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Capetini VC, Quintanilha BJ, Garcia BREV, Rogero MM. Dietary modulation of microRNAs in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 133:109714. [PMID: 39097171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Various molecular mechanisms have been proposed to interfere with the insulin signaling pathway. Recent advances in proteomics and genomics indicate that one such mechanism involves the post-transcriptional regulation of insulin signaling by microRNA (miRNA). These noncoding RNAs typically induce messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or translational repression by interacting with the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNA. Dietary components and patterns, which can either enhance or impair the insulin signaling pathway, have been found to regulate miRNA expression in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of how dietary components influence the expression of miRNAs related to the control of the insulin signaling pathway and discusses the potential application of these findings in precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Cooper Capetini
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory (GENUIN), Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Bruna Jardim Quintanilha
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory (GENUIN), Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ruschel Ewald Vega Garcia
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory (GENUIN), Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory (GENUIN), Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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El-Mouty Raslan MA, Kassem IAA, Ghaly NS, El-Manawaty MA, Melek FR, Nabil M. Aloe juvenna Brandham & S.Carter as α-Amylase Inhibitor and Hypoglycaemic Agent with Anti-inflammatory Properties for Diabetes Management. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400245. [PMID: 38436134 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite Aloe's traditional use, Aloe juvenna Brandham & S.Carter is poorly characterized. Other Aloes are known for their antidiabetic activity. This study describes the antidiabetic potentials and phytoconstituents of the A. juvenna leaves methanolic extract (AJME). Twenty-six phytoconstituents of AJME were described using HPLC/MS-MS. Lupeol and vitexin were isolated using column chromatography. The antidiabetic activity of AJME was investigated using an in vivo high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model and in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity assays. AJME demonstrated its α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50=313±39.9 ppm) with no effect on α-glucosidase. In vivo, AJME dose-dependently improved hyperglycaemia in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Notably, the higher dose (1600 mg/kg) of AJME significantly downregulated serum interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 genes, suggesting its anti-inflammatory effect. These findings indicate AJME's potential as a significant antidiabetic agent through its α-amylase inhibition, hypoglycaemic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abd El-Mouty Raslan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Iman AbdelKhalek AbdelKhalek Kassem
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neveen Sabry Ghaly
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - May Aly El-Manawaty
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Farouk Rasmy Melek
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marian Nabil
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
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da C. Pinaffi-Langley AC, Melia E, Hays FA. Exploring the Gut-Mitochondrial Axis: p66Shc Adapter Protein and Its Implications for Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3656. [PMID: 38612468 PMCID: PMC11011581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review investigates the multifaceted role of the p66Shc adaptor protein and the gut microbiota in regulating mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, and their collective impact on the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. The study delves into the molecular mechanisms by which p66Shc influences cellular stress responses through Rac1 activation, Forkhead-type transcription factors inactivation, and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, alongside modulatory effects of gut microbiota-derived metabolites and endotoxins. Employing an integrative approach, the review synthesizes findings from a broad array of studies, including molecular biology techniques and analyses of microbial metabolites' impacts on host cellular pathways. The results underscore a complex interplay between microbial metabolites, p66Shc activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, highlighting the significance of the gut microbiome in influencing disease outcomes through oxidative stress pathways. Conclusively, the review posits that targeting the gut microbiota-p66Shc-mitochondrial axis could offer novel therapeutic strategies for mitigating the development and progression of metabolic diseases. This underscores the potential of dietary interventions and microbiota modulation in managing oxidative stress and inflammation, pivotal factors in chronic disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara da C. Pinaffi-Langley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (A.C.d.C.P.-L.); (E.M.)
| | - Elizabeth Melia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (A.C.d.C.P.-L.); (E.M.)
| | - Franklin A. Hays
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (A.C.d.C.P.-L.); (E.M.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
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4
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Engin AB. Mechanism of Obesity-Related Lipotoxicity and Clinical Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:131-166. [PMID: 39287851 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The link between cellular exposure to fatty acid species and toxicity phenotypes remains poorly understood. However, structural characterization and functional profiling of human plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) analysis has revealed that FFAs are located either in the toxic cluster or in the cluster that is transcriptionally responsive to lipotoxic stress and creates genetic risk factors. Genome-wide short hairpin RNA screen has identified more than 350 genes modulating lipotoxicity. Hypertrophic adipocytes in obese adipose are both unable to expand further to store excess lipids in the diet and are resistant to the antilipolytic action of insulin. In addition to lipolysis, the inability of packaging the excess lipids into lipid droplets causes circulating fatty acids to reach toxic levels in non-adipose tissues. Deleterious effects of accumulated lipid in non-adipose tissues are known as lipotoxicity. Although triglycerides serve a storage function for long-chain non-esterified fatty acid and their products such as ceramide and diacylglycerols (DAGs), overloading of palmitic acid fraction of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) raises ceramide levels. The excess DAG and ceramide load create harmful effects on multiple organs and systems, inducing chronic inflammation in obesity. Thus, lipotoxic inflammation results in β cells death and pancreatic islets dysfunction. Endoplasmic reticulum stress stimuli induce lipolysis by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 signaling in adipocytes. However, palmitic acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-autophagy axis in hypertrophic adipocytes is a pro-survival mechanism against endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death induced by SFAs. Endoplasmic reticulum-localized acyl-coenzyme A (CoA): glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) enzymes are mediators of lipotoxicity, and inhibiting these enzymes has therapeutic potential for lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity increases the number of autophagosomes, which engulf palmitic acid, and thus suppress the autophagic turnover. Fatty acid desaturation promotes palmitate detoxification and storages into triglycerides. As therapeutic targets of glucolipotoxicity, in addition to caloric restriction and exercise, there are four different pharmacological approaches, which consist of metformin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) ligands thiazolidinediones, and chaperones are still used in clinical practice. Furthermore, induction of the brown fat-like phenotype with the mixture of eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid appears as a potential therapeutic application for treatment of lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey.
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Bungau SG, Vesa CM, Bustea C, Purza AL, Tit DM, Brisc MC, Radu AF. Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Potential of Essential Oils in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16501. [PMID: 38003691 PMCID: PMC10671358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the earliest times, essential oils (EOs) have been utilized for medicinal and traditional purposes. However, in recent decades, an increasing interest has developed due to the need to rediscover herbal remedies and adjuvant therapies for the management of various diseases, particularly chronic ones. The present narrative review examines the potential for EOs to exert hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects in diabetes mellitus, analyzing the main publications having evaluated plant species with potentially beneficial effects through their phytocompounds in diabetes mellitus and its complications. Numerous species have shown promising characteristics that can be used in diabetes management. The hypoglycemic effects of these EOs are attributed to their capacity to stimulate glucose uptake, suppress glucose production, and increase insulin sensitivity. Moreover, EOs can alleviate the oxidative stress by manifesting their antioxidant effects via a variety of mechanisms, including the scavenging of free radicals, the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, and the decreasing of lipid peroxidation, due to their diverse chemical composition. These findings demonstrate the possible benefits of EOs as adjuvant therapeutic agents in the management of diabetes and its complications. The use of EOs in the treatment of diabetes shows good potential for the development of natural and effective strategies to enhance the health outcomes of people with this chronic condition, but additional experimental endorsements are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Cristian Bustea
- Department of Surgery, Oradea County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 410169 Oradea, Romania
| | - Anamaria Lavinia Purza
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Mihaela Cristina Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Ahmed M, Biswas T, Mondal S. The strategic involvement of IRS in cancer progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 680:141-160. [PMID: 37738904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS), an intracellular molecule devoid of an intrinsic kinase activity, is activated upon binding to IR which thereby works as a scaffold, organizing all signaling complexes and initiating the signaling process downstream. The level of IRS proteins and their stability in the cell is mostly maintained through the phosphorylation status of their tyrosine and serine residues. IRS is positively regulated by phosphorylation of its Tyr residues whereas a Ser residue phosphorylation attenuates it, although there exist some exceptions as well. Other post-translational modifications like O-linked glycosylation, N-linked glycosylation and acetylation also play a prominent role in IRS regulation. Since the discovery of the Warburg effect, people have been curious to find out all possible signaling networks and molecules that could lead to cancer and no doubt, the insulin signaling pathway is identified as one such pathway, which is highly deregulated in cancers. Eminent studies reveal that IRS is a pertinent regulator of cancer and is highly overexpressed in the five most commonly occurring cancers namely- Prostate, Ovarian, Breast, Colon and Lung cancers. IRS1 and IRS2 family members are actively involved in the progression, invasion and metastasis of these cancers. Recently, less studied IRS4 has also emerged as a contributor in ovarian, breast, colorectal and lung cancer, but no such studies related to IRS4 are found in Prostate cancer. The involvement of other IRS family members in cancer is still undiscovered and so paves the way for further exploration. This review is a time-lapse study of IRSs in the context of cancer done over the past two decades and it highlights all the major discoveries made till date, in these cancers from the perspective of IRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehnaz Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Tannishtha Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, West Bengal, India.
