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Xiao W, Chen C, Xia S, Li Z, Ding T, Zhou J, Fang L, Fang P, Xiao S. Cell-surface d-glucuronyl C5-epimerase binds to porcine deltacoronavirus spike protein facilitating viral entry. J Virol 2024:e0088024. [PMID: 39078176 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00880-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteric coronavirus with zoonotic potential. The coronavirus spike (S) glycoprotein, especially the S1 subunit, mediates viral entry by binding to cellular receptors. However, the functional receptor of PDCoV remains poorly understood. In this study, we used the soluble PDCoV S1 protein as bait to capture the S1-binding cellular transmembrane proteins in combined immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses. A single guide RNA screen identified d-glucuronyl C5-epimerase (GLCE), a heparan sulfate-modifying enzyme, as a proviral host factor for PDCoV infection. GLCE knockout significantly inhibited the attachment and internalization stages of PDCoV infection. We also demonstrated the interaction between GLCE and PDCoV S with coimmunoprecipitation in both an overexpression system and PDCoV-infected cells. GLCE could be localized to the cell membrane, and an anti-GLCE antibody suppressed PDCoV infection. Although GLCE expression alone did not render nonpermissive cells susceptible to PDCoV infection, GLCE promoted the binding of PDCoV S to porcine amino peptidase N (pAPN), acting synergistically with pAPN to enhance PDCoV infection. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that GLCE is a novel cell-surface factor facilitating PDCoV entry and provide new insights into PDCoV infection. IMPORTANCE The identification of viral receptors is of great significance, potentially extending our understanding of viral infection and pathogenesis. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus with the potential for cross-species transmission. However, the receptors or coreceptors of PDCoV are still poorly understood. The present study confirms that d-glucuronyl C5-epimerase (GLCE) is a positive regulator of PDCoV infection, promoting viral attachment and internalization. The anti-GLCE antibody suppressed PDCoV infection. Mechanically, GLCE interacts with PDCoV S and promotes the binding of PDCoV S to porcine amino peptidase N (pAPN), acting synergistically with pAPN to enhance PDCoV infection. This work identifies GLCE as a novel cell-surface factor facilitating PDCoV entry and paves the way for further insights into the mechanisms of PDCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Sijin Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Puxian Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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Borowczak J, Gąsiorek-Kwiatkowska A, Szczerbowski K, Maniewski M, Zdrenka M, Szadurska-Noga M, Gostomczyk K, Rutkiewicz P, Olejnik K, Cnota W, Karpów-Greiner M, Knypiński W, Sekielska-Domanowska M, Ludwikowski G, Dubiel M, Szylberg Ł, Bodnar M. SARS-CoV-2 Infection during Delivery Causes Histopathological Changes in the Placenta. Diseases 2024; 12:142. [PMID: 39057113 PMCID: PMC11276080 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12070142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 can damage human placentas, leading to pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and premature birth. This study investigates the histopathological changes found in COVID-19-affected placentas. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 23 placentas from patients with active COVID-19 during delivery and 22 samples from patients without COVID-19 infection in their medical history. The samples underwent histopathological examination for pathology, such as trophoblast necrosis, signs of vessel damage, or fetal vascular malperfusion. RESULTS Newborns from the research group have lower weights and Apgar scores than healthy newborns. In the COVID-19 group, calcifications and collapsed intervillous space were more frequent, and inflammation was more severe than in the healthy group. At the same time, the placenta of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients showed signs of accelerated vascular maturation. Trophoblast necrosis was found only in the placentas of the research group. The expression of CD68+ was elevated in the COVID-19 cohort, suggesting that macrophages constituted a significant part of the inflammatory infiltrate. The increase in lymphocyte B markers was associated with placental infarctions, while high levels of CD3+, specific for cytotoxic T lymphocytes, correlated with vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 is associated with pathological changes in the placenta, including trophoblast necrosis, calcification, and accelerated villous maturation. Those changes appear to be driven by T cells and macrophages, whose increased expression reflects ongoing histiocytic intervillositis in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Gąsiorek-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland (M.K.-G.); (W.K.); (M.S.-D.); (M.D.)
| | - Krzysztof Szczerbowski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.G.)
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.G.)
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Zdrenka
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.G.)
| | - Marta Szadurska-Noga
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Karol Gostomczyk
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland (M.K.-G.); (W.K.); (M.S.-D.); (M.D.)
| | - Paula Rutkiewicz
- Chair of Pathology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.O.)
| | - Katarzyna Olejnik
- Chair of Pathology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.O.)
| | - Wojciech Cnota
- Chair and Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 41-703 Ruda Śląska, Poland
| | - Magdalena Karpów-Greiner
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland (M.K.-G.); (W.K.); (M.S.-D.); (M.D.)
| | - Wojciech Knypiński
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland (M.K.-G.); (W.K.); (M.S.-D.); (M.D.)
| | - Marta Sekielska-Domanowska
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland (M.K.-G.); (W.K.); (M.S.-D.); (M.D.)
| | - Grzegorz Ludwikowski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland (M.K.-G.); (W.K.); (M.S.-D.); (M.D.)
| | - Mariusz Dubiel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland (M.K.-G.); (W.K.); (M.S.-D.); (M.D.)
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland (M.K.-G.); (W.K.); (M.S.-D.); (M.D.)
- Chair of Pathology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.O.)
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland (M.K.-G.); (W.K.); (M.S.-D.); (M.D.)
- Chair of Pathology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland (K.O.)
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Debuysschere C, Nekoua MP, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-01004-9. [PMID: 38890459 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Environmental factors, in particular viral infections, are thought to have an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The COVID-19 pandemic reinforced this hypothesis as many observational studies and meta-analyses reported a notable increase in the incidence of T1DM following infection with SARS-CoV-2 as well as an association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of new-onset T1DM. Experimental evidence suggests that human β-cells express SARS-CoV-2 receptors and that SARS-CoV-2 can infect and replicate in β-cells, resulting in structural or functional alterations of these cells. These alterations include reduced numbers of insulin-secreting granules, impaired pro-insulin (or insulin) secretion, and β-cell transdifferentiation or dedifferentiation. The inflammatory environment induced by local or systemic SARS-CoV-2 infection might result in a set of signals (such as pro-inflammatory cytokines) that lead to β-cell alteration or apoptosis or to a bystander activation of T cells and disruption of peripheral tolerance that triggers autoimmunity. Other mechanisms, such as viral persistence, molecular mimicry and activation of endogenous human retroviruses, are also likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of T1DM following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This Review addresses the issue of the involvement of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the development of T1DM using evidence from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Debuysschere
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de virologie ULR3610, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Didier Hober
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de virologie ULR3610, Lille, France.
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4
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Lu RXZ, Zhao Y, Radisic M. The emerging role of heart-on-a-chip systems in delineating mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiac dysfunction. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10581. [PMID: 38818123 PMCID: PMC11135153 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a major global health concern since its emergence in 2019, with over 680 million confirmed cases as of April 2023. While COVID-19 has been strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular complications, the specific mechanisms by which viral infection induces myocardial dysfunction remain largely controversial as studies have shown that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 can lead to heart failure both directly, by causing damage to the heart cells, and indirectly, by triggering an inflammatory response throughout the body. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of potential mechanisms that drive heart failure based on in vitro studies. We also discuss the significance of three-dimensional heart-on-a-chip technology in the context of the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto General Hospital Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto General Hospital Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Terence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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5
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Yu L, Liu X, Wei X, Ren J, Wang X, Wu S, Lan K. C1QTNF5 is a novel attachment factor that facilitates the entry of influenza A virus. Virol Sin 2024; 39:277-289. [PMID: 38246238 PMCID: PMC11074642 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) binds sialic acid receptors on the cell surface to enter the host cells, which is the key step in initiating infection, transmission and pathogenesis. Understanding the factors that contribute to the highly efficient entry of IAV into human cells will help elucidate the mechanism of viral entry and pathogenicity, and provide new targets for intervention. In the present study, we reported a novel membrane protein, C1QTNF5, which binds to the hemagglutinin protein of IAV and promotes IAV infection in vitro and in vivo. We found that the HA1 region of IAV hemagglutinin is critical for the interaction with C1QTNF5 protein, and C1QTNF5 interacts with hemagglutinin mainly through its N-terminus (1-103 aa). In addition, we further demonstrated that overexpression of C1QTNF5 promotes IAV entry, while blocking the interaction between C1QTNF5 and IAV hemagglutinin greatly inhibits viral entry. However, C1QTNF5 does not function as a receptor to mediate IAV infection in sialic acid-deficient CHO-Lec2 cells, but promotes IAV to attach to these cells, suggesting that C1QTNF5 is an important attachment factor for IAV. This work reveals C1QTNF5 as a novel IAV attachment factor and provides a new perspective for antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xinjin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Junrui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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6
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Greene C, Connolly R, Brennan D, Laffan A, O'Keeffe E, Zaporojan L, O'Callaghan J, Thomson B, Connolly E, Argue R, Meaney JFM, Martin-Loeches I, Long A, Cheallaigh CN, Conlon N, Doherty CP, Campbell M. Blood-brain barrier disruption and sustained systemic inflammation in individuals with long COVID-associated cognitive impairment. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:421-432. [PMID: 38388736 PMCID: PMC10917679 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Vascular disruption has been implicated in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and may predispose to the neurological sequelae associated with long COVID, yet it is unclear how blood-brain barrier (BBB) function is affected in these conditions. Here we show that BBB disruption is evident during acute infection and in patients with long COVID with cognitive impairment, commonly referred to as brain fog. Using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, we show BBB disruption in patients with long COVID-associated brain fog. Transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed dysregulation of the coagulation system and a dampened adaptive immune response in individuals with brain fog. Accordingly, peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed increased adhesion to human brain endothelial cells in vitro, while exposure of brain endothelial cells to serum from patients with long COVID induced expression of inflammatory markers. Together, our data suggest that sustained systemic inflammation and persistent localized BBB dysfunction is a key feature of long COVID-associated brain fog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Greene
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ruairi Connolly
- Department of Neurology, Health Care Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Declan Brennan
- Department of Neurology, Health Care Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Laffan
- Department of Neurology, Health Care Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin O'Keeffe
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lilia Zaporojan
- Department of Neurology, Health Care Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Bennett Thomson
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Connolly
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ruth Argue
- Clinical Research Facility, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James F M Meaney
- Thomas Mitchell Centre for Advanced Medical Imaging (CAMI), St. James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aideen Long
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona Ni Cheallaigh
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Immunology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niall Conlon
- Department of Immunology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- St James's Hospital, Tallaght University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin Allied Researchers (STTAR) Bioresource, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin P Doherty
- Department of Neurology, Health Care Centre, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
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7
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Tabatabaee A, Nafari B, Farhang A, Hariri A, Khosravi A, Zarrabi A, Mirian M. Targeting vimentin: a multifaceted approach to combatting cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:363-377. [PMID: 38012357 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores vimentin as a pivotal therapeutic target in cancer treatment, with a primary focus on mitigating metastasis and overcoming drug resistance. Vimentin, a key player in cancer progression, is intricately involved in processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and resistance mechanisms to standard cancer therapies. The review delves into diverse vimentin inhibition strategies. Precision tools, including antibodies and nanobodies, selectively neutralize vimentin's pro-tumorigenic effects. DNA and RNA aptamers disrupt vimentin-associated signaling pathways through their adaptable binding properties. Innovative approaches, such as vimentin-targeted vaccines and microRNAs (miRNAs), harness the immune system and post-transcriptional regulation to combat vimentin-expressing cancer cells. By dissecting vimentin inhibition strategies across these categories, this review provides a comprehensive overview of anti-vimentin therapeutics in cancer treatment. It underscores the growing recognition of vimentin as a pivotal therapeutic target in cancer and presents a diverse array of inhibitors, including antibodies, nanobodies, DNA and RNA aptamers, vaccines, and miRNAs. These multifaceted approaches hold substantial promise for tackling metastasis and overcoming drug resistance, collectively presenting new avenues for enhanced cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Tabatabaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Behjat Nafari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Armin Farhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Amirali Hariri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, 34959, Türkiye
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Türkiye.
