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Kour J, Bhardwaj T, Chouhan R, Singh AD, Gandhi SG, Bhardwaj R, Alsahli AA, Ahmad P. Phytomelatonin maintained chromium toxicity induced oxidative burst in Brassica juncea L. through improving antioxidant system and gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 356:124256. [PMID: 38810673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) contamination in soils reduces crop yields and poses a remarkable risk to human and plant system. The main objective of this study was to observe the protective mechanisms of exogenously applied melatonin (Mel- 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 μM) in seedlings of Brassica juncea L. under Cr (0.2 mM) stress. This was accomplished by analysing the plant's morpho-physiological, biochemical, nuclear, membrane, and cellular characteristics, as well as electrolyte leakage. Superoxide, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide increased with Cr toxicity. Cr also increased electrolyte leakage. Seedlings under Cr stress had 86.4% more superoxide anion and 27.4% more hydrogen peroxide. Electrolyte leakage increased 35.7% owing to Cr toxicity. B. juncea L. cells with high radical levels had membrane and nuclear damage and decreased viability. Besides this, the activities of the antioxidative enzymes, as POD, APOX, SOD, GST, DHAR, GPOX and GR also elevated in the samples subjected to Cr toxicity. Conversely, the activity of catalase was downregulated due to Cr toxicity. In contrast, Mel reduced oxidative damage and conserved membrane integrity in B. juncea seedlings under Cr stress by suppressing ROS generation. Moreover, the activity of antioxidative enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species was substantially upregulated by the exogenous application of Mel. The highest concentration of Mel (Mel c- 0.15 μM) applied showed maximum ameliorative effect on the toxicity caused by Cr. It causes alleviation in the activity of SOD, CAT, POD, GPOX, APOX, DHAR, GST and GR by 51.32%, 114%, 26.44%, 48.91%, 87.51%, 149%, 42.30% and 40.24% respectively. Histochemical investigations showed that Mel increased cell survival and reduced ROS-induced membrane and nuclear damage. The findings showed that Mel treatment upregulated several genes, promoting plant development. Its supplementation decreased RBOH1 gene expression in seedling sunder stress. The results supported the hypothesis that Mel concentrations reduce Cr-induced oxidative burst in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kour
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Tamanna Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Rekha Chouhan
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), CSIR, Jammu, India
| | - Arun Dev Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM), CSIR, Jammu, India.
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Jiang Y, Chen X, Cao X, Wang C, Yue L, Li X, Wang Z. Mechanistic insight into the intensification of arsenic toxicity to rice (Oryza sativa L.) by nanoplastic: Phytohormone and glutathione metabolism modulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134086. [PMID: 38521034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, nanoplastic (NPs) at environmentally relevant concentration (0.001% w/w) had no effect on the growth of rice, while significantly elevated the phytotoxicity of As (III) by 9.4-22.8% based on the endpoints of biomass and photosynthesis. Mechanistically, NPs at 0.001% w/w enhanced As accumulation in the rice shoots and roots by 70.9% and 24.5%, respectively. Reasons of this finding can was that (1) the co-exposure with As and NPs significantly decreased abscisic acid content by 16.0% in rice, with subsequent increasing the expression of aquaporin related genes by 2.1- to 2.7-folds as compared with As alone treatment; (2) the presence of NPs significantly inhibited iron plaque formation on rice root surface by 22.5%. We firstly demonstrated that "Trojan horse effect" had no contribution to the enhancement of As accumulation by NPs exposure. Additionally, NPs disrupted the salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and glutathione metabolism, which subsequently enhancing the oxidation (7.0%) and translocation (37.0%) of in planta As, and reducing arsenic detoxification pathways (e.g., antioxidative system (28.6-37.1%), As vacuolar sequestration (36.1%), and As efflux (18.7%)). Our findings reveal that the combined toxicity of NPs and traditional contaminations should be considered for realistic evaluations of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Tolleter D, Smith EN, Dupont-Thibert C, Uwizeye C, Vile D, Gloaguen P, Falconet D, Finazzi G, Vandenbrouck Y, Curien G. The Arabidopsis leaf quantitative atlas: a cellular and subcellular mapping through unified data integration. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 5:e2. [PMID: 38572078 PMCID: PMC10988163 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2024.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative analyses and models are required to connect a plant's cellular organisation with its metabolism. However, quantitative data are often scattered over multiple studies, and finding such data and converting them into useful information is time-consuming. Consequently, there is a need to centralise the available data and to highlight the remaining knowledge gaps. Here, we present a step-by-step approach to manually extract quantitative data from various information sources, and to unify the data format. First, data from Arabidopsis leaf were collated, checked for consistency and correctness and curated by cross-checking sources. Second, quantitative data were combined by applying calculation rules. They were then integrated into a unique comprehensive, referenced, modifiable and reusable data compendium representing an Arabidopsis reference leaf. This atlas contains the metrics of the 15 cell types found in leaves at the cellular and subcellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Tolleter
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Grenoble, France
| | - Edward N. Smith
- Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Clémence Dupont-Thibert
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Grenoble, France
| | - Clarisse Uwizeye
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Vile
- Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), UMR 759, Université de Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Gloaguen
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Falconet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Grenoble, France
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Gilles Curien
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Grenoble, France
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Tarigholizadeh S, Sushkova S, Rajput VD, Ranjan A, Arora J, Dudnikova T, Barbashev A, Mandzhieva S, Minkina T, Wong MH. Transfer and Degradation of PAHs in the Soil-Plant System: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:46-64. [PMID: 38108272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly toxic, persistent organic pollutants that threaten ecosystems and human health. Consistent monitoring is essential to minimize the entry of PAHs into plants and reduce food chain contamination. PAHs infiltrate plants through multiple pathways, causing detrimental effects and triggering diverse plant responses, ultimately increasing either toxicity or tolerance. Primary plant detoxification processes include enzymatic transformation, conjugation, and accumulation of contaminants in cell walls/vacuoles. Plants also play a crucial role in stimulating microbial PAHs degradation by producing root exudates, enhancing bioavailability, supplying nutrients, and promoting soil microbial diversity and activity. Thus, synergistic plant-microbe interactions efficiently decrease PAHs uptake by plants and, thereby, their accumulation along the food chain. This review highlights PAHs uptake pathways and their overall fate as contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). Understanding plant uptake mechanisms, responses to contaminants, and interactions with rhizosphere microbiota is vital for addressing PAH pollution in soil and ensuring food safety and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Jayati Arora
- Amity Institute of Environmental Science, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Tamara Dudnikova
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Barbashev
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | | | - Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russian Federation
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Sommer K, Becker T, von Bremen-Kühne M, Gotters M, Quarles CD, Sperling M, Kudla J, Karst U. Analysis of the elemental species-dependent uptake of lanthanide complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana plants by LA-ICP-MS. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139534. [PMID: 37467858 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are found increasingly in different water bodies, making the investigation of their uptake and distribution behavior in plants a matter of high interest to assess their potential effects on the environment. Depending on the used complexing agent, they are classified into linear or macrocyclic GBCAs, with macrocyclic complexes being more stable. In this study, by using TbCl3, Gd-DTPA-BMA, and Eu-DOTA as model compounds for ionic, linear, and macrocyclic lanthanide species, the elemental species-dependent uptake into leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana under identical biological conditions was studied. After growing for 14 days on medium containing the lanthanide species, the uptake of all studied compounds was confirmed by means of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Furthermore, the uptake rate of TbCl3 and the linear Gd-DTPA-BMA was similar, with Tb and Gd hotspots colocated in the areas of hydathodes and the trichomes of the leaves. In contrast, in the case of the macrocyclic Eu-DOTA, Eu was mainly located in the leaf veins. Additionally, Eu was colocated with Tb and Gd in the hydathode at the tip of the leave. Removal of the lanthanide species from the medium led to a decrease in signal intensities, indicating their subsequent release to some extent. However, seven days after the removal, depositions of Eu, Gd, and Tb were still present in the same areas of the leaves as before, showing that complete elimination was not achieved after this period of time. Overall, more Eu was present in the leaves compared to Gd and Tb, which can be explained by the high stability of the Eu-DOTA complex, potentially leading to a higher transport rate into the leaves, whereas TbCl3 and Gd-DTPA-BMA could interact with the roots, reducing their mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Sommer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Becker
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian von Bremen-Kühne
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Gotters
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - C Derrick Quarles
- Elemental Scientific, Inc., 7277 World Communications Dr., Omaha, NE, 68022, USA
| | - Michael Sperling
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany; European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Yadav P, Mishra V, Kumar T, Rai AK, Gaur A, Singh MP. An Approach to Evaluate Pb Tolerance and Its Removal Mechanisms by Pleurotus opuntiae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040405. [PMID: 37108860 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Widespread lead (Pb) contamination prompts various environmental problems and accounts for about 1% of the global disease burden. Thus, it has necessitated the demand for eco-friendly clean-up approaches. Fungi provide a novel and highly promising approach for the remediation of Pb-containing wastewater. The current study examined the mycoremediation capability of a white rot fungus, P. opuntiae, that showed effective tolerance to increasing concentrations of Pb up to 200 mg L−1, evidenced by the Tolerance Index (TI) of 0.76. In an aqueous medium, the highest removal rate (99.08%) was recorded at 200 mg L−1 whereas intracellular bioaccumulation also contributed to the uptake of Pb in significant amounts with a maximum of 24.59 mg g−1. SEM was performed to characterize the mycelium, suggesting changes in the surface morphology after exposure to high Pb concentrations. LIBS indicated a gradual change in the intensity of some elements after exposure to Pb stress. FTIR spectra displayed many functional groups including amides, sulfhydryl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups on the cell walls that led to binding sites for Pb and indicated the involvement of these groups in biosorption. XRD analysis unveiled a mechanism of biotransformation by forming a mineral complex as PbS from Pb ion. Further, Pb fostered the level of proline and MDA at a maximum relative to the control, and their concentration reached 1.07 µmol g−1 and 8.77 nmol g−1, respectively. High Pb concentration results in oxidative damage by increasing the production of ROS. Therefore, the antioxidant enzyme system provides a central role in the elimination of active oxygen. The enzymes, namely SOD, POD, CAT, and GSH, served as most responsive to clear away ROS and lower the stress. The results of this study suggested that the presence of Pb caused no visible adverse symptoms in P. opuntiae. Moreover, biosorption and bioaccumulation are two essential approaches involved in Pb removal by P. opuntiae and are established as worthwhile agents for the remediation of Pb from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Yadav
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Vartika Mishra
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Tejmani Kumar
- Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | | | - Ayush Gaur
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Mohan Prasad Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
