1
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Jetton D, Muendlein HI, Connolly WM, Magri Z, Smirnova I, Batorsky R, Mecsas J, Degterev A, Poltorak A. Non-canonical autophosphorylation of RIPK1 drives timely pyroptosis to control Yersinia infection. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114641. [PMID: 39154339 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Caspase-8-dependent pyroptosis has been shown to mediate host protection from Yersinia infection. For this mode of cell death, the kinase activity of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is required, but the autophosphorylation sites required to drive caspase-8 activation have not been determined. Here, we show that non-canonical autophosphorylation of RIPK1 at threonine 169 (T169) is necessary for caspase-8-mediated pyroptosis. Mice with alanine in the T169 position are highly susceptible to Yersinia dissemination. Mechanistically, the delayed formation of a complex containing RIPK1, ZBP1, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), and caspase-8 abrogates caspase-8 maturation in T169A mice and leads to the eventual activation of RIPK3-dependent necroptosis in vivo; however, this is insufficient to protect the host, suggesting that timely pyroptosis during early response is specifically required to control infection. These results position RIPK1 T169 phosphorylation as a driver of pyroptotic cell death critical for host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jetton
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Hayley I Muendlein
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Wilson M Connolly
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Zoie Magri
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Rebecca Batorsky
- Data Intensive Studies Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Joan Mecsas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Alexander Poltorak
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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2
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Yang Y, Fang H, Xie Z, Ren F, Yan L, Zhang M, Xu G, Song Z, Chen Z, Sun W, Shan B, Zhu ZJ, Xu D. Yersinia infection induces glucose depletion and AMPK-dependent inhibition of pyroptosis in mice. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:2144-2159. [PMID: 38844594 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional status and pyroptosis are important for host defence against infections. However, the molecular link that integrates nutrient sensing into pyroptosis during microbial infection is unclear. Here, using metabolic profiling, we found that Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection results in a significant decrease in intracellular glucose levels in macrophages. This leads to activation of the glucose and energy sensor AMPK, which phosphorylates the essential kinase RIPK1 at S321 during caspase-8-mediated pyroptosis. This phosphorylation inhibits RIPK1 activation and thereby restrains pyroptosis. Boosting the AMPK-RIPK1 cascade by glucose deprivation, AMPK agonists, or RIPK1-S321E knockin suppresses pyroptosis, leading to increased susceptibility to Y. pseudotuberculosis infection in mice. Ablation of AMPK in macrophages or glucose supplementation in mice is protective against infection. Thus, we reveal a molecular link between glucose sensing and pyroptosis, and unveil a mechanism by which Y. pseudotuberculosis reduces glucose levels to impact host AMPK activation and limit host pyroptosis to facilitate infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwen Fang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangdan Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fandong Ren
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingjie Yan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziwen Song
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zezhao Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Shan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China
| | - Daichao Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Osbron CA, Lawson C, Hanna N, Koehler HS, Goodman AG. Caspase-8 activity mediates TNFα production and restricts Coxiella burnetii replication during murine macrophage infection. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0005324. [PMID: 38837340 PMCID: PMC11238558 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00053-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacteria that causes the global zoonotic disease Q Fever. Treatment options for chronic infection are limited, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies requires a greater understanding of how C. burnetii interacts with immune signaling. Cell death responses are known to be manipulated by C. burnetii, but the role of caspase-8, a central regulator of multiple cell death pathways, has not been investigated. In this research, we studied bacterial manipulation of caspase-8 signaling and the significance of caspase-8 to C. burnetii infection, examining bacterial replication, cell death induction, and cytokine signaling. We measured caspase, RIPK, and MLKL activation in C. burnetii-infected tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)/cycloheximide-treated THP-1 macrophage-like cells and TNFα/ZVAD-treated L929 cells to assess apoptosis and necroptosis signaling. Additionally, we measured C. burnetii replication, cell death, and TNFα induction over 12 days in RIPK1-kinase-dead, RIPK3-kinase-dead, or RIPK3-kinase-dead-caspase-8-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to understand the significance of caspase-8 and RIPK1/3 during infection. We found that caspase-8 is inhibited by C. burnetii, coinciding with inhibition of apoptosis and increased susceptibility to necroptosis. Furthermore, C. burnetii replication was increased in BMDMs lacking caspase-8, but not in those lacking RIPK1/3 kinase activity, corresponding with decreased TNFα production and reduced cell death. As TNFα is associated with the control of C. burnetii, this lack of a TNFα response may allow for the unchecked bacterial growth we saw in caspase-8-/- BMDMs. This research identifies and explores caspase-8 as a key regulator of C. burnetii infection, opening novel therapeutic doors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A. Osbron
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Crystal Lawson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Nolan Hanna
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Heather S. Koehler
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Alan G. Goodman
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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4
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Rizo J, Encarnación-Guevara S. Bacterial protein acetylation: mechanisms, functions, and methods for study. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1408947. [PMID: 39027134 PMCID: PMC11254643 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1408947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is an evolutionarily conserved protein modification that changes protein functions and plays an essential role in many cellular processes, such as central metabolism, transcriptional regulation, chemotaxis, and pathogen virulence. It can alter DNA binding, enzymatic activity, protein-protein interactions, protein stability, or protein localization. In prokaryotes, lysine acetylation occurs non-enzymatically and by the action of lysine acetyltransferases (KAT). In enzymatic acetylation, KAT transfers the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA (AcCoA) to the lysine side chain. In contrast, acetyl phosphate (AcP) is the acetyl donor of chemical acetylation. Regardless of the acetylation type, the removal of acetyl groups from acetyl lysines occurs only enzymatically by lysine deacetylases (KDAC). KATs are grouped into three main superfamilies based on their catalytic domain sequences and biochemical characteristics of catalysis. Specifically, members of the GNAT are found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes and have a core structural domain architecture. These enzymes can acetylate small molecules, metabolites, peptides, and proteins. This review presents current knowledge of acetylation mechanisms and functional implications in bacterial metabolism, pathogenicity, stress response, translation, and the emerging topic of protein acetylation in the gut microbiome. Additionally, the methods used to elucidate the biological significance of acetylation in bacteria, such as relative quantification and stoichiometry quantification, and the genetic code expansion tool (CGE), are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Encarnación-Guevara
- Laboratorio de Proteómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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5
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Brady A, Mora-Martinez LC, Hammond B, Haribabu B, Uriarte SM, Lawrenz MB. Distinct Mechanisms of Type 3 Secretion System Recognition Control LTB 4 Synthesis in Neutrophils versus Macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.01.601466. [PMID: 39005373 PMCID: PMC11244889 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.01.601466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is critical for initiating the inflammatory cascade in response to infection. However, Yersinia pestis colonizes the host by inhibiting the timely synthesis of LTB4 and inflammation. Here, we show that the bacterial type 3 secretion system (T3SS) is the primary pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) responsible for LTB4 production by leukocytes in response to Yersinia and Salmonella, but synthesis is inhibited by the Yop effectors during Yersinia interactions. Moreover, we unexpectedly discovered that T3SS-mediated LTB4 synthesis by neutrophils and macrophages require two distinct host signaling pathways. We show that the SKAP2/PLC signaling pathway is essential for LTB4 production by neutrophils but not macrophages. Instead, phagocytosis and the NLRP3/CASP1 inflammasome are needed for LTB4 synthesis by macrophages. Finally, while recognition of the T3SS is required for LTB4 production, we also discovered a second unrelated PAMP-mediated signal independently activates the MAP kinase pathway needed for LTB4 synthesis. Together, these data demonstrate significant differences in the signaling pathways required by macrophages and neutrophils to quickly respond to bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Brady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Leonardo C. Mora-Martinez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Hammond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Center for Microbiomics, Inflammation and Pathogenicity, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Deptartment of Oral Immunology & Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Lawrenz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
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6
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Kappelhoff S, Margheritis EG, Cosentino K. New insights into Gasdermin D pore formation. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:681-692. [PMID: 38497302 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a pore-forming protein that perforates the plasma membrane (PM) during pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory form of cell death, to induce the unconventional secretion of inflammatory cytokines and, ultimately, cell lysis. GSDMD is activated by protease-mediated cleavage of its active N-terminal domain from the autoinhibitory C-terminal domain. Inflammatory caspase-1, -4/5 are the main activators of GSDMD via either the canonical or non-canonical pathways of inflammasome activation, but under certain stimuli, caspase-8 and other proteases can also activate GSDMD. Activated GSDMD can oligomerize and assemble into various nanostructures of different sizes and shapes that perforate cellular membranes, suggesting plasticity in pore formation. Although the exact mechanism of pore formation has not yet been deciphered, cysteine residues are emerging as crucial modulators of the oligomerization process. GSDMD pores and thus the outcome of pyroptosis can be modulated by various regulatory mechanisms. These include availability of activated GSDMD at the PM, control of the number of GSDMD pores by PM repair mechanisms, modulation of the lipid environment and post-translational modifications. Here, we review the latest findings on the mechanisms that induce GSDMD to form membrane pores and how they can be tightly regulated for cell content release and cell fate modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Kappelhoff