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran.
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8
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Suprewicz Ł, Zakrzewska M, Okła S, Głuszek K, Sadzyńska A, Deptuła P, Fiedoruk K, Bucki R. Extracellular vimentin as a modulator of the immune response and an important player during infectious diseases. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:167-178. [PMID: 38211939 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Vimentin, an intermediate filament protein primarily recognized for its intracellular role in maintaining cellular structure, has recently garnered increased attention and emerged as a pivotal extracellular player in immune regulation and host-pathogen interactions. While the functions of extracellular vimentin were initially overshadowed by its cytoskeletal role, accumulating evidence now highlights its significance in diverse physiological and pathological events. This review explores the multifaceted role of extracellular vimentin in modulating immune responses and orchestrating interactions between host cells and pathogens. It delves into the mechanisms underlying vimentin's release into the extracellular milieu, elucidating its unconventional secretion pathways and identifying critical molecular triggers. In addition, the future perspectives of using extracellular vimentin in diagnostics and as a target protein in the treatment of diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Suprewicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Okła
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Głuszek
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Alicja Sadzyńska
- State Higher Vocational School of Prof. Edward F. Szczepanik in Suwałki, Suwałki, Poland
| | - Piotr Deptuła
- Independent Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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9
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Lui KO, Ma Z, Dimmeler S. SARS-CoV-2 induced vascular endothelial dysfunction: direct or indirect effects? Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:34-43. [PMID: 38159046 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence reveals that manifestations of endothelial dysfunction are widely observed in COVID-19 and long-COVID patients. However, whether these detrimental effects are caused by direct infection of the endothelium or are indirectly mediated by systemic inflammation has been a matter of debate. It has been well acknowledged that endothelial cells (ECs) of the cardiovascular system ubiquitously express the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), yet accumulating evidence suggests that it is more predominantly expressed by pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells of the mammalian blood vessel. Besides, replicative infection of ECs by SARS-CoV-2 has yet to be demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we review latest research on endothelial ACE2 expression in different vascular beds, and the heterogeneity in various EC subsets with differential ACE2 expression in response to SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss ACE2-independent alternative mechanisms underlying endothelial activation in COVID-19, and the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2-induced endothelial dysfunction. Altogether, understanding ACE2-dependent and ACE2-independent mechanisms driving SARS-CoV-2-induced vascular dysfunction would shed light on strategies of more effective therapies targeting cardiovascular complications associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, New Territories, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhangjing Ma
- Department of Chemical Pathology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, New Territories, 999077 Hong Kong, China
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, and Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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10
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Lam FW, Brown CA, Ronca SE. Recombinant Rod Domain of Vimentin Reduces SARS-CoV-2 Viral Replication by Blocking Spike Protein-ACE2 Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2477. [PMID: 38473724 PMCID: PMC10931652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is the primary preventive intervention, there are still few antiviral therapies available, with current drugs decreasing viral replication once the virus is intracellular. Adding novel drugs to target additional points in the viral life cycle is paramount in preventing future pandemics. The purpose of this study was to create and test a novel protein to decrease SARS-CoV-2 replication. We created the recombinant rod domain of vimentin (rhRod) in E. coli and used biolayer interferometry to measure its affinity to the SARS-CoV-2 S1S2 spike protein and the ability to block the SARS-CoV-2-ACE2 interaction. We performed plaque assays to measure rhRod's effect on SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells. Finally, we measured lung inflammation in SARS-CoV-2-exposed K18-hACE transgenic mice given intranasal and intraperitoneal rhRod. We found that rhRod has a high affinity for the S1S2 protein with a strong ability to block S1S2-ACE2 interactions. The daily addition of rhRod decreased viral replication in Vero E6 cells starting at 48 h at concentrations >1 µM. Finally, SARS-CoV-2-infected mice receiving rhRod had decreased lung inflammation compared to mock-treated animals. Based on our data, rhRod decreases SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro and lung inflammation in vivo. Future studies will need to evaluate the protective effects of rhRod against additional viral variants and identify the optimal dosing scheme that both prevents viral replication and host lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong Wilson Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA (S.E.R.)
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cameron August Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA (S.E.R.)
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shannon Elizabeth Ronca
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA (S.E.R.)
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Ellis S, Way R, Nel M, Burleigh A, Doykov I, Kembou-Ringert J, Woodall M, Masonou T, Case KM, Ortez AT, McHugh TD, Casal A, McCoy LE, Murdan S, Hynds RE, Gilmour KC, Grandjean L, Cortina-Borja M, Heywood WE, Mills K, Smith CM. Salivary IgA and vimentin differentiate in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection: A study of 290 convalescent COVID-19 patients. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:124-136. [PMID: 38007005 PMCID: PMC11139657 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 initially infects cells in the nasopharynx and oral cavity. The immune system at these mucosal sites plays a crucial role in minimizing viral transmission and infection. To develop new strategies for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, this study aimed to identify proteins that protect against viral infection in saliva. We collected 551 saliva samples from 290 healthcare workers who had tested positive for COVID-19, before vaccination, between June and December 2020. The samples were categorized based on their ability to block or enhance infection using in vitro assays. Mass spectrometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments were used to identify and measure the abundance of proteins that specifically bind to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Immunoglobulin (Ig)A specific to SARS-CoV-2 antigens was detectable in over 83% of the convalescent saliva samples. We found that concentrations of anti-receptor-binding domain IgA >500 pg/µg total protein in saliva correlate with reduced viral infectivity in vitro. However, there is a dissociation between the salivary IgA response to SARS-CoV-2, and systemic IgG titers in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Then, using an innovative technique known as spike-baited mass spectrometry, we identified novel spike-binding proteins in saliva, most notably vimentin, which correlated with increased viral infectivity in vitro and could serve as a therapeutic target against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ellis
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rosie Way
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Miranda Nel
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alice Burleigh
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ivan Doykov
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | - Tereza Masonou
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | - Timothy D McHugh
- UCL Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Antonio Casal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert E Hynds
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research (EpiCENTR) Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kimberly C Gilmour
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Louis Grandjean
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Wendy E Heywood
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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12
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Chatterjee S, Zaia J. Proteomics-based mass spectrometry profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection from human nasopharyngeal samples. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:193-229. [PMID: 36177493 PMCID: PMC9538640 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the on-going global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that continues to pose a significant threat to public health worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 encodes four structural proteins namely membrane, nucleocapsid, spike, and envelope proteins that play essential roles in viral entry, fusion, and attachment to the host cell. Extensively glycosylated spike protein efficiently binds to the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 initiating viral entry and pathogenesis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swab is the preferred method of sample collection and viral detection because it is a rapid, specific, and high-throughput technique. Alternate strategies such as proteomics and glycoproteomics-based mass spectrometry enable a more detailed and holistic view of the viral proteins and host-pathogen interactions and help in detection of potential disease markers. In this review, we highlight the use of mass spectrometry methods to profile the SARS-CoV-2 proteome from clinical nasopharyngeal swab samples. We also highlight the necessity for a comprehensive glycoproteomics mapping of SARS-CoV-2 from biological complex matrices to identify potential COVID-19 markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass SpectrometryBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedical Mass SpectrometryBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Bioinformatics ProgramBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
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13
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Poma AM, Basolo A, Alì G, Bonuccelli D, Di Stefano I, Conti M, Mazzetti P, Sparavelli R, Vignali P, Macerola E, Pistello M, Santini F, Basolo F, Toniolo A. SARS-CoV-2 spread to endocrine organs is associated with obesity: an autopsy study of COVID-19 cases. Endocrine 2024; 83:110-117. [PMID: 37698811 PMCID: PMC10806201 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE SARS-CoV-2 infection may be limited to the respiratory tract or may spread to multiple organs. Besides disease severity, factors associated with virus spread within the host are elusive. Here, we tried to identify features associated with SARS-CoV-2 spread to endocrine organs. METHODS In a retrospective autoptic cohort of 51 subjects who died because of COVID-19, we analyzed the severity and type of lung pathology, patients' features and the detection of virus in thyroid, testis, adrenal gland, pancreas, anterior pituitary, and the white adipose tissue (WAT). RESULTS The SARS-CoV-2 genome was detected in endocrine organs of 30/51 cases. The anterior pituitary and WAT were most frequently positive for virus. While pathological features of lung were not associated with the presence of virus in endocrine organs, obesity (BMI > 30) was significantly associated to virus detection in pancreas (p = 0.01) and thyroid (p = 0.04). WAT infection was detected more frequently in males (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION In subject with obesity dying of COVID-19, the virus frequently spreads to endocrine organs. The findings emphasize the need for optimal treatment of patients with obesity at the very onset of COVID-19. Since post-COVID conditions remain a major issue worldwide, a rigorous follow-up of endocrine function-especially of thyroid and pancreas-is advocated in subjects with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anello Marcello Poma
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Basolo
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Greta Alì
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diana Bonuccelli
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Azienda USL Toscana Nordovest, Lucca, Italy