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Alkhalidy H, Al-Nabulsi A, Mhawish R, Liu D. Low-dose of phenolic rich extract from Annona squamosa Linn leaves ameliorates insulin sensitivity and reduces body weight gain in HF diet-induced obesity. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1146021. [PMID: 37538926 PMCID: PMC10394232 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1146021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk and severity of several diseases. This study aimed to explore whether the aqueous extract of Annona squamosa Linn leaves (ASE) can ameliorate metabolic abnormalities associated with high fat (HF) diet-induced obesity. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were distributed among four treatment groups: a standard low-fat diet group, a HF diet group, and two HF diet groups with a daily oral dose of ASE (100 or 200 mg/kg body weights) administered for 9 weeks. Daily energy intake, body weight, blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance were evaluated. At the end of the study, organs, and tissues were collected and weighed for analysis, and blood samples were collected to determine the serum insulin levels and serum liver enzymes. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical antioxidant activity of the ASE were evaluated. Oral administration of the low dose of ASE to HF diet-fed rats significantly reduced the long-term food intake and body weight gain without altering adiposity compared with untreated HF diet-fed rats. This outcome was accompanied by a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity and a reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels measured at weeks 6 and 9 of the study. The high dose of ASE had a short-term effect on body weight gain and food and caloric intake, and in the long-term, it improved FBG levels measured at weeks 6 and 9 of the study. The high dose of ASE resulted in hyperinsulinemia and high homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value compared to healthy rats. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 74.9 ± 0.491 mg of gallic acid equivalent and 20.0 ± 0.091 mg quercetin equivalent per g of ASE, respectively. The antioxidant activity of ASE expressed as half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was 8.43 ± 0.825 mg/mL. These data suggest that ASE can safely and potently reduce the development of insulin resistance induced by HF diet feeding and lowering body weight gain in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, College of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Anas Al-Nabulsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, College of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reham Mhawish
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, College of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Jones IC, Carnagarin R, Armstrong J, Lin DPL, Baxter-Holland M, Elahy M, Dass CR. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor: Inhibition of Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor (IR)/IR Substrate (IRS), Osteogeneration from Adipocytes, and Increased Levels Due to Doxorubicin Exposure. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1960. [PMID: 37514146 PMCID: PMC10384968 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has been recently linked to insulin resistance and is capable of differentiating myocytes to bone. We examined in more detail the intricate signalling of the insulin pathway influenced by PEDF in skeletal myocytes. We tested whether this serpin is also capable of generating de novo bone from adipocytes in vitro and in vivo, and how the anticancer drug doxorubicin links with PEDF and cellular metabolism. METHODS AND KEY FINDINGS We demonstrate that PEDF can inhibit phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) in skeletal myocytes. PEDF constitutively activates p42/44 MAPK/Erk, but paradoxically does not affect mitogenic signalling. PEDF did not perturb either mitochondrial activity or proliferation in cells representing mesenchymal stem cells, cardiomyocytes, and skeletal myocytes and adipocytes. PEDF induced transdifferentiation of adipocytes to osteoblasts, promoting bone formation in cultured adipocytes in vitro and gelfoam fatpad implants in vivo. Bone formation in white adipose tissue (WAT) was better than in brown adipose tissue (BAT). The frontline anticancer drug doxorubicin increased levels of PEDF in a human breast cancer cell line, mirroring the in vivo finding where cardiac muscle tissue was stained increasingly for PEDF as the dose of doxorubicin increased in mice. PEDF also increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) in the breast cancer cell line. CONCLUSIONS PEDF may be used to regenerate bone from adipose tissue in cases of trauma such as fractures or bone cancers. The increased presence of PEDF in doxorubicin-treated tumour cells need further exploration, and could be useful therapeutically in future. The safety of PEDF administration in vivo was further demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel C Jones
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine-Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Jo Armstrong
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Daphne P L Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Mia Baxter-Holland
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Mina Elahy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
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Makiel K, Suder A, Targosz A, Maciejczyk M, Haim A. Exercise-Induced Alternations of Adiponectin, Interleukin-8 and Indicators of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Males with Metabolic Syndrome. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050852. [PMID: 37238721 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin (ADIPO) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are proteins that play a significant, albeit opposing, role in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The reported data on the effect of physical activity on the levels of these hormones in the population of people with MetS are conflicting. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in hormone concentrations, insulin-resistance indices and body composition after two types of training. The study included 62 men with MetS (age 36.6 ± 6.9 years, body fat [BF] = 37.53 ± 4.5%), randomly assigned to: an experimental group EG1 (n = 21) with aerobic exercise intervention, an experimental group EG2 (n = 21) with combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention, both for 12 weeks, and a control group CG (n = 20) without interventions. Anthropometric measurements and body composition (fat-free mass [FFM], gynoid body fat [GYNOID]), as well as a biochemical blood analysis (adiponectin [ADIPO], interleukin-8 [IL-8], homeostatic model assessment-adiponectin (HOMA-AD) and homeostatic model assessment-triglycerides (HOMA-TG) were performed at baseline, and at 6 and 12 weeks of intervention and 4 weeks after the intervention (follow-up). Intergroup (between groups) and intragroup (within each group) changes were statistically evaluated. In the experimental groups EG1 and EG2, no significant changes were observed in the ADIPO concentration, but a decrease of GYNOID and insulin-resistance indices was confirmed. The aerobic training led to favorable changes in IL-8 concentration. The use of combined resistance and aerobic training led to improved body composition, decreased waist circumference and better insulin-resistance indices in men with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Makiel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Suder
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Targosz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Alon Haim
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 653, Israel
- Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 151, Israel
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10
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Di Pietro P, Izzo C, Abate AC, Iesu P, Rusciano MR, Venturini E, Visco V, Sommella E, Ciccarelli M, Carrizzo A, Vecchione C. The Dark Side of Sphingolipids: Searching for Potential Cardiovascular Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:168. [PMID: 36671552 PMCID: PMC9855992 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and illness in Europe and worldwide, responsible for a staggering 47% of deaths in Europe. Over the past few years, there has been increasing evidence pointing to bioactive sphingolipids as drivers of CVDs. Among them, most studies place emphasis on the cardiovascular effect of ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), reporting correlation between their aberrant expression and CVD risk factors. In experimental in vivo models, pharmacological inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis averts the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In humans, levels of circulating sphingolipids have been suggested as prognostic indicators for a broad spectrum of diseases. This article provides a comprehensive review of sphingolipids' contribution to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic diseases, focusing on the latest experimental and clinical findings. Cumulatively, these studies indicate that monitoring sphingolipid level alterations could allow for better assessment of cardiovascular disease progression and/or severity, and also suggest them as a potential target for future therapeutic intervention. Some approaches may include the down-regulation of specific sphingolipid species levels in the circulation, by inhibiting critical enzymes that catalyze ceramide metabolism, such as ceramidases, sphingomyelinases and sphingosine kinases. Therefore, manipulation of the sphingolipid pathway may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Carmine Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Angela Carmelita Abate
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paola Iesu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rusciano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Visco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
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Zhou Y, Liu L, Xiang R, Bu X, Qin G, Dai J, Zhao Z, Fang X, Yang S, Han J, Wang G. Arctigenin mitigates insulin resistance by modulating the IRS2/GLUT4 pathway via TLR4 in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109529. [PMID: 36481528 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arctigenin (AR), extracted from Arctium lappa L. (Burdock), is a folk herbal medicine used to treat diabetes. However, its mechanism of action has remained elusive. In this study, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice received AR orally for 10 weeks to evaluate its therapeutic effect based on changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, histological examination of target tissues, and liver immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, HepG2 insulin-resistant cells were established to verify the mechanism of AR against diabetes. The results showed that AR treatment reduced blood glucose and lipid levels, reversing liver as well as pancreas tissue damage in T2DM mice. AR reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of T2DM mice, as well as those in insulin-resistant HepG2 cell supernatants, while increasing interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels. The levels of p-p65, phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were reduced in the liver tissue of T2DM mice, accompanied by an upregulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2). In vitro studies further showed that AR downregulated toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammation, while upregulating insulin pathway-related proteins and ultimately improving glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. In conclusion, AR protected mice from insulin resistance, and its therapeutic effect was likely associated with inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 inflammatory signaling to reactivate IRS-2/GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China; Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center of Wannan Medical College, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ruoxuan Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xiaoyang Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Guozheng Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jiajia Dai
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu 241002, China; School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xue Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Jun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Guodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Drug Research & Development Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macromolecules, Wuhu 241002, China.
