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Liu Y, Herr AE. DropBlot: single-cell western blotting of chemically fixed cancer cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5888. [PMID: 39003254 PMCID: PMC11246512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Archived patient-derived tissue specimens play a central role in understanding disease and developing therapies. To address specificity and sensitivity shortcomings of existing single-cell resolution proteoform analysis tools, we introduce a hybrid microfluidic platform (DropBlot) designed for proteoform analyses in chemically fixed single cells. DropBlot serially integrates droplet-based encapsulation and lysis of single fixed cells, with on-chip microwell-based antigen retrieval, with single-cell western blotting of target antigens. A water-in-oil droplet formulation withstands the harsh chemical (SDS, 6 M urea) and thermal conditions (98 °C, 1-2 hr) required for effective antigen retrieval, and supports analysis of retrieved protein targets by single-cell electrophoresis. We demonstrate protein-target retrieval from unfixed, paraformaldehyde-fixed (PFA), and methanol-fixed cells. Key protein targets (HER2, GAPDH, EpCAM, Vimentin) retrieved from PFA-fixed cells were resolved and immunoreactive. Relevant to biorepositories, DropBlot profiled targets retrieved from human-derived breast tumor specimens archived for six years, offering a workflow for single-cell protein-biomarker analysis of sparing biospecimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Amy E Herr
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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2
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Scholefield M, Church SJ, Philbert S, Xu J, Patassini S, Cooper GJS. Human dementia with Lewy bodies brain shows widespread urea elevations. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 124:107017. [PMID: 38788611 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several recent studies have uncovered the presence of widespread urea elevations in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), vascular dementia (VaD), and Huntington's disease (HD). However, it is currently unknown whether dementia with Lewy bodies also shows these alterations in urea. This study aimed to investigate if and where urea is perturbed in the DLB brain. METHODS Tissues from ten brain regions were obtained from 20 diagnosed cases of DLB and 19 controls. Urea concentrations were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Case-control differences were assessed by nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests, and s-values, E-values, effect sizes, and risk ratios were determined for each brain region. The results were compared to those previously obtained for AD, PDD, VaD, and HD. RESULTS As with other previously investigated dementia diseases, DLB shows widespread urea elevations, affecting all ten regions investigated in the current study; the degree of these elevations is lower than that seen in AD or PDD, similar to that seen in HD, and higher than that observed in VaD. The highest urea fold-change was observed in the pons and the lowest in the primary visual cortex. CONCLUSION Urea elevations appear to be a shared alterations across at least five neurodegenerative diseases, despite their many differences in clinical and neuropathological presentation. The cause and effects of this perturbation should be the focus of future studies, for its possible contributions to the pathology of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Scholefield
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Sasha Philbert
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
| | - Jingshu Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Stefano Patassini
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92 019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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3
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Awwad A, Rhee EP, Grams M, Choles HR, Sondheimer J, He J, Chen J, Hsu CY, Vasan RS, Kimmel PL, Wulczyn K, Berg A, Lash J, Tang M, Kalim S. Comparative CKD risk prediction using homocitrulline and carbamylated albumin: two circulating markers of protein carbamylation. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:185. [PMID: 38816682 PMCID: PMC11140876 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein carbamylation, a post-translational protein modification primarily driven by urea, independently associates with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CKD. Biomarkers used to quantify carbamylation burden have mainly included carbamylated albumin (C-Alb) and homocitrulline (HCit, carbamylated lysine). In this study, we aimed to compare the prognostic utility of these two markers in order to facilitate comparisons of existing studies employing either marker alone, and to inform future carbamylation studies. METHODS Both serum C-Alb and free HCit levels were assayed from the same timepoint in 1632 individuals with CKD stages 2-4 enrolled in the prospective Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess risks for the outcomes of death (primary) and end stage kidney disease (ESKD) using each marker. C-statistics, net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement were used to compare the prognostic value of each marker. RESULTS Participant demographics included mean (SD) age 59 (11) years; 702 (43%) females; 700 (43%) white. C-Alb and HCit levels were positively correlated with one another (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.64). Higher C-Alb and HCit levels showed similar increased risk of death (e.g., the adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for death in the 4th carbamylation quartile compared to the 1st was 1.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-2.66) for C-Alb, and 1.89 [1.27-2.81] for HCit; and on a continuous scale, the adjusted HR for death using C-Alb was 1.24 [1.11 to 1.39] per standard deviation increase, and 1.27 [1.10-1.46] using HCit). Both biomarkers also had similar HRs for ESKD. The C-statistics were similar when adding each carbamylation biomarker to base models (e.g., for mortality models, the C-statistic was 0.725 [0.707-0.743] with C-Alb and 0.725 [0.707-0.743] with HCit, both compared to a base model 0.723). Similarities were also observed for the net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement metrics. CONCLUSIONS C-Alb and HCit had similar performance across multiple prognostic assessments. The markers appear readily comparable in CKD epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Awwad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eugene P Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morgan Grams
- Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hernan Rincon Choles
- Department of Nephrology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James Sondheimer
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chi-Yuan Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Sections of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology and Cardiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul L Kimmel
- Division of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kendra Wulczyn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders Berg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jim Lash
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mengyao Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sahir Kalim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang H, Zhao L, Yang L, Ge M, Yang X, Gao Z, Cun Y, Xiao F, Kong Q. Scrutiny of genome-wide somatic mutation profiles in centenarians identifies the key genomic regions for human longevity. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13916. [PMID: 37400997 PMCID: PMC10776117 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations accumulate with age and are associated closely with human health, their characterization in longevity cohorts remains largely unknown. Here, by analyzing whole genome somatic mutation profiles in 73 centenarians and 51 younger controls in China, we found that centenarian genomes are characterized by a markedly skewed distribution of somatic mutations, with many genomic regions being specifically conserved but displaying a high function potential. This, together with the observed more efficient DNA repair ability in the long-lived individuals, supports the existence of key genomic regions for human survival during aging, with their integrity being of essential to human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Li‐Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Ming‐Xia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Xing‐Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Zong‐Liang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Yu‐Peng Cun
- Pediatric Research Institute/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and DisordersChildren's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Fu‐Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Qing‐Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesKunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and GeneticsChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
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5
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Riggs PK, Anderson AM, Tang B, Rubin LH, Morgello S, Marra CM, Gelman BB, Clifford DB, Franklin D, Heaton RK, Ellis RJ, Fennema-Notestine C, Letendre SL. Elevated Plasma Protein Carbonyl Concentration Is Associated with More Abnormal White Matter in People with HIV. Viruses 2023; 15:2410. [PMID: 38140650 PMCID: PMC10747698 DOI: 10.3390/v15122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural brain abnormalities, including those in white matter (WM), remain common in people with HIV (PWH). Their pathogenesis is uncertain and may reflect multiple etiologies. Oxidative stress is associated with inflammation, HIV, and its comorbidities. The post-translational carbonylation of proteins results from oxidative stress, and circulating protein carbonyls may reflect this. In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated the associations between protein carbonyls and a panel of soluble biomarkers of neuronal injury and inflammation in plasma (N = 45) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF, n = 32) with structural brain MRI. The volume of abnormal WM was normalized for the total WM volume (nAWM). In this multisite project, all regression models were adjusted for the scanner. The candidate covariates included demographics, HIV disease characteristics, and comorbidities. Participants were PWH on virally suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and were mostly white (64.4%) men (88.9%), with a mean age of 56.8 years. In unadjusted analyses, more nAWM was associated with higher plasma protein carbonyls (p = 0.002) and higher CCL2 (p = 0.045). In the adjusted regression models for nAWM, the association with plasma protein carbonyls remained significant (FDR p = 0.018). Protein carbonyls in plasma may be a valuable biomarker of oxidative stress and its associated adverse health effects, including within the central nervous system. If confirmed, these findings would support the hypothesis that reducing oxidative stress could treat or prevent WM injury in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K. Riggs
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Albert M. Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Leah H. Rubin
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Susan Morgello
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Pathology, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christina M. Marra
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin B. Gelman
- Departments of Pathology, and Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - David B. Clifford
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Donald Franklin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert K. Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ronald J. Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Scott L. Letendre
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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6
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Roth L, Dogan S, Tuna BG, Aranyi T, Benitez S, Borrell-Pages M, Bozaykut P, De Meyer GRY, Duca L, Durmus N, Fonseca D, Fraenkel E, Gillery P, Giudici A, Jaisson S, Johansson M, Julve J, Lucas-Herald AK, Martinet W, Maurice P, McDonnell BJ, Ozbek EN, Pucci G, Pugh CJA, Rochfort KD, Roks AJM, Rotllan N, Shadiow J, Sohrabi Y, Spronck B, Szeri F, Terentes-Printzios D, Tunc Aydin E, Tura-Ceide O, Ucar E, Yetik-Anacak G. Pharmacological modulation of vascular ageing: A review from VascAgeNet. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102122. [PMID: 37956927 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Vascular ageing, characterized by structural and functional changes in blood vessels of which arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are key components, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and other age-related diseases. As the global population continues to age, understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic interventions to mitigate vascular ageing becomes crucial for improving cardiovascular health outcomes. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge on pharmacological modulation of vascular ageing, highlighting key strategies and promising therapeutic targets. Several molecular pathways have been identified as central players in vascular ageing, including oxidative stress and inflammation, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, cellular senescence, macroautophagy, extracellular matrix remodelling, calcification, and gasotransmitter-related signalling. Pharmacological and dietary interventions targeting these pathways have shown potential in ameliorating age-related vascular changes. Nevertheless, the development and application of drugs targeting vascular ageing is complicated by various inherent challenges and limitations, such as certain preclinical methodological considerations, interactions with exercise training and sex/gender-related differences, which should be taken into account. Overall, pharmacological modulation of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness as hallmarks of vascular ageing, holds great promise for improving cardiovascular health in the ageing population. Nonetheless, further research is needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the efficacy and safety of these interventions for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Soner Dogan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Bilge Guvenc Tuna
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Tamas Aranyi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sonia Benitez
- CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Perinur Bozaykut
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2 "Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France
| | - Nergiz Durmus
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Diogo Fonseca
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emil Fraenkel
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Philippe Gillery
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2 "Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Alessandro Giudici
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Jaisson
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2 "Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie-Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | | | - Josep Julve
- CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pascal Maurice
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Team 2 "Matrix Aging and Vascular Remodelling", Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France
| | - Barry J McDonnell
- Centre for Cardiovascular Health and Ageing, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emine Nur Ozbek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Christopher J A Pugh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Health and Ageing, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Keith D Rochfort
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy, and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Disease and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- CIBER de Diabetes y enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Pathophysiology of lipid-related diseases, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Shadiow
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Molecular Cardiology, Dept. of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Flora Szeri
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elif Tunc Aydin
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBGI, Girona, Spain; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eda Ucar
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Gunay Yetik-Anacak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkiye; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acıbadem Mehmet Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkiye.