| | - Iosè Di Stefano
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Conti
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Azienda USL Toscana Nordovest, Lucca, Italy
| | - Paola Mazzetti
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Sparavelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Vignali
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Macerola
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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14
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Hao P, Qu Q, Pang Z, Li L, Du S, Shang L, Jin C, Xu W, Ha Z, Jiang Y, Chen J, Gao Z, Jin N, Wang J, Li C. Interaction of species A rotavirus VP4 with the cellular proteins vimentin and actin related protein 2 discovered by a proximity interactome assay. J Virol 2023; 97:e0137623. [PMID: 37991368 PMCID: PMC10734455 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01376-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Rotavirus (RV) is an important zoonosis virus, which can cause severe diarrhea and extra-intestinal infection. To date, some proteins or carbohydrates have been shown to participate in the attachment or internalization of RV, including HGBAs, Hsc70, and integrins. This study attempted to indicate whether there were other proteins that would participate in the entry of RV; thus, the RV VP4-interacting proteins were identified by proximity labeling. After analysis and verification, it was found that VIM and ACTR2 could significantly promote the proliferation of RV in intestinal cells. Through further viral binding assays after knockdown, antibody blocking, and recombinant protein overexpression, it was revealed that both VIM and ACTR2 could promote RV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Qu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaoxia Pang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Letian Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shouwen Du
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Limin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Chaozhi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Ha
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zihan Gao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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15
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Pham TX, Huynh TTX, Kim B, Lim YS, Hwang SB. A natural product YSK-A blocks SARS-CoV-2 propagation by targeting multiple host genes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21489. [PMID: 38057373 PMCID: PMC10700534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products and herbal medicine have been widely used in drug discovery for treating infectious diseases. Recent outbreak of COVID-19 requires various therapeutic strategies. Here, we used YSK-A, a mixture of three herbal components Boswellia serrata, Commiphora myrrha, and propolis, to evaluate potential antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. We showed that YSK-A inhibited SARS-CoV-2 propagation with an IC50 values of 12.5 µg/ml and 15.42 µg/ml in Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells, respectively. Using transcriptome analysis, we further demonstrated that YSK-A modulated various host gene expressions in Calu-3 cells. Among these, we selected 9 antiviral- or immune-related host genes for further study. By siRNA-mediated knockdown experiment, we verified that MUC5AC, LIF, CEACAM1, and GDF15 host genes were involved in antiviral activity of YSK-A. Therefore, silencing of these genes nullified YSK-A-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 propagation. These data indicate that YSK-A displays an anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by targeting multiple antiviral genes. Although the exact antiviral mechanism of each constituent has not been verified yet, our data indicate that YSK-A has an immunomodulatory effect on SARS-CoV-2 and thus it may represent a novel natural product-derived therapeutic agent for treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy X Pham
- Laboratory of RNA Viral Diseases, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, 54531, South Korea
| | - Trang T X Huynh
- Laboratory of RNA Viral Diseases, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, 54531, South Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yun-Sook Lim
- Laboratory of RNA Viral Diseases, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, 54531, South Korea.
| | - Soon B Hwang
- Laboratory of RNA Viral Diseases, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-Ro, Iksan, 54531, South Korea.
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea.
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16
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Parvanian S, Coelho-Rato LS, Patteson AE, Eriksson JE. Vimentin takes a hike - Emerging roles of extracellular vimentin in cancer and wound healing. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102246. [PMID: 37783033 PMCID: PMC11214764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin is a cytoskeletal protein important for many cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, stress resistance, signaling, and many more. The vimentin-deficient mouse has revealed many of these functions as it has numerous severe phenotypes, many of which are found only following a suitable challenge or stress. While these functions are usually related to vimentin as a major intracellular protein, vimentin is also emerging as an extracellular protein, exposed at the cell surface in an oligomeric form or secreted to the extracellular environment in soluble and vesicle-bound forms. Thus, this review explores the roles of the extracellular pool of vimentin (eVIM), identified in both normal and pathological states. It focuses specifically on the recent advances regarding the role of eVIM in wound healing and cancer. Finally, it discusses new technologies and future perspectives for the clinical application of eVIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Parvanian
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Leila S Coelho-Rato
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - John E Eriksson
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; Euro-Bioimaging ERIC, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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17
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Thalla DG, Lautenschläger F. Extracellular vimentin: Battle between the devil and the angel. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102265. [PMID: 37866018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin, an intracellular cytoskeletal protein, can be secreted by various cells in response to conditions such as injury, stress, senescence, and cancer. Once vimentin is secreted outside of the cell, it is called extracellular vimentin. This extracellular vimentin is significantly involved in pathological conditions, particularly in the areas of viral infection, cancer, immune response, and wound healing. The effects of extracellular vimentin can be either positive or negative, for example it can enhance axonal repair but also mediates SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we categorize the functional implications of extracellular vimentin based on its localization outside the cell. Specifically, we classify extracellular vimentin into two distinct forms: surface vimentin, which remains bound to the cell surface, and secreted vimentin, which refers to the free form that is completely released outside the cell. Overall, extracellular vimentin has a dual nature that encompasses both beneficial and detrimental effects on the functionality of cells, organs and whole organisms. Here, we summarize its effects in viral infection, cancer, immune response and wound healing. We find that surface vimentin is often associated with negative consequences, whereas secreted vimentin manifests predominantly with positive influences. We found that the observed effects of extracellular vimentin strongly depend on the specific circumstances under which its expression occurs in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Centre for Biophysics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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18
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Rahimi N, White MR, Amraei R, Lotfollahzadeh S, Xia C, Michalak M, Costello CE, Mühlberger E. Calreticulin Regulates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Turnover and Modulates SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity. Cells 2023; 12:2694. [PMID: 38067122 PMCID: PMC10705507 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are major clinical hallmarks of acute and post-acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the mechanistic details of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity of endothelial cells remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein shares a similarity with the proline-rich binding ena/VASP homology (EVH1) domain and identified the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident calreticulin (CALR) as an S-RBD interacting protein. Our biochemical analysis showed that CALR, via its proline-rich (P) domain, interacts with S-RBD and modulates proteostasis of the S protein. Treatment of cells with the proteasomal inhibitor bortezomib increased the expression of the S protein independent of CALR, whereas the lysosomal/autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin 1A, which interferes with the acidification of lysosome, selectively augmented the S protein levels in a CALR-dependent manner. More importantly, the shRNA-mediated knockdown of CALR increased SARS-CoV-2 infection and impaired calcium homeostasis of human endothelial cells. This study provides new insight into the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, calcium hemostasis, and the role of CALR in the ER-lysosome-dependent proteolysis of the spike protein, which could be associated with cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Mitchell R. White
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (M.R.W.); (E.M.)
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Razie Amraei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Saran Lotfollahzadeh
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Chaoshuang Xia
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.X.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada;
| | - Catherine E. Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.X.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (M.R.W.); (E.M.)
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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19
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Datta S, Chen DY, Tavares AH, Reyes-Robles T, Ryu KA, Khan N, Bechtel TJ, Bertoch JM, White CH, Hazuda DJ, Vora KA, Hett EC, Fadeyi OO, Oslund RC, Emili A, Saeed M. High-resolution photocatalytic mapping of SARS-CoV-2 spike interactions on the cell surface. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1313-1322.e7. [PMID: 37499664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Identifying virus-host interactions on the cell surface can improve our understanding of viral entry and pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease, uses ACE2 as a receptor to enter cells. Yet the full repertoire of cell surface proteins that contribute to viral entry is unknown. We developed a photocatalyst-based viral-host protein microenvironment mapping platform (ViraMap) to probe the molecular neighborhood of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on the human cell surface. Application of ViraMap to ACE2-expressing cells captured ACE2, the established co-receptor NRP1, and several novel cell surface proteins. We systematically analyzed the relevance of these candidate proteins to SARS-CoV-2 entry by knockdown and overexpression approaches in pseudovirus and authentic infection models and identified PTGFRN and EFNB1 as bona fide viral entry factors. Our results highlight additional host targets that participate in SARS-CoV-2 infection and showcase ViraMap as a powerful platform for defining viral interactions on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprama Datta
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Da-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alexander H Tavares
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tamara Reyes-Robles
- Merck Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Keun Ah Ryu
- Merck Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Nazimuddin Khan
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tyler J Bechtel
- Merck Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Jayde M Bertoch
- Merck Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Cory H White
- Merck Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Daria J Hazuda
- Merck Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Kalpit A Vora
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Research, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Erik C Hett
- Merck Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | | | - Rob C Oslund
- Merck Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA.