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12
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Vila IK, Guha S, Kalucka J, Olagnier D, Laguette N. Alternative pathways driven by STING: From innate immunity to lipid metabolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 68:54-68. [PMID: 36085258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is a major adaptor protein that is central to the initiation of type I interferon responses and proinflammatory signalling. STING-dependent signalling is triggered by the presence of cytosolic nucleic acids that are generated following pathogen infection or cellular stress. Beyond this central role in controlling immune responses through the production of cytokines and chemokines, recent reports have uncovered inflammation-independent STING functions. Amongst these, a rapidly growing body of evidence demonstrates a key role of STING in controlling metabolic pathways at several levels. Since immunity and metabolic homeostasis are tightly interconnected, these findings deepen our understanding of the involvement of STING in human pathologies. Here, we discuss these findings and reflect on their impact on our current understanding of how nucleic acid immunity controls homeostasis and promotes pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle K Vila
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Soumyabrata Guha
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Olagnier
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nadine Laguette
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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13
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Siddiqui S, Mateen S, Ahmad R, Moin S. A brief insight into the etiology, genetics, and immunology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:2439-2473. [PMID: 36190593 PMCID: PMC9723082 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevailing endocrine and metabolic disorder occurring in about 6-20% of females in reproductive age. Most symptoms of PCOS arise early during puberty. Since PCOS involves a combination of signs and symptoms, thus it is considered as a heterogeneous disorderliness. The most accepted diagnostic criteria is Rotterdam criteria which involves two of the latter three features: (a) hyperandrogenism, (b) oligo- or an-ovulation, and (c) polycystic ovaries. The persistent hormonal imbalance leads to multiple small antral follicles formation and irregular menstrual cycle, ultimately causing infertility among females. Insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, abdominal obesity, psychological disorders, infertility, and cancer are also related to PCOS. These pathophysiologies associated with PCOS are interrelated with each other. Hyperandrogenism causes insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, leading to ROS formation, oxidative stress, and abdominal adiposity. In consequence, inflammation, ROS production, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenemia also increase. Elevation of AGEs in the body either produced endogenously or consumed from diet exaggerates PCOS symptoms and is also related to ovarian dysfunction. This review summarizes how AGE formation, inflammation, and oxidative stress are significantly essential in PCOS progression. Alterations during prenatal development like exposure to excess AMH, androgens, or toxins (bisphenol-A, endocrine disruptors, etc.) may also be the etiologic mechanism behind PCOS. Although the etiology of this disorder is unclear, environmental and genetic factors are primarily involved. Physical inactivity, as well as unhealthy eating habits, has a vital role in the progression of PCOS. This review outlines a collection of specific genes phenotypically linked with PCOS. Furthermore, beneficial effect of metformin in maintaining endocrine abnormalities and ovarian function is also mentioned. Kisspeptin is a protein which helps in onset of puberty and increases GnRH pulsatile release during ovulation as well as role of KNDy neurons in GnRH pulsatile signal required for reproduction are also elaborated. This review also focuses on the immunology related to PCOS involving chronic low-grade inflammation, and how the alterations within the follicular microenvironment are intricated in the development of infertility in PCOS patients. How PCOS develops following antiepileptic and psychiatric medication is also expanded in this review. Initiation of antiandrogen treatment in early age (≤ 25 years) might be helpful in spontaneous conception in PCOS women. The role of BMP (bone morphogenetic proteins) in folliculogenesis and their expression in oocytes and granulosa cells are also explained. GDF8 and SERPINE1 expression in PCOS is given in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar, Pradesh -202002, India
| | - Somaiya Mateen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar, Pradesh -202002, India
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar, Pradesh -202002, India
| | - Shagufta Moin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar, Pradesh -202002, India.
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14
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Qian G, Morral N. Role of non-coding RNAs on liver metabolism and NAFLD pathogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:R4-R21. [PMID: 35417923 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are major contributors to the growing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic liver condition characterized by the accumulation of fat in individuals without a significant amount of alcohol intake. The NAFLD spectrum ranges from simple steatosis (early stages, known as NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which can progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Obesity, type 2 diabetes and NAFLD are strongly associated with insulin resistance. In the liver, insulin resistance increases hepatic glucose output, lipogenesis and very-low-density lipoprotein secretion, leading to a combination of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Aberrant gene expression is a hallmark of insulin resistance. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as prominent regulators of gene expression that operate at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. In the last couple of decades, a wealth of studies have provided evidence that most processes of liver metabolism are orchestrated by ncRNAs. This review focuses on the role of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs as coordinators of hepatic function, as well as the current understanding on how their dysregulation contributes to abnormal metabolism and pathophysiology in animal models of insulin resistance and NAFLD. Moreover, ncRNAs are emerging as useful biomarkers that may be able to discriminate between the different stages of NAFLD. The potential of ncRNAs as therapeutic drugs for NAFLD treatment and as biomarkers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene Qian
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Núria Morral
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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15
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Jeong JH, Lee DH, Song J. HMGB1 signaling pathway in diabetes-related dementia: Blood-brain barrier breakdown, brain insulin resistance, and Aβ accumulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112933. [PMID: 35413600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes contributes to the onset of various diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the similarities and relationship between diabetes and dementia as an important issue for treating diabetes-related cognitive deficits. Diabetes-related dementia exhibits several features, including blood-brain barrier disruption, brain insulin resistance, and Aβ over-accumulation. High-mobility group box1 (HMGB1) is a protein known to regulate gene transcription and cellular mechanisms by binding to DNA or chromatin via receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Recent studies have demonstrated that the interplay between HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 can impact both neuropathology and diabetic alterations. Herein, we review the recent research regarding the roles of HMGB1-RAGE-TLR4 axis in diabetes-related dementia from several perspectives and emphasize the importance of the influence of HMGB1 in diabetes-related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Gheflati A, Barghchi H, Rahbarinejad P, Hachem K, Shalaby MN, Abdelbasset WK, Ranjbar G, Olegovich Bokov D, Rahimi P, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Pahlavani N. The role of Pycnogenol in the control of inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic diseases: Molecular aspects. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2352-2374. [PMID: 35583807 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic diseases has increased significantly with the rising trend of sedentary lifestyles, reduced physical activity, and dietary modifications in recent decades. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hepatic conditions. Therefore, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of various chronic disorders. Since chronic diseases are not completely curable, various methods have been proposed for their control. Complementary therapies and the use of natural antioxidant and antiinflammatory compounds are among these novel approaches. Pycnogenol (PYC) is a natural compound that could control inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, some previous studies have shown that PYC could effectively reduce inflammation through signaling the downstream of insulin receptors, inhibiting the phosphorylation of the serine residues of insulin receptor substrate-1, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indices through the stimulation of antioxidant pathways, increasing free radical scavenging activities, preventing lipid peroxidation, and protecting the erythrocytes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient individuals, although these effects have not been fully proved. The present study aimed to comprehensively review the evidence concerning the positive physiological and pharmacological properties of PYC, with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of this natural component for enhancing human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Gheflati
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pegah Rahbarinejad
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kadda Hachem
- Laboratory of Biotoxicology, Pharmacognosy and Biological Valorization of Plants (LBPVBP), Faculty of Sciences, University of Saida- Dr Moulay Tahar, Saida, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pegah Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
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17
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Gao J, Mizokami A, Takeuchi H, Li A, Huang F, Nagano H, Kanematsu T, Jimi E, Hirata M. Phospholipase C-related catalytically inactive protein acts as a positive regulator for insulin signalling in adipocytes. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:273924. [PMID: 34859819 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin signalling is tightly controlled by various factors, but the exact molecular mechanism remains incompletely understood. We previously reported that phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein (PRIP) interacts with Akt, the central molecule in insulin signalling. Here, we investigated whether PRIP is involved in the regulation of insulin signalling in adipocytes. We found that insulin signalling including insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), Akt, and glucose uptake, were impaired in adipocytes from PRIP-knockout (KO) mice compared with those from wild-type (WT) mice. The amount of IR expressed on the cell-surface was decreased in PRIP-KO adipocytes. Immunoprecipitation assay showed that PRIP interacted with IR. The reduced cell-surface IR in PRIP-KO adipocytes was comparable with that in WT cells when Rab5 expression was silenced using specific siRNA. In contrast, the dephosphorylation of IRS-1 at serine residues, some of which were reported to be involved in the internalisation of IR, was impaired in cells from PRIP-KO mice. These results suggest that PRIP facilitates insulin signalling by modulating the internalisation of IR in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Mizokami
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeuchi
- Division of Applied Pharmacology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Aonan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haruki Nagano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Department of Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Hirata
- Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
