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Nałęcz D, Świętek A, Hudy D, Wiczkowski K, Złotopolska Z, Strzelczyk JK. Assessment of Concentration KRT6 Proteins in Tumor and Matching Surgical Margin from Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7356. [PMID: 39000463 PMCID: PMC11242288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are one of the most frequently detected cancers in the world; not all mechanisms related to the expression of keratin in this type of cancer are known. The aim of this study was to evaluate type II cytokeratins (KRT): KRT6A, KRT6B, and KRT6C protein concentrations in 54 tumor and margin samples of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Moreover, we examined a possible association between protein concentration and the clinical and demographic variables. Protein concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Significantly higher KRT6A protein concentration was found in HNSCC samples compared to surgical margins. An inverse relationship was observed for KRT6B and KRT6C proteins. We showed an association between the KRT6C protein level and clinical parameters T and N in tumor and margin samples. When analyzing the effect of smoking and drinking on KRT6A, KRT6B, and KRT6C levels, we demonstrated a statistically significant difference between regular or occasional tobacco and alcohol habits and patients who do not have any tobacco and alcohol habits in tumor and margin samples. Moreover, we found an association between KRT6B and KRT6C concentration and proliferative index Ki-67 and HPV status in tumor samples. Our results showed that concentrations of KRT6s were different in the tumor and the margin samples and varied in relation to clinical and demographic parameters. We add information to the current knowledge about the role of KRT6s isoforms in HNSCC. We speculate that variations in the studied isoforms of the KRT6 protein could be due to the presence and development of the tumor and its microenvironment. It is important to note that the analyses were performed in tumor and surgical margins and can provide more accurate information on the function in normal and cancer cells and regulation in response to various factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Nałęcz
- Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, St. Vincent De Paul Hospital, 1 Wójta Radtkego St., 81-348 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Agata Świętek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Silesia LabMed Research and Implementation Centre, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karol Wiczkowski
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Students' Scientific Association, Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Zofia Złotopolska
- Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, St. Vincent De Paul Hospital, 1 Wójta Radtkego St., 81-348 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Alamil H, Colsoul ML, Heutte N, Van Der Schueren M, Galanti L, Lechevrel M. Exocyclic DNA adducts and oxidative stress parameters: useful tools for biomonitoring exposure to aldehydes in smokers. Biomarkers 2024; 29:154-160. [PMID: 38506499 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2333361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Exocyclic DNA adducts have been shown to be potential biomarkers of cancer risk related to oxidative stress and exposure to aldehydes in smokers. In fact, aldehydes potentially arise from tobacco combustion directly and endogenously through lipid peroxidation. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the relationship between a profile of nine aldehydes-induced DNA adducts and antioxidant activities, in order to evaluate new biomarkers of systemic exposure to aldehydes. METHODS Using our previously published UPLC-MS/MS method, adducts levels were quantified in the blood DNA of 34 active smokers. The levels of antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E), coenzyme Q10, β-carotene, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein were measured. RESULTS Adducts induced by tobacco smoking-related aldehydes were quantified at levels reflecting an oxidative production from lipid peroxidation. A significant correlation between SOD and crotonaldehyde-induced adducts (p = 0.0251) was also observed. β-Carotene was negatively correlated with the adducts of formaldehyde (p = 0.0351) and acetaldehyde (p = 0.0413). Vitamin C tended to inversely correlate with acetaldehyde-induced adducts (p = 0.0584). CONCLUSION These results are promising, and the study is now being conducted on a larger cohort with the aim of evaluating the impact of smoking cessation programs on the evolution of adducts profile and antioxidants activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héléna Alamil
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ABTE EA4651, Caen, France
- CCC François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
| | | | - Natacha Heutte
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, CETAPS EA3832, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Mathilde Lechevrel
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, ABTE EA4651, Caen, France
- CCC François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
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Ye X, Wang T, Zhong L, Farrés J, Xia J, Zeng X, Cao D. Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 as a Carcinogenic but Not a Prognostic Factor in Colorectal Cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:1657-1667. [PMID: 38370384 PMCID: PMC10869966 DOI: 10.7150/jca.91064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer death, but little is known about its etiopathology. Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) protein is primarily expressed in intestinal epithelial cells, but lost in colorectal cancer tissues. This study revealed that AKR1B10 may not be a prognostic but an etiological factor in colorectal tumorigenesis. Using a tissue microarray, we investigated the expression of AKR1B10 in tumor tissues of 592 colorectal cancer patients with a mean follow-up of 25 years. Results exhibited that AKR1B10 protein was undetectable in 374 (63.13%), weakly positive in 146 (24.66%), and positive 72 (12.16%) of 592 tumor tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that AKR1B10 expression was not correlated with overall survival or disease-free survival. Similar results were obtained in various survival analyses stratified by clinicopathological parameters. AKR1B10 was not correlated with tumor T-pathology, N-pathology, TNM stages, cell differentiation and lymph node/regional/distant metastasis either. However, AKR1B10 silencing in culture cells enhanced carbonyl induced protein and DNA damage; and in ulcerative colitis tissues, AKR1B10 deficiency was associated acrolein-protein lesions. Together this study suggests that AKR1B10 downregulation may not be a prognostic but a carcinogenic factor of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ye
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan 410031, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China Hengyang Medical College. 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421009, China
| | - Liyuan Zhong
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China Hengyang Medical College. 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421009, China
| | - Jaume Farrés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiliang Xia
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China Hengyang Medical College. 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421009, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China Hengyang Medical College. 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421009, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China Hengyang Medical College. 28 W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan 421009, China
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Sołtysiak M, Paplińska-Goryca M, Misiukiewicz-Stępień P, Wójtowicz P, Dutkiewicz M, Zegrocka-Stendel O, Sikorska M, Dymkowska D, Turos-Korgul L, Krenke R, Koziak K. β-escin activates ALDH and prevents cigarette smoke-induced cell death. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115924. [PMID: 38016364 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tobacco use is one of the biggest public health threats worldwide. Cigarette smoke contains over 7000 chemicals among other aldehydes, regarded as priority toxicants. β-escin (a mixture of triterpenoid saponins extracted from the Aesculus hippocastanum. L) is a potent activator of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) - an enzyme catalyzing oxidation of aldehydes to non-toxic carboxylic acids. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of β-escin on ALDH activity, ALDH isoforms mRNA expression and cytotoxicity in nasal epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). METHODS Nasal epithelial cells from healthy non-smokers were treated with β-escin (1 µM) and exposed to 5% CSE. After 6- or 24-hours of stimulation cell viability, DNA damage, ALDH activity and mRNA expression of ALDH isoforms were examined. RESULTS 24 h β-escin stimulation revised CSE induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage. Cells cultured with β-escin or exposed to CSE responded with strong increase in ALDH activity. This effect was more pronounced in cultures treated with combination of β-escin and CSE. The strongest stimulatory effect on ALDH isoform mRNA expression was observed in cells cultured simultaneously with β-escin and CSE: at 6 h for ALDH1A1 and ALDH3A1, and at 24 h for ALDH1A3, ALDH3A2, ALDH3B1, and ALDH18A1. Combined β-escin and CSE treatment prevented the CSE-induced inhibition of ALDH2 expression at 24 h. CONCLUSIONS β-escin is an effective ALDH stimulatory and cytoprotective agent and might be useful in the prevention or supportive treatment of tobacco smoke-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Sołtysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Paplińska-Goryca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Misiukiewicz-Stępień
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Wójtowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oliwia Zegrocka-Stendel
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Sikorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Dymkowska
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Laura Turos-Korgul
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Koziak
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Gu H, Si B, Yang C, Jia M, Lu Y, Lv L, Guo Y. Elimination of Acrolein by Disodium 5'-Guanylate or Disodium 5'-Inosinate at High Temperature and Its Application in Roasted Pork Patty. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20314-20324. [PMID: 38078910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein (ACR) is a highly active, simple unsaturated aldehyde found in various high-temperature processed foods. Its long-term accumulation in the human body increases the risk of chronic diseases. Animal and plant foodstuffs are rich in disodium 5'-guanylate (GMP) and disodium 5'-inosinate (IMP), which are authorized flavor enhancers. Herein, we used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to explore the reaction-active kinetics and pathway of the interaction between GMP/IMP and ACR and validated it in roasted pork patties. Our results suggested that GMP and IMP could efficiently eliminate ACR by forming ACR adducts (GMP-ACR, IMP-ACR). In addition, IMP exhibited a higher reaction rate, whereas GMP had a good trapping capacity at a later stage. As carriers of GMP and IMP, dried mushrooms and shrimp exhibited an effective ACR-trapping ability in the ACR model and roasted pork patty individually and in combination. Adding 10% of dried mushroom or shrimp alone or 5% of dried mushroom and shrimp in combination eliminated up to 53.9%, 55.8%, and 55.2% ACR in a roasted pork patty, respectively. This study proposed a novel strategy to eliminate the generation of ACR in roasted pork patties by adding foodstuffs rich in GMP and IMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Gu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Si
- National Liquor Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Suqian Product Quality Supervision & Inspection Institute, 889 Fazhan Road, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengwei Jia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongling Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishuang Lv
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
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Wei Y, Guo X, Li L, Xue W, Wang L, Chen C, Sun S, Yang Y, Yao W, Wang W, Zhao J, Duan X. The role of N6-methyladenosine methylation in PAHs-induced cancers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:118078-118101. [PMID: 37924411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are a wide range of environmental toxicants, may act on humans through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact, resulting in a range of toxic reactions. Epidemiological studies showed that long-term exposure to PAHs in the occupational and living environment results in a substantial rise in the incidence rate of many cancers in the population, so the prevention and treatment of these diseases have become a major worldwide public health problem. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification greatly affects the metabolism of RNA and is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of many kinds of diseases. In addition, m6A-binding proteins have an important role in disease development. The abnormal expression of these can cause the malignant proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancers. Furthermore, a growing number of studies revealed that environmental toxicants are one of the cancer risk factors and are related to m6A modifications. Exposure to environmental toxicants can alter the methylation level of m6A and the expression of the m6A-binding protein, thus promoting the occurrence and development of cancers through diverse mechanisms. m6A may serve as a biomarker for early environmental exposure. Through the study of m6A, we can find the health injury early, thus providing a new sight for preventing and curing environmental health-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaona Guo
- Medical School, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Longhao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chengxin Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shilong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaqi Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoran Duan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Medical School, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Abdoul-Latif FM, Ainane A, Houmed Aboubaker I, Mohamed J, Ainane T. An Overview of Cancer in Djibouti: Current Status, Therapeutic Approaches, and Promising Endeavors in Local Essential Oil Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1617. [PMID: 38004482 PMCID: PMC10674319 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Djibouti, a developing economy, grapples with significant socioeconomic obstacles and the prevalence of infectious pathologies, including certain forms of neoplasms. These challenges are exacerbated by limited access to affordable medical technologies for diagnosis, coupled with a lack of preventive interventions, particularly in disadvantaged areas. The attention devoted to local phytotherapeutic treatments underscores the uniqueness of Djibouti's flora, resulting from its distinctive geographical position. International focus specifically centers on harnessing this potential as a valuable resource, emphasizing the phytoconstituents used to counter pathologies, notably carcinomas. This comprehensive overview covers a broad spectrum, commencing with an examination of the current state of knowledge, namely an in-depth investigation of oncological risk factors. Essential elements of control are subsequently studied, highlighting the fundamental prerequisites for effective management. The significance of dietary habits in cancer prevention and support is explored in depth, while traditional methods are examined, highlighting the cultural significance of indigenous essential oil therapies and encouraging further research based on the promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatouma Mohamed Abdoul-Latif
- Medicinal Research Institute, Center for Studies and Research of Djibouti, IRM-CERD, Route de l’Aéroport, Haramous, Djibouti P.O. Box 486, Djibouti;
| | - Ayoub Ainane
- Superior School of Technology of Khenifra (EST-Khenifra), University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, P.O. Box 170, Khenifra 54000, Morocco; (A.A.); (T.A.)
