1
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Kohda A, Kamakura S, Hayase J, Sumimoto H. The NADPH oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2 are sorted to the apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells via their respective maturation factors DUOXA1 and DUOXA2. Genes Cells 2024. [PMID: 39126279 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The membrane-integrated NADPH oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2 are recruited to the apical plasma membrane in epithelial cells to release hydrogen peroxide, thereby playing crucial roles in various functions such as thyroid hormone synthesis and host defense. However, it has remained unknown about the molecular mechanism for apical sorting of DUOX1 and DUOX2. Here we show that DUOX1 and DUOX2 are correctly sorted to the apical membrane via the membrane-spanning DUOX maturation proteins DUOXA1 and DUOXA2, respectively, when co-expressed in MDCK epithelial cells. Impairment of N-glycosylation of DUOXA1 results in mistargeting of DUOX1 to the basolateral membrane. Similar to DUOX1 complexed with the glycosylation-defective DUOXA1, the naturally non-glycosylated oxidase NOX5, which forms a homo-oligomer, is targeted basolaterally. On the other hand, a mutant DUOXA2 deficient in N-glycosylation is less stable than the wild-type protein but still capable of recruiting DUOX2 to the apical membrane, whereas DUOX2 is missorted to the basolateral membrane when paired with DUOXA1. These findings indicate that DUOXA2 is crucial but its N-glycosylation is dispensable for DUOX2 apical recruitment; instead, its C-terminal region seems to be involved. Thus, apical sorting of DUOX1 and DUOX2 is likely regulated in a distinct manner by their respective partners DUOXA1 and DUOXA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kohda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kamakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junya Hayase
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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2
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Cui C, Jiang M, Jain N, Das S, Lo YH, Kermani AA, Pipatpolkai T, Sun J. Structural basis of human NOX5 activation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3994. [PMID: 38734761 PMCID: PMC11088703 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) catalyzes the production of superoxide free radicals and regulates physiological processes from sperm motility to cardiac rhythm. Overexpression of NOX5 leads to cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. NOX5 is activated by intracellular calcium signaling, but the underlying molecular mechanism of which - in particular, how calcium triggers electron transfer from NADPH to FAD - is still unclear. Here we capture motions of full-length human NOX5 upon calcium binding using single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). By combining biochemistry, mutagenesis analyses, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we decode the molecular basis of NOX5 activation and electron transfer. We find that calcium binding to the EF-hand domain increases NADPH dynamics, permitting electron transfer between NADPH and FAD and superoxide production. Our structural findings also uncover a zinc-binding motif that is important for NOX5 stability and enzymatic activity, revealing modulation mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Cui
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105, USA
| | - Meiqin Jiang
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105, USA
| | - Nikhil Jain
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105, USA
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Lo
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105, USA
| | - Ali A Kermani
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105, USA
| | - Tanadet Pipatpolkai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 673371, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Structural Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN38105, USA.
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3
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Zhong J, Tang Y. Research progress on the role of reactive oxygen species in the initiation, development and treatment of breast cancer. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 188:1-18. [PMID: 38387519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
According to international cancer data, breast cancer (BC) is the leading type of cancer in women. Although significant progress has been made in treating BC, metastasis and drug resistance continue to be the primary causes of mortality for many patients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in vivo: normal levels can maintain the body's normal physiological function; however, high levels of ROS below the toxicity threshold can lead to mtDNA damage, activation of proto-oncogenes, and inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, which are important causes of BC. Differences in the production and regulation of ROS in different BC subtypes have important implications for the development and treatment of BC. ROS can also serve as an important intracellular signal transduction factor by affecting the antioxidant system, activating MAPK and PI3K/AKT, and other signal pathways to regulate cell cycle and change the relationship between cells and the activity of metalloproteinases, which significantly impacts the metastasis of BC. Hypoxia in the BC microenvironment increases ROS production levels, thereby inducing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and forming "ROS- HIF-1α-ROS" cycle that exacerbates BC development. Many anti-BC therapies generate sufficient toxic ROS to promote cancer cell apoptosis, but because the basal level of ROS in BC cells exceeds that of normal cells, this leads to up-regulation of the antioxidant system, drug efflux, and apoptosis inhibition, rendering BC cells resistant to the drug. ROS crosstalks with tumor vessels and stromal cells in the microenvironment, increasing invasiveness and drug resistance in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Tang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, No.1, Section 1, Xianglin Road, Longmatan District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, China.
