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Roychaudhuri R, West T, Bhattacharya S, Saavedra HG, Lee H, Albacarys L, Gadalla MM, Amzel M, Yang P, Snyder SH. Mammalian D-Cysteine controls insulin secretion in the pancreas. Mol Metab 2024:102043. [PMID: 39368613 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
D-amino acids are being recognized as important molecules in mammals with function. This is a first identification of endogenous D-cysteine in mammalian pancreas. D-cysteine is synthesized by serine racemase (SR) and SR-/- mice produce 6-10 fold higher levels of insulin in the pancreas and plasma including higher glycogen and ketone bodies in the liver. The excess insulin is stored as amyloid in secretory vesicles and exosomes. In glucose stimulated insulin secretion in mouse and human islets, equimolar amount of D-cysteine showed higher inhibition of insulin secretion compared to D-serine, another closely related stereoisomer synthesized by SR. In mouse models of diabetes (Streptozotocin (STZ) and Non Obese Diabetes (NOD) and human pancreas, the diabetic state showed increased expression of D-cysteine compared to D-serine followed by increased expression of SR. SR-/- mice show decreased cAMP in the pancreas, lower DNA methyltransferase enzymatic and promoter activities followed by reduced phosphorylation of CREB (S133), resulting in decreased methylation of the Ins1 promoter. D-cysteine is efficiently metabolized by D-amino acid oxidase and transported by ASCT2 and Asc1. Dietary supplementation with methyl donors restored the high insulin levels and low DNMT enzymatic activity in SR-/- mice. Our data show that endogenous D-cysteine in the mammalian pancreas is a regulator of insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Roychaudhuri
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Birth Defects, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Timothy West
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Department of Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, NY 14642, USA
| | - Harry G Saavedra
- Centro de Investigacion en Bioingenieria, Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia (UTEC), 15063 Lima, Peru
| | - Hangnoh Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lauren Albacarys
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Moataz M Gadalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mario Amzel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Birth Defects, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Solomon H Snyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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2
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Donoso MV, Catalán-Salas V, Pulgar-Sepúlveda R, Eugenín J, Huidobro-Toro JP. Physiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Relevance of D-Amino Acids Dynamics: From Neurochemistry to Pharmacotherapy. CHEM REC 2024:e202400013. [PMID: 39318079 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Over three decades ago, two independent groups of investigators identified free D-aspartic and later D-serine in specific brain nuclei and endocrine glands. This finding revealed a novel, non-proteinogenic role of these molecules. Moreover, the finding that aged proteins from the human eye crystallin, teeth, bone, blood vessels or the brain incorporate D-aspartic acids to specific primary protein sequences fostered the hypothesis that aging might be related to D-amino acid isomerization of body proteins. The experimental confirmation that schizophrenia and neurodegenerative diseases modify plasma free D-amino acids or tissue levelsnurtured the opportunity of using D-amino acids as therapeutic agents for several disease treatments, a strategy that prompted the successful current application of D-amino acids to human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verónica Donoso
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Centro Desarrollo de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Catalán-Salas
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Centro Desarrollo de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Pulgar-Sepúlveda
- Neural System Laboratory, Department Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Eugenín
- Neural System Laboratory, Department Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Pablo Huidobro-Toro
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Centro Desarrollo de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Abdelaziz MA, Chen WH, Chang YW, Mindaye SA, Chen CC. Exploring the role of spinal astrocytes in the onset of hyperalgesic priming signals in acid-induced chronic muscle pain. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae362. [PMID: 39228816 PMCID: PMC11370897 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Hyperalgesic priming, a form of pain plasticity initiated by initial injury, leads to heightened sensitivity to subsequent noxious stimuli, contributing to chronic pain development in animals. While astrocytes play active roles in modulating synaptic transmission in various pain models, their specific involvement in hyperalgesic priming remains elusive. Here, we show that spinal astrocytes are essential for hyperalgesic priming formation in a mouse model of acid-induced muscle pain. We observed spinal astrocyte activation 4 h after initial acid injection, and inhibition of this activation prevented chronic pain development upon subsequent acid injection. Chemogenetic activation of spinal astrocytes mimicked the first acid-induced hyperalgesic priming. We also demonstrated that spinal phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase (pERK)-positive neurons were mainly vesicular glutamate transporter-2 positive (Vglut2+) neurons after the first acid injection, and inhibition of spinal pERK prevented astrocyte activation. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of astrocytic glutamate transporters glutamate transporter-1 and glutamate-aspartate transporter abolished the hyperalgesic priming. Collectively, our results suggest that pERK activation in Vglut2+ neurons activate astrocytes through astrocytic glutamate transporters. This process eventually establishes hyperalgesic priming through spinal D-serine. We conclude that spinal astrocytes play a crucial role in the transition from acute to chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abbas Abdelaziz
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wang Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Selomon Assefa Mindaye
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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4
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Nakade Y, Kinoshita M, Nakada M, Sabit H, Ichinose T, Mita M, Yuno T, Noguchi-Shinohara M, Ono K, Iwata Y, Wada T. Urinary D-asparagine level is decreased by the presence of glioblastoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:122. [PMID: 39164793 PMCID: PMC11337596 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, particularly glioblastomas (GBMs), pose significant challenges due to their aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Early detection through biomarkers is critical for improving outcomes. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers for gliomas, particularly GBMs, using chiral amino acid profiling. We used chiral amino acid analysis to measure amino acid L- and D-isomer levels in resected tissues (tumor and non-tumor), blood, and urine from 33 patients with primary gliomas and 24 healthy volunteers. The levels of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), a D-amino acid-degrading enzyme, were evaluated to investigate the D-amino acid metabolism in brain tissue. The GBM mouse model was created by transplanting GBM cells into the brain to confirm whether gliomas affect blood and urine chiral amino acid profiles. We also assessed whether D-amino acids produced by GBM cells are involved in cell proliferation. D-asparagine (D-Asn) levels were higher and DAO expression was lower in glioma than in non-glioma tissues. Blood and urinary D-Asn levels were lower in patients with GBM than in healthy volunteers (p < 0.001), increasing after GBM removal (p < 0.05). Urinary D-Asn levels differentiated between healthy volunteers and patients with GBM (area under the curve: 0.93, sensitivity: 0.88, specificity: 0.92). GBM mouse model validated the decrease of urinary D-Asn in GBM. GBM cells used D-Asn for cell proliferation. Gliomas induce alterations in chiral amino acid profiles, affecting blood and urine levels. Urinary D-Asn emerges as a promising diagnostic biomarker for gliomas, reflecting tumor presence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakade
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masashi Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Hemragul Sabit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Toshiya Ichinose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masashi Mita
- KAGAMI INC. 7-7-15, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeo Yuno
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
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5
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Arizanovska D, Dallera CA, Folorunso OO, Bush GF, Frye JB, Doyle KP, Jagid JR, Wolosker H, Monaco BA, Cordeiro JG, Atkins CM, Griswold AJ, Liebl DJ. Cognitive dysfunction following brain trauma results from sex-specific reactivation of the developmental pruning processes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.13.607610. [PMID: 39211262 PMCID: PMC11360988 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.13.607610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive losses resulting from severe brain trauma have long been associated with the focal region of tissue damage, leading to devastating functional impairment. For decades, researchers have focused on the sequelae of cellular alterations that exist within the perilesional tissues; however, few clinical trials have been successful. Here, we employed a mouse brain injury model that resulted in expansive synaptic damage to regions outside the focal injury. Our findings demonstrate that synaptic damage results from the prolonged increase in D-serine release from activated microglia and astrocytes, which leads to hyperactivation of perisynaptic NMDARs, tagging of damaged synapses by complement components, and the reactivation of developmental pruning processes. We show that this mechanistic pathway is reversible at several stages within a prolonged and progressive period of synaptic loss. Importantly, these key factors are present in acutely injured brain tissue acquired from patients with brain injury, which supports a therapeutic neuroprotective strategy.
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6
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Marchesani F, Rebecchi F, Pieroni M, Faggiano S, Annunziato G, Spaggiari C, Bruno S, Rinaldi S, Giaccari R, Costantino G, Campanini B. Chemical Probes to Investigate Central Nervous System Disorders: Design, Synthesis and Mechanism of Action of a Potent Human Serine Racemase Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1298-1305. [PMID: 39140049 PMCID: PMC11318019 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate signaling network within the central nervous system (CNS) involving N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) has been recognized as a key player in severe neurodegenerative diseases. The indirect modulation of NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission through inhibition of serine racemase (SR)-the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the NMDAR coagonist d-serine-has been suggested as a therapeutic strategy to treat these conditions. Despite the inherent challenges posed by SR conformational flexibility, a ligand-based drug design strategy has successfully produced a series of potent covalent inhibitors structurally related to amino acid analogues. Among these inhibitors, O-(2-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1-carboxyethyl)hydroxylammonium chloride (28) has emerged as a valuable candidate with a K d of about 5 μM, which makes it one of the most potent hSR inhibitors reported to date. This molecule is expected to inspire the identification of selective hSR inhibitors that might find applications as tools in the study and treatment of several CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Pieroni
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- P4T
Group, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Research Center for the Innovation of Health Products “Biopharmanet-tec”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Centro
Interdipartimentale Misure (CIM) “G. Casnati”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Serena Faggiano
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Institute
of Biophysics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giannamaria Annunziato
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Centro
Interdipartimentale Misure (CIM) “G. Casnati”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Spaggiari
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Research Center for the Innovation of Health Products “Biopharmanet-tec”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sofia Rinaldi
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Giaccari
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Research Center for the Innovation of Health Products “Biopharmanet-tec”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Centro
Interdipartimentale Misure (CIM) “G. Casnati”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Campanini
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Research Center for the Innovation of Health Products “Biopharmanet-tec”, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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7
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Kim H, Choi S, Lee E, Koh W, Lee CJ. Tonic NMDA Receptor Currents in the Brain: Regulation and Cognitive Functions. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:164-175. [PMID: 38490367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Synaptically localized NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play a crucial role in important cognitive functions by mediating synaptic transmission and plasticity. In contrast, a tonic NMDAR current, thought to be mediated by extrasynaptic NMDARs, has a less clear function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of tonic NMDAR currents, focusing on their roles in synaptic transmission/plasticity and their impact on cognitive functions and psychiatric disorders. We discuss the roles of 3 endogenous ligands (i.e., glutamate, glycine, and D-serine) and receptors in mediating tonic NMDAR currents and explore the diverse mechanisms that regulate tonic NMDAR currents. In light of recent controversies surrounding the source of D-serine, we highlight the recent findings suggesting that astrocytes release D-serine to modulate tonic NMDAR currents and control cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, we propose distinct roles of neuronal and astrocytic D-serine in different locations and their implications for synaptic regulation and cognitive functions. The potential roles of tonic NMDAR currents in various psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder, are discussed in the context of the NMDAR hypofunction hypothesis. By presenting the mechanisms by which various cells, particularly astrocytes, regulate tonic NMDAR currents, we aim to stimulate future research in NMDAR hypofunction- or hyperfunction-related psychiatric disorders. This review not only provides a better understanding of the complex interplay between tonic NMDAR currents and cognitive functions but also sheds light on its potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sunyeong Choi
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Euisun Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wuhyun Koh
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea.
