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Parr AC, Sydnor VJ, Calabro FJ, Luna B. Adolescent-to-adult gains in cognitive flexibility are adaptively supported by reward sensitivity, exploration, and neural variability. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2024; 58:101399. [PMID: 38826569 PMCID: PMC11138371 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2024.101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility exhibits dynamic changes throughout development, with different forms of flexibility showing dissociable developmental trajectories. In this review, we propose that an adolescent-specific mode of flexibility in the face of changing environmental contingencies supports the emergence of adolescent-to-adult gains in cognitive shifting efficiency. We first describe how cognitive shifting abilities monotonically improve from childhood to adulthood, accompanied by increases in brain state flexibility, neural variability, and excitatory/inhibitory balance. We next summarize evidence supporting the existence of a dopamine-driven, adolescent peak in flexible behavior that results in reward seeking, undirected exploration, and environmental sampling. We propose a neurodevelopmental framework that relates these adolescent behaviors to the refinement of neural phenotypes relevant to mature cognitive flexibility, and thus highlight the importance of the adolescent period in fostering healthy neurocognitive trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley C. Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 14213, USA
| | - Valerie J. Sydnor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 14213, USA
| | - Finnegan J. Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 14213, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 14213, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 14213, USA
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2
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Imoto K, Ishikawa Y, Aso Y, Funke J, Tanaka R, Kamikouchi A. Neural-circuit basis of song preference learning in fruit flies. iScience 2024; 27:110266. [PMID: 39040064 PMCID: PMC11260866 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As observed in human language learning and song learning in birds, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster changes its auditory behaviors according to prior sound experiences. This phenomenon, known as song preference learning in flies, requires GABAergic input to pC1 neurons in the brain, with these neurons playing a key role in mating behavior. The neural circuit basis of this GABAergic input, however, is not known. Here, we find that GABAergic neurons expressing the sex-determination gene doublesex are necessary for song preference learning. In the brain, only four doublesex-expressing GABAergic neurons exist per hemibrain, identified as pCd-2 neurons. pCd-2 neurons directly, and in many cases mutually, connect with pC1 neurons, suggesting the existence of reciprocal circuits between them. Moreover, GABAergic and dopaminergic inputs to doublesex-expressing GABAergic neurons are necessary for song preference learning. Together, this study provides a neural circuit model that underlies experience-dependent auditory plasticity at a single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Imoto
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Aso
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Jan Funke
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Ryoya Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Azusa Kamikouchi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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3
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Patton MH, Thomas KT, Bayazitov IT, Newman KD, Kurtz NB, Robinson CG, Ramirez CA, Trevisan AJ, Bikoff JB, Peters ST, Pruett-Miller SM, Jiang Y, Schild AB, Nityanandam A, Zakharenko SS. Synaptic plasticity in human thalamocortical assembloids. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114503. [PMID: 39018245 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticities, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), tune synaptic efficacy and are essential for learning and memory. Current studies of synaptic plasticity in humans are limited by a lack of adequate human models. Here, we modeled the thalamocortical system by fusing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived thalamic and cortical organoids. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed that >80% of cells in thalamic organoids were glutamatergic neurons. When fused to form thalamocortical assembloids, thalamic and cortical organoids formed reciprocal long-range axonal projections and reciprocal synapses detectable by light and electron microscopy, respectively. Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology and two-photon imaging, we characterized glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Thalamocortical and corticothalamic synapses displayed short-term plasticity analogous to that in animal models. LTP and LTD were reliably induced at both synapses; however, their mechanisms differed from those previously described in rodents. Thus, thalamocortical assembloids provide a model system for exploring synaptic plasticity in human circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Patton
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kristen T Thomas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ildar T Bayazitov
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kyle D Newman
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nathaniel B Kurtz
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Camenzind G Robinson
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cody A Ramirez
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alexandra J Trevisan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jay B Bikoff
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Samuel T Peters
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yanbo Jiang
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Andrew B Schild
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anjana Nityanandam
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stanislav S Zakharenko
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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4
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Leier HC, Foden AJ, Jindal DA, Wilkov AJ, Van der Linden Costello P, Vanderzalm PJ, Coutinho-Budd JC, Tabuchi M, Broihier HT. Glia control experience-dependent plasticity in an olfactory critical period. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.05.602232. [PMID: 39005309 PMCID: PMC11245089 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.05.602232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Sensory experience during developmental critical periods has lifelong consequences for circuit function and behavior, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which experience causes these changes are not well understood. The Drosophila antennal lobe houses synapses between olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and downstream projection neurons (PNs) in stereotyped glomeruli. Many glomeruli exhibit structural plasticity in response to early-life odor exposure, indicating a general sensitivity of the fly olfactory circuitry to early sensory experience. We recently found that glia regulate the development of the antennal lobe in young adult flies, leading us to ask if glia also drive experience-dependent plasticity. Here we define a critical period for structural and functional plasticity of OSN-PN synapses in the ethyl butyrate (EB)-sensitive glomerulus VM7. EB exposure for the first two days post-eclosion drives large-scale reductions in glomerular volume, presynapse number, and post-synaptic activity. The highly conserved engulfment receptor Draper is required for this critical period plasticity. Specifically, ensheathing glia upregulate Draper expression, invade the VM7 glomerulus, and phagocytose OSN presynaptic terminals in response to critical-period EB exposure. Crucially, synapse pruning during the critical period has long-term consequences for circuit function since both OSN-PN synapse number and spontaneous activity of PNs remain persistently decreased. These data demonstrate experience-dependent pruning of synapses in olfactory circuitry and argue that the Drosophila antennal lobe will be a powerful model for defining the function of glia in critical period plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Leier
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
| | - Alexander J Foden
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
| | - Darren A Jindal
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
| | - Abigail J Wilkov
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
| | | | - Pamela J Vanderzalm
- Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, United States
| | - Jaeda C Coutinho-Budd
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Masashi Tabuchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
| | - Heather T Broihier
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
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5
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Saberi A, Wischnewski KJ, Jung K, Lotter LD, Schaare HL, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Brühl R, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Lemaitre H, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Holz N, Baeuchl C, Smolka MN, Vaidya N, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Paus T, Dukart J, Bernhardt BC, Popovych OV, Eickhoff SB, Valk SL. Adolescent maturation of cortical excitation-inhibition balance based on individualized biophysical network modeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.18.599509. [PMID: 38948771 PMCID: PMC11213014 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.599509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The balance of excitation and inhibition is a key functional property of cortical microcircuits which changes through the lifespan. Adolescence is considered a crucial period for the maturation of excitation-inhibition balance. This has been primarily observed in animal studies, yet human in vivo evidence on adolescent maturation of the excitation-inhibition balance at the individual level is limited. Here, we developed an individualized in vivo marker of regional excitation-inhibition balance in human adolescents, estimated using large-scale simulations of biophysical network models fitted to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from two independent cross-sectional (N = 752) and longitudinal (N = 149) cohorts. We found a widespread relative increase of inhibition in association cortices paralleled by a relative age-related increase of excitation, or lack of change, in sensorimotor areas across both datasets. This developmental pattern co-aligned with multiscale markers of sensorimotor-association differentiation. The spatial pattern of excitation-inhibition development in adolescence was robust to inter-individual variability of structural connectomes and modeling configurations. Notably, we found that alternative simulation-based markers of excitation-inhibition balance show a variable sensitivity to maturational change. Taken together, our study highlights an increase of inhibition during adolescence in association areas using cross sectional and longitudinal data, and provides a robust computational framework to estimate microcircuit maturation in vivo at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Saberi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin J Wischnewski
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Kyesam Jung
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leon D Lotter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Stephanstrasse 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - H Lina Schaare
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), site Berlin-Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie"; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie"; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie"; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Herve Lemaitre
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Baeuchl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Oleksandr V Popovych
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofie L Valk
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Sydnor VJ, Bagautdinova J, Larsen B, Arcaro MJ, Barch DM, Bassett DS, Alexander-Bloch AF, Cook PA, Covitz S, Franco AR, Gur RE, Gur RC, Mackey AP, Mehta K, Meisler SL, Milham MP, Moore TM, Müller EJ, Roalf DR, Salo T, Schubiner G, Seidlitz J, Shinohara RT, Shine JM, Yeh FC, Cieslak M, Satterthwaite TD. A sensorimotor-association axis of thalamocortical connection development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.13.598749. [PMID: 38915591 PMCID: PMC11195180 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.13.598749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Human cortical development follows a sensorimotor-to-association sequence during childhood and adolescence1-6. The brain's capacity to enact this sequence over decades indicates that it relies on intrinsic mechanisms to regulate inter-regional differences in the timing of cortical maturation, yet regulators of human developmental chronology are not well understood. Given evidence from animal models that thalamic axons modulate windows of cortical plasticity7-12, here we evaluate the overarching hypothesis that structural connections between the thalamus and cortex help to coordinate cortical maturational heterochronicity during youth. We first introduce, cortically annotate, and anatomically validate a new atlas of human thalamocortical connections using diffusion tractography. By applying this atlas to three independent youth datasets (ages 8-23 years; total N = 2,676), we reproducibly demonstrate that thalamocortical connections develop along a maturational gradient that aligns with the cortex's sensorimotor-association axis. Associative cortical regions with thalamic connections that take longest to mature exhibit protracted expression of neurochemical, structural, and functional markers indicative of higher circuit plasticity as well as heightened environmental sensitivity. This work highlights a central role for the thalamus in the orchestration of hierarchically organized and environmentally sensitive windows of cortical developmental malleability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J. Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joëlle Bagautdinova