| | | | - Jalludin Mohamed
- Medicinal Research Institute, Center for Studies and Research of Djibouti, IRM-CERD, Route de l’Aéroport, Haramous, Djibouti P.O. Box 486, Djibouti;
| | - Tarik Ainane
- Superior School of Technology of Khenifra (EST-Khenifra), University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, P.O. Box 170, Khenifra 54000, Morocco; (A.A.); (T.A.)
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Auschwitz E, Almeda J, Andl CD. Mechanisms of E-Cigarette Vape-Induced Epithelial Cell Damage. Cells 2023; 12:2552. [PMID: 37947630 PMCID: PMC10650279 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cigarette use has been reported to affect cell viability, induce DNA damage, and modulate an inflammatory response resulting in negative health consequences. Most studies focus on oral and lung disease associated with e-cigarette use. However, tissue damage can be found in the cardio-vascular system and even the bladder. While the levels of carcinogenic compounds found in e-cigarette aerosols are lower than those in conventional cigarette smoke, the toxicants generated by the heat of the vaping device may include probable human carcinogens. Furthermore, nicotine, although not a carcinogen, can be metabolized to nitrosamines. Nitrosamines are known carcinogens and have been shown to be present in the saliva of e-cig users, demonstrating the health risk of e-cigarette vaping. E-cig vape can induce DNA adducts, promoting oxidative stress and DNA damage and NF-kB-driven inflammation. Together, these processes increase the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This creates a microenvironment thought to play a key role in tumorigenesis, although it is too early to know the long-term effects of vaping. This review considers different aspects of e-cigarette-induced cellular changes, including the generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, DNA repair, inflammation, and the possible tumorigenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia D. Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Zhu R, Chen H, Liu M, Xu Y, Jiang W, Si X, Yi L, Gu Y, Ren D, Wang J. Nontargeted screening of aldehydes and ketones by chemical isotope labeling combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry followed by hybrid filtering of features. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464332. [PMID: 37703764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes and ketones are important carbonyl compounds that are widely present in foodstuffs, biological organisms and human living environment. However, it is still challenging to comprehensively detect and capture them using liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. In this work, a chemical isotope labeling (CIL) coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) strategy was developed for the capture and detection of this class of compounds. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and isotope-labeled DNPH (DNPH-d3) were utilized to selectively label the target analytes. To address the difficulties in processing UHPLC-HRMS data, a post-acquisition data processing method called MSFilter was proposed to facilitate the screening and identification aldehydes and ketones in complex matrices. The MSFilter consists of four independent filters, namely statistical characteristic-based filtering, mass defect filtering, CIL paired peaks filtering, and diagnostic fragmentation ion filtering. These filters can be used individually or in combination to eliminate unrelated interfering MS features and efficiently detect DNPH-labeled aldehydes and ketones. The results of a mixture containing 48 model compounds showed that although all individual filtering methods could significantly reduce more than 95% of the raw MS features with acceptable recall rates above 85%, but they had relatively high false positive ratios of over 90%. In comparison, the hybrid filtering method combining four filters is able to eliminate massive interfering features (> 99.5%) with a high recall rate of 81.25% and a much lower false positive ratio of 15.22%. By implementing the hybrid filtering method in MSFilter, a total of 154 features were identified as potential signals of CCs from the original 45,961 features of real tobacco samples, of which 70 were annotated. We believe that the proposed strategy is promising to analyze the potential CCs in complex samples by UHPLC-HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Zhu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming 650231, China
| | - Han Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming 650231, China; Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming 650231, China; Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming 650231, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming 650231, China
| | - Xiaoxi Si
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd., Kunming 650231, China
| | - Lunzhao Yi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Dabing Ren
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Arts and Sciences·Kunming, Kunming, 650221, China.
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10
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Shehata SA, Toraih EA, Ismail EA, Hagras AM, Elmorsy E, Fawzy MS. Vaping, Environmental Toxicants Exposure, and Lung Cancer Risk. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4525. [PMID: 37760496 PMCID: PMC10526315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the second-most prevalent tumor worldwide. According to the most recent GLOBOCAN data, over 2.2 million LC cases were reported in 2020, with an estimated new death incident of 1,796,144 lung cancer cases. Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental exposure play an important role as risk factors for LC. E-cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs) use has been dramatically increasing world-wide. There is growing concern that EVPs consumption may increase the risk of LC because EVPs contain several proven carcinogenic compounds. However, the relationship between EVPs and LC is not well established. E-cigarette contains nicotine derivatives (e.g., nitrosnornicotine, nitrosamine ketone), heavy metals (including organometal compounds), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and flavorings (aldehydes and complex organics). Several environmental toxicants have been proven to contribute to LC. Proven and plausible environmental carcinogens could be physical (ionizing and non-ionizing radiation), chemicals (such as asbestos, formaldehyde, and dioxins), and heavy metals (such as cobalt, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel). Air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) emitted from vehicles and industrial exhausts, is linked with LC. Although extensive environmental exposure prevention policies and smoking reduction strategies have been adopted globally, the dangers remain. Combined, both EVPs and toxic environmental exposures may demonstrate significant synergistic oncogenicity. This review aims to analyze the current publications on the importance of the relationship between EVPs consumption and environmental toxicants in the pathogenesis of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A. Shehata
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (S.A.S.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Eman A. Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
- Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ezzat A. Ismail
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Abeer M. Hagras
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (S.A.S.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Ekramy Elmorsy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Manal S. Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Dilger M, Armant O, Ramme L, Mülhopt S, Sapcariu SC, Schlager C, Dilger E, Reda A, Orasche J, Schnelle-Kreis J, Conlon TM, Yildirim AÖ, Hartwig A, Zimmermann R, Hiller K, Diabaté S, Paur HR, Weiss C. Systems toxicology of complex wood combustion aerosol reveals gaseous carbonyl compounds as critical constituents. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108169. [PMID: 37688811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies identified air pollution as one of the prime causes for human morbidity and mortality, due to harmful effects mainly on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Damage to the lung leads to several severe diseases such as fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer. Noxious environmental aerosols are comprised of a gas and particulate phase representing highly complex chemical mixtures composed of myriads of compounds. Although some critical pollutants, foremost particulate matter (PM), could be linked to adverse health effects, a comprehensive understanding of relevant biological mechanisms and detrimental aerosol constituents is still lacking. Here, we employed a systems toxicology approach focusing on wood combustion, an important source for air pollution, and demonstrate a key role of the gas phase, specifically carbonyls, in driving adverse effects. Transcriptional profiling and biochemical analysis of human lung cells exposed at the air-liquid-interface determined DNA damage and stress response, as well as perturbation of cellular metabolism, as major key events. Connectivity mapping revealed a high similarity of gene expression signatures induced by wood smoke and agents prompting DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs). Indeed, various gaseous aldehydes were detected in wood smoke, which promote DPCs, initiate similar genomic responses and are responsible for DNA damage provoked by wood smoke. Hence, systems toxicology enables the discovery of critical constituents of complex mixtures i.e. aerosols and highlights the role of carbonyls on top of particulate matter as an important health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dilger
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Olivier Armant
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France
| | - Larissa Ramme
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sonja Mülhopt
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sean C Sapcariu
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Christoph Schlager
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Elena Dilger
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ahmed Reda
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas M Conlon
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Silvia Diabaté
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hanns-Rudolf Paur
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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12
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Wills R, Farhi J, Czabala P, Shahin S, M Spangle J, Raj M. Chemical sensors for imaging total cellular aliphatic aldehydes in live cells. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8305-8314. [PMID: 37564401 PMCID: PMC10411626 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02025h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic aldehydes are reactive electrophilic carbonyls that cross-link with DNA and proteins leading to cellular toxicity and disease pathogenesis. This toxicity is due to the cooperative effect of multiple aldehydes via a common mechanism. Therefore, live-cell imaging of total aliphatic aldehydes, small-to-long chain (C1-C10), is highly desired to decipher their physiological and pathological functions. However, sensors for imaging total cellular aliphatic aldehydes are currently lacking despite their high concentrations (∼80 to >500 μM) inside cells. Herein, we report chemical sensors that generate a benzimidazole moiety upon reaction with aliphatic aldehydes of different chain lengths (C1-C10), resulting in turn-on fluorescence. These sensors exhibit high quantum yields, high dynamic range, and enable the quantification of changes in both the exogenous administration of aldehydes and endogenous real-time formation of aliphatic aldehydes in live mammalian cells. This tool has great potential to transform aldehyde research by illuminating cellular metabolites that have remained elusive in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wills
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Jonathan Farhi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | | | - Sophia Shahin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA USA
| | - Jennifer M Spangle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | - Monika Raj
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA USA
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13
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Vijayraghavan S, Saini N. Aldehyde-Associated Mutagenesis─Current State of Knowledge. Chem Res Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37363863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes are widespread in the environment, with multiple sources such as food and beverages, industrial effluents, cigarette smoke, and additives. The toxic effects of exposure to several aldehydes have been observed in numerous studies. At the molecular level, aldehydes damage DNA, cross-link DNA and proteins, lead to lipid peroxidation, and are associated with increased disease risk including cancer. People genetically predisposed to aldehyde sensitivity exhibit severe health outcomes. In various diseases such as Fanconi's anemia and Cockayne syndrome, loss of aldehyde-metabolizing pathways in conjunction with defects in DNA repair leads to widespread DNA damage. Importantly, aldehyde-associated mutagenicity is being explored in a growing number of studies, which could offer key insights into how they potentially contribute to tumorigenesis. Here, we review the genotoxic effects of various aldehydes, focusing particularly on the DNA adducts underlying the mutagenicity of environmentally derived aldehydes. We summarize the chemical structures of the aldehydes and their predominant DNA adducts, discuss various methodologies, in vitro and in vivo, commonly used in measuring aldehyde-associated mutagenesis, and highlight some recent studies looking at aldehyde-associated mutation signatures and spectra. We conclude the Review with a discussion on the challenges and future perspectives of investigating aldehyde-associated mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Vijayraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Natalie Saini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
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14
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Rom WN, Rao A, Hoepner L, Dickey C. A New Model of Learning: Environmental Health in a Global World. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6146. [PMID: 37372732 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental Health in a Global World at New York University was re-designed as a class participatory effort, challenging undergraduate students to understand environmental hazards and the resultant adverse health outcomes by embracing the inherent complexity of environmental risks and proposing solutions. METHODS Following introductory lectures, students are placed into teams and assigned a specific perspective, or avatar, which includes learning to see the challenge from the perspective of a technical expert such as a biologist, an engineer, or an anthropologist. The teams then design specific systems maps to visualize the complex interactions that lead to adverse health outcomes after a given environmental exposure. The maps highlight potential leverage points where relatively minor interventions can provide a disproportionate benefit in health outcomes. The teams then explore potential interventions and identify the potential unintended consequences of those actions, develop and advocate for innovative new strategies to mitigate risk and improve outcomes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Over the past 5 years, we have taught this methodology to over 680 students with strong, student-oriented results. The teams created and presented more than 100 strategies, addressing a diverse set of environmental challenges that include water contamination, gun violence, air pollution, environmental justice, health security, and climate change. Developing the strategies helped the students understand environmental threats in a more holistic way, provided them with some agency in finding solutions, and offered an opportunity for them to improve their presentation skills. The responses in course evaluations have been enthusiastic, with many students reporting a deep impact on their college experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Rom
