1
|
Mara AB, Rawat K, King WT, Jakubzick CV. Natural antibodies drive type 2 immunity in response to damage-associated molecular patterns. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e177230. [PMID: 38470489 PMCID: PMC11141869 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway disease (AAD) is an example of type 2 inflammation that leads to chronic airway eosinophilia controlled by CD4 Th2 cells. Inflammation is reinforced by mast cells and basophils armed with allergen-specific IgE made by allergen-specific B2 B cells of the adaptive immune system. Little is known about how AAD is affected by innate B1 cells, which produce natural antibodies (NAbs) that facilitate apoptotic cell clearance and detect damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS and PAMPS). We used transgenic mice lacking either B cells or NAbs in distinct mouse models of AAD that require either DAMPS or PAMPS as the initial trigger for type 2 immunity. In a DAMP-induced allergic model, driven by alum and uric acid, mouse strains lacking B cells (CD19DTA), NAbs (IgHEL MD4), or all secreted antibodies (sIgm-/-Aid-/-) displayed a significant reduction in both eosinophilia and Th2 priming compared with WT or Aid-/- mice lacking only germinal center-dependent high-affinity class-switched antibodies. Replenishing B cell-deficient mice with either unimmunized B1 B cells or NAbs during sensitization restored eosinophilia, suggesting that NAbs are required for licensing antigen-presenting cells to prime type 2 immunity. Conversely, PAMP-dependent type 2 priming to house dust mite or Aspergillus was not dependent on NAbs. This study reveals an underappreciated role of B1 B cell-generated NAbs in selectively driving DAMP-induced type 2 immunity.
Collapse
|
2
|
Bodansky A, Yu DJL, Rallistan A, Kalaycioglu M, Boonyaratanakornkit J, Green DJ, Gauthier J, Turtle CJ, Zorn K, O’Donovan B, Mandel-Brehm C, Asaki J, Kortbawi H, Kung AF, Rackaityte E, Wang CY, Saxena A, de Dios K, Masi G, Nowak RJ, O’Connor KC, Li H, Diaz VE, Casaletto KB, Gontrum EQ, Chan B, Kramer JH, Wilson MR, Utz PJ, Hill JA, Jackson SW, Anderson MS, DeRisi JL. Unveiling the autoreactome: Proteome-wide immunological fingerprints reveal the promise of plasma cell depleting therapy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.19.23300188. [PMID: 38196603 PMCID: PMC10775319 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.23300188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence and burden of autoimmune and autoantibody mediated disease is increasing worldwide, yet most disease etiologies remain unclear. Despite numerous new targeted immunomodulatory therapies, comprehensive approaches to apply and evaluate the effects of these treatments longitudinally are lacking. Here, we leverage advances in programmable-phage immunoprecipitation (PhIP-Seq) methodology to explore the modulation, or lack thereof, of proteome-wide autoantibody profiles in both health and disease. We demonstrate that each individual, regardless of disease state, possesses a distinct set of autoreactivities constituting a unique immunological fingerprint, or "autoreactome", that is remarkably stable over years. In addition to uncovering important new biology, the autoreactome can be used to better evaluate the relative effectiveness of various therapies in altering autoantibody repertoires. We find that therapies targeting B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) profoundly alter an individual's autoreactome, while anti-CD19 and CD-20 therapies have minimal effects, strongly suggesting a rationale for BCMA or other plasma cell targeted therapies in autoantibody mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Bodansky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David JL Yu
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Alysa Rallistan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Muge Kalaycioglu
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection (ITI), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jim Boonyaratanakornkit
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Damian J. Green
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jordan Gauthier
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cameron J. Turtle
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelsey Zorn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Brian O’Donovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Caleigh Mandel-Brehm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - James Asaki
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hannah Kortbawi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Andrew F. Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Biological and Medical Informatics Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Elze Rackaityte
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Kimberly de Dios
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Gianvito Masi
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Kevin C. O’Connor
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Valentina E. Diaz
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin B. Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eva Q. Gontrum
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Chan
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael R. Wilson
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joshua A. Hill
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shaun W. Jackson
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Mark S. Anderson
- Diabetes Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Joseph L. DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub SF, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pashova S, Balabanski L, Elmadjian G, Savov A, Stoyanova E, Shivarov V, Petrov P, Pashov A. Restriction of the Global IgM Repertoire in Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865232. [PMID: 35493489 PMCID: PMC9043687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The typical anti-phospholipid antibodies (APLA) in the anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) are reactive with the phospholipid-binding protein β2GPI as well as a growing list of other protein targets. The relation of APLA to natural antibodies and the fuzzy set of autoantigens involved provoked us to study the changes in the IgM repertoire in APS. To this end, peptides selected by serum IgM from a 7-residue linear peptide phage display library (PDL) were deep sequenced. The analysis was aided by a novel formal representation of the Igome (the mimotope set reflecting the IgM specificities) in the form of a sequence graph. The study involved women with APLA and habitual abortions (n=24) compared to age-matched clinically healthy pregnant women (n=20). Their pooled Igomes (297 028 mimotope sequences) were compared also to the global public repertoire Igome of pooled donor plasma IgM (n=2 796 484) and a set of 7-mer sequences found in the J regions of human immunoglobulins (n=4 433 252). The pooled Igome was represented as a graph connecting the sequences as similar as the mimotopes of the same monoclonal antibody. The criterion was based on previously published data. In the resulting graph, identifiable clusters of vertices were considered related to the footprints of overlapping antibody cross-reactivities. A subgraph based on the clusters with a significant differential expression of APS patients' mimotopes contained predominantly specificities underrepresented in APS. The differentially expressed IgM footprints showed also an increased cross-reactivity with immunoglobulin J regions. The specificities underexpressed in APS had a higher correlation with public specificities than those overexpressed. The APS associated specificities were strongly related also to the human peptidome with 1 072 mimotope sequences found in 7 519 human proteins. These regions were characterized by low complexity. Thus, the IgM repertoire of the APS patients was found to be characterized by a significant reduction of certain public specificities found in the healthy controls with targets representing low complexity linear self-epitopes homologous to human antibody J regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shina Pashova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lubomir Balabanski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Genomics Laboratory, Hospital “Malinov”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Gabriel Elmadjian
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexey Savov
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University-Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Stoyanova
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Peter Petrov
- Institute Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anastas Pashov
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cavazzoni CB, Bozza VB, Lucas TC, Conde L, Maia B, Mesin L, Schiepers A, Ersching J, Neris RL, Conde JN, Coelho DR, Lima TM, Alvim RG, Castilho LR, de Paula Neto HA, Mohana-Borges R, Assunção-Miranda I, Nobrega A, Victora GD, Vale AM. The immunodominant antibody response to Zika virus NS1 protein is characterized by cross-reactivity to self. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210580. [PMID: 34292314 PMCID: PMC8302445 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides antigen-specific responses to viral antigens, humoral immune response in virus infection can generate polyreactive and autoreactive antibodies. Dengue and Zika virus infections have been linked to antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders, including Guillain-Barré syndrome. A unique feature of flaviviruses is the secretion of nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) by infected cells. NS1 is highly immunogenic, and antibodies targeting NS1 can have both protective and pathogenic roles. In the present study, we investigated the humoral immune response to Zika virus NS1 and found NS1 to be an immunodominant viral antigen associated with the presence of autoreactive antibodies. Through single B cell cultures, we coupled binding assays and BCR sequencing, confirming the immunodominance of NS1. We demonstrate the presence of self-reactive clones in germinal centers after both infection and immunization, some of which present cross-reactivity with NS1. Sequence analysis of anti-NS1 B cell clones showed sequence features associated with pathogenic autoreactive antibodies. Our findings demonstrate NS1 immunodominance at the cellular level as well as a potential role for NS1 in ZIKV-associated autoimmune manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia B. Cavazzoni
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Vicente B.T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tostes C.V. Lucas
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Conde
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Maia
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luka Mesin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Ariën Schiepers
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Jonatan Ersching
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Romulo L.S. Neris
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas N. Conde
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego R. Coelho
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tulio M. Lima
- Programa de Engenharia Química, Laboratório de Engenharia de Cultivos Celulares, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata G.F. Alvim
- Programa de Engenharia Química, Laboratório de Engenharia de Cultivos Celulares, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leda R. Castilho
- Programa de Engenharia Química, Laboratório de Engenharia de Cultivos Celulares, Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heitor A. de Paula Neto
- Laboratório de Alvos Moleculares, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iranaia Assunção-Miranda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Nobrega
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel D. Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Andre M. Vale
- Laboratório de Biologia de Linfócitos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sialic Acid Protects Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae from Natural IgM and Promotes Survival in Murine Respiratory Tract. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00676-20. [PMID: 33782153 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00676-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a common inhabitant of the human nasopharynx and upper airways, causes opportunistic respiratory tract infections that are frequently recurring and chronic. NTHi utilizes sialic acid from the host to evade antibacterial defenses and persist in mucosal tissues; however, the role of sialic acid scavenged by NTHi during infection is not fully understood. We previously showed that sialylation protects specific epitopes on NTHi lipooligosaccharide (LOS) targeted by bactericidal IgM in normal human serum. Here, we evaluated the importance of immune evasion mediated by LOS sialylation in the mouse respiratory tract using wild-type H. influenzae and an isogenic siaB mutant incapable of sialylating the LOS. Sialylation protected common NTHi glycan structures recognized by human and murine IgM and protected NTHi from complement-mediated killing directed by IgM against these structures. Protection from IgM binding by sialylated LOS correlated with decreased survival of the siaB mutant versus the wild type in the murine lung. Complement depletion with cobra venom factor increased survival of the siaB mutant in the nasopharynx but not in the lungs, suggesting differing roles of sialylation at these sites. Prior infection increased IgM against H. influenzae but not against sialic acid-protected epitopes, consistent with sialic acid-mediated immune evasion during infection. These results provide mechanistic insight into an NTHi evasive strategy against an immune defense conserved across host species, highlighting the potential of the mouse model for development of anti-infective strategies targeting LOS antigens of NTHi.