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Eleonora G Margheritis
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katia Cosentino
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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7
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Osbron CA, Lawson C, Hanna N, Koehler HS, Goodman AG. Caspase-8 activity mediates TNFα production and restricts Coxiella burnetii replication during murine macrophage infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.02.578698. [PMID: 38352389 PMCID: PMC10862817 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.02.578698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacteria which causes the global zoonotic disease Q Fever. Treatment options for infection are limited, and development of novel therapeutic strategies requires a greater understanding of how C. burnetii interacts with immune signaling. Cell death responses are known to be manipulated by C. burnetii, but the role of caspase-8, a central regulator of multiple cell death pathways, has not been investigated. In this research, we studied bacterial manipulation of caspase-8 signaling and the significance of caspase-8 to C. burnetii infection, examining bacterial replication, cell death induction, and cytokine signaling. We measured caspase, RIPK, and MLKL activation in C. burnetii-infected TNFα/CHX-treated THP-1 macrophage-like cells and TNFα/ZVAD-treated L929 cells to assess apoptosis and necroptosis signaling. Additionally, we measured C. burnetii replication, cell death, and TNFα induction over 12 days in RIPK1-kinase-dead, RIPK3-kinase-dead, or RIPK3-kinase-dead-caspase-8-/- BMDMs to understand the significance of caspase-8 and RIPK1/3 during infection. We found that caspase-8 is inhibited by C. burnetii, coinciding with inhibition of apoptosis and increased susceptibility to necroptosis. Furthermore, C. burnetii replication was increased in BMDMs lacking caspase-8, but not in those lacking RIPK1/3 kinase activity, corresponding with decreased TNFα production and reduced cell death. As TNFα is associated with the control of C. burnetii, this lack of a TNFα response may allow for the unchecked bacterial growth we saw in caspase-8-/- BMDMs. This research identifies and explores caspase-8 as a key regulator of C. burnetii infection, opening novel therapeutic doors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A. Osbron
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Crystal Lawson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Nolan Hanna
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Heather S. Koehler
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Alan G. Goodman
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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8
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Zheng Y, Li J, Liu B, Xie Z, He Y, Xue D, Zhao D, Hao C. Global trends in PANoptosis research: bibliometrics and knowledge graph analysis. Apoptosis 2024; 29:229-242. [PMID: 37751105 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
PANoptosis has recently been discovered as a new type of cell death. PANoptosis mainly refers to the significant interaction among the three programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Despite this, only a few studies have examined the systematic literature in this area. By analyzing the bibliometric data for PANoptosis, we can visualize the current hotspots and predicted trends in research. This study analyzed bibliometric indicators using the Histcite Pro 2.0 tool, which searches the Web of Science for PANoptosis literature published between 2016 and 2022. A bibliometric analysis was performed using Histcite Pro 2.0, while research trends and hotspots were visualized using VOSviewer, CiteSpace and BioBERT. The output of related literature was low in the four years from the first presentation of PANoptosis in 2016 to 2020. The volume of relevant literature grew exponentially between 2020 and 2022. The United States and China play a leading role in this field. Although China started late, its research in this field is developing rapidly. As research progressed, more focus was placed on the relationship between PANoptosis and pyroptosis, as well as apoptosis and necrosis. Now is a rapid development stage of PANoptosis research. Most of the research focuses on the cellular level, and the focus is more on the treatment of tumor-related diseases. The current focus of this area is PANoptosis mechanisms in cancer and inflammation. It can be seen from the burst analysis of keywords that caspase1 and host defense have consistently been research hotspots in the field of PANoptosis, while the frequency of NLRC4, causes of autoinflammation, recognition, NLRP3, and Gasdermin D has gradually increased, all of which have become research hotspots in recent years. Finally, we used the BioBERT biomedical language model to mine the most documented genes and diseases in the PANoptosis field articles, pointing out the direction for subsequent research steps. According to a bibliometric analysis, researchers have shown an increased interest in PANoptosis over the past few years. Researchers initially focused on the molecular mechanism of PANoptosis and pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. The role of PANoptosis in diseases and conditions such as inflammation and tumors is one of the current research hotspots in this area. The focus is more on treating inflammation-related diseases, which will become the key development direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihong Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanhang He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Dali Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Chenjun Hao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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9
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Shukri AH, Lukinović V, Charih F, Biggar KK. Unraveling the battle for lysine: A review of the competition among post-translational modifications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194990. [PMID: 37748678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play a critical role as key regulators in various biological systems, influencing crucial processes such as gene expression, cell cycle progression, and cellular proliferation. However, the functions of proteins can be further modified through post-translational modifications (PTMs), which expand their roles and contribute to disease progression when dysregulated. In this review, we delve into the methodologies employed for the characterization of PTMs, shedding light on the techniques and tools utilized to help unravel their complexity. Furthermore, we explore the prevalence of crosstalk and competition that occurs between different types of PTMs, specifically focusing on both histone and non-histone proteins. The intricate interplay between different modifications adds an additional layer of regulation to protein function and cellular processes. To gain insights into the competition for lysine residues among various modifications, computational systems such as MethylSight have been developed, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of the modification landscape. Additionally, we provide an overview of the exciting developments in the field of inhibitors or drugs targeting PTMs, highlighting their potential in combatting prevalent diseases. The discovery and development of drugs that modulate PTMs present promising avenues for therapeutic interventions, offering new strategies to address complex diseases. As research progresses in this rapidly evolving field, we anticipate remarkable advancements in our understanding of PTMs and their roles in health and disease, ultimately paving the way for innovative treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Shukri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Valentina Lukinović
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - François Charih
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle K Biggar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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10
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Guan J, Fan Y, Wang S, Zhou F. Functions of MAP3Ks in antiviral immunity. Immunol Res 2023; 71:814-832. [PMID: 37286768 PMCID: PMC10247270 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Immune signal transduction is crucial to the body's defense against viral infection. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activates the transcription of interferon regulators and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB); this promotes the release of interferons and inflammatory factors. Efficient regulation of type I interferon and NF-κB signaling by members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family plays an important role in antiviral immunity. Elucidating the specific roles of MAP3K activation during viral infection is essential to develop effective antiviral therapies. In this review, we outline the specific regulatory mechanisms of MAP3Ks in antiviral immunity and discuss the feasibility of targeting MAP3Ks for the treatment of virus-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhong Guan
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yao Fan
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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11
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Qi Z, Zhu L, Wang K, Wang N. PANoptosis: Emerging mechanisms and disease implications. Life Sci 2023; 333:122158. [PMID: 37806654 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PANoptosis, a unique new form of programmed cell death (PCD), is characterized by pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, but it cannot be explained by pyroptosis, apoptosis or necroptosis alone. Assembly of the PANoptosome complex is a key feature of PANoptosis. To date, four kinds of PANoptosomes with distinct sensors and regulators have been defined, namely Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) PANoptosome, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) PANoptosome, receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) PANoptosome, and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor 12 (NLRP12). Each PANoptosome contains three components: sensors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), adaptors as connected bridges, and catalytic effectors or executioners. Mechanistically, different PAMPs or DAMPs are recognized by the sensors in a context-dependent manner, which initiates PANoptosome assembly through adaptors, and ultimately engages synchronous activation of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis via different catalytic effectors. Resultantly, PANoptosis is emerged as a prospective and promising therapeutic target for various diseases. This review covers the accumulating evidence about the roles and mechanisms of PANoptosis in innate immunity and discusses the attractive prospect of manipulating PANoptosis as a new treatment for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kangkai Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Sepsis Translational Medicine of Hunan, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan, China.