- Department of Global and Environmental Health, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Aishwarya Rao
- Department of Global and Environmental Health, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Lori Hoepner
- School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Chris Dickey
- Department of Global and Environmental Health, NYU School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA
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15
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Masjedi MR, Dobaradaran S, Arfaeinia H, Samaei MR, Novotny TE, Rashidi N. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) leachates from post-consumption waterpipe tobacco waste (PWTW) into aquatic environment- a primary study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121500. [PMID: 36963456 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Post-consumption waterpipe tobacco waste (PWTW) is an unrecognized type of hazardous waste that is produced and released in large quantities into the aquatic environment. It may contain high amounts of various pollutants including PAH, and to date, there has been no research on the potential for contamination by PAH from PWTW leaching into aquatic environments. In this study, the concentrations of PAH via PWTW of fruit-flavored and traditional tobacco leachate into three water types, including distilled water (DW), tap water (TW) and sea water (SW) at different contact times were evaluated. There were significantly higher concentration levels of ƩPAH in waters with leachates from fruit-flavored PWTW than traditional tobacco (P-value<0.05). The concentration levels of ƩPAH in DW, TW and SW at a total contact time of two months ranged from 0.13 to 3.51, 0.12 to 3.63 and 0.11-3.64 μg/L, respectively. Lower molecular weight PAH such as naphthalene (Naph), acenaphthylene (Acen) and fluorine (Flu) were detected in leachates immediately after a short contact time of 15 min. Higher molecular weight PAH including benzo [a]anthracene (BaA), benzo [b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo [k]fluoranthene (BkF), chrysene (Chr), and benzo [a]pyrene (BaP) were detected after one month contact time, while indeno [1,2,3-cd] pyrene (Indp), benzo [ghi]perylene (BghiP) and dibenz [a,h]anthracene (DahA) were only observed at the contact time measurement of two months. By adding sodium azide as an antimicrobial agent and chemical preservative to SW samples, higher concentrations of PAH including IP, DahA and BghiP were observed. The concentration levels of PAH in water samples after two months contact time were higher than water quality standards provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Masjedi
- Tobacco Control Research Center (TCRC), Iranian Anti-Tobacco Association, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, Essen, 45141, Germany
| | - Hossein Arfaeinia
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Samaei
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Thomas E Novotny
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, United States; San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92182, United States
| | - Nima Rashidi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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16
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Low-Field Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy for Quantification of Aldehydic Lipid Oxidation Products in Culinary Oils during Shallow Frying Episodes. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061254. [PMID: 36981180 PMCID: PMC10048026 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Toxic aldehydic lipid oxidation products (LOPs) arise from the thermo-oxidative deterioration of unsaturated fatty acids present in heated culinary oils when exposed to high-temperature frying episodes, and currently these effects represent a major public health concern. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the applications of low-field (LF), benchtop NMR analysis to detect and quantify toxic aldehyde species in culinary oils following their exposure to laboratory-simulated shallow frying episodes (LSSFEs) at 180 °C. Four culinary oils of variable fatty acid (FA) composition were investigated to determine the analytical capabilities of the LF NMR instrument. Oil samples were also analysed using a medium-field (400 MHz) NMR facility for comparative purposes. Results: Aldehydes were quantified as total saturated and total α,β-unsaturated classes. The time-dependent production of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes decreased in the order chia > rapeseed ≈ soybean > olive oils, as might be expected from their polyunsaturated and monounsaturated FA (PUFA and MUFA, respectively) contents. A similar but inequivalent trend was found for saturated aldehyde concentrations. These data strongly correlated with medium-field 1H NMR data obtained, although LF-determined levels were significantly lower in view of its inability to detect or quantify the more minor oxygenated aldehydic LOPs present. Lower limit of detection (LLOD) values for this spectrometer were 0.19 and 0.18 mmol/mol FA for n-hexanal and trans-2-octenal, respectively. Aldehydic lipid hydroperoxide precursors of aldehydic LOPs were also detectable in LF spectra. Conclusions: We therefore conclude that there is scope for application of these smaller, near-portable NMR facilities for commercial or ‘on-site’ quality control determination of toxic aldehydic LOPs in thermally stressed frying oils.
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17
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Manasfi T, Houska J, Gebhardt I, von Gunten U. Formation of carbonyl compounds during ozonation of lake water and wastewater: Development of a non-target screening method and quantification of target compounds. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 237:119751. [PMID: 37141690 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation of natural waters is typically associated with the formation of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones and ketoacids), a main class of organic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, the detection of carbonyl compounds in water and wastewater is challenged by multiple difficulties inherent to their physicochemical properties. A non-target screening method involving the derivatisation of carbonyl compounds with p-toluenesulfonylhydrazine (TSH) followed by their analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-HRMS) and an advanced non-target screening and data processing workflow was developed. The workflow was applied to investigate the formation of carbonyl compounds during ozonation of different water types including lake water, aqueous solutions containing Suwannee River Fulvic acid (SRFA), and wastewater. A higher sensitivity for most target carbonyl compounds was achieved compared to previous derivatisation methods. Moreover, the method allowed the identification of known and unknown carbonyl compounds. 8 out of 17 target carbonyl compounds were consistently detected above limits of quantification (LOQs) in most ozonated samples. Generally, the concentrations of the 8 detected target compounds decreased in the order: formaldehyde > acetaldehyde > glyoxylic acid > pyruvic acid > glutaraldehyde > 2,3-butanedione > glyoxal > 1-acetyl-1-cyclohexene. The DOC concentration-normalised formation of carbonyl compounds during ozonation was higher in wastewater and SRFA-containing water than in lake water. The specific ozone doses and the type of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) played a predominant role for the extent of formation of carbonyl compounds. Five formation trends were distinguished for different carbonyl compounds. Some compounds were produced continuously upon ozonation even at high ozone doses, while others reached a maximum concentration at a certain ozone dose above which they decreased. Concentrations of target and peak areas of non-target carbonyl compounds during full-scale ozonation at a wastewater treatment plant showed an increase as a function of the specific ozone dose (sum of 8 target compounds ∼ 280 µg/L at 1 mgO3/mgC), followed by a significant decrease after biological sand filtration (> 64-94% abatement for the different compounds). This highlights the biodegradability of target and non-target carbonyl compounds and the importance of biological post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Manasfi
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Houska
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Gebhardt
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Urs von Gunten
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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18
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Niemczyk S, Niemczyk W, Prokurat M, Grudnik K, Kuleszyński M, Niciejewska E, Lau K, Kasperczyk J. IMPACT OF E-CIGARETTES ON THE ORAL HEALTH - LITERATURE REVIEW. POLSKI MERKURIUSZ LEKARSKI : ORGAN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA LEKARSKIEGO 2023; 51:271-275. [PMID: 37589115 DOI: 10.36740/merkur202303115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
E-cigarettes are electronic devices used to inhale aerosols generated from the vaporization of flavored liquids. Nowadays, the use of e-cigarettes has become one of the most popular alternatives to traditional smoking. The wide variety of devices and liquids makes it challenging to assess the health effects of using e-cigarettes. During the vaporization of e-liquids, toxins, carcinogens, and various other chemicals can be released and inhaled by the user. Limited data exist regarding the potential health impact of exposure to e-vapors, primarily derived from animal studies and in vitro research. The oral tissues are the first site of direct interaction with the components of the inhaled vapor. While e-cigarettes are commonly portrayed as safer alternatives to tobacco cigarettes, little is known about the short- or long-term health effects of their use. The aim of this review is to briefly present the available data regarding the impact of chemical ingredients and toxins present in e-cigarette vapors on oral cavity cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Niemczyk
- STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Wojciech Niemczyk
- STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Monika Prokurat
- STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Katarzyna Grudnik
- STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Mikołaj Kuleszyński
- STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Ewelina Niciejewska
- STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Karolina Lau
- DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Janusz Kasperczyk
- DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
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Chung J, Akter S, Han S, Shin Y, Choi TG, Kang I, Kim SS. Diagnosis by Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath in Exhaled Breath from Patients with Gastric and Colorectal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010129. [PMID: 36613569 PMCID: PMC9820758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One in three cancer deaths worldwide are caused by gastric and colorectal cancer malignancies. Although the incidence and fatality rates differ significantly from country to country, the rates of these cancers in East Asian nations such as South Korea and Japan have been increasing each year. Above all, the biggest danger of this disease is how challenging it is to recognize in its early stages. Moreover, most patients with these cancers do not present with any disease symptoms before receiving a definitive diagnosis. Currently, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are being used for the early prediction of several other diseases, and research has been carried out on these applications. Exhaled VOCs from patients possess remarkable potential as novel biomarkers, and their analysis could be transformative in the prevention and early diagnosis of colon and stomach cancers. VOCs have been spotlighted in recent studies due to their ease of use. Diagnosis on the basis of patient VOC analysis takes less time than methods using gas chromatography, and results in the literature demonstrate that it is possible to determine whether a patient has certain diseases by using organic compounds in their breath as indicators. This study describes how VOCs can be used to precisely detect cancers; as more data are accumulated, the accuracy of this method will increase, and it can be applied in more fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Chung
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Salima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Han
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (I.K.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
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20
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Surniyantoro HNE, Yusuf D, Rahardjo T, Rahajeng N, Kisnanto T, Nurhayati S, Lusiyanti Y, Syaifudin M, Hande MP. Assessment of hOGG1 Genetic Polymorphism (rs1052133) and DNA Damage in Radiation-Exposed Workers. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:4005-4012. [PMID: 36579980 PMCID: PMC9971479 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.12.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effect of radiation exposure, human 8-oxoguanine DNA N-glycosylase-1 (hOGG1) exon 7 genetic polymorphism and confounding factors on DNA damage response. METHODS Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and alkaline Comet assay method were applied to determine the hOGG1 genetic polymorphisms and DNA damage response. A total of 80 participants were enrolled in this study, consisting of 40 radiation-exposed workers as a case group and 40 non-radiation workers as a control group. RESULT The genotypes frequencies for controls were Ser/Ser (35%), Ser/Cys (32.5%), and Cys/Cys (32.5%), with frequencies of alleles being 326Ser (0.52) and 326Cys (0.48), whereas the genotypes frequencies for radiation-exposed workers (cases group) were Ser/Ser (17.5%), Ser/Cys (57.5%), and Cys/Cys (25%), with frequencies of alleles being 326Ser (0.46) and 326Cys (0.54). The results indicated that DNA damage response were not significantly higher in the exposed workers than in controls (22.55 ± 6.02 versus 21.72 ± 7.14; P=0.58). The time of exposure has a significantly negative correlation with comet tail length value among radiation workers. In addition, it was found that the DNA damage response was strongly associated with age and time of exposure with a decrease of 0.6 percent (P-value: 0.008) and 0.58 percent (P-value: 0.009), respectively. Whereas gender, smoking habit, and equivalent dose were not correlated with DNA damage. CONCLUSION The single-nucleotide polymorphism of hOGG1 exon 7 (rs1052133) demonstrated no association with the extent of DNA damage in radiation-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Nugroho Eko Surniyantoro
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia. ,For Correspondence:
| | - Darlina Yusuf
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.
