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Lehmann M. Diverse roles of phosphatidate phosphatases in insect development and metabolism. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 133:103469. [PMID: 32931938 PMCID: PMC7952469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of the glycerophospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA) into diacylglycerol (DAG) is essential for the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids and storage fats. Importantly, both PA and DAG can also serve signaling functions in the cell. The dephosphorylation of PA that yields DAG can be executed by two different classes of enzymes, Mg2+-dependent lipins and Mg2+-independent lipid phosphate phosphatases. Here, I will discuss the current status of research directed at understanding the roles of these enzymes in insect development and metabolism. Special emphasis will be given to studies in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lehmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, SCEN 601, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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2
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Potential role of diacylglycerol kinases in immune-mediated diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1637-1658. [PMID: 32608491 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism promoting exacerbated immune responses in allergy and autoimmunity as well as those blunting the immune control of cancer cells are of primary interest in medicine. Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are key modulators of signal transduction, which blunt diacylglycerol (DAG) signals and produce phosphatidic acid (PA). By modulating lipid second messengers, DGK modulate the activity of downstream signaling proteins, vesicle trafficking and membrane shape. The biological role of the DGK α and ζ isoforms in immune cells differentiation and effector function was subjected to in deep investigations. DGK α and ζ resulted in negatively regulating synergistic way basal and receptor induced DAG signals in T cells as well as leukocytes. In this way, they contributed to keep under control the immune response but also downmodulate immune response against tumors. Alteration in DGKα activity is also implicated in the pathogenesis of genetic perturbations of the immune function such as the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease 1 and localized juvenile periodontitis. These findings suggested a participation of DGK to the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying several immune-mediated diseases and prompted several researches aiming to target DGK with pharmacologic and molecular strategies. Those findings are discussed inhere together with experimental applications in tumors as well as in other immune-mediated diseases such as asthma.
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3
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Auclair N, Sané AT, Delvin E, Spahis S, Levy E. Phospholipase D as a Potential Modulator of Metabolic Syndrome: Impact of Functional Foods. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:252-278. [PMID: 32586106 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) are composed of a plethora of metabolic dysfunctions such as dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, and hypertension. The development of these disorders is highly linked to inflammation and oxidative stress (OxS), two metabolic states closely related to physiological and pathological conditions. Given the drastically rising CMD prevalence, the discovery of new therapeutic targets/novel nutritional approaches is of utmost importance. Recent Advances: The tremendous progress in methods/technologies and animal modeling has allowed the clarification of phospholipase D (PLD) critical roles in multiple cellular processes, whether directly or indirectly via phosphatidic acid, the lipid product mediating signaling functions. In view of its multiple features and implications in various diseases, PLD has emerged as a drug target. Critical Issues: Although insulin stimulates PLD activity and, in turn, PLD regulates insulin signaling, the impact of the two important PLD isoforms on the metabolic syndrome components remains vague. Therefore, after outlining PLD1/PLD2 characteristics and functions, their role in inflammation, OxS, and CMD has been analyzed and critically reported in the present exhaustive review. The influence of functional foods and nutrients in the regulation of PLD has also been examined. Future Directions: Available evidence supports the implication of PLD in CMD, but only few studies emphasize its mechanisms of action and specific regulation by nutraceutical compounds. Therefore, additional investigations are first needed to clarify the functional role of nutraceutics and, second, to elucidate whether targeting PLDs with food compounds represents an appropriate therapeutic strategy to treat CMD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 252-278.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Auclair
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain T Sané
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology and Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Carmon O, Laguerre F, Riachy L, Delestre-Delacour C, Wang Q, Tanguy E, Jeandel L, Cartier D, Thahouly T, Haeberlé AM, Fouillen L, Rezazgui O, Schapman D, Haefelé A, Goumon Y, Galas L, Renard PY, Alexandre S, Vitale N, Anouar Y, Montero-Hadjadje M. Chromogranin A preferential interaction with Golgi phosphatidic acid induces membrane deformation and contributes to secretory granule biogenesis. FASEB J 2020; 34:6769-6790. [PMID: 32227388 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000074r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a key luminal actor of secretory granule biogenesis at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) level but the molecular mechanisms involved remain obscure. Here, we investigated the possibility that CgA acts synergistically with specific membrane lipids to trigger secretory granule formation. We show that CgA preferentially interacts with the anionic glycerophospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA). In accordance, bioinformatic analysis predicted a PA-binding domain (PABD) in CgA sequence that effectively bound PA (36:1) or PA (40:6) in membrane models. We identified PA (36:1) and PA (40:6) as predominant species in Golgi and granule membranes of secretory cells, and we found that CgA interaction with these PA species promotes artificial membrane deformation and remodeling. Furthermore, we demonstrated that disruption of either CgA PABD or phospholipase D (PLD) activity significantly alters secretory granule formation in secretory cells. Our findings show for the first time the ability of CgA to interact with PLD-generated PA, which allows membrane remodeling and curvature, key processes necessary to initiate secretory granule budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Carmon
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Fanny Laguerre
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Lina Riachy
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Charlène Delestre-Delacour
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Qili Wang
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emeline Tanguy
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lydie Jeandel
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Dorthe Cartier
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Tamou Thahouly
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Marie Haeberlé
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laetitia Fouillen
- Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, CNRS, Plateforme Métabolome, Université de Bordeaux, UMR-5200, Villenave D'Ornon, France
| | - Olivier Rezazgui
- INSA Rouen, CNRS, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Rouen, France
| | - Damien Schapman
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Haefelé
- INSA Rouen, CNRS, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Rouen, France
| | - Yannick Goumon
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- INSA Rouen, CNRS, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Alexandre
- Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces Laboratory, CNRS, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, UMR 6270, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Maité Montero-Hadjadje
- Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
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5
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Laguerre F, Anouar Y, Montero-Hadjadje M. Chromogranin A in the early steps of the neurosecretory pathway. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:524-532. [PMID: 31891241 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a soluble glycoprotein stored with hormones and neuropeptides in secretory granules (SG) of most (neuro)endocrine cells and neurons. Since its discovery in 1967, many studies have reported its structural characteristics, biological roles, and mechanisms of action. Indeed, CgA is both a precursor of various biologically active peptides and a granulogenic protein regulating the storage and secretion of hormones and neuropeptides. This review emphasizes the findings and theoretical concepts around the CgA-linked molecular machinery controlling hormone/neuropeptide aggregation and the interaction of CgA-hormone/neuropeptide aggregates with the trans-Golgi membrane to allow hormone/neuropeptide targeting and SG biogenesis. We will also discuss the intriguing alteration of CgA expression and secretion in various neurological disorders, which could provide insights to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Laguerre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Maité Montero-Hadjadje
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, Rouen, France
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6
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Zhukovsky MA, Filograna A, Luini A, Corda D, Valente C. Phosphatidic acid in membrane rearrangements. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2428-2451. [PMID: 31365767 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is the simplest cellular glycerophospholipid characterized by unique biophysical properties: a small headgroup; negative charge; and a phosphomonoester group. Upon interaction with lysine or arginine, PA charge increases from -1 to -2 and this change stabilizes protein-lipid interactions. The biochemical properties of PA also allow interactions with lipids in several subcellular compartments. Based on this feature, PA is involved in the regulation and amplification of many cellular signalling pathways and functions, as well as in membrane rearrangements. Thereby, PA can influence membrane fusion and fission through four main mechanisms: it is a substrate for enzymes producing lipids (lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol) that are involved in fission or fusion; it contributes to membrane rearrangements by generating negative membrane curvature; it interacts with proteins required for membrane fusion and fission; and it activates enzymes whose products are involved in membrane rearrangements. Here, we discuss the biophysical properties of PA in the context of the above four roles of PA in membrane fusion and fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Zhukovsky
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Filograna
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Valente
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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7
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Rosquete MR, Drakakaki G. Plant TGN in the stress response: a compartmentalized overview. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 46:122-129. [PMID: 30316189 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The cellular responses to abiotic and biotic stress rely on the regulation of vesicle trafficking to ensure the correct localization of proteins specialized in sensing stress stimuli and effecting the response. Several studies have implicated the plant trans-Golgi network (TGN)-mediated trafficking in different types of biotic and abiotic stress responses; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Further, the identity, specialization and stress-relevant cargo transported by the TGN subcompartments involved in stress responses await more in depth characterization. This review presents TGN trafficking players implicated in stress and discusses potential avenues to understand the role of this dynamic network under such extreme circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Ruiz Rosquete
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Georgia Drakakaki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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8
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Mamode Cassim A, Gouguet P, Gronnier J, Laurent N, Germain V, Grison M, Boutté Y, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S. Plant lipids: Key players of plasma membrane organization and function. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:1-27. [PMID: 30465788 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is the biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside. The PM is constituted of a huge diversity of proteins and lipids. In this review, we will update the diversity of molecular species of lipids found in plant PM. We will further discuss how lipids govern global properties of the plant PM, explaining that plant lipids are unevenly distributed and are able to organize PM in domains. From that observation, it emerges a complex picture showing a spatial and multiscale segregation of PM components. Finally, we will discuss how lipids are key players in the function of PM in plants, with a particular focus on plant-microbe interaction, transport and hormone signaling, abiotic stress responses, plasmodesmata function. The last chapter is dedicated to the methods that the plant membrane biology community needs to develop to get a comprehensive understanding of membrane organization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiilah Mamode Cassim
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Paul Gouguet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nelson Laurent
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Magali Grison
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, ERL 6003 CNRS, Dijon, France.