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12
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Rich KD, Srivastava S, Muthye VR, Wasmuth JD. Identification of potential molecular mimicry in pathogen-host interactions. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16339. [PMID: 37953771 PMCID: PMC10637249 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to manipulate host signaling pathways, including the phenomenon of molecular mimicry, where pathogen-derived biomolecules imitate host biomolecules. In this study, we resurrected, updated, and optimized a sequence-based bioinformatics pipeline to identify potential molecular mimicry candidates between humans and 32 pathogenic species whose proteomes' 3D structure predictions were available at the start of this study. We observed considerable variation in the number of mimicry candidates across pathogenic species, with pathogenic bacteria exhibiting fewer candidates compared to fungi and protozoans. Further analysis revealed that the candidate mimicry regions were enriched in solvent-accessible regions, highlighting their potential functional relevance. We identified a total of 1,878 mimicked regions in 1,439 human proteins, and clustering analysis indicated diverse target proteins across pathogen species. The human proteins containing mimicked regions revealed significant associations between these proteins and various biological processes, with an emphasis on host extracellular matrix organization and cytoskeletal processes. However, immune-related proteins were underrepresented as targets of mimicry. Our findings provide insights into the broad range of host-pathogen interactions mediated by molecular mimicry and highlight potential targets for further investigation. This comprehensive analysis contributes to our understanding of the complex mechanisms employed by pathogens to subvert host defenses and we provide a resource to assist researchers in the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee D. Rich
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions Research Training Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shruti Srivastava
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions Research Training Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Viraj R. Muthye
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions Research Training Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James D. Wasmuth
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions Research Training Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Hwang SH, Jang HA, Kojour MAM, Yun K, Lee YS, Han YS, Jo YH. Effects of TmTak1 silencing on AMP production as an Imd pathway component in Tenebrio molitor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18914. [PMID: 37919359 PMCID: PMC10622451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mealworms beetles, Tenebrio molitor, are the limelight next-generation food for humans due to their high nutrient contents. Since Tenebrio molitor is used as feed for pets and livestock in addition to their ability to decompose polystyrene and plastic waste, it is recognized as an insect with an industrial core value. Therefore, it is important to study the immune mechanism related to the development and infection of mealworms for mass breeding purposes. The immune deficiency (Imd) signaling is one of the main pathways with pivotal roles in the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Transforming growth factor-β activated kinase (TAK1) is one of the Imd pathway components, forms a complex with TAK1 binding protein 2 (TAB2) to ultimately help activate the transcription factor Relish and eventually induce host to produce AMPs. Relatively, little has been revealed about TAK1 in insect models, especially in the T. molitor. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate the function of TmTak1 in T. molitor. Our results showed that the highest and lowest mRNA expression of TmTak1 were found in egg and young larvae respectively. The tissue-specific expression patterns were reported in the gut of T. molitor larvae and the fat bodies of adults. Systemic microbial challenge illustrated TmTak1 high expression following the fungal infection in all dissected tissues except for the whole body. However, silencing TmTak1 experiments showed that the survivability of T. molitor larvae affected significantly following Escherichia coli infection. Accordingly, AMP induction after TmTak1 knock down was mainly reported in the integument and the fat bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyeon Hwang
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Am Jang
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Maryam Ali Mohammadie Kojour
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunho Yun
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Clucas J, Meier P. Roles of RIPK1 as a stress sentinel coordinating cell survival and immunogenic cell death. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:835-852. [PMID: 37568036 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell death and inflammation are closely linked arms of the innate immune response to combat infection and tissue malfunction. Recent advancements in our understanding of the intricate signals originating from dying cells have revealed that cell death serves as more than just an end point. It facilitates the exchange of information between the dying cell and cells of the tissue microenvironment, particularly immune cells, alerting and recruiting them to the site of disturbance. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is emerging as a critical stress sentinel that functions as a molecular switch, governing cellular survival, inflammatory responses and immunogenic cell death signalling. Its tight regulation involves multiple layers of post-translational modifications. In this Review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that regulate RIPK1 to maintain homeostasis and cellular survival in healthy cells, yet drive cell death in a context-dependent manner. We address how RIPK1 mutations or aberrant regulation is associated with inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and cancer. Moreover, we tease apart what is known about catalytic and non-catalytic roles of RIPK1 and discuss the successes and pitfalls of current strategies that aim to target RIPK1 in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarama Clucas
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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15
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Chai Q, Lei Z, Liu CH. Pyroptosis modulation by bacterial effector proteins. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101804. [PMID: 37406548 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death featured with membrane pore formation that causes cellular swelling and allows the release of intracellular inflammatory mediators. This cell death process is elicited by the activation of the pore-forming proteins named gasdermins, and is intricately orchestrated by diverse regulatory factors in mammalian hosts to exert a prompt immune response against infections. However, growing evidence suggests that bacterial pathogens have evolved to regulate host pyroptosis for evading immune clearance and establishing progressive infection. In this review, we highlight current understandings of the functional role and regulatory network of pyroptosis in host antibacterial immunity. Thereafter, we further discuss the latest advances elucidating the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens modulate pyroptosis through adopting their effector proteins to drive infections. A better understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying pyroptosis at the interface of host-bacterial interactions will shed new light on the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and contribute to the development of promising therapeutic strategies against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zehui Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
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16
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Nandi I, Aroeti B. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and Enteric Bacterial Pathogens: A Complex Interplay. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11905. [PMID: 37569283 PMCID: PMC10419152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse extracellular and intracellular cues activate mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Canonically, the activation starts at cell surface receptors and continues via intracellular MAPK components, acting in the host cell nucleus as activators of transcriptional programs to regulate various cellular activities, including proinflammatory responses against bacterial pathogens. For instance, binding host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells to bacterial pathogen external components trigger the MAPK/NF-κB signaling cascade, eliciting cytokine production. This results in an innate immune response that can eliminate the bacterial pathogen. However, enteric bacterial pathogens evolved sophisticated mechanisms that interfere with such a response by delivering virulent proteins, termed effectors, and toxins into the host cells. These proteins act in numerous ways to inactivate or activate critical components of the MAPK signaling cascades and innate immunity. The consequence of such activities could lead to successful bacterial colonization, dissemination, and pathogenicity. This article will review enteric bacterial pathogens' strategies to modulate MAPKs and host responses. It will also discuss findings attempting to develop anti-microbial treatments by targeting MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Aroeti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190410, Israel;
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17
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Malireddi RS, Bynigeri RR, Mall R, Nadendla EK, Connelly JP, Pruett-Miller SM, Kanneganti TD. Whole-genome CRISPR screen identifies RAVER1 as a key regulator of RIPK1-mediated inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis. iScience 2023; 26:106938. [PMID: 37324531 PMCID: PMC10265528 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a central regulator of innate immunity, cell death, inflammation, and cellular homeostasis. Therefore, many pathogens carry TAK1 inhibitors (TAK1i). As a host strategy to counteract this, inhibition or deletion of TAK1 induces spontaneous inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, through the RIPK1-PANoptosome complex, containing the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-8/FADD/RIPK3 as integral components; however, PANoptosis also promotes pathological inflammation. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanisms that regulate TAK1i-induced cell death is essential. Here, we report a genome-wide CRISPR screen in macrophages that identified TAK1i-induced cell death regulators, including polypyrimidine tract-binding (PTB) protein 1 (PTBP1), a known regulator of RIPK1, and a previously unknown regulator RAVER1. RAVER1 blocked alternative splicing of Ripk1, and its genetic depletion inhibited TAK1i-induced, RIPK1-mediated inflammasome activation and PANoptosis. Overall, our CRISPR screen identified several positive regulators of PANoptosis. Moreover, our study highlights the utility of genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens in myeloid cells for comprehensive characterization of complex cell death pathways to discover therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ratnakar R. Bynigeri
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Raghvendra Mall