| | - Tur Rahardjo
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.
| | - Nastiti Rahajeng
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.
| | - Teja Kisnanto
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Siti Nurhayati
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.
| | - Yanti Lusiyanti
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia.
| | - Mukh Syaifudin
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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21
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Transcription factor Sp1 and oncoprotein PPP1R13L regulate nicotine-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma via a feedback loop. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Park SL, Le Marchand L, Cheng G, Balbo S, Chen M, Carmella SG, Thomson NM, Lee Y, Patel YM, Stram DO, Jensen J, Hatsukami DK, Murphy SE, Hecht SS. Quantitation of DNA Adducts Resulting from Acrolein Exposure and Lipid Peroxidation in Oral Cells of Cigarette Smokers from Three Racial/Ethnic Groups with Differing Risks for Lung Cancer. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1914-1922. [PMID: 35998368 PMCID: PMC10019528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Multiethnic Cohort Study has demonstrated that the risk for lung cancer in cigarette smokers among three ethnic groups is highest in Native Hawaiians, intermediate in Whites, and lowest in Japanese Americans. We hypothesized that differences in levels of DNA adducts in oral cells of cigarette smokers would be related to these differing risks of lung cancer. Therefore, we used liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry to quantify the acrolein-DNA adduct (8R/S)-3-(2'-deoxyribos-1'-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-a]purine-10(3H)-one (γ-OH-Acr-dGuo, 1) and the lipid peroxidation-related DNA adduct 1,N6-etheno-dAdo (εdAdo, 2) in DNA obtained by oral rinse from 101 Native Hawaiians, 101 Whites, and 79 Japanese Americans. Levels of urinary biomarkers of nicotine, acrolein, acrylonitrile, and a mixture of crotonaldehyde, methyl vinyl ketone, and methacrolein were also quantified. Whites had significantly higher levels of γ-OH-Acr-dGuo than Japanese Americans and Native Hawaiians after adjusting for age and sex. There was no significant difference in levels of this DNA adduct between Japanese Americans and Native Hawaiians, which is not consistent with the high lung cancer risk of Native Hawaiians. Levels of εdAdo were modestly higher in Whites and Native Hawaiians than in Japanese Americans. The lower level of DNA adducts in the oral cells of Japanese American cigarette smokers than Whites is consistent with their lower risk for lung cancer. The higher levels of εdAdo, but not γ-OH-Acr-dGuo, in Native Hawaiian versus Japanese American cigarette smokers suggest that lipid peroxidation and related processes may be involved in their high risk for lung cancer, but further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungshim L Park
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Guang Cheng
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Menglan Chen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Steven G Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicole M Thomson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Younghan Lee
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Yesha M Patel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Joni Jensen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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23
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Chen KM, Sun YW, Krebs NM, Sun D, Krzeminski J, Reinhart L, Gowda K, Amin S, Mallery S, Richie JP, El-Bayoumy K. Detection of DNA adducts derived from the tobacco carcinogens, benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[def,p]chrysene in human oral buccal cells. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:746-753. [PMID: 35749296 PMCID: PMC9486590 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recognized as potential etiological agents in the development of oral cancer in smokers. In particular, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DB[a,l]P) are detected in cigarette smoke and the environment and can induce DNA damage, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in the oral cavity of rodents. Consequently, DNA adducts are regarded as the most direct markers of genotoxicity and can be used as biomarkers of cancer risk. Thus, this study used LC-MS/MS analysis with isotope labeled internal standard to detect and quantify DNA adducts derived from B[a]P and DB[a,l]P in buccal cells of cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Participants in this study include 21 smokers and 16 non-smokers. Our data are the first to report that levels (mean ± SD) of BPDE-N2-dG were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in smokers (20.18 ± 8.40 adducts/108 dG) than in non-smokers (0.84 ± 1.02 adducts/108 dG). Likewise, levels of DBPDE-N6-dA in smokers (5.49 ± 3.41 adducts/108 dA) were significantly higher (P = 0.019) than non-smokers (2.76 ± 2.29 adducts/108 dA). Collectively, the results of this clinical study support that PAHs in tobacco smoke can contribute to the development of oral cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yuan-Wan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nicolle M Krebs
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jacek Krzeminski
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Reinhart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Susan Mallery
- College of Dentistry, Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Karam El-Bayoumy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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24
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Jamal QMS, Alharbi AH. Molecular docking and dynamics studies of cigarette smoke carcinogens interacting with acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes of the central nervous system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61972-61992. [PMID: 34382170 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The free radicals produced by cigarette smoking are responsible for tissue damage, heart and lung diseases, and carcinogenesis. The effect of tobacco on the central nervous system (CNS) has received increased attention nowadays in research. Therefore, to explore the molecular interaction of cigarette smoke carcinogens (CSC) 4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), 4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) with well-known targets of CNS-related disorders, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes, a cascade of the computational study was conducted including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). The investigated results of NNAL+AChEcomplex, NNK+AChEcomplex, and NNK+BuChEcomplex based on intermolecular energies (∆G) were found to -8.57 kcal/mol, -8.21 kcal/mol, and -8.08 kcal/mol, respectively. MDS deviation and fluctuation plots of the NNAL and NNK interaction with AChE and BuChE have shown significant results. Further, Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) results shown the best total binding energy (Binding∆G) -87.381 (+/-13.119) kJ/mol during NNK interaction with AChE. Our study suggests that CSC is well capable of altering the normal biomolecular mechanism of CNS; thus, obtained data could be useful to design extensive wet laboratory experimentation to know the effects of CSC on human CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali H Alharbi
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Fu C, Li Y, Xi H, Niu Z, Chen N, Wang R, Yan Y, Gan X, Wang M, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Lv P. Benzo(a)pyrene and cardiovascular diseases: An overview of pre-clinical studies focused on the underlying molecular mechanism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:978475. [PMID: 35990352 PMCID: PMC9386258 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.978475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) whose toxicological effects in the vessel-wall cells have been recognized. Many lines of evidence suggest that tobacco smoking and foodborne BaP exposure play a pivotal role in the dysfunctions of vessel-wall cells, such as vascular endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cells, which contribute to the formation and worsening of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). To clarify the underlying molecular mechanism of BaP-evoked CVDs, the present study mainly focused on both cellular and animal reports whose keywords include BaP and atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, hypertension, or myocardial injury. This review demonstrated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its relative signal transduction pathway exert a dominant role in the oxidative stress, inflammation response, and genetic toxicity of vessel-wall cells. Furthermore, antagonists and synergists of BaP are also discussed to better understand its mechanism of action on toxic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Fu
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuemin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao Xi
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zemiao Niu
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yonghuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoruo Gan
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengtian Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Food Safety Key Laboratory, Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pin Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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26
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Scandolara TB, Valle SF, Esteves C, Scherer NDM, de Armas EM, Furtado C, Gomes R, Boroni M, Jaques HDS, Alves FM, Rech D, Panis C, Bonvicino CR. Somatic DNA Damage Response and Homologous Repair Gene Alterations and Its Association With Tumor Variant Burden in Breast Cancer Patients With Occupational Exposure to Pesticides. Front Oncol 2022; 12:904813. [PMID: 35875117 PMCID: PMC9305859 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.904813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination is a crucial pathway that is specialized in repairing double-strand breaks; thus, alterations in genes of this pathway may lead to loss of genomic stability and cell growth suppression. Pesticide exposure potentially increases cancer risk through several mechanisms, such as the genotoxicity caused by chronic exposure, leading to gene alteration. To analyze this hypothesis, we investigated if breast cancer patients exposed to pesticides present a different mutational pattern in genes related to homologous recombination (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, and RAD51D) and damage-response (TP53) concerning unexposed patients. We performed multiplex PCR-based assays and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of all coding regions and flanking splicing sites of BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, TP53, and RAD51D in 158 unpaired tumor samples from breast cancer patients on MiSeq (Illumina) platform. We found that exposed patients had tumors with more pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants than unexposed patients (p = 0.017). In general, tumors that harbored a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant had a higher mutational burden (p < 0.001). We also observed that breast cancer patients exposed to pesticides had a higher mutational burden when diagnosed before 50 years old (p = 0.00978) and/or when carrying BRCA1 (p = 0.0138), BRCA2 (p = 0.0366), and/or PALB2 (p = 0.00058) variants, a result not found in the unexposed group. Our results show that pesticide exposure impacts the tumor mutational landscape and could be associated with the carcinogenesis process, therapy response, and disease progression. Further studies should increase the observation period in exposed patients to better evaluate the impact of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Basso Scandolara
- Department of Genetics, Biology Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sara Ferreira Valle
- Department of Genetics, Biology Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Esteves
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicole de Miranda Scherer
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elvismary Molina de Armas
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Informatics, Pontificia Universidade Católica (PUC)-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Furtado
- Division of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renan Gomes
- Division of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Boroni
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Mara Alves
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rech
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
- Francisco Beltrão Cancer Hospital, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of West Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino
- Department of Genetics, Biology Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Division of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Identification of Cigarette Smoking-Related Novel Biomarkers in Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9170722. [PMID: 35769670 PMCID: PMC9234045 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9170722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aims of this study were to screen the gene mutations that are able to predict the risk of cigarette smoking-related lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and to evaluate its prognostic significance. Methods Clinical data and genetic information were retrieved from the TCGA database, and the patients with LUAD were divided into three groups including never smoking, light smoking, and heavy smoking according to cigarette smoking dose. Differentially mutated genes (DMGs) of each group were analyzed. At the same time, the function of DMGs in three smoking groups was evaluated by GO function and KEGG pathway analysis. The driver genes and protein variation effect of DMGs were performed to further screen key genes. The survival characteristics of the gene expression and mutation of those genes were analyzed and plotted to visualize by the Kaplan-Meier model. Result The DMGs for different smoking doses were identified. The driver and deleterious mutation in the DMGs were screened and gene interaction network was constructed. The DMGs with driver mutations and deleterious mutations that were associated with the overall survival in the heavy smoking patients were considered as the candidate genes for novel markers of smoking-related LUAD. The final novel risk factor gene was identified as MYH7 and the high express of MYH7 in LUAD correlation with patients' gender, lymph node metastasis, T stage, and clinical stage. Conclusions In summary, it can be concluded that MYH7 is a novel biomarker for heavy smoking-related LUAD and it is significantly correlated with the prognosis of lung cancer and is related to the clinical characteristics of lung cancer.