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), CNRS, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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Emperador-Melero J, Huson V, van Weering J, Bollmann C, Fischer von Mollard G, Toonen RF, Verhage M. Vti1a/b regulate synaptic vesicle and dense core vesicle secretion via protein sorting at the Golgi. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3421. [PMID: 30143604 PMCID: PMC6109172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The SNAREs Vti1a/1b are implicated in regulated secretion, but their role relative to canonical exocytic SNAREs remains elusive. Here, we show that synaptic vesicle and dense-core vesicle (DCV) secretion is indeed severely impaired in Vti1a/b-deficient neurons. The synaptic levels of proteins that mediate secretion were reduced, down to 50% for the exocytic SNARE SNAP25. The delivery of SNAP25 and DCV-cargo into axons was decreased and these molecules accumulated in the Golgi. These defects were rescued by either Vti1a or Vti1b expression. Distended Golgi cisternae and clear vacuoles were observed in Vti1a/b-deficient neurons. The normal non-homogeneous distribution of DCV-cargo inside the Golgi was lost. Cargo trafficking out of, but not into the Golgi, was impaired. Finally, retrograde Cholera Toxin trafficking, but not Sortilin/Sorcs1 distribution, was compromised. We conclude that Vti1a/b support regulated secretion by sorting secretory cargo and synaptic secretion machinery components at the Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Emperador-Melero
- Departments of Functional Genomics, Clinical Genetics, VUmc, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Huson
- Clinical Genetics, VUmc, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Weering
- Clinical Genetics, VUmc, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Bollmann
- Department of Biochemistry III, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Ruud F Toonen
- Departments of Functional Genomics, Clinical Genetics, VUmc, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Departments of Functional Genomics, Clinical Genetics, VUmc, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Clinical Genetics, VUmc, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Pokotylo I, Kravets V, Martinec J, Ruelland E. The phosphatidic acid paradox: Too many actions for one molecule class? Lessons from plants. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 71:43-53. [PMID: 29842906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a simple phospholipid observed in most organisms. PA acts as a key metabolic intermediate and a second messenger that regulates many cell activities. In plants, PA is involved in numerous cell responses induced by hormones, stress inputs and developmental processes. Interestingly, PA production can be triggered by opposite stressors, such as cold and heat, or by hormones that are considered to be antagonistic, such as abscisic acid and salicylic acid. This property questions the specificity of the responses controlled by PA. Are there generic responses to PA, meaning that cell regulation triggered by PA would be always the same, even in opposite physiological situations? Alternatively, do the responses to PA differ according to the physiological context within the cells? If so, the mechanisms that regulate the divergence of PA-controlled reactions are poorly defined. This review summarizes the latest opinions on how PA signalling is directed in plant cells and examines the intrinsic properties of PA that enable its regulatory diversity. We propose a concept whereby PA regulatory messages are perceived as complex "signatures" that take into account their production site, the availability of target proteins and the relevant cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- Université Paris-Est, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Créteil, France; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Kravets
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Ruelland
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Créteil, France.
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Niu Y, Xiang Y. An Overview of Biomembrane Functions in Plant Responses to High-Temperature Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:915. [PMID: 30018629 PMCID: PMC6037897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are highly ordered structures consisting of mosaics of lipids and proteins. Elevated temperatures can directly and effectively change the properties of these membranes, including their fluidity and permeability, through a holistic effect that involves changes in the lipid composition and/or interactions between lipids and specific membrane proteins. Ultimately, high temperatures can alter microdomain remodeling and instantaneously relay ambient cues to downstream signaling pathways. Thus, dynamic membrane regulation not only helps cells perceive temperature changes but also participates in intracellular responses and determines a cell's fate. Moreover, due to the specific distribution of extra- and endomembrane elements, the plasma membrane (PM) and membranous organelles are individually responsible for distinct developmental events during plant adaptation to heat stress. This review describes recent studies that focused on the roles of various components that can alter the physical state of the plasma and thylakoid membranes as well as the crucial signaling pathways initiated through the membrane system, encompassing both endomembranes and membranous organelles in the context of heat stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Niu
- *Correspondence: Yue Niu, Yun Xiang,
| | - Yun Xiang
- *Correspondence: Yue Niu, Yun Xiang,
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12
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Hypermethylation of Synphilin-1, Alpha-Synuclein-Interacting Protein (SNCAIP) Gene in the Cerebral Cortex of Patients with Sporadic Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7070074. [PMID: 28653979 PMCID: PMC5532587 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7070074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine and compare DNA methylation patterns between patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and age- and sex-similar matched non-PD controls. Background: Epigenetic regulation is one of the major mechanisms for an organism to respond to the environment through changes in gene expression and has been implicated in numerous disease processes. We would like to examine epigenetic modification patterns that may predispose or protect against PD. Methods: Frozen tissue samples of the human cerebral cortex from 12 PD patients and 12 subjects without PD pathology were obtained. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling was performed using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Differential methylation was defined as a mean methylation level difference (delta β) of at least 0.20 (Δβ ≥ 0.20). Methylation regions with an absolute delta β value ≥ 0.20 were selected for further gene function studies. Results: We identified 2795 differentially methylated CpG sites in the frontal cortex of PD cases with a detection p-value of ≤ 0.01 and 328 differentially methylated CpG sites with a detection p-value of ≤ 0.001. A pattern of robust hypermethylation of synphilin-1, α-synuclein-interacting protein (SNCAIP) gene was found in the brain of PD cases (p = 4.93 × 10−7 and delta β = 0.60). Conclusion: Our findings support a link between SNCAIP methylation and PD risk. Hypomethylation of SNCAIP may function to protect against PD. The current results may suggest that the methylation status of SNCAIP could be useful as a marker in PD diagnosis and treatment and warrants further investigation.