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8
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Garofalo M, De Simone G, Motta Z, Nuzzo T, De Grandis E, Bruno C, Boeri S, Riccio MP, Pastore L, Bravaccio C, Iasevoli F, Salvatore F, Pollegioni L, Errico F, de Bartolomeis A, Usiello A. Decreased free D-aspartate levels in the blood serum of patients with schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1408175. [PMID: 39050919 PMCID: PMC11266155 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1408175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by different psychopathological manifestations and divergent clinical trajectories. Various alterations at glutamatergic synapses have been reported in both disorders, including abnormal NMDA and metabotropic receptor signaling. Methods We conducted a bicentric study to assess the blood serum levels of NMDA receptors-related glutamatergic amino acids and their precursors, including L-glutamate, L-glutamine, D-aspartate, L-aspartate, L-asparagine, D-serine, L-serine and glycine, in ASD, SCZ patients and their respective control subjects. Specifically, the SCZ patients were subdivided into treatment-resistant and non-treatment-resistant SCZ patients, based on their responsivity to conventional antipsychotics. Results D-serine and D-aspartate serum reductions were found in SCZ patients compared to controls. Conversely, no significant differences between cases and controls were found in amino acid concentrations in the two ASD cohorts analyzed. Discussion This result further encourages future research to evaluate the predictive role of selected D-amino acids as peripheral markers for SCZ pathophysiology and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Garofalo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Simone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Medical School of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Zoraide Motta
- ”The Protein Factory 2.0”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Tommaso Nuzzo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Elisa De Grandis
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health - DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health - DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Boeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal, and Child Health - DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Riccio
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Unità Operativa semplice di Dipartimento (UOSD) of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Bravaccio
- Department of Medical and Translational Sciences, Child Neuropsychiatry, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Medical School of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario per Malattie Multigeniche e Multifattoriali e loro Modelli Animali (Federico II, Naples; Tor Vergata, Rome and “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara), Naples, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- ”The Protein Factory 2.0”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Errico
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Portici, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment-Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Medical School of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Usiello
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
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9
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Hou W, Zhou F, Wang Q, Li H, Qin X, Ding Y, Dong F, Bo Q, Li A, Zhang L, Chen Z, Wang Z, Li X, Lee J, Wang C. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation with concurrent cognitive performance targeting posterior parietal cortex vs prefrontal cortex on working memory in schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:279. [PMID: 38977683 PMCID: PMC11231223 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02994-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Working memory deficits are linked to irregularities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in schizophrenia, effective intervention strategies are lacking. We evaluated the differential efficacy and underlying neuromechanisms of targeting transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at the DLPFC and the PPC with concurrent cognitive performance for working memory in schizophrenia. In a randomized and double-blind clinical trial, sixty clinically stable schizophrenic patients with below-average working memory were randomly assigned to active DLPFC, active PPC, and sham tDCS groups. Two sessions of tDCS during N-back task were delivered daily for five days. The primary outcome was changes in spatial span test scores from baseline to week 1. The secondary outcomes included changes in scores of color delay-estimation task, other cognitive tasks, and mismatch negativity (biomarker of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor functioning). Compared with the active DLPFC group, the active PPC group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in spatial span test scores (p = 0.008, d = 0.94) and an augmentation in color delay-estimation task capacity at week 1; the latter sustained to week 2. Compared with the sham tDCS group, the active PPC group did not show a significant improvement in spatial span test scores at week 1 and 2; however, significant enhancement was observed in their color delay-estimation task capacity at week 2. Additionally, mismatch negativity amplitude was enhanced, and changes in theta band measures were positively correlated with working memory improvement in the active PPC group, while no such correlations were observed in the active DLPFC group or the sham tDCS group. Our results suggest that tDCS targeting the PPC relative to the DLPFC during concurrent cognitive performance may improve working memory in schizophrenia, meriting further investigation. The improvement in working memory appears to be linked to enhanced N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Fengtai Mental Health Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqin Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushen Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qijing Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anning Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jimmy Lee
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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10
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Tripathi A, Dubey KD. The mechanistic insights into different aspects of promiscuity in metalloenzymes. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 141:23-66. [PMID: 38960476 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes are nature's ultimate machinery to catalyze complex reactions. Though enzymes are evolved to catalyze specific reactions, they also show significant promiscuity in reactions and substrate selection. Metalloenzymes contain a metal ion or metal cofactor in their active site, which is crucial in their catalytic activity. Depending on the metal and its coordination environment, the metal ion or cofactor may function as a Lewis acid or base and a redox center and thus can catalyze a plethora of natural reactions. In fact, the versatility in the oxidation state of the metal ions provides metalloenzymes with a high level of catalytic adaptability and promiscuity. In this chapter, we discuss different aspects of promiscuity in metalloenzymes by using several recent experimental and theoretical works as case studies. We start our discussion by introducing the concept of promiscuity and then we delve into the mechanistic insight into promiscuity at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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11
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Vitureira N, Rafael A, Abudara V. P2X7 receptors and pannexin1 hemichannels shape presynaptic transmission. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:223-236. [PMID: 37713157 PMCID: PMC11189373 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, since the discovery of ATP as a transmitter, accumulating evidence has been reported about the role of this nucleotide and purinergic receptors, in particular P2X7 receptors, in the modulation of synaptic strength and plasticity. Purinergic signaling has emerged as a crucial player in orchestrating the molecular interaction between the components of the tripartite synapse, and much progress has been made in how this neuron-glia interaction impacts neuronal physiology under basal and pathological conditions. On the other hand, pannexin1 hemichannels, which are functionally linked to P2X7 receptors, have appeared more recently as important modulators of excitatory synaptic function and plasticity under diverse contexts. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of ATP, P2X7 receptors, and pannexin hemichannels to the modulation of presynaptic strength and its impact on motor function, sensory processing, synaptic plasticity, and neuroglial communication, with special focus on the P2X7 receptor/pannexin hemichannel interplay. We also address major hypotheses about the role of this interaction in physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Vitureira
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Alberto Rafael
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Abudara
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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12
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Mott PD, Zea AH, Lewis J, Mirzalieva O, Aiyar AA. Serine deamination by human serine racemase synergizes with antibiotics to curtail the replication of Chlamydia trachomatis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107350. [PMID: 38718865 PMCID: PMC11140210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis, has evolved to depend on its human host for many metabolites, including most amino acids and three of the four nucleotides. Given this, it is not surprising that depletion of a single amino acid in the host cell growth medium blocks chlamydial replication. Paradoxically, supra-normal levels of some amino acids also block productive replication of Chlamydia. Here, we have determined how elevated serine levels, generated by exogenous supplementation, impede chlamydial inclusion development and reduce the generation of infectious progeny. Our findings reveal that human serine racemase, which is broadly expressed in multiple tissues, potentiates the anti-chlamydial effect of elevated serine concentrations. In addition to reversibly converting l-serine to d-serine, serine racemase also deaminates serine via β-elimination. We have determined that d-serine does not directly impact Chlamydia; rather, ammonia generated by serine deamination limits the productive chlamydial replication. Our findings imply that ammonia produced within host cells can traverse the chlamydial inclusion membrane. Further, this property of serine deaminase can be exploited to sensitize Chlamydia to concentrations of doxycycline that are otherwise not bactericidal. Because exogenously elevated levels of serine can be tolerated over extended periods, the broad expression pattern of serine racemase indicates it to be a host enzyme whose activity can be directed against multiple intracellular bacterial pathogens. From a therapeutic perspective, demonstrating host metabolism can be skewed to generate an anti-bacterial metabolite that synergizes with antibiotics, we believe our results provide a new approach to target intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia D Mott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Arnold H Zea
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jamiya Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Oygul Mirzalieva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ashok A Aiyar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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13
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Bean L, Bose PK, Rani A, Kumar A. Serine racemase expression profile in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampal subregions during aging in male and female rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:8402-8416. [PMID: 38761177 PMCID: PMC11164512 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decrease in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function, which is critical for maintaining synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Activation of the NMDA receptor requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate and also the presence of co-agonist D-serine at the glycine site. The enzymatic conversion of L-serine to D-serine is facilitated by the enzyme serine racemase (SR). Subsequently, SR plays a pivotal role in regulating NMDA receptor activity, thereby impacting synaptic plasticity and memory processes in the central nervous system. As such, age-related changes in the expression of SR could contribute to decreased NMDA receptor function. However, age-associated changes in SR expression levels in the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex (mPFC, lPFC), and in the dorsal hippocampal subfields, CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG), have not been thoroughly elucidated. Therefore, the current studies were designed to determine the SR expression profile, including protein levels and mRNA, for these regions in aged and young male and female Fischer-344 rats. Our results demonstrate a significant reduction in SR expression levels in the mPFC and all hippocampal subfields of aged rats compared to young rats. No sex differences were observed in the expression of SR. These findings suggest that the decrease in SR levels may play a role in the age-associated reduction of NMDA receptor function in brain regions crucial for cognitive function and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bean
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, IU School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46201, USA
| | - Prodip K. Bose
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Neurology at the College of Medicine, University of Florida, FL 32607, USA
| | - Asha Rani
- Department of Neuroscience, The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, The McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
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14
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Juliá-Palacios N, Olivella M, Sigatullina Bondarenko M, Ibáñez-Micó S, Muñoz-Cabello B, Alonso-Luengo O, Soto-Insuga V, García-Navas D, Cuesta-Herraiz L, Andreo-Lillo P, Aguilera-Albesa S, Hedrera-Fernández A, González Alguacil E, Sánchez-Carpintero R, Martín Del Valle F, Jiménez González E, Cean Cabrera L, Medina-Rivera I, Perez-Ordoñez M, Colomé R, Lopez L, Engracia Cazorla M, Fornaguera M, Ormazabal A, Alonso-Colmenero I, Illescas KS, Balsells-Mejía S, Mari-Vico R, Duffo Viñas M, Cappuccio G, Terrone G, Romano R, Manti F, Mastrangelo M, Alfonsi C, de Siqueira Barros B, Nizon M, Gjerulfsen CE, Muro VL, Karall D, Zeiner F, Masnada S, Peterlongo I, Oyarzábal A, Santos-Gómez A, Altafaj X, García-Cazorla Á. L-serine treatment in patients with GRIN-related encephalopathy: a phase 2A, non-randomized study. Brain 2024; 147:1653-1666. [PMID: 38380699 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