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Shen C, Pan Z, Wu S, Zheng M, Zhong C, Xin X, Lan S, Zhu Z, Liu M, Wu H, Huang Q, Zhang J, Liu Z, Si Y, Tu H, Deng Z, Yu Y, Liu H, Zhong Y, Guo J, Cai J, Xian S. Emodin palliates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice via activating the farnesoid X receptor pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114340. [PMID: 34171397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cassia mimosoides Linn (CMD) is a traditional Chinese herb that clears liver heat and dampness. It has been widely administered in clinical practice to treat jaundice associated with damp-heat pathogen and obesity. Emodin (EMO) is a major bioactive constituent of CMD that has apparent therapeutic efficacy against obesity and fatty liver. Here, we investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of EMO against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether EMO activates farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling to alleviate HFD-induced NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo assays included serum biochemical indices tests, histopathology, western blotting, and qRT-PCR to evaluate the effects of EMO on glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in wild type (WT) and FXR knockout mice maintained on an HFD. In vitro experiments included intracellular triglyceride (TG) level measurement and Oil Red O staining to assess the capacity of EMO to remove lipids induced by oleic acid and palmitic acid in WT and FXR knockout mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs). We also detected mRNA expression of FXR signaling genes in MPHs. RESULTS After HFD administration, body weight and serum lipid and inflammation levels were dramatically increased in the WT mice. The animals also presented with impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and antioxidant capacity, liver tissue attenuation, and pathological injury. EMO remarkably reversed the foregoing changes in HFD-induced mice. EMO improved HFD-induced lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner in WT mice by inhibiting FXR expression. EMO also significantly repressed TG hyperaccumulation by upregulating FXR expression in MPHs. However, it did not improve lipid accumulation, insulin sensitivity, or glucose tolerance in HFD-fed FXR knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that EMO alleviates HFD-induced NAFLD by activating FXR signaling which improves lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangpeng Shen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The First People's Hospital of Kashgar Prefecture, Kashgar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhisen Pan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangcheng Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingxuan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shaoyang Lan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangzhi Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxiang Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangzhou Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Si
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Tu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Deng
- Department of Science and Education, Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Zhong
- Department of Acupuncture-rehabilitation, Guangzhou-Liwan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiewen Guo
- Department of Science and Education, Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiazhong Cai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shaoxiang Xian
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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19
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Xuemei L, Qiu S, Chen G, Liu M. Myrtenol alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic pregnant rats via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22904. [PMID: 34477272 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a special kind of diabetes that arises only during pregnancy. A woman with GDM has a higher risk of developing type-2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. In this exploration, we intended to scrutinize the therapeutic actions of Myrtenol against the streptozotocin (STZ)-provoked GDM in rats. GDM was provoked in the pregnant rats via injecting the 1% of STZ (25 mg/kg) and then treated with the 50 mg/kg of myrtenol. The glucose level and bodyweight of animals were noted. The lipid profile, that is, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was determined by respective kits. The lipid peroxidation and antioxidants status were examined using assay kits. The status of proinflammatory markers was investigated by assay kits. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling proteins were studied by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. The hepatic and pancreatic tissues were examined microscopically. Myrtenol treatment notably decreased the status of blood glucose and lipid profile and improved the HDL in the GDM rats. The status of lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers were substantially reduced by the myrtenol and it enhanced the antioxidants status of GDM animals. Myrtenol treatment remarkably downregulated the mRNA expressions of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling proteins. The histological findings also proved the therapeutic actions of myrtenol. Altogether, the findings of this investigation unveiled the therapeutic actions of the myrtenol against the STZ-provoked GDM in rats. Myrtenol could be a promising therapeutic agent to treat GDM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Xuemei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jinan City People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shengjie Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tai'an Central Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Jinan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, China
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20
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Teklu M, Parel PM, Mehta NN. Psoriasis and Cardiometabolic Diseases: The Impact of Inflammation on Vascular Health. PSORIASIS-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2021; 11:99-108. [PMID: 34322373 PMCID: PMC8312325 DOI: 10.2147/ptt.s320016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory condition associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Psoriasis confers a dose-dependent increase in risk for the metabolic syndrome and its components. The metabolic syndrome and its components have been associated with higher coronary atherosclerosis in psoriasis and cardiovascular events in the general population. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammation and psoriasis in cardiometabolic diseases with a focus on the metabolic syndrome and its components. We highlight the relationship between psoriasis and important cardiovascular risk factors encompassed by obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hypertension. Furthermore, we briefly highlight literature on anti-inflammatory therapies and their impact on the components of the metabolic syndrome as well as directly quantified coronary atherosclerosis burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meron Teklu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip M Parel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Shyur LF, Varga V, Chen CM, Mu SC, Chang YC, Li SC. Extract of white sweet potato tuber against TNF-α-induced insulin resistance by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in C2C12 myotubes. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2021; 62:7. [PMID: 34003397 PMCID: PMC8131422 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-021-00315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White sweet potato (WSP; Ipomoea batatas L. Simon No. 1) has many potential beneficial effects on metabolic control and diabetes-related insulin resistance. The improvement of insulin resistance by WSP tuber extracts on glucose uptake were not investigated in C2C12 myoblast cells. RESULTS WSP tuberous ethanol extract (WSP-E) was partitioned with ethyl-acetate and water to obtain ethyl-acetate layer (WSP-EA) and water layer (WSP-EW). The WSP-EA shows the highest total phenolic contents and highest antioxidant activity by Folin-Ciocalteu and (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate, DPPH) assay, respectively. After low concentration horse serum on differentiation inducement of C2C12 myoblasts into mature myotubes, the cells were treated with TNF-α to induce insulin resistance. WSP-EA and WSP-EW extracts increased the uptake of fluorescence glucose analogue (2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-NBDG) in a dose-dependent manner as examined by flow cytometry. The WSP-EA enhanced glucose uptake by activation of phosphorylation of IR (pIR), IRS-1 (pIRS-1) and Akt (pAkt) involved in PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, also upregulated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in myotubes. CONCLUSIONS WSP-EA enhanced the glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes through upregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. The in vitro data reveal that WSP tuber extracts has potential applications to improve insulin resistance in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Viola Varga
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chiao-Ming Chen
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei, 10462 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Mu
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Sing-Chung Li
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
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22
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Batista TM, Haider N, Kahn CR. Defining the underlying defect in insulin action in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:994-1006. [PMID: 33730188 PMCID: PMC8916220 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the earliest defects in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Over the past 50 years, elucidation of the insulin signalling network has provided important mechanistic insights into the abnormalities of glucose, lipid and protein metabolism that underlie insulin resistance. In classical target tissues (liver, muscle and adipose tissue), insulin binding to its receptor initiates a broad signalling cascade mediated by changes in phosphorylation, gene expression and vesicular trafficking that result in increased nutrient utilisation and storage, and suppression of catabolic processes. Insulin receptors are also expressed in non-classical targets, such as the brain and endothelial cells, where it helps regulate appetite, energy expenditure, reproductive hormones, mood/behaviour and vascular function. Recent progress in cell biology and unbiased molecular profiling by mass spectrometry and DNA/RNA-sequencing has provided a unique opportunity to dissect the determinants of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome; best studied are extrinsic factors, such as circulating lipids, amino acids and other metabolites and exosomal microRNAs. More challenging has been defining the cell-intrinsic factors programmed by genetics and epigenetics that underlie insulin resistance. In this regard, studies using human induced pluripotent stem cells and tissues point to cell-autonomous alterations in signalling super-networks, involving changes in phosphorylation and gene expression both inside and outside the canonical insulin signalling pathway. Understanding how these multi-layered molecular networks modulate insulin action and metabolism in different tissues will open new avenues for therapy and prevention of type 2 diabetes and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Batista
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nida Haider