Collapse
|
6
|
Gong S, Ruprecht RM. Immunoglobulin M: An Ancient Antiviral Weapon - Rediscovered. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1943. [PMID: 32849652 PMCID: PMC7432194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries have shed new light onto immunoglobulin M (IgM), an ancient antibody class preserved throughout evolution in all vertebrates. First, IgM – long thought to be a perfect pentamer – was shown to be asymmetric, resembling a quasi-hexamer missing one monomer and containing a gap. Second, this gap allows IgM to serve as carrier of a specific host protein, apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM), which is released to promote removal of dead-cell debris, cancer cells, or pathogens. Third, recombinant IgM delivered mucosally by passive immunization gave proof-of-concept that this antibody class can prevent mucosal simian-human immunodeficiency virus transmission in non-human primates. Finally, IgM’s role in adaptive immunity goes beyond being only a first defender to respond to pathogen invasion, as long-lived IgM plasma cells have been observed predominantly residing in the spleen. In fact, IgM produced by such cells contained somatic hypermutations and was linked to protection against lethal influenza virus challenge in murine models. Importantly, such long-lived IgM plasma cells had been induced by immunization 1 year before challenge. Together, new data on IgM function raise the possibility that vaccine strategies aimed at preventing virus acquisition could include this ancient weapon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Gong
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ruth M Ruprecht
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Matricardi PM, Dal Negro RW, Nisini R. The first, holistic immunological model of COVID-19: Implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31:454-470. [PMID: 32359201 PMCID: PMC7267459 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is extremely variable, ranging from asymptomatic or mild infection, mainly in children, to multi-organ failure, eventually fatal, mainly in the eldest. We propose here the first model explaining how the outcome of first, crucial 10-15 days after infection, depends on the balance between the cumulative dose of viral exposure and the efficacy of the local innate immune response (natural IgA and IgM antibodies, mannose-binding lectin). If SARS-CoV-2 runs the blockade of this innate immunity and spreads from the upper airways to the alveoli in the early phases of the infections, it can replicate with no local resistance, causing pneumonia and releasing high amounts of antigens. The delayed and strong adaptive immune response (high-affinity IgM and IgG antibodies) that follows, causes severe inflammation and triggers mediator cascades (complement, coagulation, and cytokine storm), leading to complications often requiring intensive therapy and being, in some patients, fatal. Low-moderate physical activity can still be recommended. However, extreme physical activity and oral breathing with hyperventilation during the incubation days and early stages of COVID-19 facilitates re-inhalation and early direct penetration of high numbers of own virus particles in the lower airways and the alveoli, without impacting on the airway's mucosae covered by neutralizing antibodies ("viral auto-inhalation" phenomenon). This allows the virus to bypass the efficient immune barrier of the upper airway mucosa in already infected, young, and otherwise healthy athletes. In conclusion, whether the virus or the adaptive immune response reaches the lungs first is a crucial factor deciding the fate of the patient. This "quantitative and time-/sequence-dependent" model has several implications for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of COVID-19 at all ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Maria Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care MedicineCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Roberto Nisini
- Unit of ImmunologyDipartimento di Malattie InfettiveIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection continues to hinder long-term survival of solid organ allografts. Natural antibodies (Nabs) with polyreactive and autoreactive properties have recently emerged as potential contributors to antibody-mediated graft rejection. This review discusses Nabs, their functions in health and disease, their significance in rejection following kidney, heart, and lung transplantation, and their implication in serum reactivity to key antigens associated with rejection. Finally, potential effector mechanisms of Nabs in the context of transplantation are explored.
Collapse
|
9
|
van Dijk KSE, Parmentier HK. Transfer of natural auto-antibodies via egg yolk in chickens divergently selected for natural antibodies binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:103466. [PMID: 31408638 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Barcodes of natural auto-antibody (NAAb) profiles based on staining intensity of isotypes binding numbers of self-(tissue) antigen fragments were suggested as parameters for immune diversity, and related to genetic background and health status in man, rodents and poultry. Here, hens, eggs and hatchlings from chicken lines divergently selected and bred for high (H line) or low (L line) total natural antibodies (NAb) levels in plasma binding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) at 16 weeks of age were tested for their NAAb repertoire binding chicken liver homogenate (CLH) fragments using quantitative Western immunoblotting. The aims of this study were 1. to detect line differences between the H and L line adult hens, eggs and hatchlings for the IgM and IgG isotypes binding CLH fragments, 2. study the presence of NAAb of both isotypes in yolk and albumen, as well as in hatchlings to detect a maternal NAAb transfer route via the egg to the hatchling, and 3. study whether new self-antigen binding isotypes and idiotypes are present in the hatchling. NAAb binding CLH fragments were found in plasma of adult hens (both IgM and IgG), in yolk (IgG only), and hatchlings (mostly IgG, but low levels of IgM). Auto-profiles of IgM showed homogeneity, while IgG profiles were heterogenic between individual hens and individual hatchlings. Significant higher levels as indicated by staining intensity and number of stained CLH fragments were found in plasma of hens genetically selected for high levels of NAb binding KLH. Lines could be clustered based on their auto-profiles indicating that profiles of self-binding IgM and IgG antibodies are genetically based. Visual comparison, clustering and correlation of hens and their hatchlings showed similarities for the IgG, but not the IgM isotype, indicating maternal transfer of IgG NAAb via the yolk. The IgM profile in the hatchlings on the other hand might represent neonatal self-binding antibody formation. As a consequence, hatchlings initially depend for self-binding antibodies on maternal IgG provision during early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee S E van Dijk
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk K Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pashov A, Shivarov V, Hadzhieva M, Kostov V, Ferdinandov D, Heintz KM, Pashova S, Todorova M, Vassilev T, Kieber-Emmons T, Meza-Zepeda LA, Hovig E. Diagnostic Profiling of the Human Public IgM Repertoire With Scalable Mimotope Libraries. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2796. [PMID: 31849974 PMCID: PMC6901697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific antibody reactivities are routinely used as biomarkers, but the antibody repertoire reactivity (igome) profiles are still neglected. Here, we propose rationally designed peptide arrays as efficient probes for these system level biomarkers. Most IgM antibodies are characterized by few somatic mutations, polyspecificity, and physiological autoreactivity with housekeeping function. Previously, probing this repertoire with a set of immunodominant self-proteins provided a coarse analysis of the respective repertoire profiles. In contrast, here, we describe the generation of a peptide mimotope library that reflects the common IgM repertoire of 10,000 healthy donors. In addition, an appropriately sized subset of this quasi-complete mimotope library was further designed as a potential diagnostic tool. A 7-mer random peptide phage display library was panned on pooled human IgM. Next-generation sequencing of the selected phage yielded 224,087 sequences, which clustered in 790 sequence clusters. A set of 594 mimotopes, representative of the most significant sequence clusters, was shown to probe symmetrically the space of IgM reactivities in patients' sera. This set of mimotopes can be easily scaled including a greater proportion of the mimotope library. The trade-off between the array size and the resolution can be explored while preserving the symmetric sampling of the mimotope sequence and reactivity spaces. BLAST search of the non-redundant protein database with the mimotopes sequences yielded significantly more immunoglobulin J region hits than random peptides, indicating a considerable idiotypic connectivity of the targeted igome. The proof of principle predictors for random diagnoses was represented by profiles of mimotopes. The number of potential reactivity profiles that can be extracted from this library is estimated at more than 1070. Thus, a quasi-complete IgM mimotope library and a scalable representative subset thereof are found to address very efficiently the dynamic diversity of the human public IgM repertoire, providing informationally dense and structurally interpretable IgM reactivity profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastas Pashov
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Velizar Shivarov
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Hematology, Sofiamed University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski," Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maya Hadzhieva
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Victor Kostov
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Neurosurgery Clinic, St. Ivan Rilsky Hospital, Sofia MU, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dilyan Ferdinandov
- Neurosurgery Clinic, St. Ivan Rilsky Hospital, Sofia MU, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Karen-Marie Heintz
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shina Pashova
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Todorova
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tchavdar Vassilev
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, N.I. Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Thomas Kieber-Emmons