GRIN-related disorders are rare developmental encephalopathies with variable manifestations and limited therapeutic options. Here, we present the first non-randomized, open-label, single-arm trial (NCT04646447) designed to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of L-serine in children with GRIN genetic variants leading to loss-of-function. In this phase 2A trial, patients aged 2-18 years with GRIN loss-of-function pathogenic variants received L-serine for 52 weeks. Primary end points included safety and efficacy by measuring changes in the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Bayley Scales, age-appropriate Wechsler Scales, Gross Motor Function-88, Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Child Behavior Checklist and the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form following 12 months of treatment. Secondary outcomes included seizure frequency and intensity reduction and EEG improvement. Assessments were performed 3 months and 1 day before starting treatment and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after beginning the supplement. Twenty-four participants were enrolled (13 males/11 females, mean age 9.8 years, SD 4.8), 23 of whom completed the study. Patients had GRIN2B, GRIN1 and GRIN2A variants (12, 6 and 5 cases, respectively). Their clinical phenotypes showed 91% had intellectual disability (61% severe), 83% had behavioural problems, 78% had movement disorders and 58% had epilepsy. Based on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Composite standard scores, nine children were classified as mildly impaired (cut-off score > 55), whereas 14 were assigned to the clinically severe group. An improvement was detected in the Daily Living Skills domain (P = 0035) from the Vineland Scales within the mild group. Expressive (P = 0.005), Personal (P = 0.003), Community (P = 0.009), Interpersonal (P = 0.005) and Fine Motor (P = 0.031) subdomains improved for the whole cohort, although improvement was mostly found in the mild group. The Growth Scale Values in the Cognitive subdomain of the Bayley-III Scale showed a significant improvement in the severe group (P = 0.016), with a mean increase of 21.6 points. L-serine treatment was associated with significant improvement in the median Gross Motor Function-88 total score (P = 0.002) and the mean Pediatric Quality of Life total score (P = 0.00068), regardless of severity. L-serine normalized the EEG pattern in five children and the frequency of seizures in one clinically affected child. One patient discontinued treatment due to irritability and insomnia. The trial provides evidence that L-serine is a safe treatment for children with GRIN loss-of-function variants, having the potential to improve adaptive behaviour, motor function and quality of life, with a better response to the treatment in mild phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Juliá-Palacios
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-IRSJD, CIBERER and MetabERN, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Olivella
- Bioinformatics and Bioimaging Group. Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life and Health Sciences (IRIS-CC), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Mariya Sigatullina Bondarenko
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-IRSJD, CIBERER and MetabERN, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Muñoz-Cabello
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Olga Alonso-Luengo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Deyanira García-Navas
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Andreo-Lillo
- Neuropediatric Unit, Pediatric Department, University Hospital of Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Sergio Aguilera-Albesa
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Hedrera-Fernández
- Child Neurology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ines Medina-Rivera
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-IRSJD, CIBERER and MetabERN, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Ordoñez
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Area, Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Colomé
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-IRSJD, CIBERER and MetabERN, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez
- Department of Rehabilitation, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Engracia Cazorla
- Department of Rehabilitation, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fornaguera
- Department of Rehabilitation, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Ormazabal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases (MetabERN), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Itziar Alonso-Colmenero
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Full Member of ERN EpiCare, Barcelona University, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katia Sofía Illescas
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-IRSJD, CIBERER and MetabERN, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sol Balsells-Mejía
- Department of Research Promotion and Management. Statistical Support, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (HSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosanna Mari-Vico
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-IRSJD, CIBERER and MetabERN, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Duffo Viñas
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-IRSJD, CIBERER and MetabERN, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Area, Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', 80125 Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pozzuoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Terrone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II', 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Filippo Manti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Mario Mastrangelo
- Department of Women and Child Health and Uroginecological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience/Mental Health, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Alfonsi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Bruna de Siqueira Barros
- Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde do Adolescente, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas, 56066 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | | | - Valeria L Muro
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hospital Britanico Buenos Aires, C1280AEB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Karall
- Clinic for Paediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fiona Zeiner
- Clinic for Paediatrics, Division of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Silvia Masnada
- Department of Child Neurology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Peterlongo
- Department of Child Neurology, V. Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Alfonso Oyarzábal
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-IRSJD, CIBERER and MetabERN, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Santos-Gómez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Altafaj
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángeles García-Cazorla
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab, Department of Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu-IRSJD, CIBERER and MetabERN, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Chalmers N, Masouti E, Beckervordersandforth R. Astrocytes in the adult dentate gyrus-balance between adult and developmental tasks. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:982-991. [PMID: 38177351 PMCID: PMC11176073 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes, a major glial cell type in the brain, are indispensable for the integration, maintenance and survival of neurons during development and adulthood. Both life phases make specific demands on the molecular and physiological properties of astrocytes, and most research projects traditionally focus on either developmental or adult astrocyte functions. In most brain regions, the generation of brain cells and the establishment of neural circuits ends with postnatal development. However, few neurogenic niches exist in the adult brain in which new neurons and glial cells are produced lifelong, and the integration of new cells into functional circuits represent a very special form of plasticity. Consequently, in the neurogenic niche, the astrocytes must be equipped to execute both mature and developmental tasks in order to integrate newborn neurons into the circuit and yet maintain overall homeostasis without affecting the preexisting neurons. In this review, we focus on astrocytes of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), and discuss specific features of the astrocytic compartment that may allow the execution of both tasks. Firstly, astrocytes of the adult DG are molecularly, morphologically and functionally diverse, and the distinct astrocytes subtypes are characterized by their localization to DG layers. This spatial separation may lead to a functional specification of astrocytes subtypes according to the neuronal structures they are embedded in, hence a division of labor. Secondly, the astrocytic compartment is not static, but steadily increasing in numbers due to lifelong astrogenesis. Interestingly, astrogenesis can adapt to environmental and behavioral stimuli, revealing an unexpected astrocyte dynamic that allows the niche to adopt to changing demands. The diversity and dynamic of astrocytes in the adult DG implicate a vital contribution to hippocampal plasticity and represent an interesting model to uncover mechanisms how astrocytes simultaneously fulfill developmental and adult tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chalmers
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Evangelia Masouti
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Lee A, Henderson R, Aylward J, McCombe P. Gut Symptoms, Gut Dysbiosis and Gut-Derived Toxins in ALS. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1871. [PMID: 38339149 PMCID: PMC10856138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenetic mechanisms have been proposed for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, there have been emerging suggestions of a possible role for the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota have a range of functions and could influence ALS by several mechanisms. Here, we review the possible role of gut-derived neurotoxins/excitotoxins. We review the evidence of gut symptoms and gut dysbiosis in ALS. We then examine a possible role for gut-derived toxins by reviewing the evidence that these molecules are toxic to the central nervous system, evidence of their association with ALS, the existence of biochemical pathways by which these molecules could be produced by the gut microbiota and existence of mechanisms of transport from the gut to the blood and brain. We then present evidence that there are increased levels of these toxins in the blood of some ALS patients. We review the effects of therapies that attempt to alter the gut microbiota or ameliorate the biochemical effects of gut toxins. It is possible that gut dysbiosis contributes to elevated levels of toxins and that these could potentially contribute to ALS pathogenesis, but more work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aven Lee
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (R.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Robert Henderson
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (R.H.); (P.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Wesley Research Institute, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD 4066, Australia;
| | - James Aylward
- Wesley Research Institute, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD 4066, Australia;
| | - Pamela McCombe
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (R.H.); (P.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Wesley Research Institute, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD 4066, Australia;
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17
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Furuichi K, Iwata Y. D-Amino Acids in Kidney Diseases. KIDNEY360 2024; 5:173-174. [PMID: 38421856 PMCID: PMC10990250 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Furuichi
- Department of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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18
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Vestring S, Dorner A, Scholliers J, Ehrenberger K, Kiss A, Arenz L, Theiss A, Rossner P, Frase S, Du Vinage C, Wendler E, Serchov T, Domschke K, Bischofberger J, Normann C. D-Cycloserine enhances the bidirectional range of NMDAR-dependent hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:18. [PMID: 38195548 PMCID: PMC10776623 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The partial N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) agonist D-Cycloserine (DCS) has been evaluated for the treatment of a wide variety of psychiatric disorders, including dementia, schizophrenia, depression and for the augmentation of exposure-based psychotherapy. Most if not all of the potential psychiatric applications of DCS target an enhancement or restitution of cognitive functions, learning and memory. Their molecular correlate is long-term synaptic plasticity; and many forms of synaptic plasticity depend on the activation of NMDA receptors. Here, we comprehensively examined the modulation of different forms of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus by DCS and its mechanism. We found that DCS positively modulates NMDAR-dependent forms of long-term synaptic plasticity (long-term synaptic potentiation, LTP, and long-term synaptic depression, LTD) in hippocampal brain slices of juvenile rats without affecting basal synaptic transmission. DCS binds to the D-serine/glycine binding site of the NMDAR. Pharmacological inhibition of this site prevented the induction of LTP, whereas agonism at the D-serine/glycine binding site augmented LTP and could functionally substitute for weak LTP induction paradigms. The most probable origin of endogenous D-serine are astrocytes, and its exocytosis is regulated by astrocytic metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1). Functional eradication of astrocytes, inhibition of mGluR1 receptors and G-protein signaling in astrocytes adjacent to postsynaptic neurons prevented the induction of NMDAR-dependent forms of LTP and LTD. Our results support the enhancement of a bidirectional range of NMDAR-dependent hippocampal synaptic plasticity by DCS and D-serine-mediated gliotransmission. Therefore, the D-serine/glycine-binding site in NMDAR is a major target for psychopharmacological interventions targeting plasticity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vestring
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Berta-Ottenstein-Programme for Clinician Scientists, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Dorner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Scholliers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Ehrenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Kiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luis Arenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alice Theiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Frase
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catherine Du Vinage
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Wendler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tsvetan Serchov
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR3212, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuoModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Claus Normann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuoModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106, Freiburg, Germany