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Wierzbicka M, Abratowska A, Bemowska-Kałabun O, Panufnik-Mędrzycka D, Wąsowicz P, Wróbel M, Trzybiński D, Woźniak K. Micro-Evolutionary Processes in Armeria maritima at Metalliferous Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054650. [PMID: 36902080 PMCID: PMC10003435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerance to heavy metals in plants is a model process used to study adaptations to extremely unfavorable environments. One species capable of colonizing areas with high contents of heavy metals is Armeria maritima (Mill.) Wild. A. maritima plants growing in metalliferous areas differ in their morphological features and tolerance levels to heavy metals compared to individuals of the same species growing in non-metalliferous areas. The A. maritima adaptations to heavy metals occur at the organismal, tissue, and cellular levels (e.g., the retention of metals in roots, enrichment of the oldest leaves with metals, accumulation of metals in trichomes, and excretion of metals by salt glands of leaf epidermis). This species also undergoes physiological and biochemical adaptations (e.g., the accumulation of metals in vacuoles of the root's tannic cells and secretion of such compounds as glutathione, organic acids, or HSP17). This work reviews the current knowledge on A. maritima adaptations to heavy metals occurring in zinc-lead waste heaps and the species' genetic variation from exposure to such habitats. A. maritima is an excellent example of microevolution processes in plants inhabiting anthropogenically changed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wierzbicka
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | | | - Paweł Wąsowicz
- Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Borgir vid Nordurslod, 600 Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Monika Wróbel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki I Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Gesneriads, a Source of Resurrection and Double-Tolerant Species: Proposal of New Desiccation- and Freezing-Tolerant Plants and Their Physiological Adaptations. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010107. [PMID: 36671798 PMCID: PMC9855904 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gesneriaceae is a pantropical family of plants that, thanks to their lithophytic and epiphytic growth forms, have developed different strategies for overcoming water scarcity. Desiccation tolerance or "resurrection" ability is one of them: a rare phenomenon among angiosperms that involves surviving with very little relative water content in their tissues until water is again available. Physiological responses of desiccation tolerance are also activated during freezing temperatures, a stress that many of the resurrection gesneriads suffer due to their mountainous habitat. Therefore, research on desiccation- and freezing-tolerant gesneriads is a great opportunity for crop improvement, and some of them have become reference resurrection angiosperms (Dorcoceras hygrometrica, Haberlea rhodopensis and Ramonda myconi). However, their difficult indoor cultivation and outdoor accessibility are major obstacles for their study. Therefore, this review aims to identify phylogenetic, geoclimatic, habitat, and morphological features in order to propose new tentative resurrection gesneriads as a way of making them more reachable to the scientific community. Additionally, shared and species-specific physiological responses to desiccation and freezing stress have been gathered as a stress response metabolic basis of the family.
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Sharma P, Chouhan R, Bakshi P, Gandhi SG, Kaur R, Sharma A, Bhardwaj R. Amelioration of Chromium-Induced Oxidative Stress by Combined Treatment of Selected Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Earthworms via Modulating the Expression of Genes Related to Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism in Brassica juncea. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:802512. [PMID: 35464947 PMCID: PMC9019754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.802512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) toxicity leads to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are extremely toxic to the plant and must be minimized to protect the plant from oxidative stress. The potential of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and earthworms in plant growth and development has been extensively studied. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of two PGPR (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia gladioli) along with earthworms (Eisenia fetida) on the antioxidant defense system in Brassica juncea seedlings under Cr stress. The Cr toxicity reduced the fresh and dry weights of seedlings, enhanced the levels of superoxide anion (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL), which lead to membrane as well as the nuclear damage and reduced cellular viability in B. juncea seedlings. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), glutathione peroxidase (GPOX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) were increased; however, a reduction was observed in the activity of catalase (CAT) in the seedlings under Cr stress. Inoculation of the PGPR and the addition of earthworms enhanced the activities of all other antioxidant enzymes except GPOX, in which a reduction of the activity was observed. For total lipid- and water-soluble antioxidants and the non-enzymatic antioxidants, viz., ascorbic acid and glutathione, an enhance accumulation was observed upon the inoculation with PGPR and earthworms. The supplementation of PGPR with earthworms (combined treatment) reduced both the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the MDA content by modulating the defense system of the plant. The histochemical studies also corroborated that the combined application of PGPR and earthworms reduced O2•-, H2O2, lipid peroxidation, and membrane and nuclear damage and improved cell viability. The expression of key antioxidant enzyme genes, viz., SOD, CAT, POD, APOX, GR, DHAR, and GST showed the upregulation of these genes at post-transcriptional level upon the combined treatment of the PGPR and earthworms, thereby corresponding to the improved plant biomass. However, a reduced expression of RBOH1 gene was noticed in seedlings supplemented under the effect of PGPR and earthworms grown under Cr stress. The results provided sufficient evidence regarding the role of PGPR and earthworms in the amelioration of Cr-induced oxidative stress in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Jalandhar, India.,Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Rekha Chouhan
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India
| | - Palak Bakshi
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, DAV College, Amritsar, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, DAV University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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10
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Wang Y, Kang Y, Yu W, Lyi SM, Choi HW, Xiao E, Li L, Klessig DF, Liu J. AtTIP2;2 facilitates resistance to zinc toxicity via promoting zinc immobilization in the root and limiting root-to-shoot zinc translocation in Arabidopsis thaliana. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113333. [PMID: 35203006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants. However, excess Zn is toxic to non-accumulating plants like Arabidopsis thaliana. To cope with Zn toxicity, non-accumulating plants need to keep excess Zn in the less sensitive root tissues and restrict its translocation to the vulnerable shoot tissues, a process referred to as Zn immobilization in the root. However, the mechanism underlying Zn immobilization is not fully understood. In Arabidopsis, sequestration of excess Zn to the vacuole of root cells is crucial for Zn immobilization, facilitated by distinct tonoplast-localized transporters. As some members of the aquaporin superfamily have been implicated in transporting metal ions besides polar but non-charged small molecules, we tested whether Arabidopsis thaliana tonoplast intrinsic proteins (AtTIPs) could be involved in Zn immobilization and resistance. We found that AtTIP2;2 is involved in retaining excess Zn in the root, limiting its translocation to the shoot, and facilitating its accumulation in the leaf trichome. Furthermore, when expressed in yeast, the tonoplast-localized AtTIP2;2 renders glutathione (GSH)-dependent Zn resistance to yeast cells, suggesting that AtTIP2;2 facilitates the across-tonoplast transport of GSH-Zn complexes. Our findings provide new insights into aquaporins' roles in heavy metal resistance and detoxification in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China; Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yan Kang
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Wancong Yu
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Medical Plant Laboratory, Tianjin Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tianjin, China
| | - Sangbom M Lyi
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong 36729, South Korea
| | - Enzong Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Daniel F Klessig
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jiping Liu
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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11
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Uraguchi S, Nagai K, Naruse F, Otsuka Y, Ohshiro Y, Nakamura R, Takanezawa Y, Kiyono M. Development of affinity bead-based in vitro metal-ligand binding assay reveals dominant cadmium affinity of thiol-rich small peptides phytochelatins beyond glutathione. Metallomics 2021; 13:6445037. [PMID: 34850059 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
For a better understanding of metal-ligand interaction and its function in cells, we developed an easy, sensitive, and high-throughput method to quantify ligand-metal(loid) binding affinity under physiological conditions by combining ligand-attached affinity beads and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Glutathione (GSH) and two phytochelatins (PC2 and PC3, small peptides with different numbers of free thiols) were employed as model ligands and attached to hydrophilic beads. The principle of the assay resembles that of affinity purification of proteins in biochemistry: metals binding to the ligand on the beads and the rest in the buffer are separated by a spin column and quantified by ICP-OES. The binding assay using the GSH-attached beads and various metal(loid)s suggested the different affinity of the metal-GSH interactions, in accordance with the order of the Irving-Williams series and the reported stability constants. The binding assay using PC2 or PC3-attached beads suggested positive binding between PCs and Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and As(III) in accordance with the number of thiols in PC2 and PC3. We then conducted the competition assay using Cd(II), Mn(II), Fe(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II), and the results suggested a better binding affinity of PC2 with Cd(II) than with the essential metals. Another competition assay using PC2 and GSH suggested a robust binding affinity between PCs and Cd(II) compared to GSH and Cd(II). These results suggested the dominance of PC-Cd complex formation in vitro, supporting the physiological importance of PCs for the detoxification of cadmium in vivo. We also discuss the potential application of the assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Uraguchi
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Nagai
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Fumii Naruse
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuto Otsuka
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuka Ohshiro
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Takanezawa
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masako Kiyono
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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12
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Nie M, Hu C, Shi G, Cai M, Wang X, Zhao X. Selenium restores mitochondrial dysfunction to reduce Cr-induced cell apoptosis in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Pekinensis) root tips. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112564. [PMID: 34340154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) disrupts the growth and physiology of plants. Selenium (Se) is considered as a promising option to help plants ameliorate Cr toxicity. To investigate the effects of exogenous Se on reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and programmed cell death (PCD) in root tip cells under Cr stress, hydroponic experiments were carried out with Chinese cabbage seedlings grown in Hoagland solution containing 1 mg L-1 Cr and 0.1 mg L-1 Se. Results showed that Se scavenged the overproduction of H2O2 and O2-·, and alleviated the level of lipid peroxidation in root tips stressed by Cr. Moreover, Se effectively prevented DNA degradation and reduced the number of apoptotic cells in root tips. Compared with Cr treatment, Se supplementation reduced the content of ROS and malondialdehyde in mitochondria by 38.23% and 17.52%, respectively. Se application decreased the opening degree of mitochondrial permeability transition pores by 32.30%, increased mitochondrial membrane potential by 40.91%, alleviated the release of cyt c from mitochondria into cytosol by 18.42% and caused 57.40% decrease of caspase 3-like protease activity, and thus restored mitochondrial dysfunction caused by Cr stress. In addition, the alteration of Se on mitochondrial physiological properties maintained calcium homeostasis between mitochondria and cytosol, which further contributed to reducing the appearance of Cr-induced PCD. Findings suggested that Se restored mitochondrial dysfunction, which further rescued root tip cells from PCD, consequently activating defense strategies to protect plants from Cr toxicity and maintaining plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Nie
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Research Center of Trace Elements/Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Research Center of Trace Elements/Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangyu Shi
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Miaomiao Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Research Center of Trace Elements/Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Research Center of Trace Elements/Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China.