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7
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Park JYC, King A, Björk V, English BW, Fedintsev A, Ewald CY. Strategic outline of interventions targeting extracellular matrix for promoting healthy longevity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C90-C128. [PMID: 37154490 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of interlinked proteins outside of cells, is an important component of the human body that helps maintain tissue architecture and cellular homeostasis. As people age, the ECM undergoes changes that can lead to age-related morbidity and mortality. Despite its importance, ECM aging remains understudied in the field of geroscience. In this review, we discuss the core concepts of ECM integrity, outline the age-related challenges and subsequent pathologies and diseases, summarize diagnostic methods detecting a faulty ECM, and provide strategies targeting ECM homeostasis. To conceptualize this, we built a technology research tree to hierarchically visualize possible research sequences for studying ECM aging. This strategic framework will hopefully facilitate the development of future research on interventions to restore ECM integrity, which could potentially lead to the development of new drugs or therapeutic interventions promoting health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Cecilia Park
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Aaron King
- Foresight Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | - Bradley W English
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Collin Y Ewald
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Regeneration, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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8
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Batsalova T, Dzhambazov B. Significance of Type II Collagen Posttranslational Modifications: From Autoantigenesis to Improved Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9884. [PMID: 37373030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen type II (COL2), the main structural protein of hyaline cartilage, is considerably affected by autoimmune responses associated with the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play a significant role in the formation of the COL2 molecule and supramolecular fibril organization, and thus, support COL2 function, which is crucial for normal cartilage structure and physiology. Conversely, the specific PTMs of the protein (carbamylation, glycosylation, citrullination, oxidative modifications and others) have been implicated in RA autoimmunity. The discovery of the anti-citrullinated protein response in RA, which includes anti-citrullinated COL2 reactivity, has led to the development of improved diagnostic assays and classification criteria for the disease. The induction of immunological tolerance using modified COL2 peptides has been highlighted as a potentially effective strategy for RA therapy. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the recent knowledge on COL2 posttranslational modifications with relevance to RA pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. The significance of COL2 PTMs as a source of neo-antigens that activate immunity leading to or sustaining RA autoimmunity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Batsalova
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Balik Dzhambazov
- Faculty of Biology, Paisii Hilendarski University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Kalim S, Zhao S, Tang M, Rhee EP, Allegretti AS, Nigwekar S, Karumanchi SA, Lash JP, Berg AH. Protein Carbamylation and the Risk of ESKD in Patients with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:876-885. [PMID: 36757153 PMCID: PMC10125635 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Protein carbamylation, a nonenzymatic post-translational protein modification partially driven by elevated blood urea levels, associates with mortality and adverse outcomes in patients with ESKD on dialysis. However, little is known about carbamylation's relationship to clinical outcomes in the much larger population of patients with earlier stages of CKD. In this prospective observational cohort study of 3111 individuals with CKD stages 2-4, higher levels of carbamylated albumin (a marker of protein carbamylation burden) were associated with a greater risk of developing ESKD and other significant adverse clinical outcomes. These findings indicate that protein carbamylation is an independent risk factor for CKD progression. They suggest that further study of therapeutic interventions to prevent or reduce carbamylation is warranted. BACKGROUND Protein carbamylation, a post-translational protein modification partially driven by elevated blood urea levels, associates with adverse outcomes in ESKD. However, little is known about protein carbamylation's relationship to clinical outcomes in the much larger population of patients with earlier stages of CKD. METHODS To test associations between protein carbamylation and the primary outcome of progression to ESKD, we measured baseline serum carbamylated albumin (C-Alb) in 3111 patients with CKD stages 2-4 enrolled in the prospective observational Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study. RESULTS The mean age of study participants was 59 years (SD 10.8); 1358 (43.7%) were female, and 1334 (42.9%) were White. The mean eGFR at the time of C-Alb assessment was 41.8 (16.4) ml/minute per 1.73 m 2 , and the median C-Alb value was 7.8 mmol/mol (interquartile range, 5.8-10.7). During an average of 7.9 (4.1) years of follow-up, 981 (31.5%) individuals developed ESKD. In multivariable adjusted Cox models, higher C-Alb (continuous or quartiles) independently associated with an increased risk of ESKD. For example, compared with quartile 1 (C-Alb ≤5.80 mmol/mol), those in quartile 4 (C-Alb >10.71 mmol/mol) had a greater risk for ESKD (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.75 to 2.99), and the ESKD incidence rate per 1000 patient-years increased from 15.7 to 88.5 from quartile 1 to quartile 4. The results remained significant across numerous subgroup analyses, when treating death as a competing event, and using different assessments of eGFR. CONCLUSIONS Having a higher level of protein carbamylation as measured by circulating C-Alb is an independent risk factor for ESKD in individuals with CKD stages 2-4. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/JASN/2023_04_24_JSN_URE_EP22_042423.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahir Kalim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sophia Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Analytica Now, Brookline, Massachusetts
| | - Mengyao Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugene P. Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew S. Allegretti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sagar Nigwekar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - James P. Lash
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anders H. Berg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Tanaka M, Takarada T, Nadanaka S, Kojima R, Hosoi K, Machiba Y, Kitagawa H, Yamada T. Influences of amino-terminal modifications on amyloid fibril formation of human serum amyloid A. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 742:109615. [PMID: 37105512 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Human serum amyloid A (SAA) is a precursor protein involved in AA amyloidosis. The N-terminal region of the SAA molecule is crucial for amyloid fibril formation, and therefore modifications in this region are considered to influence the pathogenesis of AA amyloidosis. In the present study, using the N-terminal peptide corresponding to the putative first helix region of the SAA molecule, we investigated the influences of N-terminal modifications on amyloid fibril formation. Spectroscopic analyses revealed that carbamoylation of the N-terminal amino group delayed the onset of amyloid fibril formation. From transmission electron microscopic observations, the N-terminal carbamoylated aggregate showed remarkably different morphologies from the unmodified control. In contrast, acetylation of the N-terminal amino group or truncation of N-terminal amino acid(s) considerably diminished amyloidogenic properties. Furthermore, we also tested the cell toxicity of each peptide aggregate on cultured cells by two cytotoxic assays. Irrespective of carbamoylation or acetylation, MTT assay revealed that SAA peptides reduced the reductive activity of MTT on cells, whereas no apparent increase in LDH release was observed during an LDH assay. In contrast, N-terminal truncation did not affect either MTT reduction or LDH release. These results suggest that N-terminal modification of SAA molecules can act as a switch to regulate susceptibility to AA amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Toru Takarada
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Satomi Nadanaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Risa Kojima
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kimiko Hosoi
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yuki Machiba
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
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12
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Jaisson S, Desmons A, Doué M, Gorisse L, Pietrement C, Gillery P. Measurement of Homocitrulline, A Carbamylation-derived Product, in Serum and Tissues by LC-MS/MS. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e762. [PMID: 37097220 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbamylation corresponds to the nonenzymatic binding of isocyanic acid to protein amino groups and participates in protein molecular aging, characterized by the alteration of their structural and functional properties. Carbamylated proteins exert deleterious effects in vivo and are involved in the progression of various diseases, including atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Therefore, there is a growing interest in evaluating the carbamylation rate of blood or tissue proteins, since carbamylation-derived products (CDPs) constitute valuable biomarkers in these contexts. Homocitrulline, formed by isocyanic acid covalently attaching to the ε-NH2 group of lysine residue side chain, is the most characteristic CDP. Sensitive and specific quantification of homocitrulline requires mass spectrometry-based methods. This article describes a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of homocitrulline, with special emphasis on preanalytical steps that allow quantification of total or protein-bound homocitrulline in serum or tissue samples. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Sample pretreatment for the quantification of homocitrulline by LC-MS/MS Alternate Protocol: Preanalytical steps for the quantification of homocitrulline in tissue samples Basic Protocol 2: LC-MS/MS quantification of homocitrulline Basic Protocol 3: LC-MS/MS quantification of lysine in hydrolysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Jaisson
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CNRS/URCA UMR N°7369 Extracellular Matrix and Cell Dynamics, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Laboratory of Pediatric Biology and Research, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Aurore Desmons
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CNRS/URCA UMR N°7369 Extracellular Matrix and Cell Dynamics, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Laboratory of Pediatric Biology and Research, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Manon Doué
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CNRS/URCA UMR N°7369 Extracellular Matrix and Cell Dynamics, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Laëtitia Gorisse
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CNRS/URCA UMR N°7369 Extracellular Matrix and Cell Dynamics, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Christine Pietrement
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CNRS/URCA UMR N°7369 Extracellular Matrix and Cell Dynamics, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Department of Pediatrics (Nephrology unit), University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CNRS/URCA UMR N°7369 Extracellular Matrix and Cell Dynamics, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Laboratory of Pediatric Biology and Research, University Hospital of Reims, Reims, France
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Hu SH, Feng YY, Yang YX, Ma HD, Zhou SX, Qiao YN, Zhang KH, Zhang L, Huang L, Yuan YY, Lin Y, Zhang XY, Li Y, Li HT, Zhao JY, Xu W, Zhao SM. Amino acids downregulate SIRT4 to detoxify ammonia through the urea cycle. Nat Metab 2023; 5:626-641. [PMID: 37081161 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia production via glutamate dehydrogenase is inhibited by SIRT4, a sirtuin that displays both amidase and non-amidase activities. The processes underlying the regulation of ammonia removal by amino acids remain unclear. Here, we report that SIRT4 acts as a decarbamylase that responds to amino acid sufficiency and regulates ammonia removal. Amino acids promote lysine 307 carbamylation (OTCCP-K307) of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), which activates OTC and the urea cycle. Proteomic and interactome screening identified OTC as a substrate of SIRT4. SIRT4 decarbamylates OTCCP-K307 and inactivates OTC in an NAD+-dependent manner. SIRT4 expression was transcriptionally upregulated by the amino acid insufficiency-activated GCN2-eIF2α-ATF4 axis. SIRT4 knockout in cultured cells caused higher OTCCP-K307 levels, activated OTC, elevated urea cycle intermediates and urea production via amino acid catabolism. Sirt4 ablation decreased male mouse blood ammonia levels and ameliorated CCl4-induced hepatic encephalopathy phenotypes. We reveal that SIRT4 safeguards cellular ammonia toxicity during amino acid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hua Hu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yang Feng
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, China
| | - Yuan-Xin Yang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Da Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Xian Zhou
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Nan Qiao
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Hui Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Huang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Yuan
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lin
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, China
| | - Xin-Yan Zhang
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, China
| | - Yao Li
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Tao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, China.