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael J. Arcaro
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Aaron F. Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip A. Cook
- Penn Image Computing and Science Lab (PICSL), Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sydney Covitz
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Schools of Engineering and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandre R. Franco
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Strategic Data Initiatives, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allyson P. Mackey
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kahini Mehta
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven L. Meisler
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard University, Division of Medical Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael P. Milham
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eli J. Müller
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David R. Roalf
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taylor Salo
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell T. Shinohara
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, & Informatics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James M. Shine
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fang-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Cieslak
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Zhao Z, Shuai Y, Wu Y, Xu X, Li M, Wu D. Age-dependent functional development pattern in neonatal brain: An fMRI-based brain entropy study. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120669. [PMID: 38852805 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between brain entropy (BEN) and early brain development has been established through animal studies. However, it remains unclear whether the BEN can be used to identify age-dependent functional changes in human neonatal brains and the genetic underpinning of the new neuroimaging marker remains to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed resting-state fMRI data from the Developing Human Connectome Project, including 280 infants who were scanned at 37.5-43.5 weeks postmenstrual age. The BEN maps were calculated for each subject, and a voxel-wise analysis was conducted using a general linear model to examine the effects of age, sex, and preterm birth on BEN. Additionally, we evaluated the correlation between regional BEN and gene expression levels. Our results demonstrated that the BEN in the sensorimotor-auditory and association cortices, along the 'S-A' axis, was significantly positively correlated with postnatal age (PNA), and negatively correlated with gestational age (GA), respectively. Meanwhile, the BEN in the right rolandic operculum correlated significantly with both GA and PNA. Preterm-born infants exhibited increased BEN values in widespread cortical areas, particularly in the visual-motor cortex, when compared to term-born infants. Moreover, we identified five BEN-related genes (DNAJC12, FIG4, STX12, CETN2, and IRF2BP2), which were involved in protein folding, synaptic vesicle transportation and cell division. These findings suggest that the fMRI-based BEN can serve as an indicator of age-dependent brain functional development in human neonates, which may be influenced by specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Shuai
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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8
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Zhang S, Larsen B, Sydnor VJ, Zeng T, An L, Yan X, Kong R, Kong X, Gur RC, Gur RE, Moore TM, Wolf DH, Holmes AJ, Xie Y, Zhou JH, Fortier MV, Tan AP, Gluckman P, Chong YS, Meaney MJ, Deco G, Satterthwaite TD, Yeo BTT. In vivo whole-cortex marker of excitation-inhibition ratio indexes cortical maturation and cognitive ability in youth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318641121. [PMID: 38814872 PMCID: PMC11161789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318641121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A balanced excitation-inhibition ratio (E/I ratio) is critical for healthy brain function. Normative development of cortex-wide E/I ratio remains unknown. Here, we noninvasively estimate a putative marker of whole-cortex E/I ratio by fitting a large-scale biophysically plausible circuit model to resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data. We first confirm that our model generates realistic brain dynamics in the Human Connectome Project. Next, we show that the estimated E/I ratio marker is sensitive to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist benzodiazepine alprazolam during fMRI. Alprazolam-induced E/I changes are spatially consistent with positron emission tomography measurement of benzodiazepine receptor density. We then investigate the relationship between the E/I ratio marker and neurodevelopment. We find that the E/I ratio marker declines heterogeneously across the cerebral cortex during youth, with the greatest reduction occurring in sensorimotor systems relative to association systems. Importantly, among children with the same chronological age, a lower E/I ratio marker (especially in the association cortex) is linked to better cognitive performance. This result is replicated across North American (8.2 to 23.0 y old) and Asian (7.2 to 7.9 y old) cohorts, suggesting that a more mature E/I ratio indexes improved cognition during normative development. Overall, our findings open the door to studying how disrupted E/I trajectories may lead to cognitive dysfunction in psychopathology that emerges during youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshi Zhang
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore119077, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Valerie J. Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Tianchu Zeng
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Lijun An
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Xiaoxuan Yan
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore119077, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Ru Kong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Xiaolu Kong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
- ByteDance, Singapore048583, Singapore
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ07103
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Yapei Xie
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Juan Helen Zhou
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore119077, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Marielle V. Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Kandang Kerbau Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore229899, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
| | - Ai Peng Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore119074, Singapore
| | - Peter Gluckman
- Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland1142, New Zealand
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore119228, Singapore
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A1A1, Canada
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Technology and Information, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona08002, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona08010, Spain
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - B. T. Thomas Yeo
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore119077, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hopstial, Charlestown, MA02129
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9
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Birch EE, Duffy KR. Leveraging neural plasticity for the treatment of amblyopia. Surv Ophthalmol 2024:S0039-6257(24)00046-8. [PMID: 38763223 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Amblyopia is a form of visual cortical impairment that arises from abnormal visual experience early in life. Most often, amblyopia is a unilateral visual impairment that can develop as a result of strabismus, anisometropia, or a combination of these conditions that result in discordant binocular experience. Characterized by reduced visual acuity and impaired binocular function, amblyopia places a substantial burden on the developing child. Although frontline treatment with glasses and patching can improve visual acuity, residual amblyopia remains for most children. Newer binocular-based therapies can elicit rapid recovery of visual acuity and may also improve stereoacuity in some children. Nevertheless, for both treatment modalities full recovery is elusive, recurrence of amblyopia is common, and improvements are negligible when treatment is administered at older ages. Insights derived from animal models about the factors that govern neural plasticity have been leveraged to develop innovative treatments for amblyopia. These novel therapies exhibit efficacy to promote recovery, and some are effective even at ages when conventional treatments fail to yield benefit. Approaches for enhancing visual system plasticity and promoting recovery from amblyopia include altering the balance between excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms, reversing the accumulation of proteins that inhibit plasticity, and harnessing the principles of metaplasticity. Although these therapies have exhibited promising results in animal models, their safety and ability to remediate amblyopia need to be evaluated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen E Birch
- Crystal Charity Ball Pediatric Vision Laboratory, Retina Foundation, Dallas, TX, USA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Kevin R Duffy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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10
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Damera SR, De Asis-Cruz J, Cook KM, Kapse K, Spoehr E, Murnick J, Basu S, Andescavage N, Limperopoulos C. Regional homogeneity as a marker of sensory cortex dysmaturity in preterm infants. iScience 2024; 27:109662. [PMID: 38665205 PMCID: PMC11043889 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atypical perinatal sensory experience in preterm infants is thought to increase their risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities by altering the development of the sensory cortices. Here, we used resting-state fMRI data from preterm and term-born infants scanned between 32 and 48 weeks post-menstrual age to assess the effect of early ex-utero exposure on sensory cortex development. Specifically, we utilized a measure of local correlated-ness called regional homogeneity (ReHo). First, we demonstrated that the brain-wide distribution of ReHo mirrors the known gradient of cortical maturation. Next, we showed that preterm birth differentially reduces ReHo across the primary sensory cortices. Finally, exploratory analyses showed that the reduction of ReHo in the primary auditory cortex of preterm infants is related to increased risk of autism at 18 months. In sum, we show that local connectivity within sensory cortices has different developmental trajectories, is differentially affected by preterm birth, and may be associated with later neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth R. Damera
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Josepheen De Asis-Cruz
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Kevin M. Cook
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Kushal Kapse
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Emma Spoehr
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Jon Murnick
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Sudeepta Basu
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Nickie Andescavage
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- Developing Brain Institute, Children’s National, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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11
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Chen S, Rahn RM, Bice AR, Bice SH, Padawer-Curry JA, Hengen KB, Dougherty JD, Culver JP. Visual Deprivation during Mouse Critical Period Reorganizes Network-Level Functional Connectivity. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1019232024. [PMID: 38538145 PMCID: PMC11079959 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1019-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A classic example of experience-dependent plasticity is ocular dominance (OD) shift, in which the responsiveness of neurons in the visual cortex is profoundly altered following monocular deprivation (MD). It has been postulated that OD shifts also modify global neural networks, but such effects have never been demonstrated. Here, we use wide-field fluorescence optical imaging (WFOI) to characterize calcium-based resting-state functional connectivity during acute (3 d) MD in female and male mice with genetically encoded calcium indicators (Thy1-GCaMP6f). We first establish the fundamental performance of WFOI by computing signal to noise properties throughout our data processing pipeline. Following MD, we found that Δ band (0.4-4 Hz) GCaMP6 activity in the deprived visual cortex decreased, suggesting that excitatory activity in this region was reduced by MD. In addition, interhemispheric visual homotopic functional connectivity decreased following MD, which was accompanied by a reduction in parietal and motor homotopic connectivity. Finally, we observed enhanced internetwork connectivity between the visual and parietal cortex that peaked 2 d after MD. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that early MD induces dynamic reorganization of disparate functional networks including the association cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Rachel M Rahn