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13
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Gao W, Guo C, Hu J, Dong J, Zhou LH. Mature trichome is the earliest sequestration site of Cd ions in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07501. [PMID: 34307941 PMCID: PMC8287149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequestration of heavy metals by plants in non-glandular leaf trichomes is important for survival in toxic soils and has the potential for environmental remediation. Although heavy metals are particularly toxic to many plants during development, the integration of sequestration into the developmental timecourse is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that plants preferentially sequester heavy metals into mature trichomes by investigating the timecourse of Cd2+ ions into the leaves of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Results supported the hypothesis and surprisingly showed no Cd2+ ions accumulated in earlier trichome development stages and that sequestration and release by mature trichomes were periodic and dynamic. Studies in mutants suggested that these dynamics were governed by the trichome's secondary cell wall, which matures late in development. Results suggest a developmentally timed pathway for excluding heavy metal toxins and the existence of mechanisms for controlled release that may relate to proposed functions of mature trichomes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Jingao Dong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Li Hong Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Pathology, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
- Mycotoxin and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001, Baoding, China
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14
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Amelioration of Chlorpyrifos-Induced Toxicity in Brassica juncea L. by Combination of 24-Epibrassinolide and Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060877. [PMID: 34204730 PMCID: PMC8231531 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pervasive use of chlorpyrifos (CP), an organophosphorus pesticide, has been proven to be fatal for plant growth, especially at higher concentrations. CP poisoning leads to growth inhibition, chlorosis, browning of roots and lipid and protein degradation, along with membrane dysfunction and nuclear damage. Plants form a linking bridge between the underground and above-ground communities to escape from the unfavourable conditions. Association with beneficial rhizobacteria promotes the growth and development of the plants. Plant hormones are crucial regulators of basically every aspect of plant development. The growing significance of plant hormones in mediating plant-microbe interactions in stress recovery in plants has been extensively highlighted. Hence, the goal of the current study was to investigate the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and PGPRs (Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ma), Burkholderia gladioli (Mb)) on growth and the antioxidative defence system of CP-stressed Brassica juncea L. seedlings. CP toxicity reduced the germination potential, hypocotyl and radicle development and vigour index, which was maximally recuperated after priming with EBL and Mb. CP-exposed seedlings showed higher levels of superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage (EL) and a lower level of nitric oxide (NO). In-vivo visualisation of CP-stressed seedlings using a light and fluorescent microscope also revealed the increase in O2-, H2O2 and lipid peroxidation, and decreased NO levels. The combination of EBL and PGPRs reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and improved the NO level. In CP-stressed seedlings, increased gene expression of defence enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), glutathione peroxidase (GPOX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GPOX) was seen, with the exception of catalase (CAT) on supplementation with EBL and PGPRs. The activity of nitrate reductase (NR) was likewise shown to increase after treatment with EBL and PGPRs. The results obtained from the present study substantiate sufficient evidence regarding the positive association of EBL and PGPRs in amelioration of CP-induced oxidative stress in Brassica juncea seedlings by strengthening the antioxidative defence machinery.
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15
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Khan RA, Mohammad, Hurrah IM, Muzafar S, Jan S, Abbas N. Transcriptional regulation of trichome development in plants: an overview. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-021-00017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Jiang H, Li Y, Jin Q, Yang D, Wu C, Cui J. Physiological and biochemical effects of Ti 3AlC 2 nanosheets on rice (Oryza sativa L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145340. [PMID: 33736383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MAX phase materials are a new type of nanomaterial with wide applications, but the potential effects of MAX phase materials on plants have not been reported. Herein, we selected Ti3AlC2 nanosheets as a typical MAX phase material to investigate its potential impacts on rice (Oryza sativa L.) at 0-1000 μg·mL-1. The foliar application of Ti3AlC2 at 100 and 1000 μg·mL-1 inhibited the growth of rice seedlings by producing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, foliar spraying of Ti3AlC2 at 100 μg·mL-1 decreased the stomatal aperture (78.6%) and increased the number of trichomes (100%). These responses demonstrated that the application of Ti3AlC2 could interfere with the immune system of plants by changing the structure and function of leaves, disturbing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. According to the above results, we concluded that the toxicity of Ti3AlC2 nanosheets on plants was mainly caused by the release of titanium ions. This study provides a valuable reference for understanding the impact of MAX phase materials on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- College of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Optical Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qian Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Desong Yang
- College of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Cailan Wu
- College of Agriculture / Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Jianghu Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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17
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Shvachko NA, Semilet TV, Tikhonova NG. Trichomes of Higher Plants: Homologous Series in Hereditary Variability and Molecular Genetic Mechanisms. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420110083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Papierowska E, Szatyłowicz J, Samborski S, Szewińska J, Różańska E. The Leaf Wettability of Various Potato Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9040504. [PMID: 32295290 PMCID: PMC7238215 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaf wettability has an impact on a plant's ability to retain water on its leaf surface, which in turn has many environmental consequences. In the case of the potato leaf (Solanum tuberosum L.), water on the leaf surface may contribute to the development of a fungal disease. If fungal disease is caused, this may reduce the size of potato harvests, which contribute significantly to meeting global food demand. The aim of this study was to assess the leaf wettability of five potato cultivars (i.e., Bryza, Lady Claire, Rudawa, Russet Burbank, Sweet Caroline) in the context of its direct and indirect impact on potato yield. Leaf wettability was assessed on the basis of contact angle measurements using a sessile drop method with an optical goniometer. For Bryza and Rudawa cultivars, which showed, respectively, the highest and the lowest contact angle values, light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed. The results of the contact angle measurements and microscopic image analyses of the potato leaf surfaces indicated that the level of wettability was closely related to the type of trichomes on the leaf and their density. Therefore, higher resistance of the Rudawa cultivar to biotic stress conditions could be the result of the presence of two glandular trichome types (VI and VII), which produce and secrete metabolites containing various sticky and/or toxic chemicals that may poison or repel herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Papierowska
- Water Centre, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, ul. Jana Ciszewskiego 6, 02-766 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Szatyłowicz
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Samborski
- Institute of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Szewińska
- Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.S.); (E.R.)