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodelling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, College of Pharmacy, Qinghai University for Nationalities, Xining, China.
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Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and metabolic acidosis: Potential mechanisms and clinical consequences. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114197. [PMID: 36916426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic acidosis is frequent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with accelerated progression of CKD, hypercatabolism, bone disease, hyperkalemia, and mortality. Clinical guidelines recommend a target serum bicarbonate ≥ 22 mmol/L, but metabolic acidosis frequently remains undiagnosed and untreated. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) binds potassium in the gut and is approved to treat hyperkalemia. In clinical trials with a primary endpoint of serum potassium, SZC increased serum bicarbonate, thus treating CKD-associated metabolic acidosis. The increase in serum bicarbonate was larger in patients with more severe pre-existent metabolic acidosis, was associated to decreased serum urea and was maintained for over a year of SZC therapy. SZC also decreased serum urea and increased serum bicarbonate after switching from a potassium-binding resin in normokalemic individuals. Mechanistically, these findings are consistent with SZC binding the ammonium ion (NH4+) generated from urea by gut microbial urease, preventing its absorption and, thus, preventing the liver regeneration of urea and promoting the fecal excretion of H+. This mechanism of action may potentially result in benefits dependent on corrected metabolic acidosis (e.g., improved well-being, decreased catabolism, improved CKD mineral bone disorder, better control of serum phosphate, slower progression of CKD) and dependent on lower urea levels, such as decreased protein carbamylation. A roadmap is provided to guide research into the mechanisms and clinical consequences of the impact of SZC on serum bicarbonate and urate.
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15
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Sharkey TD. The discovery of rubisco. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:510-519. [PMID: 35689795 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rubisco is possibly the most important enzyme on Earth, certainly in terms of amount. This review describes the initial reports of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylating activity. Discoveries of core concepts are described, including its quaternary structure, the requirement for post-translational modification, and its role as an oxygenase as well as a carboxylase. Finally, the requirement for numerous chaperonins for assembly of rubisco in plants is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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16
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Chen J, Liu J, Wang Z, Xu J, Tao J, Li H. High expression level of homocitrulline is correlated with seborrheic keratosis and skin aging. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:324-330. [PMID: 36610814 PMCID: PMC10173058 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Homocitrulline (Hcit), is involved in the pathological processes of some diseases. However, the role and function of Hcit (CBL) in human skin remains largely obscure. OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation of the level of Hcit in seborrheic keratosis, skin aging, and its clinical significance. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the level of Hcit in skin lesions of seborrheic keratosis (SK), unaffected skin (distant 0.5 centimeters from SK lesion), and normal skin of healthy subjects in the control group. ELISA test was used to detect the serum level of CBL in SK patients and healthy subjects of different ages. RESULTS Hcit was mainly localized in the nucleus of epidermal cells. In healthy control skin, the expression of Hcit increased with age and showed a positive correlation with age (the correlation coefficient was 0.806, p = 0.0002). The expressional level of Hcit in SK lesions was higher than that in healthy control skin (Z = -3.703, p = 0.0002). The serum level of CBL in healthy subjects and in SK patients increased with age (the correlation coefficient were 0.5763, p = 0.0032; 0.682, p = 0.004. respectively). The serum level of CBL in SK patients was higher than that in healthy subjects (Z = -2.19, p = 0.030). STUDY LIMITATIONS The small serum sample size in the study. CONCLUSION The high expressional level of Hcit is correlated with seborrheic keratosis and skin aging. Hcit may be one of the potential biomarkers of skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiandan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jia Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Hualing Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China; Jiangsu Key laboratory of Experimental and Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, PR China.
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17
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Guvatova ZG, Borisov PV, Alekseev AA, Moskalev AA. Age-Related Changes in Extracellular Matrix. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1535-1551. [PMID: 36717445 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922120112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an extracellular tissue structure that, in addition to mechanical support to the cell, is involved in regulation of many cellular processes, including chemical transport, growth, migration, differentiation, and cell senescence. Age-related changes in the structure and composition of the matrix and increase of ECM stiffness with age affect functioning of many tissues and contribute to the development of various pathological conditions. This review considers age-related changes of ECM in various tissues and organs, in particular, effect of ECM changes on aging is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiia G Guvatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 129226, Russia
| | - Pavel V Borisov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A Alekseev
- Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 129226, Russia
| | - Alexey A Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 129226, Russia
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18
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Bayly-Jones C, Lupton CJ, Fritz C, Venugopal H, Ramsbeck D, Wermann M, Jäger C, de Marco A, Schilling S, Schlenzig D, Whisstock JC. Helical ultrastructure of the metalloprotease meprin α in complex with a small molecule inhibitor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6178. [PMID: 36261433 PMCID: PMC9581967 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc-dependent metalloprotease meprin α is predominantly expressed in the brush border membrane of proximal tubules in the kidney and enterocytes in the small intestine and colon. In normal tissue homeostasis meprin α performs key roles in inflammation, immunity, and extracellular matrix remodelling. Dysregulated meprin α is associated with acute kidney injury, sepsis, urinary tract infection, metastatic colorectal carcinoma, and inflammatory bowel disease. Accordingly, meprin α is the target of drug discovery programs. In contrast to meprin β, meprin α is secreted into the extracellular space, whereupon it oligomerises to form giant assemblies and is the largest extracellular protease identified to date (~6 MDa). Here, using cryo-electron microscopy, we determine the high-resolution structure of the zymogen and mature form of meprin α, as well as the structure of the active form in complex with a prototype small molecule inhibitor and human fetuin-B. Our data reveal that meprin α forms a giant, flexible, left-handed helical assembly of roughly 22 nm in diameter. We find that oligomerisation improves proteolytic and thermal stability but does not impact substrate specificity or enzymatic activity. Furthermore, structural comparison with meprin β reveal unique features of the active site of meprin α, and helical assembly more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Bayly-Jones
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher J. Lupton
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Claudia Fritz
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | - Hariprasad Venugopal
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC Australia
| | - Daniel Ramsbeck
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Wermann
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Alex de Marco
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Stephan Schilling
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany ,grid.427932.90000 0001 0692 3664Hochschule Anhalt, University of Applied Sciences, Köthen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Schlenzig
- grid.418008.50000 0004 0494 3022Department for Drug Design and Target Validation (IZI-MWT), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Halle, Germany
| | - James C. Whisstock
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857EMBL Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia ,grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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19
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Shin HE, Won CW, Kim M. Metabolomic profiles to explore biomarkers of severe sarcopenia in older men: A pilot study. Exp Gerontol 2022; 167:111924. [PMID: 35963453 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of sarcopenia is complex and multifactorial; however, it has not yet been fully elucidated. Identifying metabolomic profiles may help clarify the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE This pilot study explored potential noninvasive biomarkers of severe sarcopenia through metabolomic analysis in community-dwelling older men. METHODS Twenty older men (mean age: 81.9 ± 2.8 years) were selected from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Participants with severe sarcopenia (n = 10) were compared with non-sarcopenic, age- and body mass index-matched controls (n = 10). Severe sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and low physical performance using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Non-targeted metabolomic profiling of plasma metabolites was performed using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry and absolute quantification was performed in target metabolites. RESULTS Among 191 plasma metabolic peaks, the concentrations of 10 metabolites significantly differed between severe sarcopenia group and non-sarcopenic controls. The plasma concentrations of L-alanine, homocitrulline, N-acetylserine, gluconic acid, N-acetylalanine, proline, and sulfotyrosine were higher, while those of 4-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, and tryptophan were lower in participants with severe sarcopenia than in non-sarcopenic controls (all, p < 0.05). Among the 53 metabolites quantified as target metabolites, L-alanine (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.760; p = 0.049), gluconic acid (AUC = 0.800; p = 0.023), proline (AUC = 0.785; p = 0.031), and tryptophan (AUC = 0.800; p = 0.023) determined the presence of severe sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS Plasma metabolomic analysis demonstrated that L-alanine, gluconic acid, proline, and tryptophan may be potential biomarkers of severe sarcopenia. The identified metabolites can provide new insights into the underlying pathophysiology of severe sarcopenia and serve as the basis for preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Eun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
| | - Miji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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20
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Hibiscus, Rooibos, and Yerba Mate for Healthy Aging: A Review on the Attenuation of In Vitro and In Vivo Markers Related to Oxidative Stress, Glycoxidation, and Neurodegeneration. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121676. [PMID: 35741873 PMCID: PMC9222775 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is currently undergoing a demographic change towards an increasing number of elderly citizens. Aging is characterized by a temporal decline in physiological capacity, and oxidative stress is a hallmark of aging and age-related disorders. Such an oxidative state is linked to a decrease in the effective mechanisms of cellular repair, the incidence of post-translational protein glycation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurodegeneration, just to name some of the markers contributing to the establishment of age-related reduction-oxidation, or redox, imbalance. Currently, there are no prescribed therapies to control oxidative stress; however, there are strategies to elevate antioxidant defenses and overcome related health challenges based on the adoption of nutritional therapies. It is well known that herbal teas such, as hibiscus, rooibos, and yerba mate, are important sources of antioxidants, able to prevent some oxidation-related stresses. These plants produce several bioactive metabolites, have a pleasant taste, and a long-lasting history as safe foods. This paper reviews the literature on hibiscus, rooibos, and yerba mate teas in the context of nutritional strategies for the attenuation of oxidative stress-related glycoxidation and neurodegeneration, and, here, Alzheimer’s Disease is approached as an example. The focus is given to mechanisms of glycation inhibition, as well as neuroprotective in vitro effects, and, in animal studies, to frame interest in these plants as nutraceutical agents related to current health concerns.