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Eswar Kumar Nadendla
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jon P. Connelly
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering (CAGE), St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shondra M. Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering (CAGE), St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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18
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Sai K, Nakanishi A, Scofield KM, Tokarz DA, Linder KE, Cohen TJ, Ninomiya-Tsuji J. Aberrantly activated TAK1 links neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260102. [PMID: 36912451 PMCID: PMC10112982 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is causally associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Reactive glia cells secrete various neurotoxic factors that impair neuronal homeostasis eventually leading to neuronal loss. Although the glial activation mechanism in AD has been relatively well studied, how it perturbs intraneuronal signaling, which ultimately leads to neuronal cell death, remains poorly understood. Here, we report that compound stimulation with the neurotoxic factors TNF and glutamate aberrantly activates neuronal TAK1 (also known as MAP3K7), which promotes the pathogenesis of AD in mouse models. Glutamate-induced Ca2+ influx shifts TNF signaling to hyper-activate TAK1 enzymatic activity through Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, which leads to necroptotic cellular damage. Genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 ameliorated AD-associated neuronal loss and cognitive impairment in the AD model mice. Our findings provide a molecular mechanism linking cytokines, Ca2+ signaling and neuronal necroptosis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Sai
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, USA
| | - Aoi Nakanishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Scofield
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, USA
| | - Debra A. Tokarz
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Keith E. Linder
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Todd J. Cohen
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, USA
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19
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Duan H, Zhang X, Figeys D. An emerging field: Post-translational modification in microbiome. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2100389. [PMID: 36239139 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play an essential role in most biological processes. PTMs on human proteins have been extensively studied. Studies on bacterial PTMs are emerging, which demonstrate that bacterial PTMs are different from human PTMs in their types, mechanisms and functions. Few PTM studies have been done on the microbiome. Here, we reviewed several studied PTMs in bacteria including phosphorylation, acetylation, succinylation, glycosylation, and proteases. We discussed the enzymes responsible for each PTM and their functions. We also summarized the current methods used to study microbiome PTMs and the observations demonstrating the roles of PTM in the microbe-microbe interactions within the microbiome and their interactions with the environment or host. Although new methods and tools for PTM studies are still needed, the existing technologies have made great progress enabling a deeper understanding of the functional regulation of the microbiome. Large-scale application of these microbiome-wide PTM studies will provide a better understanding of the microbiome and its roles in the development of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Chen KW, Brodsky IE. Yersinia interactions with regulated cell death pathways. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 71:102256. [PMID: 36584489 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell death in response to infection is conserved across all kingdoms of life. In metazoans, cell death upon bacterial infection is primarily carried out by the cysteine and aspartate protease and receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase families. The Gram-negative bacterial genus Yersinia includes pathogens that cause disease in humans and other animals ranging from plague to gastrointestinal infections. Pathogenic Yersiniae express a type-III secretion system (T3SS), which translocates effectors that disrupt phagocytosis and innate immune signaling to evade immune defenses and replicate extracellularly in infected tissues. Blockade of innate immune signaling, disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, and the membrane-disrupting activity of the T3SS translocon pore, are all sensed by innate immune cells. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the pathways that regulate Yersinia-induced cell death, and how manipulation of these cell death pathways over the course of infection promotes bacterial dissemination or host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen W Chen
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Igor E Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, United States; Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, United States.
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21
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The Therapeutic Potential of Pyroptosis in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021285. [PMID: 36674798 PMCID: PMC9861152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death characterized by the rupture of the plasma membranes and release of cellular content leading to inflammatory reaction. Four cellular mechanisms inducing pyroptosis have been reported thus far, including the (i) caspase 1-mediated canonical, (ii) caspase 4/5/11-mediated non-canonical, (iii) caspase 3/8-mediated and (iv) caspase-independent pathways. Although discovered as a defense mechanism protecting cells from infections of intracellular pathogens, pyroptosis plays roles in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis of tumors, as well as in treatment response to antitumor drugs and, consequently, patient outcome. Pyroptosis induction following antitumor therapies has been reported in several tumor types, including lung, colorectal and gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma. This review provides an overview of the cellular pathways of pyroptosis and discusses the therapeutic potential of pyroptosis induction in cancer, particularly in melanoma.
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22
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RIPK1 and RIPK3 in antibacterial defence. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1583-1594. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20211242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Upon sensing pathogenic bacterial infection, host cells activate a multitude of inflammatory and immunogenic responses to promote bacterial clearance and restore tissue homeostasis. RIPK1 and RIPK3 are two key players in antimicrobial defence, by either driving inflammatory signalling or inducing programmed cell death activation, ranging from apoptosis, pyroptosis to necroptosis. In this review, we first discuss the mechanisms by which RIPK1 and RIPK3 promote the assembly of death-inducing complexes and how these cell death pathways are activated as host responses to counteract pathogenic bacteria. We further outline the immunological importance of cell death in antibacterial defence and highlight outstanding questions in the field.
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23
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Oh C, Li L, Verma A, Reuven AD, Miao EA, Bliska JB, Aachoui Y. Neutrophil inflammasomes sense the subcellular delivery route of translocated bacterial effectors and toxins. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111688. [PMID: 36417874 PMCID: PMC9827617 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In neutrophils, caspase-11 cleaves gasdermin D (GSDMD), causing pyroptosis to clear cytosol-invasive bacteria. In contrast, caspase-1 also cleaves GSDMD but seems to not cause pyroptosis. Here, we show that this pyroptosis-resistant caspase-1 activation is specifically programmed by the site of translocation of the detected microbial virulence factors. We find that pyrin and NLRC4 agonists do not trigger pyroptosis in neutrophils when they access the cytosol from endosomal compartment. In contrast, when the same ligands penetrate through the plasma membrane, they cause pyroptosis. Consistently, pyrin detects extracellular Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ΔyopM in neutrophils, driving caspase-1-GSDMD pyroptosis. This pyroptotic response drives PAD4-dependent H3 citrullination and results in extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Our data indicate that caspase-1, GSDMD, or PAD4 deficiency renders mice more susceptible to Y. pseudotuberculosis ΔyopM infection. Therefore, neutrophils induce pyroptosis in response to caspase-1-activating inflammasomes triggered by extracellular bacterial pathogens, but after they phagocytose pathogens, they are programmed to forego pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Lupeng Li
- Department of Immunology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ambika Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Arianna D Reuven
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03768, USA
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Immunology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - James B Bliska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03768, USA
| | - Youssef Aachoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. In recent years, it became clear that TNF drives inflammatory responses not only directly by inducing inflammatory gene expression but also indirectly by inducing cell death, instigating inflammatory immune reactions and disease development. Hence, inhibitors of cell death are being considered as a new therapy for TNF-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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25
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HDAC6-dependent deacetylation of TAK1 enhances sIL-6R release to promote macrophage M2 polarization in colon cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:888. [PMID: 36270986 PMCID: PMC9587286 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a member of the HDAC family, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for tumor therapy, but the function and underlying mechanisms of HDAC6 in colon cancer are incompletely characterized. Our study showed that the infiltration ratio of M2 macrophages was increased in colon cancer tissues with high HDAC6 expression. Similarly, the knockdown of HDAC6 in colon cancer cells inhibited cocultured macrophage M2 polarization in vitro. Analysis of the antibody chip revealed that HDAC6 promoted sIL-6R release to enhance macrophage M2 polarization. Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation demonstrated that, mechanistically, HDAC6 interacted with transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), deacetylated TAK1 at T178 and promoted TAK1 phosphorylation. TAK1-p38 MAPK signaling could further increase the phosphorylation and activity of ADAM17, which is responsible for shedding of IL-6R. Notably, the expression of phosphorylated TAK1 was positively correlated with HDAC6 expression and macrophage M2 polarization in human colon cancer tissues. Our study revealed a new HDAC6-TAK1-ADAM17 regulatory axis that mediates sIL-6R release and macrophage polarization in colon cancer.