| | - Andrew Emili
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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20
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Ogut MG, Ma P, Gupta R, Hoerner CR, Fan AC, El-Kaffas AN, Durmus NG. Automated Image Analysis for Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells and Clusters Sorted by Magnetic Levitation. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300109. [PMID: 37462226 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic levitation-based sorting technologies have revolutionized the detection and isolation of rare cells, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs). Manual counting and quantification of these cells are prone to time-consuming processes, human error, and inter-observer variability, particularly challenging when heterogeneous cell types in 3D clusters are present. To overcome these challenges, we developed "Fastcount," an in-house MATLAB-based algorithm for precise, automated quantification and phenotypic characterization of CTCs and CTCCs, in both 2D and 3D. Fastcount is 120 times faster than manual counting and produces reliable results with a ±7.3% deviation compared to a trained laboratory technician. By analyzing 400 GB of fluorescence imaging data, we showed that Fastcount outperforms manual counting and commercial software when cells are aggregated in 3D or staining artifacts are present, delivering more accurate results. We further employed Fastcount for automated analysis of 3D image stacks obtained from CTCCs isolated from colorectal adenocarcinoma and renal cell carcinoma blood samples. Interestingly, we observed a highly heterogeneous spatial cellular composition within CTCCs, even among clusters from the same patient. Overall, Fastcount can be employed for various applications with lab-chip devices, such as CTC detection, CTCC analysis in 3D and cell detection in biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Giray Ogut
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peng Ma
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Rakhi Gupta
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Christian R Hoerner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alice C Fan
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ahmed Nagy El-Kaffas
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Naside Gozde Durmus
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
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21
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Qin G, Yu X, Zhao Y, Li X, Yu B, Peng H, Yang D. NLRP9 involved in antiviral innate immunity via binding VIM in IPEC-J2 cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104895. [PMID: 37473827 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors with a pyrin domain (PYD)-containing protein 9 (NLRP9) was the first nucleotide-binding region receptor (NLR) proposed to be expressed and function only in the reproductive system. Recent evidence suggests that NLRP9 is also capable of playing a role in infectious and inflammatory diseases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In this study, we examined the expression of NLRP9 in various tissues of piglets and IPEC-J2 cells. The results showed that high expression of NLRP9 mRNA and protein were detected in both intestine of piglets and IPEC-J2 cells. Both LPS and poly I:C significantly up-regulated NLRP9 protein levels in the IPEC-J2 cells. Besides, poly I:C upregulated the level of transcriptional elements NF-κB, IRF3, IRF7, ISG15, ISG56, OAS1, and IFNB1. Furthermore, interference with the NLRP9 gene in the presence of poly I:C strongly downregulated the expression of all the above genes. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that NLRP9 acts in combination with VIM (Vimentin). These results suggested that NLRP9 may participate in the antiviral innate immune by binding to VIM in the porcine intestine. The findings provide preliminary insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of mucosal immunity in the porcine intestine by NLRP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Qin
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, 570228, PR China; College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Xiang Yu
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Yuanjie Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Beibei Yu
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Hui Peng
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Diqi Yang
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
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22
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Nguyen H, Nguyen HL, Lan PD, Thai NQ, Sikora M, Li MS. Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with host cells and antibodies: experiment and simulation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6497-6553. [PMID: 37650302 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the devastating global COVID-19 pandemic announced by WHO in March 2020. Through unprecedented scientific effort, several vaccines, drugs and antibodies have been developed, saving millions of lives, but the fight against COVID-19 continues as immune escape variants of concern such as Delta and Omicron emerge. To develop more effective treatments and to elucidate the side effects caused by vaccines and therapeutic agents, a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with them and human cells is required. With special interest in computational approaches, we will focus on the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and the interaction of its spike protein with human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) as a prime entry point of the virus into host cells. In addition, other possible viral receptors will be considered. The fusion of viral and human membranes and the interaction of the spike protein with antibodies and nanobodies will be discussed, as well as the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on protein synthesis in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hoang Linh Nguyen
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Dang Lan
- Life Science Lab, Institute for Computational Science and Technology, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, 729110 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227, Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, 749000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quoc Thai
- Dong Thap University, 783 Pham Huu Lau Street, Ward 6, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | - Mateusz Sikora
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland.
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23
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Yang R, Peng W, Shi S, Peng X, Cai Q, Zhao Z, He B, Tu G, Yin W, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Liu F, Wang X, Xiao D, Tao Y. The NLRP11 Protein Bridges the Histone Lysine Acetyltransferase KAT7 to Acetylate Vimentin in the Early Stage of Lung Adenocarcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300971. [PMID: 37424170 PMCID: PMC10477884 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of vimentin is the core event in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Post-translational modifications have been widely reported to play crucial roles in imparting different properties and functions to vimentin. Here, a novel modification of vimentin, acetylated at Lys104 (vimentin-K104Ac) is identified, which is stable in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. Mechanistically, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 11 (NLRP11), a regulator of the inflammatory response, bind to vimentin and promote vimentin-K104Ac expression, which is highly expressed in the early stages of LUAD and frequently appears in vimentin-positive LUAD tissues. In addition, it is observed that an acetyltransferase, lysine acetyltransferase 7 (KAT7), which binds to NLRP11 and vimentin, directly mediates the acetylation of vimentin at Lys104 and that the cytoplasmic localization of KAT7 can be induced by NLRP11. Malignant promotion mediated by transfection with vimentin-K104Q is noticeably greater than that mediated by transfection with vimentin-WT. Further, suppressing the effects of NLRP11 and KAT7 on vimentin noticeably inhibited the malignant behavior of vimentin-positive LUAD in vivo and in vitro. In summary, these findings have established a relationship between inflammation and EMT, which is reflected via KAT7-mediated acetylation of vimentin at Lys104 dependent on NLRP11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Department of PathologyXiangya Hospital and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- NHC Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisCancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410078China
| | - Weilin Peng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancerthe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancerthe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Xiong Peng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancerthe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Qidong Cai
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancerthe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancerthe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Boxue He
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancerthe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Guangxu Tu
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancerthe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancerthe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Yichuan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310000China
| | - Fang Liu
- Clinic Nursing Teaching and Research SectionThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancerthe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of PathologyXiangya Hospital and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- NHC Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisCancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410078China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of PathologyXiangya Hospital and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- NHC Key Laboratory of CarcinogenesisCancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410078China
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precise Treatment of Lung Cancerthe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410011China
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24
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Sha A, Liu Y, Hao H. Current state-of-the-art and potential future therapeutic drugs against COVID-19. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1238027. [PMID: 37691829 PMCID: PMC10485263 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1238027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to endanger human health, and its therapeutic drugs are under intensive research and development. Identifying the efficacy and toxicity of drugs in animal models is helpful for further screening of effective medications, which is also a prerequisite for drugs to enter clinical trials. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) invades host cells mainly by the S protein on its surface. After the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome is injected into the cells, M protein will help assemble and release new viruses. RdRp is crucial for virus replication, assembly, and release of new virus particles. This review analyzes and discusses 26 anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs based on their mechanism of action, effectiveness and safety in different animal models. We propose five drugs to be the most promising to enter the next stage of clinical trial research, thus providing a reference for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailong Sha
- School of Teacher Education, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyan Hao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing, China
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25
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Bucki R, Iwamoto DV, Shi X, Kerr KE, Byfield FJ, Suprewicz Ł, Skłodowski K, Sutaria J, Misiak P, Wilczewska AZ, Ramachandran S, Wolfe A, Thanh MTH, Whalen E, Patteson AE, Janmey PA. Extracellular vimentin is sufficient to promote cell attachment, spreading, and motility by a mechanism involving N-acetyl glucosamine-containing structures. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104963. [PMID: 37356720 PMCID: PMC10392088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vimentin intermediate filaments form part of the cytoskeleton of mesenchymal cells, but under pathological conditions often associated with inflammation, vimentin filaments depolymerize as the result of phosphorylation or citrullination, and vimentin oligomers are secreted or released into the extracellular environment. In the extracellular space, vimentin can bind surfaces of cells and the extracellular matrix, and the interaction between extracellular vimentin and cells can trigger changes in cellular functions, such as activation of fibroblasts to a fibrotic phenotype. The mechanism by which extracellular vimentin binds external cell membranes and whether vimentin alone can act as an adhesive anchor for cells is largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that various cell types (normal and vimentin null fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and A549 lung carcinoma cells) attach to and spread on polyacrylamide hydrogel substrates covalently linked to vimentin. Using traction force microscopy and spheroid expansion assays, we characterize how different cell types respond to extracellular vimentin. Cell attachment to and spreading on vimentin-coated surfaces is inhibited by hyaluronic acid degrading enzymes, hyaluronic acid synthase inhibitors, soluble heparin or N-acetyl glucosamine, all of which are treatments that have little or no effect on the same cell types binding to collagen-coated hydrogels. These studies highlight the effectiveness of substrate-bound vimentin as a ligand for cells and suggest that carbohydrate structures, including the glycocalyx and glycosylated cell surface proteins that contain N-acetyl glucosamine, form a novel class of adhesion receptors for extracellular vimentin that can either directly support cell adhesion to a substrate or fine-tune the glycocalyx adhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bucki
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Daniel V Iwamoto
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuechen Shi
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine E Kerr
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fitzroy J Byfield
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Łukasz Suprewicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Karol Skłodowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Julian Sutaria
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paweł Misiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Aaron Wolfe
- Ichor Life Sciences, Inc, LaFayette, New York, USA; Lewis School of Health Sciences, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA