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21
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Ntasi G, Palomo IR, Marino G, Piaz FD, Sirano F, Cappellini E, Birolo L, Petrone P. Molecular signatures written in bone proteins of 79 AD victims from Herculaneum and Pompeii. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8401. [PMID: 35624181 PMCID: PMC9142588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive proteomic analysis was performed on a set of 12 bones of human victims of the eruption that in AD 79 rapidly buried Pompeii and Herculaneum, allowing the detection of molecular signatures imprinted in the surviving protein components. Bone collagen survived the heat of the eruption, bearing a piece of individual biological history encoded in chemical modifications. Here we show that the human bone proteomes from Pompeii are more degraded than those from the inhabitants of Herculaneum, despite the latter were exposed to temperatures much higher than those experienced in Pompeii. The analysis of the specimens from Pompeii shows lower content of non-collagenous proteins, higher deamidation level and higher extent of collagen modification. In Pompeii, the slow decomposition of victims' soft tissues in the natural dry-wet hydrogeological soil cycles damaged their bone proteome more than what was experienced at Herculaneum by the rapid vanishing of body tissues from intense heat, under the environmental condition of a permanent waterlogged burial context. Results herein presented are the first proteomic analyses of bones exposed to eruptive conditions, but also delivered encouraging results for potential biomarkers that might also impact future development of forensic bone proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Ntasi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ismael Rodriguez Palomo
- Evolutionary Genomics Section, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gennaro Marino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Humanities, University Suor Orsola Benincasa, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Cappellini
- Evolutionary Genomics Section, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leila Birolo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. .,Task Force Di Ateneo "Metodologie Analitiche per la Salvaguardia dei Beni Culturali", University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Petrone
- Task Force Di Ateneo "Metodologie Analitiche per la Salvaguardia dei Beni Culturali", University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Departmental Section of Legal Medicine, Anatomy and Histology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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22
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Cook K, Xue W, Atabani S, Symonds P, Al Omari A, Daniels I, Shah S, Choudhury RH, Weston D, Metheringham R, Brentville V, Durrant L. Vaccine Can Induce CD4-Mediated Responses to Homocitrullinated Peptides via Multiple HLA-Types and Confer Anti-Tumor Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873947. [PMID: 35464453 PMCID: PMC9028767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocitrullination is the post translation modification (PTM) of the amino acid lysine to homocitrulline also referred to as carbamylation. This PTM has mainly been studied in relation to autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. Homocitrullination of lysines alters their charge which can lead to generation of neoepitopes that are differentially presented by MHC-II and induce modification-specific immune responses. Homocitrullination is often considered a process which triggers autoimmune disease by bypassing self-tolerance however, we suggest that homocitrullination may also have an alternative role in immune responses including protection against cancer. Here we demonstrate that immune responses to homocitrullinated peptides from three different proteins can be induced via multiple HLA-types. Immunization of Balb/c or HLA-transgenic DR4 and DR1 mice can induce modification-specific CD4 mediated IFNγ responses. Healthy human donors show a clear repertoire for the homocitrullinated Vimentin peptide (Vim116-135Hcit), with modification-specific and oligoclonal responses. Importantly, in vivo homocitrulline specific Vim116-135Hcit,Cyk8 371-388Hcit and Aldo 140-157Hcit responses are able to confer an anti-tumor effect in the murine B16 melanoma model. The Vim116-135Hcit anti-tumor response was dependent upon tumor expression of MHC-II suggesting the direct recognition of PTMs on tumor is an important anti-tumor mechanism. Cancer patients also have a CD4 repertoire for Vim116-135Hcit. Together these results suggest that homocitrulline-specific immune responses can be generated in healthy mice and detected in human donors through a variety of HLA-restrictions. Immunization can induce responses to Vim116-135Hcit,Aldolase 140-157Hcit and Cyk8 371-388Hcit which provide anti-tumor therapy across several HLA-types. Our results advance our understanding of homocitrulline-specific immune responses, with implications for a number of fields beyond autoimmunity, including tumor immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Cook
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Xue
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Suha Atabani
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- The Cancer Vaccine Group, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Symonds
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abdullah Al Omari
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Daniels
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sabaria Shah
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ruhul Hasan Choudhury
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daisy Weston
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Metheringham
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Brentville
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lindy Durrant
- Scancell Limited, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- The Cancer Vaccine Group, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Lindy Durrant,
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23
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Pawloski W, Komiyama T, Kougentakis C, Majumdar A, Fushman D. Site-Specific Detection and Characterization of Ubiquitin Carbamylation. Biochemistry 2022; 61:712-721. [PMID: 35380792 PMCID: PMC9173829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The physiological consequences of varying in vivo CO2 levels point to a general mechanism for CO2 to influence cellular homeostasis beyond regulating pH. Aside from a few instances where CO2 has been observed to cause post-translational protein modification, by forming long-lived carbamates, little is known about how transitory and ubiquitous carbamylation events could induce a physiological response. Ubiquitin is a versatile protein involved in a multitude of cellular signaling pathways as polymeric chains of various lengths formed through one of the seven lysines or N-terminal amine. Unique polyubiquitin (polyUb) compositions present recognition signals for specific ubiquitin-receptors which enables this one protein to be involved in many different cellular processes. Advances in proteomic methods have allowed the capture and identification of protein carbamates in vivo, and Ub was found carbamylated at lysines K48 and K33. This was shown to negatively regulate ubiquitin-mediated signaling by inhibiting polyUb chain formation. Here, we expand upon these observations by characterizing the carbamylation susceptibility for all Ub amines simultaneously. Using NMR methods which directly probe 15N resonances, we determined carbamylation rates under various environmental conditions and related them to the intrinsic pKas. Our results show that the relatively low pKas for half of the Ub amines are correlated with enhanced susceptibility to carbamylation under physiological conditions. Two of these carbamylated amines, not observed by chemical capture, appear to be physiologically relevant post-translational modifications. These findings point to a mechanism for varying the levels of CO2 due to intracellular localization, cellular stresses, and metabolism to affect certain polyUb-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Westley Pawloski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Teppei Komiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Christos Kougentakis
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ananya Majumdar
- Biomolecular NMR Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David Fushman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Organization, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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24
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Dyakin VV, Uversky VN. Arrow of Time, Entropy, and Protein Folding: Holistic View on Biochirality. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073687. [PMID: 35409047 PMCID: PMC8998916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chirality is a universal phenomenon, embracing the space–time domains of non-organic and organic nature. The biological time arrow, evident in the aging of proteins and organisms, should be linked to the prevalent biomolecular chirality. This hypothesis drives our exploration of protein aging, in relation to the biological aging of an organism. Recent advances in the chirality discrimination methods and theoretical considerations of the non-equilibrium thermodynamics clarify the fundamental issues, concerning the biphasic, alternative, and stepwise changes in the conformational entropy associated with protein folding. Living cells represent open, non-equilibrium, self-organizing, and dissipative systems. The non-equilibrium thermodynamics of cell biology are determined by utilizing the energy stored, transferred, and released, via adenosine triphosphate (ATP). At the protein level, the synthesis of a homochiral polypeptide chain of L-amino acids (L-AAs) represents the first state in the evolution of the dynamic non-equilibrium state of the system. At the next step the non-equilibrium state of a protein-centric system is supported and amended by a broad set of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). The enzymatic phosphorylation, being the most abundant and ATP-driven form of PTMs, illustrates the principal significance of the energy-coupling, in maintaining and reshaping the system. However, the physiological functions of phosphorylation are under the permanent risk of being compromised by spontaneous racemization. Therefore, the major distinct steps in protein-centric aging include the biosynthesis of a polypeptide chain, protein folding assisted by the system of PTMs, and age-dependent spontaneous protein racemization and degradation. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to pay attention to the biphasic, alternative, and stepwise changes in the conformational entropy of protein folding. The broader view on protein folding, including the impact of spontaneous racemization, will help in the goal-oriented experimental design in the field of chiral proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Dyakin
- Virtual Reality Perception Lab (VRPL), The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Bldg, 35, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC07, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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25
