driven by surprise magnitude. A core debate in reward learning focuses on whether valenced and non-valenced PEs can be isolated in the human electroencephalogram (EEG). We combine behavioral modeling and single-trial EEG regression to disentangle sequential PEs in an interval timing task dissociating outcome valence, magnitude, and probability. Multiple regression across temporal, spatial, and frequency dimensions characterized a spatio-tempo-spectral cascade from early valenced RPE value to non-valenced RPE magnitude, followed by outcome probability indexed by a late frontal positivity. Separating negative and positive outcomes revealed the valenced RPE value effect is an artifact of overlap between two non-valenced RPE magnitude responses: frontal theta feedback-related negativity on losses and posterior delta reward positivity on wins. These results reconcile longstanding debates on the sequence of components representing reward and salience PEs in the human EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin W Hoy
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Sheila C Steiner
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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18
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Amaral IM, Hofer A, El Rawas R. Is It Possible to Shift from Down to Top Rank? A Focus on the Mesolimbic Dopaminergic System and Cocaine Abuse. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080877. [PMID: 34440081 PMCID: PMC8389638 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired social behavior is a common feature of many psychiatric disorders, in particular with substance abuse disorders. Switching the preference of the substance-dependent individual toward social interaction activities remains one of the major challenges in drug dependence therapy. However, social interactions yield to the emergence of social ranking. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies that examined how social status can influence the dopaminergic mesolimbic system and how drug-seeking behavior is affected. Generally, social dominance is associated with an increase in dopamine D2/3 receptor binding in the striatum and a reduced behavioral response to drugs of abuse. However, it is not clear whether higher D2 receptor availability is a result of increased D2 receptor density and/or reduced dopamine release in the striatum. Here, we discuss the possibility of a potential shift from down to top rank via manipulation of the mesolimbic system. Identifying the neurobiology underlying a potential rank switch to a resilient phenotype is of particular interest in order to promote a positive coping behavior toward long-term abstinence from drugs of abuse and a protection against relapse to drugs. Such a shift may contribute to a more successful therapeutic approach to cocaine addiction.
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19
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Papenberg G, Karalija N, Salami A, Rieckmann A, Andersson M, Axelsson J, Riklund K, Lindenberger U, Lövdén M, Nyberg L, Bäckman L. Balance between Transmitter Availability and Dopamine D2 Receptors in Prefrontal Cortex Influences Memory Functioning. Cereb Cortex 2021; 30:989-1000. [PMID: 31504282 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient or excessive dopaminergic tone impairs cognitive performance. We examine whether the balance between transmitter availability and dopamine (DA) D2 receptors (D2DRs) is important for successful memory performance in a large sample of adults (n = 175, 64-68 years). The Catechol-O-Methyltransferase polymorphism served as genetic proxy for endogenous prefrontal DA availability, and D2DRs in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) were measured with [11C]raclopride-PET. Individuals for whom D2DR status matched DA availability showed higher levels of episodic and working-memory performance than individuals with insufficient or excessive DA availability relative to the number of receptors. A similar pattern restricted to episodic memory was observed for D2DRs in caudate. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired during working-memory performance confirmed the importance of a balanced DA system for load-dependent brain activity in dlPFC. Our data suggest that the inverted-U-shaped function relating DA signaling to cognition is modulated by a dynamic association between DA availability and receptor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Karalija
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Rieckmann
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, D-14195 Berlin, Germany and UK-WC1B 5EH London, UK
| | - Martin Lövdén
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Fung BJ, Sutlief E, Hussain Shuler MG. Dopamine and the interdependency of time perception and reward. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:380-391. [PMID: 33652021 PMCID: PMC9062982 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Time is a fundamental dimension of our perception of the world and is therefore of critical importance to the organization of human behavior. A corpus of work - including recent optogenetic evidence - implicates striatal dopamine as a crucial factor influencing the perception of time. Another stream of literature implicates dopamine in reward and motivation processes. However, these two domains of research have remained largely separated, despite neurobiological overlap and the apothegmatic notion that "time flies when you're having fun". This article constitutes a review of the literature linking time perception and reward, including neurobiological and behavioral studies. Together, these provide compelling support for the idea that time perception and reward processing interact via a common dopaminergic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen J Fung
- The Behavioural Insights Team, Suite 3, Level 13/9 Hunter St, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia.
| | - Elissa Sutlief
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Woods Basic Science Building Rm914, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marshall G Hussain Shuler
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Woods Basic Science Building Rm914, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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21
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Bonetti L, Bruzzone SEP, Sedghi NA, Haumann NT, Paunio T, Kantojärvi K, Kliuchko M, Vuust P, Brattico E. Brain predictive coding processes are associated to COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism. Neuroimage 2021; 233:117954. [PMID: 33716157 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting events in the ever-changing environment is a fundamental survival function intrinsic to the physiology of sensory systems, whose efficiency varies among the population. Even though it is established that a major source of such variations is genetic heritage, there are no studies tracking down auditory predicting processes to genetic mutations. Thus, we examined the neurophysiological responses to deviant stimuli recorded with magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 108 healthy participants carrying different variants of Val158Met single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, responsible for the majority of catecholamines degradation in the prefrontal cortex. Our results showed significant amplitude enhancement of prediction error responses originating from the inferior frontal gyrus, superior and middle temporal cortices in heterozygous genotype carriers (Val/Met) vs homozygous (Val/Val and Met/Met) carriers. Integrating neurophysiology and genetics, this study shows how the neural mechanisms underlying optimal deviant detection vary according to the gene-determined cathecolamine levels in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bonetti
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
| | - S E P Bruzzone
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
| | - N A Sedghi
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
| | - N T Haumann
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
| | - T Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Kantojärvi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Kliuchko
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
| | - P Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
| | - E Brattico
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Education, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
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22
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Cumming P, Gründer G, Brinson Z, Wong DF. Applications, Advances, and Limitations of Molecular Imaging of Brain Receptors. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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23