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Fawzy MH, Saeed NM, El-Sherbiny DA, El-Demerdash E. Eugenol modulates insulin sensitivity by upregulating insulin receptor substrate-2 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:846-854. [PMID: 33822104 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to estimate the possible modulatory effect of Eugenol (EUG) on insulin resistance (IR) and liver fibrosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats. It has been shown that EUG, a natural phenolic compound, has anti-hyperglycaemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. METHODS For 8 consecutive weeks, standard rat chow diet (control group, EUG only treated group) or HFD (HFD group and HFD+EUG-treated group) were fed to rats daily. HFD+EUG-treated group and EUG only treated group were administered EUG (10 mg/kg) orally three times per week. Various indices of hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, indicators of inflammation and liver fibrosis were investigated. KEY FINDINGS HFD-induced liver transaminases and triglycerides (TGs) were significantly decreased and histopathological lesions were improved with EUG treatment. EUG significantly improved IR evoked by HFD, as demonstrated by Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and increased insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) sensitivity. In addition, EUG improved oxidative stress damage elicited by HFD as shown by the restoration of reduced glutathione (GSH) level and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) expression and plummeting lipid peroxidation. Further, EUG lessened pro-inflammatory cytokines surge [tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6] via inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) stimulation. As markers of fibrosis, EUG reduced collagen accumulation and smooth muscle alpha actin (SMaA) and TGF-β expression. CONCLUSIONS EUG may have protective effect against progression of fibrosis in NAFLD. The antifibrotic effect of EUG is probably due to EUG's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycaemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam H Fawzy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha M Saeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa A El-Sherbiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Xu W, Tang M, Wang J, Wang L. Anti-inflammatory activities of puerarin in high-fat diet-fed rats with streptozotocin-induced gestational diabetes mellitus. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7537-7546. [PMID: 32946041 PMCID: PMC7588390 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of puerarin on insulin resistance and inflammation in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Gestational diabetic model rats were established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg) combined with high-fat feeding and were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group, the GDM group, and the puerarin-treated group. Puerarin was intragastrically administered to rats daily until the offspring were born. The rats in both the GDM group and control group were administered the same volume of normal saline. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in all groups of rats were measured. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate morphological changes in the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues around the reproductive organs. Western blotting was carried out to measure the protein expression of IRS-1 and inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, TLR4, MyD88 and phosphorylated NF-κB, in the adipose tissues around the reproductive organs. Puerarin had preventive effects on GDM-induced pathological changes and ameliorated glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in GDM rats. Puerarin upregulated IRS-1 expression and decreased the protein expression of TNF-α, TLR4, and MyD88 as well as the levels of phosphorylated NF-κB in adipose tissues around the reproductive organs in GDM rats. This study indicated that puerarin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating the important TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory signalling pathway. Therefore, puerarin can decrease the expression of TNF-α and ameliorate insulin resistance in GDM rats, suggesting the potential efficacy of puerarin in GDM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xu
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhang jiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyu Tang
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhang jiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhang jiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhang jiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Chen Z, Tian R, She Z, Cai J, Li H. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:116-141. [PMID: 32156524 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly associated with the presence of oxidative stress. Disturbances in lipid metabolism lead to hepatic lipid accumulation, which affects different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and NADPH oxidase. Mitochondrial function adapts to NAFLD mainly through the downregulation of the electron transport chain (ETC) and the preserved or enhanced capacity of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, which stimulates ROS overproduction within different ETC components upstream of cytochrome c oxidase. However, non-ETC sources of ROS, in particular, fatty acid β-oxidation, appear to produce more ROS in hepatic metabolic diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and NADPH oxidase alterations are also associated with NAFLD, but the degree of their contribution to oxidative stress in NAFLD remains unclear. Increased ROS generation induces changes in insulin sensitivity and in the expression and activity of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Moreover, the interaction between redox signaling and innate immune signaling forms a complex network that regulates inflammatory responses. Based on the mechanistic view described above, this review summarizes the mechanisms that may account for the excessive production of ROS, the potential mechanistic roles of ROS that drive NAFLD progression, and therapeutic interventions that are related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zhigang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Institute of Model Animals of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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26
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Molecular Mechanisms Linking Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8609213. [PMID: 32215179 PMCID: PMC7085395 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8609213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and an inadequate response to circulatory insulin by peripheral tissues resulting in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance has a complex pathophysiology, and it is contributed to by multiple factors including oxidative stress. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between free radical production and the antioxidant system leading to a reduction of peripheral insulin sensitivity and contributing to the development of T2DM via several molecular mechanisms. In this review, we present the molecular mechanisms by which the oxidative milieu contributes to the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus.
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27
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Chait A, den Hartigh LJ. Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:22. [PMID: 32158768 PMCID: PMC7052117 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 623] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays essential roles in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis. To date several types of adipose tissue have been identified, namely white, brown, and beige, that reside in various specific anatomical locations throughout the body. The cellular composition, secretome, and location of these adipose depots define their function in health and metabolic disease. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional, promoting a pro-inflammatory, hyperlipidemic and insulin resistant environment that contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concurrently, similar features that result from adipose tissue dysfunction also promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) by mechanisms that can be augmented by T2DM. The mechanisms by which dysfunctional adipose tissue simultaneously promote T2DM and CVD, focusing on adipose tissue depot-specific adipokines, inflammatory profiles, and metabolism, will be the focus of this review. The impact that various T2DM and CVD treatment strategies have on adipose tissue function and body weight also will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Astaxanthin: A Potential Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidant Treatment in Diseases and with Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3849692. [PMID: 31814873 PMCID: PMC6878783 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3849692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is characterized by an imbalance between prooxidant and antioxidant species, leading to macromolecular damage and disruption of redox signaling and cellular control. It is a hallmark of various diseases including metabolic syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and age-related diseases. Several mitochondrial defects have been considered to contribute to the development of oxidative stress and known as the major mediators of the aging process and subsequent age-associated diseases. Thus, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants should prevent or slow down these processes and prolong longevity. This is the reason why antioxidant treatments are extensively studied and newer and newer compounds with such an effect appear. Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, is the most abundant carotenoid in marine organisms and is one of the most powerful natural compounds with remarkable antioxidant activity. Here, we summarize its antioxidant targets, effects, and benefits in diseases and with aging.
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29
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Collao N, Rada I, Francaux M, Deldicque L, Zbinden-Foncea H. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Exercise Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor Regulation in Innate Immune Cells – A Review. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 39:39-52. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1682569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Collao
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Rada
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Salud Deportivo, Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
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30
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Badenes M, Amin A, González-García I, Félix I, Burbridge E, Cavadas M, Ortega FJ, de Carvalho É, Faísca P, Carobbio S, Seixas E, Pedroso D, Neves-Costa A, Moita LF, Fernández-Real JM, Vidal-Puig A, Domingos A, López M, Adrain C. Deletion of iRhom2 protects against diet-induced obesity by increasing thermogenesis. Mol Metab 2019; 31:67-84. [PMID: 31918923 PMCID: PMC6909339 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is the result of positive energy balance. It can be caused by excessive energy consumption but also by decreased energy dissipation, which occurs under several conditions including when the development or activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is impaired. Here we evaluated whether iRhom2, the essential cofactor for the Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) sheddase ADAM17/TACE, plays a role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Methods We challenged WT versus iRhom2 KO mice to positive energy balance by chronic exposure to a high fat diet and then compared their metabolic phenotypes. We also carried out ex vivo assays with primary and immortalized mouse brown adipocytes to establish the autonomy of the effect of loss of iRhom2 on thermogenesis and respiration. Results Deletion of iRhom2 protected mice from weight gain, dyslipidemia, adipose tissue inflammation, and hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity when challenged by a high fat diet. Crucially, the loss of iRhom2 promotes thermogenesis via BAT activation and beige adipocyte recruitment, enabling iRhom2 KO mice to dissipate excess energy more efficiently than WT animals. This effect on enhanced thermogenesis is cell-autonomous in brown adipocytes as iRhom2 KOs exhibit elevated UCP1 levels and increased mitochondrial proton leak. Conclusion Our data suggest that iRhom2 is a negative regulator of thermogenesis and plays a role in the control of adipose tissue homeostasis during metabolic disease. Deletion of iRhom2 protects mice from metabolic syndrome. In obesity, iRhom2 deletion increases energy expenditure, thermogenesis and white adipose tissue beiging. iRhom2 deletion enhances thermogenesis in naïve brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdulbasit Amin
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ismael González-García
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Inês Félix
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Pedro Faísca
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Elsa Seixas
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Dora Pedroso
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Luís F Moita
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - António Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Domingos
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Obesity Lab, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Colin Adrain
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, Portugal; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, UK.