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Zhong J, Li L, Kumar M, Zeng XC, Zhang J, Francisco JS. Solvation and Hydrolysis Reaction of Isocyanic Acid at the Air-Water Interface: A Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5315-5322. [PMID: 35290046 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isocyanic acid (HNCO) is known to be inert to strong oxidants and photolysis in the atmosphere but often appears in different forms of smoke; therefore, it is linked to various smoke-related illnesses due to tobacco usage or wildfire events. To date, the major loss pathway of HNCO is believed to be through its uptake on aerosol droplets. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such an uptake process are still incompletely understood. Herein, we use the Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations to study solvation and hydrolysis reactions of HNCO on water droplets at ambient temperature. The BOMD simulations indicate that the scavenging of HNCO by water droplets is largely attributed to the preferential adsorption of HNCO at the air-water interface, rather than inside bulk water. Specifically, the H atom of HNCO interacts with the O atom of interfacial water, leading to the formation of a hydrogen bond (H-bond) of (HNCO)H···O(H2O), which prevents HNCO from evaporating. Moreover, the interfacial water can act as H-bond acceptors/donors to promote the proton transfer during the HNCO hydrolysis reaction. Compared to the gas phase, the activation barrier is lowered from 45 to 14 kcal·mol-1 on the water surface, which facilitates the formation of the key intermediate of NH2COOH. This intermediate eventually decomposes into NH3 and CO2, consistent with the previous study [ Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2016, 16, 703-714]. The new molecular insight into HNCO solvation and reaction on the water surface improves our understanding of the uptake of HNCO on aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
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26
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Trejo-Zambrano MI, Gómez-Bañuelos E, Andrade F. Redox-Mediated Carbamylation As a Hapten Model Applied to the Origin of Antibodies to Modified Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:389-409. [PMID: 33906423 PMCID: PMC8982126 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The production of antibodies to posttranslationally modified antigens is a hallmark in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In particular, the presence of citrullination-associated antibodies, targeting both citrullinating enzymes (the peptidylarginine deiminases [PADs]) and citrullinated antigens (anticitrullinated protein antibodies [ACPAs]), has suggested that dysregulated citrullination is relevant for disease pathogenesis. Antibodies to other protein modifications with physicochemical similarities to citrulline, such as carbamylated-lysine and acetylated-lysine, have also gained interest in RA, but their mechanistic relation to ACPAs remains unclear. Recent Advances: Recent studies using RA-derived monoclonal antibodies have found that ACPAs are cross-reactive to carbamylated and acetylated peptides, challenging our understanding of the implications of such cross-reactivity. Critical Issues: Analogous to the classic antibody response to chemically modified proteins, we examine the possibility that antibodies to modified proteins in RA are more likely to resemble antihapten antibodies rather than autoantibodies. This potential shift in the autoantibody paradigm in RA offers the opportunity to explore new mechanisms involved in the origin and cross-reactivity of pathogenic antibodies in RA. In contrast to citrullination, carbamylation is a chemical modification associated with oxidative stress, it is highly immunogenic, and is considered in the group of posttranslational modification-derived products. We discuss the possibility that carbamylated proteins are antigenic drivers of cross-reacting antihapten antibodies that further create the ACPA response, and that ACPAs may direct the production of antibodies to PAD enzymes. Future Directions: Understanding the complexity of autoantibodies in RA is critical to develop tools to clearly define their origin, identify drivers of disease propagation, and develop novel therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 389-409.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Gómez-Bañuelos
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Felipe Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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27
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Maciejczyk M, Nesterowicz M, Szulimowska J, Zalewska A. Oxidation, Glycation, and Carbamylation of Salivary Biomolecules in Healthy Children, Adults, and the Elderly: Can Saliva Be Used in the Assessment of Aging? J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2051-2073. [PMID: 35378954 PMCID: PMC8976116 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s356029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is inextricably linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and posttranslational protein modifications. However, no studies evaluate oxidation, glycation, and carbamylation of salivary biomolecules as biomarkers of aging. Saliva collection is non-invasive, painless, and inexpensive, which are advantages over other biofluids. Methods The study enrolled 180 healthy subjects divided into six groups according to age: 6–13, 14–19, 20–39, 40–59, 60–79, and 80–100 years. The number of individuals was determined a priori based on our previous experiment (power of the test = 0.8; α = 0.05). Non-stimulated saliva and plasma were collected from participants, in which biomarkers of aging were determined by colorimetric, fluorometric, and ELISA methods. Results The study have demonstrated that modifications of salivary proteins increase with age, as manifested by decreased total thiol levels and increased carbonyl groups, glycation (Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine, advanced glycation end products (AGE)) and carbamylation (carbamyl-lysine) protein products in the saliva of old individuals. Oxidative modifications of lipids (4-hydroxynonenal) and nucleic acids (8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)) also increase with age. Salivary redox biomarkers correlate poorly with their plasma levels; however, salivary AGE and 8-OHdG generally reflect their blood concentrations. In the multivariate regression model, they are a predictor of aging and, in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, significantly differentiate children and adolescents (under 15 years old) from the working-age population (15–64 years) and the older people (65 years and older). Conclusion Salivary AGE and 8-OHdG have the most excellent diagnostic utility in assessing the aging process. Saliva can be used to evaluate the aging of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: Mateusz Maciejczyk, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2c Mickiewicza Street, Bialystok, 15-233, Poland, Email
| | - Miłosz Nesterowicz
- Students Scientific Club “Biochemistry of Civilization Diseases” at the Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Julita Szulimowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Lassak J, Sieber A, Hellwig M. Exceptionally versatile take II: post-translational modifications of lysine and their impact on bacterial physiology. Biol Chem 2022; 403:819-858. [PMID: 35172419 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Among the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, lysine sticks out due to its unparalleled chemical diversity of post-translational modifications. This results in a wide range of possibilities to influence protein function and hence modulate cellular physiology. Concomitantly, lysine derivatives form a metabolic reservoir that can confer selective advantages to those organisms that can utilize it. In this review, we provide examples of selected lysine modifications and describe their role in bacterial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Lassak
- Department of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Alina Sieber
- Department of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, D-82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Michael Hellwig
- Technische Universität Braunschweig - Institute of Food Chemistry, Schleinitzstraße 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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29
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Avenues for post-translational protein modification prevention and therapy. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 86:101083. [PMID: 35227517 PMCID: PMC9378364 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic post-translational modifications (nPTMs) of proteins have emerged as novel risk factors for the genesis and progression of various diseases. We now have a variety of experimental and established therapeutic strategies to target harmful nPTMs and potentially improve clinical outcomes. Protein carbamylation and glycation are two common and representative nPTMs that have gained considerable attention lately as favorable therapeutic targets with emerging clinical evidence. Protein carbamylation is associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a heterogeneous group of molecules produced in a series of glycation reactions, have been linked to various diabetic complications. Therefore, reducing the burden of protein carbamylation and AGEs is an appealing and promising therapeutic approach. This review chapter summarizes potential anti-nPTM therapy options in CKD, CVD, and diabetes along with clinical implications. Using two prime examples-protein carbamylation and AGEs-we discuss the varied preventative and therapeutic options to mitigate these pathologic nPTMs in detail. We provide in-depth case studies on carbamylation in the setting of kidney disease and AGEs in metabolic disorders, with an emphasis on the relevance to reducing adverse clinical outcomes such as CKD progression, cardiovascular events, and mortality. Overall, whether specific efforts to lower carbamylation and AGE burden will yield definitive clinical improvement in humans remains largely to be seen. However, the scientific rationale for such pursuits is demonstrated herein.
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Carbamylated Proteins in Renal Disease: Aggravating Factors or Just Biomarkers? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010574. [PMID: 35008998 PMCID: PMC8745352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbamylation is a nonenzymatic post-translational modification resulting from the reaction between cyanate, a urea by-product, and proteins. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that carbamylation modifies protein structures and functions, triggering unfavourable molecular and cellular responses. An enhanced formation of carbamylation-derived products (CDPs) is observed in pathological contexts, especially during chronic kidney disease (CKD), because of increased blood urea. Significantly, studies have reported a positive correlation between serum CDPs and the evolutive state of renal failure. Further, serum concentrations of carbamylated proteins are characterized as strong predictors of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Over time, it is likely that these modified compounds become aggravating factors and promote long-term complications, including cardiovascular disorders and inflammation or immune system dysfunctions. These poor clinical outcomes have led researchers to consider strategies to prevent or slow down CDP formation. Even if growing evidence suggests the involvement of carbamylation in the pathophysiology of CKD, the real relevance of carbamylation is still unclear: is it a causal phenomenon, a metabolic consequence or just a biological feature? In this review, we discuss how carbamylation, a consequence of renal function decline, may become a causal phenomenon of kidney disease progression and how CDPs may be used as biomarkers.