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Bali S, Kaur P, Jamwal VL, Gandhi SG, Sharma A, Ohri P, Bhardwaj R, Ali MA, Ahmad P. Seed Priming with Jasmonic Acid Counteracts Root Knot Nematode Infection in Tomato by Modulating the Activity and Expression of Antioxidative Enzymes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E98. [PMID: 31936090 PMCID: PMC7022828 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental stress, biotic as well as abiotic, is the main cause of decreased growth and crop production. One of the stress-causing agents in plants are parasitic nematodes responsible for crop loss. Jasmonic acid (JA) is recognized as one of signaling molecules in defense-related responses in plants, however, its role under nematode infestation is unclear. Therefore, the present study was planned to traverse the role of JA in boosting the activities of antioxidative enzymes in tomato seedlings during nematode inoculation. Application of JA declined oxidative damage by decreasing O2•- content, nuclear and membrane damage under nematode stress. JA treatment elevated the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, APOX, DHAR, GPOX, GR, and PPO in nematode-infested seedlings. Seed soaking treatment of JA upregulated the expression of SOD, POD, CAT, and GPOX under nematode stress. Various amino acids were found in tomato seedlings and higher content of aspartic acid, histidine, asparagine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, threonine, lysine, arginine, B-alanine, GABA, phenylalanine, proline, and ornithine was observed in seeds soaked with JA (100 nM) treatment during nematode inoculation. The results suggest an indispensable role of JA in basal defense response in plants during nematode stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.B.); (P.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.B.); (P.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu 180 001, India; (V.L.J.); (S.G.G.)
| | - Sumit G. Gandhi
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu 180 001, India; (V.L.J.); (S.G.G.)
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.B.); (P.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India
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20
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Bali S, Kaur P, Jamwal VL, Gandhi SG, Sharma A, Ohri P, Bhardwaj R, Ali MA, Ahmad P. Seed Priming with Jasmonic Acid Counteracts Root Knot Nematode Infection in Tomato by Modulating the Activity and Expression of Antioxidative Enzymes. Biomolecules 2020. [PMID: 31936090 DOI: 10.3390/biom1001009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental stress, biotic as well as abiotic, is the main cause of decreased growth and crop production. One of the stress-causing agents in plants are parasitic nematodes responsible for crop loss. Jasmonic acid (JA) is recognized as one of signaling molecules in defense-related responses in plants, however, its role under nematode infestation is unclear. Therefore, the present study was planned to traverse the role of JA in boosting the activities of antioxidative enzymes in tomato seedlings during nematode inoculation. Application of JA declined oxidative damage by decreasing O2•- content, nuclear and membrane damage under nematode stress. JA treatment elevated the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, APOX, DHAR, GPOX, GR, and PPO in nematode-infested seedlings. Seed soaking treatment of JA upregulated the expression of SOD, POD, CAT, and GPOX under nematode stress. Various amino acids were found in tomato seedlings and higher content of aspartic acid, histidine, asparagine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, threonine, lysine, arginine, B-alanine, GABA, phenylalanine, proline, and ornithine was observed in seeds soaked with JA (100 nM) treatment during nematode inoculation. The results suggest an indispensable role of JA in basal defense response in plants during nematode stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India
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21
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Cavé-Radet A, Rabhi M, Gouttefangeas F, El Amrani A. Do Specialized Cells Play a Major Role in Organic Xenobiotic Detoxification in Higher Plants? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1037. [PMID: 32733524 PMCID: PMC7363956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we used a double cell screening approach based on phenanthrene (phe) epifluorescence histochemical localization and oxygen radical detection to generate new data about how some specialized cells are involved in tolerance to organic xenobiotics. Thereby, we bring new insights about phe [a common Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)] cell specific detoxification, in two contrasting plant lineages thriving in different ecosystems. Our data suggest that in higher plants, detoxification may occur in specialized cells such as trichomes and pavement cells in Arabidopsis, and in the basal cells of salt glands in Spartina species. Such features were supported by a survey from the literature, and complementary data correlating the size of basal salt gland cells and tolerance abilities to PAHs previously reported between Spartina species. Furthermore, we conducted functional validation in two independent Arabidopsis trichomeless glabrous T-DNA mutant lines (GLABRA1 mutants). These mutants showed a sensitive phenotype under phe-induced stress in comparison with their background ecotypes without the mutation, indicating that trichomes are key structures involved in the detoxification of organic xenobiotics. Interestingly, trichomes and pavement cells are known to endoreduplicate, and we discussed the putative advantages given by endopolyploidy in xenobiotic detoxification abilities. The same feature concerning basal salt gland cells in Spartina has been raised. This similarity with detoxification in the endopolyploid liver cells of the animal system is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Cavé-Radet
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS/OSUR-UMR 6553, Ecosystèmes-Biodiversité-Evolution, Rennes, France
- *Correspondence: Armand Cavé-Radet, ; Mokded Rabhi, ; Abdelhak El Amrani,
| | - Mokded Rabhi
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- *Correspondence: Armand Cavé-Radet, ; Mokded Rabhi, ; Abdelhak El Amrani,
| | - Francis Gouttefangeas
- Université de Rennes 1, ScanMAT - Synthèse, Caractérisation et ANalyse de la MATière, Rennes, France
| | - Abdelhak El Amrani
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS/OSUR-UMR 6553, Ecosystèmes-Biodiversité-Evolution, Rennes, France
- *Correspondence: Armand Cavé-Radet, ; Mokded Rabhi, ; Abdelhak El Amrani,
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Accumulation, morpho-physiological and oxidative stress induction by single and binary treatments of fluoride and low molecular weight phthalates in Spirodela polyrhiza L. Schleiden. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20006. [PMID: 31882611 PMCID: PMC6934496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56110-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the interactive effects of fluoride and phthalates on their uptake, generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of antioxidative defence responses in Spirodela polyrhiza L. Schleiden. A hydroponic study was conducted in which S. polyrhiza cultured in Hoagland’s nutrient medium, was exposed to fluoride (50 ppm) and different concentrations viz., 75, 150 300 ppm of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and diallyl phthalate (DAP) individually as well as in combination for the time period of 24, 72, 120 and 168 h respectively. A significant decline in fresh weight, dry to fresh weight ratio, total chlorophyll, carotenoid content and increased anthocyanin content was observed. Fluoride and phthalates was found to be readily accumulated by S. polyrhiza in all the exposure periods. Interestingly, when binary treatments were given in nutrient medium, uptake of both fluoride and phthalate was found to be influenced by each other. In combined treatments, DEP stimulated fluoride uptake, while its own uptake was restricted by fluoride. In contrary to this, fluoride stimulated DAP uptake. Moreover, combined stress further caused significant decrement in carbohydrate, protein content and increment in MDA levels, phenolic content and electrolyte leakage. Nevertheless, phthalates showed more pronounced oxidative stress and growth inhibition compared to fluoride. To cope up with the oxidative damage, enhanced level of antioxidant enzymatic activities was observed in S. polyrhiza under both fluoride and phthalate stress as compared to control. Scanning electron microscope imaging of leaf stomata revealed that combined stress of fluoride with phthalates caused distortion in the shape of guard cells. Confocal micrographs confirmed the generation of reactive oxygen species, cell damage, disruption in membrane integrity, and enhanced levels of glutathione in plant cells. This study focussed on ecotoxicological and interactive significance of fluoride led phthalate uptake or vice versa which was also assumed to confer tolerance attributes.
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Bali S, Jamwal VL, Kaur P, Kohli SK, Ohri P, Gandhi SG, Bhardwaj R, Al-Huqail AA, Siddiqui MH, Ahmad P. Role of P-type ATPase metal transporters and plant immunity induced by jasmonic acid against Lead (Pb) toxicity in tomato. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:283-294. [PMID: 30844668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) plays an imperative role in plants by modulating the activity of their antioxidative defense system under stress conditions. Here, we explored the role of JA-induced alterations in the growth and transcript levels of antioxidative enzymes in tomato seedlings exposed to different Pb concentrations (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mM). Pb treatment caused a dose-dependent reduction in their root and shoot lengths. Treatment of 0.75 mM Pb showed an increase in the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (O2•-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as compared to the untreated seedlings. Pb uptake was enhanced with an increase in Pb concentration. The seeds primed with JA showed reduction in Pb uptake and improvement in growth under Pb toxicity. The seedlings treated with both JA (100 nM) and Pb (0.75 mM) showed a decline in the levels of MDA, O2•-, and H2O2 as compared to the seedlings treated with 0.75 mM Pb alone. These results suggested that JA (100 nM) mitigated the oxidative damage by lowering the expression of the RBO and P-type ATPase transporter genes and by modulating antioxidative defense system activity. The biochemical and molecular analyses showed that JA plays a crucial role in plant defense responses against Pb stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu 180 001, India.