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Research Center, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Atif SM, Gibbings SL, Redente EF, Camp FA, Torres RM, Kedl RM, Henson PM, Jakubzick CV. Immune Surveillance by Natural IgM Is Required for Early Neoantigen Recognition and Initiation of Adaptive Immunity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:580-591. [PMID: 29953261 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0159oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early recognition of neoantigen-expressing cells is complex, involving multiple immune cell types. In this study, in vivo, we examined how antigen-presenting cell subtypes coordinate and induce an immunological response against neoantigen-expressing cells, particularly in the absence of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, which is normally required to license antigen-presenting cells to present foreign or self-antigens as immunogens. Using two reductionist models of neoantigen-expressing cells and two cancer models, we demonstrated that natural IgM is essential for the recognition and initiation of adaptive immunity against neoantigen-expressing cells. Natural IgM antibodies form a cellular immune complex with the neoantigen-expressing cells. This immune complex licenses surveying monocytes to present neoantigens as immunogens to CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T helper cells, in turn, use CD40L to license cross-presenting CD40+ Batf3+ dendritic cells to elicit a cytotoxic T cell response against neoantigen-expressing cells. Any break along this immunological chain reaction results in the escape of neoantigen-expressing cells. This study demonstrates the surprising, essential role of natural IgM as the initiator of a sequential signaling cascade involving multiple immune cell subtypes. This sequence is required to coordinate an adaptive immune response against neoantigen-expressing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Atif
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Sophie L Gibbings
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | | | - Faye A Camp
- 2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Raul M Torres
- 2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ross M Kedl
- 2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and.,2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and.,2 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chantran Y, Capron J, Alamowitch S, Aucouturier P. Anti-Aβ Antibodies and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Complications. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1534. [PMID: 31333665 PMCID: PMC6620823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) corresponds to the deposition of amyloid material in the cerebral vasculature, leading to structural modifications of blood vessel walls. The most frequent form of sporadic CAA involves fibrillar β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) deposits, mainly the 40 amino acid form (Aβ1-40), which are commonly found in the elderly with or without Alzheimer's disease. Sporadic CAA usually remains clinically silent. However, in some cases, acute complications either hemorrhagic or inflammatory can occur. Similar complications occurred after active or passive immunization against Aβ in experimental animal models exhibiting CAA, and in subjects with Alzheimer's disease during clinical trials. The triggering of these adverse events by active immunization and monoclonal antibody administration in CAA-bearing individuals suggests that analogous mechanisms could be involved during spontaneous CAA complications, drawing particular attention to the role of anti-Aβ antibodies. However, antibodies that react with several monomeric and aggregated forms of Aβ spontaneously occur in virtually all human individuals, hence being part of the "natural antibody" repertoire. Natural antibodies are usually described as having low-affinity and high cross-reactivity toward microbial components and autoantigens. Although frequently of the IgM class, they also belong to IgG and IgA isotypes. They likely display homeostatic functions and protective roles in aging. Until recently, the peculiar properties of these natural antibodies have hindered proper analysis of the Aβ-reactive antibody repertoire and the study of their implication in CAA complications. Herein, we review and comment the evidences of an auto-immune nature of spontaneous CAA complications, and discuss implications for forthcoming research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Chantran
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Département d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean Capron
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Alamowitch
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Département de Neurologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Aucouturier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Département d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Moritz CP, Tholance Y, Rosier C, Reynaud-Federspiel E, Svahn J, Camdessanché JP, Antoine JC. Completing the Immunological Fingerprint by Refractory Proteins: Autoantibody Screening via an Improved Immunoblotting Technique. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800157. [PMID: 30768763 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identifying autoantigens of serological autoantibodies requires expensive methods, such as protein microarrays or IP+MS. Thus, sera are commonly pre-screened for interesting immunopatterns via immunocytochemistry/immunohistochemistry. However, distinguishing immunopatterns can be difficult and intracellular antigens are less accessible. Therefore, a simple and cheap immunoblot screening able to distinguish immunopatterns and to detect refractory proteins is presented. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Five steps of immunoblotting-based autoantigen screening are revised: (1) choice of protein source, (2) protein extraction, (3) protein separation, (4) protein transfer, (5) antigen detection. Thereafter, 52 patients' sera with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and 45 controls were screened. RESULTS The protein source impacts the detected antigen set. Steps 2-4 can be adapted for refractory proteins. Furthermore, longitudinal cutting of protein lanes saves ≥75% of time and material and allows for exact comparison of band patterns. As the latter are individually specific and temporarily constant, we call them "immunological fingerprints". In a proof-of-principle, a 155 kDa immunoband was detected with two anti-neurofascin-155-positive CIDP sera and two further immunobands (120/220 kDa) specific to a subgroup of 3-6 of 52 CIDP patients. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Adapted immunoblotting is a cheap and simple method for accurate serum screening including refractory and intracellular antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Moritz
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Yannick Tholance
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, 42055, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Carole Rosier
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, 42055, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Evelyne Reynaud-Federspiel
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Juliette Svahn
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Camdessanché
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, 42055, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Antoine
- Synaptopathies and Autoantibodies, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGene INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, University Jean Monnet, University of Lyon, 42270, Saint-Priest en Jarez, France.,Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, 42055, Saint-Étienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
New perspectives on corpora amylacea in the human brain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41807. [PMID: 28155917 PMCID: PMC5290524 DOI: 10.1038/srep41807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corpora amylacea are structures of unknown origin and function that appear with age in human brains and are profuse in selected brain areas in several neurodegenerative conditions. They are constituted of glucose polymers and may contain waste elements derived from different cell types. As we previously found on particular polyglucosan bodies in mouse brain, we report here that corpora amylacea present some neo-epitopes that can be recognized by natural antibodies, a certain kind of antibodies that are involved in tissue homeostasis. We hypothesize that corpora amylacea, and probably some other polyglucosan bodies, are waste containers in which deleterious or residual products are isolated to be later eliminated through the action of the innate immune system. In any case, the presence of neo-epitopes on these structures and the existence of natural antibodies directed against them could become a new focal point for the study of both age-related and degenerative brain processes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pashova S, Schneider C, von Gunten S, Pashov A. Antibody repertoire profiling with mimotope arrays. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 13:314-322. [PMID: 27929733 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1264786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale profiling and monitoring of antibody repertoires is possible through next generation sequencing (NGS), phage display libraries and microarrays. These methods can be combined in a pipeline, which ultimately maps the antibody reactivities onto defined arrays of structures - peptides or carbohydrates. The arrays can help analyze the individual specificities or can be used as complex patterns. In any case, the targets recognized should formally be considered mimotopes unless they are proven to be epitopes driving the antibody synthesis. Here, the advantages and disadvantages of the major profiling techniques as well as their current and future application in disease prediction and vaccination are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shina Pashova
- a Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Anastas Pashov
- c Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia , Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vale AM, Cavazzoni CB, Nobrega A, Schroeder HW. The Global Self-Reactivity Profile of the Natural Antibody Repertoire Is Largely Independent of Germline DH Sequence. Front Immunol 2016; 7:296. [PMID: 27559334 PMCID: PMC4979587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAbs) are produced in the absence of exogenous antigenic stimulation and circulate in the blood of normal, healthy individuals. These antibodies have been shown to provide one of the first lines of defense against both bacterial and viral pathogens. Conservation of the NAb repertoire reactivity profile is observed both within and across species. One view holds that this conservation of NAb self-reactivities reflects the use of germline antibody sequence, whereas the opposing view holds that the self-reactivities reflect selection driven by key conserved self-antigens. In mice, B-1a B cells are a major source of NAbs. A significant fraction of the B-1a antibody repertoire is devoid of N nucleotides in H chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR-H3) and, thus, completely germline encoded. To test the role of germline DH sequence on the self-reactivity profile of the NAb repertoire, we examined the composition and self-antigen specificity of NAbs produced by a panel of DH gene-targeted BALB/c mice, each strain of which expresses a polyclonal, altered CDR-H3 repertoire that differs from the wild-type norm. We found that in most cases the same key self-antigens were recognized by the NAbs created by each DH-altered strain. The differences in reactivity appeared to represent the genetic signature of the NAb repertoire of each mouse strain. These findings suggest that although germline CDR-H3 sequence may facilitate the production of certain NAbs, a core set of self-antigens are likely the main force driving the selection of Nab self-specificities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre M. Vale