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31
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Myeloid leukocytes' diverse effects on cardiovascular and systemic inflammation in chronic kidney disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:38. [PMID: 35896846 PMCID: PMC9329413 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease's prevalence rises globally. Whereas dialysis treatment replaces the kidney's filtering function and prolongs life, dreaded consequences in remote organs develop inevitably over time. Even milder reductions in kidney function not requiring replacement therapy associate with bacterial infections, cardiovascular and heart valve disease, which markedly limit prognosis in these patients. The array of complications is diverse and engages a wide gamut of cellular and molecular mechanisms. The innate immune system is profoundly and systemically altered in chronic kidney disease and, as a unifying element, partakes in many of the disease's complications. As such, a derailed immune system fuels cardiovascular disease progression but also elevates the propensity for serious bacterial infections. Recent data further point towards a role in developing calcific aortic valve stenosis. Here, we delineate the current state of knowledge on how chronic kidney disease affects innate immunity in cardiovascular organs and on a systemic level. We review the role of circulating myeloid cells, monocytes and neutrophils, resident macrophages, dendritic cells, ligands, and cellular pathways that are activated or suppressed when renal function is chronically impaired. Finally, we discuss myeloid cells' varying responses to uremia from a systems immunology perspective.
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Verbruggen L, Ates G, Lara O, De Munck J, Villers A, De Pauw L, Ottestad-Hansen S, Kobayashi S, Beckers P, Janssen P, Sato H, Zhou Y, Hermans E, Njemini R, Arckens L, Danbolt NC, De Bundel D, Aerts JL, Barbé K, Guillaume B, Ris L, Bentea E, Massie A. Lifespan extension with preservation of hippocampal function in aged system x c--deficient male mice. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2355-2368. [PMID: 35181756 PMCID: PMC9126817 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01470-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc- has been identified as the major source of extracellular glutamate in several brain regions as well as a modulator of neuroinflammation, and genetic deletion of its specific subunit xCT (xCT-/-) is protective in mouse models for age-related neurological disorders. However, the previously observed oxidative shift in the plasma cystine/cysteine ratio of adult xCT-/- mice led to the hypothesis that system xc- deletion would negatively affect life- and healthspan. Still, till now the role of system xc- in physiological aging remains unexplored. We therefore studied the effect of xCT deletion on the aging process of mice, with a particular focus on the immune system, hippocampal function, and cognitive aging. We observed that male xCT-/- mice have an extended lifespan, despite an even more increased plasma cystine/cysteine ratio in aged compared to adult mice. This oxidative shift does not negatively impact the general health status of the mice. On the contrary, the age-related priming of the innate immune system, that manifested as increased LPS-induced cytokine levels and hypothermia in xCT+/+ mice, was attenuated in xCT-/- mice. While this was associated with only a very moderate shift towards a more anti-inflammatory state of the aged hippocampus, we observed changes in the hippocampal metabolome that were associated with a preserved hippocampal function and the retention of hippocampus-dependent memory in male aged xCT-/- mice. Targeting system xc- is thus not only a promising strategy to prevent cognitive decline, but also to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Verbruggen
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gamze Ates
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olaya Lara
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jolien De Munck
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agnès Villers
- grid.8364.90000 0001 2184 581XDepartment of Neurosciences, Université de Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Laura De Pauw
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Ottestad-Hansen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Neurotransporter Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- grid.268394.20000 0001 0674 7277Department of Food, Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Pauline Beckers
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XInstitute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Janssen
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hideyo Sato
- grid.260975.f0000 0001 0671 5144Department of Medical Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yun Zhou
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Neurotransporter Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emmanuel Hermans
- grid.7942.80000 0001 2294 713XInstitute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rose Njemini
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Frailty in Ageing research Department, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels C. Danbolt
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Neurotransporter Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dimitri De Bundel
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Drug Information, C4N, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joeri L. Aerts
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kurt Barbé
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069The Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Laurence Ris
- grid.8364.90000 0001 2184 581XDepartment of Neurosciences, Université de Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Eduard Bentea
- grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Massie
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Kalim S, Berg AH, Karumanchi SA, Thadhani R, Allegretti AS, Nigwekar S, Zhao S, Srivastava A, Raj D, Deo R, Frydrych A, Chen J, Sondheimer J, Shafi T, Weir M, Lash JP. Protein carbamylation and chronic kidney disease progression in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:139-147. [PMID: 33661286 PMCID: PMC8719615 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein carbamylation is a post-translational protein modification caused, in part, by exposure to urea's dissociation product cyanate. Carbamylation is linked to cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in dialysis-dependent end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but its effects in earlier pre-dialysis stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not established. METHODS We conducted two nested case-control studies within the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. First, we matched 75 cases demonstrating CKD progression [50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction or reaching ESKD] to 75 controls (matched on baseline eGFR, 24-h proteinuria, age, sex and race). In the second study, we similarly matched 75 subjects who died during follow-up (cases) to 75 surviving controls. Baseline carbamylated albumin levels (C-Alb, a validated carbamylation assay) were compared between cases and controls in each study. RESULTS At baseline, in the CKD progression study, other than blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and smoking status, there were no significant differences in any matched or other parameter. In the mortality group, the only baseline difference was smoking status. Adjusting for baseline differences, the top tertile of C-Alb was associated with an increased risk of CKD progression [odds ratio (OR) = 7.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-32.8; P = 0.004] and mortality (OR = 3.4; 95% CI 1.0-11.4; P = 0.05) when compared with the bottom tertile. C-Alb correlated with eGFR but was more strongly correlated with BUN. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that protein carbamylation is a predictor of CKD progression, beyond traditional risks including eGFR and proteinuria. Carbamylation's association with mortality was smaller in this limited sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahir Kalim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders H Berg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ravi Thadhani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Allegretti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sagar Nigwekar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand Srivastava
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dominic Raj
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rajat Deo
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne Frydrych
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - James Sondheimer
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tariq Shafi
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Weir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James P Lash
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Verdier V, Soulage CO, Koppe L. New clinical evidence for urea toxicity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:1-4. [PMID: 34519782 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Verdier
- Department of Nephrology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Christophe O Soulage
- Department of Nephrology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Univ. Lyon, CarMeN lab, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laetitia Koppe
- Department of Nephrology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Univ. Lyon, CarMeN lab, INSA-Lyon, INSERM U1060, INRA, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Wang K, Meng X, Guo Z. Elastin Structure, Synthesis, Regulatory Mechanism and Relationship With Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:596702. [PMID: 34917605 PMCID: PMC8670233 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.596702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the primary component of elastic fibers, elastin plays an important role in maintaining the elasticity and tensile ability of cardiovascular, pulmonary and many other tissues and organs. Studies have shown that elastin expression is regulated by a variety of molecules that have positive and negative regulatory effects. However, the specific mechanism is unclear. Moreover, elastin is reportedly involved in the development and progression of many cardiovascular diseases through changes in its expression and structural modifications once deposited in the extracellular matrix. This review article summarizes the role of elastin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, atherosclerosis, and atrial fibrillation, with emphasis on the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangguang Meng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Oxidative distress in aging and age-related diseases: Spatiotemporal dysregulation of protein oxidation and degradation. Biochimie 2021; 195:114-134. [PMID: 34890732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The concept of oxidative distress had arisen from the assessment of cellular response to high concentrations of reactive species that result from an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants and cause biomolecular damage. The intracellular distribution and flux of reactive species dramatically change in time and space contributing to the remodeling of the redox landscape and sensitivity of protein residues to oxidants. Here, we hypothesize that compromised spatiotemporal control of generation, conversions, and removal of reactive species underlies protein damage and dysfunction of protein degradation machineries. This leads to the accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins resulted in an age-dependent decline in the organismal adaptability to oxidative stress. We highlight recent data obtained with the use of various cell cultures, animal models, and patients on irreversible and non-repairable oxidation of key redox-sensitive residues. Multiple reaction products include peptidyl hydroperoxides, alcohols, carbonyls, and carbamoyl moieties as well as Tyr-Tyr, Trp-Tyr, Trp-Trp, Tyr-Cys, His-Lys, His-Arg, and Tyr-Lys cross-links. These lead to protein fragmentation, misfolding, covalent cross-linking, oligomerization, aggregation, and ultimately, causing impaired protein function and turnover. 20S proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways are two major types of machinery for the degradation and elimination of oxidatively damaged proteins. Spatiotemporal dysregulation of these pathways under oxidative distress conditions is implicated in aging and age-related disorders such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Future investigations in this field allow the discovery of new drugs to target components of dysregulated cell signaling and protein degradation machinery to combat aging and age-related chronic diseases.