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Han SW, Jang Y, Kook J, Jang J, Shin JS. Reprogramming biocatalytic futile cycles through computational engineering of stereochemical promiscuity to create an amine racemase. Nat Commun 2024; 15:49. [PMID: 38169460 PMCID: PMC10761954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Repurposing the intrinsic properties of natural enzymes can offer a viable solution to current synthetic challenges through the development of novel biocatalytic processes. Although amino acid racemases are ubiquitous in living organisms, an amine racemase (AR) has not yet been discovered despite its synthetic potential for producing chiral amines. Here, we report the creation of an AR based on the serendipitous discovery that amine transaminases (ATAs) can perform stereoinversion of 2-aminobutane. Kinetic modeling revealed that the unexpected off-pathway activity results from stereochemically promiscuous futile cycles due to incomplete stereoselectivity for 2-aminobutane. This finding motivated us to engineer an S-selective ATA through in silico alanine scanning and empirical combinatorial mutations, creating an AR with broad substrate specificity. The resulting AR, carrying double point mutations, enables the racemization of both enantiomers of diverse chiral amines in the presence of a cognate ketone. This strategy may be generally applicable to a wide range of transaminases, paving the way for the development of new-to-nature racemases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Woo Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Youngho Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Kook
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jeesu Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jong-Shik Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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20
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Saif-Ali R, Al-Hamodi Z, Salem SD, AL-Habori M, Al-Dubai SA, Ismail IS. Association of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type D and Serine Racemase Genetic Variants with Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysian Indians. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2024; 28:55-59. [PMID: 38533286 PMCID: PMC10962774 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_209_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2D) candidate genes, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD), and serine racemase (SRR) were suggested by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Chinese population. Association studies have been replicated among East Asian populations. The association of PTPRD and SRR genetic variants with T2D in Southeast Asian populations still needs to be studied. This study aimed to investigate the association of PTPRD and SSR genetic variants with T2D in Malaysian Indian subjects. Methods The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PTPRD (rs649891 and rs17584499) and SRR (rs4523957, rs391300, and rs8081273) were genotyped in 397 T2D and 285 normal Malaysian Indian subjects. Results The homozygous dominant genotype of rs17584499 is frequent in diabetic patients (56.5%) compared to normal subjects (47.3%). In contrast, the homozygous recessive genotype of rs8081273 is more frequent among normal subjects (12.5%) than diabetic patients (5.6%). The dominant genetic model showed that PTPRD rs17584499 (CC) is a risk factor for T2D (OR = 1.42, P = 0.029), whereas the recessive genetic model showed that SRS SNP rs8081273 was protective for T2D (OR = 0.42, P = 0.003). Conclusion This study confirmed the association of PTPRD rs17584499 genetic variations with T2D in Malaysian Indians. While the SRR rs8081273 (TT) genotype showed protection against T2D, more investigation in different populations is required to confirm this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyadh Saif-Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Zaid Al-Hamodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Sameer D. Salem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Molham AL-Habori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Sami A. Al-Dubai
- Joint Program of Preventive Medicine, Post Graduate Studies, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram S. Ismail
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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21
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Khan S, Upadhyay S, Dave U, Kumar A, Gomes J. Structural and mechanistic insights into ALS patient derived mutations in D-amino acid oxidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128403. [PMID: 38035964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The D-amino acid oxidase protein modulates neurotransmission by controlling the levels of D-serine, a co-agonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Mutations in the DAO gene have been associated with ALS, with some studies reporting pathogenic mechanisms of the R199W mutation. We have characterized two novel mutations R38H and Q201R found in ALS patients and report certain novel findings related to the R199W mutation. We report the first instance of crystal structure analysis of a patient-derived mutant of DAO, R38H, solved at 2.10 Å. The structure revealed significant perturbations and altered binding with the cofactor (FAD) and the inhibitor benzoate, supported by biochemical assays. Q201R-DAO also exhibited significantly lower ligand binding efficiency. Furthermore, kinetic analysis across all variants revealed reduced oxidase activity and substrate binding. Notably, R38H-DAO exhibited near-WT activity only at high substrate concentrations, while R199W-DAO and Q201R-DAO displayed drastic activity reduction. Additionally, structural perturbations were inferred for R199W-DAO and Q201R-DAO, evident by the higher oligomeric state in the holoenzyme form. We also observed thermal instability in case of R199W-DAO mutant. We hypothesize that the mutant enzymes may be rendered non-functional in a cellular context, potentially leading to NMDAR-associated excitotoxicity. The study provides novel insights into structural and functional aspects of DAO mutations in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumayila Khan
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India; Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Saurabh Upadhyay
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Upma Dave
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Macromolecular Crystallography Section, Beamline Development & Application Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - James Gomes
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India.
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22
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Katane M, Homma H. Biosynthesis and Degradation of Free D-Amino Acids and Their Physiological Roles in the Periphery and Endocrine Glands. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:562-579. [PMID: 38432912 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
It was long believed that D-amino acids were either unnatural isomers or laboratory artifacts, and that the important functions of amino acids were exerted only by L-amino acids. However, recent investigations have revealed a variety of D-amino acids in mammals that play important roles in physiological functions, including free D-serine and D-aspartate that are crucial in the central nervous system. The functions of several D-amino acids in the periphery and endocrine glands are also receiving increasing attention. Here, we present an overview of recent advances in elucidating the physiological roles of D-amino acids, especially in the periphery and endocrine glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Katane
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Hiroshi Homma
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University
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23
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Ko HG, Chun H, Han S, Kaang BK. Role of spinal astrocytes through the perisynaptic astrocytic process in pathological pain. Mol Brain 2023; 16:81. [PMID: 38093330 PMCID: PMC10717263 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological pain is caused by abnormal activity in the neural circuit that transmits nociceptive stimuli. Beyond homeostatic functions, astrocytes actively participate in regulating synaptic transmission as members of tripartite synapses. The perisynaptic astrocytic process (PAP) is the key structure that allows astrocytes to play these roles and not only physically supports synapse formation through cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) but also regulates the efficiency of chemical signaling. Accumulating evidence has revealed that spinal astrocytes are involved in pathological pain by modulating the efficacy of neurotransmitters such as glutamate and GABA through transporters located in the PAP and by directly regulating synaptic transmission through various gliotransmitters. Although various CAMs contribute to pathological pain, insufficient evidence is available as to whether astrocytic CAMs also have this role. Therefore, more in-depth research is needed on how pathological pain is induced and maintained by astrocytes, especially in the PAP surrounding the synapse, and this will subsequently increase our understanding and treatment of pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Gon Ko
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol- daero, Daegu, 41940, South Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Heejung Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei-SL Bigen Institute (YSLI), Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seunghyo Han
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177 Dalgubeol- daero, Daegu, 41940, South Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Life Science Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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24
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Koyama H, Takahashi Y, Matori S, Kuniyoshi H, Kurose K. A newly identified enzyme from Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus has the ability to biosynthesize d-aspartate. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 750:109809. [PMID: 37925062 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids exist in two chiral forms, namely L and D. Although l-amino acids are predominant in vivo, certain limited circumstances have reported the usage of d-amino acids. d-aspartate (Asp), among them, plays crucial physiological roles in living organisms and is biosynthesized from L-Asp by the enzyme named aspartate racemase (AspRase). D-Asp is known to accumulate in large amounts in the nervous system of cephalopods. To understand the function of D-Asp in nervous system in more detail, it is necessary to elucidate its metabolic pathway; however, AspRase gene has not been identified in cephalopods as in the case of mammals. In this study, we successfully identified a novel gene encoding AspRase from the optic ganglion of Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus. Our discovery of the squid AspRase challenges the prevailing assumption that AspRases across different animals share similar structures. Surprisingly, the squid AspRase is a unique enzyme that differs significantly from known AspRases, being structurally and phylogenetically related to aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and possessing both AspRase and AST activities. The optimum pH and temperature for AspRase activity using L-Asp as a substrate are approximately 7.0 and 20 °C, respectively. Moreover, we have found that AspRase activity is enhanced in the presence of 2-oxoacids. These findings have far-reaching implications for the understanding of enzymology and suggest that yet-to-be-identified mammalian AspRases may also be phylogenetically related to AST, rather than conventional AspRases. Furthermore, our results provide valuable insights into the evolution of the D-Asp biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Koyama
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Yui Takahashi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - San Matori
- Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University Higashi-hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Hisato Kuniyoshi
- Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University Higashi-hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Kouichi Kurose
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
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25
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Arizanovska D, Emodogo JA, Lally AP, Palavicino-Maggio CB, Liebl DJ, Folorunso OO. Cross species review of the physiological role of D-serine in translationally relevant behaviors. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1501-1517. [PMID: 37833512 PMCID: PMC10689556 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Bridging the gap between preclinical models of neurological and psychiatric disorders with their human manifestations is necessary to understand their underlying mechanisms, identify biomarkers, and develop novel therapeutics. Cognitive and social impairments underlie multiple neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders and are often comorbid with sleep disturbances, which can exacerbate poor outcomes. Importantly, many symptoms are conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates, although they may have subtle differences. Therefore, it is essential to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying these behaviors across different species and their translatability to humans. Genome-wide association studies have indicated an association between glutamatergic gene variants and both the risk and frequency of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. For example, changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission, such as glutamate receptor subtype N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction, have been shown to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Furthermore, in neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease, hyperactivation of NMDARs leads to synaptic damage. In addition to glutamate binding, NMDARs require the binding of a co-agonist D-serine or glycine to the GluN1 subunit to open. D-serine, which is racemized from L-serine by the neuronal enzyme serine racemase (SRR), and both SRR and D-serine are enriched in cortico-limbic brain regions. D-serine is critical for complex behaviors, such as cognition and social behavior, where dysregulation of its synthesis and release has been implicated in many pathological conditions. In this review, we explore the role of D-serine in behaviors that are translationally relevant to multiple psychiatric and neurological disorders in different models across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Arizanovska
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jada A Emodogo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Anna P Lally
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Caroline B Palavicino-Maggio
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurobiological Mechanisms of Aggression Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Oluwarotimi O Folorunso
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
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26