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Asma A Al-Huqail
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Kaur P, Bali S, Sharma A, Kohli SK, Vig AP, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK, Abd Allah EF, Wijaya L, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Cd induced generation of free radical species in Brassica juncea is regulated by supplementation of earthworms in the drilosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:663-675. [PMID: 30476847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant defense system of Brassica juncea under Cd stress was examined on supplementation of earthworms in the rhizosphere at different concentrations of Cd (0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mM i.e. 56, 84, 112 and 140 mg kg-1 respectively). Seedlings were raised in small pots containing soil spiked with Cd and earthworms under controlled conditions for 15 days. Improved Cd accumulation, as well as enhanced plant dry weight and metal tolerance were observed following the addition of earthworms. Earthworm supplementation reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by 7.3% for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 7.1% for superoxide anion (O2-), and 8.4% for malondialdehyde (MDA) in plants treated with 1.25 mM (140 mg kg-1) Cd. Confocal microscopy revealed improved cell viability and reduced H2O2 content due to enhanced antioxidative activity. Activity and expression levels of genes coding for antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase; SOD, catalase; CAT, guaicol peroxidase; POD, glutathione reductase; GR, and glutathione-S-transferase; GST) were higher in plants raised in soils inoculated with earthworms, with expression of SOD increasing by 58.8%, CAT by 75%, POD by 183%, GR by 106.6%, and GST by 11.8%. Moreover, plant pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids) concentrations increased by 8%, 9.1%, 9.1%, and 7.7% respectively, in plants grown in soils supplemented with earthworms. The results of our study suggest that the addition of earthworms to soil increases antioxidative enzyme activities, gene expression in plants, and ROS inhibition, which enhances tolerance to Cd during the phytoextraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thukral
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Kohli SK, Bali S, Tejpal R, Bhalla V, Verma V, Bhardwaj R, Alqarawi AA, Abd Allah EF, Ahmad P. In-situ localization and biochemical analysis of bio-molecules reveals Pb-stress amelioration in Brassica juncea L. by co-application of 24-Epibrassinolide and Salicylic Acid. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3524. [PMID: 30837530 PMCID: PMC6401096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a major environmental concern affirming the need of proper mitigation strategies. In the present work, potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated. Seedlings pre-imbibed in EBL (0.1 mM) and SA (1 mM) individually and in combination, were sown in Pb supplemented petri-plates (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mM). Various microscopic observations and biochemical analysis were made on 10 days old seedlings of B. juncea. The toxic effects of Pb were evident with enhancement in in-situ accumulation of Pb, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear damage, membrane damage, cell death and polyamine. Furthermore, free amino acid were lowered in response to Pb toxicity. The levels of osmoprotectants including total carbohydrate, reducing sugars, trehalose, proline and glycine betaine were elevated in response to Pb treatment. Soaking treatment with combination of 24-EBL and SA led to effective amelioration of toxic effects of Pb. Reduction in Pb accumulation, reactive oxygen content (ROS), cellular damage and GSH levels were noticed in response to treatment with 24-EBL and SA individual and combined levels. The contents of free amino acid, amino acid profiling as well as in-situ localization of polyamine (spermidine) was recorded to be enhanced by co-application of 24-EBLand SA. Binary treatment of 24-EBL and SA, further elevated the content of osmoprotectants. The study revealed that co-application of combined treatment of 24-EBL and SA led to dimination of toxic effects of Pb in B. juncea seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Ruchi Tejpal
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Vinod Verma
- Department of Botany, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144012, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - A A Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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26
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Dai J, Zhang L, Du X, Zhang P, Li W, Guo X, Li Y. Effect of Lead on Antioxidant Ability and Immune Responses of Crucian Carp. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:546-553. [PMID: 29594948 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of lead exposure on the antioxidant and immune responses of Crucian carp. Three hundred sixty healthy Crucian carp were randomly grouped into four groups and exposed to different doses of lead (0, 0.05, 0.5, and 1 mg/L). Fish were sampled at 30 and 60 days, respectively, and antioxidant capability, immune parameters, ALAD activity, and immune-related genes were assessed. The results showed that T-AOC and GSH activities of the liver were significantly increased in 60 days (P < 0.05); the activities of SOD, CAT, T-AOC, and GSH were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared to the control in the kidney in 60 days. With an increase in Pb dose, the activity and expression of lysozyme and the content of immunoglobulin M were significantly decreased compared to the control. Compared with the control group, the activity of ALAD in the lead-exposed group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The expression of the HSP70, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-10), and immunoglobulin M genes was all enhanced in lead-exposed group, whereas lysozyme gene expression was decreased. The results indicated that lead induced oxidative stress and had immunotoxic effects on Crucian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Linbo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Peijun Zhang
- Health monitoring and inspection center of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wei Li
- China-Japan union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Xiyao Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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27
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Zhang L, Vertes A. Einzelzell‐Massenspektrometrie zur Untersuchung zellulärer Heterogenität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry The George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry The George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA
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28
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Zhang L, Vertes A. Single‐Cell Mass Spectrometry Approaches to Explore Cellular Heterogeneity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4466-4477. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry The George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Akos Vertes
- Department of Chemistry The George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA
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29
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Kumar V, Saha D, Thakare DR, Jajoo A, Jain PK, Bhat SR, Srinivasan R. A part of the upstream promoter region of SHN2 gene directs trichome specific expression in Arabidopsis thaliana and heterologous plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 264:138-148. [PMID: 28969794 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A promoter trap mutant line of Arabidopsis carrying a promoterless β-glucuronidase (uidA) gene exhibited GUS expression predominantly in all the trichomes. In this mutant, the T-DNA insertion was localized at 147bp upstream of the putative start codon, ATG, of the At5g11190 (SHN2) gene. Transcript profiling of the SHN2 suggested a constitutive expression of the gene in all the tissues. Deletion analysis of the upstream sequences established that a 565bp (-594/-30) region confers trichome-specific gene expression. The trichomes isolated from young, mature and senesced leaf tissues also showed the presence of SHN2 transcript. The occurrence of multiple TSSs on the SHN2 gene sequence, presence of the SHN2 transcript in the homozygous trip mutant, despite an insertional mutation event, and diverse reporter gene expression pattern driven by 5' and 3' promoter deletion fragments, suggest a complex transcriptional regulation of SHN2 gene in Arabidopsis. The promoter sequence -594/-30 showed a conserved functional role in conferring non-glandular trichome-specific expression in other heterologous systems like Brassica juncea and Solanum lycopersicon. Thus, in the present study T-DNA tagging has led to the identification of a trichome-specific regulatory sequence in the upstream region of a constitutively expressed SHN2 gene. The study also suggests a complex regulation of SHN2 gene. Isolated trichome specific region retains its functions in other systems like Brassica and tomato, hence could be effectively exploited in engineering trichome cells in heterologous crop plants to manipulate traits like biopharming and insect herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajinder Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Dipnarayan Saha
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Dhiraj Ramesh Thakare
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452010, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jain
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | | | - Ramamurthy Srinivasan
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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30
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Huang C, Lai C, Xu P, Zeng G, Huang D, Zhang J, Zhang C, Cheng M, Wan J, Wang R. Lead-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant response provide insight into the tolerance of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to lead exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 187:70-77. [PMID: 28841433 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigated the effect of lead (Pb) on the growth, metal accumulation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant response in Phanerochaete chrysosporium, which is a well-known hyperaccumulating species for heavy metal with appreciable bioaccumulation capacity. Results revealed that P. chrysosporium exhibited a good ability in Pb accumulation and tolerance over a concentration range of 50-100 mg L-1 Pb. The removal rate of Pb decreased with the increasing levels of Pb and reached a maximum of 91.3% at 50 mg L-1. Both extracellular adsorption and intracellular bioaccumulation contributed to the removal of Pb, with the maximum of 123.8 mg g-1 and 162.5 mg g-1 dry weight, respectively. Pb may exert its toxicity to P. chrysosporium by impairing oxidative metabolism, as evidenced by the enhanced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation product malonaldehyde (MDA). P. chrysosporium evolved an antioxidant system by elevating the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in response to Pb stress, whereas decreasing the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). Moreover, Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated a good correlation between oxidative stress biomarkers and enzymatic antioxidants. The preset work suggested that P. chrysosporium exhibited an outstanding accumulation of Pb and tolerance of Pb-induced oxidative stress by the effective antioxidant defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jia Wan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Rongzhong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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31
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Giaretta S, Prasad D, Forieri I, Vamerali T, Trentin AR, Wirtz M, Hell R, Masi A. Apoplastic gamma-glutamyl transferase activity encoded by GGT1 and GGT2 is important for vegetative and generative development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:44-56. [PMID: 28319794 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) is the only enzyme capable of degrading glutathione (GSH) in extra-cytosolic spaces. In plant cells, the GGT1 and GGT2 isoforms are located in the apoplast, bound respectively to the cell wall and the plasma membrane. GGT1 is expressed throughout plants, mainly in the leaves and vascular system, while GGT2 is more specifically expressed in seeds and trichomes, and weakly in roots. Their role in plant physiology remains to be clarified, however. Obtaining the ggt1/ggt2 double mutant can offer more clues than the corresponding single mutants, and to prevent any compensatory expression between the two isoforms. In this work, ggt1/ggt2 RNAi (RNA interference) lines were generated and characterized in the tissues where both isoforms are expressed. The seed yield was lower in the ggt1/ggt2 RNAi plants due to the siliques being fewer in number and shorter in length, with no changes in thiols and sulfur compounds. Proline accumulation and delayed seed germination were seen in one line. There were also fewer trichomes (which contain high levels of GSH) in the RNAi lines than in the wild type, and the root elongation rate was slower. In conclusion, apoplastic GGT silencing induces a decrease in the number of organs with a high GSH demand (seeds and trichomes) as a result of resource reallocation to preserve integrity and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giaretta
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Padova, Italy.
| | - Dinesh Prasad
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India.
| | - Ilaria Forieri
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Teofilo Vamerali
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Padova, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Trentin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Padova, Italy.
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Padova, Italy.