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Immunobiology, Laboratory of Immunereceptors and Signaling, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecília B. Cavazzoni
- Program in Immunobiology, Laboratory of Immunereceptors and Signaling, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Nobrega
- Department of Immunology, Paulo de Goes Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Harry W. Schroeder
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Harmon DB, Srikakulapu P, Kaplan JL, Oldham SN, McSkimming C, Garmey JC, Perry HM, Kirby JL, Prohaska TA, Gonen A, Hallowell P, Schirmer B, Tsimikas S, Taylor AM, Witztum JL, McNamara CA. Protective Role for B-1b B Cells and IgM in Obesity-Associated Inflammation, Glucose Intolerance, and Insulin Resistance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:682-91. [PMID: 26868208 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the role(s) B cells play in obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. This study used a mouse with B-cell-specific deletion of Id3 (Id3(Bcell KO)) to identify B-cell functions involved in the metabolic consequences of obesity. APPROACH AND RESULTS Diet-induced obese Id3(Bcell KO) mice demonstrated attenuated inflammation and insulin resistance in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and improved systemic glucose tolerance. VAT in Id3(Bcell KO) mice had increased B-1b B cells and elevated IgM natural antibodies to oxidation-specific epitopes. B-1b B cells reduced cytokine production in VAT M1 macrophages, and adoptively transferred B-1b B cells trafficked to VAT and produced natural antibodies for the duration of 13-week studies. B-1b B cells null for Id3 demonstrated increased proliferation, established larger populations in Rag1(-/-) VAT, and attenuated diet-induced glucose intolerance and VAT insulin resistance in Rag1(-/-) hosts. However, transfer of B-1b B cells unable to secrete IgM had no effect on glucose tolerance. In an obese human population, results provided the first evidence that B-1 cells are enriched in human VAT and IgM antibodies to oxidation-specific epitopes inversely correlated with inflammation and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS NAb-producing B-1b B cells are increased in Id3(Bcell KO) mice and attenuate adipose tissue inflammation and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Additional findings are the first to identify VAT as a reservoir for human B-1 cells and to link anti-inflammatory IgM antibodies with reduced inflammation and improved metabolic phenotype in obese humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Harmon
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Jennifer L Kaplan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Stephanie N Oldham
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Chantel McSkimming
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - James C Garmey
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Heather M Perry
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Jennifer L Kirby
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Thomas A Prohaska
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Peter Hallowell
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Bruce Schirmer
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Angela M Taylor
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (D.B.H., P.S., J.L.K., S.N.O., C.M.S., J.C.G., H.M.P., C.A.M.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetics (D.B.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (P.S., A.M.T., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (J.L.K., H.M.P.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (J.L.K.), Department of Surgery (P.H., B.S.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (T.A.P., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.).
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vaz NM. Self-tolerance revisited. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 55:128-132. [PMID: 27200443 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsc.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
|
19
|
Khobondo JO, Nieuwland MGB, Webb LE, Bokkers EAM, Parmentier HK. Natural (auto)antibodies in calves are affected by age and diet. Vet Q 2015; 35:64-75. [PMID: 25671329 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2015.1009657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural autoantibodies (N(a)ab) were found in every species tested so far, and are likely important in maintaining homeostasis. OBJECTIVES (1) To determine N(a)ab in Bos taurus calves, (2) evaluate effects of diet and age on N(a)ab binding repertoires in calves, and (3) delineate bovine liver cell lysate (BLL) antigens related with variation in rumen score and body weight. ANIMALS AND METHODS Effects of age and diet on staining of BLL fragments by IgM and IgG antibodies in serum samples collected at 20 or at 26 weeks of age from bull calves either fed a restricted or ad libitum diet were analyzed using quantitative Western blotting. Correlations between fragments stained and grouping of calves were done by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Redundancy analysis (RDA) was done to relate rumen score and body weight variation at slaughter at 27 weeks of age with stained BLL fragments. RESULTS In sera from all calves IgM and IgG antibodies binding BLL antigens were found. Corresponding fragments were stained, but quantitative differences in staining intensities were related to diet and age for both IgM and IgG. PCA revealed that age had a greater influence than diet on BLL fragment staining. RDA suggested that staining by IgM or IgG of specific BLL fragments was related with variation in rumen score and body weight. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Analyses of N(a)ab in serum could be a potential tool to estimate the health status of cattle, and be used to evaluate effects of husbandry practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel O Khobondo
- a Ministry of Agriculture , Livestock and Fisheries, Dairy Training Institute , Naivasha , Kenya
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Utility of Autoantibodies as Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Staging of Neurodegenerative Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 122:1-51. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
21
|
Sedykh MA, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Polyreactivity of natural antibodies: Exchange by HL-fragments. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:1305-1320. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913120018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|
22
|
Veneri D, Franchini M, Vella A, Tridente G, Semenzato G, Pizzolo G, Ortolani R. Changes of human B and B-1a peripheral blood lymphocytes with age. Hematology 2013; 12:337-41. [PMID: 17654062 DOI: 10.1080/10245330701255270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2057 consecutive subjects admitted to the Department of Pathology, Section of Immunology of the Verona University Hospital, CD19+ and CD5/CD19 double positive cells were determined to assess the behaviour of total peripheral B-lymphocytes and B-1a (CD5+) compartments in humans during aging. We show that the absolute number of total B lymphocytes increases about three-fold from the baseline conditions in the first year of life and progressively decreases until adult age. A slower decrease was detected from the adult age onwards. A similar behaviour has been observed within the B-1a subset of B-lymphocytes, although the decrease after the adult age seems more pronounced. Possible physiological explanations and/or implications for the disease states are taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dino Veneri
- Section of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Takashima S, Nishii N, Hachisu T, Kojima M, Kigure-Hoshino M, Ogawa S, Suzuki T, Iwasawa A, Ohba Y, Kitagawa H. Natural anti-insulin autoantibodies in cats: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of plasma anti-insulin IgG and its concentrations in domestic cats. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:886-90. [PMID: 24054858 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-insulin immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been found in the sera of healthy cats. To determine the concentrations of these antibodies, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-insulin IgG was developed. ELISA maintained the linearity of a standard concentration line between 67.5 and 2160 ng/ml. The coefficients of variances (CVs) of intra-assays in two different plasma samples were 4.0% and 3.7%, respectively. The inter-assay CVs in two different plasma samples were 5.1% and 6.9%, respectively. The dilution curves of two samples were rectilinear. Anti-insulin IgG was detected in all 84 of the healthy cats that were tested. Plasma anti-insulin IgG concentrations ranged from 80 to 1578 μg/ml, with a median concentration of 221 μg/ml, and this value correlated positively with total plasma IgG concentrations (r=0.383, p<0.01). In an intravenous glucose tolerance test, plasma anti-insulin IgG concentrations did not alter, even with changes in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. The ELISA that was developed was able to determine plasma anti-insulin IgG in domestic cats, and confirmed that all healthy cats had plasma anti-insulin IgG. Determining the plasma concentrations of anti-insulin IgG in cats with various pathological conditions might clarify the role of anti-insulin IgG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takashima
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Djoumerska-Alexieva I, Manoylov I, Dimitrov JD, Tchorbanov A. Serum or breast milk immunoglobulins mask the self-reactivity of human natural IgG antibodies. APMIS 2013; 122:329-40. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iglika Djoumerska-Alexieva
- Department of Immunology; Stefan Angelov Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Iliyan Manoylov
- Department of Immunology; Stefan Angelov Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Jordan D. Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers; Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, UMRS 872; Paris France
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872; Paris France
- INSERM, U872; Paris France
| | - Andrey Tchorbanov