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Ding K, Xu Q, Zhang X, Liu S. Metabolomic insights into neurological effects of BDE-47 exposure in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115558. [PMID: 37820477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The persistent organic pollutant 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), a prevalent congener among polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), exhibits potent bioaccumulation and toxicity. Despite extensive research into the adverse effects of BDE-47, its neurotoxicity in sea cucumbers remains unexplored. Given the crucial role of the sea cucumber's nervous system in survival and adaptation, evaluating the impacts of BDE-47 is vital for sustainable aquaculture and consumption. In this study, we employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS) to analyze metabolomic changes in neuro-related tissues of Apostichopus japonicus exposed to low (0.1 µg/L), medium (1.0 µg/L), and high (10.0 µg/L) BDE-47 concentrations. We identified significantly changed metabolites in each exposure group (87 in low, 79 in medium, and 102 in high), affecting a variety of physiological processes such as steroid hormone balance, nucleotide metabolism, energy metabolism, neurotransmitter levels, and neuroprotection. In addition, we identified concentration-dependent, common, and some other metabolic responses in the neuro-related tissues. Our findings reveal critical insights into the neurotoxic effects of BDE-47 in sea cucumbers and contribute to risk assessment related to BDE-47 exposure in the sea cucumber industry, paving the way for future neurotoxicological research in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qinzeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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27
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Yoshikawa M, Okubo M, Shirose K, Kan T, Kawaguchi M. d-Serine Increases Release of Acetylcholine in Rat Submandibular Glands. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1227. [PMID: 37759626 PMCID: PMC10526048 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
d-serine has been observed in submandibular gland tissue in rats, but its functions remain to be clarified. Oral administration of d-serine, but not l-serine, increased its concentrations in the submandibular gland and pilocarpine-induced salivary secretion. In vivo microdialysis was used to collect the d- and l-enantiomers of amino acids from local interstitial fluid in the rat submandibular gland. The proportion of the d-form of serine in interstitial fluid was higher than that in plasma or saliva. Perfusion of the rat submandibular gland with d-serine and l-glutamic acid via the submandibular gland artery resulted in a significant increase in salivary secretion after stimulation of muscarinic receptors with carbachol. In vivo microdialysis applied to the submandibular glands of rats showed that infusion of d-serine along with l-glutamate through the microdialysis probe significantly elevated acetylcholine levels in local interstitial fluids in the submandibular glands of anesthetized rats as compared to that with l-glutamate alone in an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor glycine site antagonist-sensitive manner. These results indicate that d-serine augments salivary secretion by increasing acetylcholine release in the salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Yoshikawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Migiwa Okubo
- Kawano Dental Clinic, Yachimata 289-1101, Japan;
| | - Kosuke Shirose
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (K.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Takugi Kan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara 259-1193, Japan; (K.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Mitsuru Kawaguchi
- Tokyo Dental College, Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
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28
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Tripodi F, Motta Z, Murtas G, Rabattoni V, Nonnis S, Grassi Scalvini F, Rinaldi AM, Rizzi R, Bearzi C, Badone B, Sacchi S, Tedeschi G, Maffioli E, Coccetti P, Pollegioni L. Serine metabolism during differentiation of human iPSC-derived astrocytes. FEBS J 2023; 290:4440-4464. [PMID: 37166453 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential players in development and functions, being particularly relevant as regulators of brain energy metabolism, ionic homeostasis and synaptic transmission. They are also the major source of l-serine in the brain, which is synthesized from the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate through the phosphorylated pathway. l-Serine is the precursor of the two main co-agonists of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, glycine and d-serine. Strikingly, dysfunctions in both l- and d-serine metabolism are associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders. Here, we exploited a differentiation protocol, based on the generation of human mature astrocytes from neural stem cells, and investigated the modification of the proteomic and metabolomic profile during the differentiation process. We show that differentiated astrocytes are more similar to mature rather than to reactive ones, and that axogenesis and pyrimidine metabolism increase up to 30 days along with the folate cycle and sphingolipid metabolism. Consistent with the proliferation and cellular maturation processes that are taking place, also the intracellular levels of l-serine, glycine, threonine, l- and d-aspartate (which level is unexpectedly higher than that of d-serine) show the same biosynthetic time course. A significant utilization of l-serine from the medium is apparent while glycine is first consumed and then released with a peak at 30 days, parallel to its intracellular level. These results underline how metabolism changes during astrocyte differentiation, highlight that d-serine synthesis is restricted in differentiated astrocytes and provide a valuable model for developing potential novel therapeutic approaches to address brain diseases, especially the ones related to serine metabolism alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Tripodi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Zoraide Motta
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giulia Murtas
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Valentina Rabattoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Simona Nonnis
- DIVAS, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Rizzi
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Science and Biotechnologies, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy
| | - Claudia Bearzi
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy (ITB-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Badone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Silvia Sacchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- DIVAS, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milano, Italy
- CIMAINA, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- DIVAS, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Coccetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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29
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Roychaudhuri R. Mammalian D-Cysteine: A new addition to the growing family of biologically relevant D-amino acids. Chirality 2023; 35:535-539. [PMID: 36890664 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian D-Cysteine is racemized from L-cysteine by serine racemase, a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme. Endogenous D-Cysteine plays a role in neural development by inhibiting proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) via protein kinase B (AKT) signaling mediated by the FoxO family of transcription factors. D-Cysteine binds to Myristoylated Alanine Rich C Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) and alters phosphorylation at Ser 159/163 and its translocation from the membrane. By racemizing serine and cysteine, mammalian serine racemase may play important roles in neural development highlighting its importance in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Roychaudhuri
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Birth Defects, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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30
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Marchesani F, Michielon A, Viale E, Bianchera A, Cavazzini D, Pollegioni L, Murtas G, Mozzarelli A, Bettati S, Peracchi A, Campanini B, Bruno S. Phosphoserine Aminotransferase Pathogenetic Variants in Serine Deficiency Disorders: A Functional Characterization. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1219. [PMID: 37627284 PMCID: PMC10452355 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the phosphorylated pathway (PP) converts the glycolytic intermediate D-3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) into L-serine through the enzymes 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT) and phosphoserine phosphatase. From the pathogenic point of view, the PP in the brain is particularly relevant, as genetic defects of any of the three enzymes are associated with a group of neurometabolic disorders known as serine deficiency disorders (SDDs). We recombinantly expressed and characterized eight variants of PSAT associated with SDDs and two non-SDD associated variants. We show that the pathogenetic mechanisms in SDDs are extremely diverse, including low affinity of the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and thermal instability for S179L and G79W PSAT, loss of activity of the holo form for R342W PSAT, aggregation for D100A PSAT, increased Km for one of the substrates with invariant kcats for S43R PSAT, and a combination of increased Km and decreased kcat for C245R PSAT. Finally, we show that the flux through the in vitro reconstructed PP at physiological concentrations of substrates and enzymes is extremely sensitive to alterations of the functional properties of PSAT variants, confirming PSAT dysfunctions as a cause of SSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Davide Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry/Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- The Protein Factory 2.0, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giulia Murtas
- The Protein Factory 2.0, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Bettati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Peracchi
- Department of Chemistry/Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Campanini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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31
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Bearne SL. Design and evaluation of substrate-product analog inhibitors for racemases and epimerases utilizing a 1,1-proton transfer mechanism. Methods Enzymol 2023; 690:397-444. [PMID: 37858537 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Racemases and epimerases catalyze the inversion of stereochemistry at asymmetric carbon atoms to generate stereoisomers that often play important roles in normal and pathological physiology. Consequently, there is interest in developing inhibitors of these enzymes for drug discovery. A strategy for the rational design of substrate-product analog (SPA) inhibitors of racemases and epimerases utilizing a direct 1,1-proton transfer mechanism is elaborated. This strategy assumes that two groups on the asymmetric carbon atom remain fixed at active-site binding determinants, while the hydrogen and third, motile group move during catalysis, with the latter potentially traveling between an R- and S-pocket at the active site. SPAs incorporate structural features of the substrate and product, often with geminal disubstitution on the asymmetric carbon atom to simultaneously present the motile group to both the R- and S-pockets. For racemases operating on substrates bearing three polar groups (glutamate, aspartate, and serine racemases) or with compact, hydrophobic binding pockets (proline racemase), substituent motion is limited and the design strategy furnishes inhibitors with poor or modest binding affinities. The approach is most successful when substrates have a large, motile hydrophobic group that binds at a plastic and/or capacious hydrophobic site. Potent inhibitors were developed for mandelate racemase, isoleucine epimerase, and α-methylacyl-CoA racemase using the SPA inhibitor design strategy, exhibiting binding affinities ranging from substrate-like to exceeding that of the substrate by 100-fold. This rational approach for designing inhibitors of racemases and epimerases having the appropriate active-site architectures is a useful strategy for furnishing compounds for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Bearne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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32
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Roychaudhuri R, Atashi H, Snyder SH. Serine Racemase mediates subventricular zone neurogenesis via fatty acid metabolism. Stem Cell Reports 2023:S2213-6711(23)00194-7. [PMID: 37352848 PMCID: PMC10362503 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) is a neurogenic niche that continuously produces newborn neurons. Here we show that serine racemase (SR), an enzyme that catalyzes the racemization of L-serine to D-serine and vice versa, affects neurogenesis in the adult SVZ by controlling de novo fatty acid synthesis. Germline and conditional deletion of SR (nestin precursor cells) leads to diminished neurogenesis in the SVZ. Nestin-cre+ mice showed reduced expression of fatty acid synthase and its substrate malonyl-CoA, which are involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis. Global lipidomic analyses revealed significant alterations in different lipid subclasses in nestin-cre+ mice. Decrease in fatty acid synthesis was mediated by phospho Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase that was AMP-activated protein kinase independent. Both L- and D-serine supplementation rescued defects in SVZ neurogenesis, proliferation, and levels of malonyl-CoA in vitro. Our work shows that SR affects adult neurogenesis in the SVZ via lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Roychaudhuri
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Hasti Atashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Solomon H Snyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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33
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Krishnan KS, Billups B. ASC Transporters Mediate D-Serine Transport into Astrocytes Adjacent to Synapses in the Mouse Brain. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050819. [PMID: 37238689 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
D-serine is an important signalling molecule, which activates N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in conjunction with its fellow co-agonist, the neurotransmitter glutamate. Despite its involvement in plasticity and memory related to excitatory synapses, its cellular source and sink remain a question. We hypothesise that astrocytes, a type of glial cell that surrounds synapses, are likely candidates to control the extracellular concentration of D-Serine by removing it from the synaptic space. Using in situ patch clamp recordings and pharmacological manipulation of astrocytes in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampal brain slices, we investigated the transport of D-serine across the plasma membrane. We observed the D-serine-induced transport-associated currents upon puff-application of 10 mM D-serine on astrocytes. Further, O-benzyl-L-serine and trans-4-hydroxy-proline, known substrate inhibitors of the alanine serine cysteine transporters (ASCT), reduced D-serine uptake. These results indicate that ASCT is a central mediator of astrocytic D-serine transport and plays a role in regulating its synaptic concentration by sequestration into astrocytes. Similar results were observed in astrocytes of the somatosensory cortex and Bergmann glia in the cerebellum, indicative of a general mechanism expressed across a range of brain areas. This removal of synaptic D-serine and its subsequent metabolic degradation are expected to reduce its extracellular availability, influencing NMDAR activation and NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Subramanian Krishnan