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Shao X, Sun D, Zhang B, Cheng L, Yan C, Zhu G. Association between GPx-1 polymorphisms and personality traits in healthy Chinese-Han subjects. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01897. [PMID: 33070477 PMCID: PMC7749609 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cloninger developed the three-dimensional personality theory and Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), which shows that some dimensions of personality traits are heritable and related to neurotransmitters including dopamine. glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) plays an important role in metabolic dopamine change and closely relates to neurological and psychiatric disorders. The impact of GPx-1 polymorphisms has been rarely explored in the field of personality traits. We decide to explore the relationships between them in healthy Chinese-Han subjects by using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). METHODS In our study, 493 healthy Chinese-Han participants (male = 234, female = 259) were recruited. 2 ml of EDTA-treated blood from each volunteer was taken; meanwhile, personality traits were assessed by TPQ. We detected the genotypes of selected two polymorphisms through PCR-RFLP after extracting DNA. Finally, the association between different genotypes and TPQ scores was performed using SPSS, p < .05 is seen as significant statistical significance. RESULTS Our data found a correlation between rs1800668 and novelty seeking (NS) subscale NS2 (X2 = 7.392, p = .025). While the results showed the rs1050450 was significantly associated with NS4 (X2 = 6.059, p = .048). Regarding sex stratification, there was a significant difference in the NS2 score (X2 = 8.232, p = .016) among women for rs1800668. No sex effect was observed for either genotype for rs1050450. CONCLUSION GPx-1polymorphism is related to personality traits in healthy Chinese-Han subjects. Our results suggested that GPx-1 may be involved in the biological mechanisms and be a potential gene that influenced personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongxue Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bihui Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingfei Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ci Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Bellés L, Dimiziani A, Tsartsalis S, Millet P, Herrmann FR, Ginovart N. Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availabilities and Evoked Dopamine Release in Striatum Differentially Predict Impulsivity and Novelty Preference in Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 24:239-251. [PMID: 33151278 PMCID: PMC7968620 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity and novelty preference are both associated with an increased propensity to develop addiction-like behaviors, but their relationship and respective underlying dopamine (DA) underpinnings are not fully elucidated. METHODS We evaluated a large cohort (n = 49) of Roman high- and low-avoidance rats using single photon emission computed tomography to concurrently measure in vivo striatal D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability and amphetamine (AMPH)-induced DA release in relation to impulsivity and novelty preference using a within-subject design. To further examine the DA-dependent processes related to these traits, midbrain D2/3-autoreceptor levels were measured using ex vivo autoradiography in the same animals. RESULTS We replicated a robust inverse relationship between impulsivity, as measured with the 5-choice serial reaction time task, and D2/3R availability in ventral striatum and extended this relationship to D2/3R levels measured in dorsal striatum. Novelty preference was positively related to impulsivity and showed inverse associations with D2/3R availability in dorsal striatum and ventral striatum. A high magnitude of AMPH-induced DA release in striatum predicted both impulsivity and novelty preference, perhaps owing to the diminished midbrain D2/3-autoreceptor availability measured in high-impulsive/novelty-preferring Roman high-avoidance animals that may amplify AMPH effect on DA transmission. Mediation analyses revealed that while D2/3R availability and AMPH-induced DA release in striatum are both significant predictors of impulsivity, the effect of striatal D2/3R availability on novelty preference is fully mediated by evoked striatal DA release. CONCLUSIONS Impulsivity and novelty preference are related but mediated by overlapping, yet dissociable, DA-dependent mechanisms in striatum that may interact to promote the emergence of an addiction-prone phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Bellés
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Stergios Tsartsalis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland,Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Millet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland,Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Herrmann
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Ginovart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland,Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland,Correspondence: Nathalie Ginovart, PhD, Departments of Psychiatry and Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Room E07-2550A, University of Geneva, Rue Michel Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland ()
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25
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Drew DS, Muhammed K, Baig F, Kelly M, Saleh Y, Sarangmat N, Okai D, Hu M, Manohar S, Husain M. Dopamine and reward hypersensitivity in Parkinson's disease with impulse control disorder. Brain 2020; 143:2502-2518. [PMID: 32761061 PMCID: PMC7447523 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease are common neuropsychiatric complications associated with dopamine replacement therapy. Some patients treated with dopamine agonists develop pathological behaviours, such as gambling, compulsive eating, shopping, or disinhibited sexual behaviours, which can have a severe impact on their lives and that of their families. In this study we investigated whether hypersensitivity to reward might contribute to these pathological behaviours and how this is influenced by dopaminergic medication. We asked participants to shift their gaze to a visual target as quickly as possible, in order to obtain reward. Critically, the reward incentive on offer varied over trials. Motivational effects were indexed by pupillometry and saccadic velocity, and patients were tested ON and OFF dopaminergic medication, allowing us to measure the effect of dopaminergic medication changes on reward sensitivity. Twenty-three Parkinson's disease patients with a history of impulse control disorders were compared to 26 patients without such behaviours, and 31 elderly healthy controls. Intriguingly, behavioural apathy was reported alongside impulsivity in the majority of patients with impulse control disorders. Individuals with impulse control disorders also exhibited heightened sensitivity to exogenous monetary rewards cues both ON and OFF (overnight withdrawal) dopamine medication, as indexed by pupillary dilation in anticipation of reward. Being OFF dopaminergic medication overnight did not modulate pupillary reward sensitivity in impulse control disorder patients, whereas in control patients reward sensitivity was significantly reduced when OFF dopamine. These effects were independent of cognitive impairment or total levodopa equivalent dose. Although dopamine agonist dose did modulate pupillary responses to reward, the pattern of results was replicated even when patients with impulse control disorders on dopamine agonists were excluded from the analysis. The findings suggest that hypersensitivity to rewards might be a contributing factor to the development of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. However, there was no difference in reward sensitivity between patient groups when ON dopamine medication, suggesting that impulse control disorders may not emerge simply because of a direct effect of dopaminergic drug level on reward sensitivity. The pupillary reward sensitivity measure described here provides a means to differentiate, using a physiological measure, Parkinson's disease patients with impulse control disorder from those who do not experience such symptoms. Moreover, follow-up of control patients indicated that increased pupillary modulation by reward can be predictive of the risk of future emergence of impulse control disorders and may thereby provide the potential for early identification of patients who are more likely to develop these symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Drew
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Kinan Muhammed
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Fahd Baig
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George’s University London, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Mark Kelly
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Youssuf Saleh
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nagaraja Sarangmat
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David Okai
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Maudsley Outpatients, Denmark Hill, Maudsley Hospital, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Michele Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Sanjay Manohar
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Masud Husain
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Dopamine manipulations modulate paranoid social inferences in healthy people. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:214. [PMID: 32624569 PMCID: PMC7335741 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered dopamine transmission is thought to influence the formation of persecutory delusions. However, despite extensive evidence from clinical studies there is little experimental evidence on how modulating the dopamine system changes social attributions related to paranoia, and the salience of beliefs more generally. Twenty seven healthy male participants received 150mg L-DOPA, 3 mg haloperidol, or placebo in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study, over three within-subject sessions. Participants completed a multi-round Dictator Game modified to measure social attributions, and a measure of belief salience spanning themes of politics, religion, science, morality, and the paranormal. We preregistered predictions that altering dopamine function would affect (i) attributions of harmful intent and (ii) salience of paranormal beliefs. As predicted, haloperidol reduced attributions of harmful intent across all conditions compared to placebo. L-DOPA reduced attributions of harmful intent in fair conditions compared to placebo. Unexpectedly, haloperidol increased attributions of self-interest about opponents' decisions. There was no change in belief salience within any theme. These results could not be explained by scepticism or subjective mood. Our findings demonstrate the selective involvement of dopamine in social inferences related to paranoia in healthy individuals.