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Tanguy E, Carmon O, Wang Q, Jeandel L, Chasserot-Golaz S, Montero-Hadjadje M, Vitale N. Lipids implicated in the journey of a secretory granule: from biogenesis to fusion. J Neurochem 2016; 137:904-12. [PMID: 26877188 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The regulated secretory pathway begins with the formation of secretory granules by budding from the Golgi apparatus and ends by their fusion with the plasma membrane leading to the release of their content into the extracellular space, generally following a rise in cytosolic calcium. Generation of these membrane-bound transport carriers can be classified into three steps: (i) cargo sorting that segregates the cargo from resident proteins of the Golgi apparatus, (ii) membrane budding that encloses the cargo and depends on the creation of appropriate membrane curvature, and (iii) membrane fission events allowing the nascent carrier to separate from the donor membrane. These secretory vesicles then mature as they are actively transported along microtubules toward the cortical actin network at the cell periphery. The final stage known as regulated exocytosis involves the docking and the priming of the mature granules, necessary for merging of vesicular and plasma membranes, and the subsequent partial or total release of the secretory vesicle content. Here, we review the latest evidence detailing the functional roles played by lipids during secretory granule biogenesis, recruitment, and exocytosis steps. In this review, we highlight evidence supporting the notion that lipids play important functions in secretory vesicle biogenesis, maturation, recruitment, and membrane fusion steps. These effects include regulating various protein distribution and activity, but also directly modulating membrane topology. The challenges ahead to understand the pleiotropic functions of lipids in a secretory granule's journey are also discussed. This article is part of a mini review series on Chromaffin cells (ISCCB Meeting, 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Tanguy
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ophélie Carmon
- INSERM U982, Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, Université de Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Qili Wang
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lydie Jeandel
- INSERM U982, Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, Université de Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sylvette Chasserot-Golaz
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maité Montero-Hadjadje
- INSERM U982, Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale, Université de Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), UPR-3212 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique & Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Zhu YB, Gao W, Zhang Y, Jia F, Zhang HL, Liu YZ, Sun XF, Yin Y, Yin DM. Astrocyte-derived phosphatidic acid promotes dendritic branching. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21096. [PMID: 26883475 PMCID: PMC4756377 DOI: 10.1038/srep21096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play critical roles in neural circuit formation and function. Recent studies have revealed several secreted and contact-mediated signals from astrocytes which are essential for neurite outgrowth and synapse formation. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of dendritic branching by astrocytes remain elusive. Phospholipase D1 (PLD1), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline, has been implicated in the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Here we showed that knockdown of PLD1 selectively in astrocytes reduced dendritic branching of neurons in neuron-glia mixed culture. Further studies from sandwich-like cocultures and astrocyte conditioned medium suggested that astrocyte PLD1 regulated dendritic branching through secreted signals. We later demonstrated that PA was the key mediator for astrocyte PLD1 to regulate dendritic branching. Moreover, PA itself was sufficient to promote dendritic branching of neurons. Lastly, we showed that PA could activate protein kinase A (PKA) in neurons and promote dendritic branching through PKA signaling. Taken together, our results demonstrate that astrocyte PLD1 and its lipid product PA are essential regulators of dendritic branching in neurons. These results may provide new insight into mechanisms underlying how astrocytes regulate dendrite growth of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bing Zhu
- Laboratories of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Experimental Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Laboratories of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Experimental Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Zi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Fang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Min Yin
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Darabi M, Guillas-Baudouin I, Le Goff W, Chapman MJ, Kontush A. Therapeutic applications of reconstituted HDL: When structure meets function. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 157:28-42. [PMID: 26546991 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Reconstituted forms of HDL (rHDL) are under development for infusion as a therapeutic approach to attenuate atherosclerotic vascular disease and to reduce cardiovascular risk following acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke. Currently available rHDL formulations developed for clinical use contain apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and one of the major lipid components of HDL, either phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin. Recent data have established that quantitatively minor molecular constituents of HDL particles can strongly influence their anti-atherogenic functionality. Novel rHDL formulations displaying enhanced biological activities, including cellular cholesterol efflux, may therefore offer promising prospects for the development of HDL-based, anti-atherosclerotic therapies. Indeed, recent structural and functional data identify phosphatidylserine as a bioactive component of HDL; the content of phosphatidylserine in HDL particles displays positive correlations with all metrics of their functionality. This review summarizes current knowledge of structure-function relationships in rHDL formulations, with a focus on phosphatidylserine and other negatively-charged phospholipids. Mechanisms potentially underlying the atheroprotective role of these lipids are discussed and their potential for the development of HDL-based therapies highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darabi
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Isabelle Guillas-Baudouin
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - M John Chapman
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - Anatol Kontush
- UMR INSERM-UPMC 1166 ICAN, Pavillon Benjamin Delessert, Hôpital de la Pitié, 83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Marchini-Alves CMM, Barbosa Lorenzi VC, da Silva EZM, Mazucato VM, Jamur MC, Oliver C. Phospholipase D2 Modulates the Secretory Pathway in RBL-2H3 Mast Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139888. [PMID: 26492088 PMCID: PMC4619593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline. It has two isoforms, PLD1 and PLD2, which are differentially expressed depending on the cell type. In mast cells it plays an important role in signal transduction. The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of PLD2 in the secretory pathway. RBL-2H3 cells, a mast cell line, transfected to overexpress catalytically active (PLD2CA) and inactive (PLD2CI) forms of PLD2 were used. Previous observations showed that the Golgi complex was well organized in CA cells, but was disorganized and dispersed in CI cells. Furthermore, in CI cells, the microtubule organizing center was difficult to identify and the microtubules were disorganized. These previous observations demonstrated that PLD2 is important for maintaining the morphology and organization of the Golgi complex. To further understand the role of PLD2 in secretory and vesicular trafficking, the role of PLD2 in the secretory process was investigated. Incorporation of sialic acid was used to follow the synthesis and transport of glycoconjugates in the cell lines. The modified sialic acid was subsequently detected by labeling with a fluorophore or biotin to visualize the localization of the molecule after a pulse-chase for various times. Glycoconjugate trafficking was slower in the CI cells and labeled glycans took longer to reach the plasma membrane. Furthermore, in CI cells sialic acid glycans remained at the plasma membrane for longer periods of time compared to RBL-2H3 cells. These results suggest that PLD2 activity plays an important role in regulating glycoconjugate trafficking in mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Maria Meirelles Marchini-Alves
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria Cintra Barbosa Lorenzi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Zayas Marcelino da Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marino Mazucato
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Celia Jamur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Constance Oliver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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17