- Department of Immunology; Stefan Angelov Institute of Microbiology; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Sofia Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stojkovic A, Kosanovic D, Maslovaric I, Jovanova-Nesic K. Role of inactivated influenza vaccine in regulation of autoimmune processes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:139-47. [PMID: 23865440 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.826658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is characterized by appearance of anti-myelin autoantibodies in the blood and with the increased expression of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I and II antigens in the brain tissue. Although there is an evidence of possible linkage between influenza vaccination and development of autoimmune processes, the precise mechanisms of action of this vaccine on EAE-induction is still unclear. In this study, effects of influenza vaccine on clinical sign, antimyelin antibody titer in the blood by ELISA test and expression of MHC class I and II molecules immunohistochemistry were examined in the brain of C57BL mice with EAE. EAE was induced by MOG 35-55 protein in 16 of 32 mice. Influenza split vaccine was administered to eight MOG-induced EAE mice and to eight previously nontreated mice. A significant increase of anti-influenza antibody was detected in vaccinated mice compared to nontreated mice. Also, significant increase of antimyelin antibodies was detected in mice with EAE compared to vaccinated group without EAE and control group, respectively. In EAE-influenza vaccinated mice, a mild but not significant increase of antimyelin antibodies was detected, compared to EAE mice. High expression of MHC-II and mild expression of MHC-I were detected in the brain of mice with EAE. No expressions were detected in vaccinated and normal intact brains. Similar staining was found between EAE-vaccinated and EAE group in both MHC-I and MHC-II expression. The results obtained show that influenza vaccine has no significant influence on EAE induction and severity of autoimmune processes.
Collapse
|
26
|
Vale AM, Kapoor P, Skibinski GA, Elgavish A, Mahmoud TI, Zemlin C, Zemlin M, Burrows PD, Nobrega A, Kearney JF, Briles DE, Schroeder HW. The link between antibodies to OxLDL and natural protection against pneumococci depends on D(H) gene conservation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:875-90. [PMID: 23589567 PMCID: PMC3646500 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Germline DH sequences are required for the generation of natural antibodies reactive to bacterial phosphorylcholine but not for those reactive to self-antigen. Selection and physiological production of protective natural antibodies (NAbs) have been associated with exposure to endogenous antigens. The extent to which this association depends on germline NAb sequence is uncertain. Here we show that alterations in germline DH sequence can sever the association between the production of self-reactive NAbs and NAbs that afford protection against a pathogen. In unmanipulated hosts, the availability of the evolutionarily conserved DFL16.1 gene segment sequence profoundly affected the serum levels of NAbs against bacterial phosphorylcholine but not oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Mice with partially altered DFL16.1 sequence could use N nucleotides to recreate the amino acid sequence associated with the classical protective T15 idiotype–positive NAbs, whereas those without DFL16.1 could not. DFL16.1 gene–deficient mice proved more susceptible to challenge with live Streptococcus pneumoniae. Our findings indicate that although production of self-reactive NAbs can be independent of germline DH sequence, their capacity to provide protection against pathogens cannot. The potential relevance of these findings for the rational design of vaccines is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre M Vale
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Natural IgG autoantibodies are abundant and ubiquitous in human sera, and their number is influenced by age, gender, and disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60726. [PMID: 23589757 PMCID: PMC3617628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of self-reactive IgG autoantibodies in human sera is largely thought to represent a breakdown in central tolerance and is typically regarded as a harbinger of autoimmune pathology. In the present study, immune-response profiling of human serum from 166 individuals via human protein microarrays demonstrates that IgG autoantibodies are abundant in all human serum, usually numbering in the thousands. These IgG autoantibodies bind to human antigens from organs and tissues all over the body and their serum diversity is strongly influenced by age, gender, and the presence of specific diseases. We also found that serum IgG autoantibody profiles are unique to an individual and remarkably stable over time. Similar profiles exist in rat and swine, suggesting conservation of this immunological feature among mammals. The number, diversity, and apparent evolutionary conservation of autoantibody profiles suggest that IgG autoantibodies have some important, as yet unrecognized, physiological function. We propose that IgG autoantibodies have evolved as an adaptive mechanism for debris-clearance, a function consistent with their apparent utility as diagnostic indicators of disease as already established for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
Collapse
|
28
|
Darzentas N, Stamatopoulos K. The Significance of Stereotyped B-Cell Receptors in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013; 27:237-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
29
|
Toumi A, Saleh MA, Yamagami J, Abida O, Kallel M, Masmoudi A, Makni S, Turki H, Hachiya T, Kuroda K, Stanley JR, Masmoudi H, Amagai M. Autoimmune reactivity against precursor form of desmoglein 1 in healthy Tunisians in the area of endemic pemphigus foliaceus. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 70:19-25. [PMID: 23489520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), the pemphigus foliaceus (PF) antigen, is produced as a precursor (preDsg1) and is transported to the cell surface as the mature form (matDsg1). Recent studies show that B cells from North American individuals without pemphigus can potentially produce anti-preDsg1 IgG antibodies, but ELISA screening of large numbers of normal people in North America and Japan hardly ever shows circulating antibodies against preDsg1 or matDsg1. In contrast, in Tunisia, where PF is endemic, anti-Dsg1 IgGs are frequently detected in healthy individuals. OBJECTIVE To characterize these anti-Dsg1 antibodies from normal individuals in Tunisia. METHODS Sera from 16 healthy individuals and 9 PF patients in the endemic PF area in Tunisia, and sera from Japanese non-endemic PF patients were analyzed by immunoprecipitation-immunoblotting using recombinant proteins of preDsg1, matDsg1, and domain-swapped Dsg1/Dsg2 molecules. RESULTS Sera from normal Tunisian individuals reacted to preDsg1 alone (8/16) or more strongly to preDsg1 than to matDsg1 (7/16), while those from all Tunisian PF patients and Japanese non-endemic PF patients reacted similarly to preDsg1 and matDsg1, or preferentially to matDsg1. The epitopes recognized by anti-Dsg1 IgGs from normal Tunisian individuals were more frequently found in the C-terminal extracellular domains (EC3 to EC5), while those in Tunisian endemic PF patients were more widely distributed throughout the extracellular domains, suggesting IgGs against EC1 and EC2 developed during disease progression. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that IgG autoantibodies against Dsg1 are mostly raised against preDsg1 and/or C-terminal domains of Dsg1 in healthy Tunisians in the endemic area of PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Toumi
- Department of Immunology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mannoor K, Xu Y, Chen C. Natural autoantibodies and associated B cells in immunity and autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2012.748753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
31
|
Nydegger UE, Hauser SP. Use of Intravenous Immunoglobulins in Haematological Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03259341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Prabakaran P, Chen W, Singarayan MG, Stewart CC, Streaker E, Feng Y, Dimitrov DS. Expressed antibody repertoires in human cord blood cells: 454 sequencing and IMGT/HighV-QUEST analysis of germline gene usage, junctional diversity, and somatic mutations. Immunogenetics 2012; 64:337-50. [PMID: 22200891 PMCID: PMC6953429 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human cord blood cell-derived IgM antibodies are important for the neonate immune responses and construction of germline-based immunoglobulin libraries. Several previous studies of a relatively small number of sequences found that they exhibit restrictions in the usage of germline genes and in the diversity of the variable heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 compared to adults. To further characterize such restrictions on a larger scale and to compare the early B-cell diversity to adult IgM repertoires, we performed 454 sequencing and IMGT/HighV-QUEST analysis of cord blood IG libraries from two babies and determined germline gene usage, V-D-J rearrangement, VHCDR3 diversity, and somatic mutations to characterize human neonate repertoire. Most of the germline subgroups were identified with frequencies comparable to those present in the adult IgM repertoire except for the IGHV1-2 gene that was preferentially expressed in the cord blood cells. The gene usage diversity contributed to 1,430 unique IGH V-D-J rearrangement patterns while the exonuclease trimming and N region addition at the V-D-J junctions along with gene diversity created a wide range of VHCDR3 with different lengths and sequence variability. We observed a lower degree of somatic mutations in the CDR and framework regions of antibodies from cord blood cells compared to adults. These results provide insights into the characteristics of human cord blood antibody repertoires, which have gene usage diversity and VHCDR3 lengths similar to that of the adult IgM repertoire but differ significantly in some of the gene usages, V-D-J rearrangements, junctional diversity, and somatic mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ponraj Prabakaran
- Protein Interactions Group, Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Frederick, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bldg 469, Rm 150B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fesel C. Coreferentiality: a new method for the hypothesis-based analysis of phenotypes characterized by multivariate data. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33990. [PMID: 22479494 PMCID: PMC3315514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many multifactorial biologic effects, particularly in the context of complex human diseases, are still poorly understood. At the same time, the systematic acquisition of multivariate data has become increasingly easy. The use of such data to analyze and model complex phenotypes, however, remains a challenge. Here, a new analytic approach is described, termed coreferentiality, together with an appropriate statistical test. Coreferentiality is the indirect relation of two variables of functional interest in respect to whether they parallel each other in their respective relatedness to multivariate reference data, which can be informative for a complex effect or phenotype. It is shown that the power of coreferentiality testing is comparable to multiple regression analysis, sufficient even when reference data are informative only to a relatively small extent of 2.5%, and clearly exceeding the power of simple bivariate correlation testing. Thus, coreferentiality testing uses the increased power of multivariate analysis, however, in order to address a more straightforward interpretable bivariate relatedness. Systematic application of this approach could substantially improve the analysis and modeling of complex phenotypes, particularly in the context of human study where addressing functional hypotheses by direct experimentation is often difficult.