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Portella AK, Papantoni A, Paquet C, Moore S, Rosch KS, Mostofsky S, Lee RS, Smith KR, Levitan R, Silveira PP, Carnell S, Dube L. Predicted DRD4 prefrontal gene expression moderates snack intake and stress perception in response to the environment in adolescents. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234601. [PMID: 32589693 PMCID: PMC7319347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Body weight is substantially determined by eating behaviors, which are themselves driven by biological factors interacting with the environment. Previous studies in young children suggest that genetic influences on dopamine function may confer differential susceptibility to the environment in such a way that increases behavioral obesity risk in a lower socioeconomic status (SES) environment but decreases it in a higher SES environment. We aimed to test if this pattern of effect could also be observed in adolescence, another critical period for development in brain and behavior, using a novel measure of predicted expression of the dopamine receptor 4 (DRD4) gene in prefrontal cortex. In a sample of 76 adolescents (37 boys and 39 girls from Baltimore, Maryland/US, aged 14-18y), we estimated individual levels of DRD4 gene expression (PredDRD4) in prefrontal cortex from individual genomic data using PrediXcan, and tested interactions with a composite SES score derived from their annual household income, maternal education, food insecurity, perceived resource availability, and receipt of public assistance. Primary outcomes were snack intake during a multi-item ad libitum meal test, and food-related impulsivity assessed using a food-adapted go/no-go task. A linear regression model adjusted for sex, BMI z-score, and genetic ethnicity demonstrated a PredDRD4 by composite SES score interaction for snack intake (p = 0.009), such that adolescents who had lower PredDRD4 levels exhibited greater snack intake in the lower SES group, but lesser snack intake in the higher SES group. Exploratory analysis revealed a similar pattern for scores on the Perceived Stress Scale (p = 0.001) such that the low PredDRD4 group reported higher stress in the lower SES group, but less stress in the higher SES group, suggesting that PredDRD4 may act in part by affecting perceptions of the environment. These results are consistent with a differential susceptibility model in which genes influencing environmental responsiveness interact with environments varying in obesogenicity to confer behavioral obesity risk in a less favorable environment, but behavioral obesity protection in a favorable one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Krumel Portella
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de Ciencias da Saude de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Afroditi Papantoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Catherine Paquet
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Spencer Moore
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Keri Shiels Rosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Stewart Mostofsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research and Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kimberly R. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert Levitan
- Centre for Addition and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan Carnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Laurette Dube
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill Center for the Convergence of Health and Economics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Wijdeveld M, Nieuwdorp M, IJzerman R. The interaction between microbiome and host central nervous system: the gut-brain axis as a potential new therapeutic target in the treatment of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:639-653. [PMID: 32441559 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1761958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of the intestinal microbiota in host cardiometabolic health and disease has gained significant attention over recent decades. Previous studies have shown effects on metabolic health through gut microbiota modulation; this suggests diverse interaction pathways that constitute the communication between gut microbiota and host central nervous system, the so-called gut-brain axis. AREAS COVERED This article provides an overview of the various mechanisms that may mediate the gut-brain axis. It places an emphasis on cardiometabolic health, including effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), alterations in neurotransmitters and gut peptides and microbial effects on chronic inflammation and immune function. Moreover, this paper sheds light on whether these mechanisms afford therapeutic targets to promote metabolic health. To this end, a PubMed search with the terms 'gut microbiota,' 'obesity' and 'insulin sensitivity' was performed. EXPERT OPINION Many properties of the human gut microbiome are associated with the central regulation of appetite and metabolic status. Some of these relationships are causal and there are positive effects from certain intervention methods. Microbial manipulation may offer a means to prevent or treat obesity and associated co-morbidities. However, to establish direct causal relations between altered gut microbiota and metabolic disease, clinical intervention studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelief Wijdeveld
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard IJzerman
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mahu I, Conrod P, Barrett S, Sako A, Swansburg J, Lawrence M, Laroque F, Morin J, Chinneck A, Nogueira-Arjona R, Stewart S. Specificity of personality relationships to particular forms of concurrent substance use among methadone maintenance therapy clients. Addict Behav 2019; 98:106056. [PMID: 31351326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A mainstay treatment for opioid addiction in North America is methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) - a form of opiate agonist therapy (OAT). While efficacious for treating opioid addiction, MMT fails to address the concurrent polysubstance use that is common among opioid dependent clients. Moreover, psychosocial approaches for addressing polysubstance use during MMT are lacking. Our study's goals were to validate the use of the four-factor personality model of substance use vulnerability in MMT clients, and to demonstrate theoretically-relevant relationships of personality to concurrent substance use while receiving MMT. METHOD Respondents included 138 daily-witnessed MMT clients (65.9% male, 79.7% Caucasian), mean age (SD) 40.18 (11.56), recruited across four Canadian MMT clinics. Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis was used to establish the structural validity of the four-factor personality model of substance use vulnerability (operationalized with the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale [SURPS]) in MMT clients. SURPS personality scores were then used as predictors for specific forms of recent (past 30-day) substance use. RESULTS Using a latent hierarchal model, hopelessness was associated with recent opioid use; anxiety sensitivity with recent tranquilizer use; and sensation seeking with recent alcohol, cannabis, and stimulant use. CONCLUSION Personality is associated with substance use patterns and may be an appropriate target for intervention for those undergoing MMT to reduce opioid use, and potentially dangerous concurrent use of other drugs, while receiving methadone.