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Brian Billups
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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34
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Armstrong DW, Wolosker H, Zheng Y. Detection and analysis of chiral molecules as disease biomarkers. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:355-373. [PMID: 37117811 PMCID: PMC10175202 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The chirality of small metabolic molecules is important in controlling physiological processes and indicating the health status of humans. Abnormal enantiomeric ratios of chiral molecules in biofluids and tissues occur in many diseases, including cancers and kidney and brain diseases. Thus, chiral small molecules are promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, adverse drug-effect monitoring, pharmacodynamic studies and personalized medicine. However, it remains difficult to achieve cost-effective and reliable analysis of small chiral molecules in clinical procedures, in part owing to their large variety and low concentration. In this Review, we describe current and emerging techniques that detect and quantify small-molecule enantiomers and their biological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoran Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Zilong Wu
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Herman Wolosker
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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35
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Osorio N, Martineau M, Fortea M, Rouget C, Penalba V, Lee CJ, Boesmans W, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Patel AV, Mondielli G, Conrod S, Labat-Gest V, Papin A, Sasabe J, Sweedler JV, Vanden Berghe P, Delmas P, Mothet JP. d-Serine agonism of GluN1-GluN3 NMDA receptors regulates the activity of enteric neurons and coordinates gut motility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.19.537136. [PMID: 37131687 PMCID: PMC10153202 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.19.537136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex network of diverse molecularly defined classes of neurons embedded in the gastrointestinal wall and responsible for controlling the major functions of the gut. As in the central nervous system, the vast array of ENS neurons is interconnected by chemical synapses. Despite several studies reporting the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the ENS, their roles in the gut remain elusive. Here, by using an array of immunohistochemistry, molecular profiling and functional assays, we uncover a new role for d-serine (d-Ser) and non-conventional GluN1-GluN3 N-methyl d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in regulating ENS functions. We demonstrate that d-Ser is produced by serine racemase (SR) expressed in enteric neurons. By using both in situ patch clamp recording and calcium imaging, we show that d-Ser alone acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the ENS independently of the conventional GluN1-GluN2 NMDARs. Instead, d-Ser directly gates the non-conventional GluN1-GluN3 NMDARs in enteric neurons from both mouse and guinea-pig. Pharmacological inhibition or potentiation of GluN1-GluN3 NMDARs had opposite effects on mouse colonic motor activities, while genetically driven loss of SR impairs gut transit and fluid content of pellet output. Our results demonstrate the existence of native GluN1-GluN3 NMDARs in enteric neurons and open new perspectives on the exploration of excitatory d-Ser receptors in gut function and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Osorio
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, UMR 7291, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche en Neurophysiologie et Neuroscience de Marseille, UMR 7286, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Marina Fortea
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Virginie Penalba
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, UMR 7291, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche en Neurophysiologie et Neuroscience de Marseille, UMR 7286, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Cindy J. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Werend Boesmans
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Amit V. Patel
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Grégoire Mondielli
- Centre de Recherche en Neurophysiologie et Neuroscience de Marseille, UMR 7286, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Sandrine Conrod
- Centre de Recherche en Neurophysiologie et Neuroscience de Marseille, UMR 7286, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Amandine Papin
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, UMR 7291, Marseille, France
| | - Jumpei Sasabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Delmas
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC), Aix-Marseille-Université, CNRS, UMR 7291, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche en Neurophysiologie et Neuroscience de Marseille, UMR 7286, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Mothet
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM UMR U862, Bordeaux, France
- Centre de Recherche en Neurophysiologie et Neuroscience de Marseille, UMR 7286, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn UMR9024, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
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36
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Yegla B, Rani A, Kumar A. Viral vector-mediated upregulation of serine racemase expression in medial prefrontal cortex improves learning and synaptic function in middle age rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2433-2449. [PMID: 37052995 PMCID: PMC10120901 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
An age-associated decrease in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic function contributes to impaired synaptic plasticity and is associated with cognitive impairments. Levels of serine racemase (SR), an enzyme that synthesizes D-serine, an NMDAR co-agonist, decline with age. Thus, enhancing NMDAR function via increased SR expression in middle age, when subtle declines in cognition emerge, was predicted to enhance performance on a prefrontal cortex-mediated task sensitive to aging. Middle-aged (~12 mo) male Fischer-344 rats were injected bilaterally in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) with viral vector (LV), SR (LV-SR) or control (LV-GFP). Rats were trained on the operant attentional set-shift task (AST) to examine cognitive flexibility and attentional function. LV-SR rats exhibited a faster rate of learning compared to controls during visual discrimination of the AST. Extradimensional set shifting and reversal were not impacted. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that LV-SR significantly increased SR expression in the mPFC. Electrophysiological characterization of synaptic transmission in the mPFC slices obtained from LV-GFP and LV-SR animals indicated a significant increase in isolated NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses in LV-SR slices. Thus, results of the current study demonstrated that prefrontal SR upregulation in middle age rats can improve learning of task contingencies for visual discrimination and increase glutamatergic synaptic transmission, including NMDAR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Yegla
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Asha Rani
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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37
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Wang C, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang Y, Yan X, Deng X, Shi J. Scutellarin Alleviates Ischemic Brain Injury in the Acute Phase by Affecting the Activity of Neurotransmitters in Neurons. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073181. [PMID: 37049959 PMCID: PMC10095904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic stroke is a common neuron loss disease that is caused by the interruption of the blood supply to the brain. In order to enhance the CIS outcome, both identifying the treatment target of ischemic brain damage in the acute phase and developing effective therapies are urgently needed. Scutellarin had been found to be beneficial to ischemic injuries and has been shown to have potent effects in clinical application on both stroke and myocardial infarction. However, whether scutellarin improves ischemic brain damage in the acute phase remains unknown. In this study, the protective effects of scutellarin on ischemic brain damage in the acute phase (within 12 h) were illustrated. In middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) modeling rats, the Z-Longa score was significantly down-regulated by 25% and 23.1%, and the brain infarct size was reduced by 26.95 ± 0.03% and 25.63 ± 0.02% when responding to high-dose and low-dose scutellarin treatments, respectively. H&E and TUNEL staining results indicated that the neuron loss of the ischemic region was improved under scutellarin treatment. In order to investigate the mechanism of scutellarin's effects on ischemic brain damage in the acute phase, changes in proteins and metabolites were analyzed. The suppression of scutellarin on the glutamate-inducing excitatory amino acid toxicity was strongly indicated in the study of both proteomics and metabolomics. A molecular docking experiment presented strong interactions between scutellarin and glutamate receptors, which score much higher than those of memantine. Further, by performing a parallel reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (PRM-MS) study on both the cortex and hippocampus tissue of the ischemic region, we screened the scutellarin-regulating molecules that are involved in both the release and transportation of neurotransmitters. It was found that the aberrant levels of glutamate receptors, including EAAT2, GRIN1, GRIN2B, and GRM1, as well as of other glutamatergic pathway-involving proteins, including CAMKK2, PSD95, and nNOS, were significantly regulated in the ischemic cortex. In the hippocampus, EAAT2, GRIN1, nNOS, and CAM were significantly regulated. Taken together, scutellarin exerts potent effects on ischemic brain damage in the acute phase by regulating the activity of neurotransmitters and reducing the toxicity of excitatory amino acids in in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Yaoyu Liu
- School of Trational Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Xingli Yan
- School of Trational Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Xinqi Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jinli Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
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38
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de Dios SMR, Hass JL, Graham DL, Kumar N, Antony AE, Morton MD, Berkowitz DB. Information-Rich, Dual-Function 13C/ 2H-Isotopic Crosstalk NMR Assay for Human Serine Racemase (hSR) Provides a PLP-Enzyme "Partitioning Fingerprint" and Reveals Disparate Chemotypes for hSR Inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3158-3174. [PMID: 36696670 PMCID: PMC11103274 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The first dual-function assay for human serine racemase (hSR), the only bona fide racemase in human biology, is reported. The hSR racemization function is essential for neuronal signaling, as the product, d-serine (d-Ser), is a potent N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) coagonist, important for learning and memory, with dysfunctional d-Ser-signaling being observed in some neuronal disorders. The second hSR function is β-elimination and gives pyruvate; this activity is elevated in colorectal cancer. This new NMR-based assay allows one to monitor both α-proton-exchange chemistry and β-elimination using only the native l-Ser substrate and hSR and is the most sensitive such assay. The assay judiciously employs segregated dual 13C-labeling and 13C/2H crosstalk, exploiting both the splitting and shielding effects of deuterium. The assay is deployed to screen a 1020-compound library and identifies an indolo-chroman-2,4-dione inhibitor family that displays allosteric site binding behavior (noncompetitive inhibition vs l-Ser substrate; competitive inhibition vs adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)). This assay also reveals important mechanistic information for hSR; namely, that H/D exchange is ∼13-fold faster than racemization, implying that K56 protonates the carbanionic intermediate on the si-face much faster than does S84 on the re-face. Moreover, the 13C NMR peak pattern seen is suggestive of internal return, pointing to K56 as the likely enamine-protonating residue for β-elimination. The 13C/2H-isotopic crosstalk assay has also been applied to the enzyme tryptophan synthase and reveals a dramatically different partition ratio in this active site (β-replacement: si-face protonation ∼6:1 vs β-elimination: si-face protonation ∼1:3.6 for hSR), highlighting the value of this approach for fingerprinting the pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) enzyme mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nivesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Aina E. Antony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Martha D. Morton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
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D-Amino Acids and Cancer: Friends or Foes? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043274. [PMID: 36834677 PMCID: PMC9962368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
α-amino acids exist in two configurations, named D-(dextro) and L-(levo) enantiomers. L-amino acids are used in protein synthesis and play a central role in cell metabolism. The effects of the L-amino acid composition of foods and the dietary modifications of this composition on the efficacy of cancer therapies have been widely investigated in relation to the growth and reproduction of cancerous cells. However, less is known about the involvement of D-amino acids. In recent decades, D-amino acids have been identified as natural biomolecules that play interesting and specific roles as common components of the human diet. Here, we focus on recent investigations showing altered D-amino acid levels in specific cancer types and on the various roles proposed for these biomolecules related to cancer cell proliferation, cell protection during therapy, and as putative, innovative biomarkers. Notwithstanding recent progress, the relationship between the presence of D-amino acids, their nutritional value, and cancer cell proliferation and survival represents an underrated scientific issue. Few studies on human samples have been reported to date, suggesting a need for routine analysis of D-amino acid content and an evaluation of the enzymes involved in regulating their levels in clinical samples in the near future.