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Annie R Bice
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Seana H Bice
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Jonah A Padawer-Curry
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Keith B Hengen
- Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Imaging Science PhD Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Biophotonics Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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12
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Tripathy K, Fogarty M, Svoboda AM, Schroeder ML, Rafferty SM, Richter EJ, Tracy C, Mansfield PK, Booth M, Fishell AK, Sherafati A, Markow ZE, Wheelock MD, Arbeláez AM, Schlaggar BL, Smyser CD, Eggebrecht AT, Culver JP. Mapping brain function in adults and young children during naturalistic viewing with high-density diffuse optical tomography. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26684. [PMID: 38703090 PMCID: PMC11069306 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Human studies of early brain development have been limited by extant neuroimaging methods. MRI scanners present logistical challenges for imaging young children, while alternative modalities like functional near-infrared spectroscopy have traditionally been limited by image quality due to sparse sampling. In addition, conventional tasks for brain mapping elicit low task engagement, high head motion, and considerable participant attrition in pediatric populations. As a result, typical and atypical developmental trajectories of processes such as language acquisition remain understudied during sensitive periods over the first years of life. We evaluate high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) imaging combined with movie stimuli for high resolution optical neuroimaging in awake children ranging from 1 to 7 years of age. We built an HD-DOT system with design features geared towards enhancing both image quality and child comfort. Furthermore, we characterized a library of animated movie clips as a stimulus set for brain mapping and we optimized associated data analysis pipelines. Together, these tools could map cortical responses to movies and contained features such as speech in both adults and awake young children. This study lays the groundwork for future research to investigate response variability in larger pediatric samples and atypical trajectories of early brain development in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Tripathy
- Division of Biological and Biomedical SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Western Psychiatric HospitalUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Morgan Fogarty
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Imaging Science ProgramWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Alexandra M. Svoboda
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Mariel L. Schroeder
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Sean M. Rafferty
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Edward J. Richter
- Department of Electrical and Systems EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Christopher Tracy
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Patricia K. Mansfield
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Madison Booth
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Andrew K. Fishell
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Arefeh Sherafati
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PhysicsWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Zachary E. Markow
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Muriah D. Wheelock
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Ana María Arbeláez
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Bradley L. Schlaggar
- Kennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of PediatricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Christopher D. Smyser
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Division of Biological and Biomedical SciencesWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Imaging Science ProgramWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Electrical and Systems EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PhysicsWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Mallinckrodt Institute of RadiologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Imaging Science ProgramWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PhysicsWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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13
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Nelson N, Vita DJ, Broadie K. Experience-dependent glial pruning of synaptic glomeruli during the critical period. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9110. [PMID: 38643298 PMCID: PMC11032375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Critical periods are temporally-restricted, early-life windows when sensory experience remodels synaptic connectivity to optimize environmental input. In the Drosophila juvenile brain, critical period experience drives synapse elimination, which is transiently reversible. Within olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) classes synapsing onto single projection neurons extending to brain learning/memory centers, we find glia mediate experience-dependent pruning of OSN synaptic glomeruli downstream of critical period odorant exposure. We find glial projections infiltrate brain neuropil in response to critical period experience, and use Draper (MEGF10) engulfment receptors to prune synaptic glomeruli. Downstream, we find antagonistic Basket (JNK) and Puckered (DUSP) signaling is required for the experience-dependent translocation of activated Basket into glial nuclei. Dependent on this signaling, we find critical period experience drives expression of the F-actin linking signaling scaffold Cheerio (FLNA), which is absolutely essential for the synaptic glomeruli pruning. We find Cheerio mediates experience-dependent regulation of the glial F-actin cytoskeleton for critical period remodeling. These results define a sequential pathway for experience-dependent brain synaptic glomeruli pruning in a strictly-defined critical period; input experience drives neuropil infiltration of glial projections, Draper/MEGF10 receptors activate a Basket/JNK signaling cascade for transcriptional activation, and Cheerio/FLNA induction regulates the glial actin cytoskeleton to mediate targeted synapse phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichalas Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Dominic J Vita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Kendal Broadie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University and Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
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14
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Burbridge TJ, Ratliff JM, Dwivedi D, Vrudhula U, Alvarado-Huerta F, Sjulson L, Ibrahim LA, Cheadle L, Fishell G, Batista-Brito R. Disruption of Cholinergic Retinal Waves Alters Visual Cortex Development and Function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.05.588143. [PMID: 38644996 PMCID: PMC11030223 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Retinal waves represent an early form of patterned spontaneous neural activity in the visual system. These waves originate in the retina before eye-opening and propagate throughout the visual system, influencing the assembly and maturation of subcortical visual brain regions. However, because it is technically challenging to ablate retina-derived cortical waves without inducing compensatory activity, the role these waves play in the development of the visual cortex remains unclear. To address this question, we used targeted conditional genetics to disrupt cholinergic retinal waves and their propagation to select regions of primary visual cortex, which largely prevented compensatory patterned activity. We find that loss of cholinergic retinal waves without compensation impaired the molecular and synaptic maturation of excitatory neurons located in the input layers of visual cortex, as well as layer 1 interneurons. These perinatal molecular and synaptic deficits also relate to functional changes observed at later ages. We find that the loss of perinatal cholinergic retinal waves causes abnormal visual cortex retinotopy, mirroring changes in the retinotopic organization of gene expression, and additionally impairs the processing of visual information. We further show that retinal waves are necessary for higher order processing of sensory information by impacting the state-dependent activity of layer 1 interneurons, a neuronal type that shapes neocortical state-modulation, as well as for state-dependent gain modulation of visual responses of excitatory neurons. Together, these results demonstrate that a brief targeted perinatal disruption of patterned spontaneous activity alters early cortical gene expression as well as synaptic and physiological development, and compromises both fundamental and, notably, higher-order functions of visual cortex after eye-opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Burbridge
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jacob M Ratliff
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Deepanjali Dwivedi
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Uma Vrudhula
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | | | - Lucas Sjulson
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Leena Ali Ibrahim
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955–6900, KSA
| | - Lucas Cheadle
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724
| | - Gordon Fishell
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115
| | - Renata Batista-Brito
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Genetics, Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461
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15
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Mallick A, Tan HL, Epstein JM, Gaudry Q, Dacks AM. Serotonin acts through multiple cellular targets during an olfactory critical period. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.14.589413. [PMID: 38645269 PMCID: PMC11030346 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.14.589413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is known to modulate early development during critical periods when experience drives heightened levels of plasticity in neurons. Here, we take advantage of the genetically tractable olfactory system of Drosophila to investigate how 5-HT modulates critical period plasticity in the CO2 sensing circuit of fruit flies. Our study reveals that 5HT modulation of multiple neuronal targets is necessary for experience-dependent structural changes in an odor processing circuit. The olfactory CPP is known to involve local inhibitory networks and consistent with this we found that knocking down 5-HT7 receptors in a subset of GABAergic local interneurons was sufficient to block CPP, as was knocking down GABA receptors expressed by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Additionally, direct modulation of OSNs via 5-HT2B expression in the cognate OSNs sensing CO2 is also essential for CPP. Furthermore, 5-HT1B expression by serotonergic neurons in the olfactory system is also required during the critical period. Our study reveals that 5-HT modulation of multiple neuronal targets is necessary for experience-dependent structural changes in an odor processing circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahana Mallick
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hua Leonhard Tan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Quentin Gaudry
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Senior Author: These authors contributed equally
| | - Andrew M Dacks
- Departments of Biology and Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Senior Author: These authors contributed equally
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16
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Yang A, Jing Lu H, Chang L. The impacts of early environmental adversity on cognitive functioning, body mass, and life-history behavioral profiles. Brain Cogn 2024; 177:106159. [PMID: 38593638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Early adverse experiences or exposures have a profound impact on neurophysiological, cognitive, and somatic development. Evidence across disciplines uncovers adversity-induced alternations in cortical structures, cognitive functions, and related behavioral manifestations, as well as an energetic trade-off between the brain and body. Based on the life history (LH) framework, the present research aims to explore the adversity-adapted cognitive-behavioral mechanism and investigate the relation between cognitive functioning and somatic energy reserve (i.e., body mass index; BMI). A structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was performed with longitudinal self-reported, anthropometric, and task-based data drawn from a cohort of 2,607 8- to 11-year-old youths and their primary caregivers recruited by the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCDSM) study. The results showed that early environmental adversity was positively associated with fast LH behavioral profiles and negatively with cognitive functioning. Moreover, cognitive functioning mediated the relationship between adversity and fast LH behavioral profiles. Additionally, we found that early environmental adversity positively predicted BMI, which was inversely correlated with cognitive functioning. These results revealed an adversity-adapted cognitive-behavioral mechanism and energy-allocation pathways, and add to the existing knowledge of LH trade-off and developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anting Yang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences Building E21-G003, University of Macau, Macau.