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Gladyshev VN, Kritchevsky SB, Clarke SG, Cuervo AM, Fiehn O, de Magalhães JP, Mau T, Maes M, Moritz R, Niedernhofer LJ, Van Schaftingen E, Tranah GJ, Walsh K, Yura Y, Zhang B, Cummings SR. Molecular Damage in Aging. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:1096-1106. [PMID: 36846190 PMCID: PMC9957516 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism generates molecular damage affecting all levels of biological organization. Accumulation of this damage over time is thought to play a central role in the aging process, but damage manifests in diverse molecular forms complicating its assessment. Insufficient attention has been paid to date to the role of molecular damage in aging-related phenotypes, particularly in humans, in part because of the difficulty in measuring its various forms. Recently, omics approaches have been developed that begin to address this challenge, because they are able to assess a sizeable proportion of age-related damage at the level of small molecules, proteins, RNA, DNA, organelles and cells. This review describes the concept of molecular damage in aging and discusses its diverse aspects from theoretical models to experimental approaches. Measurement of multiple types of damage enables studies of the role of damage in human aging outcomes and lays a foundation for testing interventions to reduce the burden of molecular damage, opening new approaches to slowing aging and reducing its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Steven G. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Theresa Mau
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michal Maes
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Robert Moritz
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emile Van Schaftingen
- De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yoshimitsu Yura
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven R. Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Friedrich MG, Wang Z, Schey KL, Truscott RJW. Spontaneous Cleavage at Glu and Gln Residues in Long-Lived Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2244-2254. [PMID: 34677941 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived proteins (LLPs) are prone to deterioration with time, and one prominent breakdown process is the scission of peptide bonds. These cleavages can either be enzymatic or spontaneous. In this study, human lens proteins were examined and many were found to have been cleaved on the C-terminal side of Glu and Gln residues. Such cleavages could be reproduced experimentally by in vitro incubation of Glu- or Gln-containing peptides at physiological pHs. Spontaneous cleavage was dependent on pH and amino acid sequence. These model peptide studies suggested that the mechanism involves a cyclic intermediate and is therefore analogous to that characterized for cleavage of peptide bonds adjacent to Asp and Asn residues. An increased amount of some Glu/Gln cleaved peptides in the insoluble fraction of human lenses suggests that cleavage may act to destabilize proteins. Spontaneous cleavage at Glu and Gln, as well as recently described cross-linking at these residues, can therefore be added to the similar processes affecting long-lived proteins that have already been documented for Asn and Asp residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Friedrich
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kevin L. Schey
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Roger J. W. Truscott
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Scholefield M, Church SJ, Xu J, Patassini S, Roncaroli F, Hooper NM, Unwin RD, Cooper GJS. Severe and Regionally Widespread Increases in Tissue Urea in the Human Brain Represent a Novel Finding of Pathogenic Potential in Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:711396. [PMID: 34751215 PMCID: PMC8571017 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.711396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread elevations in brain urea have, in recent years, been reported in certain types of age-related dementia, notably Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Huntington’s disease (HD). Urea increases in these diseases are substantive, and approximate in magnitude to levels present in uraemic encephalopathy. In AD and HD, elevated urea levels are widespread, and not only in regions heavily affected by neurodegeneration. However, measurements of brain urea have not hitherto been reported in Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD), a condition which shares neuropathological and symptomatic overlap with both AD and HD. Here we report measurements of tissue urea from nine neuropathologically confirmed regions of the brain in PDD and post-mortem delay (PMD)-matched controls, in regions including the cerebellum, motor cortex (MCX), sensory cortex, hippocampus (HP), substantia nigra (SN), middle temporal gyrus (MTG), medulla oblongata (MED), cingulate gyrus, and pons, by applying ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Urea concentrations were found to be substantively elevated in all nine regions, with average increases of 3–4-fold. Urea concentrations were remarkably consistent across regions in both cases and controls, with no clear distinction between regions heavily affected or less severely affected by neuronal loss in PDD. These urea elevations mirror those found in uraemic encephalopathy, where equivalent levels are generally considered to be pathogenic, and those previously reported in AD and HD. Increased urea is a widespread metabolic perturbation in brain metabolism common to PDD, AD, and HD, at levels equal to those seen in uremic encephalopathy. This presents a novel pathogenic mechanism in PDD, which is shared with two other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Scholefield
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jingshu Xu
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stefano Patassini
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Brain and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre & Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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40
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Jankowski V, Saritas T, Kjolby M, Hermann J, Speer T, Himmelsbach A, Mahr K, Heuschkel MA, Schunk SJ, Thirup S, Winther S, Bottcher M, Nyegard M, Nykjaer A, Kramann R, Kaesler N, Jankowski J, Floege J, Marx N, Goettsch C. Carbamylated sortilin associates with cardiovascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2021; 101:574-584. [PMID: 34767831 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sortilin, an intracellular sorting receptor, has been identified as a cardiovascular risk factor in the general population. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are highly susceptible to develop cardiovascular complications such as calcification. However, specific CKD-induced posttranslational protein modifications of sortilin and their link to cardiovascular calcification remain unknown. To investigate this, we examined two independent CKD cohorts for carbamylation of circulating sortilin and detected increased carbamylated sortilin lysine residues in the extracellular domain of sortilin with kidney function decline using targeted mass spectrometry. Structure analysis predicted altered ligand binding by carbamylated sortilin, which was verified by binding studies using surface plasmon resonance measurement, showing an increased affinity of interleukin 6 to in vitro carbamylated sortilin. Further, carbamylated sortilin increased vascular calcification in vitro and ex vivo that was accelerated by interleukin 6. Imaging by mass spectrometry of human calcified arteries revealed in situ carbamylated sortilin. In patients with CKD, sortilin carbamylation was associated with coronary artery calcification, independent of age and kidney function. Moreover, patients with carbamylated sortilin displayed significantly faster progression of coronary artery calcification than patients without sortilin carbamylation. Thus, carbamylated sortilin may be a risk factor for cardiovascular calcification and may contribute to elevated cardiovascular complications in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Turgay Saritas
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Center for Proteins in Memory (PROMEMO) and Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Juliane Hermann
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thimoteus Speer
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anika Himmelsbach
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mahr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marina Augusto Heuschkel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan J Schunk
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Soren Thirup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Winther
- Department of Cardiology, Gødstrup Hospital, NIDO, Herning, Denmark
| | - Morten Bottcher
- Department of Cardiology, Gødstrup Hospital, NIDO, Herning, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegard
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjaer
- Center for Proteins in Memory (PROMEMO) and Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Kaesler
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juergen Floege
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany.
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Neuropathy - Exponent of Accelerated Involution in Uremia: The Role of Carbamylation. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Premature loss of functional integrity of the nervous system in chronic renal failure (CRF) as a consequence of persistent biological activities of the general uremic milieu is almost identical to its structural and functional involution during the process of physiological ageing, but disproportionate and independent of chronological age. In the hyperuremic status of CRF (urea - carbamide), forced carbamylation, as a non-enzymatic post-translational modification (NEPTM) of proteins and amino acids, by changing their biological properties and decreasing proteolysis capacity, represents pathogenetic potential of intensified molecular ageing and accelerated, pathological involution. Physiological predisposition and the exposure of neuropathy before complications of other organs and organ systems in CRF, due to the simultaneous and mutually pathogenetically related uremic lesion and the tissue and vascular segment of the nervous system, direct interest towards proteomic analytical techniques of quantification of carbamylated products as biomarkers of uremic neurotoxicity. Hypothetically, identical to the already established applications of other NEPTM products in practice, they have the potential of clinical methodology in the evaluation of uremic neuropathy and its contribution to the general prediction, but also to the change of the conventional CRF classification. In addition, the identification and therapeutic control of the substrate of accelerated involution, responsible for the amplification of not only neurological but also general degenerative processes in CRF, is attractive in the context of the well-known attitude towards aging.
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Carbamylation of elastic fibers is a molecular substratum of aortic stiffness. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17827. [PMID: 34497312 PMCID: PMC8426361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of their long lifespan, matrix proteins of the vascular wall, such as elastin, are subjected to molecular aging characterized by non-enzymatic post-translational modifications, like carbamylation which results from the binding of cyanate (mainly derived from the dissociation of urea) to protein amino groups. While several studies have demonstrated a relationship between increased plasma concentrations of carbamylated proteins and the development of cardiovascular diseases, molecular mechanisms explaining the involvement of protein carbamylation in these pathological contexts remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of this work was to determine whether vascular elastic fibers could be carbamylated, and if so, what impact this phenomenon would have on the mechanical properties of the vascular wall. Our experiments showed that vascular elastin was carbamylated in vivo. Fiber morphology was unchanged after in vitro carbamylation, as well as its sensitivity to elastase degradation. In mice fed with cyanate-supplemented water in order to increase protein carbamylation within the aortic wall, an increased stiffness in elastic fibers was evidenced by atomic force microscopy, whereas no fragmentation of elastic fiber was observed. In addition, this increased stiffness was also associated with an increase in aortic pulse wave velocity in ApoE-/- mice. These results provide evidence for the carbamylation of elastic fibers which results in an increase in their stiffness at the molecular level. These alterations of vessel wall mechanical properties may contribute to aortic stiffness, suggesting a new role for carbamylation in cardiovascular diseases.