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26
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Caspase-1 Inhibition Reduces Occurrence of PANoptosis in Macrophages Infected by E. faecalis OG1RF. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206204. [PMID: 36294525 PMCID: PMC9605124 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of caspase-1 inhibition on PANoptosis in macrophages infected with Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. RAW264.7 cells with and without pretreatment by caspase-1 inhibitor were infected with E. faecalis OG1RF at multiplicities of infection (MOIs). A live cell imaging analysis system and Western blot were applied to evaluate the dynamic curve of cell death and the expression of executor proteins of PANoptosis. The mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-18 was quantified by RT-qPCR. Morphological changes were observed under scanning electron microscopy. We found that PI-positive cells emerged earlier and peaked at a faster rate in E. faecalis-infected macrophages (Ef-MPs) at higher MOIs. The expression of the N-terminal domain of the effector protein gasdermin D (GSDMD-N), cleaved caspase-3 and pMLKL were significantly upregulated at MOIs of 10:1 at 6 h and at MOI of 1:1 at 12 h postinfection. In Ef-MPs pretreated with caspase-1 inhibitor, the number of PI-positive cells was significantly reduced, and the expression of IL-1β and IL-18 genes and cleaved caspase-1/-3 and GSDMD-N proteins was significantly downregulated (p < 0.05), while pMLKL was still markedly increased (p < 0.05). Ef-MPs remained relatively intact with caspase-1 inhibitor. In conclusion, E. faecalis induced cell death in macrophages in an MOI-dependent manner. Caspase-1 inhibitor simultaneously inhibited pyroptosis and apoptosis in Ef-MPs, but necroptosis still occurred.
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Mechanisms of TNF-independent RIPK3-mediated cell death. Biochem J 2022; 479:2049-2062. [PMID: 36240069 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and necroptosis regulate many aspects of organismal biology and are involved in various human diseases. TNF is well known to induce both of these forms of cell death and the underlying mechanisms have been elaborately described. However, cells can also engage apoptosis and necroptosis through TNF-independent mechanisms, involving, for example, activation of the pattern recognition receptors Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 and -4, or zDNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1). In this context, cell death signaling depends on the presence of receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3 (RIPK3). Whereas RIPK3 is required for TNF-induced necroptosis, it mediates both apoptosis and necroptosis upon TLR3/4 and ZBP1 engagement. Here, we review the intricate mechanisms by which TNF-independent cell death is regulated by RIPK3.
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Qi S, Wang Q, Zhang J, Liu Q, Li C. Pyroptosis and Its Role in the Modulation of Cancer Progression and Antitumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810494. [PMID: 36142404 PMCID: PMC9501080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death (PCD) accompanied by an inflammatory reaction and the rupture of a membrane. Pyroptosis is divided into a canonical pathway triggered by caspase-1, and a non-canonical pathway independent of caspase-1. More and more pyroptosis-related participants, pathways, and regulatory mechanisms have been exploited in recent years. Pyroptosis plays crucial roles in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of cancer and it affects the immunotherapeutic outcome by influencing immune cell infiltration as well. Extensive studies are required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms between pyroptosis and cancer. In this review, we introduce the discovery history of pyroptosis, delineate the signaling pathways of pyroptosis, and then make comparisons between pyroptosis and other types of PCD. Finally, we provide an overview of pyroptosis in different cancer types. With the progression in the field of pyroptosis, new therapeutic targets and strategies can be explored to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Qi
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junyou Zhang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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Wei X, Xie F, Zhou X, Wu Y, Yan H, Liu T, Huang J, Wang F, Zhou F, Zhang L. Role of pyroptosis in inflammation and cancer. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:971-992. [PMID: 35970871 PMCID: PMC9376585 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death mediated by gasdermin and is a product of continuous cell expansion until the cytomembrane ruptures, resulting in the release of cellular contents that can activate strong inflammatory and immune responses. Pyroptosis, an innate immune response, can be triggered by the activation of inflammasomes by various influencing factors. Activation of these inflammasomes can induce the maturation of caspase-1 or caspase-4/5/11, both of which cleave gasdermin D to release its N-terminal domain, which can bind membrane lipids and perforate the cell membrane. Here, we review the latest advancements in research on the mechanisms of pyroptosis, newly discovered influencing factors, antitumoral properties, and applications in various diseases. Moreover, this review also provides updates on potential targeted therapies for inflammation and cancers, methods for clinical prevention, and finally challenges and future directions in the field.
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty MF, Assanga SI, Lujan LL, O'Keefe JH. Ferulic acid and berberine, via Sirt1 and AMPK, may act as cell cleansing promoters of healthy longevity. Open Heart 2022; 9:openhrt-2021-001801. [PMID: 35301252 PMCID: PMC8932268 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid, a bacterial metabolite of anthocyanins, seems likely to be a primary mediator of the health benefits associated with anthocyanin-rich diets, and has long been employed in Chinese cardiovascular medicine. In rodent studies, it has exerted wide-ranging antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, the molecular basis of which remains rather obscure. However, recent studies indicate that physiologically relevant concentrations of ferulic acid can boost expression of Sirt1 at mRNA and protein levels in a range of tissues. Sirt1, a class III deacetylase, functions to detect a paucity of oxidisable substrate, and in response works in various ways to promote cellular survival and healthful longevity. Sirt1 promotes ‘cell cleansing’ and cell survival by boosting autophagy, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, phase 2 induction of antioxidant enzymes via Nrf2, and DNA repair—while inhibiting NF-kB-driven inflammation, apoptosis, and cellular senescence, and boosting endothelial expression of the protective transcription factor kruppel-like factor 2. A deficit of the latter appears to mediate the endothelial toxicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Ferulic acid also enhances the activation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) by increasing expression and activity of its activating kinase LKB1—whereas AMPK in turn amplifies Sirt1 activity by promoting induction of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltranferase, rate-limiting for generation of Sirt1’s obligate substrate NAD+. Curiously, AMPK acts by independent mechanisms to potentiate many of the effects mediated by Sirt1. Hence, it is proposed that ferulic acid may exert complementary or synergistic health-promoting effects when used in conjunction with clinically useful AMPK activators, such as the nutraceutical berberine. Additional nutraceuticals which might have potential for amplifying certain protective effects of ferulic acid/berberine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Simon Iloki Assanga
- Department of Research and Postgraduate in Food Science, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Lidianys Lewis Lujan
- Department of Research and Postgraduate in Food Science, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - James H O'Keefe
- Charles and Barbara Duboc Cardio Health & Wellness Center, St Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Aranjuez GF, Kim J, Jewett TJ. The Chlamydia trachomatis Early Effector Tarp Outcompetes Fascin in Forming F-Actin Bundles In Vivo. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:811407. [PMID: 35300377 PMCID: PMC8921475 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.811407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis secretes multiple early effectors into the host cell to promote invasion. A key early effector during host cell entry, Tarp (translocated actin-recruiting phosphoprotein) is comprised of multiple protein domains known to have roles in cell signaling, G-actin nucleation and F-actin bundle formation. In vitro, the actin bundles generated by Tarp are uncharacteristically flexible, however, in vivo, the biological significance of Tarp-mediated actin bundles remains unknown. We hypothesize that Tarp's ability to generate unique actin bundles, in part, facilitates chlamydial entry into epithelial cells. To study the in vivo interaction between Tarp and F-actin, we transgenically expressed Tarp in Drosophila melanogaster tissues. Tarp expressed in Drosophila is phosphorylated and forms F-actin-enriched aggregates in tissues. To gain insight into the significance of Tarp actin bundles in vivo, we utilized the well-characterized model system of mechanosensory bristle development in Drosophila melanogaster. Tarp expression in wild type flies produced curved bristles, indicating a perturbation in F-actin dynamics during bristle development. Two F-actin bundlers, Singed/Fascin and Forked/Espin, are important for normal bristle shape. Surprisingly, Tarp expression in the bristles displaced Singed/Fascin away from F-actin bundles. Tarp's competitive behavior against Fascin during F-actin bundling was confirmed in vitro. Loss of either singed or forked in flies leads to highly deformed bristles. Strikingly, Tarp partially rescued the loss of singed, reducing the severity of the bristle morphology defect. This work provides in vivo confirmation of Tarp's F-actin bundling activity and further uncovers a competitive behavior against the host bundler Singed/Fascin during bundle assembly. Also, we demonstrate the utility of Drosophila melanogaster as an in vivo cell biological platform to study bacterial effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- George F. Aranjuez
- Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United States