| | - Hui Jing Lu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences GH413, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hum Hong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences Building E21-G003, University of Macau, Macau; Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences GH413, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hum Hong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Homberg JR, Brivio P, Greven CU, Calabrese F. Individuals being high in their sensitivity to the environment: Are sensitive period changes in play? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 159:105605. [PMID: 38417743 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
All individuals on planet earth are sensitive to the environment, but some more than others. These individual differences in sensitivity to environments are seen across many animal species including humans, and can influence personalities as well as vulnerability and resilience to mental disorders. Yet, little is known about the underlying brain mechanisms. Key genes that contribute to individual differences in environmental sensitivity are the serotonin transporter, dopamine D4 receptor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes. By synthesizing neurodevelopmental findings of these genetic factors, and discussing them through the lens of mechanisms related to sensitive periods, which are phases of heightened neuronal plasticity during which a certain network is being finetuned by experiences, we propose that these genetic factors delay but extend postnatal sensitive periods. This may explain why sensitive individuals show behavioral features that are characteristic of a young brain state at the level of sensory information processing, such as reduced filtering or blockade of irrelevant information, resulting in a sensory processing system that 'keeps all options open'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Paola Brivio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Corina U Greven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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18
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Davis EP, Glynn LM. Annual Research Review: The power of predictability - patterns of signals in early life shape neurodevelopment and mental health trajectories. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:508-534. [PMID: 38374811 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The global burden of early life adversity (ELA) is profound. The World Health Organization has estimated that ELA accounts for almost 30% of all psychiatric cases. Yet, our ability to identify which individuals exposed to ELA will develop mental illness remains poor and there is a critical need to identify underlying pathways and mechanisms. This review proposes unpredictability as an understudied aspect of ELA that is tractable and presents a conceptual model that includes biologically plausible mechanistic pathways by which unpredictability impacts the developing brain. The model is supported by a synthesis of published and new data illustrating the significant impacts of patterns of signals on child development. We begin with an overview of the existing unpredictability literature, which has focused primarily on longer patterns of unpredictability (e.g. years, months, and days). We then describe our work testing the impact of patterns of parental signals on a moment-to-moment timescale, providing evidence that patterns of these signals during sensitive windows of development influence neurocircuit formation across species and thus may be an evolutionarily conserved process that shapes the developing brain. Next, attention is drawn to emerging themes which provide a framework for future directions of research including the evaluation of functions, such as effortful control, that may be particularly vulnerable to unpredictability, sensitive periods, sex differences, cross-cultural investigations, addressing causality, and unpredictability as a pathway by which other forms of ELA impact development. Finally, we provide suggestions for prevention and intervention, including the introduction of a screening instrument for the identification of children exposed to unpredictable experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysia Poggi Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Laura M Glynn
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
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19
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Zhang S, Larsen B, Sydnor VJ, Zeng T, An L, Yan X, Kong R, Kong X, Gur RC, Gur RE, Moore TM, Wolf DH, Holmes AJ, Xie Y, Zhou JH, Fortier MV, Tan AP, Gluckman P, Chong YS, Meaney MJ, Deco G, Satterthwaite TD, Yeo BT. In-vivo whole-cortex marker of excitation-inhibition ratio indexes cortical maturation and cognitive ability in youth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.22.546023. [PMID: 38586012 PMCID: PMC10996460 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.22.546023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A balanced excitation-inhibition ratio (E/I ratio) is critical for healthy brain function. Normative development of cortex-wide E/I ratio remains unknown. Here we non-invasively estimate a putative marker of whole-cortex E/I ratio by fitting a large-scale biophysically-plausible circuit model to resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data. We first confirm that our model generates realistic brain dynamics in the Human Connectome Project. Next, we show that the estimated E/I ratio marker is sensitive to the GABA-agonist benzodiazepine alprazolam during fMRI. Alprazolam-induced E/I changes are spatially consistent with positron emission tomography measurement of benzodiazepine receptor density. We then investigate the relationship between the E/I ratio marker and neurodevelopment. We find that the E/I ratio marker declines heterogeneously across the cerebral cortex during youth, with the greatest reduction occurring in sensorimotor systems relative to association systems. Importantly, among children with the same chronological age, a lower E/I ratio marker (especially in association cortex) is linked to better cognitive performance. This result is replicated across North American (8.2 to 23.0 years old) and Asian (7.2 to 7.9 years old) cohorts, suggesting that a more mature E/I ratio indexes improved cognition during normative development. Overall, our findings open the door to studying how disrupted E/I trajectories may lead to cognitive dysfunction in psychopathology that emerges during youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshi Zhang
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Valerie J. Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tianchu Zeng
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Lijun An
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Xiaoxuan Yan
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Ru Kong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Xiaolu Kong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
- ByteDance, Singapore
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yapei Xie
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Juan Helen Zhou
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ai Peng Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Gluckman
- UK Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Technology and Information, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - B.T. Thomas Yeo
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hopstial, Charlestown, MA, USA
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20
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Yuste R, Cossart R, Yaksi E. Neuronal ensembles: Building blocks of neural circuits. Neuron 2024; 112:875-892. [PMID: 38262413 PMCID: PMC10957317 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal ensembles, defined as groups of neurons displaying recurring patterns of coordinated activity, represent an intermediate functional level between individual neurons and brain areas. Novel methods to measure and optically manipulate the activity of neuronal populations have provided evidence of ensembles in the neocortex and hippocampus. Ensembles can be activated intrinsically or in response to sensory stimuli and play a causal role in perception and behavior. Here we review ensemble phenomenology, developmental origin, biophysical and synaptic mechanisms, and potential functional roles across different brain areas and species, including humans. As modular units of neural circuits, ensembles could provide a mechanistic underpinning of fundamental brain processes, including neural coding, motor planning, decision-making, learning, and adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Yuste
- NeuroTechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rosa Cossart
- Inserm, INMED, Turing Center for Living Systems Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - Emre Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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21
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Carozza S, Holmes J, Akarca D, Astle DE. Global topology of human connectome is insensitive to early life environments - A prospective longitudinal study of the general population. Dev Sci 2024:e13490. [PMID: 38494672 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The widely acknowledged detrimental impact of early adversity on child development has driven efforts to understand the underlying mechanisms that may mediate these effects within the developing brain. Recent efforts have begun to move beyond associating adversity with the morphology of individual brain regions towards determining if and how adversity might shape their interconnectivity. However, whether adversity effects a global shift in the organisation of whole-brain networks remains unclear. In this study, we assessed this possibility using parental questionnaire and diffusion imaging data from The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, N = 913), a prospective longitudinal study spanning more than 20 years. We tested whether a wide range of adversities-including experiences of abuse, domestic violence, physical and emotional cruelty, poverty, neglect, and parental separation-measured by questionnaire within the first seven years of life were significantly associated with the tractography-derived connectome in young adulthood. We tested this across multiple measures of organisation and using a computational model that simulated the wiring economy of the brain. We found no significant relationships between early exposure to any form of adversity and the global organisation of the structural connectome in young adulthood. We did detect local differences in the medial prefrontal cortex, as well as an association between weaker brain wiring constraints and greater externalising behaviour in adolescence. Our results indicate that further efforts are necessary to delimit the magnitude and functional implications of adversity-related differences in connectomic organization. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Diverse prospective measures of the early-life environment do not predict the organisation of the DTI tractography-derived connectome in young adulthood Wiring economy of the connectome is weakly associated with externalising in adolescence, but not internalising or cognitive ability Further work is needed to establish the scope and significance of global adversity-related differences in the structural connectome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Carozza
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joni Holmes
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Danyal Akarca
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duncan E Astle
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Patton MH, Thomas KT, Bayazitov IT, Newman KD, Kurtz NB, Robinson CG, Ramirez CA, Trevisan AJ, Bikoff JB, Peters ST, Pruett-Miller SM, Jiang Y, Schild AB, Nityanandam A, Zakharenko SS. Synaptic plasticity in human thalamocortical assembloids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.01.578421. [PMID: 38352415 PMCID: PMC10862901 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.578421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticities, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), tune synaptic efficacy and are essential for learning and memory. Current studies of synaptic plasticity in humans are limited by a lack of adequate human models. Here, we modeled the thalamocortical system by fusing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived thalamic and cortical organoids. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing revealed that most cells in mature thalamic organoids were glutamatergic neurons. When fused to form thalamocortical assembloids, thalamic and cortical organoids formed reciprocal long-range axonal projections and reciprocal synapses detectable by light and electron microscopy, respectively. Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology and two-photon imaging, we characterized glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Thalamocortical and corticothalamic synapses displayed short-term plasticity analogous to that in animal models. LTP and LTD were reliably induced at both synapses; however, their mechanisms differed from those previously described in rodents. Thus, thalamocortical assembloids provide a model system for exploring synaptic plasticity in human circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H. Patton
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kristen T. Thomas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ildar T. Bayazitov
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kyle D. Newman
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nathaniel B. Kurtz
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Camenzind G. Robinson
- Cell and Tissue Imaging Center, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cody A. Ramirez
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alexandra J. Trevisan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jay B. Bikoff
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Samuel T. Peters
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shondra M. Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yanbo Jiang
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Andrew B. Schild
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anjana Nityanandam
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stanislav S. Zakharenko
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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23
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Margolis ET, Gabard-Durnam LJ. Prenatal influences on postnatal neuroplasticity: Integrating DOHaD and sensitive/critical period frameworks to understand biological embedding in early development. INFANCY 2024. [PMID: 38449347 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Early environments can have significant and lasting effects on brain, body, and behavior across the lifecourse. Here, we address current research efforts to understand how experiences impact neurodevelopment with a new perspective integrating two well-known conceptual frameworks - the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) and sensitive/critical period frameworks. Specifically, we consider how prenatal experiences characterized in the DOHaD model impact two key neurobiological mechanisms of sensitive/critical periods for adapting to and learning from the postnatal environment. We draw from both animal and human research to summarize the current state of knowledge on how particular prenatal substance exposures (psychoactive substances and heavy metals) and nutritional profiles (protein-energy malnutrition and iron deficiency) each differentially impact brain circuits' excitation/GABAergic inhibition balance and myelination. Finally, we highlight new research directions that emerge from this integrated framework, including testing how prenatal environments alter sensitive/critical period timing and learning and identifying potential promotional/buffering prenatal exposures to impact postnatal sensitive/critical periods. We hope this integrative framework considering prenatal influences on postnatal neuroplasticity will stimulate new research to understand how early environments have lasting consequences on our brains, behavior, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma T Margolis