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Chemogenetic emulation of intraneuronal oxidative stress affects synaptic plasticity. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102604. [PMID: 36640726 PMCID: PMC9852792 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a state of disrupted redox signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, and oxidative cell damage, accompanies numerous brain pathologies, including aging-related dementia and Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative disorder of the elderly population. However, a causative role of neuronal oxidative stress in the development of aging-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration remains elusive because of the lack of approaches for modeling isolated oxidative injury in the brain. Here, we present a chemogenetic approach based on the yeast flavoprotein d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) for the generation of intraneuronal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To validate this chemogenetic tool, DAAO and HyPer7, an ultrasensitive genetically encoded H2O2 biosensor, were targeted to neurons. Changes in the fluorescence of HyPer7 upon treatment of neurons expressing DAAO with d-norvaline (D-Nva), a DAAO substrate, confirmed chemogenetically induced production of intraneuornal H2O2. Then, using the verified chemogenetic tool, we emulated isolated intraneuronal oxidative stress in acute brain slices and, using electrophysiological recordings, revealed that it does not alter basal synaptic transmission and the probability of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals but reduces long-term potentiation (LTP). Moreover, treating neurons expressing DAAO with D-Nva via the patch pipette also decreases LTP. This observation indicates that isolated oxidative stress affects synaptic plasticity at single cell level. Our results broaden the toolset for studying normal redox regulation in the brain and elucidating the role of oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of cognitive aging and the early stages of aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. The proposed approach is useful for identification of early markers of neuronal oxidative stress and may be used in screens of potential antioxidants effective against neuronal oxidative injury.
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Dumontier D, Mailhes-Hamon C, Supplisson S, Dieudonné S. Neurotransmitter content heterogeneity within an interneuron class shapes inhibitory transmission at a central synapse. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1060189. [PMID: 36687523 PMCID: PMC9846633 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1060189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter content is deemed the most basic defining criterion for neuronal classes, contrasting with the intercellular heterogeneity of many other molecular and functional features. Here we show, in the adult mouse brain, that neurotransmitter content variegation within a neuronal class is a component of its functional heterogeneity. Golgi cells (GoCs), the well-defined class of cerebellar interneurons inhibiting granule cells (GrCs), contain cytosolic glycine, accumulated by the neuronal transporter GlyT2, and GABA in various proportions. By performing acute manipulations of cytosolic GABA and glycine supply, we find that competition of glycine with GABA reduces the charge of IPSC evoked in GrCs and, more specifically, the amplitude of a slow component of the IPSC decay. We then pair GrCs recordings with optogenetic stimulations of single GoCs, which preserve the intracellular transmitter mixed content. We show that the strength and decay kinetics of GrCs IPSCs, which are entirely mediated by GABAA receptors, are negatively correlated to the presynaptic expression of GlyT2 by GoCs. We isolate a slow spillover component of GrCs inhibition that is also affected by the expression of GlyT2, leading to a 56% decrease in relative charge. Our results support the hypothesis that presynaptic loading of glycine negatively impacts the GABAergic transmission in mixed interneurons, most likely through a competition for vesicular filling. We discuss how the heterogeneity of neurotransmitter supply within mixed interneurons like the GoC class may provide a presynaptic mechanism to tune the gain of microcircuits such as the granular layer, thereby expanding the realm of their possible dynamic behaviors.
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Goenaga J, Araque A, Kofuji P, Herrera Moro Chao D. Calcium signaling in astrocytes and gliotransmitter release. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 15:1138577. [PMID: 36937570 PMCID: PMC10017551 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1138577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glia are as numerous in the brain as neurons and widely known to serve supportive roles such as structural scaffolding, extracellular ionic and neurotransmitter homeostasis, and metabolic support. However, over the past two decades, several lines of evidence indicate that astrocytes, which are a type of glia, play active roles in neural information processing. Astrocytes, although not electrically active, can exhibit a form of excitability by dynamic changes in intracellular calcium levels. They sense synaptic activity and release neuroactive substances, named gliotransmitters, that modulate neuronal activity and synaptic transmission in several brain areas, thus impacting animal behavior. This "dialogue" between astrocytes and neurons is embodied in the concept of the tripartite synapse that includes astrocytes as integral elements of synaptic function. Here, we review the recent work and discuss how astrocytes via calcium-mediated excitability modulate synaptic information processing at various spatial and time scales.
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Yovanno RA, Chou TH, Brantley SJ, Furukawa H, Lau AY. Excitatory and inhibitory D-serine binding to the NMDA receptor. eLife 2022; 11:e77645. [PMID: 36301074 PMCID: PMC9612912 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) uniquely require binding of two different neurotransmitter agonists for synaptic transmission. D-serine and glycine bind to one subunit, GluN1, while glutamate binds to the other, GluN2. These agonists bind to the receptor's bi-lobed ligand-binding domains (LBDs), which close around the agonist during receptor activation. To better understand the unexplored mechanisms by which D-serine contributes to receptor activation, we performed multi-microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of the GluN1/GluN2A LBD dimer with free D-serine and glutamate agonists. Surprisingly, we observed D-serine binding to both GluN1 and GluN2A LBDs, suggesting that D-serine competes with glutamate for binding to GluN2A. This mechanism is confirmed by our electrophysiology experiments, which show that D-serine is indeed inhibitory at high concentrations. Although free energy calculations indicate that D-serine stabilizes the closed GluN2A LBD, its inhibitory behavior suggests that it either does not remain bound long enough or does not generate sufficient force for ion channel gating. We developed a workflow using pathway similarity analysis to identify groups of residues working together to promote binding. These conformation-dependent pathways were not significantly impacted by the presence of N-linked glycans, which act primarily by interacting with the LBD bottom lobe to stabilize the closed LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy A Yovanno
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Tsung Han Chou
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Sarah J Brantley
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Albert Y Lau
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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Sakamoto T, Odera K, Onozato M, Sugasawa H, Takahashi R, Fujimaki Y, Fukushima T. Direct Fluorescence Evaluation of d-Amino Acid Oxidase Activity Using a Synthetic d-Kynurenine Derivative. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14530-14536. [PMID: 36222234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
d-Amino acid oxidase (DAO) has been suggested to be associated with the central nervous system diseases, such as schizophrenia. We newly synthesized a nonfluorescent 5-methylthio-d-kynurenine (MeS-d-KYN), which was converted to blue-fluorescent 6-MeS-kynurenic acid (MeS-KYNA, λex = 364 nm, λem = 450 nm) through a one-step reaction by incubation with DAO. It was revealed that fluorescence intensity increased accompanied by commercial porcine kidney DAO activity (unit) with a good correlation (R2 = 0.9972), suggesting that the fluorometric evaluation of DAO activity using MeS-d-KYN is feasible. MeS-d-KYN was applied to fluorescent DAO imaging in cultured LLC-PK1 cells, and the blue fluorescence of MeS-KYNA overlapped considerably with the location of peroxisomes, which was suggested to be the location of DAO in the cells. Because fluorescence was diminished in the presence of 6-chloro-1,2-benzisoxazol-3(2H)-one (CBIO), a DAO inhibitor, it was considered that DAO activity in cells could be directly evaluated using MeS-d-KYN as the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba274-8510, Japan
| | - Keiko Odera
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba274-8510, Japan
| | - Mayu Onozato
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba274-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugasawa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba274-8510, Japan
| | - Ryoya Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba274-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuto Fujimaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Jonan Branch, 1-20-20 minamikamata, Ota-ku, Tokyo144-0035, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukushima
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba274-8510, Japan
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Promising Application of D-Amino Acids toward Clinical Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810794. [PMID: 36142706 PMCID: PMC9503604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The versatile roles of D-amino acids (D-AAs) in foods, diseases, and organisms, etc., have been widely reported. They have been regarded, not only as biomarkers of diseases but also as regulators of the physiological function of organisms. Over the past few decades, increasing data has revealed that D-AAs have great potential in treating disease. D-AAs also showed overwhelming success in disengaging biofilm, which might provide promise to inhibit microbial infection. Moreover, it can effectively restrain the growth of cancer cells. Herein, we reviewed recent reports on the potential of D-AAs as therapeutic agents for treating neurological disease or tissue/organ injury, ameliorating reproduction function, preventing biofilm infection, and inhibiting cancer cell growth. Additionally, we also reviewed the potential application of D-AAs in drug modification, such as improving biostability and efficiency, which has a better effect on therapy or diagnosis.