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Whitehead M, Shanahan CM. Circulating uromodulin: a cytokine trap for osteoinductive inflammatory mediators in chronic kidney disease? Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:651-652. [PMID: 33367494 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Whitehead
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Abstract
In the current literature, the definitions of aging range from relying on certain sets of distinctive features at the molecular, organismal, populational and/or even evolutional levels/scales to declaring it a treatable disease and, moreover, to treating aging as a mental construct rather than a natural phenomenon. One reason of such a mess may be that it is common in the natural sciences to disregard philosophy of science where several categories of definitions are recognized, among which the nominal are less, and the so-called real ones are more appropriate in scientific contexts. E.g., water is, by its nominal definition, a liquid having certain observable features and, by its real definition, a specific combination (or a product of interaction) of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Noteworthy, the real definition is senseless for people ignorant of atoms. Likewise, the nominal definition of aging as a set of observable features should be supplemented, if not replaced, with its real definition. The latter is suggested here to imply that aging is the product of chemical interactions between the rapidly turning-over free metabolites and the slowly turning-over metabolites incorporated in macromolecules involved in metabolic control. The phenomenon defined in this way emerged concomitantly with metabolic pathways controlled by enzymes coded for by information-storing macromolecules and is inevitable wherever such conditions coincide. Aging research, thus, is concerned with the elucidation of the pathways and mechanisms that link aging defined as above to its hallmarks and manifestations, including those comprised by its nominal definitions. Esoteric as it may seem, defining aging is important for deciding whether aging is what should be declared as the target of interventions aimed at increasing human life and health spans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei G Golubev
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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45
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Zuhra K, Szabo C. The two faces of cyanide: an environmental toxin and a potential novel mammalian gasotransmitter. FEBS J 2021; 289:2481-2515. [PMID: 34297873 PMCID: PMC9291117 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide is traditionally viewed as a cytotoxic agent, with its primary mode of action being the inhibition of mitochondrial Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase). However, recent studies demonstrate that the effect of cyanide on Complex IV in various mammalian cells is biphasic: in lower concentrations (nanomolar to low micromolar) cyanide stimulates Complex IV activity, increases ATP production and accelerates cell proliferation, while at higher concentrations (high micromolar to low millimolar) it produces the previously known (‘classic’) toxic effects. The first part of the article describes the cytotoxic actions of cyanide in the context of environmental toxicology, and highlights pathophysiological conditions (e.g., cystic fibrosis with Pseudomonas colonization) where bacterially produced cyanide exerts deleterious effects to the host. The second part of the article summarizes the mammalian sources of cyanide production and overviews the emerging concept that mammalian cells may produce cyanide, in low concentrations, to serve biological regulatory roles. Cyanide fulfills many of the general criteria as a ‘classical’ mammalian gasotransmitter and shares some common features with the current members of this class: nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Zuhra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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46
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Gupta R, Sahu M, Srivastava D, Tiwari S, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Post-translational modifications: Regulators of neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101336. [PMID: 33775891 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmark features in the neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) is the accumulation of aggregated and/or non-functional protein in the cellular milieu. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are an essential regulator of non-functional protein aggregation in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Any alteration in the post-translational mechanism and the protein quality control system, for instance, molecular chaperone, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathway, enhances the accumulation of misfolded protein, which causes neuronal dysfunction. Post-translational modification plays many roles in protein turnover rate, accumulation of aggregate and can also help in the degradation of disease-causing toxic metabolites. PTMs such as acetylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, palmitoylation, SUMOylation, nitration, oxidation, and many others regulate protein homeostasis, which includes protein structure, functions and aggregation propensity. Different studies demonstrated the involvement of PTMs in the regulation of signaling cascades such as PI3K/Akt/GSK3β, MAPK cascade, AMPK pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Further, mounting evidence suggests that targeting different PTMs with small chemical molecules, which acts as an inhibitor or activator, reverse misfolded protein accumulation and thus enhances the neuroprotection. Herein, we briefly discuss the protein aggregation and various domain structures of different proteins involved in the NDDs, indicating critical amino acid residues where PTMs occur. We also describe the implementation and involvement of various PTMs on signaling cascade and cellular processes in NDDs. Lastly, we implement our current understanding of the therapeutic importance of PTMs in neurodegeneration, along with emerging techniques targeting various PTMs.
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Mikhailova NA. The value of a low-protein diet and ketoanalogues of essential amino acids in the сontrol of protein carbamylation and toxic effects of urea in chronic kidney disease. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:729-735. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.06.200915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by high mortality from cardiovascular diseases, the development of which is facilitated by traditional risk factors (typical for the general population) and by nontraditional ones (specific to patients with CKD) as well. These factors include also uremic toxins, for which a causal relationship has been established with specific pathological processes in patients with CKD, comprising the development of vascular dysfunction and accelerated progression of atherosclerosis. Urea has long been considered not as a uremic toxin, but as a marker of metabolic imbalance or dialysis efficiency (Kt/V) in CKD patients. In recent years, more and more publications have appeared on the study of the toxic effects of urea with the development of toxic-uremic complications and the phenotype of premature aging, common in CKD. It was found that an increase in urea levels in uremic syndrome causes damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier with translocation of bacterial toxins into the bloodstream and the development of systemic inflammation, provokes apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as endothelial dysfunction, which directly contributes to the development of cardiovascular complications. The indirect effects of increased urea levels are associated with carbamylation reactions, when isocyanic acid (a product of urea catabolism) changes the structure and function of proteins in the body. Carbamylation of proteins in CKD patients is associated with the development of renal fibrosis, atherosclerosis and anemia. Thus, urea is now regarded as an important negative agent in the pathogenesis of complications in CKD. Studies on a low-protein diet with using ketoanalogues of essential amino acids to minimize the accumulation of urea and other uremic toxins demonstrate the clinical benefit of such an intervention in slowing the progression of CKD and the development of cardiovascular complications.
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Xie X, van Delft MAM, Shuweihdi F, Kingsbury SR, Trouw LA, Doody GM, Conaghan PG, Ponchel F. Auto-antibodies to post-translationally modified proteins in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:924-933. [PMID: 33757859 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoantibodies (AutoAbs) have been observed in osteoarthritis (OA) with broad antigenicity, although their prevalence and role remain unclear. Post-translational modification (PTMs) of proteins (oxidation, carbamylation, citrullination) is associated with synovitis and can lead to AutoAb development. Given the prevalence of synovitis, we explored whether AutoAbs to PTM-antigens are common in OA compared with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Serum (n = 895) was obtained from healthy controls, OA and RA patients; and arthritic synovial fluid (SF, n = 290). ELISAs were used to quantify anti-citrullinated peptide (ACPA), anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP), anti-oxidized collagen (anti-ROS-CI/CII) antibodies. RESULTS In sera, positivity for PTM-antigens AutoAbs was observed at a lower frequency in OA with 64.1% (95%CI: 57.2-70.1%) more ACPA+ and 29.8% (21.0-37.3%) more anti-CarP + patients in RA (both P < 0.0001). Levels of ACPA, anti-CarP were also lower in OA (P < 0.0001). Anti-ROS-CII positivity was lower in OA compared to RA (16.6%, 4.8-28.6%) less frequent, P = 0.033) but not anti-native-CII. There was no impact of age/gender on AutoAbs associations with diseases either looking at positivity or levels. In SF, OA patients were often ACPA+ (45.9%) although less frequently than in RA (P = 0.004). Anti-CarP were rarely observed (<5% all samples). All collagen AutoAbs were more frequent in RA compared to OA (all P < 0.010) but only levels of anti-CII and anti-ROS-CII were significantly higher in they RA (P < 0.050). CONCLUSION Although the frequency of AutoAbs for PTM proteins were lower in OA sera compared to RA, a higher proportion of OA SF were positive. The relative retention of AutoAbs in the OA joint requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xie
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK.
| | - M A M van Delft
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - F Shuweihdi
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - S R Kingsbury
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK.
| | - L A Trouw
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - G M Doody
- Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, UK.
| | - P G Conaghan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK.
| | - F Ponchel
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and the NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK.
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Qu M, Zhao Y, Qing X, Zhang X, Li H. Androgen-dependent miR-125a-5p targets LYPLA1 and regulates global protein palmitoylation level in late-onset hypogonadism males. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4738-4749. [PMID: 33284463 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is defined as a clinical and biochemical syndrome with multiple symptoms caused by testosterone deficiency in aging males. An in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanism underlying LOH development is insufficient. We previously identified miR-125a-5p as a dysregulated microRNA in LOH patients and potential diagnostic biomarker for LOH. The present study demonstrated that plasma miR-125a-5p was upregulated after testosterone supplementation in both LOH patients and castrated mice, and positively associated with the testosterone concentrations, suggesting direct regulation of miR-125a-5p expression by testosterone. Androgen response element in the promoter of miR-125a-5p was subsequently identified. Target gene screening and confirmation verified that LYPLA1, encoding acyl-protein thioesterase 1 which catalyzed protein depalmitoylation process, was a target gene of miR-125a-5p. Furthermore, in cells cultured with testosterone deprivation and organs from castrated mice, testosterone deficiency led to decreased global protein palmitoylation level. In aging males, global protein palmitoylation in peripheral blood showed a notable decline in LOH patients contrast to the normal elderly males. And the palmitoylation level was positively correlative with serum testosterone concentrations. Our results suggested that testosterone could regulate global palmitoylation level through miR-125a-5p/LYPLA1 signaling pathway. Given that protein palmitoylation is pivotal for protein function and constitutes the pathogenesis of various diseases, testosterone/miR-125a-5p/LYPLA1 may contribute to the molecular mechanism underlying multiple symptoms caused by testosterone deficiency in LOH patients, and aberrant global palmitoylation could be a potential biomarker for LOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Qu
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunhan Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingrong Qing
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honggang Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health/Center of Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Tongji Reproductive Medicine Hospital, Wuhan, China
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50
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Schmelzer CEH, Duca L. Elastic fibers: formation, function, and fate during aging and disease. FEBS J 2021; 289:3704-3730. [PMID: 33896108 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Elastic fibers are extracellular components of higher vertebrates and confer elasticity and resilience to numerous tissues and organs such as large blood vessels, lungs, and skin. Their formation and maturation take place in a complex multistage process called elastogenesis. It requires interactions between very different proteins but also other molecules and leads to the deposition and crosslinking of elastin's precursor on a scaffold of fibrillin-rich microfibrils. Mature fibers are exceptionally resistant to most influences and, under healthy conditions, retain their biomechanical function over the life of the organism. However, due to their longevity, they accumulate damages during aging. These are caused by proteolytic degradation, formation of advanced glycation end products, calcification, oxidative damage, aspartic acid racemization, lipid accumulation, carbamylation, and mechanical fatigue. The resulting changes can lead to diminution or complete loss of elastic fiber function and ultimately affect morbidity and mortality. Particularly, the production of elastokines has been clearly shown to influence several life-threatening diseases. Moreover, the structure, distribution, and abundance of elastic fibers are directly or indirectly influenced by a variety of inherited pathological conditions, which mainly affect organs and tissues such as skin, lungs, or the cardiovascular system. A distinction can be made between microfibril-related inherited diseases that are the result of mutations in diverse microfibril genes and indirectly affect elastogenesis, and elastinopathies that are linked to changes in the elastin gene. This review gives an overview on the formation, structure, and function of elastic fibers and their fate over the human lifespan in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E H Schmelzer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 MEDyC, SFR CAP-Sante, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, France
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