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Cao A, Kagan JC. Gasdermin Pore Forming Activities that Promote Inflammation from Living and Dead Cells. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167427. [PMID: 34973239 PMCID: PMC8844208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gasdermins are proteins that can self-assemble into membrane channels (also known as pores). These pores can serve as conduits for the secretion of cytosolic molecules, with the most commonly studied being members of the interleukin-1 family of cytokines. However, gasdermin pore forming activities must be tightly regulated, as the channels that they form can lead to a lytic form of cell death known as pyroptosis. Recent studies have revealed multiple mechanisms that control gasdermin activities within cells and identified gasdermin proteins in organisms as diverse as bacteria, humans and yeast. In this Review, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate gasdermin pore formation. These mechanisms of gasdermin regulation likely explain the flexibility of these proteins to display cell type specific (and potentially organism specific) functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Cao
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115
| | - Jonathan C. Kagan
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 02115,Correspondence:
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Sensing microbial infections in the Drosophila melanogaster genetic model organism. Immunogenetics 2022; 74:35-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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34
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Jiang W, Deng Z, Dai X, Zhao W. PANoptosis: A New Insight Into Oral Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 12:789610. [PMID: 34970269 PMCID: PMC8712492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.789610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome, one of the most complex and intensive microbial ecosystems in the human body, comprises bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome is the initiating factor that leads to oral infectious diseases. Infection is a sophisticated biological process involving interplay between the pathogen and the host, which often leads to activation of programmed cell death. Studies suggest that pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis are involved in multiple oral infectious diseases. Further understanding of crosstalk between cell death pathways has led to pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis being integrated into a single term: PANoptosis. PANoptosis is a multifaceted agent of the immune response that has important pathophysiological relevance to infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer. As such, it plays an important role in innate immune cells that detect and eliminate intracellular pathogens. In addition to the classical model of influenza virus-infected and Yersinia-infected macrophages, other studies have expanded the scope of PANoptosis to include other microorganisms, as well as potential roles in cell types other than macrophages. In this review, we will summarize the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying inflammation and tissue destruction caused by oral pathogens. We present an overview of different pathogens that may induce activation of PANoptosis, along with the functional consequences of PANoptosis in the context of oral infectious diseases. To advance our understanding of immunology, we also explore the strategies used by microbes that enable immune evasion and replication within host cells. Improved understanding of the interplay between the host and pathogen through PANoptosis will direct development of therapeutic strategies that target oral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingzhu Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanghong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Gasdermin D and Beyond - Gasdermin-mediated Pyroptosis in Bacterial Infections. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167409. [PMID: 34929200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of pyroptosis and its subsequent implications in infection and immunity has uncovered a new angle of host-defence against pathogen assault. At its most simple, gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis in bacterial infection would be expected to remove pathogens from the relative safety of the cytosol or pathogen containing vacuole/phagosome whilst inducing a rapid and effective immune response. Differences in gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis between cell types, stimulation conditions, pathogen and even animal species, however, make things more complex. The excessive inflammation associated with the pathogen-induced gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis contributes to a downward spiral in sepsis. With no currently approved effective treatment options for sepsis understanding how gasdermin-mediated pyroptotic pathways are regulated provides an opportunity to identify novel therapeutic candidates against this complex disease. In this review we cover recent advances in the field of gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis with a focus on bacterial infection and sepsis models in the context of humans and other animal species. Importantly we also consider why there is considerable redundancy set into these ancient immune pathways.
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36
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The caspase-6-p62 axis modulates p62 droplets based autophagy in a dominant-negative manner. Cell Death Differ 2021; 29:1211-1227. [PMID: 34862482 PMCID: PMC9178044 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SQSTM1/p62, as a major autophagy receptor, forms droplets that are critical for cargo recognition, nucleation, and clearance. p62 droplets also function as liquid assembly platforms to allow the formation of autophagosomes at their surfaces. It is unknown how p62-droplet formation is regulated under physiological or pathological conditions. Here, we report that p62-droplet formation is selectively blocked by inflammatory toxicity, which induces cleavage of p62 by caspase-6 at a novel cleavage site D256, a conserved site across human, mouse, rat, and zebrafish. The N-terminal cleavage product is relatively stable, whereas the C-terminal product appears undetectable. Using a variety of cellular models, we show that the p62 N-terminal caspase-6 cleavage product (p62-N) plays a dominant-negative role to block p62-droplet formation. In vitro p62 phase separation assays confirm this observation. Dominant-negative regulation of p62-droplet formation by caspase-6 cleavage attenuates p62 droplets dependent autophagosome formation. Our study suggests a novel pathway to modulate autophagy through the caspase-6–p62 axis under certain stress stimuli.
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37
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Huh SU. PopP2 interacts with PAD4 in an acetyltransferase activity-dependent manner and affects plant immunity. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:2017631. [PMID: 34978271 PMCID: PMC9208800 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2017631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic bacteria inject many of the effector proteins into host cell to manipulate host protein and promote pathogen development. Only a few effectors can be recognized by plant immune receptors called nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs). Enhanced disease susceptibility1 (EDS1) is an important regulator of plant basal and NLR receptor-triggered immunity. EDS1/PAD4 or EDS1/SAG101 heterodimers are recruited by Toll-interleukin1-receptor domain NLRs (TNLs) to transcriptionally mobilize resistance pathways. Type III effector PopP2 contributes to Ralstonia solanacearum virulence. PopP2 has an acetyltransferase activity and is recognized by Arabidopsis NLR pair RPS4/RRS1-R. On the other hand, PopP2 avirulence function is dependent on its enzymatic activity but target proteins in the host cell are still largely unknown. In this study, we found EDS1 and PAD4 are new host targets of PopP2 effector. Arabidopsis PAD4 lipase-like domain protein physically associates with enzymatic active PopP2 protein but not inactive PopP2C321A. PAD4-PopP2 interaction is disrupted by EDS1 immune regulator but not SAG101. We propose that acetyltransferase activity of PopP2 might confer specificity to PAD4 to manipulate plant immunity. As a counter strategy, EDS1 associates with PAD4 to form heterodimeric immune regulator complexes for activating basal resistance and interfering PopP2 physical interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Un Huh
- Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Republic of Korea
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38
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Abstract
Despite the maintenance of YopP/J alleles throughout the human-pathogenic Yersinia lineage, the benefit of YopP/J-induced phagocyte death for Yersinia pathogenesis in animals is not obvious. To determine how the sequence divergence of YopP/J has impacted Yersinia virulence, we examined protein polymorphisms in this type III secreted effector protein across 17 Yersinia species and tested the consequences of polymorphism in a murine model of subacute systemic yersiniosis. Our evolutionary analysis revealed that codon 177 has been subjected to positive selection; the Yersinia enterocolitica residue had been altered from a leucine to a phenylalanine in nearly all Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis strains examined. Despite this change being minor, as both leucine and phenylalanine have hydrophobic side chains, reversion of YopJF177 to the ancestral YopJL177 variant yielded a Y. pseudotuberculosis strain with enhanced cytotoxicity toward macrophages, consistent with previous findings. Surprisingly, expression of YopJF177L in the mildly attenuated ksgA- background rendered the strain completely avirulent in mice. Consistent with this hypothesis that YopJ activity relates indirectly to Yersinia pathogenesis in vivo, ksgA- strains lacking functional YopJ failed to kill macrophages but actually regained virulence in animals. Also, treatment with the antiapoptosis drug suramin prevented YopJ-mediated macrophage cytotoxicity and enhanced Y. pseudotuberculosis virulence in vivo. Our results demonstrate that Yersinia-induced cell death is detrimental for bacterial pathogenesis in this animal model of illness and indicate that positive selection has driven YopJ/P and Yersinia evolution toward diminished cytotoxicity and increased virulence, respectively.