| | - Minh-Tri Ho Thanh
- Physics Department, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Eli Whalen
- Physics Department, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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26
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Uppal S, Postnikova O, Villasmil R, Rogozin IB, Bocharov AV, Eggerman TL, Poliakov E, Redmond TM. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) Is Involved in Internalization of Lentiviral Particles Pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Ocular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11860. [PMID: 37511618 PMCID: PMC10380832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present evidence that caveolae-mediated endocytosis using LDLR is the pathway for SARS-CoV-2 virus internalization in the ocular cell line ARPE-19. Firstly, we found that, while Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is expressed in these cells, blocking ACE2 by antibody treatment did not prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirions, nor did antibody blockade of extracellular vimentin and other cholesterol-rich lipid raft proteins. Next, we implicated the role of cholesterol homeostasis in infection by showing that incubating cells with different cyclodextrins and oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) inhibits pseudovirion infection of ARPE-19. However, the effect of 25-HC is likely not via cholesterol biosynthesis, as incubation with lovastatin did not appreciably affect infection. Additionally, is it not likely to be an agonistic effect of 25-HC on LXR receptors, as the LXR agonist GW3965 had no significant effect on infection of ARPE-19 cells at up to 5 μM GW3965. We probed the role of endocytic pathways but determined that clathrin-dependent and flotillin-dependent rafts were not involved. Furthermore, 20 µM chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), also had little effect. In contrast, anti-dynamin I/II antibodies blocked the entry of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirions, as did dynasore, a noncompetitive inhibitor of dynamin GTPase activity. Additionally, anti-caveolin-1 antibodies significantly blocked spike pseudotyped lentiviral infection of ARPE-19. However, nystatin, a classic inhibitor of caveolae-dependent endocytosis, did not affect infection while indomethacin inhibited only at 10 µM at the 48 h time point. Finally, we found that anti-LDLR antibodies block pseudovirion infection to a similar degree as anti-caveolin-1 and anti-dynamin I/II antibodies, while transfection with LDLR-specific siRNA led to a decrease in spike pseudotyped lentiviral infection, compared to scrambled control siRNAs. Thus, we conclude that SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirion infection in ARPE-19 cells is a dynamin-dependent process that is primarily mediated by LDLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Uppal
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell & Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Olga Postnikova
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell & Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rafael Villasmil
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Igor B Rogozin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | | | - Thomas L Eggerman
- Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eugenia Poliakov
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell & Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - T Michael Redmond
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell & Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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27
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Deptuła P, Fiedoruk K, Wasilewska M, Suprewicz Ł, Cieśluk M, Żeliszewska P, Oćwieja M, Adamczyk Z, Pogoda K, Bucki R. Physicochemical Nature of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding to Human Vimentin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37413693 PMCID: PMC10360031 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin, a protein that builds part of the cytoskeleton and is involved in many aspects of cellular function, was recently identified as a cell surface attachment site for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The present study investigated the physicochemical nature of the binding between the SARS-CoV-2 S1 glycoprotein receptor binding domain (S1 RBD) and human vimentin using atomic force microscopy and a quartz crystal microbalance. The molecular interactions of S1 RBD and vimentin proteins were quantified using vimentin monolayers attached to the cleaved mica or a gold microbalance sensor as well as in its native extracellular form present on the live cell surface. The presence of specific interactions between vimentin and S1 RBD was also confirmed using in silico studies. This work provides new evidence that cell-surface vimentin (CSV) functions as a site for SARS-CoV-2 virus attachment and is involved in the pathogenesis of Covid-19, providing a potential target for therapeutic countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Deptuła
- Independent Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Medical University of Bialystok, PL-15222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, PL-15222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Wasilewska
- J. Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Suprewicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, PL-15222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cieśluk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, PL-15222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Paulina Żeliszewska
- J. Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Oćwieja
- J. Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Adamczyk
- J. Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 8, PL-30239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pogoda
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, PL-15222 Białystok, Poland
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28
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Arrindell J, Desnues B. Vimentin: from a cytoskeletal protein to a critical modulator of immune response and a target for infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224352. [PMID: 37475865 PMCID: PMC10354447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein that plays a role in cell processes, including cell migration, cell shape and plasticity, or organelle anchorage. However, studies from over the last quarter-century revealed that vimentin can be expressed at the cell surface and even secreted and that its implications in cell physiology largely exceed structural and cytoskeletal functions. Consequently, vimentin contributes to several pathophysiological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, or infection. In this review, we aimed at covering these various roles and highlighting vimentin implications in the immune response. We also provide an overview of how some microbes including bacteria and viruses have acquired the ability to circumvent vimentin functions in order to interfere with host responses and promote their uptake, persistence, and egress from host cells. Lastly, we discuss the therapeutic approaches associated with vimentin targeting, leading to several beneficial effects such as preventing infection, limiting inflammatory responses, or the progression of cancerous events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Arrindell
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Desnues
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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29
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Lotfollahzadeh S, Xia C, Amraei R, Hua N, Kandror KV, Farmer SR, Wei W, Costello CE, Chitalia V, Rahimi N. Inactivation of Minar2 in mice hyperactivates mTOR signaling and results in obesity. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101744. [PMID: 37245847 PMCID: PMC10267597 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a complex disorder and is linked to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Major intrinsically disordered NOTCH2-associated receptor2 (MINAR2) is an understudied protein with an unknown role in obesity and metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Minar2 on adipose tissues and obesity. METHOD We generated Minar2 knockout (KO) mice and used various molecular, proteomic, biochemical, histopathology, and cell culture studies to determine the pathophysiological role of Minar2 in adipocytes. RESULTS We demonstrated that the inactivation of Minar2 results in increased body fat with hypertrophic adipocytes. Minar2 KO mice on a high-fat diet develop obesity and impaired glucose tolerance and metabolism. Mechanistically, Minar2 interacts with Raptor, a specific and essential component of mammalian TOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and inhibits mTOR activation. mTOR is hyperactivated in the adipocytes deficient for Minar2 and over-expression of Minar2 in HEK-293 cells inhibited mTOR activation and phosphorylation of mTORC1 substrates, including S6 kinase, and 4E-BP1. CONCLUSION Our findings identified Minar2 as a novel physiological negative regulator of mTORC1 with a key role in obesity and metabolic disorders. Impaired expression or activation of MINAR2 could lead to obesity and obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saran Lotfollahzadeh
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chaoshuang Xia
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Razie Amraei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ning Hua
- Biomed Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantin V Kandror
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen R Farmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Vipul Chitalia
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Devignot S, Sha TW, Burkard TR, Schmerer P, Hagelkruys A, Mirazimi A, Elling U, Penninger JM, Weber F. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) as an auxiliary host factor for RNA viruses. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302005. [PMID: 37072184 PMCID: PMC10114362 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses with an RNA genome are often the cause of zoonotic infections. In order to identify novel pro-viral host cell factors, we screened a haploid insertion-mutagenized mouse embryonic cell library for clones that are resistant to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). This screen returned the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) as a top hit, a plasma membrane protein involved in a wide variety of cell activities. Inactivation of LRP1 in human cells reduced RVFV RNA levels already at the attachment and entry stages of infection. Moreover, the role of LRP1 in promoting RVFV infection was dependent on physiological levels of cholesterol and on endocytosis. In the human cell line HuH-7, LRP1 also promoted early infection stages of sandfly fever Sicilian virus and La Crosse virus, but had a minor effect on late infection by vesicular stomatitis virus, whereas encephalomyocarditis virus was entirely LRP1-independent. Moreover, siRNA experiments in human Calu-3 cells demonstrated that also SARS-CoV-2 infection benefitted from LRP1. Thus, we identified LRP1 as a host factor that supports infection by a spectrum of RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Devignot
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tim Wai Sha
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Schmerer
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Elling
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Friedemann Weber
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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31
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Ebraham L, Xu C, Wang A, Hernandez C, Siclari N, Rajah D, Walter L, Marras SAE, Tyagi S, Fine DH, Daep CA, Chang TL. Oral Epithelial Cells Expressing Low or Undetectable Levels of Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Are Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection In Vitro. Pathogens 2023; 12:843. [PMID: 37375533 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is thought to be one of the portals for SARS-CoV-2 entry, although there is limited evidence of active oral infection by SARS-CoV-2 viruses. We assessed the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to infect and replicate in oral epithelial cells. Oral gingival epithelial cells (hTERT TIGKs), salivary gland epithelial cells (A-253), and oral buccal epithelial cells (TR146), which occupy different regions of the oral cavity, were challenged with replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 viruses and with pseudo-typed viruses expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. All oral epithelial cells expressing undetectable or low levels of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) but high levels of the alternative receptor CD147 were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Distinct viral dynamics were seen in hTERT TIGKs compared to A-253 and TR146 cells. For example, levels of viral transcripts were sustained in hTERT TIGKs but were significantly decreased in A-253 and TR146 cells on day 3 after infection. Analysis of oral epithelial cells infected by replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 viruses expressing GFP showed that the GFP signal and SARS-CoV-2 mRNAs were not evenly distributed. Furthermore, we found cumulative SARS-CoV-2 RNAs from released viruses in the media from oral epithelial cells on day 1 and day 2 after infection, indicating productive viral infection. Taken together, our results demonstrated that oral epithelial cells were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 viruses despite low or undetectable levels of hACE2, suggesting that alternative receptors contribute to SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be considered for the development of future vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Ebraham
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Chuan Xu
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Annie Wang
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Cyril Hernandez
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Nicholas Siclari
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Divino Rajah
- Global Technology Center, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
| | - Lewins Walter
- Global Technology Center, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
| | - Salvatore A E Marras
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Daniel H Fine
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Carlo Amorin Daep
- Global Technology Center, Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
| | - Theresa L Chang
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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32