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Xie S, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Diacylglycerol kinases in membrane trafficking. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2015; 5:e1078431. [PMID: 27057419 DOI: 10.1080/21592799.2015.1078431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) belong to a family of cytosolic kinases that regulate the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol (DAG), converting it into phosphatidic acid (PA). There are 10 known mammalian DGK isoforms, each with a different tissue distribution and substrate specificity. These differences allow regulation of cellular responses by fine-tuning the delicate balance of cellular DAG and PA. DGK isoforms are best characterized as mediators of signal transduction and immune function. However, since recent studies reveal that DAG and PA are also involved in the regulation of endocytic trafficking, it is therefore anticipated that DGKs also plays an important role in membrane trafficking. In this review, we summarize the literature discussing the role of DGK isoforms at different stages of endocytic trafficking, including endocytosis, exocytosis, endocytic recycling, and transport from/to the Golgi apparatus. Overall, these studies contribute to our understanding of the involvement of PA and DAG in endocytic trafficking, an area of research that is drawing increasing attention in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha, NE USA
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha, NE USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha, NE USA
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18
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Ruelland E, Kravets V, Derevyanchuk M, Martinec J, Zachowski A, Pokotylo I. Role of phospholipid signalling in plant environmental responses. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 114:129-143. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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19
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Natalini PM, Mateos MV, Ilincheta de Boschero MG, Giusto NM. A novel light-dependent activation of DAGK and PKC in bovine photoreceptor nuclei. Exp Eye Res 2014; 125:142-55. [PMID: 24950064 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we describe a selective light-dependent distribution of the lipid kinase 1,2-diacylglycerol kinase (EC 2.7.1.107, DAGK) and the phosphorylated protein kinase C alpha (pPKCα) in a nuclear fraction of photoreceptor cells from bovine retinas. A nuclear fraction enriched in small nuclei from photoreceptor cells (PNF), was obtained when a modified nuclear isolation protocol developed by our laboratory was used. We measured and compared DAGK activity as phosphatidic acid (PA) formation in PNF obtained from retinas exposed to light and in retinas kept in darkness using [γ-(32)P]ATP or [(3)H]DAG. In the absence of exogenous substrates and detergents, no changes in DAGK activity were observed. However, when DAGK activity assays were performed in the presence of exogenous substrates, such as stearoyl arachidonoyl glycerol (SAG) or dioleoyl glycerol (DOG), and different detergents (used to make different DAGK isoforms evident), we observed significant light effects on DAGK activity, suggesting the presence of several DAGK isoforms in PNF. Under conditions favoring DAGKζ activity (DOG, Triton X-100, dioleoyl phosphatidylserine and R59022) we observed an increase in PA formation in PNF from retinas exposed to light with respect to those exposed to darkness. In contrast, under conditions favoring DAGKɛ (SAG, octylglucoside and R59022) we observed a decrease in its activity. These results suggest different physiological roles of the above-mentioned DAGK isoforms. Western blot analysis showed that whereas light stimulation of bovine retinas increases DAGKζ nuclear content, it decreases DAGKɛ and DAGKβ content in PNF. The role of PIP2-phospholipase C in light-stimulated DAGK activity was demonstrated using U73122. Light was also observed to induce enhanced pPKCα content in PNF. The selective distribution of DAGKζ and ɛ in PNF could be a light-dependent mechanism that in vertebrate retina promotes selective DAG removal and PKC regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola M Natalini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina V Mateos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica G Ilincheta de Boschero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Norma M Giusto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Kavaliauskiene S, Nymark CM, Bergan J, Simm R, Sylvänne T, Simolin H, Ekroos K, Skotland T, Sandvig K. Cell density-induced changes in lipid composition and intracellular trafficking. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1097-116. [PMID: 23921715 PMCID: PMC11113877 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell density is one of the extrinsic factors to which cells adapt their physiology when grown in culture. However, little is known about the molecular changes which occur during cell growth and how cellular responses are then modulated. In many cases, inhibitors, drugs or growth factors used for in vitro studies change the rate of cell proliferation, resulting in different cell densities in control and treated samples. Therefore, for a comprehensive data analysis, it is essential to understand the implications of cell density on the molecular level. In this study, we have investigated how lipid composition changes during cell growth, and the consequences it has for transport of Shiga toxin. By quantifying 308 individual lipid species from 17 different lipid classes, we have found that the levels and species distribution of several lipids change during cell growth, with the major changes observed for diacylglycerols, phosphatidic acids, cholesterol esters, and lysophosphatidylethanolamines. In addition, there is a reduced binding and retrograde transport of Shiga toxin in high density cells which lead to reduced intoxication by the toxin. In conclusion, our data provide novel information on how lipid composition changes during cell growth in culture, and how these changes can modulate intracellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Kavaliauskiene
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carl-Martin Nymark
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Bergan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roger Simm
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Tore Skotland
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten Sandvig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Gerbelli BB, Rubim RL, Silva ER, Nallet F, Navailles L, Oliveira CLP, de Oliveira EA. Steric-induced effects on stabilizing a lamellar structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13717-13722. [PMID: 24215580 DOI: 10.1021/la402962c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the behavior of multilamellar phases composed of lecithin and a commercial cosurfactant (Simusol), which is a mixture of ethoxylated fatty acids. Using X-ray scattering and a new procedure to fit the data, relevant parameters characterizing the lamellar structure were determined as a function of membrane composition, varying from 100% of lecithin to 100% of Simulsol. Scattering data illustrating the swelling of the lamellae for different amounts of cosurfactant are presented with the respective behavior of the Caillé parameter. With this experimental approach, we show that the incorporation of ethoxy brushes onto the lipid surface enhances repulsive interactions arising from membrane fluctuations and changes the interactions at the interface between bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara B Gerbelli
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo , Caixa Postal 66318, 05314-970 São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Holst B, Madsen KL, Jansen AM, Jin C, Rickhag M, Lund VK, Jensen M, Bhatia V, Sørensen G, Madsen AN, Xue Z, Møller SK, Woldbye D, Qvortrup K, Huganir R, Stamou D, Kjærulff O, Gether U. PICK1 deficiency impairs secretory vesicle biogenesis and leads to growth retardation and decreased glucose tolerance. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001542. [PMID: 23630454 PMCID: PMC3635866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two lipid membrane sculpting BAR domain proteins, PICK1 and ICA69, play a key role early in the biogenesis of peptide hormone secretory vesicles and are critical for normal growth and metabolic homeostasis. Secretory vesicles in endocrine cells store hormones such as growth hormone (GH) and insulin before their release into the bloodstream. The molecular mechanisms governing budding of immature secretory vesicles from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and their subsequent maturation remain unclear. Here, we identify the lipid binding BAR (Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs) domain protein PICK1 (protein interacting with C kinase 1) as a key component early in the biogenesis of secretory vesicles in GH-producing cells. Both PICK1-deficient Drosophila and mice displayed somatic growth retardation. Growth retardation was rescued in flies by reintroducing PICK1 in neurosecretory cells producing somatotropic peptides. PICK1-deficient mice were characterized by decreased body weight and length, increased fat accumulation, impaired GH secretion, and decreased storage of GH in the pituitary. Decreased GH storage was supported by electron microscopy showing prominent reduction in secretory vesicle number. Evidence was also obtained for impaired insulin secretion associated with decreased glucose tolerance. PICK1 localized in cells to immature secretory vesicles, and the PICK1 BAR domain was shown by live imaging to associate with vesicles budding from the TGN and to possess membrane-sculpting properties in vitro. In mouse pituitary, PICK1 co-localized with the BAR domain protein ICA69, and PICK1 deficiency abolished ICA69 protein expression. In the Drosophila brain, PICK1 and ICA69 co-immunoprecipitated and showed mutually dependent expression. Finally, both in a Drosophila model of type 2 diabetes and in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice, we observed up-regulation of PICK1 mRNA expression. Our findings suggest that PICK1, together with ICA69, is critical during budding of immature secretory vesicles from the TGN and thus for vesicular storage of GH and possibly other hormones. The data link two BAR domain proteins to membrane remodeling processes in the secretory pathway of peptidergic endocrine cells and support an important role of PICK1/ICA69 in maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Regulated secretion of peptide hormones, such as growth hormone (GH) and insulin, represents a fundamental process in controlling physiological homeostasis. In endocrine cells, hormone-containing vesicles bud from the Golgi apparatus to enable storage and regulated release into the blood stream. Here we show that two proteins with a lipid membrane-shaping BAR domain, PICK1 and ICA69, work together in the pituitary gland and the pancreas to facilitate the budding of early secretory vesicle from the Golgi apparatus. The physiological significance of our findings was borne out by showing that mice and Drosophila flies lacking the PICK1 encoding gene have marked growth retardation. PICK1-deficient mice showed increased fat accumulation, reduced body weight and length, as well as reduced glucose clearance from the blood stream. Consistent with these findings, we observed a severe reduction in GH storage in the pituitary and impaired secretion of both insulin and GH in response to physiological stimuli. Finally, we found that PICK1 expression levels were raised in a fly model of type 2 diabetes and in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. These results indicate that alteration of PICK1 expression might play a role in pathophysiological processes of metabolic diseases and/or in a protective compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Holst