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Garduño BM, Hanni P, Hays C, Cogram P, Insel N, Xu X. How the forebrain transitions to adulthood: developmental plasticity markers in a long-lived rodent reveal region diversity and the uniqueness of adolescence. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1365737. [PMID: 38456144 PMCID: PMC10917993 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1365737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Maturation of the forebrain involves transitions from higher to lower levels of synaptic plasticity. The timecourse of these changes likely differs between regions, with the stabilization of some networks scaffolding the development of others. To gain better insight into neuroplasticity changes associated with maturation to adulthood, we examined the distribution of two molecular markers for developmental plasticity. We conducted the examination on male and female degus (Octodon degus), a rodent species with a relatively long developmental timecourse that offers a promising model for studying both development and age-related neuropathology. Immunofluorescent staining was used to measure perineuronal nets (PNNs), an extracellular matrix structure that emerges during the closure of critical plasticity periods, as well as microglia, resident immune cells that play a crucial role in synapse remodeling during development. PNNs (putatively restricting plasticity) were found to be higher in non-juvenile (>3 month) degus, while levels of microglia (putatively mediating plasticity) decreased across ages more gradually, and with varying timecourses between regions. Degus also showed notable variation in PNN levels between cortical layers and hippocampal subdivisions that have not been previously reported in other species. These results offer a glimpse into neuroplasticity changes occurring during degu maturation and highlight adolescence as a unique phase of neuroplasticity, in which PNNs have been established but microglia remain relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Maximiliano Garduño
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Hanni
- Department of Psychology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Chelsea Hays
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Patricia Cogram
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Nathan Insel
- Department of Psychology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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25
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Hazlett MF, Hall VL, Patel E, Halvorsen A, Calakos N, West AE. The Perineuronal Net Protein Brevican Acts in Nucleus Accumbens Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons of Adult Mice to Regulate Excitatory Synaptic Inputs and Motivated Behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)00080-5. [PMID: 38346480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experience-dependent functional adaptation of nucleus accumbens (NAc) circuitry underlies the development and expression of reward-motivated behaviors. Parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) interneurons (PVINs) within the NAc are required for this process. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrix structures enriched around PVINs that arise during development and have been proposed to mediate brain circuit stability. However, their function in the adult NAc is largely unknown. Here, we studied the developmental emergence and adult regulation of PNNs in the NAc of male and female mice and examined the cellular and behavioral consequences of reducing the PNN component brevican in NAc PVINs. METHODS We characterized the expression of PNN components in mouse NAc using immunofluorescence and RNA in situ hybridization. We lowered brevican in NAc PVINs of adult mice using an intersectional viral and genetic method and quantified the effects on synaptic inputs to NAc PVINs and reward-motivated learning. RESULTS PNNs around NAc PVINs were developmentally regulated and appeared during adolescence. In the adult NAc, PVIN PNNs were also dynamically regulated by cocaine. Transcription of the gene that encodes brevican was regulated in a cell type- and isoform-specific manner in the NAc, with the membrane-tethered form of brevican being highly enriched in PVINs. Lowering brevican in NAc PVINs of adult mice decreased their excitatory inputs and enhanced both short-term novel object recognition and cocaine-induced conditioned place preference. CONCLUSIONS Regulation of brevican in NAc PVINs of adult mice modulates their excitatory synaptic drive and sets experience thresholds for the development of motivated behaviors driven by rewarding stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah F Hazlett
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victoria L Hall
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Esha Patel
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Aaron Halvorsen
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nicole Calakos
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anne E West
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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26
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Pöpplau JA, Schwarze T, Dorofeikova M, Pochinok I, Günther A, Marquardt A, Hanganu-Opatz IL. Reorganization of adolescent prefrontal cortex circuitry is required for mouse cognitive maturation. Neuron 2024; 112:421-440.e7. [PMID: 37979584 PMCID: PMC10855252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Most cognitive functions involving the prefrontal cortex emerge during late development. Increasing evidence links this delayed maturation to the protracted timeline of prefrontal development, which likely does not reach full maturity before the end of adolescence. However, the underlying mechanisms that drive the emergence and fine-tuning of cognitive abilities during adolescence, caused by circuit wiring, are still unknown. Here, we continuously monitored prefrontal activity throughout the postnatal development of mice and showed that an initial activity increase was interrupted by an extensive microglia-mediated breakdown of activity, followed by the rewiring of circuit elements to achieve adult-like patterns and synchrony. Interfering with these processes during adolescence, but not adulthood, led to a long-lasting microglia-induced disruption of prefrontal activity and neuronal morphology and decreased cognitive abilities. These results identified a nonlinear reorganization of prefrontal circuits during adolescence and revealed its importance for adult network function and cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jastyn A Pöpplau
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience (HCNS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Timo Schwarze
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience (HCNS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mariia Dorofeikova
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience (HCNS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irina Pochinok
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience (HCNS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Günther
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience (HCNS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Marquardt
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience (HCNS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience (HCNS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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27
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Mallick A, Dacks AM, Gaudry Q. Olfactory Critical Periods: How Odor Exposure Shapes the Developing Brain in Mice and Flies. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:94. [PMID: 38392312 PMCID: PMC10886215 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Neural networks have an extensive ability to change in response to environmental stimuli. This flexibility peaks during restricted windows of time early in life called critical periods. The ubiquitous occurrence of this form of plasticity across sensory modalities and phyla speaks to the importance of critical periods for proper neural development and function. Extensive investigation into visual critical periods has advanced our knowledge of the molecular events and key processes that underlie the impact of early-life experience on neuronal plasticity. However, despite the importance of olfaction for the overall survival of an organism, the cellular and molecular basis of olfactory critical periods have not garnered extensive study compared to visual critical periods. Recent work providing a comprehensive mapping of the highly organized olfactory neuropil and its development has in turn attracted a growing interest in how these circuits undergo plasticity during critical periods. Here, we perform a comparative review of olfactory critical periods in fruit flies and mice to provide novel insight into the importance of early odor exposure in shaping neural circuits and highlighting mechanisms found across sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahana Mallick
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Andrew M Dacks
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Quentin Gaudry
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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28
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Marchetta P, Dapper K, Hess M, Calis D, Singer W, Wertz J, Fink S, Hage SR, Alam M, Schwabe K, Lukowski R, Bourien J, Puel JL, Jacob MH, Munk MHJ, Land R, Rüttiger L, Knipper M. Dysfunction of specific auditory fibers impacts cortical oscillations, driving an autism phenotype despite near-normal hearing. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23411. [PMID: 38243766 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301995r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is discussed in the context of altered neural oscillations and imbalanced cortical excitation-inhibition of cortical origin. We studied here whether developmental changes in peripheral auditory processing, while preserving basic hearing function, lead to altered cortical oscillations. Local field potentials (LFPs) were recorded from auditory, visual, and prefrontal cortices and the hippocampus of BdnfPax2 KO mice. These mice develop an autism-like behavioral phenotype through deletion of BDNF in Pax2+ interneuron precursors, affecting lower brainstem functions, but not frontal brain regions directly. Evoked LFP responses to behaviorally relevant auditory stimuli were weaker in the auditory cortex of BdnfPax2 KOs, connected to maturation deficits of high-spontaneous rate auditory nerve fibers. This was correlated with enhanced spontaneous and induced LFP power, excitation-inhibition imbalance, and dendritic spine immaturity, mirroring autistic phenotypes. Thus, impairments in peripheral high-spontaneous rate fibers alter spike synchrony and subsequently cortical processing relevant for normal communication and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philine Marchetta
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Dapper
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morgan Hess
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dila Calis
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wibke Singer
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Wertz
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Fink
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen R Hage
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mesbah Alam
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jerome Bourien
- Institute for Neurosciences Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Luc Puel
- Institute for Neurosciences Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médical, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michele H Jacob
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias H J Munk
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Land
- Department of Experimental Otology, Institute of Audioneurotechnology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Ouss L. Current psychopathology models emphasize very early intersubjectivity-based interventions in children to prevent later mental disorders. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1225108. [PMID: 38327508 PMCID: PMC10847237 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1225108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Current psychopathology models have evolved toward dimensional models, in which symptoms and diseases are at the extremes of dimensions. Despite these new dimensional proposals, classifications and third-person approach have shown limitations. Their extraordinary evolution nevertheless underlines the contributions of developmental and psychodynamic frameworks. Developmental contributions have made it possible to evolve from disorders centered on a first-person perspective. Complementarily to the first-person/third-person perspectives, we advocate a second-person perspective, based on intersubjectivity. This perspective reverses the intuitive trend to focus our interventions on the most specific symptoms and syndromes, and advocates instead interventions on a "p" general factor that are both generalized and highly targeted. The implications are (1) to intervene as early as possible, (2) to base the definition of our therapeutic targets on an intersubjective perspective, (3) to identify and enhance children's and parents' strengths. These empirically informed directions are not in the current mainstream of psychopathology frameworks, and need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ouss
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
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30
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Irie K, Ohta KI, Ujihara H, Araki C, Honda K, Suzuki S, Warita K, Otabi H, Kumei H, Nakamura S, Koyano K, Miki T, Kusaka T. An enriched environment ameliorates the reduction of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex caused by maternal separation early in life. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1308368. [PMID: 38292903 PMCID: PMC10825025 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1308368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Early child maltreatment, such as child abuse and neglect, is well known to affect the development of social skills. However, the mechanisms by which such an adverse environment interrupts the development of social skills remain unelucidated. Identifying the period and brain regions that are susceptible to adverse environments can lead to appropriate developmental care later in life. We recently reported an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and low activity during social behavior in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of the maternal separation (MS) animal model of early life neglect after maturation. Based on these results, in the present study, we investigated how MS disturbs factors related to excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mPFC until the critical period of mPFC development. Additionally, we evaluated whether the effects of MS could be recovered in an enriched environment after MS exposure. Rat pups were separated from their dams on postnatal days (PDs) 2-20 (twice daily, 3 h each) and compared with the mother-reared control (MRC) group. Gene expression analysis revealed that various factors related to excitatory and inhibitory neurons were transiently disturbed in the mPFC during MS. A similar tendency was found in the sensory cortex; however, decreased parvalbumin (PV) expression persisted until PD 35 only in the mPFC. Moreover, the number of PV+ interneurons decreased in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) on PD 35 in the MS group. Additionally, perineural net formation surrounding PV+ interneurons, which is an indicator of maturity and critical period closure, was unchanged, indicating that the decreased PV+ interneurons were not simply attributable to developmental delay. This reduction of PV+ interneurons improved to the level observed in the MRC group by the enriched environment from PD 21 after the MS period. These results suggest that an early adverse environment disturbs the development of the mPFC but that these abnormalities allow room for recovery depending on the subsequent environment. Considering that PV+ interneurons in the mPFC play an important role in social skills such as empathy, an early rearing environment is likely a very important factor in the subsequent acquisition of social skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Irie