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28
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Cheng G, Guo J, Carmella SG, Lindgren B, Ikuemonisan J, Niesen B, Jensen J, Hatsukami DK, Balbo S, Hecht SS. Increased acrolein-DNA adducts in buccal brushings of e-cigarette users. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:437-444. [PMID: 35239969 PMCID: PMC9167028 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA adducts are central in the mechanism of carcinogenesis by genotoxic agents. We compared levels of a DNA adduct of acrolein, a genotoxic carcinogen found in e-cigarette vapor, in oral cell DNA of e-cigarette users and non-users of any tobacco or nicotine product. e-Cigarette users and non-users visited our clinic once monthly for 6 months, and oral brushings and urine samples were collected. For this study, we analyzed oral cell DNA adducts from three monthly visits in e-cigarette users and non-users as confirmed by urinary cyanoethyl mercapturic acid and total nicotine equivalents. DNA was isolated from the oral brushings and analyzed by a validated liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry method for the acrolein DNA adduct 8R/S-3-(2'-deoxyribos-1'-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8-hydroxypyrimido[1,2-a]purine-10-(3H)-one (γ-OH-Acr-dGuo). The median value of this DNA adduct in the e-cigarette users was 179 fmol/µmol dGuo (range 5.0 - 793 fmol/µmol dGuo) while that for non-users was 21.0 fmol/µmol dGuo (range 5.0 - 539 fmol/µmol dGuo), P = 0.001. These results demonstrate for the first time that e-cigarette users have elevated levels of a carcinogen-DNA adduct in their oral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Cheng
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jiehong Guo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven G Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bruce Lindgren
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joshua Ikuemonisan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brittany Niesen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joni Jensen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Merino C, Casado M, Piña B, Vinaixa M, Ramírez N. Toxicity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in early development: A wide-scope metabolomics assay in zebrafish embryos. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:127746. [PMID: 35086039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a carcinogenic and ubiquitous environmental pollutant for which toxic activity has been thoroughly investigated in murine models and human tissues. However, its potential deleterious effects on vertebrate early development are yet poorly understood. In this work, we characterized the impact of NNK exposure during early developmental stages of zebrafish embryos, a known alternative model for mammalian toxicity studies. Embryos exposed to different NNK concentrations were monitored for lethality and for the appearance of malformations during the first five days after fertilization. LC-MS based untargeted metabolomics was subsequently performed for a wide-scope assay of NNK-related metabolic alterations. Our results revealed the presence of not only the parental compound, but also of two known NNK metabolites, 4-Hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)-butyric acid (HPBA) and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl-N-oxide)-1-butanol (NNAL-N-oxide) in exposed embryos likely resulting from active CYP450-mediated α-hydroxylation and NNK detoxification pathways, respectively. This was paralleled by a disruption in purine and pyrimidine metabolisms and the activation of the base excision repair pathway. Our results confirm NNK as a harmful embryonic agent and demonstrate zebrafish embryos to be a suitable early development model to monitor NNK toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Merino
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Tarragona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamí Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vinaixa
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Tarragona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Noelia Ramírez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Tarragona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Zhu Y, Wang W, Huang Q, Hu C, Sang S. Metabolic Investigation on the Interaction Mechanism between Dietary Dihydrochalcone Intake and Lipid Peroxidation Product Acrolein Reduction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101107. [PMID: 35194934 PMCID: PMC9081224 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Acrolein (ACR), a lipid peroxidation product, pathologically participates in various chronic diseases. In vitro evidence suggestes that dietary dihydrochalcones (DHCs) potentiate safe and alternative therapeutics to synthetic pharmaceuticals for ACR scavenging. Here, to investigate whether ingested DHCs could trap ACR and thereof result in reductions in endogenous ACR in mice is aimed. METHODS AND RESULTS Three doses of phloretin (25, 100, and 400 mg kg-1 ), a major dietary DHC, are orally administrated to mice and 24 h urine and fecal samples are collected, respectively. High-resolution MS-based targeted metabolomics reveal for the first time that phloretin and its oxidized metabolite are able to trap endogenous ACR via formation of ACR conjugates. Quantification further demonstrate that a) more than 13% of ingested phloretin can dose-dependently trap 0.77-9.92 nmol of ACR within 24 h; b) phloretin ingestion leads to marked reductions in both free ACR and ACR metabolites in mouse urine compared to control; and c) trapping reactions by phloretin can account for up to 20.1% of the total decreases in endogenous ACR, depending on the administration doses. CONCLUSION Findings from this study indicate that regular consumption of DHCs-rich diets holds great promise to alleviate the development of ACR-associated chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Weixin Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Qiju Huang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Changlin Hu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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Wiessner GB, Plumber SA, Xiang T, Mendelsohn CL. Development, regeneration and tumorigenesis of the urothelium. Development 2022; 149:dev198184. [PMID: 35521701 PMCID: PMC10656457 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The urothelium of the bladder functions as a waterproof barrier between tissue and outflowing urine. Largely quiescent during homeostasis, this unique epithelium rapidly regenerates in response to bacterial or chemical injury. The specification of the proper cell types during development and injury repair is crucial for tissue function. This Review surveys the current understanding of urothelial progenitor populations in the contexts of organogenesis, regeneration and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we discuss pathways and signaling mechanisms involved in urothelial differentiation, and consider the relevance of this knowledge to stem cell biology and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B. Wiessner
- Departments of Urology, Genetics and Development, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sakina A. Plumber
- Departments of Urology, Genetics and Development, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tina Xiang
- Departments of Urology, Genetics and Development, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cathy L. Mendelsohn
- Departments of Urology, Genetics and Development, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Wehmas LC, Wood CE, Guan P, Gosink M, Hester SD. Organocatalyst treatment improves variant calling and mutant detection in archival clinical samples. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6509. [PMID: 35443772 PMCID: PMC9021284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Formalin fixation of biological specimens damages nucleic acids and limits their use in genomic analyses. Previously, we showed that RNA isolation with an organocatalyst (2-amino-5-methylphenyl phosphonic acid, used to speed up reversal of formalin-induced adducts) and extended heated incubation (ORGΔ) improved RNA-sequencing data from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate whether ORGΔ treatment improves DNA-sequencing data from clinical FFPE samples. We isolated RNA and DNA ± ORGΔ from paired FFPE and frozen human renal and ovarian carcinoma specimens collected as part of the National Cancer Institute Biospecimen Pre-analytical Variables program. Tumor types were microscopically confirmed from adjacent tissue sections. Following extraction, DNA was fragmented and sequenced and differences were compared between frozen and FFPE sample pairs. Treatment with ORGΔ improved concurrent SNP calls in FFPE DNA compared to non-ORGΔ FFPE samples and enhanced confidence in SNP calls for all FFPE DNA samples, beyond that of matched frozen samples. In general, the concordant SNPs identified in paired frozen and FFPE DNA samples agreed for both genotype and homozygosity vs. heterozygosity of calls regardless of ORGΔ treatment. The increased confidence in ORGΔ FFPE DNA variant calls relative to the matched frozen DNA suggests a novel application of this method. With further optimization, this method may improve quality of DNA-sequencing data in FFPE as well as frozen tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Wehmas
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-B105-03, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Charles E Wood
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-B105-03, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Ping Guan
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Susan D Hester
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-B105-03, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Enjo-Barreiro JR, Ruano-Ravina A, Pérez-Ríos M, Kelsey K, Varela-Lema L, Torres-Durán M, Parente-Lamelas I, Provencio-Pulla M, Vidal-García I, Piñeiro-Lamas M, Fernández-Villar JA, Barros-Dios JM. Radon, Tobacco Exposure and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Risk Related to BER and NER Genetic Polymorphisms. Arch Bronconeumol 2022; 58:311-322. [PMID: 35312585 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco consumption and radon exposure are considered the first and second most common causes of lung cancer, respectively. The aim of this study was to analyze both whether selected genetic polymorphisms in loci that are in DNA repair pathways, are related to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and whether they may modulate the association between residential radon exposure and lung cancer in both smokers and never smokers. METHODS A multicentre, hospital-based, case-control study with 826 cases and 1201 controls was designed in a radon-prone area. Genotyping was determined in whole blood and residential radon exposure was measured in participants' dwellings. RESULTS Attending to tobacco exposure, the variant in the gene NBN (rs1805794) was associated with lung cancer in never smokers (OR 2.72; 95%1.44-5.2) and heavy smokers (OR 3.04; 95%CI 1.21-7.69). The polymorphism with the highest lung cancer association was OGG1 (rs125701), showing an OR of 8.04 (95%CI 1.64-58.29) for its homozygous variant genotype in heavy smokers. Attending to indoor radon exposure (>200Bq/m3), rs1452584, for its homozygous variant genotype, showed the highest association (OR 3.04 (95%CI 1.15-8.48). CONCLUSION The genes analyzed seem to have no association with the fully adjusted model, but they might modulate lung cancer association when different categories of tobacco consumption are considered (i.e. heavy smokers). This association may similarly be elevated for those individuals having high indoor radon exposures, though at a minor extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramón Enjo-Barreiro
- Service of Preventive Medicine, University Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University Teaching Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Alberto Ruano-Ravina
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University Teaching Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela-IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Mónica Pérez-Ríos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University Teaching Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela-IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Karl Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Leonor Varela-Lema
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University Teaching Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Iria Vidal-García
- Service of Neumology, University Hospital Complex of A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Piñeiro-Lamas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Juan M Barros-Dios
- Service of Preventive Medicine, University Complex of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University Teaching Hospital Complex, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Spain
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Ochoa CA, Nissen CG, Mosley DD, Bauer CD, Jordan DL, Bailey KL, Wyatt TA. Aldehyde Trapping by ADX-102 Is Protective against Cigarette Smoke and Alcohol Mediated Lung Cell Injury. Biomolecules 2022; 12:393. [PMID: 35327585 PMCID: PMC8946168 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorders smoke cigarettes. Large concentrations of malondialdehyde and acetaldehyde are found in lungs co-exposed to cigarette smoke and alcohol. Aldehydes directly injure lungs and form aldehyde protein adducts, impacting epithelial functions. Recently, 2-(3-Amino-6-chloroquinolin-2-yl)propan-2-ol (ADX-102) was developed as an aldehyde-trapping drug. We hypothesized that aldehyde-trapping compounds are protective against lung injury derived from cigarette smoke and alcohol co-exposure. To test this hypothesis, we pretreated mouse ciliated tracheal epithelial cells with 0-100 µM of ADX-102 followed by co-exposure to 5% cigarette smoke extract and 50 mM of ethanol. Pretreatment with ADX-102 dose-dependently protected against smoke and alcohol induced cilia-slowing, decreases in bronchial epithelial cell wound repair, decreases in epithelial monolayer resistance, and the formation of MAA adducts. ADX-102 concentrations up to 100 µM showed no cellular toxicity. As protein kinase C (PKC) activation is a known mechanism for slowing cilia and wound repair, we examined the effects of ADX-102 on smoke and alcohol induced PKC epsilon activity. ADX-102 prevented early (3 h) activation and late (24 h) autodownregulation of PKC epsilon in response to smoke and alcohol. These data suggest that reactive aldehydes generated from cigarette smoke and alcohol metabolism may be potential targets for therapeutic intervention to reduce lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A. Ochoa
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA; (C.A.O.); (D.D.M.); (C.D.B.); (D.L.J.); (K.L.B.)