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (BH); (OK); (UG)
| | - Kenneth L. Madsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna M. Jansen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chunyu Jin
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mattias Rickhag
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Viktor K. Lund
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Jensen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vikram Bhatia
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- BioNano Laboratory, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Sørensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas N. Madsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhichao Xue
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siri K. Møller
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Woldbye
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dimitrios Stamou
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- BioNano Laboratory, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Kjærulff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (BH); (OK); (UG)
| | - Ulrik Gether
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (BH); (OK); (UG)
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Involvement of diacylglycerol kinase γ in modulation of iNOS synthesis in Golgi apparatus of vascular endothelial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:787-95. [PMID: 22627682 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the role of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK)γ in vascular endothelial cells. The mRNA and protein expression of DGKγ and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were investigated using RT-PCR, immunocytochemical, and immunoblot analyses. In RAECs, immunoreactivity of DGKγ was detected in the cytoplasm as a tubular or reticular structure. DGKγ immunoreactivity colocalized with those for GM130 and Golgin 97 but not with that for protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). In the presence of brefeldin A, DGKγ immunoreactivity was markedly decreased and displayed an aggregation-like pattern. After treatment of RAECs with nocodazole, DGKγ immunoreactivity was detected in Golgi stacks, which were severely segmented and appeared in vesicular shape. Stimulation with IL-1β increased mRNA expression of DGKγ, which was strongly attenuated by SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor. IL-1β also induced expression of iNOS, which was observed as a tubular structure, and this distribution coincided with DGKγ immunoreactivity. Brefeldin A reduced both iNOS immunoreactivity and DGKγ immunoreactivity. iNOS expression was impaired by DGK inhibitors, R59022 and R59949. These results suggest that DGKγ is upregulated by IL-1β through the p38 MAPK pathway and may be involved in protein trafficking of iNOS in vascular endothelial cells.
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Cellular Mechanisms for the Biogenesis and Transport of Synaptic and Dense-Core Vesicles. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 299:27-115. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394310-1.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Surma MA, Klose C, Simons K. Lipid-dependent protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:1059-67. [PMID: 22230596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the trans-Golgi network serves as a sorting station for post-Golgi traffic. In addition to coat- and adaptor-mediated mechanisms, studies in mammalian epithelial cells and yeast have provided evidence for lipid-dependent protein sorting as a major delivery mechanism for cargo sorting to the cell surface. The mechanism for lipid-mediated sorting is the generation of raft platforms of sphingolipids, sterols and specific sets of cargo proteins by phase segregation in the TGN. Here, we review the evidence for such lipid-raft-based sorting at the TGN, as well as their involvement in the formation of TGN-to-PM transport carriers. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lipids and Vesicular Transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal A Surma
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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26
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Selvy PE, Lavieri RR, Lindsley CW, Brown HA. Phospholipase D: enzymology, functionality, and chemical modulation. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6064-119. [PMID: 21936578 PMCID: PMC3233269 DOI: 10.1021/cr200296t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Selvy
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37064, USA
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27
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Dikiy I, Eliezer D. Folding and misfolding of alpha-synuclein on membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1818:1013-8. [PMID: 21945884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The protein alpha-synuclein is considered to play a major role in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Because it is found in a classic amyloid fibril form within the characteristic intra-neuronal Lewy body deposits of the disease, aggregation of the protein is thought to be of critical importance, but the context in which the protein undergoes aggregation within cells remains unknown. The normal function of synucleins is poorly understood, but appears to involve membrane interactions, and in particular reversible binding to synaptic vesicle membranes. Structural studies of different states of alpha-synuclein, in the absence and presence of membranes or membrane mimetics, have led to models of how membrane-bound forms of the protein may contribute both to functional properties of the protein, as well as to membrane-induced self-assembly and aggregation. This article reviews this area, with a focus on a particular model that has emerged in the past few years. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Folding in Membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Dikiy
- Department of Biochemistry and Program in Structural Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Park MK, Her YM, Cho ML, Oh HJ, Park EM, Kwok SK, Ju JH, Park KS, Min DS, Kim HY, Park SH. IL-15 promotes osteoclastogenesis via the PLD pathway in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Lett 2011; 139:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Borroni V, Barrantes FJ. Cholesterol modulates the rate and mechanism of acetylcholine receptor internalization. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17122-32. [PMID: 21357688 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.211870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stability of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the cell surface is key to the correct functioning of the cholinergic synapse. Cholesterol (Chol) is necessary for homeostasis of AChR levels at the plasmalemma and for ion translocation. Here we characterize the endocytic pathway followed by muscle-type AChR in Chol-depleted cells (Chol(-)). Under such conditions, the AChR is internalized by a ligand-, clathrin-, and dynamin-independent mechanism. Expression of a dominant negative form of the small GTPase Rac1, Rac1N17, abolishes receptor endocytosis. Unlike the endocytic pathway in control CHO cells (1), accelerated AChR internalization proceeds even upon disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Under Chol(-) conditions, AChR internalization is furthermore found to require the activity of Arf6 and its effectors Rac1 and phospholipase D. The Arf6-dependent mechanism may constitute the default endocytic pathway followed by the AChR in the absence of external ligands, membrane Chol levels acting as a key homeostatic regulator of cell surface receptor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Borroni
- Instituto Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, C Carrindanga Km 7, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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30