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Xia Y, Zou R, Escouboué M, Zhong L, Zhu C, Pouzet C, Wu X, Wang Y, Lv G, Zhou H, Sun P, Ding K, Deslandes L, Yuan S, Zhang ZM. Secondary-structure switch regulates the substrate binding of a YopJ family acetyltransferase. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5969. [PMID: 34645811 PMCID: PMC8514532 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yersinia outer protein J (YopJ) family effectors are widely deployed through the type III secretion system by both plant and animal pathogens. As non-canonical acetyltransferases, the enzymatic activities of YopJ family effectors are allosterically activated by the eukaryote-specific ligand inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6). However, the underpinning molecular mechanism remains undefined. Here we present the crystal structure of apo-PopP2, a YopJ family member secreted by the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Structural comparison of apo-PopP2 with the InsP6-bound PopP2 reveals a substantial conformational readjustment centered in the substrate-binding site. Combining biochemical and computational analyses, we further identify a mechanism by which the association of InsP6 with PopP2 induces an α-helix-to-β-strand transition in the catalytic core, resulting in stabilization of the substrate recognition helix in the target protein binding site. Together, our study uncovers the molecular basis governing InsP6-mediated allosteric regulation of YopJ family acetyltransferases and further expands the paradigm of fold-switching proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xia
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongfeng Zou
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518005, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maxime Escouboué
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Liang Zhong
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengjun Zhu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cécile Pouzet
- FRAIB-TRI Imaging Platform Facilities, FR AIB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Xueqiang Wu
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjin Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Lv
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinghua Sun
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Laurent Deslandes
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518005, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China.
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Chi D, Lin X, Meng Q, Tan J, Gong Q, Tong Z. Real-Time Induction of Macrophage Apoptosis, Pyroptosis, and Necroptosis by Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF and Two Root Canal Isolated Strains. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:720147. [PMID: 34513732 PMCID: PMC8427696 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.720147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of two Enterococcus faecalis root canal isolated strains (CA1 and CA2) and of the OG1RF strain on apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in macrophages. The virulence factors of E. faecalis CA1 and CA2 pathogenic strains were annotated in the Virulence Factors Database (VFDB). E. faecalis CA1, CA2, and OG1RF strains were used to infect RAW264.7 macrophages (MOI, 100:1). We assessed the viability of intracellular and extracellular bacteria and of macrophages at 2, 6, and 12 h post-infection. We used a live cell imaging analysis system to obtain a dynamic curve of cell death after infection by each of the three E. faecalis strains. At 6 and 12 h post-infection, we quantified the mRNA expression levels of PANoptosis-related genes and proteins by RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. We identified ultrastructural changes in RAW264.7 cells infected with E. faecalis OG1RF using transmission electron microscopy. We found 145 and 160 virulence factors in the CA1 and CA2 strains, respectively. The extracellular CA1 strains grew faster than the CA2 and OG1RF strains, and the amount of intracellular viable bacteria in the OG1RF group was highest at 6 and 12 h post-infection. The macrophages in the CA1 infection group were the first to reach the maximum PI-positivity in the cell death time point curve. We found the expressions of mRNA expression of caspase-1, GSDMD, caspase-3, MLKL, RIPK3, NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 and of proteins cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD, cleaved caspase-3 and pMIKL in the macrophages of the three infection groups to be upregulated (P<0.05). We detected ultrastructural changes of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis in macrophages infected with E. faecalis. The three E. faecalis strains induced varying degrees of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis that were probably associated with PANoptosis in macrophages. The E. faecalis CA1 strain exhibited faster growth and a higher real-time MOI, and it induced higher expression levels of some PANoptosis-related genes and proteins in the infected macrophages than the other strains tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlu Chi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhen Meng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Tan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qimei Gong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongchun Tong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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41
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From pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis to PANoptosis: A mechanistic compendium of programmed cell death pathways. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4641-4657. [PMID: 34504660 PMCID: PMC8405902 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis are the most genetically well-defined programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, and they are intricately involved in both homeostasis and disease. Although the identification of key initiators, effectors and executioners in each of these three PCD pathways has historically delineated them as distinct, growing evidence has highlighted extensive crosstalk among them. These observations have led to the establishment of the concept of PANoptosis, defined as an inflammatory PCD pathway regulated by the PANoptosome complex with key features of pyroptosis, apoptosis and/or necroptosis that cannot be accounted for by any of these PCD pathways alone. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the research history of pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis. We then examine the intricate crosstalk among these PCD pathways to discuss the current evidence for PANoptosis. We also detail the molecular evidence for the assembly of the PANoptosome complex, a molecular scaffold for contemporaneous engagement of key molecules from pyroptosis, apoptosis, and/or necroptosis. PANoptosis is now known to be critically involved in many diseases, including infection, sterile inflammation and cancer, and future discovery of novel PANoptotic components will continue to broaden our understanding of the fundamental processes of cell death and inform the development of new therapeutics.
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Rufián JS, Rueda-Blanco J, López-Márquez D, Macho AP, Beuzón CR, Ruiz-Albert J. The bacterial effector HopZ1a acetylates MKK7 to suppress plant immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1138-1156. [PMID: 33960430 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas syringae type III secretion system translocates effector proteins into the host cell cytosol to suppress plant basal immunity. Effector HopZ1a suppresses local and systemic immunity triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and effectors, through target acetylation. HopZ1a has been shown to target several plant proteins, but none fully substantiates HopZ1a-associated immune suppression. Here, we investigate Arabidopsis thaliana mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs) as potential targets, focusing on AtMKK7, a positive regulator of local and systemic immunity. We analyse HopZ1a interference with AtMKK7 by translocation of HopZ1a from bacteria inoculated into Arabidopsis expressing MKK7 from an inducible promoter. Reciprocal phenotypes are analysed on plants expressing a construct quenching MKK7 native expression. We analyse HopZ1a-MKK7 interaction by three independent methods, and the relevance of acetylation by in vitro kinase and in planta functional assays. We demonstrate the AtMKK7 contribution to immune signalling showing MKK7-dependent flg22-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, MAP kinas (MAPK) activation and callose deposition, plus AvrRpt2-triggered MKK7-dependent signalling. Furthermore, we demonstrate HopZ1a suppression of all MKK7-dependent responses, HopZ1a-MKK7 interaction in planta and HopZ1a acetylation of MKK7 with a lysine required for full kinase activity. We demonstrate that HopZ1a targets AtMKK7 to suppress local and systemic plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S Rufián
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Javier Rueda-Blanco
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Diego López-Márquez
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Carmen R Beuzón
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz-Albert
- Departamento Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, E-29071, Spain
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Tian Y, Tang B, Wang C, Wang Y, Mao J, Yao Y, Gao Z, Liang R, Ye M, Cai S, Wang L. Operative ubiquitin-specific protease 22 deubiquitination confers a more invasive phenotype to cholangiocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:678. [PMID: 34226501 PMCID: PMC8257691 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) is implicated in a variety of tumours; however, evidence of its role and underlying molecular mechanisms in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development remains unknown. We collected paired tumour and adjacent non-tumour tissues from 57 intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) patients and evaluated levels of the USP22 gene and protein by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Both the mRNA and protein were significantly upregulated, correlated with the malignant invasion and worse OS of iCCA. In cell cultures, USP22 overexpression increased CCA cell proliferation and mobility, and induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Upon an interaction, USP22 deubiquitinated and stabilized sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), in conjunction with Akt/ERK activation. In implantation xenografts, USP22 overexpression stimulated tumour growth and metastasis to the lungs of mice. Conversely, the knockdown by USP22 shRNA attenuated the tumour growth and invasiveness in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, SIRT1 overexpression reversed the USP22 functional deficiency, while the knockdown acetylated TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Akt. Our present study defines USP22 as a poor prognostic predictor in iCCA that cooperates with SIRT1 and facilitates tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
- National Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Chengye Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
- National Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
| | - Jiakai Mao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yifan Yao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Zhenming Gao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Rui Liang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
| | - Shijie Cai
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Liming Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China.