| | - Claire G. Nissen
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA;
| | - Deanna D. Mosley
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA; (C.A.O.); (D.D.M.); (C.D.B.); (D.L.J.); (K.L.B.)
| | - Christopher D. Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA; (C.A.O.); (D.D.M.); (C.D.B.); (D.L.J.); (K.L.B.)
| | - Destiny L. Jordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA; (C.A.O.); (D.D.M.); (C.D.B.); (D.L.J.); (K.L.B.)
| | - Kristina L. Bailey
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA; (C.A.O.); (D.D.M.); (C.D.B.); (D.L.J.); (K.L.B.)
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA; (C.A.O.); (D.D.M.); (C.D.B.); (D.L.J.); (K.L.B.)
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA;
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
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Peng Z, Luo Y, Song C, Zhang Y, Sun S, Yu A, Zhang W, Zhao W, Zhang S, Xie J. A novel methodology and strategy to detect low molecular aldehydes in beer based on charged microdroplet driving online derivatization and high resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 383:132380. [PMID: 35180599 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of aldehydes is one of the important indicators in the food quality and safety. To efficiently analyze the four aldehydes (methanal, ethanal, propanal and n-butanal) in beer, charged microdroplet driving online derivatization apparatus coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry was firstly developed. Utilizing the high-speed reaction accelerated by microdroplets, the offline derivative of aldehydes with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in bulk was transferred into online derivatization. The developed method featured acceptable linearities (R2 ≥ 0.95), high sensitivities (LODs at ng mL-1 level) and qualified precisions (RSDs ≤ 8.4 %) for target compounds. Four aldehydes with trace amount were successfully determined in beer. The results indicated that the novel online analytical strategy did not require complex sample preparation and could conduct simple, rapid, sensitive detection of small molecule aldehydes with high throughput in beer or even other food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Peng
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yake Luo
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Chenchen Song
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Shihao Sun
- Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Ajuan Yu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Wenfen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
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Grootveld M. Evidence-Based Challenges to the Continued Recommendation and Use of Peroxidatively-Susceptible Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Rich Culinary Oils for High-Temperature Frying Practises: Experimental Revelations Focused on Toxic Aldehydic Lipid Oxidation Products. Front Nutr 2022; 8:711640. [PMID: 35071288 PMCID: PMC8769064 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.711640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, a series of research reports focused on dietary lipid oxidation products (LOPs), their toxicities and adverse health effects are critically reviewed in order to present a challenge to the mindset supporting, or strongly supporting, the notion that polyunsaturated fatty acid-laden frying oils are "safe" to use for high-temperature frying practises. The generation, physiological fates, and toxicities of less commonly known or documented LOPs, such as epoxy-fatty acids, are also considered. Primarily, an introduction to the sequential autocatalytic peroxidative degradation of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) occurring during frying episodes is described, as are the potential adverse health effects posed by the dietary consumption of aldehydic and other LOP toxins formed. In continuance, statistics on the dietary consumption of fried foods by humans are reviewed, with a special consideration of French fries. Subsequently, estimates of human dietary aldehyde intake are critically explored, which unfortunately are limited to acrolein and other lower homologues such as acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. However, a full update on estimates of quantities derived from fried food sources is provided here. Further items reviewed include the biochemical reactivities, metabolism and volatilities of aldehydic LOPs (the latter of which is of critical importance regarding the adverse health effects mediated by the inhalation of cooking/frying oil fumes); their toxicological actions, including sections focussed on governmental health authority tolerable daily intakes, delivery methods and routes employed for assessing such effects in animal model systems, along with problems encountered with the Cramer classification of such toxins. The mutagenicities, genotoxicities, and carcinogenic potential of aldehydes are then reviewed in some detail, and following this the physiological concentrations of aldehydes and their likely dietary sources are considered. Finally, conclusions from this study are drawn, with special reference to requirements for (1) the establishment of tolerable daily intake (TDI) values for a much wider range of aldehydic LOPs, and (2) the performance of future nutritional and epidemiological trials to explore associations between their dietary intake and the incidence and severity of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Tang MS, Lee HW, Weng MW, Wang HT, Hu Y, Chen LC, Park SH, Chan HW, Xu J, Wu XR, Wang H, Yang R, Galdane K, Jackson K, Chu A, Halzack E. DNA damage, DNA repair and carcinogenicity: Tobacco smoke versus electronic cigarette aerosol. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108409. [PMID: 35690412 PMCID: PMC9208310 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The allure of tobacco smoking is linked to the instant gratification provided by inhaled nicotine. Unfortunately, tobacco curing and burning generates many mutagens including more than 70 carcinogens. There are two types of mutagens and carcinogens in tobacco smoke (TS): direct DNA damaging carcinogens and procarcinogens, which require metabolic activation to become DNA damaging. Recent studies provide three new insights on TS-induced DNA damage. First, two major types of TS DNA damage are induced by direct carcinogen aldehydes, cyclic-1,N2-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (γ-OH-PdG) and α-methyl-1, N2-γ-OH-PdG, rather than by the procarcinogens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines. Second, TS reduces DNA repair proteins and activity levels. TS aldehydes also prevent procarcinogen activation. Based on these findings, we propose that aldehydes are major sources of TS induce DNA damage and a driving force for carcinogenesis. E-cigarettes (E-cigs) are designed to deliver nicotine in an aerosol state, without burning tobacco. E-cigarette aerosols (ECAs) contain nicotine, propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin. ECAs induce O6-methyl-deoxyguanosines (O6-medG) and cyclic γ-hydroxy-1,N2--propano-dG (γ-OH-PdG) in mouse lung, heart and bladder tissues and causes a reduction of DNA repair proteins and activity in lungs. Nicotine and nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) induce the same types of DNA adducts and cause DNA repair inhibition in human cells. After long-term exposure, ECAs induce lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice. We propose that E-cig nicotine can be nitrosated in mouse and human cells becoming nitrosamines, thereby causing two carcinogenic effects, induction of DNA damage and inhibition of DNA repair, and that ECA is carcinogenic in mice. Thus, this article reviews the newest literature on DNA adducts and DNA repair inhibition induced by nicotine and ECAs in mice and cultured human cells, and provides insights into ECA carcinogenicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Shong Tang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States.
| | - Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Mao-Wen Weng
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Hsiang-Tsui Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Sung-Hyun Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Huei-Wei Chan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Jiheng Xu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departmemt of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016, United States
| | - He Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson MedicalSchool, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Karen Galdane
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Kathryn Jackson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Annie Chu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
| | - Elizabeth Halzack
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Pathology and Medicine, United States
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Liu D, Cheng Y, Chen J, Mei X, Tang Z, Cao X, Liu J. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of the inhibition of acrolein-induced BEAS-2B cytotoxicity by luteolin using network pharmacology and cell biology technology. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 160:112779. [PMID: 34958803 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein is a highly reactive unsaturated hazardous air pollutant, which is extremely irritating to the respiratory tract. Luteolin, an active flavonoid compound, possesses multiple biological activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of the inhibition of acrolein-induced human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells cytotoxicity by luteolin using network pharmacology and cell biology technology. Firstly, network pharmacology results indicated that oxidative stress processes might play an important role in luteolin inhibiting lung injury. Next, it was verified at the cellular level. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation increased, glutathione (GSH) level decreased after exposure to acrolein. MAPK signaling pathways were activated, which activated downstream IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathways. Meanwhile, acrolein caused oxidative DNA damage and double-strand breaks, induced DNA damage response (DDR) and apoptosis. These adverse effects were significantly reversed by luteolin, which inhibited the activation of MAPK/IκBα/NF-κB and DDR pathways, and reduced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Moreover, luteolin also had a similar effect to antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in the regulation of signaling transduction mechanisms, which indicated that the regulation of oxidative stress played an important role in the process. These results provide an experimental basis for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the inhibition of acrolein-induced BEAS-2B cytotoxicity with luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China
| | - Xueying Mei
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Tang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China.
| | - Jianli Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, PR China.