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32
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Ma Y, He X, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Ding Y, Zhang J, Wang G, Xie C, Luo W, Zhang J, Zheng L, Chai Z, Yang K. Xylem and Phloem Based Transport of CeO 2 Nanoparticles in Hydroponic Cucumber Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5215-5221. [PMID: 28383248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Uptake and translocation of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) in plants have drawn much attention due to their potential toxicity to the environment, including food webs. In this paper, the xylem and phloem based transport of CeO2 NPs in hydroponic cucumber plants was investigated using a split-root system. One half of the root system was treated with 200 or 2000 mg/L of CeO2 NPs for 3 days, whereas the other half remained untreated, with both halves sharing the same aerial part. The quantitative distribution and speciation of Ce in different plant tissues and xylem sap were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscope, X-ray absorption near edge structure, and X-ray fluorescence. Results show that about 15% of Ce was reduced from Ce(IV) to Ce(III) in the roots of the treated-side (TS), while almost all of Ce remained Ce(IV) in the blank-side (BS). The detection of CeO2 or its transformation products in the xylem sap, shoots, and BS roots indicates that Ce was transported as a mixture of Ce(IV) and Ce(III) from roots to shoots through xylem, while it was transported almost only in the form of CeO2 from shoots back to roots through phloem. To our knowledge, this is the first report of root-to-shoot-to-root redistribution after transformation of CeO2 NPs in plants, which has significant implications for food safety and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao He
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yayun Ding
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junzhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changjian Xie
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhe Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, China
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Alves WS, Manoel EA, Santos NS, Nunes RO, Domiciano GC, Soares MR. Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Medicago sativa L. by fluorescence microscopy. Micron 2017; 95:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Parker JF, Hopley PJ, Kuhn BF. Fossil Carder Bee's Nest from the Hominin Locality of Taung, South Africa. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161198. [PMID: 27682845 PMCID: PMC5040396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Buxton-Norlim Limeworks southwest of Taung, South Africa, is renowned for the discovery of the first Australopithecus africanus fossil, the 'Taung Child'. The hominin was recovered from a distinctive pink calcrete that contains an abundance of invertebrate ichnofauna belonging to the Coprinisphaera ichnofacies. Here we describe the first fossil bee's nest, attributed to the ichnogenus Celliforma, from the Plio-Pleistocene of Africa. Petrographic examination of a cell lining revealed the preservation of an intricate organic matrix lined with the calcitic casts of numerous plant trichomes-a nesting behaviour unique to the modern-day carder bees (Anthidiini). The presence of Celliforma considered alongside several other recorded ichnofossils can be indicative of a dry, savannah environment, in agreement with recent work on the palaeoenvironment of Plio-Pleistocene southern Africa. Moreover, the occurrence of ground-nesting bees provides further evidence that the pink calcrete deposits are of pedogenic origin, rather than speleogenic origin as has previously been assumed. This study demonstrates the potential value of insect trace fossils as palaeoenvironmental indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Parker
- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Hopley
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian F. Kuhn
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Zhang S, Zhang X, Chang C, Yuan Z, Wang T, Zhao Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, La G, Wu K, Zhang Z, Li X. Improvement of tolerance to lead by filamentous fungus Pleurotus ostreatus HAU-2 and its oxidative responses. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:33-39. [PMID: 26891354 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater contaminated with heavy metals is a world-wide concern. One biological treatment strategy includes filamentous fungi capable of extracellular adsorption and intracellular bioaccumulation. Here we report that an acclimated strain of filamentous fungus Pleurotus ostreatus HAU-2 can withstand Pb up to 1500 mg L(-1) Pb, conditions in which the wildtype strain cannot grow. The acclimated strain grew in liquid culture under 500 mg L(-1) Pb without significant abnormity in biomass and morphology, and was able to remove significant amounts of heavy metals with rate of 99.1% at 200 mg L(-1) and 63.3% at 1500 mg L(-1). Intracellular bioaccumulation as well as extracellular adsorption both contributed the Pb reduction. Pb induced levels of H2O2, and its concentration reached 72.9-100.9 μmol g(-1) under 200-1000 mg L(-1) Pb. A relatively higher malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration (8.06-7.59 nmol g(-1)) was also observed at 500-1500 mg L(-1) Pb, indicating that Pb exposure resulted in oxidative damage. The fungal cells also defended against the attack of reactive oxygen species by producing antioxidants. Of the three antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), CAT was the most responsive and the maximal enzyme activity was 15.8 U mg(-1) protein. Additionally, glutathione (GSH) might also play a role (3.16-3.21 mg g(-1) protein) in detoxification under relatively low Pb concentration (100-200 mg L(-1)). Our findings suggested that filamentous fungus could be selected for increased tolerance to heavy metals and that CAT and GSH might be important components of this tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- Henan Provincial Corporation of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Zhiyong Yuan
- Henan Provincial Corporation of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xitian Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Guixiao La
- Industrial Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kun Wu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Xuanzhen Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Decipher the Molecular Response of Plant Single Cell Types to Environmental Stresses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4182071. [PMID: 27088086 PMCID: PMC4818802 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4182071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of the molecular response of entire plants or organs to environmental stresses suffers from the cellular complexity of the samples used. Specifically, this cellular complexity masks cell-specific responses to environmental stresses and logically leads to the dilution of the molecular changes occurring in each cell type composing the tissue/organ/plant in response to the stress. Therefore, to generate a more accurate picture of these responses, scientists are focusing on plant single cell type approaches. Several cell types are now considered as models such as the pollen, the trichomes, the cotton fiber, various root cell types including the root hair cell, and the guard cell of stomata. Among them, several have been used to characterize plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we are describing the various -omic studies performed on these different plant single cell type models to better understand plant cell response to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Maurino VG, Engqvist MKM. 2-Hydroxy Acids in Plant Metabolism. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2015; 13:e0182. [PMID: 26380567 PMCID: PMC4568905 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glycolate, malate, lactate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate are important 2-hydroxy acids (2HA) in plant metabolism. Most of them can be found as D- and L-stereoisomers. These 2HA play an integral role in plant primary metabolism, where they are involved in fundamental pathways such as photorespiration, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate cycle, methylglyoxal pathway, and lysine catabolism. Recent molecular studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have helped elucidate the participation of these 2HA in in plant metabolism and physiology. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge about the metabolic pathways and cellular processes in which they are involved, focusing on the proteins that participate in their metabolism and cellular/intracellular transport in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica G. Maurino
- institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin K. M. Engqvist
- institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Mukhopadhyay P, Tyagi AK. OsTCP19 influences developmental and abiotic stress signaling by modulating ABI4-mediated pathways. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9998. [PMID: 25925167 PMCID: PMC4415230 DOI: 10.1038/srep09998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Class-I TCP transcription factors are plant-specific developmental regulators. In this study, the role of one such rice gene, OsTCP19, in water-deficit and salt stress response was explored. Besides a general upregulation by abiotic stresses, this transcript was more abundant in tolerant than sensitive rice genotypes during early hours of stress. Stress, tissue and genotype-dependent retention of a small in-frame intron in this transcript was also observed. Overexpression of OsTCP19 in Arabidopsis caused upregulation of IAA3, ABI3 and ABI4 and downregulation of LOX2, and led to developmental abnormalities like fewer lateral root formation. Moreover, decrease in water loss and reactive oxygen species, and hyperaccumulation of lipid droplets in the transgenics contributed to better stress tolerance both during seedling establishment and in mature plants. OsTCP19 was also shown to directly regulate a rice triacylglycerol biosynthesis gene in transient assays. Genes similar to those up- or downregulated in the transgenics were accordingly found to coexpress positively and negatively with OsTCP19 in Rice Oligonucleotide Array Database. Interactions of OsTCP19 with OsABI4 and OsULT1 further suggest its function in modulation of abscisic acid pathways and chromatin structure. Thus, OsTCP19 appears to be an important node in cell signaling which crosslinks stress and developmental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipto Mukhopadhyay
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi. 110067, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Tyagi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi. 110067, India
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Most P, Papenbrock J. Possible roles of plant sulfurtransferases in detoxification of cyanide, reactive oxygen species, selected heavy metals and arsenate. Molecules 2015; 20:1410-23. [PMID: 25594348 PMCID: PMC6272796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20011410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and animals have evolved various potential mechanisms to surmount the adverse effects of heavy metal toxicity. Plants possess low molecular weight compounds containing sulfhydryl groups (-SH) that actively react with toxic metals. For instance, glutathione (γ-Glu-Cys-Gly) is a sulfur-containing tripeptide thiol and a substrate of cysteine-rich phytochelatins (γ-Glu-Cys)2-11-Gly (PCs). Phytochelatins react with heavy metal ions by glutathione S-transferase in the cytosol and afterwards they are sequestered into the vacuole for degradation. Furthermore, heavy metals induce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which directly or indirectly influence metabolic processes. Reduced glutathione (GSH) attributes as an antioxidant and participates to control ROS during stress. Maintenance of the GSH/GSSG ratio is important for cellular redox balance, which is crucial for the survival of the plants. In this context, sulfurtransferases (Str), also called rhodaneses, comprise a group of enzymes widely distributed in all phyla, paving the way for the transfer of a sulfur atom from suitable sulfur donors to nucleophilic sulfur acceptors, at least in vitro. The best characterized in vitro reaction is the transfer of a sulfane sulfur atom from thiosulfate to cyanide, leading to the formation of sulfite and thiocyanate. Plants as well as other organisms have multi-protein families (MPF) of Str. Despite the presence of Str activities in many living organisms, their physiological role has not been clarified unambiguously. In mammals, these proteins are involved in the elimination of cyanide released from cyanogenic compounds. However, their ubiquity suggests additional physiological functions. Furthermore, it is speculated that a member of the Str family acts as arsenate reductase (AR) and is involved in arsenate detoxification. In summary, the role of Str in detoxification processes is still not well understood but seems to be a major function in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Most
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuserstr. 2, Hannover D-30419, Germany.
| | - Jutta Papenbrock
- Institute of Botany, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuserstr. 2, Hannover D-30419, Germany.