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Cheng Y, Lou JX, Liu YY, Liu CC, Chen J, Yang MC, Ye YB, Go YY, Zhou B. Intracellular Vimentin Regulates the Formation of Classical Swine Fever Virus Replication Complex through Interaction with NS5A Protein. J Virol 2023; 97:e0177022. [PMID: 37129496 PMCID: PMC10231149 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01770-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vimentin (VIM), an indispensable protein, is responsible for the formation of intermediate filament structures within cells and plays a crucial role in viral infections. However, the precise role of VIM in classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection remains unclear. Herein, we systematically investigated the function of VIM in CSFV replication. We demonstrated that both knockdown and overexpression of VIM affected CSFV replication. Furthermore, we observed by confocal microscopy the rearrangement of cellular VIM into a cage-like structure during CSFV infection. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging indicated that the cage-like structures were localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ringed around the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), thereby suggesting that VIM was associated with the formation of the viral replication complex (VRC). Mechanistically, phosphorylation of VIM at serine 72 (Ser72), regulated by the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, induced VIM rearrangement upon CSFV infection. Confocal microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that VIM colocalized and interacted with CSFV NS5A. Structurally, it was determined that amino acids 96 to 407 of VIM and amino acids 251 to 416 of NS5A were the respective important domains for this interaction. Importantly, both VIM knockdown and disruption of VIM rearrangement inhibited the localization of NS5A in the ER, implying that VIM rearrangement recruited NS5A to the ER for VRC formation. Collectively, our results suggest that VIM recruits NS5A to form a stable VRC that is protected by the cage-like structure formed by VIM rearrangement, ultimately leading to enhanced virus replication. These findings highlight the critical role of VIM in the formation and stabilization of VRC, which provides alternative strategies for the development of antiviral drugs. IMPORTANCE Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), is a highly infectious disease that poses a significant threat to the global pig industry. Therefore, gaining insights into the virus and its interaction with host cells is crucial for developing effective antiviral measures and controlling the spread of CSF. Previous studies have shown that CSFV infection induces rearrangement of the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to the formation of small vesicular organelles containing nonstructural protein and double-stranded RNA of CSFV, as well as some host factors. These organelles then assemble into viral replication complexes (VRCs). In this study, we have discovered that VIM recruited CSFV NS5A to form a stable VRC that was protected by a cage-like structure formed by rearranged VIM. This enhanced viral replication. Our findings not only shed light on the molecular mechanism of CSFV replication but also offer new insights into the development of antiviral strategies for controlling CSFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-xiu Lou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-yun Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-chun Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-chuan Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yin-bo Ye
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Young Go
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Petri L, Ábrányi-Balogh P, Csorba N, Keeley A, Simon J, Ranđelović I, Tóvári J, Schlosser G, Szabó D, Drahos L, Keserű GM. Activation-Free Sulfonyl Fluoride Probes for Fragment Screening. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073042. [PMID: 37049805 PMCID: PMC10096327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
SuFEx chemistry is based on the unique reactivity of the sulfonyl fluoride group with a range of nucleophiles. Accordingly, sulfonyl fluorides label multiple nucleophilic amino acid residues, making these reagents popular in both chemical biology and medicinal chemistry applications. The reactivity of sulfonyl fluorides nominates this warhead chemotype as a candidate for an external, activation-free general labelling tag. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a small sulfonyl fluoride library that yielded the 3-carboxybenzenesulfonyl fluoride warhead for tagging tractable targets at nucleophilic residues. Based on these results, we propose that coupling diverse fragments to this warhead would result in a library of sulfonyl fluoride bits (SuFBits), available for screening against protein targets. SuFBits will label the target if it binds to the core fragment, which facilitates the identification of weak fragments by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Petri
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Noémi Csorba
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aaron Keeley
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Simon
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, MS Metabolomics Research Group, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and National Tumor Biology Laboratory POB 21, National Institute of Oncology, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Szabó
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Matsumoto C, Shibata S, Kishi T, Morimoto S, Mogi M, Yamamoto K, Kobayashi K, Tanaka M, Asayama K, Yamamoto E, Nakagami H, Hoshide S, Mukoyama M, Kario K, Node K, Rakugi H. Long COVID and hypertension-related disorders: a report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Project Team on COVID-19. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:601-619. [PMID: 36575228 PMCID: PMC9793823 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects infected patients even after the acute phase and impairs their health and quality of life by causing a wide variety of symptoms, referred to as long COVID. Although the evidence is still insufficient, hypertension is suspected to be a potential risk factor for long COVID, and the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases seems to be a key facet of multiple conditions observed in long COVID. Nonetheless, there are few reports that comprehensively review the impacts of long COVID on hypertension and related disorders. As a sequel to our previous report in 2020 which reviewed the association of COVID-19 and hypertension, we summarize the possible influences of long COVID on hypertension-related organs, including the cardiovascular system, kidney, and endocrine system, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the disorders in this review. Given that the clinical course of COVID-19 is highly affected by age and sex, we also review the impacts of these factors on long COVID. Lastly, we discuss areas of uncertainty and future directions, which may lead to better understanding and improved prognosis of clinical problems associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiology, Preventive medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takuya Kishi
- Department of Graduate School of Medicine (Cardiology), International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Kobayashi Internal Medicine Clinic, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masami Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Asayama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hoshide
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Falcón-Cama V, Montero-González T, Acosta-Medina EF, Guillen-Nieto G, Berlanga-Acosta J, Fernández-Ortega C, Alfonso-Falcón A, Gilva-Rodríguez N, López-Nocedo L, Cremata-García D, Matos-Terrero M, Pentón-Rol G, Valdés I, Oramas-Díaz L, Suarez-Batista A, Noa-Romero E, Cruz-Sui O, Sánchez D, Borrego-Díaz AI, Valdés-Carreras JE, Vizcaino A, Suárez-Alba J, Valdés-Véliz R, Bergado G, González MA, Hernandez T, Alvarez-Arzola R, Ramírez-Suárez AC, Casillas-Casanova D, Lemos-Pérez G, Blanco-Águila OR, Díaz A, González Y, Bequet-Romero M, Marín-Prida J, Hernández-Perera JC, Del Rosario-Cruz L, Marin-Díaz AP, González-Bravo M, Borrajero I, Acosta-Rivero N. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in postmortem lung, kidney, and liver samples, revealing cellular targets involved in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Arch Virol 2023; 168:96. [PMID: 36842152 PMCID: PMC9968404 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-host interactions involved in virus spread and pathogenesis, which might contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in postmortem lung, kidney, and liver samples of patients who died with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its relationship with host factors involved in virus spread and pathogenesis, using microscopy-based methods. The cases analyzed showed advanced stages of diffuse acute alveolar damage and fibrosis. We identified the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (NC) in a variety of cells, colocalizing with mitochondrial proteins, lipid droplets (LDs), and key host proteins that have been implicated in inflammation, tissue repair, and the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle (vimentin, NLRP3, fibronectin, LC3B, DDX3X, and PPARγ), pointing to vimentin and LDs as platforms involved not only in the viral life cycle but also in inflammation and pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 isolated from a patient´s nasal swab was grown in cell culture and used to infect hamsters. Target cells identified in human tissue samples included lung epithelial and endothelial cells; lipogenic fibroblast-like cells (FLCs) showing features of lipofibroblasts such as activated PPARγ signaling and LDs; lung FLCs expressing fibronectin and vimentin and macrophages, both with evidence of NLRP3- and IL1β-induced responses; regulatory cells expressing immune-checkpoint proteins involved in lung repair responses and contributing to inflammatory responses in the lung; CD34+ liver endothelial cells and hepatocytes expressing vimentin; renal interstitial cells; and the juxtaglomerular apparatus. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may directly interfere with critical lung, renal, and liver functions involved in COVID-19-pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Falcón-Cama
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba. .,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba.
| | | | - Emilio F Acosta-Medina
- Center for Advanced Studies of Cuba, Havana, Cuba. .,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Gerardo Guillen-Nieto
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jorge Berlanga-Acosta
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Celia Fernández-Ortega
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Nathalie Gilva-Rodríguez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lilianne López-Nocedo
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Daina Cremata-García
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mariuska Matos-Terrero
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Giselle Pentón-Rol
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba.,Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Iris Valdés
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Leonardo Oramas-Díaz
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Anamarys Suarez-Batista
- Department of Virology, Civilian Defense Scientific Research Center (CICDC), Havana, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Enrique Noa-Romero
- Department of Virology, Civilian Defense Scientific Research Center (CICDC), Havana, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Otto Cruz-Sui
- Department of Virology, Civilian Defense Scientific Research Center (CICDC), Havana, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | - José Suárez-Alba
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rodolfo Valdés-Véliz
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gretchen Bergado
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Miguel A González
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Tays Hernandez
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rydell Alvarez-Arzola
- Direction of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Anna C Ramírez-Suárez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Dionne Casillas-Casanova
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gilda Lemos-Pérez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | - Mónica Bequet-Romero
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Ave 31 be/ 158 and 190, Cubanacán, Playa, PO Box 6162, 10699, Havana, Cuba
| | - Javier Marín-Prida
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Alina P Marin-Díaz
- International Orthopedic Scientific Complex 'Frank Pais Garcia', Havana, Cuba
| | - Maritza González-Bravo
- Latin American School of Medicine, Calle Panamericana Km 3 1/2, Playa, 11600, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Nelson Acosta-Rivero
- Center for Protein Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Habana, Calle 25 entre J e I, #455, Plaza de la Revolucion, 10400, Havana, Cuba. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, INF 344, GO.1, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Zhang W, Liu Y, Li M, Zhu J, Li X, Luo TR, Liang J. Host Desmin Interacts with RABV Matrix Protein and Facilitates Virus Propagation. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020434. [PMID: 36851648 PMCID: PMC9964581 DOI: 10.3390/v15020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfilaments and microtubules, two crucial structures of cytoskeletal networks, are usurped by various viruses for their entry, egress, and/or intracellular trafficking, including the Rabies virus (RABV). Intermediate filaments (IFs) are the third major component of cytoskeletal filaments; however, little is known about the role of IFs during the RABV infection. Here, we identified the IF protein desmin as a novel host interactor with the RABV matrix protein, and we show that this physical interaction has a functional impact on the virus lifecycle. We found that the overexpression of desmin facilitates the RABV infection by increasing the progeny virus yield, and the suppression of endogenous desmin inhibits virus replication. Furthermore, we used confocal microscopy to observe that the RABV-M co-localizes with desmin in IF bundles in the BHK-21 cells. Lastly, we found that mice challenged with RABV displayed an enhanced expression of desmin in the brains of infected animals. These findings reveal a desmin/RABV-M interaction that positively regulates the virus infection and suggests that the RABV may utilize cellular IFs as tracks for the intracellular transport of viral components and efficient budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mengru Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (T.R.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Ting Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (T.R.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingjing Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (T.R.L.); (J.L.)