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Yuwono NL, Warton K, Ford CE. The influence of biological and lifestyle factors on circulating cell-free DNA in blood plasma. eLife 2021; 10:e69679. [PMID: 34752217 PMCID: PMC8577835 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Research and clinical use of circulating cell-free DNA (cirDNA) is expanding rapidly; however, there remain large gaps in our understanding of the influence of lifestyle and biological factors on the amount of cirDNA present in blood. Here, we review 66 individual studies of cirDNA levels and lifestyle and biological factors, including exercise (acute and chronic), alcohol consumption, occupational hazard exposure, smoking, body mass index, menstruation, hypertension, circadian rhythm, stress, biological sex and age. Despite technical and methodological inconsistences across studies, we identify acute exercise as a significant influence on cirDNA levels. Given the large increase in cirDNA induced by acute exercise, we recommend that controlling for physical activity prior to blood collection is routinely incorporated into study design when total cirDNA levels are of interest. We also highlight appropriate selection and complete reporting of laboratory protocols as important for improving the reproducibility cirDNA studies and ability to critically evaluate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Laurencia Yuwono
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Kristina Warton
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Caroline Elizabeth Ford
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
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40
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Tate T, Xiang T, Wobker SE, Zhou M, Chen X, Kim H, Batourina E, Lin CS, Kim WY, Lu C, Mckiernan JM, Mendelsohn CL. Pparg signaling controls bladder cancer subtype and immune exclusion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6160. [PMID: 34697317 PMCID: PMC8545976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pparg, a nuclear receptor, is downregulated in basal subtype bladder cancers that tend to be muscle invasive and amplified in luminal subtype bladder cancers that tend to be non-muscle invasive. Bladder cancers derive from the urothelium, one of the most quiescent epithelia in the body, which is composed of basal, intermediate, and superficial cells. We find that expression of an activated form of Pparg (VP16;Pparg) in basal progenitors induces formation of superficial cells in situ, that exit the cell cycle, and do not form tumors. Expression in basal progenitors that have been activated by mild injury however, results in luminal tumor formation. We find that these tumors are immune deserted, which may be linked to down-regulation of Nf-kb, a Pparg target. Interestingly, some luminal tumors begin to shift to basal subtype tumors with time, down-regulating Pparg and other luminal markers. Our findings have important implications for treatment and diagnosis of bladder cancer. PPARg is differentially expressed in bladder cancer subtypes. Here, the authors show in mice that when an activated form of PPARg is expressed in basal bladder cells tumours do not form, however in the presence of injury the basal cells differentiate into luminal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Tate
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tina Xiang
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sarah E Wobker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ekatherina Batourina
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Transgenic Mouse Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - James M Mckiernan
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Cathy Lee Mendelsohn
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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41
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Freitas DM, Andriole GL, Freedland SJ, Neto BS, Moreira DM. Smoking Is Associated With Basal Cell Hyperplasia on Prostate Biopsy Specimens. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 156:934-938. [PMID: 33939794 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To the best of our knowledge, no study has analyzed the association between cigarette smoking and prostate basal cell proliferation. Therefore, we sought to evaluate whether smoking status is associated with the presence of basal cell hyperplasia (BCH). METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 8,196 men aged 50 to 75 years with prostate-specific antigen values between 2.5 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL and prior negative biopsy who were enrolled in the (REDUCE) trial. Cigarette smoking status was divided into current, former, or never categories at enrollment. The association between smoking and baseline BCH was evaluated, with logistic regression in univariable and multivariable analysis. RESULTS A total of 1,233 (15.1%) men were current smokers, 3,206 (39.1%) were former smokers, and 3,575 (45.8%) were never smokers. In univariable analysis, current smoking was associated with higher baseline BCH occurrence compared with never (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-3.10) and former smokers (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.06-2.95). Similar results were found after adjusting for patient characteristics (current vs never smokers: OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.14-3.26; current vs former smokers: OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01-2.91). CONCLUSIONS Among men undergoing prostate biopsy, all of whom had a negative biopsy result, current smoking at enrollment was independently associated with BCH in standard peripheral zone prostate biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Melecchi Freitas
- Division of Urology, Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Urology, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gerald L Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Section of Urology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brasil S Neto
- Department of Urology, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel M Moreira
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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42
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Russi M, Marson D, Fermeglia A, Aulic S, Fermeglia M, Laurini E, Pricl S. The fellowship of the RING: BRCA1, its partner BARD1 and their liaison in DNA repair and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108009. [PMID: 34619284 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and its partner - the BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) - are key players in a plethora of fundamental biological functions including, among others, DNA repair, replication fork protection, cell cycle progression, telomere maintenance, chromatin remodeling, apoptosis and tumor suppression. However, mutations in their encoding genes transform them into dangerous threats, and substantially increase the risk of developing cancer and other malignancies during the lifetime of the affected individuals. Understanding how BRCA1 and BARD1 perform their biological activities therefore not only provides a powerful mean to prevent such fatal occurrences but can also pave the way to the development of new targeted therapeutics. Thus, through this review work we aim at presenting the major efforts focused on the functional characterization and structural insights of BRCA1 and BARD1, per se and in combination with all their principal mediators and regulators, and on the multifaceted roles these proteins play in the maintenance of human genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russi
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alice Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Suzana Aulic
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTs), DEA, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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43
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Teklu G, Negash M, Asefaw T, Tesfay F, Gebremariam G, Teklehaimanot G, Wolde M, Tsegaye A. Effect of Gasoline Exposure on Hematological Parameters of Gas Station Workers in Mekelle City, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia. J Blood Med 2021; 12:839-847. [PMID: 34557051 PMCID: PMC8453173 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s286743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The adverse health effects of chronic gasoline exposure may be related to impairment of the hematopoietic system with bone marrow suppression, an increased risk of blood cell morphology abnormality and developing cancer. Objective To assess the effect of gasoline exposure on hematological parameters among gas station workers in Mekelle City, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 43 subjects (exposed group) and 77 subjects (unexposed group) with matched age and sex. Socio-demographic characteristics and duration of exposure data were collected using a structured questionnaire and an observation checklist. Sysmex XP-300 was used for hematological analysis and stained peripheral blood smear was examined for any abnormality. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results Of exposed individuals, 28/43 (65.1%) and 49/77 (63.6%) of controls were males. The average exposure time was 5.19±4.38 years, with an average working hour of 11.74±1.89 hours/day. The mean RBC count (1012/L), HCT (%), HGB (g/dl) and platelets count (109/L) of the exposed group were significantly lower (4.88±0.573, 43.29±3.71, 15.04±1.33 and 248.95±58.19) compared with controls (5.35±0.533, 44.95±3.10, 15.59±1.26 and 292.45±62.17) at p<0.05, respectively. The MCH (pg) (30.48±2.06 vs 29.52±1.66) and MCHC (g/dl) (34.83±0.988 vs 34.32±0.927) were significantly higher in the exposed group compared with controls (p<0.05). HCT, RBC, HGB and platelet counts were significantly decreased with increased years of exposure (p<0.05). The peripheral blood film examination revealed basophilic stippling and macrocytosis in 9.3% of the exposed group. Conclusion Long-term exposure to gasoline at gas stations affected RBC parameters and platelet count. A significant negative correlation was noted between duration of exposure and HGB, HCT and platelet count, warranting implementation of protective measures at gas stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebre Teklu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Mikias Negash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegay Asefaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Feven Tesfay
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Gebreslassie Gebremariam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mistire Wolde
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aster Tsegaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Sami A, Elimairi I, Patangia D, Watkins C, Ryan CA, Ross RP, Stanton C. The ultra-structural, metabolomic and metagenomic characterisation of the sudanese smokeless tobacco 'Toombak'. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1498-1512. [PMID: 34401360 PMCID: PMC8355839 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Toombak, a form of moist smokeless tobacco from Sudan is placed as a dip in the oral cavity most commonly used by males. The microbiome of Toombak predominantly consists of the phyla, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria while abundant species include Corynebacterium casei, Atopostipes suicloacalis and Oceanobacillus chironomi. High concentrations of iron, volatile aldehydes and tobacco specific nitrosamines were found in Toombak and can lead to toxicity. Toombak has a non-homogenous abrasive surface with a high sodium level in the ready to buy form that can damage the oral mucosa. New measures must be taken in Sudan to limit harmful compounds in Toombak.
Toombak is a smokeless tobacco produced from the Nicotiana rustica tobacco plant from Sudan. Pre-prepared and ready to buy Toombak samples were analysed using mass spectrometry (heavy metals), gas and liquid chromatography (metabolomics), 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing (microbiome) and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and pH analysis. Chromium, cobalt, and copper were high in the pre-prepared form of Toombak while iron, tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were high in both types. Firmicutes and Actinobacteria dominated Toombak. Samples of ready to buy Toombak showed inter-variational differences depending on place of purchase. We found Virgibacillus were increased in the pre-prepared form while Corynebacterium casei, Atopococus tabaci, Atopostipes suicloacalis, Oceanobacillus chironomi and Staphylococcus gallinarum were the most abundant species in the ready to buy forms. PICRUSt analysis highlighted increased activity of metal transport systems in the ready to buy samples as well as an antibiotic transport system. SEM-EDX highlighted large non-homogenous, irregular particles with increased sodium, while pH of samples was in the alkaline range. The final composition of Toombak is affected by its method of preparation and the end product has the potential to impart many negative consequences on the health of its users. TSNA levels observed in Toombak were some of the highest in the world while the micro-environment of Toombak supports a distinct microbiota profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Sami
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, National Ribat University, Nile Street, Khartoum, 1111, Sudan
| | - Imad Elimairi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, National Ribat University, Nile Street, Khartoum, 1111, Sudan
| | - Dhrati Patangia
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Claire Watkins
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - C Anthony Ryan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 DFK4, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YN60, Ireland.,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
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Hamad SH, Brinkman MC, Tsai YH, Mellouk N, Cross K, Jaspers I, Clark PI, Granville CA. Pilot Study to Detect Genes Involved in DNA Damage and Cancer in Humans: Potential Biomarkers of Exposure to E-Cigarette Aerosols. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030448. [PMID: 33809907 PMCID: PMC8004185 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on how gene expression enables identification of individuals who are at risk of exposure to carcinogens from e-cigarette (e-cig) vaping; and how human vaping behaviors modify these exposures. This pilot study aimed to identify genes regulated from acute exposure to e-cig using RT-qPCR. Three subjects (2M and 1F) made three visits to the lab (nTOT = 9 visits); buccal and blood samples were collected before and immediately after scripted vaping 20 puffs (nTOT = 18 samples); vaping topography data were collected in each session. Subjects used their own e-cig containing 50:50 propylene glycol (PG):vegetable glycerine (VG) +3-6 mg/mL nicotine. The tumor suppressor TP53 was significantly upregulated in buccal samples. TP53 expression was puff volume and flow rate dependent in both tissues. In blood, the significant downregulation of N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG), a base excision repair gene, was consistent across all subjects. In addition to DNA repair pathway, cell cycle and cancer pathways were the most enriched pathways in buccal and blood samples, respectively. This pilot study demonstrates that vaping 20 puffs significantly alters expression of TP53 in human tissues; vaping behavior is an important modifier of this response. A larger study is needed to confirm these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samera H. Hamad
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.H.H.); (P.I.C.); (C.A.G.); Tel.: +1-608-217-2829 (S.H.H.); +1-443-791-3553 (P.I.C.); +1-614-607-2766 (C.A.G.)