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Sex Differences in Adolescent Neurobiological Risk for Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Attentional blink and putative noninvasive dopamine markers: Two experiments to consolidate possible associations. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 19:1444-1457. [PMID: 31396846 PMCID: PMC6861702 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive behavioral control involves a balance between top-down persistence and flexible updating of goals under changing demands. According to the metacontrol state model (MSM), this balance emerges from the interaction between the frontal and the striatal dopaminergic system. The attentional blink (AB) task has been argued to tap into the interaction between persistence and flexibility, as it reflects overpersistence—the too-exclusive allocation of attentional resources to the processing of the first of two consecutive targets. Notably, previous studies are inconclusive about the association between the AB and noninvasive proxies of dopamine including the spontaneous eye blink rate (sEBR), which allegedly assesses striatal dopamine levels. We aimed to substantiate and extend previous attempts to predict individual sizes of the AB in two separate experiments with larger sample sizes (N = 71 & N = 65) by means of noninvasive behavioral and physiological proxies of dopamine (DA), such as sEBR and mood measures, which are likely to reflect striatal dopamine levels, and color discrimination, which has been argued to tap into the frontal dopamine levels. Our findings did not confirm the prediction that AB size covaries with sEBR, mood, or color discrimination. The implications of this inconsistency with previous observations are discussed.
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Kim JH, Choe YS, Cumming P, Son YD, Kim HK, Joo YH, Kim JH. Relationship of self-transcendence traits with in vivo dopamine D2/3 receptor availability and functional connectivity: An [ 18 F]fallypride PET and fMRI study. Synapse 2019; 73:e22121. [PMID: 31206840 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic research has implicated dopamine neurotransmission in the expression of the self-transcendence trait in humans. However, molecular imaging of dopaminergic markers is undocumented in relation to this personality trait. In this multimodal imaging study, we first investigated the relationship between the self-transcendence trait and in vivo dopamine D2/3 receptor availability using [18 F]fallypride positron emission tomography (PET). We next conducted seed-based functional connectivity analyses using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data with regions derived from the PET analysis as seeds to explore the functional significance of D2/3 receptor availability foci associated with the self-transcendence trait. Twenty-one healthy subjects underwent high-resolution PET with [18 F]fallypride and a subset of 18 subjects also completed 3-Tesla rs-fMRI. The Temperament and Character Inventory was used to measure the self-transcendence trait. A voxel-based whole brain analysis revealed that the [18 F]fallypride binding potential (BPND ) within the cluster of the left insula was significantly positively correlated with self-transcendence trait scores. A region-of-interest analysis also showed a significant positive correlation between self-transcendence and [18 F]fallypride BPND in the left insula. The exploratory [18 F]fallypride BPND seed-based rs-fMRI analysis showed that the functional connectivity from the left insula seed to the prefrontal cortices (including the inferior frontal region) was negatively associated with self-transcendence trait scores. The results of the present study suggest that D2/3 receptor-mediated neurotransmission in the left insula may constitute a significant neurobiological factor in the self-transcendence trait. The negative associations between BPND seed-based functional connectivity and self-transcendence trait scores may suggest reduced prefrontal control in this personality trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hee Kim
- Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea.,Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yi-Seul Choe
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland.,School of Psychology and Counselling and IHBI, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Young-Don Son
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hang-Keun Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yo-Han Joo
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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33
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Giorgi O, Corda MG, Fernández-Teruel A. A Genetic Model of Impulsivity, Vulnerability to Drug Abuse and Schizophrenia-Relevant Symptoms With Translational Potential: The Roman High- vs. Low-Avoidance Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:145. [PMID: 31333426 PMCID: PMC6624787 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional selective breeding of Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats for respectively rapid vs. poor acquisition of active avoidant behavior has generated two lines/strains that differ markedly in terms of emotional reactivity, with RHA rats being less fearful than their RLA counterparts. Many other behavioral traits have been segregated along the selection procedure; thus, compared with their RLA counterparts, RHA rats behave as proactive copers in the face of aversive conditions, display a robust sensation/novelty seeking (SNS) profile, and show high impulsivity and an innate preference for natural and drug rewards. Impulsivity is a multifaceted behavioral trait and is generally defined as a tendency to express actions that are poorly conceived, premature, highly risky or inappropriate to the situation, that frequently lead to unpleasant consequences. High levels of impulsivity are associated with several neuropsychiatric conditions including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. Herein, we review the behavioral and neurochemical differences between RHA and RLA rats and survey evidence that RHA rats represent a valid genetic model, with face, construct, and predictive validity, to investigate the neural underpinnings of behavioral disinhibition, novelty seeking, impulsivity, vulnerability to drug addiction as well as deficits in attentional processes, cognitive impairments and other schizophrenia-relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria G Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Dopaminergic Mechanisms Underlying Normal Variation in Trait Anxiety. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2735-2744. [PMID: 30737306 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2382-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trait anxiety has been associated with altered activity within corticolimbic pathways connecting the amygdala and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), which receive rich dopaminergic input. Though the popular culture uses the term "chemical imbalance" to describe the pathophysiology of psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorders, we know little about how individual differences in human dopamine neurochemistry are related to variation in anxiety and activity within corticolimbic circuits. We addressed this issue by examining interindividual variability in dopamine release at rest using [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography (PET), functional connectivity between amygdala and rACC using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and trait anxiety measures in healthy adult male and female humans. To measure endogenous dopamine release, we collected two [11C]raclopride PET scans per participant. We contrasted baseline [11C]raclopride D2/3 receptor binding and D2/3 receptor binding following oral methylphenidate administration. Methylphenidate blocks the dopamine transporter, which increases extracellular dopamine and leads to reduced [11C]raclopride D2/3 receptor binding via competitive displacement. We found that individuals with higher dopamine release in the amygdala and rACC self-reported lower trait anxiety. Lower trait anxiety was also associated with reduced rACC-amygdala functional connectivity at baseline. Further, functional connectivity showed a modest negative relationship with dopamine release such that reduced rACC-amygdala functional connectivity was accompanied by higher levels of dopamine release in these regions. Together, these findings contribute to hypodopaminergic models of anxiety and support the utility of combining fMRI and PET measures of neurochemical function to advance our understanding of basic affective processes in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is common wisdom that individuals vary in their baseline levels of anxiety. We all have a friend or colleague we know to be more "tightly wound" than others, or, perhaps, we are the ones marveling at others' ability to "just go with the flow." Although such observations about individual differences within nonclinical populations are commonplace, the neural mechanisms underlying normal variation in trait anxiety have not been established. Using multimodal brain imaging in humans, this study takes initial steps in linking intrinsic measures of neuromodulator release and functional connectivity within regions implicated in anxiety disorders. Our findings suggest that in healthy adults, higher levels of trait anxiety may arise, at least in part, from reduced dopamine neurotransmission.