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Ohta
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Ujihara
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Chihiro Araki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kodai Honda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shingo Suzuki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Warita
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hikari Otabi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Haruki Kumei
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Koyano
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Miki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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31
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Hunter I, Coulson B, Pettini T, Davies JJ, Parkin J, Landgraf M, Baines RA. Balance of activity during a critical period tunes a developing network. eLife 2024; 12:RP91599. [PMID: 38193543 PMCID: PMC10945558 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing neural circuits are influenced by activity and are especially sensitive to changes in activity during critical periods (CPs) of development. Changes occurring during a CP often become 'locked in' so that they affect the mature network. Indeed, several neurodevelopmental disorders have been linked to excessive activity during such periods. It is, therefore, important to identify those aspects of neural circuit development that are influenced by neural activity during a CP. In this study, we take advantage of the genetic tractability of Drosophila to show that activity perturbation during an embryonic CP permanently alters properties of the locomotor circuit. Specific changes we identify include increased synchronicity of motoneuron activity and greater strengthening of excitatory over inhibitory synaptic drive to motoneurons. These changes are sufficient to reduce network robustness, evidenced by increased sensitivity to induced seizure. We also show that we can rescue these changes when increased activity is mitigated by inhibition provided by mechanosensory neurons. Similarly, we demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between inhibition experienced during the CP and the extent to which it is possible to rescue the hyperexcitable phenotype characteristic of the parabss mutation. This suggests that developing circuits must be exposed to a properly balanced sum of excitation and inhibition during the CP to achieve normal mature network function. Our results, therefore, provide novel insight into how activity during a CP shapes specific elements of a circuit, and how activity during this period is integrated to tune neural circuits to the environment in which they will likely function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Hunter
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Bramwell Coulson
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Tom Pettini
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jacob J Davies
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Jill Parkin
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthias Landgraf
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard A Baines
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
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32
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Filetti C, Kane-Grade F, Gunnar M. The Development of Stress Reactivity and Regulation in Children and Adolescents. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:395-419. [PMID: 37559538 PMCID: PMC10845082 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230808120504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adversity experienced in early life can have detrimental effects on physical and mental health. One pathway in which these effects occur is through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a key physiological stress-mediating system. In this review, we discuss the theoretical perspectives that guide stress reactivity and regulation research, the anatomy and physiology of the axis, developmental changes in the axis and its regulation, brain systems regulating stress, the role of genetic and epigenetics variation in axis development, sensitive periods in stress system calibration, the social regulation of stress (i.e., social buffering), and emerging research areas in the study of stress physiology and development. Understanding the development of stress reactivity and regulation is crucial for uncovering how early adverse experiences influence mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Filetti
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Finola Kane-Grade
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Megan Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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33
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Qiao X, Grieco SF, Yu Z, Holmes TC, Xu X. Intranasal Delivery of Ketamine Induces Cortical Disinhibition. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0107-23.2023. [PMID: 38164560 PMCID: PMC10849039 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0107-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies find that subcutaneously administered (s.c.) subanesthetic ketamine promotes sustained cortical disinhibition and plasticity in adult mouse binocular visual cortex (bV1). We hypothesized that intranasal delivery (i.n.) of subanesthetic ketamine may have similar actions. To test this, we delivered ketamine (10 mg/kg, i.n.) to adult mice and then recorded excitatory pyramidal neurons or PV+ interneurons in L2/3 of bV1 slices. In pyramidal neurons the baseline IPSC amplitudes from mice treated with ketamine are significantly weaker than those in control mice. Acute bath application of neuregulin-1 (NRG1) to cortical slices increases these IPSC amplitudes in mice treated with ketamine but not in controls. In PV+ interneurons, the baseline EPSC amplitudes from mice treated with ketamine are significantly weaker than those in control mice. Acute bath application of NRG1 to cortical slices increases these EPSC amplitudes in mice treated with ketamine but not in controls. We also found that mice treated with ketamine exhibit increased pCREB staining in L2/3 of bV1. Together, our results show that a single intranasal delivery of ketamine reduces PV+ interneuron excitation and reduces pyramidal neuron inhibition and that these effects are acutely reversed by NRG1. These results are significant as they show that intranasal delivery of ketamine induces cortical disinhibition, which has implications for the treatment of psychiatric, neurologic, and ophthalmic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92697, California
| | - Steven F Grieco
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92697, California
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine 92697, California
| | - Zhaoxia Yu
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine 92697, California
- Department of Statistics, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, Irvine 92697, California
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine 92697, California
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92697, California
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92697, California
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California, Irvine 92697, California
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Monko TR, Tripp EH, Burr SE, Gunderson KN, Lanier LM, Georgieff MK, Bastian TW. Cellular Iron Deficiency Disrupts Thyroid Hormone Regulated Gene Expression in Developing Hippocampal Neurons. J Nutr 2024; 154:49-59. [PMID: 37984740 PMCID: PMC10808837 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing neurons have high thyroid hormone and iron requirements to support their metabolically demanding growth. Early-life iron and thyroid-hormone deficiencies are prevalent and often coexist, and each independently increases risk of permanently impaired neurobehavioral function in children. Early-life dietary iron deficiency reduces thyroid-hormone concentrations and impairs thyroid hormone-responsive gene expression in the neonatal rat brain, but it is unclear whether the effect is cell-intrinsic. OBJECTIVES This study determined whether neuronal-specific iron deficiency alters thyroid hormone-regulated gene expression in developing neurons. METHODS Iron deficiency was induced in primary mouse embryonic hippocampal neuron cultures with the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) beginning at 3 d in vitro (DIV). At 11DIV and 18DIV, thyroid hormone-regulated gene messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)concentrations indexing thyroid hormone homeostasis (Hairless, mu-crystallin, Type II deiodinase, solute carrier family member 1c1, and solute carrier family member 16a2) and neurodevelopment (neurogranin, Parvalbumin, and Krüppel-like factor 9) were quantified. To assess the effect of iron repletion, DFO was removed at 14DIV from a subset of DFO-treated cultures, and gene expression and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) concentrations were quantified at 21DIV. RESULTS At 11DIV and 18DIV, neuronal iron deficiency decreased neurogranin, Parvalbumin, and mu-crystallin, and by 18DIV, solute carrier family member 16a2, solute carrier family member 1c1, Type II deiodinase, and Hairless were increased, suggesting cellular sensing of a functionally abnormal thyroid hormone state. Dimensionality reduction with Principal component analysis reveals that thyroid hormone homeostatic genes strongly correlate with and predict iron status. Iron repletion from 14-21DIV did not restore ATP concentration, and Principal component analysis suggests that, after iron repletion, cultures maintain a gene expression signature indicative of previous iron deficiency. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings suggest there is an intracellular mechanism coordinating cellular iron/thyroid hormone activities. We speculate this is a part of the homeostatic response to acutely match neuronal energy production and growth signaling. However, the adaptation to iron deficiency may cause permanent deficits in thyroid hormone-dependent neurodevelopmental processes even after recovery from iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Monko
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Emma H Tripp
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sierra E Burr
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Karina N Gunderson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lorene M Lanier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael K Georgieff
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Thomas W Bastian
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Wallace JL, Pollen AA. Human neuronal maturation comes of age: cellular mechanisms and species differences. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:7-29. [PMID: 37996703 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The delayed and prolonged postmitotic maturation of human neurons, compared with neurons from other species, may contribute to human-specific cognitive abilities and neurological disorders. Here we review the mechanisms of neuronal maturation, applying lessons from model systems to understand the specific features of protracted human cortical maturation and species differences. We cover cell-intrinsic features of neuronal maturation, including transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms, as well as cell-extrinsic features, including the roles of activity and synapses, the actions of glial cells and the contribution of the extracellular matrix. We discuss evidence for species differences in biochemical reaction rates, the proposed existence of an epigenetic maturation clock and the contributions of both general and modular mechanisms to species-specific maturation timing. Finally, we suggest approaches to measure, improve and accelerate the maturation of human neurons in culture, examine crosstalk and interactions among these different aspects of maturation and propose conceptual models to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenelle L Wallace
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Alex A Pollen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Usui N. Possible roles of deep cortical neurons and oligodendrocytes in the neural basis of human sociality. Anat Sci Int 2024; 99:34-47. [PMID: 38010534 PMCID: PMC10771383 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Sociality is an instinctive property of organisms that live in relation to others and is a complex characteristic of higher order brain functions. However, the evolution of the human brain to acquire higher order brain functions, such as sociality, and the neural basis for executing these functions and their control mechanisms are largely unknown. Several studies have attempted to evaluate how human sociality was acquired during the course of evolution and the mechanisms controlling sociality from a neurodevelopment viewpoint. This review discusses these findings in the context of human brain evolution and the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Comparative genomic studies of postmortem primate brains have demonstrated human-specific regulatory mechanisms underlying higher order brain functions, providing evidence for the contribution of oligodendrocytes to human brain function. Functional analyses of the causative genes of ASD in animal models have demonstrated that the neural basis of social behavior is associated with layer 6 (L6) of the neocortex and oligodendrocytes. These findings demonstrate that both neurons and oligodendrocytes contribute to the neural basis and molecular mechanisms underlying human brain evolution and social functioning. This review provides novel insights into sociability and the corresponding neural bases of brain disorders and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Usui
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- Omics Center, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