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31
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Nolen-Doerr E, Stockman MC, Rizo I. Mechanism of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Improvements in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2019; 8:284-291. [PMID: 31124035 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-019-00350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to emphasize the pivotal role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in tackling the parallel epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). RECENT FINDINGS GLP-1-based therapies and in particular GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) have proven to be effective in lowering blood glucose and decreasing weight. GLP-1 RA not only mitigate these significant medical burdens but also result in weight loss and weight loss independent factors that decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) and microvascular complications of T2DM, such as diabetic nephropathy. GLP-1-based therapies are critical for a patient-centered approach in choosing appropriate pharmacotherapy for T2DM and obesity while also taking into consideration comorbidities, such as cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Nolen-Doerr
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 720 Harrison Avenue, Doctor's Office Building, Suite 8100, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Mary-Catherine Stockman
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 720 Harrison Avenue, Doctor's Office Building, Suite 8100, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Ivania Rizo
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 720 Harrison Avenue, Doctor's Office Building, Suite 8100, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Bhansali S, Bhansali A, Dhawan V. Metformin promotes mitophagy in mononuclear cells: a potential in vitro model for unraveling metformin's mechanism of action. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1463:23-36. [PMID: 31225649 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results in abnormalities in cell repair processes, such as mitophagy, which compromises mitochondrial function and contributes to insulin resistance and β cell failure. Metformin, widely recommended in the management of T2DM, exerts its pleiotropic effects via 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); however, its effect on mitophagy remains elusive. Recent evidence demonstrates that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) express insulin receptors and the human organic cation transporter protein, and they are extensively being used as a surrogate for examining mitochondrial function in T2DM. Metformin treatment increased the formation of acidic vesicles and mitophagosomes, upregulated mitophagy markers, and enhanced mitophagic flux, as indicated by increased LC3-II expression and reduced p62 protein levels. In addition, pretreatment with compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) significantly decreased the expression of mitophagy markers in metformin-treated cells, indicating that metformin induces mitophagy via the AMPK pathway. In conclusion, metformin-induced mitophagy may improve cellular function, including in β cells, by restoring normal mitochondrial phenotype, which may prove beneficial in patients with T2DM and other mitochondrial-related diseases. Moreover, PBMCs may be used as a novel diagnostic biomarker for identifying mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Bhansali
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Veena Dhawan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Lepanto MS, Rosa L, Paesano R, Valenti P, Cutone A. Lactoferrin in Aseptic and Septic Inflammation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071323. [PMID: 30987256 PMCID: PMC6480387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), a cationic glycoprotein able to chelate two ferric irons per molecule, is synthesized by exocrine glands and neutrophils. Since the first anti-microbial function attributed to Lf, several activities have been discovered, including the relevant anti-inflammatory one, especially associated to the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as IL-6. As high levels of IL-6 are involved in iron homeostasis disorders, Lf is emerging as a potent regulator of iron and inflammatory homeostasis. Here, the role of Lf against aseptic and septic inflammation has been reviewed. In particular, in the context of aseptic inflammation, as anemia of inflammation, preterm delivery, Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes, Lf administration reduces local and/or systemic inflammation. Moreover, Lf oral administration, by decreasing serum IL-6, reverts iron homeostasis disorders. Regarding septic inflammation occurring in Chlamydia trachomatis infection, cystic fibrosis and inflammatory bowel disease, Lf, besides the anti-inflammatory activity, exerts a significant activity against bacterial adhesion, invasion and colonization. Lastly, a critical analysis of literature in vitro data reporting contradictory results on the Lf role in inflammatory processes, ranging from pro- to anti-inflammatory activity, highlighted that they depend on cell models, cell metabolic status, stimulatory or infecting agents as well as on Lf iron saturation degree, integrity and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Lepanto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy.
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Venditti P, Reed TT, Victor VM, Di Meo S. Insulin resistance and diabetes in hyperthyroidism: a possible role for oxygen and nitrogen reactive species. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:248-268. [PMID: 30843740 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1590567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to insulin, glycemic control involves thyroid hormones. However, an excess of thyroid hormone can disturb the blood glucose equilibrium, leading to alterations of carbohydrate metabolism and, eventually, diabetes. Indeed, experimental and clinical hyperthyroidism is often accompanied by abnormal glucose tolerance. A common characteristic of hyperthyroidism and type 2 diabetes is the altered mitochondrial efficiency caused by the enhanced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. It is known that an excess of thyroid hormone leads to increased oxidant production and mitochondrial oxidative damage. It can be hypothesised that these species represent the link between hyperthyroidism and development of insulin resistance and diabetes, even though direct evidence of this relationship is lacking. In this review, we examine the literature concerning the effects of insulin and thyroid hormones on glucose metabolism and discuss alterations of glucose metabolism in hyperthyroid conditions and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underline them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Venditti
- a Dipartimento di Biologia , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Tanea T Reed
- b Department of Chemistry , Eastern Kentucky University , Richmond , KY , USA
| | - Victor M Victor
- c Service of Endocrinology, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO) , Valencia , Spain.,d Department of Physiology , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - Sergio Di Meo
- a Dipartimento di Biologia , Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy
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Neuroprotective Actions of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Analogues in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:209-223. [PMID: 30511349 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current absence of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) reflects an incomplete knowledge of the underlying disease processes. Considerable efforts have been made to investigate the central pathological features of these diseases, giving rise to numerous attempts to develop compounds that interfere with such features. However, further characterization of the molecular targets within the interconnected AD and PD pathways is still required. Impaired brain insulin signaling has emerged as a feature that contributes to neuronal dysfunction in both AD and PD, leading to strategies aiming at restoring this pathway in the brain. Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues marketed for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus have been tested and have shown encouraging protective actions in experimental models of AD and PD as well as in initial clinical trials. We review studies revealing the neuroprotective actions of GLP-1 analogues in pre-clinical models of AD and PD and promising results from recent clinical trials.
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Ahuja S, Uniyal A, Akhtar A, Sah SP. Alpha lipoic acid and metformin alleviates experimentally induced insulin resistance and cognitive deficit by modulation of TLR2 signalling. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:614-623. [PMID: 31176103 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is commonly found to be co-morbid with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. In obese diabetic patients, TLR-2 receptor induced inflammation leads to the development of insulin resistance (IR). Furthermore, the IR is considered to be the most important cause for promoting cognitive decline which is evident in brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease related dementia (ADRD). METHODS In this study, the effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA) has been examined in rodent model of zymosan induced insulin resistance and cognitive deficits, targeting at TLR-2 signalling. TLR-2 agonist, Zymosan initiates inflammatory cascade, resulting in IR and cognitive dysfunction. Zymosan (50 mg/kg ip) was given to mice on 1st, 8th, 15th and 22nd day to induce IR which was confirmed by hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidimea, increased glycated haemoglobin and HOMA-IR. Further the cognitive performance was assessed in Morris water maze revealing cognitive deficit in zymosan treated mice. RESULTS Daily treatment with ALA for 28 days (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, ip) significantly improved insulin sensitivity and cognitive performance in mice by decreasing insulin resistance, corticosterone, IL-6 levels, acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and oxidative stress in liver, cortex and hippocampus. ALA also increased adiponectin level and reduced body weight. Combination of ALA (100 mg/kg, ip) with metformin (100 mg/kg, ip) exhibited a potentiating effect in improving cognitive performance and insulin signalling. CONCLUSION The findings of the study supported the hypothesis that TLR-2 induced inflammation leads to insulin resistance and cognitive impairment and provides an evidence for the therapeutic effect of ALA in IR and ADRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Ahuja
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Ankit Uniyal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Ansab Akhtar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, UGC Centre of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Chandigarh, India.
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Interplay between early-life malnutrition, epigenetic modulation of the immune function and liver diseases. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 32:128-145. [PMID: 30707092 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422418000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early-life nutrition plays a critical role in fetal growth and development. Food intake absence and excess are the two main types of energy malnutrition that predispose to the appearance of diseases in adulthood, according to the hypothesis of 'developmental origins of health and disease'. Epidemiological data have shown an association between early-life malnutrition and the metabolic syndrome in later life. Evidence has also demonstrated that nutrition during this period of life can affect the development of the immune system through epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, epigenetics has an essential role in the complex interplay between environmental factors and genetics. Altogether, this leads to the inflammatory response that is commonly seen in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. In conjunction, DNA methylation, covalent modification of histones and the expression of non-coding RNA are the epigenetic phenomena that affect inflammatory processes in the context of NAFLD. Here, we highlight current understanding of the mechanisms underlying developmental programming of NAFLD linked to epigenetic modulation of the immune system and environmental factors, such as malnutrition.