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Sethu S, Pushparaj PN, Melendez AJ. Phospholipase D1 mediates TNFalpha-induced inflammation in a murine model of TNFalpha-induced peritonitis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10506. [PMID: 20463923 PMCID: PMC2864766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine extensively studied for its role in the pathogenesis of a variety of disease conditions, including in inflammatory diseases. We have recently shown that, in vitro, that TNFα utilizes PLD1 to mediate the activation of NFκB and ERK1/2 in human monocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role(s) played by phospholipase D1 (PLD1) in TNFα-mediated inflammatory responses in vivo. Methodology/Findings Studies were performed in vivo using a mouse model of TNFα-induced peritonitis. The role of PLD1 was investigated by functional genomics, utilizing a specific siRNA to silence the expression of PLD1. Administration of the siRNA against PLD1 significantly reduced PLD1 levels in vivo. TNFα triggers a rapid pyrogenic response, but the in vivo silencing of PLD1 protects mice from the TNFα-induced rise in temperature. Similarly TNFα caused an increase in the serum levels of IL-6, MIP-1α and MIP-1β: this increase in cytokine/chemokine levels was inhibited in mice where PLD1 had been silenced. We then induced acute peritonitis with TNFα. Intraperitoneal injection of TNFα triggered a rapid increase in vascular permeability, and the influx of neutrophils and monocytes into the peritoneal cavity. By contrast, in mice where PLD1 had been silenced, the TNFα-triggered increase in vascular permeability and phagocyte influx was substantially reduced. Furthermore, we also show that the TNFα-mediated upregulation of the cell adhesion molecules VCAM and ICAM1, in the vascular endothelium, were dependent on PLD1. Conclusions These novel data demonstrate a critical role for PLD1 in TNFα-induced inflammation in vivo and warrant further investigation. Indeed, our results suggest PLD1 as a novel target for treating inflammatory diseases, where TNFα play key roles: these include diseases ranging from sepsis to respiratory and autoimmune diseases; all diseases with considerable unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaminathan Sethu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter N. Pushparaj
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alirio J. Melendez
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Lung M, Shulga YV, Ivanova PT, Myers DS, Milne SB, Brown HA, Topham MK, Epand RM. Diacylglycerol kinase epsilon is selective for both acyl chains of phosphatidic acid or diacylglycerol. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:31062-73. [PMID: 19744926 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol (PI) cycle mediates many cellular events by controlling the metabolism of many lipid second messengers. Diacylglycerol kinase epsilon (DGK epsilon) has an important role in this cycle. DGK epsilon is the only DGK isoform to show inhibition by its product phosphatidic acid (PA) as well as substrate specificity for sn-2 arachidonoyl-diacylglycerol (DAG). Here, we show that this inhibition and substrate specificity are both determined by selectivity for a combination of the sn-1 and sn-2 acyl chains of PA or DAG, respectively, preferring the most prevalent acyl chain composition of lipids involved specifically in the PI cycle, 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl. Although the difference in rate for closely related lipid species is small, there is a significant enrichment of 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl PI because of the cyclical nature of PI turnover. We also show that the inhibition of DGK epsilon by PA is competitive and that the deletion of the hydrophobic segment and cationic cluster of DGK epsilon does not affect its selectivity for the acyl chains of PA or DAG. Thus, this active site not only recognizes the lipid headgroup but also a combination of the two acyl chains in PA or DAG. We propose a mechanism of DGK epsilon regulation where its dual acyl chain selectivity is used to negatively regulate its enzymatic activity in a manner that ensures DGK epsilon remains committed to the PI turnover cycle. This novel mechanism of enzyme regulation within a signaling pathway could serve as a template for the regulation of enzymes in other pathways in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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Riebeling C, Morris AJ, Shields D. Phospholipase D in the Golgi apparatus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:876-80. [PMID: 19376267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D has long been implicated in vesicle formation and vesicular transport through the secretory pathway. The Golgi apparatus has been shown to exhibit a plethora of mechanisms of vesicle formation at different stages to accommodate a wide variety of cargo. Phospholipase D has been found on the Golgi apparatus and is regulated by ADP-ribosylation factors which are themselves regulators of vesicle trafficking. Moreover, the product of phospholipase D activity, phosphatidic acid, as well as its degradation product diacylglycerol, have been implicated in vesicle fission and fusion events. Here we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the role of phospholipase D at the Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riebeling
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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Giger K, Lamberson ER, Hovis JS. Formation of complex three-dimensional structures in supported lipid bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:71-74. [PMID: 19067589 DOI: 10.1021/la8033269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes are continually undergoing a wide range of shape transformations. Here, we demonstrate the formation of several structures in supported bilayers, including tubules, caps, and giant multivesicular structures. The key elements required for these transformations are osmotic pressure imbalances, insertion of lipids with positive curvature, and lipids whose curvature is dependent on the screening environment. With these elements, a wide variety of transformations can be achieved in the absence of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Giger
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Biogenesis of Dense-Core Secretory Granules. TRAFFICKING INSIDE CELLS 2009. [PMCID: PMC7122546 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-93877-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dense core granules (DCGs) are vesicular organelles derived from outbound traffic through the eukaryotic secretory pathway. As DCGs are formed, the secretory pathway can also give rise to other types of vesicles, such as those bound for endosomes, lysosomes, and the cell surface. DCGs differ from these other vesicular carriers in both content and function, storing highly concentrated cores’ of condensed cargo in vesicles that are stably maintained within the cell until a specific extracellular stimulus causes their fusion with the plasma membrane. These unique features are imparted by the activities of membrane and lumenal proteins that are specifically delivered to the vesicles during synthesis. This chapter will describe the DCG biogenesis pathway, beginning with the sorting of DCG proteins from proteins that are destined for other types of vesicle carriers. In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), sorting occurs as DCG proteins aggregate, causing physical separation from non-DCG proteins. Recent work addresses the nature of interactions that produce these aggregates, as well as potentially important interactions with membranes and membrane proteins. DCG proteins are released from the TGN in vesicles called immature secretory granules (ISGs). The mechanism of ISG formation is largely unclear but is not believed to rely on the assembly of vesicle coats like those observed in other secretory pathways. The required cytosolic factors are now beginning to be identified using in vitro systems with purified cellular components. ISG transformation into a mature fusion-competent, stimulus-dependent DCG occurs as endoproteolytic processing of many DCG proteins causes continued condensation of the lumenal contents. At the same time, proteins that fail to be incorporated into the condensing core are removed by a coat-mediated budding mechanism, which also serves to remove excess membrane and membrane proteins from the maturing vesicle. This chapter will summarize the work leading to our current view of granule synthesis, and will discuss questions that need to be addressed in order to gain a more complete understanding of the pathway.
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Yee JC, Gerdtzen ZP, Hu WS. Comparative transcriptome analysis to unveil genes affecting recombinant protein productivity in mammalian cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:246-63. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Caspase cleavage of phospholipase D1 in vitro alters its regulation and reveals a novel property of the "loop" region. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1781:376-82. [PMID: 18573349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) has been implicated in mediating vesicular transport, mitosis, differentiation and apoptosis. The product of PLD activity, phosphatidic acid (PA) has mitogenic potential and elevated PLD expression has been detected in many tumor cell lines. Several reports have demonstrated that distinct PLD domains regulate its activity and that truncated forms of PLD retain enzymatic activity. We hypothesized that during apoptosis caspase cleavage of PLDs could result in modification of their activities. To test this idea, we have used in vitro translation of PLD1 and PLD2 which generated active enzymes exhibiting properties mimicking those of the endogenous proteins. Here we demonstrate that PLD1 was rapidly cleaved in vitro by caspases-8, -3 and -7. In contrast, PLD2 cleavage was delayed and its activity was unaffected by incubation with caspase-3. Significantly, following caspase cleavage the response of PLD1 to regulatory stimuli was altered; it was no longer activated by PKC and instead exhibited an increased activity in response to small GTPases. Notably, this enhanced activity was due to cleavage of PLD1 in the "loop" domain, a region previously associated with negative regulatory function. Thus our data have identified a novel regulatory domain in PLD1.