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Sun YJ, Sahakian BJ, Langley C, Yang A, Jiang Y, Kang J, Zhao X, Li C, Cheng W, Feng J. Early-initiated childhood reading for pleasure: associations with better cognitive performance, mental well-being and brain structure in young adolescence. Psychol Med 2024; 54:359-373. [PMID: 37376848 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood is a crucial neurodevelopmental period. We investigated whether childhood reading for pleasure (RfP) was related to young adolescent assessments of cognition, mental health, and brain structure. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in a large-scale US national cohort (10 000 + young adolescents), using the well-established linear mixed model and structural equation methods for twin study, longitudinal and mediation analyses. A 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis for potential causal inference was also performed. Important factors including socio-economic status were controlled. RESULTS Early-initiated long-standing childhood RfP (early RfP) was highly positively correlated with performance on cognitive tests and significantly negatively correlated with mental health problem scores of young adolescents. These participants with higher early RfP scores exhibited moderately larger total brain cortical areas and volumes, with increased regions including the temporal, frontal, insula, supramarginal; left angular, para-hippocampal; right middle-occipital, anterior-cingulate, orbital areas; and subcortical ventral-diencephalon and thalamus. These brain structures were significantly related to their cognitive and mental health scores, and displayed significant mediation effects. Early RfP was longitudinally associated with higher crystallized cognition and lower attention symptoms at follow-up. Approximately 12 h/week of youth regular RfP was cognitively optimal. We further observed a moderately significant heritability of early RfP, with considerable contribution from environments. MR analysis revealed beneficial causal associations of early RfP with adult cognitive performance and left superior temporal structure. CONCLUSIONS These findings, for the first time, revealed the important relationships of early RfP with subsequent brain and cognitive development and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jun Sun
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Barbara J Sahakian
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christelle Langley
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anyi Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jujiao Kang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingming Zhao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhe Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
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Sylvester CM, Luby JL, Pine DS. Novel mechanism-based treatments for pediatric anxiety and depressive disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:262-275. [PMID: 37608220 PMCID: PMC10700626 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric anxiety and depressive disorders are common, can be highly impairing, and can persist despite the best available treatments. Here, we review research into novel treatments for childhood anxiety and depressive disorders designed to target underlying cognitive, emotional, and neural circuit mechanisms. We highlight three novel treatments lying along a continuum relating to clinical impact of the disorder and the intensity of clinical management required. We review cognitive training, which involves the lowest risk and may be applicable for problems with mild to moderate impact; psychotherapy, which includes a higher level of clinical involvement and may be sufficient for problems with moderate impact; and brain stimulation, which has the highest potential risks and is therefore most appropriate for problems with high impact. For each treatment, we review the specific underlying cognitive, emotional, and brain circuit mechanisms that are being targeted, whether treatments modify those underlying mechanisms, and efficacy in reducing symptoms. We conclude by highlighting future directions, including the importance of work that leverages developmental windows of high brain plasticity to time interventions to the specific epochs in childhood that have the largest and most enduring life-long impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Sylvester
- Washington University Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Washington University Department of Radiology, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Joan L Luby
- Washington University Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Dias BG. Legacies of salient environmental experiences-insights from chemosensation. Chem Senses 2024; 49:bjae002. [PMID: 38219073 PMCID: PMC10825851 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence for parental environments profoundly influencing the physiology, biology, and neurobiology of future generations has been accumulating in the literature. Recent efforts to understand this phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms have sought to use species like rodents and insects to model multi-generational legacies of parental experiences like stress and nutritional exposures. From these studies, we have come to appreciate that parental exposure to salient environmental experiences impacts the cadence of brain development, hormonal responses to stress, and the expression of genes that govern cellular responses to stress in offspring. Recent studies using chemosensory exposure have emerged as a powerful tool to shed new light on how future generations come to be influenced by environments to which parents are exposed. With a specific focus on studies that have leveraged such use of salient chemosensory experiences, this review synthesizes our current understanding of the concept, causes, and consequences of the inheritance of chemosensory legacies by future generations and how this field of inquiry informs the larger picture of how parental experiences can influence offspring biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Dias
- Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics Program, The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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40
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Chen S, Rahn RM, Bice AR, Bice SH, Padawer-Curry JA, Hengen KB, Dougherty JD, Culver JP. Visual deprivation during mouse critical period reorganizes network-level functional connectivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542957. [PMID: 37398380 PMCID: PMC10312598 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A classic example of experience-dependent plasticity is ocular dominance (OD) shift, in which the responsiveness of neurons in the visual cortex is profoundly altered following monocular deprivation (MD). It has been postulated that OD shifts also modify global neural networks, but such effects have never been demonstrated. Here, we used longitudinal wide-field optical calcium imaging to measure resting-state functional connectivity during acute (3-day) MD in mice. First, delta GCaMP6 power in the deprived visual cortex decreased, suggesting that excitatory activity was reduced in the region. In parallel, interhemispheric visual homotopic functional connectivity was rapidly reduced by the disruption of visual drive through MD and was sustained significantly below baseline state. This reduction of visual homotopic connectivity was accompanied by a reduction in parietal and motor homotopic connectivity. Finally, we observed enhanced internetwork connectivity between visual and parietal cortex that peaked at MD2. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that early MD induces dynamic reorganization of disparate functional networks including association cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel M. Rahn
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Annie R. Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Seana H. Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonah A. Padawer-Curry
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Keith B. Hengen
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joseph D. Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Hawes DJ, Allen JL. A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs): Introduction to the Special Issue. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1715-1723. [PMID: 37421507 PMCID: PMC10661772 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including child maltreatment and other adversities in the home context and beyond (e.g., witnessing domestic violence; parental mental illness; parental separation; living in a disadvantaged neighborhood) are prevalent in the population and often covary together. Research based on the construct of ACEs has transformed the field of adult mental health, yet child and adolescent mental health has often been overlooked in this work. This special issue of Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology focuses on the developmental science of ACEs and child psychopathology. The research presented here draws on the extensive evidence base that now exists regarding the co-occurrence of common childhood adversities, while informing the integration of theory and research on ACEs with that of developmental psychopathology at large. This Introduction provides an overview of ACEs and child mental health from a developmental psychopathology perspective, with an emphasis on key concepts and recent progress spanning the prenatal period through to adolescence and intergenerational pathways. Models of ACEs that emphasize the multi-dimensional nature of adversity and the importance of developmental timing to risk and protective pathways, have played a driving role in this progress. Methodological innovations in this work are highlighted, along with implications for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Schwingel GB, Fontes-Dutra M, Ramos B, Riesgo R, Bambini-Junior V, Gottfried C. Preventive effects of resveratrol against early-life impairments in the animal model of autism induced by valproic acid. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 15:242-251. [PMID: 37841088 PMCID: PMC10570715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social interaction deficits and repetitive/stereotyped behaviors. Its prevalence is increasing, affecting one in 36 children in the United States. The valproic acid (VPA) induced animal model of ASD is a reliable method for investigating cellular, molecular, and behavioral aspects related to the disorder. Trans-Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenol with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects studied in various diseases, has recently demonstrated the ability to prevent cellular, molecular, sensory, and social deficits in the VPA model. In this study, we examined the effects of prenatal exposure to VPA and the potential preventive effects of RSV on the offspring. Method We monitored gestational weight from embryonic day 6.5 until 18.5 and assessed the onset of developmental milestones and morphometric parameters in litters. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to analyze longitudinal data. Results Exposure to VPA during rat pregnancy resulted in abnormal weight gain fold-changes on embryonic days 13.5 and 18.5, followed by fewer animals per litter. Additionally, we discovered a positive correlation between weight variation during E15.5-E18.5 and the number of rat pups in the VPA group. Conclusion VPA exposure led to slight length deficiencies and delays in the onset of developmental milestones. Interestingly, the prenatal RSV treatment not only prevented most of these delays but also led to the early onset of certain milestones and improved morphometric characteristics in the offspring. In summary, our findings suggest that RSV may have potential as a therapeutic intervention to protect against the negative effects of prenatal VPA exposure, highlighting its importance in future studies of prenatal neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Brum Schwingel
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil
- Autism Wellbeing and Research Development (AWARD) Initiative, BR-UK-CA, Brazil
| | - Mellanie Fontes-Dutra
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil
- Autism Wellbeing and Research Development (AWARD) Initiative, BR-UK-CA, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Ramos
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rudimar Riesgo
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil
- Autism Wellbeing and Research Development (AWARD) Initiative, BR-UK-CA, Brazil
- Child Neurology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Brazil
| | - Victorio Bambini-Junior
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil
- Autism Wellbeing and Research Development (AWARD) Initiative, BR-UK-CA, Brazil
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Carmem Gottfried
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil
- Autism Wellbeing and Research Development (AWARD) Initiative, BR-UK-CA, Brazil
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Starkey J, Horstick EJ, Ackerman SD. Glial regulation of critical period plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1247335. [PMID: 38034592 PMCID: PMC10687281 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1247335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal behavior, from simple to complex, is dependent on the faithful wiring of neurons into functional neural circuits. Neural circuits undergo dramatic experience-dependent remodeling during brief developmental windows called critical periods. Environmental experience during critical periods of plasticity produces sustained changes to circuit function and behavior. Precocious critical period closure is linked to autism spectrum disorders, whereas extended synaptic remodeling is thought to underlie circuit dysfunction in schizophrenia. Thus, resolving the mechanisms that instruct critical period timing is important to our understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders. Control of critical period timing is modulated by neuron-intrinsic cues, yet recent data suggest that some determinants are derived from neighboring glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes). As glia make up 50% of the human brain, understanding how these diverse cells communicate with neurons and with each other to sculpt neural plasticity, especially during specialized critical periods, is essential to our fundamental understanding of circuit development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Starkey
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Eric J. Horstick
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Sarah D. Ackerman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Brain Immunology and Glia Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Clements CC, Ascunce K, Nelson CA. In Context: A Developmental Model of Reward Processing, With Implications for Autism and Sensitive Periods. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:1200-1216. [PMID: 36336205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differences in reward processing have been associated with numerous psychiatric disorders, including autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Many attempts to understand reward processing characterize differences in clinical populations after disorder onset; however, divergence may begin much earlier. In fact, the typical developmental progression of reward processing in infancy and early childhood is poorly understood. We re-conceptualize classic infant developmental constructs such as preferential looking into a Six-Component Developmental Model of Reward Processing: an infant- and young child-focused framework to guide research and assessment of reward processing across development. METHOD The extant developmental literature including recent textbooks, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses was reviewed to build a conceptual framework. We describe experimental paradigms to assess each developmental component of reward processing longitudinally from infancy. A timeline of each component's emergence was estimated. RESULTS Six components of reward processing were identified-association, discrimination, preference/valuation, effort, anticipation, and response. Selected evidence suggests emergence between birth and 6 months. Application of this model to autism led to a reinterpretation of existing disparate results, and illuminated a path to study the developmental processes underlying a popular hypothesis of autism, the motivation hypothesis. Current evidence further suggests that a sensitive period may exist for the emergence of reward processing. CONCLUSION The proposed framework offers a useful reconceptualization of the extant literature. Future longitudinal work using the suggested experimental paradigms with high-risk populations could elucidate the developmental trajectory of the components and timing of potential sensitive period(s) for each component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Clements
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Massachusetts.