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Castrellon JJ, Seaman KL, Crawford JL, Young JS, Smith CT, Dang LC, Hsu M, Cowan RL, Zald DH, Samanez-Larkin GR. Individual Differences in Dopamine Are Associated with Reward Discounting in Clinical Groups But Not in Healthy Adults. J Neurosci 2019; 39:321-332. [PMID: 30446530 PMCID: PMC6325254 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1984-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Some people are more willing to make immediate, risky, or costly reward-focused choices than others, which has been hypothesized to be associated with individual differences in dopamine (DA) function. In two studies using PET imaging, one empirical (Study 1: N = 144 males and females across 3 samples) and one meta-analytic (Study 2: N = 307 across 12 samples), we sought to characterize associations between individual differences in DA and time, probability, and physical effort discounting in human adults. Study 1 demonstrated that individual differences in DA D2-like receptors were not associated with time or probability discounting of monetary rewards in healthy humans, and associations with physical effort discounting were inconsistent across adults of different ages. Meta-analytic results for temporal discounting corroborated our empirical finding for minimal effect of DA measures on discounting in healthy individuals but suggested that associations between individual differences in DA and reward discounting depend on clinical features. Addictions were characterized by negative correlations between DA and discounting, but other clinical conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, obesity, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, were characterized by positive correlations between DA and discounting. Together, the results suggest that trait differences in discounting in healthy adults do not appear to be strongly associated with individual differences in D2-like receptors. The difference in meta-analytic correlation effects between healthy controls and individuals with psychopathology suggests that individual difference findings related to DA and reward discounting in clinical samples may not be reliably generalized to healthy controls, and vice versa.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Decisions to forgo large rewards for smaller ones due to increasing time delays, uncertainty, or physical effort have been linked to differences in dopamine (DA) function, which is disrupted in some forms of psychopathology. It remains unclear whether alterations in DA function associated with psychopathology also extend to explaining associations between DA function and decision making in healthy individuals. We show that individual differences in DA D2 receptor availability are not consistently related to monetary discounting of time, probability, or physical effort in healthy individuals across a broad age range. By contrast, we suggest that psychopathology accounts for observed inconsistencies in the relationship between measures of DA function and reward discounting behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime J Castrellon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience,
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience
| | - Kendra L Seaman
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | | | - Jacob S Young
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | | | - Linh C Dang
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | - Ming Hsu
- Haas School of Business, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Ronald L Cowan
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and Nashville, Tennessee 37212
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - David H Zald
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, and Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Gregory R Samanez-Larkin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
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36
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Krueger J, Disney AA. Structure and function of dual-source cholinergic modulation in early vision. J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:738-750. [PMID: 30520037 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral states such as arousal and attention have profound effects on sensory processing, determining how-even whether-a stimulus is perceived. This state-dependence is believed to arise, at least in part, in response to inputs from subcortical structures that release neuromodulators such as acetylcholine, often nonsynaptically. The mechanisms that underlie the interaction between these nonsynaptic signals and the more point-to-point synaptic cortical circuitry are not well understood. This review highlights the state of the field, with a focus on cholinergic action in early visual processing. Key anatomical and physiological features of both the cholinergic and the visual systems are discussed. Furthermore, presenting evidence of cholinergic modulation in visual thalamus and primary visual cortex, we explore potential functional roles of acetylcholine and its effects on the processing of visual input over the sleep-wake cycle, sensory gain control during wakefulness, and consider evidence for cholinergic support of visual attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Krueger
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anita A Disney
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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37
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Nolan RA, Muir R, Runner K, Haddad EK, Gaskill PJ. Role of Macrophage Dopamine Receptors in Mediating Cytokine Production: Implications for Neuroinflammation in the Context of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 14:134-156. [PMID: 30519866 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART), around 50% of HIV-infected individuals still display a variety of neuropathological and neurocognitive sequelae known as NeuroHIV. Current research suggests these effects are mediated by long-term changes in CNS function in response to chronic infection and inflammation, and not solely due to active viral replication. In the post-cART era, drug abuse is a major risk-factor for the development of NeuroHIV, and increases extracellular dopamine in the CNS. Our lab has previously shown that dopamine can increase HIV infection of primary human macrophages and increase the production of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that elevated dopamine could enhance the development of HIV-associated neuropathology. However, the precise mechanism(s) by which elevated dopamine could exacerbate NeuroHIV, particularly in chronically-infected, virally suppressed individuals remain unclear. To determine the connection between dopaminergic alterations and HIV-associated neuroinflammation, we have examined the impact of dopamine exposure on macrophages from healthy and virally suppressed, chronically infected HIV patients. Our data show that dopamine treatment of human macrophages isolated from healthy and cART-treated donors promotes production of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, CCL2, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10. Furthermore, in healthy individuals, dopamine-mediated modulation of specific cytokines is correlated with macrophage expression of dopamine-receptor transcripts, particularly DRD5, the most highly-expressed dopamine-receptor subtype. Overall, these data will provide more understanding of the role of dopamine in the development of NeuroHIV, and may suggest new molecules or pathways that can be useful as therapeutic targets during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Nolan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - R Muir
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - K Runner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - E K Haddad
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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38
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Petersen N, London ED. Addiction and Dopamine: Sex Differences and Insights from Studies of Smoking. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018; 23:150-159. [PMID: 30746429 PMCID: PMC6368096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesolimbic dopaminergic function influences addiction through effects on reinforcement learning, decision-making, and impulsivity. This review covers sex differences in dopaminergic neurochemistry, their hormonal and genetic determinants, and how differences in dopaminergic tone interact with sex and/or ovarian hormone status to affect cognitive functions. Findings from research on cigarette smoking reveal sex differences in striatal and midbrain dopamine D2-type receptor availability and striatal dopamine release that suggest mechanisms of nicotine dependence, and stronger subjective responses to nicotine and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies in male smokers than in their female counterparts. Opportunities exist to extend such efforts in studies of how sex and hormone status influence other addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Petersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90024