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Sethu S, Mendez-Corao G, Melendez AJ. Phospholipase D1 plays a key role in TNF-alpha signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:6027-34. [PMID: 18424723 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.9.6027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The primary characteristic features of any inflammatory or infectious lesions are immune cell infiltration, cellular proliferation, and the generation of proinflammatory mediators. TNF-alpha is a potent proinflammatory and immuno-regulatory cytokine. Decades of research have been focused on the physiological/pathophysiological events triggered by TNF-alpha. However, the signaling network initiated by TNF-alpha in human leukocytes is still poorly understood. In this study, we report that TNF-alpha activates phospholipase D1 (PLD1), in a dose-dependent manner, and PLD1 is required for the activation of sphingosine kinase and cytosolic calcium signals. PLD1 is also required for NFkappaB and ERK1/2 activation in human monocytic cells. Using antisense oligonucleotides to reduce specifically the expression of PLD isozymes showed PLD1, but not PLD2, to be coupled to TNF-alpha signaling and that PLD1 is required to mediate receptor activation of sphingosine kinase and calcium transients. In addition, the coupling of TNF-alpha to activation of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the activation of NFkappaB were inhibited by pretreating cells with antisense to PLD1, but not to PLD2; thus, demonstrating a specific requirement for PLD1. Furthermore, use of antisense oligonucleotides to reduce expression of PLD1 or PLD2 demonstrated that PLD1 is required for TNF-alpha-induced production of several important cytokines, such as IL-1beta, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-13, in human monocytes. These studies demonstrate the critical role of PLD1 in the intracellular signaling cascades initiated by TNF-alpha and its functional role for coordinating the signals to inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaminathan Sethu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Van Overloop H, Van Veldhoven PP. Ceramide-dependent release of ceramide kinase from cultured cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 364:169-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sonoda H, Okada T, Jahangeer S, Nakamura SI. Requirement of phospholipase D for ilimaquinone-induced Golgi membrane fragmentation. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:34085-92. [PMID: 17897952 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705593200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are highly compartmentalized, these organelles are interconnected through a network of vesicular trafficking. The marine sponge metabolite ilimaquinone (IQ) is known to induce Golgi membrane fragmentation and is widely used to study the mechanism of vesicular trafficking. Although IQ treatment causes protein kinase D (PKD) activation, the detailed mechanism of IQ-induced Golgi membrane fragmentation remains unclear. In this work, we found that IQ treatment of cells caused a robust activation of phospholipase D (PLD). In the presence of 1-butanol but not 2-butanol, IQ-induced Golgi membrane fragmentation was completely blocked. In addition, IQ failed to induce Golgi membrane fragmentation in PLD knock-out DT40 cells. Furthermore, IQ-induced PKD activation was completely blocked by treatment with either 1-butanol or propranolol. Notably, IQ-induced Golgi membrane fragmentation was also blocked by propranolol treatment. These results indicate that PLD-catalyzed formation of phosphatidic acid is a prerequisite for IQ-induced Golgi membrane fragmentation and that enzymatic conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol is necessary for subsequent activation of PKD and IQ-induced Golgi membrane fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Sonoda
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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41
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Ferraro F, Ma XM, Sobota JA, Eipper BA, Mains RE. Kalirin/Trio Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors regulate a novel step in secretory granule maturation. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:4813-25. [PMID: 17881726 PMCID: PMC2096607 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-05-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms involved in the maturation of secretory granules, organelles that store hormones and neuropeptides, are poorly understood. As granule content proteins are processed, the composition of granule membranes changes, yielding constitutive-like secretion of immature content proteins and producing secretagogue-responsive mature granules. Constitutive-like secretion was not previously recognized as a process subject to regulation. We show that Kalirin and Trio, homologous Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which interact with a secretory granule resident protein, modulate cargo secretion from immature granules. Some of the Kalirin and Trio isoforms expressed in neuroendocrine cells colocalize with immature granules. Overexpression of their N-terminal GEF domain (GEF1) enhances secretion from immature granules, depleting cells of secretory cargo in the absence of secretagogue. This response requires GEF1 activity and is mimicked by Kalirin/Trio substrates Rac1 and RhoG. Accordingly, selective pharmacological inhibition of endogenous GEF1 activity decreases secretagogue-independent release of hormone precursors, accumulating product peptide in mature secretory granules. Kalirin/Trio modulation of cargo secretion from immature granules provides secretory cells with an extra layer of control over the sets of peptides released. Control of this step enhances the range of physiological responses that can be elicited, whereas lack of control could have pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferraro
- Neuroscience Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3401
| | - Xin-Ming Ma
- Neuroscience Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3401
| | - Jacqueline A. Sobota
- Neuroscience Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3401
| | - Betty A. Eipper
- Neuroscience Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3401
| | - Richard E. Mains
- Neuroscience Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3401
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Fernández-Ulibarri I, Vilella M, Lázaro-Diéguez F, Sarri E, Martínez SE, Jiménez N, Claro E, Mérida I, Burger KN, Egea G. Diacylglycerol is required for the formation of COPI vesicles in the Golgi-to-ER transport pathway. Mol Biol Cell 2007; 18:3250-63. [PMID: 17567948 PMCID: PMC1951743 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-04-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol is necessary for trans-Golgi network (TGN) to cell surface transport, but its functional relevance in the early secretory pathway is unclear. Although depletion of diacylglycerol did not affect ER-to-Golgi transport, it led to a redistribution of the KDEL receptor to the Golgi, indicating that Golgi-to-ER transport was perturbed. Electron microscopy revealed an accumulation of COPI-coated membrane profiles close to the Golgi cisternae. Electron tomography showed that the majority of these membrane profiles originate from coated buds, indicating a block in membrane fission. Under these conditions the Golgi-associated pool of ARFGAP1 was reduced, but there was no effect on the binding of coatomer or the membrane fission protein CtBP3/BARS to the Golgi. The addition of 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol or the diacylglycerol analogue phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate reversed the effects of endogenous diacylglycerol depletion. Our findings implicate diacylglycerol in the retrograde transport of proteins from Golgi to the ER and suggest that it plays a critical role at a late stage of COPI vesicle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Fernández-Ulibarri
- *Departament de Biologia Cellular i Anatomia Patològica, Facultat de Medicina and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and
| | - Montserrat Vilella
- *Departament de Biologia Cellular i Anatomia Patològica, Facultat de Medicina and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and
| | - Francisco Lázaro-Diéguez
- *Departament de Biologia Cellular i Anatomia Patològica, Facultat de Medicina and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Sarri
- *Departament de Biologia Cellular i Anatomia Patològica, Facultat de Medicina and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and
| | - Susana E. Martínez
- *Departament de Biologia Cellular i Anatomia Patològica, Facultat de Medicina and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and
| | | | - Enrique Claro
- Institut de Neurociències i Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Isabel Mérida
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Koert N.J. Burger
- Biochemical Physiology, Science Faculty and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Gustavo Egea
- *Departament de Biologia Cellular i Anatomia Patològica, Facultat de Medicina and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Abstract
The creation of three-dimensional structures in supported lipid bilayers has been examined. In bilayers, shape transformations can be triggered by adjusting a variety of parameters. Here, it is shown that bilayers composed of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid can be induced to reversibly form cap structures when exposed to an asymmetry in ionic strength. The structures that form depend on the asymmetry in the ionic strength and the amount of anionic lipid. Other factors that may be of importance in the creation of the structures, expansion forces, osmotic forces, and the bilayer-support interaction are discussed. The cap structures have the potential to be of considerable utility in examining the effect that curvature has on membrane processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee R Cambrea
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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44