Collapse
|
34
|
Compensatory T-cell regulation in unaffected relatives of SLE patients, and opposite IL-2/CD25-mediated effects suggested by coreferentiality modeling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33992. [PMID: 22479496 PMCID: PMC3315511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), diverse autoantibodies accumulate over years before disease manifestation. Unaffected relatives of SLE patients frequently share a sustained production of autoantibodies with indiscriminable specificity, usually without ever acquiring the disease. We studied relations of IgG autoantibody profiles and peripheral blood activated regulatory T-cells (aTregs), represented by CD4+CD25bright T-cells that were regularly 70–90% Foxp3+. We found consistent positive correlations of broad-range as well as specific SLE-associated IgG with aTreg frequencies within unaffected relatives, but not patients or unrelated controls. Our interpretation: unaffected relatives with shared genetic factors compensated pathogenic effects by aTregs engaged in parallel with the individual autoantibody production. To study this further, we applied a novel analytic approach named coreferentiality that tests the indirect relatedness of parameters in respect to multivariate phenotype data. Results show that independently of their direct correlation, aTreg frequencies and specific SLE-associated IgG were likely functionally related in unaffected relatives: they significantly parallelled each other in their relations to broad-range immunoblot autoantibody profiles. In unaffected relatives, we also found coreferential effects of genetic variation in the loci encoding IL-2 and CD25. A model of CD25 functional genetic effects constructed by coreferentiality maximization suggests that IL-2-CD25 interaction, likely stimulating aTregs in unaffected relatives, had an opposed effect in SLE patients, presumably triggering primarily T-effector cells in this group. Coreferentiality modeling as we do it here could also be useful in other contexts, particularly to explore combined functional genetic effects.
Collapse
|
35
|
Human poly- and cross-reactive anti-viral antibodies and their impact on protection and pathology. Immunol Res 2012; 53:148-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
36
|
Klimovich VB. IgM and its receptors: structural and functional aspects. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:534-49. [PMID: 21639833 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911050038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review combines the data obtained before the beginning of the 1990s with results published during the last two decades. The predominant form of the IgM molecule is a closed ring composed of five 7S subunits and a J chain. The new model of spatial structure of the pentamer postulates nonplanar mushroom-shaped form of the molecule with the plane formed by a radially-directed Fab regions and central protruding portion consisting of Cµ4 domains. Up to the year 2000 the only known Fc-receptor for IgM was pIgR. Interaction of IgM with pIgR results in secretory IgM formation, whose functions are poorly studied. The receptor designated as Fcα/µR is able to bind IgM and IgA. It is expressed on lymphocytes, follicular dendritic cells, and macrophages. A receptor binding IgM only named FcµR has also been described. It is expressed on T- and B-lymphocytes. The discovery of new Fc-receptors for IgM requires revision of notions that interactions between humoral reactions involving IgM and the cells of the immune system are mediated exclusively by complement receptors. In the whole organism, apart from IgM induced by immunization, natural antibodies (NA) are present and comprise in adults a considerable part of the circulating IgM. NA are polyreactive, germ-line-encoded, and emerge during embryogenesis without apparent antigenic stimuli. They demonstrate a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and serve as first line of defense against microbial and viral infections. NA may be regarded as a transitional molecular form from invariable receptors of innate immunity to highly diverse receptors of adaptive immunity. By means of interaction with autoantigens, NA participate in maintenance of immunological tolerance and in clearance of dying cells. At the same time, NA may act as a pathogenic factor in atherosclerotic lesion formation and in development of tissue damage due to ischemia/reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V B Klimovich
- Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, St. Petersburg.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jesus AA, Liphaus BL, Silva CA, Bando SY, Andrade LEC, Coutinho A, Carneiro-Sampaio M. Complement and antibody primary immunodeficiency in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2011; 20:1275-84. [PMID: 21813590 DOI: 10.1177/0961203311411598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) patients. METHODS Some 72 JSLE patients were analyzed for levels of immunoglobulin classes and IgG subclasses and early components of the classical complement pathway. Determination of C4 gene copy number (GCN) and detection of type I C2 deficiency (D) were also performed. RESULTS PID was identified in 16 patients (22%): C2D in three, C4D in three, C1qD in two, IgG2D (<20 mg/dl) in four, IgAD (<7 mg/dl) in three, and IgMD (<35 mg/dl) in three; one of these patients presented IgA, C2 and C4D. Two patients had low C4 GCN and two had type I C2D. Demographic data, family history of autoimmune disease and PID, JSLE clinical findings, occurrence of infections, disease activity and therapies were similar in patients with and without PID (p > 0.05). Remarkably, the median of Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR-damage index (SLICC/ACR-DI) was significantly higher in JSLE patients with PID compared with patients without these abnormalities (p = 0.0033), likewise the high frequency of SLICC/ACR-DI > 1 (p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS A high frequency of PID was observed in JSLE patients, suggesting that these defects may contribute to lupus development. Our findings indicate that these two groups of PID should be investigated in severe pediatric lupus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Jesus
- Children's Hospital, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tamby MC, Servettaz A, Tamas N, Reinbolt J, Caux F, Meyer O, Allanore Y, Kahan A, Guillevin L, Mouthon L. IgG from patients with systemic sclerosis bind to DNA antitopoisomerase 1 in normal human fibroblasts extracts. Biologics 2011; 2:583-91. [PMID: 19707389 PMCID: PMC2721369 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
By using a semi-quantitative immunoblotting technique, we have analyzed serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivities of patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis and anticentromere antibodies, patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis and antitopoisomerase 1 antibodies, patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis without antitopoisomerase 1 or anticentromere antibodies and age- and gender-matched healthy controls with normal human skin fibroblasts and HEp-2 cells antigens. Serum IgG reactivities of patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis and antitopoisomerase 1 antibodies differed significantly from those of healthy controls or systemic sclerosis patients in other groups for reactivity with fibroblast proteins. IgG from patients with antitopoisomerase 1 antibodies bound to a 90 kDa fibroblast band and to a 100 kDa protein band in a HEp-2 cell protein extract. These two bands were further identified as DNA topoisomerase 1. Our results indicate that IgG from patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis bind DNA topoisomerase 1 in normal human fibroblasts extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu C Tamby
- Paris-Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, UPRES-EA 4058, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kotlan B, Stroncek DF, Marincola FM. Intravenous immunoglobulin-based immunotherapy: an arsenal of possibilities for patients and science. Immunotherapy 2011; 1:995-1015. [PMID: 20635915 DOI: 10.2217/imt.09.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) concentrated from pooled healthy donors' plasma has gained increasing popularity. IVIG therapy has become important as a replacement therapy in primary and acquired humoral immunodeficiencies, and it has been extended to autoimmune, neurodegenerative and inflammatory conditions and transplantation therapy. Recurrent pregnancy failure and cancer are rather new platforms, where IVIG has shown its beneficial effects. This manuscript is focused on these two off-labelled usages. The immunomodulatory mechanisms of IVIG therapy appear as a coordinated orchestration of different functions, resulting in a synergistic effect. Treatment monitoring and detailed molecular analyses reveal how such treatments may interfere with disease pathogenesis. These finding may foster the development of novel therapeutic and/or preventive strategies. Studying this field with bidirectional bench-to-bedside and bedside-to-bench approaches fit well into 'the two-way road' paradigm of translational medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Kotlan