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Tang AT, Buchholz DW, Szigety KM, Imbiakha B, Gao S, Frankfurter M, Wang M, Yang J, Hewins P, Mericko-Ishizuka P, Leu NA, Sterling S, Monreal IA, Sahler J, August A, Zhu X, Jurado KA, Xu M, Morrisey EE, Millar SE, Aguilar HC, Kahn ML. Cell-autonomous requirement for ACE2 across organs in lethal mouse SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001989. [PMID: 36745682 PMCID: PMC9934376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cell-surface receptor for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While its central role in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis is indisputable, there remains significant debate regarding the role of this transmembrane carboxypeptidase in the disease course. These include the role of soluble versus membrane-bound ACE2, as well as ACE2-independent mechanisms that may contribute to viral spread. Testing these roles requires in vivo models. Here, we report humanized ACE2-floxed mice in which hACE2 is expressed from the mouse Ace2 locus in a manner that confers lethal disease and permits cell-specific, Cre-mediated loss of function, and LSL-hACE2 mice in which hACE2 is expressed from the Rosa26 locus enabling cell-specific, Cre-mediated gain of function. Following exposure to SARS-CoV-2, hACE2-floxed mice experienced lethal cachexia, pulmonary infiltrates, intravascular thrombosis and hypoxemia-hallmarks of severe COVID-19. Cre-mediated loss and gain of hACE2 demonstrate that neuronal infection confers lethal cachexia, hypoxemia, and respiratory failure in the absence of lung epithelial infection. In this series of genetic experiments, we demonstrate that ACE2 is absolutely and cell-autonomously required for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the olfactory epithelium, brain, and lung across diverse cell types. Therapies inhibiting or blocking ACE2 at these different sites are likely to be an effective strategy towards preventing severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan T. Tang
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David W. Buchholz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Katherine M. Szigety
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian Imbiakha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Siqi Gao
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Frankfurter
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jisheng Yang
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter Hewins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Patricia Mericko-Ishizuka
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - N Adrian Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Sterling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Isaac A. Monreal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Julie Sahler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Xuming Zhu
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kellie A. Jurado
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mingang Xu
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Edward E. Morrisey
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Millar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hector C. Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Kahn
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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38
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Chen H, Peng J, Wang T, Wen J, Chen S, Huang Y, Zhang Y. Counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system in hypertension: Review and update in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115370. [PMID: 36481346 PMCID: PMC9721294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality and disability, with hypertension being the most prevalent risk factor. Excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) under pathological conditions, leading to vascular remodeling and inflammation, is closely related to cardiovascular dysfunction. The counter-regulatory axis of the RAS consists of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin (1-7), angiotensin (1-9), alamandine, proto-oncogene Mas receptor, angiotensin II type-2 receptor and Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member D. Each of these components has been shown to counteract the effects of the overactivated RAS. In this review, we summarize the latest insights into the complexity and interplay of the counter-regulatory RAS axis in hypertension, highlight the pathophysiological functions of ACE2, a multifunctional molecule linking hypertension and COVID-19, and discuss the function and therapeutic potential of targeting this counter-regulatory RAS axis to prevent and treat hypertension in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyin Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangyun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Tengyao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Jielu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Sifan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China,Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Corresponding authors
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China,Corresponding authors
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Chen J, Liu J, Chen Z, Feng D, Zhu C, Fan J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Xu J. Nonmuscle myosin IIA promotes the internalization of influenza A virus and regulates viral polymerase activity through interacting with nucleoprotein in human pulmonary cells. Virol Sin 2023; 38:128-141. [PMID: 36509386 PMCID: PMC10006312 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV), responsible for seasonal epidemics and recurring pandemics, represents a global threat to public health. Given the risk of a potential IAV pandemic, it is increasingly important to better understand virus-host interactions and develop new anti-viral strategies. Here, we reported nonmuscle myosin IIA (MYH9)-mediated regulation of IAV infection. MYH9 depletion caused a profound inhibition of IAV infection by reducing viral attachment and internalization in human lung epithelial cells. Surprisingly, overexpression of MYH9 also led to a significant reduction in viral productive infection. Interestingly, overexpression of MYH9 retained viral attachment, internalization, or uncoating, but suppressed the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity in a minigenome system. Further analyses found that excess MYH9 might interrupt the formation of vRNP by interacting with the viral nucleoprotein (NP) and result in the reduction of the completed vRNP in the nucleus, thereby inhibiting subsequent viral RNA transcription and replication. Together, we discovered that MYH9 can interact with IAV NP protein and engage in the regulation of vRNP complexes, thereby involving viral replication. These findings enlighten new mechanistic insights into the complicated interface of host-IAV interactions, ultimately making it an attractive target for the generation of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Clinical Center for Bio-Therapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Shanghai, 200032, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Science of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Zhilu Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Daobin Feng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Cuisong Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Clinical Center for Bio-Therapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Clinical Center for Bio-Therapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Clinical Center for Bio-Therapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China. ORCID%
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40
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Gupta S, Santangelo CD, Patteson AE, Schwarz JM. How cells wrap around virus-like particles using extracellular filamentous protein structures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526272. [PMID: 36778225 PMCID: PMC9915516 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles, such as viruses, can enter cells via endocytosis. During endocytosis, the cell surface wraps around the nanoparticle to effectively eat it. Prior focus has been on how nanoparticle size and shape impacts endocytosis. However, inspired by the noted presence of extracellular vimentin affecting viral and bacteria uptake, as well as the structure of coronaviruses, we construct a computational model in which both the cell-like construct and the virus-like construct contain filamentous protein structures protruding from their surfaces. We then study the impact of these additional degrees of freedom on viral wrapping. We find that cells with an optimal density of filamentous extracellular components (ECCs) are more likely to be infected as they uptake the virus faster and use relatively less cell surface area per individual virus. At the optimal density, the cell surface folds around the virus, and folds are faster and more efficient at wrapping the virus than crumple-like wrapping. We also find that cell surface bending rigidity helps generate folds, as bending rigidity enhances force transmission across the surface. However, changing other mechanical parameters, such as the stretching stiffness of filamentous ECCs or virus spikes, can drive crumple-like formation of the cell surface. We conclude with the implications of our study on the evolutionary pressures of virus-like particles, with a particular focus on the cellular microenvironment that may include filamentous ECCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Gupta
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University Syracuse, NY USA
| | | | - Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University Syracuse, NY USA
| | - J M Schwarz
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University Syracuse, NY USA
- Indian Creek Farm, Ithaca, NY USA
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41
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Farkas D, Bogamuwa S, Piper B, Newcomb G, Gunturu P, Bednash JS, Londino JD, Elhance A, Nho R, Mejia OR, Yount JS, Horowitz JC, Goncharova EA, Mallampalli RK, Robinson RT, Farkas L. A role for Toll-like receptor 3 in lung vascular remodeling associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.25.524586. [PMID: 36747676 PMCID: PMC9900759 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.524586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) contribute to the complications of the disease. One potential complication is lung vascular remodeling, but the exact cause is still unknown. We hypothesized that endothelial TLR3 insufficiency contributes to lung vascular remodeling induced by SARS-CoV-2. In the lungs of COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 infected Syrian hamsters, we discovered thickening of the pulmonary artery media and microvascular rarefaction, which were associated with decreased TLR3 expression in lung tissue and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ECs). In vitro , SARS-CoV-2 infection reduced endothelial TLR3 expression. Following infection with mouse-adapted (MA) SARS-CoV-2, TLR3 knockout mice displayed heightened pulmonary artery remodeling and endothelial apoptosis. Treatment with the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid reduced lung tissue damage, lung vascular remodeling, and endothelial apoptosis associated with MA SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, repression of endothelial TLR3 is a potential mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated lung vascular remodeling and enhancing TLR3 signaling is a potential strategy for treatment.
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Bugatti A, Filippini F, Messali S, Giovanetti M, Ravelli C, Zani A, Ciccozzi M, Caruso A, Caccuri F. The D405N Mutation in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 Inhibits Spike/Integrins Interaction and Viral Infection of Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020332. [PMID: 36851546 PMCID: PMC9962894 DOI: 10.3390/v15020332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is characterized by angiogenic features, such as intussusceptive angiogenesis, endothelialitis, and activation of procoagulant pathways. This pathological state can be ascribed to a direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of human lung ECs. Recently, we showed the capability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect ACE2-negative primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HL-mECs). This occurred through the interaction of an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, endowed on the Spike protein at position 403-405, with αvβ3 integrin expressed on HL-mECs. HL-mEC infection promoted the remodeling of cells toward a pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic phenotype. The RGD motif is distinctive of SARS-CoV-2 Spike proteins up to the Omicron BA.1 subvariant. Suddenly, a dominant D405N mutation was expressed on the Spike of the most recently emerged Omicron BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 subvariants. Here we demonstrate that the D405N mutation inhibits Omicron BA.5 infection of HL-mECs and their dysfunction because of the lack of Spike/integrins interaction. The key role of ECs in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis has been definitively proven. Evidence of mutations retrieving the capability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect HL-mECs highlights a new scenario for patients infected with the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants, suggesting that they may display less severe disease manifestations than those observed with previous variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bugatti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Filippini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Messali
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Flavivirus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Zani
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-3995650
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Spike protein receptor-binding domains from SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest bind human ACE2 more tightly than the prototype spike protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:61-66. [PMID: 36525925 PMCID: PMC9721372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several SARS-CoV-2 variants of interest (VOI) have emerged since this virus was first identified as the etiologic agent responsible for COVID-19. Some of these variants have demonstrated differences in both virulence and transmissibility, as well as in evasion of immune responses in hosts vaccinated against the original strain of SARS-CoV-2. There remains a lack of definitive evidence that identifies the genetic elements that are responsible for the differences in transmissibility among these variants. One factor affecting transmissibility is the initial binding of the surface spike protein (SP) of SARS-CoV-2 to human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (hACE2), the widely accepted receptor for SP. This step in the viral replication process is mediated by the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SP that is located on the surface of the virus. This current study was conducted with the aim of assessing potential differences in binding affinity between recombinant hACE2 and the RBDs of emergent SARS-CoV-2 WHO VOIs. Mutations that affect the binding affinity of SP play a dominant initial role in the infectivity of the virus.