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Nelson CD, Perry SJ, Regier DS, Prescott SM, Topham MK, Lefkowitz RJ. Targeting of diacylglycerol degradation to M1 muscarinic receptors by beta-arrestins. Science 2007; 315:663-6. [PMID: 17272726 DOI: 10.1126/science.1134562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Seven-transmembrane receptor (7TMR) signaling is transduced by second messengers such as diacylglycerol (DAG) generated in response to the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein Gq and is terminated by receptor desensitization and degradation of the second messengers. We show that beta-arrestins coordinate both processes for the Gq-coupled M1 muscarinic receptor. beta-Arrestins physically interact with diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), enzymes that degrade DAG. Moreover, beta-arrestins are essential for conversion of DAG to phosphatidic acid after agonist stimulation, and this activity requires recruitment of the beta-arrestin-DGK complex to activated 7TMRs. The dual function of beta-arrestins, limiting production of diacylglycerol (by receptor desensitization) while enhancing its rate of degradation, is analogous to their ability to recruit adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterases to Gs-coupled beta2-adrenergic receptors. Thus, beta-arrestins can serve similar regulatory functions for disparate classes of 7TMRs through structurally dissimilar enzymes that degrade chemically distinct second messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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45
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Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is emerging as a key phospholipid in a wide range of biological processes such as signal transduction, secretion, or membrane fusion. In most cases, the biological functionality of PA is associated with the presence of micromolar to millimolar calcium concentrations. It has been argued that PA can create defects in the packing of lipids in membranes due to lateral phase separation by divalent ions, which in turn aggregate proteins with high affinity for PA. In this article, we present a detailed investigation of the properties of PA domains in the presence of divalent ions by a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical methods. Our results show that PA is extremely effective in binding divalent ions through its oxygen atoms, with a broad distribution of binding constants and exhibiting the phenomenon of charge inversion (a total number of bound counterion charges that exceeds the negative PA charge). We predict that a PA-rich domain undergoes a drastic reorganization when divalent cations reach micromolar concentrations (i.e., typical physiological conditions), as PA lipids become doubly charged by releasing their protons. We also present a detailed investigation of the properties of interfacial water, which determine the binding of proteins or other molecules. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our results in the context of recent experimental studies in model systems and in real cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Faraudo
- Departament de Fisica, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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46
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Kim T, Gondré-Lewis MC, Arnaoutova I, Loh YP. Dense-core secretory granule biogenesis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2006; 21:124-33. [PMID: 16565478 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00043.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dense-core secretory granule is a key organelle for secretion of hormones and neuropeptides in endocrine cells and neurons, in response to stimulation. Cholesterol and granins are critical for the assembly of these organelles at the trans-Golgi network, and their biogenesis is regulated quantitatively by posttranscriptional and posttranslational mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoon Kim
- Section on Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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47
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Larsen MK, Tuck S, Færgeman NJ, Knudsen J. MAA-1, a novel acyl-CoA-binding protein involved in endosomal vesicle transport in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:4318-29. [PMID: 16870706 PMCID: PMC1635345 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e06-01-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The budding and fission of vesicles during membrane trafficking requires many proteins, including those that coat the vesicles, adaptor proteins that recruit components of the coat, and small GTPases that initiate vesicle formation. In addition, vesicle formation in vitro is promoted by the hydrolysis of acyl-CoA lipid esters. The mechanisms by which these lipid esters are directed to the appropriate membranes in vivo, and their precise roles in vesicle biogenesis, are not yet understood. Here, we present the first report on membrane associated ACBP domain-containing protein-1 (MAA-1), a novel membrane-associated member of the acyl-CoA-binding protein family. We show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, MAA-1 localizes to intracellular membrane organelles in the secretory and endocytic pathway and that mutations in maa-1 reduce the rate of endosomal recycling. A lack of maa-1 activity causes a change in endosomal morphology. Although in wild type, many endosomal organelles have long tubular protrusions, loss of MAA-1 activity results in loss of the tubular domains, suggesting the maa-1 is required for the generation or maintenance of these domains. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MAA-1 binds fatty acyl-CoA in vitro and that this ligand-binding ability is important for its function in vivo. Our results are consistent with a role for MAA-1 in an acyl-CoA-dependent process during vesicle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten K. Larsen
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; and
- Umeå Center for Molecular Pathogenesis, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Simon Tuck
- Umeå Center for Molecular Pathogenesis, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Nils J. Færgeman
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; and
| | - Jens Knudsen
- *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; and
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48
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Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is activated in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli such as growth factor stimulation. The best-characterized MAPK pathway involves the sequential activation of Raf, MEK and ERK proteins, capable of regulating the gene expression required for cell proliferation. Binding to specific lipids can regulate both the subcellular localization of these MAPK signaling proteins as well as their kinase activities. More recently it has become increasingly clear that the majority of MAPK signaling takes place intracellularly on endosomes and that the perturbation of endocytic pathways has dramatic effects on the MAPK pathway. This review highlights the direct effects of lipids on the localization and regulation of MAPK pathway proteins. In addition, the indirect effects lipids have on MAPK signaling via their regulation of endocytosis and the biophysical properties of different membrane lipids as a result of growth factor stimulation are discussed. The ability of a protein to bind to both lipids and proteins at the same time may act like a "ZIP code" to target that protein to a highly specific microlocation and could also allow a protein to be "handed off" to maintain tight control over its binding partners and location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah H Anderson
- Cancer Research Unit, Health Research Division, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 20 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Sask., Canada S7N 4H4.
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49
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Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) attenuate diacylglycerol signaling by converting this lipid to phosphatidic acid (PA). The nine mammalian DGKs that have been identified are widely expressed, but each isoform has a unique tissue and subcellular distribution. Their kinase activity is regulated by mechanisms that modify their access to diacylglycerol, directly affect their kinase activity, or alter their ability to bind to other proteins. In many cases, these enzymes regulate the activity of proteins that are modulated by either diacylglycerol or PA. Experiments using cultured cells and model organisms have demonstrated that DGKs have prominent roles in neuronal transmission, lymphocyte signaling, and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Topham
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5550, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) and ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) have been implicated in vesicular trafficking and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. We have explored the co-localization of rat PLD1b and rat PLD2 with wild type and mutant forms of ARF6 in HeLa cells and studied their activation by ARF6 and the role of the actin cytoskeleton. GFP-tagged PLD1 had a similar pattern to multivesicular and late endosomes and the trans-Golgi apparatus, but not to other organelles. When wild type or dominant negative ARF6 and PLD1 or PLD2 were co-expressed, they had a similar localization in cytosolic particles and at the cell periphery. In contrast, dominant active ARF6 caused cell shrinkage and had a similar localization with PLD1 and PLD2 in dense structures, containing the trans-Golgi apparatus and actin. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton with cytochalasin D did not induce the formation of these structures. To determine, if ARF6 selectively activated PLD1 or PLD2, wild type and mutant forms of the ARF isoform were transfected together with PLD1 or PLD2. Wild type ARF6 did not affect either PLD isozyme, but dominant active ARF6 selectively activated PLD2 and dominant negative ARF6 selectively inhibited PLD2. In contrast, dominant active ARF1 or Rac1 stimulated both PLD isozymes but the ARF1 effect on PLD2 was very small. Cytochalasin D did not affect the activation of PLD by phorbol ester. The localizations of PLD and ARF6 were also analyzed by fractionation after methyl-beta-cyclodextrin extraction to deplete cholesterol. The results showed that all PLD isoforms and ARF6 mutants existed in the membrane fraction, but only wild type ARF6 was dependent on the presence of cholesterol. These experiments showed that wild type ARF6 had a similar location with PLD isoforms on cell staining, but it did not colocalize with PLD isoforms in fractionation experiments. It is proposed that activated ARF6 translocates to the cholesterol independent microdomain and then activates PLD2 there. It is further concluded that PLD2 is selectively activated by ARF6 in vivo and that disruption of the actin cytoskeleton does not affect this activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Hiroyama
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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