- Center of Surgical & Molecular Tumorpathology National Institute of Oncology, Rath Gy street 7-9, Budapest 1122, Hungary.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rapaka RR, Ricks DM, Alcorn JF, Chen K, Khader SA, Zheng M, Plevy S, Bengtén E, Kolls JK. Conserved natural IgM antibodies mediate innate and adaptive immunity against the opportunistic fungus Pneumocystis murina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:2907-19. [PMID: 21149550 PMCID: PMC3005228 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural IgM antibodies in diverse species recognize conserved carbohydrates in fungal cell walls and influence early host defense against Pneumocystis in mice. Host defense against opportunistic fungi requires coordination between innate and adaptive immunity for resolution of infection. Antibodies generated in mice vaccinated with the fungus Pneumocystis prevent growth of Pneumocystis organisms within the lungs, but the mechanisms whereby antibodies enhance antifungal host defense are poorly defined. Nearly all species of fungi contain the conserved carbohydrates β-glucan and chitin within their cell walls, which may be targets of innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we show that natural IgM antibodies targeting these fungal cell wall carbohydrates are conserved across many species, including fish and mammals. Natural antibodies bind fungal organisms and enhance host defense against Pneumocystis in early stages of infection. IgM antibodies influence recognition of fungal antigen by dendritic cells, increasing their migration to draining pulmonary lymph nodes. IgM antibodies are required for adaptive T helper type 2 (Th2) and Th17 cell differentiation and guide B cell isotype class-switch recombination during host defense against Pneumocystis. These experiments suggest a novel role for the IgM isotype in shaping the earliest steps in recognition and clearance of this fungus. We outline a mechanism whereby serum IgM, containing ancient specificities against conserved fungal antigens, bridges innate and adaptive immunity against fungal organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rekha R Rapaka
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bayry J, Misra N, Dasgupta S, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Kazatchkine MD, Kaveri SV. Natural autoantibodies: immune homeostasis and therapeutic intervention. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 1:213-22. [PMID: 20476935 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.1.2.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The importance of natural autoantibodies reacting with self-antigens has long been neglected, as tolerance to self was believed to be primarily dependent on the deletion of autoreactive clones during ontogeny. However, it is now well established that autoreactive antibodies and B- and T-cells are present in healthy individuals. Research into the properties of natural autoantibodies and their role in immune homeostasis has been extensively investigated for a number of years. This information should lead towards the therapeutic exploitation of natural autoantibodies in the immunotherapy of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut des Cordeliers, INSERM U681, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Djoumerska-Alexieva IK, Dimitrov JD, Voynova EN, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Kaveri SV, Vassilev TL. Exposure of IgG to an acidic environment results in molecular modifications and in enhanced protective activity in sepsis. FEBS J 2010; 277:3039-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
43
|
Nishii N, Takasu M, Kojima M, Hachisu T, Wakabayashi K, Iwasawa A, Maeda S, Ohba Y, Kitagawa H. Presence of anti-insulin natural autoantibodies in healthy cats and its interference with immunoassay for serum insulin concentrations. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2010; 38:138-45. [PMID: 19850439 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A substance interfering with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for feline insulin concentration was investigated in healthy cats. An insulin-binding substance isolated from feline serum showed 2 bands at 25 and 50 kDa in SDS-PAGE, suggesting the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Insulin-binding IgG from healthy cats indeed reduced insulin immunoreactivity in the ELISA for determining insulin concentration. The insulin-binding IgG was polyclonal/polyreactive and showed certain specificity, high affinity, and high binding capacity, which was evaluated by liquid-phase radioimmunoassay with Scatchard plot analysis. Epitope analysis revealed that the insulin-binding IgG showed significant binding at residues A1-5 and B20-30 of the insulin molecule. Removal of the antibodies from serum enabled the determination of serum insulin concentrations by ELISA. Our data indicated that serum from healthy cats contained substantial amounts of natural autoantibodies combined with insulin, and that the antibodies interfered with the heterologous immunoassay for serum insulin concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Nishii
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yamagami J, Kacir S, Ishii K, Payne AS, Siegel DL, Stanley JR. Antibodies to the desmoglein 1 precursor proprotein but not to the mature cell surface protein cloned from individuals without pemphigus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:5615-21. [PMID: 19843946 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In pemphigus foliaceus (PF), autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) cause blisters. Using Ab phage display, we have cloned mAbs from a PF patient. These mAbs, like those from a previous patient, were directed against mature Dsg1 (matDsg1) on the cell surface of keratinocytes and precursor Dsg1 (preDsg1) in the cytoplasm. To determine whether individuals without pemphigus have B cell tolerance to Dsg1, we cloned mAbs from two patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and a healthy person. We found mAbs against preDsg1, but not matDsg1. All but 1 of the 23 anti-preDsg1 mAbs from PF patients and those without PF used the VH3-09 (or closely related VH3-20) H chain gene, whereas no PF anti-matDsg1 used these genes. V(H) cDNA encoding anti-preDsg1 had significantly fewer somatic mutations than did anti-matDsg1 cDNA, consistent with chronic Ag-driven hypermutation of the latter compared with the former. These data indicate that individuals without PF do not have B cell tolerance to preDsg1 and that loss of tolerance to matDsg1 is not due to epitope shifting of anti-preDsg1 B cells (because of different V(H) gene usage). However, presentation of peptides from Dsg1 by preDsg1-specific B cells may be one step in developing autoimmunity in PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yamagami
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Racine R, Winslow GM. IgM in microbial infections: taken for granted? Immunol Lett 2009; 125:79-85. [PMID: 19539648 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Much has been learned about the structure, function, and production of IgM, since the antibody's initial characterization. It is widely accepted that IgM provides a first line of defense during microbial infections, prior to the generation of adaptive, high-affinity IgG responses that are important for long-lived immunity and immunological memory. Although IgM responses are commonly used as a measure of exposure to infectious diseases, it is perhaps surprising that the role of and requirement for IgM in many microbial infections has not been well explored in vivo. This is in part due to the lack of capabilities, until relatively recently, to evaluate the requirement for IgM in the absence of coincident IgG responses. Such evaluations are now possible, using gene-targeted mouse strains that produce only IgM, or isotype-switched IgG. A number of studies have revealed that IgM, produced either innately, or in response to antigen challenge, plays an important and perhaps under appreciated role in many microbial infections. Moreover, the characterization of the roles of various B cell subsets, in the production of IgM, and in host defense, has revealed important and divergent roles for B-1a and B-1b cells. This review will highlight studies in which IgM, in its own right, has been found to play an important role, not only in early immunity, but also in long-term protection, against a variety of microbial pathogens. Observations that long-lived IgM responses can be generated in vivo suggest that it may be feasible to target IgM production as part of vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Racine