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90024,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90024,Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90024,Corresponding author: Dr. Edythe D. London, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, University of California Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA, Tel: 310 825 0606, Fax: 310 825-0812,
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39
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Mosher LJ, Godar SC, Morissette M, McFarlin KM, Scheggi S, Gambarana C, Fowler SC, Di Paolo T, Bortolato M. Steroid 5α-reductase 2 deficiency leads to reduced dominance-related and impulse-control behaviors. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 91:95-104. [PMID: 29544191 PMCID: PMC5901899 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme steroid 5α-reductase 2 (5αR2) catalyzes the conversion of testosterone into the potent androgen 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Previous investigations showed that 5αR2 is expressed in key brain areas for emotional and socio-affective reactivity, yet the role of this enzyme in behavioral regulation remains mostly unknown. Here, we profiled the behavioral characteristics of 5αR2 heterozygous (HZ) and knockout (KO) mice, as compared with their wild-type (WT) littermates. While male 5αR2 KO mice displayed no overt alterations in motoric, sensory, information-processing and anxiety-related behaviors, they exhibited deficits in neurobehavioral correlates of dominance (including aggression against intruders, mating, and tube dominance) as well as novelty-seeking and risk-taking responses. Furthermore, male 5αR2 KO mice exhibited reduced D2-like dopamine receptor binding in the shell of the nucleus accumbens - a well-recognized molecular signature of social dominance. Collectively, these results suggest that 5αR2 is involved in the establishment of social dominance and its behavioral manifestations. Further studies are warranted to understand how the metabolic actions of 5αR2 on steroid profile may be implicated in social ranking, impulse control, and the modulation of dopamine receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Mosher
- Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Sean C Godar
- Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Marc Morissette
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kenneth M McFarlin
- Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
| | - Simona Scheggi
- Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Gambarana
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stephen C Fowler
- Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Thérèse Di Paolo
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHUL, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Dept of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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40
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Farde L, Plavén-Sigray P, Borg J, Cervenka S. Brain neuroreceptor density and personality traits: towards dimensional biomarkers for psychiatric disorders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170156. [PMID: 29483342 PMCID: PMC5832682 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography has, for 30 years, been used in numerous case-control studies searching for hypothesized differences in the density of neuroreceptor or transporter proteins in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. In most cases, the results have not been conclusive. One reason could be the sizeable interindividual variability in biochemical markers, which in twin studies have shown to emanate from both environmental and genetic factors, leading to low statistical power for the detection of group effects. On the other hand, the same interindividual variability has served as an opportunity for correlative studies on the biological underpinning of behaviour. Using this approach, a series of studies has linked markers for the dopamine and serotonin system to personality traits associated with psychiatric conditions. Based on increasing evidence for the view that many psychopathological states represent extremes of a continuum rather than distinct categories, this research strategy may lead to new biological insights about the vulnerability to and pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Precision Medicine and Genomics, AstraZeneca, PET Science Centre, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline Borg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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41
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Nemmi F, Nymberg C, Darki F, Banaschewski T, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Flor H, Frouin V, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Martinot JL, Nees F, Paus T, Smolka MN, Robbins TW, Schumann G, Klingberg T. Interaction between striatal volume and DAT1 polymorphism predicts working memory development during adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:191-199. [PMID: 29567584 PMCID: PMC6969124 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable inter-individual variability in the rate at which working memory (WM) develops during childhood and adolescence, but the neural and genetic basis for these differences are poorly understood. Dopamine-related genes, striatal activation and morphology have been associated with increased WM capacity after training. Here we tested the hypothesis that these factors would also explain some of the inter-individual differences in the rate of WM development. We measured WM performance in 487 healthy subjects twice: at age 14 and 19. At age 14 subjects underwent a structural MRI scan, and genotyping of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or close to the dopamine genes DRD2, DAT-1 and COMT, which have previously been associated with gains in WM after WM training. We then analyzed which biological factors predicted the rate of increase in WM between ages 14 and 19. We found a significant interaction between putamen size and DAT1/SLC6A3 rs40184 polymorphism, such that TC heterozygotes with a larger putamen at age 14 showed greater WM improvement at age 19. The effect of the DAT1 polymorphism on WM development was exerted in interaction with striatal morphology. These results suggest that development of WM partially share neuro-physiological mechanism with training-induced plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nemmi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - C Nymberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Darki
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Büchel
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - V Frouin
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - P Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham,University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J-L Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1000 "Neuroimaging & Psychiatry", University Paris Sud - Paris Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay; and Maison de Solenn, Paris, France
| | - F Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - T Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - T W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - G Schumann
- Medical Research Council - Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - T Klingberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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42
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Takeuchi H, Kawashima R. Mean Diffusivity in the Dopaminergic System and Neural Differences Related to Dopaminergic System. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:460-474. [PMID: 29119929 PMCID: PMC6018195 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666171109124839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mean diffusivity (MD) parameter obtained by diffusion tensor imaging provides a measure of how freely water molecules move in brain tissue. Greater tissue density conferred by closely arrayed cellular structures is assumed to lower MD by inhibiting the free diffusion of water molecules. METHODS In this paper, we review studies showing MD variation among regions of the brain dopaminergic system (MDDS), especially subcortical structures such as the putamen, caudate nucleus, and globus pallidus, in different conditions with known associations to dopaminergic system function or dysfunction. The methodologies and background related to MD and MDDS are also discussed. RESULTS Past studies indicate that MDDS is sensitive to pathological derangement of dopaminergic activity, neural changes caused by cognitive and pharmacological interventions that are known to affect the dopaminergic system, and individual character traits related to dopaminergic function. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MDDS can be one useful tool to tap the neural differences related to the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Address correspondence to this author at the Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, IDAC, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Tel/Fax: +81-22-717-7988;, E-mail:
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43