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Koudounas K, Manioudaki ME, Kourti A, Banilas G, Hatzopoulos P. Transcriptional profiling unravels potential metabolic activities of the olive leaf non-glandular trichome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:633. [PMID: 26322070 PMCID: PMC4534801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The olive leaf trichomes are multicellular peltate hairs densely distributed mainly at the lower leaf epidermis. Although, non-glandular, they have gained much attention since they significantly contribute to abiotic and biotic stress tolerance of olive leaves. The exact mechanisms by which olive trichomes achieve these goals are not fully understood. They could act as mechanical barrier but they also accumulate high amounts of flavonoids among other secondary metabolites. However, little is currently known about the exact compounds they produce and the respective metabolic pathways. Here we present the first EST analysis from olive leaf trichomes by using 454-pyrosequencing. A total of 5368 unigenes were identified out of 7258 high quality reads with an average length of 262 bp. Blast search revealed that 27.5% of them had high homologies to known proteins. By using Blast2GO, 1079 unigenes (20.1%) were assigned at least one Gene Ontology (GO) term. Most of the genes were involved in cellular and metabolic processes and in binding functions followed by catalytic activity. A total of 521 transcripts were mapped to 67 KEGG pathways. Olive trichomes represent a tissue of highly unique transcriptome as per the genes involved in developmental processes and the secondary metabolism. The results indicate that mature olive trichomes are trancriptionally active, mainly through the potential production of enzymes that contribute to phenolic compounds with important roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria E. Manioudaki
- Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of ChaniaCrete, Greece
| | - Anna Kourti
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Georgios Banilas
- Department of Oenology and Beverage Technology, Technological Educational Institute of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Polydefkis Hatzopoulos
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of AthensAthens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Polydefkis Hatzopoulos, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
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Laureano-Marín AM, García I, Romero LC, Gotor C. Assessing the transcriptional regulation of L-cysteine desulfhydrase 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:683. [PMID: 25538717 PMCID: PMC4255504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is an important signaling molecule that functions as a physiological gasotransmitter of comparable importance to NO and CO in mammalian systems. In plants, numerous studies have shown that sulfide increases tolerance/resistance to stress conditions and regulates essential processes. The endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide in the cytosol of Arabidopsis thaliana occurs by the enzymatic desulfuration of L-cysteine, which is catalyzed by the L-cysteine desulfhydrase enzyme DES1. To define the functional role of DES1 and the role that the sulfide molecule may play in the regulation of physiological processes in plants, we studied the localization of the expression of this gene at the tissue level. Transcriptional data reveal that DES1 is expressed at all developmental stages and is more abundant at the seedling stage and in mature plants. At the tissue level, we analyzed the expression of a GFP reporter gene fused to promoter of DES1. The GFP fluorescent signal was detected in the cytosol of both epidermal and mesophyll cells, including the guard cells. GFP fluorescence was highly abundant around the hydathode pores and inside the trichomes. In mature plants, fluorescence was detected in floral tissues; a strong GFP signal was detected in sepals, petals, and pistils. When siliques were examined, the highest GFP fluorescence was observed at the bases of the siliques and the seeds. The location of GFP expression, together with the identification of regulatory elements within the DES1 promoter, suggests that DES1 is hormonally regulated. An increase in DES1 expression in response to ABA was recently demonstrated; in the present work, we observe that in vitro auxin treatment significantly repressed the expression of DES1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cecilia Gotor
- *Correspondence: Cecilia Gotor, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Avenida Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain e-mail:
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42
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Jozefczak M, Keunen E, Schat H, Bliek M, Hernández LE, Carleer R, Remans T, Bohler S, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A. Differential response of Arabidopsis leaves and roots to cadmium: glutathione-related chelating capacity vs antioxidant capacity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 83:1-9. [PMID: 25049163 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to uncover the spatiotemporal involvement of glutathione (GSH) in two major mechanisms of cadmium (Cd)-induced detoxification (i.e. chelation and antioxidative defence). A kinetic study was conducted on hydroponically grown Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heyhn) to gain insight into the early events after exposure to Cd. Cadmium detoxification was investigated at different levels, including gene transcripts, enzyme activities and metabolite content. Data indicate a time-dependent response both within roots and between plant organs. Early on in roots, GSH was preferentially allocated to phytochelatin (PC) synthesis destined for Cd chelation. This led to decreased GSH levels, without alternative pathways activated to complement GSH's antioxidative functions. After one day however, multiple antioxidative pathways increased including superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate (AsA) and catalase (CAT) to ensure efficient neutralization of Cd-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). As a consequence of Cd retention and detoxification in roots, a delayed response occurred in leaves. Together with high leaf thiol contents and possibly signalling responses from the roots, the leaves were protected, allowing them sufficient time to activate their defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke Jozefczak
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Els Keunen
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Henk Schat
- Free University of Amsterdam, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mattijs Bliek
- Free University of Amsterdam, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Luis E Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Robert Carleer
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Tony Remans
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Sacha Bohler
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Hasselt University, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Agoralaan Building D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Zhang L, Foreman DP, Grant PA, Shrestha B, Moody SA, Villiers F, Kwak JM, Vertes A. In situ metabolic analysis of single plant cells by capillary microsampling and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with ion mobility separation. Analyst 2014; 139:5079-85. [PMID: 25109271 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in single cell analysis techniques have demonstrated cell-to-cell variability in both homogeneous and heterogeneous cell populations strengthening our understanding of multicellular organisms and individual cell behaviour. However, additional tools are needed for non-targeted metabolic analysis of live single cells in their native environment. Here, we combine capillary microsampling with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility separation (IMS) for the analysis of various single A. thaliana epidermal cell types, including pavement and basal cells, and trichomes. To achieve microsampling of different cell types with distinct morphology, custom-tailored microcapillaries were used to extract the cell contents. To eliminate the isobaric interferences and enhance the ion coverage in single cell analysis, a rapid separation technique, IMS, was introduced that retained ions based on their collision cross sections. For each cell type, the extracted cell material was directly electrosprayed resulting in ∼200 peaks in ESI-MS and ∼400 different ions in ESI-IMS-MS, the latter representing a significantly enhanced coverage. Based on their accurate masses and tandem MS, 23 metabolites and lipids were tentatively identified. Our results indicated that profound metabolic differences existed between the trichome and the other two cell types but differences between pavement and basal cells were hard to discern. The spectra indicated that in all three A. thaliana cell types the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway had high coverage. In addition, metabolites from the subpathway, sinapic acid ester biosynthesis, were more abundant in single pavement and basal cells, whereas compounds from the kaempferol glycoside biosynthesis pathway were present at significantly higher level in trichomes. Our results demonstrate that capillary microsampling coupled with ESI-IMS-MS captures metabolic differences between A. thaliana epidermal cell types, paving the way for the non-targeted analysis of single plant cells and subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, W. M. Keck Institute for Proteomics Technology and Applications, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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Nayidu NK, Tan Y, Taheri A, Li X, Bjorndahl TC, Nowak J, Wishart DS, Hegedus D, Gruber MY. Brassica villosa, a system for studying non-glandular trichomes and genes in the Brassicas. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 85:519-39. [PMID: 24831512 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Brassica villosa is a wild Brassica C genome species with very dense trichome coverage and strong resistance to many insect pests of Brassica oilseeds and vegetables. Transcriptome analysis of hairy B. villosa leaves indicated higher expression of several important trichome initiation genes compared with glabrous B. napus leaves and consistent with the Arabidopsis model of trichome development. However, transcripts of the TRY inhibitory gene in hairy B. villosa were surprisingly high relative to B. napus and relative transcript levels of SAD2, EGL3, and several XIX genes were low, suggesting potential ancillary or less important trichome-related roles for these genes in Brassica species compared with Arabidopsis. Several antioxidant, calcium, non-calcium metal and secondary metabolite genes also showed differential expression between these two species. These coincided with accumulation of two alkaloid-like compounds, high levels of calcium, and other metals in B. villosa trichomes that are correlated with the known tolerance of B. villosa to high salt and the calcium-rich natural habitat of this wild species. This first time report on the isolation of large amounts of pure B. villosa trichomes, on trichome content, and on relative gene expression differences in an exceptionally hairy Brassica species compared with a glabrous species opens doors for the scientific community to understand trichome gene function in the Brassicas and highlights the potential of B. villosa as a trichome research platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghabushana K Nayidu
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N0X2, Canada,
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Heavy metal-induced glutathione accumulation and its role in heavy metal detoxification in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6409-18. [PMID: 24723291 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phanerochaete chrysosporium are known to be vital hyperaccumulation species for heavy metal removal with admirable intracellular bioaccumulation capacity. This study analyzes the heavy metal-induced glutathione (GSH) accumulation and the regulation at the intracellular heavy metal level in P. chrysosporium. P. chrysosporium accumulated high levels of GSH, accompanied with high intracellular concentrations of Pb and Cd. Pb bioaccumulation lead to a narrow range of fluctuation in GSH accumulation (0.72-0.84 μmol), while GSH plummeted under Cd exposure at the maximum value of 0.37 μmol. Good correlations between time-course GSH depletion and Cd bioaccumulation were determined (R (2) > 0.87), while no significant correlations have been found between GSH variation and Pb bioaccumulation (R (2) < 0.38). Significantly, concentration-dependent molar ratios of Pb/GSH ranging from 0.10 to 0.18 were observed, while molar ratios of Cd/GSH were at the scope of 1.53-3.32, confirming the dominant role of GSH in Cd chelation. The study also demonstrated that P. chrysosporium showed considerable hypertolerance to Pb ions, accompanied with demand-driven stimulation in GSH synthesis and unconspicuous generation of reactive oxygen stress. GSH plummeted dramatically response to Cd exposure, due to the strong affinity of GSH to Cd and the involvement of GSH in Cd detoxification mechanism mainly as Cd chelators. Investigations into GSH metabolism and its role in ameliorating metal toxicity can offer important information on the application of the microorganism for wastewater treatment.