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Sonnenblick A, Venet D, Brohée S, Pondé N, Sotiriou C. pAKT pathway activation is associated with PIK3CA mutations and good prognosis in luminal breast cancer in contrast to p-mTOR pathway activation. NPJ Breast Cancer 2019; 5:7. [PMID: 30729154 PMCID: PMC6355773 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-019-0102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in estrogen receptor positive (ER) breast cancer (BC), as a linear signal transduction pathway and reported its association with worse clinical outcomes. We developed gene signatures that reflect the level of expression of phosphorylated-Serine473-AKT (pAKT) and phosphorylated-Serine2448-mTOR (p-mTOR) separately, capturing their corresponding level of pathway activation. Our analysis revealed that the pAKT pathway activation was associated with luminal A BC while the p-mTOR pathway activation was more associated with luminal B BC (Kruskal-Wallis test p < 10-10). pAKT pathway activation was significantly associated with better outcomes (multivariable HR, 0.79; 95%CI, 0.74-0.85; p = 2.5 × 10-10) and PIK3CA mutations (p = 0.0001) whereas p-mTOR pathway activation showed worse outcomes (multivariable HR,1.1; 95%CI, 1.1-1.2; p = 9.9 × 10-4) and associated with p53 mutations (p = 0.04). in conclusion, our data show that pAKT and p-mTOR pathway activation have differing impact on prognosis and suggest that they are not linearly connected in luminal breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sonnenblick
- 1Oncology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Venet
- 2Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Brohée
- 2Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noam Pondé
- 2Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- 2Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Zhang Q, Xiao X, Zheng J, Li M, Yu M, Ping F, Wang T, Wang X. A Maternal High-Fat Diet Induces DNA Methylation Changes That Contribute to Glucose Intolerance in Offspring. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:871. [PMID: 31920981 PMCID: PMC6923194 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: Overnutrition in utero is a critical contributor to the susceptibility of diabetes by programming, although the exact mechanism is not clear. In this paper, we aimed to study the long-term effect of a maternal high-fat (HF) diet on offspring through epigenetic modifications. Procedures: Five-week-old female C57BL6/J mice were fed a HF diet or control diet for 4 weeks before mating and throughout gestation and lactation. At postnatal week 3, pups continued to consume a HF or switched to a control diet for 5 weeks, resulting in four groups of offspring differing by their maternal and postweaning diets. Results: The maternal HF diet combined with the offspring HF diet caused hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in male pups. Even after changing to the control diet, male pups exposed to the maternal HF diet still exhibited hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. The livers of pups exposed to a maternal HF diet had a hypermethylated insulin receptor substrate 2 (Irs2) gene and a hypomethylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (Map2k4) gene. Correspondingly, the expression of the Irs2 gene decreased and that of Map2k4 increased in pups exposed to a maternal HF diet. Conclusion: Maternal overnutrition programs long-term epigenetic modifications, namely, Irs2 and Map2k4 gene methylation in the offspring liver, which in turn predisposes the offspring to diabetes later in life.
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40
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Heber MF, Ferreira SR, Abruzzese GA, Raices T, Pignataro OP, Vega M, Motta AB. Metformin improves ovarian insulin signaling alterations caused by fetal programming. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:JOE-18-0520.R1. [PMID: 30620715 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the decreased ability of insulin to mediate metabolic actions. In the ovary, insulin controls ovulation and oocyte quality. Alterations in ovarian insulin signaling pathway could compromise ovarian physiology. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of fetal programming on ovarian insulin signaling and evaluate the effect of metformin treatment. Pregnant rats were hyperandrogenized with testosterone and female offspring born to those dams were employed; at adulthood, prenatally hyperandrogenized (PH) offspring presented two phenotypes: irregular ovulatory (PHiov) and anovulatory (PHanov). Half of each group was orally treated with metformin. Metformin treatment improved the estrous cyclicity in both PH groups. Both PH groups showed low mRNA levels of IR, IRS1 and Glut4. IRS2 was decreased only in PHanov. Metformin upregulated the mRNA levels of some of the mediators studied. Protein expression of IR, IRS1/2 and GLUT4 was decreased in both PH groups. In PHiov, metformin restored the expression of all the mediators, whereas, in PHanov, metformin restored only that of IR and IRS1/2. IRS1 phosphorylation was measured in tyrosine residues, which activates the pathway, and in serine residues, which impairs insulin action. PHiov presented high IRS1 phosphorylation on tyrosine and serine residues, whereas PHanov showed high serine phosphorylation and low tyrosine phosphorylation. Metformin treatment lowered serine phosphorylation only in PHanov rats. Our results suggest that PHanov rats have a defective insulin action, partially restored with metformin. PHiov rats had less severe alterations, and metformin treatment was more effective in this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Heber
- M Heber, Laboratorio de Fisio-patologia Ovarica, CEFYBO, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Silvana R Ferreira
- S Ferreira, Laboratorio de Fisio-patologia Ovarica, Centro de Estudios Farmacologicos y Botanicos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Trinidad Raices
- T Raices, Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Pedro Pignataro
- O Pignataro, Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular y Transducción de Señales, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margarita Vega
- M Vega, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia B Motta
- A Motta, Laboratorio de Fisio-patologia Ovarica, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
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Ren L, Zhou X, Huang X, Wang C, Li Y. The IRS/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediates olanzapine-induced hepatic insulin resistance in male rats. Life Sci 2018; 217:229-236. [PMID: 30550886 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic treatment with antipsychotics, especially most of atypical ones, leads to development of metabolic abnormalities. Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The mechanisms underlying olanzapine-induced metabolic adverse effects in the liver, however, remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate olanzapine-induced insulin-desensitivity in the liver. MAIN METHODS Male rats were treated with olanzapine (5 mg/kg, by a gavage method, once daily for consecutive 8 weeks. Blood and liver variables were determined enzymatically or histologically. Gene/protein expression was analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Olanzapine treatment significantly increased fasting plasma insulin concentration, the index of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and hepatic triglyceride and fatty droplet accumulation in rats. Hepatic gene/protein expression profile revealed that olanzapine activated mRNA and protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and mRNA levels of its downstream lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1, fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1. More importantly, phosphorylated protein level of both Ser307 in insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and Ser731 in IRS-2 was increased. Furthermore, phosphorylation of Tyr607 in phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p85α, Ser473 in Akt and Ser2448 in mammalian target of rapamycin was also enhanced. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that the IRS/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediates olanzapine-induced hepatic insulin resistance in male rats. Our findings may provide better understanding of the antipsychotic-induced metabolic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoqian Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences, Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.
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Galangin and Pinocembrin from Propolis Ameliorate Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells via Regulating Akt/mTOR Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7971842. [PMID: 30420897 PMCID: PMC6215570 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7971842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance has a critical role in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pinobanksin, galangin, chrysin, and pinocembrin from propolis on insulin resistance. Our study shows that galangin and pinocembrin can ameliorate insulin resistance; on the contrary, pinobanksin and chrysin are ineffective. Galangin and pinocembrin treatments substantially increase glucose consumption and glycogen content by enhancing the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase. Galangin treatment with 80 μM increased hexokinase and pyruvate kinase activities by 21.94% and 29.12%, respectively. Moreover, we hypothesize that galangin and pinocembrin may have a synergistic effect on the improvement of insulin resistance via Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, through distinctly upregulating the phosphorylation of IR, Akt, and GSK3β and remarkably downregulating the phosphorylation of IRS. Most notably, this is the first study to our knowledge to investigate pinocembrin about the alleviation of insulin resistance. Our results provide compelling evidence for the depth development of propolis products to ameliorate insulin resistance.