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Boot E, Hollak CEM, Huijbregts SCJ, Jahja R, van Vliet D, Nederveen AJ, Nieman DH, Bosch AM, Bour LJ, Bakermans AJ, Abeling NGGM, Bassett AS, van Amelsvoort TAMJ, van Spronsen FJ, Booij J. Cerebral dopamine deficiency, plasma monoamine alterations and neurocognitive deficits in adults with phenylketonuria. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2854-2865. [PMID: 28552082 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic metabolic disorder that is characterized by the inability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine, leads to severe intellectual disability and other cerebral complications if left untreated. Dietary treatment, initiated soon after birth, prevents most brain-related complications. A leading hypothesis postulates that a shortage of brain monoamines may be associated with neurocognitive deficits that are observable even in early-treated PKU. However, there is a paucity of evidence as yet for this hypothesis. METHODS We therefore assessed in vivo striatal dopamine D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability and plasma monoamine metabolite levels together with measures of impulsivity and executive functioning in 18 adults with PKU and average intellect (31.2 ± 7.4 years, nine females), most of whom were early and continuously treated. Comparison data from 12 healthy controls that did not differ in gender and age were available. RESULTS Mean D2/3R availability was significantly higher (13%; p = 0.032) in the PKU group (n = 15) than in the controls, which may reflect reduced synaptic brain dopamine levels in PKU. The PKU group had lower plasma levels of homovanillic acid (p < 0.001) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (p < 0.0001), the predominant metabolites of dopamine and norepinephrine, respectively. Self-reported impulsivity levels were significantly higher in the PKU group compared with healthy controls (p = 0.033). Within the PKU group, D2/3R availability showed a positive correlation with both impulsivity (r = 0.72, p = 0.003) and the error rate during a cognitive flexibility task (r = 0.59, p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide further support for the hypothesis that executive functioning deficits in treated adult PKU may be associated with cerebral dopamine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boot
- Department of Nuclear Medicine,Academic Medical Center,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - C E M Hollak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine,Academic Medical Center,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - S C J Huijbregts
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies & Leiden,Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University,Leiden,The Netherlands
| | - R Jahja
- Division of Metabolic Diseases,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital,Groningen,The Netherlands
| | - D van Vliet
- Division of Metabolic Diseases,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital,Groningen,The Netherlands
| | - A J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology,Academic Medical Center,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - D H Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry,Academic Medical Center,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - A M Bosch
- Department of Pediatrics,Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - L J Bour
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology,Academic Medical Center,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - A J Bakermans
- Department of Radiology,Academic Medical Center,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - N G G M Abeling
- Laboratory for Genetic Metabolic Diseases,Academic Medical Center,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
| | - A S Bassett
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, andCenter for Mental Health, University Health Network,Toronto, Ontario,Canada
| | - T A M J van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology,Maastricht University,Maastricht,The Netherlands
| | - F J van Spronsen
- Division of Metabolic Diseases,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital,Groningen,The Netherlands
| | - J Booij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine,Academic Medical Center,Amsterdam,The Netherlands
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Harden KP, Mann FD, Grotzinger AD, Patterson MW, Steinberg L, Tackett JL, Tucker-Drob EM. Developmental differences in reward sensitivity and sensation seeking in adolescence: Testing sex-specific associations with gonadal hormones and pubertal development. J Pers Soc Psychol 2017; 115:161-178. [PMID: 29094961 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sensation seeking has been found to increase, on average, from childhood to adolescence. Developmental scientists have hypothesized that this change could be driven by the rise of gonadal hormones at puberty, which affect reward-related processing in the brain. In a large, age-heterogeneous, population-based sample of adolescents and young adults (N = 810; ages 13-20 years), we tested for sex-specific associations between age, self-reported pubertal development, gonadal hormones (estradiol and testosterone) as measured in saliva, reward sensitivity as measured by a multivariate battery of in-laboratory tasks (including the Iowa gambling task, balloon analogue risk task, and stoplight task), and self-reported sensation seeking. Reward sensitivity was more strongly associated with sensation seeking in males than females. For both males and females, reward sensitivity was unrelated to age but was higher among those who reported more advanced pubertal development. There were significant sex differences in the effects of self-reported pubertal development on sensation seeking, with a positive association evident in males but a negative association in females. Moreover, gonadal hormones also showed diverging associations with sensation seeking-positive with testosterone but negative with estradiol. Overall, the results indicate that sensation seeking among adolescents and young adults depends on a complex constellation of developmental influences that operate via sex-specific mechanisms. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Caravaggio F, Plitman E, Chung JK, Gerretsen P, Kim J, Iwata Y, Chakravarty M, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A. Trait impulsiveness is related to smaller post-commissural putamen volumes in males but not females. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2253-2264. [PMID: 28833754 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is considered a vulnerability trait for addiction. Recently, we found trait non-planning impulsiveness measured with the Karolinska Scales of Personality was negatively correlated with dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in the ventral striatum of healthy humans. While also observed in rodents, human studies have failed to find this association with other measures of trait impulsivity. We explored whether another rodent finding, reduced ventral striatum volume with greater impulsivity, could also be observed in humans using this scale. Non-planning impulsiveness was measured in 52 healthy subjects (21 female; mean age: 33.06 ± 9.69) using the Karolinska Scales of Personality. Striatal subregion volumes, including the globus pallidus, were acquired using the Multiple Automatically Generated Templates (MAGeT-Brain) algorithm. Although failing to support our a priori hypothesis, there was a significant sex interaction in the post-commissural putamen with impulsiveness. Exploratory analyses revealed impulsiveness was negatively correlated with post-commissural putamen volumes in males, but positively correlated in females. We replicated this finding in males in an increased sample (including all 52 previous subjects) who provided impulsiveness measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory (n = 73; 32 female; mean age: 33.48 ± 9.75). These correlations by sex were statistically different from one another, the main finding with the Kasolinksa Scales of Personality surviving correction for multiple comparisons. While impulsivity may be related to reduced ventral striatal D2/3 receptors across sexes, males but not females may show significant reductions in post-commissural putamen volume. These findings have important implications for understanding biological markers underlying sex differences in drug addiction vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaggio
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Plitman
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jun Ku Chung
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Kim
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Beaudet G, Paizanis E, Zoratto F, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Freret T, Laviola G, Boulouard M, Adriani W. LP-211, a selective 5-HT7
receptor agonist, increases novelty-preference and promotes risk-prone behavior in rats. Synapse 2017; 71. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Beaudet
- INSERM U1075 COMETE UNICAEN; University of Caen Normandie; Caen F-14000 France
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health; Rome I-00161 Italy
| | - E. Paizanis
- INSERM U1075 COMETE UNICAEN; University of Caen Normandie; Caen F-14000 France
| | - F. Zoratto
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health; Rome I-00161 Italy