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Uda K, Moe LA. Distribution and evolution of the serine/aspartate racemase family in invertebrates. II. Frequent and widespread parallel evolution of aspartate racemase. J Biochem 2022; 172:303-311. [PMID: 35997160 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that invertebrate animal serine racemase (SerR) and aspartate racemase (AspR) evolved from a common ancestral gene and are widely distributed. However, the overall molecular evolutionary background of these genes has remained unclear. In the present study we have cloned, expressed and characterized five SerR and three AspR genes from six invertebrate species. The coexistence of SerR and AspR paralogs has been observed in some species, and the presence of both SerR and AspR is here confirmed in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano, the feather star Anneissia japonica, the ark shell Anadara broughtonii and the sea hare Aplysia californica. Comparison of the gene structures revealed the evolution of SerR and AspR. The ancestral species of metazoans probably had a single SerR gene, and the first gene duplication in the common ancestor species of the eumetazoans occurred after the divergence of porifera and eumetazoans, yielding two SerR genes. Most eumetazoans lost one of the two SerR genes, while the echinoderm Anneissia japonica retained both genes. Furthermore, it is clear that invertebrate AspR genes arose through parallel evolution by duplication of the SerR gene followed by substitution of amino acid residues necessary for substrate recognition in multiple lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Uda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Luke A Moe
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 311 Plant Science Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA
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Ribeiro HC, Sen P, Dickens A, Santa Cruz EC, Orešič M, Sussulini A. Metabolomic and proteomic profiling in bipolar disorder patients revealed potential molecular signatures related to hemostasis. Metabolomics 2022; 18:65. [PMID: 35922643 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder characterized by the occurrence of depressive episodes alternating with episodes of elevated mood (known as mania). There is also an increased risk of other medical comorbidities. OBJECTIVES This work uses a systems biology approach to compare BD treated patients with healthy controls (HCs), integrating proteomics and metabolomics data using partial correlation analysis in order to observe the interactions between altered proteins and metabolites, as well as proposing a potential metabolic signature panel for the disease. METHODS Data integration between proteomics and metabolomics was performed using GC-MS data and label-free proteomics from the same individuals (N = 13; 5 BD, 8 HC) using generalized canonical correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis, and then building a correlation network between metabolites and proteins. Ridge-logistic regression models were developed to stratify between BD and HC groups using an extended metabolomics dataset (N = 28; 14 BD, 14 HC), applying a recursive feature elimination for the optimal selection of the metabolites. RESULTS Network analysis demonstrated links between proteins and metabolites, pointing to possible alterations in hemostasis of BD patients. Ridge-logistic regression model indicated a molecular signature comprising 9 metabolites, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.833 (95% CI 0.817-0.914). CONCLUSION From our results, we conclude that several metabolic processes are related to BD, which can be considered as a multi-system disorder. We also demonstrate the feasibility of partial correlation analysis for integration of proteomics and metabolomics data in a case-control study setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Caracho Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Partho Sen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alex Dickens
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Elisa Castañeda Santa Cruz
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Matej Orešič
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Sussulini
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, PO Box 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica (INCTBio), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
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Bauminger H, Gaisler-Salomon I. Beyond NMDA Receptors: Homeostasis at the Glutamate Tripartite Synapse and Its Contributions to Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8617. [PMID: 35955750 PMCID: PMC9368772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are core symptoms of schizophrenia but remain poorly addressed by dopamine-based antipsychotic medications. Glutamate abnormalities are implicated in schizophrenia-related cognitive deficits. While the role of the NMDA receptor has been extensively studied, less attention was given to other components that control glutamate homeostasis. Glutamate dynamics at the tripartite synapse include presynaptic and postsynaptic components and are tightly regulated by neuron-astrocyte crosstalk. Here, we delineate the role of glutamate homeostasis at the tripartite synapse in schizophrenia-related cognitive dysfunction. We focus on cognitive domains that can be readily measured in humans and rodents, i.e., working memory, recognition memory, cognitive flexibility, and response inhibition. We describe tasks used to measure cognitive function in these domains in humans and rodents, and the relevance of glutamate alterations in these domains. Next, we delve into glutamate tripartite synaptic components and summarize findings that implicate the relevance of these components to specific cognitive domains. These collective findings indicate that neuron-astrocyte crosstalk at the tripartite synapse is essential for cognition, and that pre- and postsynaptic components play a critical role in maintaining glutamate homeostasis and cognitive well-being. The contribution of these components to cognitive function should be considered in order to better understand the role played by glutamate signaling in cognition and develop efficient pharmacological treatment avenues for schizophrenia treatment-resistant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Bauminger
- School of Psychological Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Inna Gaisler-Salomon
- School of Psychological Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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Baier MP, Nagaraja RY, Yarbrough HP, Owen DB, Masingale AM, Ranjit R, Stiles MA, Murphy A, Agbaga MP, Ahmad M, Sherry DM, Kinter MT, Van Remmen H, Logan S. Selective Ablation of Sod2 in Astrocytes Induces Sex-Specific Effects on Cognitive Function, d-Serine Availability, and Astrogliosis. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5992-6006. [PMID: 35760531 PMCID: PMC9351643 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2543-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a debilitating aspect of aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species, neuroinflammation, and astrogliosis. This study investigated the effects of decreased mitochondrial antioxidant response specifically in astrocytes on cognitive performance and neuronal function in C57BL/6J mice using a tamoxifen-inducible astrocyte-specific knockout of manganese superoxide dismutase (aSOD2-KO), a mitochondrial matrix antioxidant that detoxifies superoxide generated during mitochondrial respiration. We reduced astrocyte SOD2 levels in male and female mice at 11-12 months of age and tested in an automated home cage (PhenoTyper) apparatus for diurnal patterns, spatial learning, and memory function at 15 months of age. aSOD2-KO impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial working memory and decreased cognitive flexibility in the reversal phase of the testing paradigm in males. Female aSOD2-KO showed no learning and memory deficits compared with age-matched controls despite significant reduction in hippocampal SOD2 expression. aSOD2-KO males further showed decreased hippocampal long-term potentiation, but paired-pulse facilitation was unaffected. Levels of d-serine, an NMDA receptor coagonist, were also reduced in aSOD2-KO mice, but female knockouts showed a compensatory increase in serine racemase expression. Furthermore, aSOD2-KO mice demonstrated increased density of astrocytes, indicative of astrogliosis, in the hippocampus compared with age-matched controls. These data demonstrate that reduction in mitochondrial antioxidant stress response in astrocytes recapitulates age-related deficits in cognitive function, d-serine availability, and astrogliosis. Therefore, improving astrocyte mitochondrial homeostasis may provide a therapeutic target for intervention for cognitive impairment in aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Diminished antioxidant response is associated with increased astrogliosis in aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is an antioxidant in the mitochondrial matrix that detoxifies superoxide and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis. We show that astrocytic ablation of SOD2 impairs hippocampal-dependent plasticity in spatial working memory, reduces long-term potentiation of hippocampal neurons and levels of the neuromodulator d-serine, and increases astrogliosis, consistent with defects in advanced aging and Alzheimer's disease. Our data provide strong evidence for sex-specific effects of astrocytic SOD2 functions in age-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Baier
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Raghavendra Y Nagaraja
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Hannah P Yarbrough
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Daniel B Owen
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Anthony M Masingale
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Megan A Stiles
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Ashley Murphy
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Martin-Paul Agbaga
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
- Neuroscience Program, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmad
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - David M Sherry
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
- Neuroscience Program, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
- Neuroscience Program, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
- VA Oklahoma City Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
- Neuroscience Program, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
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Lombardo B, Pagani M, De Rosa A, Nunziato M, Migliarini S, Garofalo M, Terrile M, D’Argenio V, Galbusera A, Nuzzo T, Ranieri A, Vitale A, Leggiero E, Di Maio A, Barsotti N, Borello U, Napolitano F, Mandarino A, Carotenuto M, Heresco-Levy U, Pasqualetti M, Malatesta P, Gozzi A, Errico F, Salvatore F, Pastore L, Usiello A. D-aspartate oxidase gene duplication induces social recognition memory deficit in mice and intellectual disabilities in humans. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:305. [PMID: 35915065 PMCID: PMC9343392 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The D-aspartate oxidase (DDO) gene encodes the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of D-aspartate, an atypical amino acid enriched in the mammalian brain and acting as an endogenous NMDA receptor agonist. Considering the key role of NMDA receptors in neurodevelopmental disorders, recent findings suggest a link between D-aspartate dysmetabolism and schizophrenia. To clarify the role of D-aspartate on brain development and functioning, we used a mouse model with constitutive Ddo overexpression and D-aspartate depletion. In these mice, we found reduced number of BrdU-positive dorsal pallium neurons during corticogenesis, and decreased cortical and striatal gray matter volume at adulthood. Brain abnormalities were associated with social recognition memory deficit at juvenile phase, suggesting that early D-aspartate occurrence influences neurodevelopmental related phenotypes. We corroborated this hypothesis by reporting the first clinical case of a young patient with severe intellectual disability, thought disorders and autism spectrum disorder symptomatology, harboring a duplication of a chromosome 6 region, including the entire DDO gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lombardo
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Pagani
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Arianna De Rosa
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Nunziato
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Migliarini
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Unità di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Garofalo
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy ,grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marta Terrile
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Dipartimento di Oncologia, Biologia e Genetica, Università di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy ,grid.496862.70000 0004 0544 6263Present Address: Novartis Ireland ltd, D04A9N6 Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Valeria D’Argenio
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy ,Dipartimento di Promozione delle Scienze Umane e della Qualità della Vita, Università San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Galbusera
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Tommaso Nuzzo
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy ,grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Annaluisa Ranieri
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Vitale
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Leggiero
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Maio
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Barsotti
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Unità di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Borello
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Unità di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Napolitano
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mandarino
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Carotenuto
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Uriel Heresco-Levy
- grid.414060.70000 0004 0470 6676Research and Psychiatry Departments, Ezrath Nashim-Herzog Memorial Hospital, 9190501 Jerusalem, Israel ,grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, 9190501 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Massimo Pasqualetti
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, Italy ,grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Unità di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Malatesta
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy ,grid.410345.70000 0004 1756 7871Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gozzi
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Francesco Errico
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XCEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145, Naples, Italy. .,Centro Interuniversitario per Malattie Multigeniche e Multifattoriali e loro modelli animali (Federico II, 80131, Naples; Tor Vergata, Rome and "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara), Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucio Pastore
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145, Naples, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Usiello
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145, Naples, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
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