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Yang CY. Hydrogen peroxide controls transcriptional responses of ERF73/HRE1 and ADH1 via modulation of ethylene signaling during hypoxic stress. PLANTA 2014; 239:877-85. [PMID: 24395201 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-2020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, or oxygen deficiency, is an abiotic stress that plants are subjected to during soil flooding. Therefore, plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms to sense oxygen deficiency and make coordinated changes at the transcriptional level. The results of this study show that the interplay between hydrogen peroxide and ethylene affected the transcriptional responses of ERF73/HRE1 and ADH1 during hypoxia signaling. H₂O₂ affected the abundance of ERF73/HRE1 and ADH1 mRNAs in both wild-type Arabidopsis and the ethylene-insensitive mutant, ein2-5. Promoter analysis was conducted using transgenic plants expressing an ERF73/HRE1 promoter-β-glucuronidase reporter gene construct. GUS staining observations and activity assays showed that GUS was regulated similarly to, and showed a similar accumulation pattern as, H₂O₂ during hypoxia. The transcript levels of ERF73/HRE1 and ADH1 were significantly decreased in the WT by combined hypoxia and diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor) treatment. In ein2-5, induction of ERF73/HRE1 was also reduced significantly by the combined hypoxia and DPI treatment. In contrast, ADH1 mRNA levels only slightly decreased after this treatment. When DPI was supplied at different time points during hypoxia treatment, H₂O₂ had critical effects on regulating the transcript levels of ERF73/HRE1 and ADH1 during the early stages of hypoxia signaling. The induction of hypoxia-inducible genes encoding peroxidases and cytochrome P450s was affected, and accumulation of H₂O₂ was reduced, in ein2-5 during hypoxic stress. Together, these results demonstrate that H₂O₂ plays an important role during primary hypoxia signaling to control the transcriptional responses of ERF73/HRE1 and ADH1 via modulation of ethylene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ying Yang
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, 40227, Taichung, Taiwan,
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Nigmatullina LR, Rumyantseva NI, Kostyukova YA. Effect of D,L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine on the ratio of glutathione forms and the growth of Tatar buckwheat calli. Russ J Dev Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360414010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Desalme D, Binet P, Chiapusio G. Challenges in tracing the fate and effects of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon deposition in vascular plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3967-3981. [PMID: 23560697 DOI: 10.1021/es304964b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants that raise environmental concerns because of their toxicity. Their accumulation in vascular plants conditions harmful consequences to human health because of their position in the food chain. Consequently, understanding how atmospheric PAHs are taken up in plant tissues is crucial for risk assessment. In this review we synthesize current knowledge about PAH atmospheric deposition, accumulation in both gymnosperms and angiosperms, mechanisms of transfer, and ecological and physiological effects. PAHs emitted in the atmosphere partition between gas and particulate phases and undergo atmospheric deposition on shoots and soil. Most PAH concentration data from vascular plant leaves suggest that contamination occurs by both direct (air-leaf) and indirect (air-soil-root) pathways. Experimental studies demonstrate that PAHs affect plant growth, interfering with plant carbon allocation and root symbioses. Photosynthesis remains the most studied physiological process affected by PAHs. Among scientific challenges, identifying specific physiological transfer mechanisms and improving the understanding of plant-symbiont interactions in relation to PAH pollution remain pivotal for both fundamental and applied environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine Desalme
- UMR CNRS-UFC 6249 ChronoEnvironnement, Université de Franche Comté BP 71427, 25 211 Montbéliard, France
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Doncheva S, Moustakas M, Ananieva K, Chavdarova M, Gesheva E, Vassilevska R, Mateev P. Plant response to lead in the presence or absence EDTA in two sunflower genotypes (cultivated H. annuus cv. 1114 and interspecific line H. annuus × H. argophyllus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:823-833. [PMID: 23135752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the response of two sunflower genotypes (cultivated sunflower Helianthus annuus cv. 1114 and newly developed genotype H. annuus × Helianthus argophyllus) to Pb medium-term stress and the role of exogenously applied EDTA in alleviating Pb toxicity in hydroponics. Plant growth, morpho-anatomical characteristics of the leaf tissues, electrolyte leakage, total antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging capacity, total flavonoid content, and superoxide dismutase isoenzyme profile were studied by conventional methods. Differential responses of both genotypes to Pb supplied in the nutrient solution were recorded. Pb treatment induced a decrease in the relative growth rate, disturbance of plasma membrane integrity, and changes in the morpho-anatomical characteristics of the leaf tissues and in the antioxidant capacity, which were more pronounced in the cultivated sunflower H. annuus cv. 1114. The new genotype demonstrated higher tolerance to Pb when compared with the cultivar. This was mainly due to increased photosynthetically active area, maintenance of plasma membrane integrity, permanently high total antioxidant activity, and free radical scavenging capacity as well as total flavonoid content. The addition of EDTA into the nutrient solution led to limitation of the negative impact of Pb ions on the above parameters in both genotypes. This could be related to the reduced content of Pb in the roots, stems, and leaves, suggesting that the presence of EDTA limited the uptake of Pb. The comparative analysis of the responses to Pb treatment showed that the deleterious effect of Pb was more pronounced in the cultivated sunflower H. annuus cv. 1114. The new genotype H. annuus × H. argophyllus was more productive and demonstrated higher tolerance to Pb medium-term stress, which could indicate that it may possess certain mechanisms to tolerate high Pb concentrations. This character could be inherited from the wild parent used in the interspecific hybridization. The ability of EDTA to prevent Pb absorption by the plants could underly the mechanism of limiting of the negative impact of Pb ions. Hence, EDTA cannot be used to enhance Pb absorption from nutrient solution by sunflower plants for phytoremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezhana Doncheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str, bl 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Xu S, Guerra D, Lee U, Vierling E. S-nitrosoglutathione reductases are low-copy number, cysteine-rich proteins in plants that control multiple developmental and defense responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:430. [PMID: 24204370 PMCID: PMC3817919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is believed to modulate effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species through catabolism of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). We combined bioinformatics of plant GSNOR genes, localization of GSNOR in Arabidopsis thaliana, and microarray analysis of a GSNOR null mutant to gain insights into the function and regulation of this critical enzyme in nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis. GSNOR-encoding genes are known to have high homology across diverse eukaryotic taxa, but contributions of specific conserved residues have not been assessed. With bioinformatics and structural modeling, we show that plant GSNORs likely localize to the cytosol, contain conserved, solvent-accessible cysteines, and tend to be encoded by a single gene. Arabidopsis thaliana homozygous for GSNOR loss-of-function alleles exhibited defects in stem and trichome branching, and complementation with Green fluorescent protein (GFP) -tagged GSNOR under control of the native promoter quantitatively rescued these phenotypes. GSNOR-GFP showed fluorescence throughout Arabidopsis seedlings, consistent with ubiquitous expression of the protein, but with especially high fluorescence in the root tip, apical meristem, and flowers. At the cellular level we observed cytosolic and nuclear fluorescence, with exclusion from the nucleolus. Microarray analysis identified 99 up- and 170 down-regulated genes (≥2-fold; p ≤ 0.01) in a GSNOR null mutant compared to wild type. Six members of the plant specific, ROXY glutaredoxins and three BHLH transcription factors involved in iron homeostasis were strongly upregulated, supporting a role for GSNOR in redox and iron metabolism. One third of downregulated genes are linked to pathogen resistance, providing further basis for the reported pathogen sensitivity of GSNOR null mutants. Together, these findings indicate GSNOR regulates multiple developmental and metabolic programs in plants and offer insight into putative routes of post-translational GSNOR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Damian Guerra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Ung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth Vierling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth Vierling, Life Science Laboratories, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA e-mail:
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