| | | | - Yi-Hsuan Tsai
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Namya Mellouk
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Kandice Cross
- Gad Consulting Services, Risk Assessment, Consulting in Raleigh, Raleigh, NC 27609, USA;
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pamela I. Clark
- School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Correspondence: (S.H.H.); (P.I.C.); (C.A.G.); Tel.: +1-608-217-2829 (S.H.H.); +1-443-791-3553 (P.I.C.); +1-614-607-2766 (C.A.G.)
| | - Courtney A. Granville
- Drug Information Association, Washington, DC 20036, USA
- Correspondence: (S.H.H.); (P.I.C.); (C.A.G.); Tel.: +1-608-217-2829 (S.H.H.); +1-443-791-3553 (P.I.C.); +1-614-607-2766 (C.A.G.)
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46
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A review of tobacco abuse and its epidemiological consequences. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG 2021; 30:1485-1500. [PMID: 33425659 PMCID: PMC7786188 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-020-01443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim The economic burden caused by death and disease in the world is credited mainly to tobacco use—currently linked to approximately 8,000,000 deaths per year with approximately 80% of these faralities reported in low and middle income economies. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that nearly 7,000,000 deaths are attributed to direct tobacco use, while approximately 1,200,000 non-smokers exposed to second hand cigarette smoke die every year. Accordingly, tobacco use is a major threat to the public health infrastructure; therefore, proper cessation interventions must be put in place to curb tobacco abuse and ease economic and social burdens caused by the tobacco epidemic. Methods A systematic review was conducted to investigate how scientific efforts have been advanced towards harm reduction among smokers and non-smokers. Relevant articles published during the period 2010–2020 in PubMed, Crossref, Google scholar, and Web of Science were used in this study. The articles were selected based on health impacts of cigarette smoking, tobacco cessation and emerging diseases, including Covid−19. Various cessation strategies have been identified although their efficiency is yet to match the desired results. Results A series of carcinogenic chemicals are generated during cigarette smoking resulting in serious health complications such as cancer and mutagenesis. The precursors for tobacco induced diseases are toxic and carcinogenic chemicals of the nitrosamine type, aldehydes, polonium-210 and benzo[a]pyrene, which bio-accumulate in the body system during cigarette smoking to cause disease. Rehabilitation facilities, use of drugs to diminish the desire to smoke, heavy taxation of tobacco products and warning labels on cigarettes are some of the cessation strategies employed towards curbing tobacco abuse. Conclusion The need for further research to develop better methods and research based policies for safe cigarette smoking and workable cessation strategies must be a priority in order to deal with the tobacco epidemic. Campaigns to promote tobacco cessation and abstinence are recommended in this review as a sure measure to mitigate against the deleterious impacts caused by cigarette smoking and tobacco abuse.
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Bracken-Clarke D, Kapoor D, Baird AM, Buchanan PJ, Gately K, Cuffe S, Finn SP. Vaping and lung cancer - A review of current data and recommendations. Lung Cancer 2021; 153:11-20. [PMID: 33429159 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide and, while tobacco smoke remains the primary cause, there is increasing concern that vaping and E-cigarette use may also increase lung cancer risk. This review concentrates on the current data, scholarship and active foci of research regarding potential cancer risk and oncogenic mechanisms of vaping and lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a literature review of current and historical publications on lung cancer oncogenesis, vaping device/e-liquid contents and daughter products, molecular oncogenic mechanisms and the fundamental, potentially oncogenic, effects of electronic cigarette smoke/e-liquid products. RESULTS E-cigarette devices and vaping fluids demonstrably contain a series of both definite and probable oncogens including nicotine derivatives (e.g. nitrosnornicotine, nitrosamine ketone), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals (including organometal compounds) and aldehydes/other complex organic compounds. These arise both as constituents of the e-liquid (with many aldehydes and other complex organics used as flavourings) and as a result of pyrolysis/complex organic reactions in the electronic cigarette device (including unequivocal carcinogens such as formaldehyde - formed from pyrolysis of glycerol). Various studies demonstrate in vitro transforming and cytotoxic activity of these derivatives. E-cigarette device use has been significantly increasing - particularly amongst the younger cohort and non-smokers; thus, this is an area of significant concern for the future. CONCLUSION Although research remains somewhat equivocal, there is clear reason for concern regarding the potential oncogenicity of E-Cigarettes/E-Liquids with a strong basic and molecular science basis. Given lag times (extrapolating from tobacco smoke data) of perhaps 20 years, this may have significant future public health implications. Thus, the authors feel further study in this field is strongly warranted and consideration should be made for tighter control and regulation of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhruv Kapoor
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul James Buchanan
- DCU Cancer Research, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathy Gately
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College School of Medicine and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James' Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Pathology, St James' Hospital and Trinity College School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
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48
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Housh K, Jha JS, Haldar T, Amin SBM, Islam T, Wallace A, Gomina A, Guo X, Nel C, Wyatt JW, Gates KS. Formation and repair of unavoidable, endogenous interstrand cross-links in cellular DNA. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 98:103029. [PMID: 33385969 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome integrity is essential for life and, as a result, DNA repair systems evolved to remove unavoidable DNA lesions from cellular DNA. Many forms of life possess the capacity to remove interstrand DNA cross-links (ICLs) from their genome but the identity of the naturally-occurring, endogenous substrates that drove the evolution and retention of these DNA repair systems across a wide range of life forms remains uncertain. In this review, we describe more than a dozen chemical processes by which endogenous ICLs plausibly can be introduced into cellular DNA. The majority involve DNA degradation processes that introduce aldehyde residues into the double helix or reactions of DNA with endogenous low molecular weight aldehyde metabolites. A smaller number of the cross-linking processes involve reactions of DNA radicals generated by oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Housh
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Jay S Jha
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Tuhin Haldar
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Saosan Binth Md Amin
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Tanhaul Islam
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Amanda Wallace
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Anuoluwapo Gomina
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Xu Guo
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Christopher Nel
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Jesse W Wyatt
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Kent S Gates
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; University of Missouri, Department of Biochemistry, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
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49
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Zhang S, Chen H, Zhang J, Li J, Hou H, Hu Q. The multiplex interactions and molecular mechanism on genotoxicity induced by formaldehyde and acrolein mixtures on human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105943. [PMID: 32659531 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes are common air pollutants with carcinogenicity. Genotoxicity of single aldehyde has been studied well, but the combined genotoxicity is rarely known. Here, we evaluated the combined genotoxicity of formaldehyde and acrolein on BEAS-2B cells in terms of DNA strands breakage, chromosome damage and gene mutation below subcytotoxic concentrations covering smoking-related concentrations. Meanwhile, the molecular mechanism was investigated further based on oxidative stress, DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs), cell cycle and DNA damage-repair pathway. Co-exposure to formaldehyde and acrolein mixtures showed significantly synergistic interaction on DNA strands breakage and chromosome damage in a concentration/time-dependent manner, while antagonism was shown on the late genotoxic endpoints (e.g. cytoplasmic block micronucleus (CBMN) and HPRT gene mutation). Moreover, formaldehyde synergistically potentiated acrolein-induced S-phase arrest, inhibition of DNA repair and up-regulation of genes related to cell stress, which conversely strengtherned mixture-induced DNA/chromosome damage and finally resulted in antagonism on late genotoxic events. Additionally, formaldehyde-induced DNA damage mainly resulted from the direct covalent bonding (e.g. DPCs), while acrolein-induced DNA damage mainly generated from oxidative damage (e.g. oxidative stress), which dominated the synergistic DNA strand breakage induced by mixtures. Summarily, aldehyde mixtures (formaldehyde and acrolein) induced multiplex combined genotoxicity on BEAS-2B cells even at smoking-related concentrations, which was dependent on genotoxic endpoints and closely related to that formaldehyde potentiated acrolein-induced cell stress, S-phase arrest and inhibition of DNA repair. So prolonged exposure to aldehyde mixtures may have a more serious risk to respiratory system in animal and human than the expectation based on the toxicity of single aldehyde even at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jingni Zhang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Center, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
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50
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Yamashita R, Komaki Y, Yang G, Ibuki Y. Cell line-dependent difference in glutathione levels affects the cigarette sidestream smoke-induced inhibition of nucleotide excision repair. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 858-860:503273. [PMID: 33198939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that cigarette sidestream smoke (CSS) induced inhibition of nucleotide excision repair (NER) and the cause was NER molecule degradation by aldehydes contained in CSS [Carcinogenesis39, 56-65, 2018; Mutat. Res.834, 42-50, 2018]. In this study, we examined the relationship between intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels and CSS-induced NER inhibition. CSS treatment decreased the intracellular GSH level in human keratinocytes HaCaT, in which the repair of pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs) after UVB irradiation was suppressed. We used l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) to artificially deplete intracellular GSH level. BSO treatment remarkably accelerated the CSS-induced NER inhibition. The NER inhibition by CSS was attributed to the delay of accumulation of NER molecules (TFIIH and XPG) to DNA damaged sites, which was further enhanced by BSO treatment. CSS degraded TFIIH, and BSO promoted it as expected. Formaldehyde (FA), a major constituent of CSS, showed similar intracellular GSH reduction and NER inhibition, and BSO promoted its inhibitory effect. Five cultured cell lines showed considerable variability in intrinsic GSH levels, and CSS-induced NER inhibitory effect was significantly correlated with the GSH levels. Chemicals like aldehydes are known to react not only with proteins but also with DNA, causing DNA lesions targeted by NER. Our results suggest that the tissues and cells with low intrinsic GSH levels are susceptible to treatment with CSS and electrophilic compounds like aldehydes through NER inhibition, thus leading to higher genotoxicity and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Yamashita
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yukako Komaki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Guang Yang
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuko Ibuki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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