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Bodie NM, Hashimoto R, Connolly D, Chu J, Takayama K, Uhal BD. Design of a chimeric ACE-2/Fc-silent fusion protein with ultrahigh affinity and neutralizing capacity for SARS-CoV-2 variants. Antib Ther 2023; 6:59-74. [PMID: 36741194 PMCID: PMC9889962 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As SARS-CoV-2 continues to mutate into Variants of Concern (VOC), there is growing and urgent need to develop effective antivirals to combat COVID-19. Monoclonal antibodies developed earlier are no longer capable of effectively neutralizing currently active VOCs. This report describes the design of variant-agnostic chimeric molecules consisting of an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE-2) domain mutated to retain ultrahigh affinity binding to a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants, coupled to an Fc-silent immunoglobulin domain that eliminates antibody-dependent enhancement and extends biological half-life. Methods Molecular modeling, Surrogate Viral Neutralization tests (sVNTs) and infection studies of human airway organoid cultures were performed with synthetic chimeras, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mimics and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants B.1.1.214, BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5. Results ACE-2 mutations L27, V34 and E90 resulted in ultrahigh affinity binding of the LVE-ACE-2 domain to the widest variety of VOCs, with KDs of 93 pM and 73 pM for binding to the Alpha B1.1.7 and Omicron B.1.1.529 variants, and notably, 78fM, 133fM and 1.81pM affinities to the Omicron BA.2, BA2.75 and BQ.1.1 subvariants, respectively. sVNT assays revealed titers of ≥4.9 ng/ml, for neutralization of recombinant viral proteins corresponding to the Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants. The values above were obtained with LVE-ACE-2/mAB chimeras containing the FcRn-binding Y-T-E sequence which extends biological half-life 3-4-fold. Conclusions The ACE-2-mutant/Fc silent fusion proteins described have ultrahigh affinity to a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron. It is proposed that these chimeric ACE-2/mABs will constitute variant-agnostic and cost-effective prophylactics against SARS-CoV-2, particularly when administered nasally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Bodie
- Paradigm Immunotherapeutics Inc., Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Rina Hashimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - David Connolly
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jennifer Chu
- Innovation Lab, ACROBiosystems, 1 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Bruce D. Uhal, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 3197 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. and Kazuo Takayama, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
| | - Bruce D Uhal
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Bruce D. Uhal, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 3197 Biomedical and Physical Sciences Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. and Kazuo Takayama, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan.
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Ise H, Araki Y, Song I, Akatsuka G. N-acetylglucosamine-bearing polymers mimicking O-GlcNAc-modified proteins elicit anti-fibrotic activities in myofibroblasts and activated stellate cells. Glycobiology 2023; 33:17-37. [PMID: 36190502 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-modified proteins are post-translationally modified with GlcNAc conjugated to serine and threonine residues. This modification is associated with various physiological functions such as serine and threonine phosphorylation and Notch signaling. Here, we demonstrated that O-GlcNAc-modified proteins leaked from dead cells and GlcNAc-bearing polymers mimicking the multivalent GlcNAc moiety of these proteins induced anti-fibrotic activities, such as the suppression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen and the induction of matrix metalloprotease 1 in myofibroblasts. We have previously reported that O-GlcNAc-modified proteins and GlcNAc-bearing polymers could interact with cell surface vimentin and desmin. In the current study, it was demonstrated that a multivalent GlcNAc moiety structure of these molecules activated PI3K/Akt and p38MAPK pathway and elicited these anti-fibrotic activities in myofibroblasts by interacting with cell surface vimentin. Since the interaction of O-GlcNAc-modified proteins with desmin was observed in the fibrotic liver of carbon tetrachloride-treated mice via an in situ proximity ligation assay, it was assumed that the activated stellate cells could bind to the O-GlcNAc-modified proteins from the damaged hepatocytes. In addition, the administration of anti-O-GlcNAc antibody to inhibit the interaction exacerbated liver fibrosis in the mice. Moreover, administration of the GlcNAc-bearing polymers into carbon tetrachloride-treated mice could ameliorate liver fibrosis. Thus, O-GlcNAc-modified proteins leaked from dead cells can interact with myofibroblasts and activated stellate cells and function as fibrosis suppressors. Moreover, we anticipate that GlcNAc-bearing polymers mimicking O-GlcNAc-modified proteins will be applied as novel therapeutic tools for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohiko Ise
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yusaku Araki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Inu Song
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Gen Akatsuka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Xing Y, Zhang Q, Jiu Y. Coronavirus and the Cytoskeleton of Virus-Infected Cells. Subcell Biochem 2023; 106:333-364. [PMID: 38159233 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-40086-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton, which includes actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, is one of the most important networks in the cell and undertakes many fundamental life activities. Among them, actin filaments are mainly responsible for maintaining cell shape and mediating cell movement, microtubules are in charge of coordinating all cargo transport within the cell, and intermediate filaments are mainly thought to guard against external mechanical pressure. In addition to this, cytoskeleton networks are also found to play an essential role in multiple viral infections. Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, so many variants have caused wide public concern, that any virus infection can potentially bring great harm to human beings and society. Therefore, it is of great importance to study coronavirus infection and develop antiviral drugs and vaccines. In this chapter, we summarize in detail how the cytoskeleton responds and participates in coronavirus infection by analyzing the possibility of the cytoskeleton and its related proteins as antiviral targets, thereby providing ideas for finding more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection (Formerly Institut Pasteur of Shanghai), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Meng Y, Lin S, Niu K, Ma Z, Lin H, Fan H. Vimentin affects inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in airway epithelium during Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection. Vet Res 2023; 54:7. [PMID: 36717839 PMCID: PMC9885403 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) frequently colonizes the swine upper respiratory tract and can cause Streptococcal disease in swine with clinical manifestations of pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia. Previously, we have shown that vimentin, a kind of intermediate filament protein, is involved in the penetration of SS2 through the tracheal epithelial barrier. The initiation of invasive disease is closely related to SS2-induced excessive local inflammation; however, the role of vimentin in airway epithelial inflammation remains unclear. Here, we show that vimentin deficient mice exhibit attenuated lung injury, diminished production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the IL-8 homolog, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), and substantially reduced neutrophils in the lungs following intranasal infection with SS2. We also found that swine tracheal epithelial cells (STEC) without vimentin show decreased transcription of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8. SS2 infection caused reassembly of vimentin in STEC, and pharmacological disruption of vimentin filaments prevented the transcription of those proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, deficiency of vimentin failed to increase the transcription of nucleotide oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2), which is known to interact with vimentin, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB protein p65. This study provides insights into how vimentin promotes excessive airway inflammation, thereby exacerbating airway injury and SS2-induced systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaojie Lin
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Niu
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Pinto SM, Subbannayya Y, Kim H, Hagen L, Górna MW, Nieminen AI, Bjørås M, Espevik T, Kainov D, Kandasamy RK. Multi-OMICs landscape of SARS-CoV-2-induced host responses in human lung epithelial cells. iScience 2022; 26:105895. [PMID: 36590899 PMCID: PMC9794516 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic continues to remain a global health concern owing to the emergence of newer variants. Several multi-Omics studies have produced extensive evidence on host-pathogen interactions and potential therapeutic targets. Nonetheless, an increased understanding of host signaling networks regulated by post-translational modifications and their ensuing effect on the cellular dynamics is critical to expanding the current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 infections. Through an unbiased transcriptomics, proteomics, acetylomics, phosphoproteomics, and exometabolome analysis of a lung-derived human cell line, we show that SARS-CoV-2 Norway/Trondheim-S15 strain induces time-dependent alterations in the induction of type I IFN response, activation of DNA damage response, dysregulated Hippo signaling, among others. We identified interplay of phosphorylation and acetylation dynamics on host proteins and its effect on the altered release of metabolites, especially organic acids and ketone bodies. Together, our findings serve as a resource of potential targets that can aid in designing novel host-directed therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha M. Pinto
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway,Corresponding author
| | - Yashwanth Subbannayya
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hera Kim
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway,Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria W. Górna
- Structural Biology Group, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anni I. Nieminen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Terje Espevik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Denis Kainov
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Richard K. Kandasamy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), and Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Centre for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Corresponding author
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ACE2-Independent Alternative Receptors for SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112535. [PMID: 36423144 PMCID: PMC9692829 DOI: 10.3390/v14112535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is highly contagious and remains a major public health challenge despite the availability of effective vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells through the binding of its spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in concert with accessory receptors/molecules that facilitate viral attachment, internalization, and fusion. Although ACE2 plays a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 replication, its expression profiles are not completely associated with infection patterns, immune responses, and clinical manifestations. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 infects cells that lack ACE2, and the infection is resistant to monoclonal antibodies against spike RBD in vitro, indicating that some human cells possess ACE2-independent alternative receptors, which can mediate SARS-CoV-2 entry. Here, we discuss these alternative receptors and their interactions with SARS-CoV-2 components for ACE2-independent viral entry. These receptors include CD147, AXL, CD209L/L-SIGN/CLEC4M, CD209/DC-SIGN/CLEC4L, CLEC4G/LSECtin, ASGR1/CLEC4H1, LDLRAD3, TMEM30A, and KREMEN1. Most of these receptors are known to be involved in the entry of other viruses and to modulate cellular functions and immune responses. The SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant exhibits altered cell tropism and an associated change in the cell entry pathway, indicating that emerging variants may use alternative receptors to escape the immune pressure against ACE2-dependent viral entry provided by vaccination against RBD. Understanding the role of ACE2-independent alternative receptors in SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and pathogenesis may provide avenues for the prevention of infection by SARS-CoV-2 variants and for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Pelisek J, Reutersberg B, Greber UF, Zimmermann A. Vascular dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: update on SARS-CoV-2 infection of endothelial cells and the role of long non-coding RNAs. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1571-1590. [PMID: 36367091 PMCID: PMC9652506 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Although COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease, it may affect also the cardiovascular system. COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disorder (CVD) develop a more severe disease course with a significantly higher mortality rate than non-CVD patients. A common denominator of CVD is the dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs), increased vascular permeability, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, coagulation, and inflammation. It has been assumed that clinical complications in COVID-19 patients suffering from CVD are caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection of ECs through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and the cellular transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and the consequent dysfunction of the infected vascular cells. Meanwhile, other factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cells have been described, including disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17), the C-type lectin CD209L or heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). Here, we discuss the current data about the putative entry of SARS-CoV-2 into endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, we highlight the potential role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) affecting vascular permeability in CVD, a process that might exacerbate disease in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Urs F Greber
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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