| | | | - Charles A Nelson
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Richard S, Ren J, Flamant F. Thyroid hormone action during GABAergic neuron maturation: The quest for mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1256877. [PMID: 37854197 PMCID: PMC10579935 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling plays a major role in mammalian brain development. Data obtained in the past years in animal models have pinpointed GABAergic neurons as a major target of TH signaling during development, which opens up new perspectives to further investigate the mechanisms by which TH affects brain development. The aim of the present review is to gather the available information about the involvement of TH in the maturation of GABAergic neurons. After giving an overview of the kinds of neurological disorders that may arise from disruption of TH signaling during brain development in humans, we will take a historical perspective to show how rodent models of hypothyroidism have gradually pointed to GABAergic neurons as a main target of TH signaling during brain development. The third part of this review underscores the challenges that are encountered when conducting gene expression studies to investigate the molecular mechanisms that are at play downstream of TH receptors during brain development. Unravelling the mechanisms of action of TH in the developing brain should help make progress in the prevention and treatment of several neurological disorders, including autism and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frédéric Flamant
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, USC1370 Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Lyon, France
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Perica MI, Luna B. Impact of stress on excitatory and inhibitory markers of adolescent cognitive critical period plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105378. [PMID: 37643681 PMCID: PMC10591935 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of significant neurocognitive development. Prolonged maturation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) through adolescence has been found to support improvements in executive function. Changes in excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms of critical period plasticity have been found to be present in the PFC through adolescence, suggesting that environment may have a greater effect on development during this time. Stress is one factor known to affect neurodevelopment increasing risk for psychopathology. However, less is known about how stress experienced during adolescence could affect adolescent-specific critical period plasticity mechanisms and cognitive outcomes. In this review, we synthesize findings from human and animal literatures looking at the experience of stress during adolescence on cognition and frontal excitatory and inhibitory neural activity. Studies indicate enhancing effects of acute stress on cognition and excitation within specific contexts, while chronic stress generally dampens excitatory and inhibitory processes and impairs cognition. We propose a model of how stress could affect frontal critical period plasticity, thus potentially altering neurodevelopmental trajectories that could lead to risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Perica
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Larsen B, Sydnor VJ, Keller AS, Yeo BTT, Satterthwaite TD. A critical period plasticity framework for the sensorimotor-association axis of cortical neurodevelopment. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:847-862. [PMID: 37643932 PMCID: PMC10530452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
To understand human brain development it is necessary to describe not only the spatiotemporal patterns of neurodevelopment but also the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie them. Human neuroimaging studies have provided evidence for a hierarchical sensorimotor-to-association (S-A) axis of cortical neurodevelopment. Understanding the biological mechanisms that underlie this program of development using traditional neuroimaging approaches has been challenging. Animal models have been used to identify periods of enhanced experience-dependent plasticity - 'critical periods' - that progress along cortical hierarchies and are governed by a conserved set of neurobiological mechanisms that promote and then restrict plasticity. In this review we hypothesize that the S-A axis of cortical development in humans is partly driven by the cascading maturation of critical period plasticity mechanisms. We then describe how recent advances in in vivo neuroimaging approaches provide a promising path toward testing this hypothesis by linking signals derived from non-invasive imaging to critical period mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valerie J Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arielle S Keller
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition (CSC), and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research (TMR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health and Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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McDermott CL, Norton ES, Mackey AP. A systematic review of interventions to ameliorate the impact of adversity on brain development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105391. [PMID: 37708920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Adversity, including abuse, neglect, and poverty, impacts child brain development. However, the developing brain is highly plastic, and some of the impacts of childhood adversity may be mitigated by psychosocial interventions. The purpose of this review is to synthesize literature on neural outcomes of childhood interventions among individuals exposed to adversity. A systematic literature search identified 36 reports of 13 interventions. Overall, these studies provide evidence for experience-dependent plasticity in the developing brain. We synthesize studies in light of three themes. First, there was mixed evidence for a benefit of a younger age at intervention. Second, interventions tended to accelerate functional brain development, but the impact of interventions on the pace of structural brain development was less clear. Third, individual differences in intervention response were difficult to predict, in part due to small samples. However, there was significant variability in intervention type and timing, neuroimaging outcomes, and follow-up timing. Together, the studies reviewed here hold promise for the role of psychosocial interventions in ameliorating the neurodevelopmental consequences of childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy L McDermott
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Elizabeth S Norton
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Department of Medical Social Sciences, and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Graham G, Chimenti MS, Knudtson KL, Grenard DN, Co L, Sumner M, Tchou T, Bieszczad KM. Learning induces unique transcriptional landscapes in the auditory cortex. Hear Res 2023; 438:108878. [PMID: 37659220 PMCID: PMC10529106 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Learning can induce neurophysiological plasticity in the auditory cortex at multiple timescales. Lasting changes to auditory cortical function that persist over days, weeks, or even a lifetime, require learning to induce de novo gene expression. Indeed, transcription is the molecular determinant for long-term memories to form with a lasting impact on sound-related behavior. However, auditory cortical genes that support auditory learning, memory, and acquired sound-specific behavior are largely unknown. Using an animal model of adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats, this report is the first to identify genome-wide changes in learning-induced gene expression within the auditory cortex that may underlie long-lasting discriminative memory formation of acoustic frequency cues. Auditory cortical samples were collected from animals in the initial learning phase of a two-tone discrimination sound-reward task known to induce sound-specific neurophysiological and behavioral effects. Bioinformatic analyses on gene enrichment profiles from bulk RNA sequencing identified cholinergic synapse (KEGG rno04725), extra-cellular matrix receptor interaction (KEGG rno04512), and neuroactive receptor interaction (KEGG rno04080) among the top biological pathways are likely to be important for auditory discrimination learning. The findings characterize candidate effectors underlying the early stages of changes in cortical and behavioral function to ultimately support the formation of long-term discriminative auditory memory in the adult brain. The molecules and mechanisms identified are potential therapeutic targets to facilitate experiences that induce long-lasting changes to sound-specific auditory function in adulthood and prime for future gene-targeted investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Graham
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ, USA; Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - M S Chimenti
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - K L Knudtson
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D N Grenard
- Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - L Co
- Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - M Sumner
- Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - T Tchou
- Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - K M Bieszczad
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ, USA; Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ, USA; Dept. of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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50
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Tian M, Xiao X, Hu H, Cusack R, Bedny M. Visual experience shapes functional connectivity between occipital and non-visual networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.21.528939. [PMID: 36865300 PMCID: PMC9980152 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.528939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Comparisons across adults with different sensory histories (blind vs. sighted) have uncovered effects of experience on human brain function. In people born blind visual cortices are responsive to non-visual tasks and show altered functional connectivity at rest. Since almost all research has been done with adults, little is known about the developmental origins of this plasticity. Are infant visual cortices initially functionally like those of sighted adults and blindness causes reorganization? Alternatively, do infants start like blind adults, with vision required to set up the sighted pattern? To distinguish between these possibilities, we compare resting state functional connectivity across blind (n = 30) and blindfolded sighted (n = 50) adults to a large cohort of sighted infants (Developing Human Connectome Project, n = 475). Remarkably, we find that infant secondary visual cortices functionally resemble those of blind more than sighted adults, consistent with the idea that visual experience is required to set up long-range functional connectivity. Primary visual cortices show a mixture of instructive effects of vision and reorganizing effects of blindness. Specifically, in sighted adults, visual cortices show stronger functional coupling with nonvisual sensory-motor networks (i.e., auditory, somatosensory/motor) than with higher-cognitive prefrontal cortices (PFC). In blind adults, visual cortices show stronger coupling with PFC. In infants, connectivity of secondary visual cortices is stronger with PFC, while V1 shows equal sensory-motor/PFC connectivity. In contrast, lateralization of occipital-to-frontal connectivity resembles the sighted adults at birth and is reorganized by blindness, possibly due to recruitment of occipital networks for lateralized cognitive functions, such as language.
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