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TAK1 inhibition elicits mitochondrial ROS to block intracellular bacterial colonization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023647118. [PMID: 34161265 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023647118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (MAP3K7), known as TAK1, is an intracellular signaling intermediate of inflammatory responses. However, a series of mouse Tak1 gene deletion analyses have revealed that ablation of TAK1 does not prevent but rather elicits inflammation, which is accompanied by elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This has been considered a consequence of impaired TAK1-dependent maintenance of tissue integrity. Contrary to this view, here we propose that TAK1 inhibition-induced ROS are an active cellular process that targets intracellular bacteria. Intracellular bacterial effector proteins such as Yersinia's outer membrane protein YopJ are known to inhibit TAK1 to circumvent the inflammatory host responses. We found that such TAK1 inhibition induces mitochondrial-derived ROS, which effectively destroys intracellular bacteria. Two cell death-signaling molecules, caspase 8 and RIPK3, cooperatively participate in TAK1 inhibition-induced ROS and blockade of intracellular bacterial growth. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized host defense mechanism, which is initiated by host recognition of pathogen-induced impairment in a host protein, TAK1, but not directly of pathogens.
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45
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Mooney BC, Mantz M, Graciet E, Huesgen PF. Cutting the line: manipulation of plant immunity by bacterial type III effector proteases. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3395-3409. [PMID: 33640987 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens and their hosts are engaged in an evolutionary arms race. Pathogen-derived effectors promote virulence by targeting components of a host's innate immune system, while hosts have evolved proteins that sense effectors and trigger a pathogen-specific immune response. Many bacterial effectors are translocated into host cells using type III secretion systems. Type III effector proteases irreversibly modify host proteins by cleavage of peptide bonds and are prevalent among both plant and animal bacterial pathogens. In plants, the study of model effector proteases has yielded important insights into the virulence mechanisms employed by pathogens to overcome their host's immune response, as well as into the mechanisms deployed by their hosts to detect these effector proteases and counteract their effects. In recent years, the study of a larger number of effector proteases, across a wider range of pathogens, has yielded novel insights into their functions and recognition. One key limitation that remains is the lack of methods to detect protease cleavage at the proteome-wide level. We review known substrates and mechanisms of plant pathogen type III effector proteases and compare their functions with those of known type III effector proteases of mammalian pathogens. Finally, we discuss approaches to uncover their function on a system-wide level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Mooney
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Melissa Mantz
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- CECAD, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Graciet
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-3, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- CECAD, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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46
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Alphonse N, Dickenson RE, Odendall C. Interferons: Tug of War Between Bacteria and Their Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:624094. [PMID: 33777837 PMCID: PMC7988231 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.624094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I and III interferons (IFNs) are archetypally antiviral cytokines that are induced in response to recognition of foreign material by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Though their roles in anti-viral immunity are well established, recent evidence suggests that they are also crucial mediators of inflammatory processes during bacterial infections. Type I and III IFNs restrict bacterial infection in vitro and in some in vivo contexts. IFNs mainly function through the induction of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These include PRRs and regulators of antimicrobial signaling pathways. Other ISGs directly restrict bacterial invasion or multiplication within host cells. As they regulate a diverse range of anti-bacterial host responses, IFNs are an attractive virulence target for bacterial pathogens. This review will discuss the current understanding of the bacterial effectors that manipulate the different stages of the host IFN response: IFN induction, downstream signaling pathways, and target ISGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Alphonse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E. Dickenson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Odendall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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47
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Place DE, Lee S, Kanneganti TD. PANoptosis in microbial infection. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 59:42-49. [PMID: 32829024 PMCID: PMC7438227 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune system has evolved multiple mechanisms to restrict microbial infections and regulate inflammatory responses. Without appropriate regulation, infection-induced inflammatory pathology can be deadly. The innate immune system recognizes the microbial molecules conserved in many pathogens and engages a rapid response by producing inflammatory mediators and activating programmed cell death pathways, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Activation of pattern recognition receptors, in combination with inflammatory cytokine-induced signaling through death domain-containing receptors, initiates a highly interconnected cell death process called PANoptosis (pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis). Broadly speaking, PANoptosis is critical for restricting a wide range of pathogens (including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites), which we describe in this review. We propose that re-examining the role of cell death and inflammatory cytokines through the lens of PANoptosis will advance our understanding of host-pathogen evolution and may reveal new treatment strategies for controlling a wide range of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Place
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - SangJoon Lee
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
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Canovas B, Nebreda AR. Diversity and versatility of p38 kinase signalling in health and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:346-366. [PMID: 33504982 PMCID: PMC7838852 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to deal with different types of stressful situations in a precise and coordinated manner is key for survival and involves various signalling networks. Over the past 25 years, p38 kinases — in particular, p38α — have been implicated in the cellular response to stress at many levels. These span from environmental and intracellular stresses, such as hyperosmolarity, oxidative stress or DNA damage, to physiological situations that involve important cellular changes such as differentiation. Given that p38α controls a plethora of functions, dysregulation of this pathway has been linked to diseases such as inflammation, immune disorders or cancer, suggesting the possibility that targeting p38α could be of therapeutic interest. In this Review, we discuss the organization of this signalling pathway focusing on the diversity of p38α substrates, their mechanisms and their links to particular cellular functions. We then address how the different cellular responses can be generated depending on the signal received and the cell type, and highlight the roles of this kinase in human physiology and in pathological contexts. p38α — the best-characterized member of the p38 kinase family — is a key mediator of cellular stress responses. p38α is activated by a plethora of signals and functions through a multitude of substrates to regulate different cellular behaviours. Understanding context-dependent p38α signalling provides important insights into p38α roles in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Canovas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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49
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Xu YR, Lei CQ. TAK1-TABs Complex: A Central Signalosome in Inflammatory Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608976. [PMID: 33469458 PMCID: PMC7813674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a member of the MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family and has been implicated in the regulation of a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. TAK1 functions through assembling with its binding partners TAK1-binding proteins (TAB1, TAB2, and TAB3) and can be activated by a variety of stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and toll-like receptor ligands, and they play essential roles in the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that post-translational modifications play important roles in properly controlling the activity, stability, and assembly of TAK1-TABs complex according to the indicated cellular environment. This review focuses on the recent advances in TAK1-TABs-mediated signaling and the regulations of TAK1-TABs complex by post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ran Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cao-Qi Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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50
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Muendlein HI, Connolly WM, Magri Z, Smirnova I, Ilyukha V, Gautam A, Degterev A, Poltorak A. ZBP1 promotes LPS-induced cell death and IL-1β release via RHIM-mediated interactions with RIPK1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:86. [PMID: 33397971 PMCID: PMC7782486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and cell death are closely linked arms of the host immune response to infection, which when carefully balanced ensure host survival. One example of this balance is the tightly regulated transition from TNFR1-associated pro-inflammatory complex I to pro-death complex II. By contrast, here we show that a TRIF-dependent complex containing FADD, RIPK1 and caspase-8 (that we have termed the TRIFosome) mediates cell death in response to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and LPS. Furthermore, we show that constitutive binding between ZBP1 and RIPK1 is essential for the initiation of TRIFosome interactions, caspase-8-mediated cell death and inflammasome activation, thus positioning ZBP1 as an effector of cell death in the context of bacterial blockade of pro-inflammatory signaling. Additionally, our findings offer an alternative to the TNFR1-dependent model of complex II assembly, by demonstrating pro-death complex formation reliant on TRIF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley I Muendlein
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Wilson M Connolly
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Zoie Magri
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Vladimir Ilyukha
- Petrozavodsk State Ulniversity, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185910, Russia
| | - Avishekh Gautam
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Alexander Poltorak
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Petrozavodsk State Ulniversity, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185910, Russia.
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