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Lin JS, Dong HL, Chen GD, Chen ZY, Dong XW, Zheng JS, Chen YM. Erythrocyte Saturated Fatty Acids and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Men and Women: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1393. [PMID: 30275386 PMCID: PMC6212875 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) is reported in Western populations with inconsistent results, while evidence from Asian populations is scarce. We aimed to examine the associations between erythrocyte SFAs and incident T2D in a Chinese population. Between 2008 and 2013, a total of 2683 participants, aged 40⁻75 years, free of diabetes were included in the present analyses. Incident T2D cases were ascertained during follow-up visits. Gas chromatography was used to measure erythrocyte fatty acids at baseline. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During 13,508 person years of follow-up, 216 T2D cases were identified. Compared with the first quartile, multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of the fourth quartile were 1.20 (0.82⁻1.76; p = 0.242) for myristic acid (14-carbon tail, zero double bonds; 14:0), 0.69 (0.48⁻0.99; p = 0.080) for palmitic acid (16:0), 1.49 (1.02⁻2.19; p = 0.047) for stearic acid (18:0), 1.46 (1.00⁻2.12; p = 0.035) for arachidic acid (20:0), 1.48 (0.99⁻2.22; p = 0.061) for behenic acid (22:0), and 1.08 (0.74⁻1.56; p = 0.913) for lignoceric acid (24:0). Our findings indicate that individual erythrocyte SFAs are associated with T2D in different directions, with 18:0 and 20:0 SFAs positively associated with the risk, whereas no convincing inverse association for 16:0 SFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Sheng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hong-Li Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Geng-Dong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Zhan-Yong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health; Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Van Wyngene L, Vandewalle J, Libert C. Reprogramming of basic metabolic pathways in microbial sepsis: therapeutic targets at last? EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8712. [PMID: 29976786 PMCID: PMC6079534 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a highly lethal and urgent unmet medical need. It is the result of a complex interplay of several pathways, including inflammation, immune activation, hypoxia, and metabolic reprogramming. Specifically, the regulation and the impact of the latter have become better understood in which the highly catabolic status during sepsis and its similarity with starvation responses appear to be essential in the poor prognosis in sepsis. It seems logical that new interventions based on the recognition of new therapeutic targets in the key metabolic pathways should be developed and may have a good chance to penetrate to the bedside. In this review, we concentrate on the pathological changes in metabolism, observed during sepsis, and the presumed underlying mechanisms, with a focus on the level of the organism and the interplay between different organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Van Wyngene
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vandewalle
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Martins AR, Crisma AR, Masi LN, Amaral CL, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Bomfim LH, Teodoro BG, Queiroz AL, Serdan TD, Torres RP, Mancini-Filho J, Rodrigues AC, Alba-Loureiro TC, Pithon-Curi TC, Gorjao R, Silveira LR, Curi R, Newsholme P, Hirabara SM. Attenuation of obesity and insulin resistance by fish oil supplementation is associated with improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 55:76-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Vascular endothelium dysfunction: a conservative target in metabolic disorders. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:391-405. [PMID: 29372262 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Vascular endothelium plays a role in capillary transport of nutrients and drugs and regulates angiogenesis, homeostasis, as well as vascular tone and permeability as a major regulator of local vascular homeostasis. The present study has been designed to investigate the role of endothelium in metabolic disorders. METHODS The endothelium maintains the balance between vasodilatation and vasoconstriction, procoagulant and anticoagulant, prothrombotic and antithrombotic mechanisms. RESULTS Diabetes mellitus causes the activation of aldose reductase, polyol pathway and advanced glycation-end-product formation that collectively affect the phosphorylation status and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthatase (eNOS) and causes vascular endothelium dysfunction. Elevated homocysteine levels have been associated with increase in LDL oxidation, generation of hydrogen peroxides, superoxide anions that increased oxidative degradation of nitric oxide. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been reported to increase the endogenous competitive inhibitors of eNOS viz L-N-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA) and asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) that may contribute to vascular endothelial dysfunction. Hypercholesterolemia stimulates oxidation of LDL cholesterol, release of endothelins, and generation of ROS. The increased cholesterol and triglyceride level and decreased protective HDL level, decreases the activity and expression of eNOS and disrupts the integrity of vascular endothelium, due to oxidative stress. Hypertension also stimulates release of endothelins, vasoconstrictor prostanoids, angiotensin II, inflammatory cytokines, xanthine oxidase and, thereby, reduces bioavailability of nitric oxide. CONCLUSION Thus, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying diabetes mellitus, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypercholesterolemia hypertension and hyperuricemia leads to an imbalance of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation status of lipid and protein kinase that cause modulation of vascular endothelial L-arginine/nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS), to produce vascular endothelium dysfunction.
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Sun B, Zhong Z, Wang F, Xu J, Xu F, Kong W, Ling Z, Shu N, Li Y, Wu T, Zhang M, Zhu L, Liu X, Liu L. Atorvastatin impaired glucose metabolism in C2C12 cells partly via inhibiting cholesterol-dependent glucose transporter 4 translocation. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:108-119. [PMID: 29338971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 75% of glucose disposal in body and statins impair glucose metabolism. We aimed to investigate the effect of atorvastatin on glucose metabolism in C2C12 cells. Glucose metabolism and expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and hexokinase II (HXKII) were measured following incubation with atorvastatin or pravastatin. Roles of cholesterol in atorvastatin-induced glucose metabolism impairment were investigated via adding cholesterol or mevalonic acid and confirmed by cholesterol depletion with methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Hypercholesterolemia mice induced by high fat diet (HFD) feeding, orally received atorvastatin (6 and 12 mg/kg) or pravastatin (12 mg/kg) for 22 days. Results showed that atorvastatin not pravastatin concentration-dependently impaired glucose consumption, glucose uptake and GLUT4 membrane translocation in C2C12 cells without affecting expression of HXKII or total GLUT4 protein. The atorvastatin-induced alterations were reversed by cholesterol or mevalonic acid. Cholesterol depletion exerted similar impact to atorvastatin, which could be alleviated by cholesterol supplement. Glucose consumption or GLUT4 translocation was positively associated with cellular cholesterol levels. In HFD mice, atorvastatin not pravastatin significantly increased blood glucose levels following glucose or insulin dose and decreased expression of membrane not total GLUT4 protein in muscle. Glucose exposure following glucose or insulin dose was negatively correlated to muscular free cholesterol concentration. Expression of membrane GLUT4 protein was positively related to free cholesterol in muscle. In conclusion, atorvastatin impaired glucose utilization in muscle cells partly via inhibiting GLUT4 membrane translocation due to inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by atorvastatin, at least, partly contributing to glucose intolerance in HFD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Sun
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zeyu Zhong
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiong Xu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weimin Kong
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhaoli Ling
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Nan Shu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Li
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Furnica RM, Istasse L, Maiter D. A severe but reversible reduction in insulin sensitivity is observed in patients with insulinoma. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2017; 79:30-36. [PMID: 29241949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoglycemic manifestations are highly variable in patients with an insulinoma and largely independent of tumour size and severity of insulin hypersecretion. OBJECTIVES We investigated the clinical, biological and tumoral characteristics of insulinomas in a large monocentric series of patients and we evaluated their insulin sensitivity before and after successful pancreatic surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of 40 patients treated for an insulinoma between 1982 and 2012 in our academic hospital. Insulin sensitivity and beta cell function were evaluated by a HOMA test outside hypoglycaemic episodes in a large subset of these patients. RESULTS The mean age at onset of symptoms was 48.8±20.1 years and the mean age at diagnosis was 50.7±19.9 years. Neuroglycopenic symptoms were observed in 90% of patients. The most effective preoperative imaging technique to localize the tumour was endoscopic ultrasound. Insulin sensitivity was greatly reduced in patients with insulinoma (38.9%±22.3%), while beta cells function was increased (359.0±171.5%), but to a variable extent (range: 110.6-678.6%). After complete resection of the tumour and remission of hypoglycemic episodes, insulin sensitivity increased in all evaluated subjects (72.8±36.7%) and normalized in the majority. CONCLUSION Although neuroglycopenic symptoms are present in most patients, diagnosis of insulinoma is often delayed. Endoscopic ultrasound remains the most sensitive preoperative technique to localize the tumour. We also show that in response to chronic hyperinsulinemia, patients with insulinoma develop protective mechanisms responsible for a marked insulin resistance, which is reversible after complete resection of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Maria Furnica
- Department of Endocrinology, Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Laure Istasse
- Department of Endocrinology, Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Maiter
- Department of Endocrinology, Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Vieira MNN, Lima-Filho RAS, De Felice FG. Connecting Alzheimer's disease to diabetes: Underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Neuropharmacology 2017; 136:160-171. [PMID: 29129775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and vice versa, and a growing body of evidence indicates that these diseases are connected both at epidemiological, clinical and molecular levels. Recent studies have begun to reveal common pathogenic mechanisms shared by AD and type 2 diabetes. Impaired neuronal insulin signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are present in animal models of AD, similar to observations in peripheral tissue in T2D. These findings shed light into novel diabetes-related mechanisms leading to brain dysfunction in AD. Here, we review the literature on selected mechanisms shared between these diseases and discuss how the identification of such mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic targets in AD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabolic Impairment as Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Disorders.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N N Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo A S Lima-Filho
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Abstract
Enlarged fat cells in obese adipose tissue diminish capacity to store fat and are resistant to the anti-lipolytic effect of insulin. Insulin resistance (IR)-associated S-nitrosylation of insulin-signaling proteins increases in obesity. In accordance with the inhibition of insulin-mediated anti-lipolytic action, plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels increase. Additionally, endoplasmic reticulum stress stimuli induce lipolysis by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate/Protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK1/2) signaling in adipocytes. Failure of packaging of excess lipid into lipid droplets causes chronic elevation of circulating fatty acids, which can reach to toxic levels within non-adipose tissues. Deleterious effects of lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues are known as lipotoxicity. In fact, triglycerides may also serve a storage function for long-chain non-esterified fatty acids and their products such as ceramides and diacylglycerols (DAGs). Thus, excess DAG, ceramide and saturated fatty acids in obesity can induce chronic inflammation and have harmful effect on multiple organs and systems. In this context, chronic adipose tissue inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and IR have been discussed within the scope of lipotoxicity.
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