| | - E. Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro,”; Bari Italy
| | - M. Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro,”; Bari Italy
- BIOFORDRUG s.r.l; Spin-off by Università degli Studi di Bari; Bari Italy
| | - T. Freret
- INSERM U1075 COMETE UNICAEN; University of Caen Normandie; Caen F-14000 France
| | - G. Laviola
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health; Rome I-00161 Italy
| | - M. Boulouard
- INSERM U1075 COMETE UNICAEN; University of Caen Normandie; Caen F-14000 France
| | - W. Adriani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health; Rome I-00161 Italy
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Pisansky MT, Young AE, O'Connor MB, Gottesman II, Bagchi A, Gewirtz JC. Mice lacking the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 5 chromatin remodeler display autism-like characteristics. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1152. [PMID: 28608855 PMCID: PMC5537637 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) share a core set of nosological features, they exhibit substantial genetic heterogeneity. A parsimonious hypothesis posits that dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms represent common pathways in the etiology of ASDs. To investigate this hypothesis, we generated a novel mouse model resulting from brain-specific deletion of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding 5 (Chd5), a chromatin remodeling protein known to regulate neuronal differentiation and a member of a gene family strongly implicated in ASDs. RNA sequencing of Chd5-/- mouse forebrain tissue revealed a preponderance of changes in expression of genes important in cellular development and signaling, sociocommunicative behavior and ASDs. Pyramidal neurons cultured from Chd5-/- cortex displayed alterations in dendritic morphology. Paralleling ASD nosology, Chd5-/- mice exhibited abnormal sociocommunicative behavior and a strong preference for familiarity. Chd5-/- mice further showed deficits in responding to the distress of a conspecific, a mouse homolog of empathy. Thus, dysregulated chromatin remodeling produces a pattern of transcriptional, neuronal and behavioral effects consistent with the presentation of ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Pisansky
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience University of Minnesota —Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A E Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota —Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M B O'Connor
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota —Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - I I Gottesman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota —Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A Bagchi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota —Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J C Gewirtz
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota —Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Laube C, Suleiman AB, Johnson M, Dahl RE, van den Bos W. Dissociable effects of age and testosterone on adolescent impatience. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 80:162-169. [PMID: 28363134 PMCID: PMC9068513 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The onset of adolescence is associated with an increase in transgressive behaviours-from juvenile delinquency to substance use and unprotected sex-that are often attributed to increased impulsiveness. In the past, this increase was ascribed to "raging hormones"; more recently, to an imbalance in the maturation of different brain regions. However, it remains unclear how these large-scale biological changes impact specific processes that result in impulsive decisions, namely, sensitivity to immediate rewards and general discounting of future options. To gain further insight into these questions, we used an intertemporal choice task to investigate the role of testosterone in impatient decision-making in boys at the developmental transition to adolescence (N=72, ages 11-14). Our results suggest that increased testosterone (but not age) is related to increased sensitivity to immediate rewards, whereas increased age (but not testosterone) is related to a reduction in general impatience. These results are discussed in the context of recent neurobiological models of adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Laube
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Megan Johnson
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Ronald E. Dahl
- Institute for Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, United States
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Nautiyal KM, Okuda M, Hen R, Blanco C. Gambling disorder: an integrative review of animal and human studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1394:106-127. [PMID: 28486792 PMCID: PMC5466885 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gambling disorder (GD), previously called pathological gambling and classified as an impulse control disorder in DSM-III and DSM-IV, has recently been reclassified as an addictive disorder in the DSM-5. It is widely recognized as an important public health problem associated with substantial personal and social costs, high rates of psychiatric comorbidity, poor physical health, and elevated suicide rates. A number of risk factors have been identified, including some genetic polymorphisms. Animal models have been developed in order to study the underlying neural basis of GD. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the risk factors, disease course, and pathophysiology. A focus on a phenotype-based dissection of the disorder is included in which known neural correlates from animal and human studies are reviewed. Finally, current treatment approaches are discussed, as well as future directions for GD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Nautiyal
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mayumi Okuda
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Rene Hen
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Carlos Blanco
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, Maryland
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50
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Jaworska N, Cox SM, Casey KF, Boileau I, Cherkasova M, Larcher K, Dagher A, Benkelfat C, Leyton M. Is there a relation between novelty seeking, striatal dopamine release and frontal cortical thickness? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174219. [PMID: 28346539 PMCID: PMC5367687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novelty-seeking (NS) and impulsive personality traits have been proposed to reflect an interplay between fronto-cortical and limbic systems, including the limbic striatum (LS). Although neuroimaging studies have provided some evidence for this, most are comprised of small samples and many report surprisingly large effects given the challenges of trying to relate a snapshot of brain function or structure to an entity as complex as personality. The current work tested a priori hypotheses about associations between striatal dopamine (DA) release, cortical thickness (CT), and NS in a large sample of healthy adults. METHODS Fifty-two healthy adults (45M/7F; age: 23.8±4.93) underwent two positron emission tomography scans with [11C]raclopride (specific for striatal DA D2/3 receptors) with or without amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg, p.o.). Structural magnetic resonance image scans were acquired, as were Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire data. Amphetamine-induced changes in [11C]raclopride binding potential values (ΔBPND) were examined in the limbic, sensorimotor (SMS) and associative (AST) striatum. CT measures, adjusted for whole brain volume, were extracted from the dorsolateral sensorimotor and ventromedial/limbic cortices. RESULTS BPND values were lower in the amphetamine vs. no-drug sessions, with the largest effect in the LS. When comparing low vs. high LS ΔBPND groups (median split), higher NS2 (impulsiveness) scores were found in the high ΔBPND group. Partial correlations (age and gender as covariates) yielded a negative relation between ASTS ΔBPND and sensorimotor CT; trends for inverse associations existed between ΔBPND values in other striatal regions and frontal CT. In other words, the greater the amphetamine-induced striatal DA response, the thinner the frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS These data expand upon previously reported associations between striatal DA release in the LS and both NS related impulsiveness and CT in the largest sample reported to date. The findings add to the plausibility of these associations while suggesting that the effects are likely weaker than has been previously proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jaworska
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institue of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvia M. Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin F. Casey
- Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariya Cherkasova
- University of British Columbia, Division of Neurology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Larcher
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chawki Benkelfat
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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