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chou MY, Fogelstrand L, Hartvigsen K, Hansen LF, Woelkers D, Shaw PX, Choi J, Perkmann T, Bäckhed F, Miller YI, Hörkkö S, Corr M, Witztum JL, Binder CJ. Oxidation-specific epitopes are dominant targets of innate natural antibodies in mice and humans. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:1335-49. [PMID: 19363291 DOI: 10.1172/jci36800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of oxidized lipoproteins and apoptotic cells. Adaptive immune responses to various oxidation-specific epitopes play an important role in atherogenesis. However, accumulating evidence suggests that these epitopes are also recognized by innate receptors, such as scavenger receptors on macrophages, and plasma proteins, such as C-reactive protein (CRP). Here, we provide multiple lines of evidence that oxidation-specific epitopes constitute a dominant, previously unrecognized target of natural Abs (NAbs) in both mice and humans. Using reconstituted mice expressing solely IgM NAbs, we have shown that approximately 30% of all NAbs bound to model oxidation-specific epitopes, as well as to atherosclerotic lesions and apoptotic cells. Because oxidative processes are ubiquitous, we hypothesized that these epitopes exert selective pressure to expand NAbs, which in turn play an important role in mediating homeostatic functions consequent to inflammation and cell death, as demonstrated by their ability to facilitate apoptotic cell clearance. These findings provide novel insights into the functions of NAbs in mediating host homeostasis and into their roles in health and diseases, such as chronic inflammatory diseases and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yun Chou
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pozsonyi E, György B, Berki T, Bánlaki Z, Buzás E, Rajczy K, Hossó A, Prohászka Z, Szilágyi A, Cervenak L, Füst G. HLA-association of serum levels of natural antibodies. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:1416-23. [PMID: 19167759 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural antibodies of IgM or IgG types are present in sera of most healthy individuals and are important participants of the immune response. Little is known, however, about the genetic regulation of their plasma levels in humans. We determined the concentrations of three IgM type natural autoantibodies (NAAbs) reactive to certain conserved self-antigens (citrate synthase (A-CIT), chondroitin sulphate C (A-COS) and 60 kDa heat shock proteins (A-HSP) in the sera of 78 healthy individuals and in their 86 children. In case of all the 164 individuals alleles of several polymorphisms were determined in class II (HLA-DQ, -DR), class III (AGER-429T>C, HSP70-2 1267A>G, TNF-308G>A, CFB S/F, copy number of the C4A and C4B genes), and class I (HLA-A, -B) regions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Since the samples originated from a family study, extended MHC haplotypes were also determined for each study participant. Our results show that children of parents with low NAAb concentration have significantly lower serum concentrations of all the three NAAbs, as compared to offsprings of parents without reduced serum concentration. This indicates that the serum levels of these NAAbs were partly regulated by factors which are inherited from the parents to offsprings. In further studies performed only in genetically independent parents, we found significant differences in the serum levels of the IgM type A-CIT and A-COS antibodies (Abs) between carriers and non-carriers of the HLA-DR2 (15 and 16) antigens. In both cases the Ab concentrations were higher in the HLA-DR15 carriers (p=0.002 and p=0.008, respectively) and lower in DR16 carriers (p=0.029 and p=0.049, respectively) than in the non-carriers. Even more significant differences were found when the levels of two Abs were evaluated together. Frequency of the DR15 carriers was significantly lower among subjects with one or two low (in the lowest quartile) titers of A-CIT/A-COS Abs (p=0.014), A-CIT/A-HSP Abs (p=0.016) and A-COS/A-HSP Abs (p=0.013) as compared to those with normal Ab titers for both antigens. By contrast, frequency of the DR16 carriers was significantly higher among subjects with one or two low A-CIT/A-COS Abs (p=0.001), A-CIT/A-HSP Abs (p=0.002) and A-COS/A-HSP Abs (p=0.021) as compared to those with normal Ab titers for both antigens. Similar differences were found for both IgM type antibodies when carriers and non-carriers of the HLA-DR15-DQ6 and HLA-DR16-DQ5 haplotypes were considered. These novel observations indicate that not only adaptive immune response but also natural autoantibody pattern, as a part of innate immune response, is influenced by the MHC allele composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pozsonyi
- National Blood Transfusion Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Servettaz A, Guilpain P, Camoin L, Mayeux P, Broussard C, Tamby MC, Tamas N, Kaveri SV, Guillevin L, Mouthon L. Identification of target antigens of antiendothelial cell antibodies in healthy individuals: A proteomic approach. Proteomics 2008; 8:1000-8. [PMID: 18240136 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify target antigens of anti-endothelial cell (anti-EC) antibodies (AECA) in healthy individuals, we have used a proteomic approach combining 2-DE and immunoblotting. Whole cell protein extracts obtained from human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) cultures were used as a source of antigens. Serum IgG from 12 healthy blood donors were tested at a concentration of 200 microg/mL. Targeted spots were identified by MS. The HUVEC proteome was composed of 884 protein spots. Among these, 61 +/- 25.8 (mean +/- SD) spots were recognized by serum IgG from healthy individuals, with marked differences from one individual to another. Among these spots, 11 were recognized by serum IgG from all healthy individuals tested. These spots corresponded to six different proteins with several spots corresponding to different isoforms of the same protein. Target antigens were: cytoskeletal proteins (beta-actin, alpha-tubulin, and vimentin); glycolytic enzymes (glucose-3-phosphate-deshydrogenase and alpha-enolase); and prolyl-4-hydroxylase beta subunit, a member of the disulfide isomerase family. This study shows that the repertoire of IgG AECA is heterogeneous among healthy individuals. IgG from all of the healthy individuals tested recognized a restricted set of highly conserved ubiquitous proteins playing key roles in cell biology and maintenance of homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Servettaz
- Faculté de Médecine, UPRES-EA 4058, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Czömpöly T, Olasz K, Nyárády Z, Simon D, Bovári J, Németh P. Detailed analyses of antibodies recognizing mitochondrial antigens suggest similar or identical mechanism for production of natural antibodies and natural autoantibodies. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 7:463-7. [PMID: 18558363 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Because of their endosymbiotic evolutionary origin, proteins compartmentalized into mitochondria represent an interesting transition from prokaryotic foreign to essential self molecules. We investigated the presence of naturally occurring antibodies (nAbs) recognizing mitochondrial inner membrane enzymes. Epitope mapping analysis of a mitochondrial inner membrane enzyme, citrate synthase (CS) by synthetic overlapping peptides and phage display libraries using sera from healthy individuals and from patients having systemic autoimmune disease revealed CS recognizing nAbs with IgM isotype. We analyzed cross-reactive epitopes on human CS, bacterial CS, and various standard autoantigens. We have found that the fine epitope pattern on CS is different under physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover sera affinity purified on CS cross reacts with nucleosome antigen, which cross-reactivity could be mapped to a short epitope on human CS. These data indicate that in theory, nAbs "specific" for a given self antigen could fulfill the function of participating in innate defense mechanisms and at the same time recognize a target antigen in a systemic autoimmune disease. Thus, at the level of recognized epitopes there is a possible link between the innate like part and the adaptive-autoimmune arm of the humoral immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Czömpöly
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12., H-7633, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Servettaz A, Guilpain P, Tamas N, Kaveri SV, Camoin L, Mouthon L. Natural anti-endothelial cell antibodies. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 7:426-30. [PMID: 18558356 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) are detectable in a heterogenous group of autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. These antibodies have also been detected in healthy individuals. Nevertheless, most of the literature focuses on AECA in pathological conditions and their targets and functions in healthy individuals remain to be clarified. Recently, proteome-based technologies have been successfully used for the identification of antigens targeted by natural AECA. Thus, it has been shown that IgG AECA can be detected in sera from healthy individuals that recognize a restricted set of proteins among a whole protein extract of umbilical vein endothelial cells. These proteins correspond to ubiquitous proteins belonging to highly conserved protein families and exerting pivotal roles in cell physiology, including cytoskeletal proteins (beta actin, vimentin, alpha tubulin) and glycolytic enzymes (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-deshydrogenase and alpha-enolase). As reported for other types of natural autoantibodies, natural AECA could exert anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic functions. In addition, they could play a role in the control of EC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Servettaz
- Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, UPRES-EA 4058, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|