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4
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Petit-Hartlein I, Vermot A, Thepaut M, Humm AS, Dupeux F, Dupuy J, Chaptal V, Marquez JA, Smith SME, Fieschi F. X-ray structure and enzymatic study of a bacterial NADPH oxidase highlight the activation mechanism of eukaryotic NOX. eLife 2024; 13:RP93759. [PMID: 38640072 PMCID: PMC11031084 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOX) are transmembrane proteins, widely spread in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Eukaryotes use the ROS products for innate immune defense and signaling in critical (patho)physiological processes. Despite the recent structures of human NOX isoforms, the activation of electron transfer remains incompletely understood. SpNOX, a homolog from Streptococcus pneumoniae, can serves as a robust model for exploring electron transfers in the NOX family thanks to its constitutive activity. Crystal structures of SpNOX full-length and dehydrogenase (DH) domain constructs are revealed here. The isolated DH domain acts as a flavin reductase, and both constructs use either NADPH or NADH as substrate. Our findings suggest that hydride transfer from NAD(P)H to FAD is the rate-limiting step in electron transfer. We identify significance of F397 in nicotinamide access to flavin isoalloxazine and confirm flavin binding contributions from both DH and Transmembrane (TM) domains. Comparison with related enzymes suggests that distal access to heme may influence the final electron acceptor, while the relative position of DH and TM does not necessarily correlate with activity, contrary to previous suggestions. It rather suggests requirement of an internal rearrangement, within the DH domain, to switch from a resting to an active state. Thus, SpNOX appears to be a good model of active NOX2, which allows us to propose an explanation for NOX2's requirement for activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annelise Vermot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie StructuraleGrenobleFrance
| | - Michel Thepaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie StructuraleGrenobleFrance
| | | | - Florine Dupeux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie StructuraleGrenobleFrance
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryGrenobleFrance
| | - Jerome Dupuy
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie StructuraleGrenobleFrance
| | | | | | - Susan ME Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State UniversityKennesawUnited States
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie StructuraleGrenobleFrance
- Institut Universitaire de FranceParisFrance
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5
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Li J, Gong Y, Wang X, He X, He X, Chu M, Di R. Screening of Litter-Size-Associated SNPs in NOX4, PDE11A and GHR Genes of Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:767. [PMID: 38473152 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, NOX4, PDE11A and GHR genes have been screened as important candidate genes for litter size in sheep by using the GWAS method; however, neither their effects on litter size nor the loci associated with litter size have been identified. In this study, three candidate loci (c.1057-4C > T in NOX4, c.1983C > T in PDE11A and c.1618C > T in GHR) were first screened based on our previous resequencing data of 10 sheep breeds. After the three loci were genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY technology, we carried out population genetics analysis on the three loci and performed association analysis between the polymorphism of the three loci and the litter size of sheep. The results of population genetics analysis suggested that c.1057-4C > T in NOX4 and c.1983C > T in PDE11A may be subject to natural or artificial selection. The results of association analysis indicated that litter size was significantly associated with c.1057-4C > T in NOX4 and c.1983C > T in PDE11A (p < 0.05) in Small Tail Han sheep, and there was no significant interaction effect between the two loci on the litter size. In summary, c.1057-4C > T in NOX4 and c.1983 C > T in PDE11A can be considered candidate molecular markers for improving litter size in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolong He
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ran Di
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Irigoyen P, Mansilla S, Castro L, Cassina A, Sapiro R. Mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species production during human sperm capacitation: Unraveling key players. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23486. [PMID: 38407497 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301957rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Sperm capacitation is a critical process for male fertility. It involves a series of biochemical and physiological changes that occur in the female reproductive tract, rendering the sperm competent for successful fertilization. The precise mechanisms and, specifically, the role of mitochondria, in sperm capacitation remain incompletely understood. Previously, we revealed that in mouse sperm mitochondrial activity (e.g., oxygen consumption, membrane potential, ATP/ADP exchange, and mitochondrial Ca2+ ) increases during capacitation. Herein, we studied mitochondrial function by high-resolution respirometry (HRR) and reactive oxygen species production in capacitated (CAP) and non-capacitated (NC) human spermatozoa. We found that in capacitated sperm from normozoospermic donors, the respiratory control ratio increased by 36%, accompanied by a double oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in the presence of antimycin A. Extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) detection was three times higher in CAP than in NC sperm cells. To confirm that H2 O2 production depends on mitochondrial superoxide (O 2 · - $$ {\mathrm{O}}_2^{\cdotp -} $$ ) formation, we evaluated mitochondrial aconitase (ACO2) amount, activity, and role in the metabolic flux from the sperm tricarboxylic acid cycle. We estimated that CAP cells produce, on average by individual, (59 ± 22)% moreO 2 · - $$ {\mathrm{O}}_2^{\cdotp -} $$ in the steady-state compared to NC cells. Finally, we analyzed two targets of oxidative stress: lipid peroxidation by western blot against 4-hydroxynonenal and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity by HRR. We did not observe modifications in lipoperoxidation nor the activity of SDH, suggesting that during capacitation, the increase in mitochondrial H2 O2 production does not damage sperm and it is necessary for the normal CAP process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Irigoyen
- Unidad Académica Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Mansilla
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Castro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Cassina
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rossana Sapiro
- Unidad Académica Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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7
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Herb M. NADPH Oxidase 3: Beyond the Inner Ear. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:219. [PMID: 38397817 PMCID: PMC10886416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were formerly known as mere byproducts of metabolism with damaging effects on cellular structures. The discovery and description of NADPH oxidases (Nox) as a whole enzyme family that only produce this harmful group of molecules was surprising. After intensive research, seven Nox isoforms were discovered, described and extensively studied. Among them, the NADPH oxidase 3 is the perhaps most underrated Nox isoform, since it was firstly discovered in the inner ear. This stigma of Nox3 as "being only expressed in the inner ear" was also used by me several times. Therefore, the question arose whether this sentence is still valid or even usable. To this end, this review solely focuses on Nox3 and summarizes its discovery, the structural components, the activating and regulating factors, the expression in cells, tissues and organs, as well as the beneficial and detrimental effects of Nox3-mediated ROS production on body functions. Furthermore, the involvement of Nox3-derived ROS in diseases progression and, accordingly, as a potential target for disease treatment, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
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8
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Moradbeigi P, Hosseini S, Salehi M, Mogheiseh A. Methyl β-Cyclodextrin-sperm-mediated gene editing (MBCD-SMGE): a simple and efficient method for targeted mutant mouse production. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:3. [PMID: 38279106 PMCID: PMC10811837 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generating targeted mutant mice is a crucial technology in biomedical research. This study focuses on optimizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system uptake into sperm cells using the methyl β-cyclodextrin-sperm-mediated gene transfer (MBCD-SMGT) technique to generate targeted mutant blastocysts and mice efficiently. Additionally, the present study elucidates the roles of cholesterol and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the exogenous DNA uptake by sperm. RESULTS In this study, B6D2F1 mouse sperm were incubated in the c-TYH medium with different concentrations of MBCD (0, 0.75, 1, and 2 mM) in the presence of 20 ng/µl pCAG-eCas9-GFP-U6-gRNA (pgRNA-Cas9) for 30 min. Functional parameters, extracellular ROS, and the copy numbers of internalized plasmid per sperm cell were evaluated. Subsequently, in vitro fertilization (IVF) was performed and fertilization rate, early embryonic development, and transfection rate were assessed. Finally, our study investigated the potential of the MBCD-SMGT technique in combination with the CRISPR-Cas9 system, referred to as MBCD-SMGE (MBCD-sperm-mediated gene editing), for generating targeted mutant blastocysts and mice. Results indicated that cholesterol removal from the sperm membrane using MBCD resulted in a premature acrosomal reaction, an increase in extracellular ROS levels, and a dose-dependent influence on the copy numbers of the internalized plasmids per sperm cell. Moreover, the MBCD-SMGT technique led to a larger population of transfected motile sperm and a higher production rate of GFP-positive blastocysts. Additionally, the current study validated the targeted indel in blastocyst and mouse derived from MBCD-SMGE technique. CONCLUSION Overall, this study highlights the significant potential of the MBCD-SMGE technique for generating targeted mutant mice. It holds enormous promise for modeling human diseases and improving desirable traits in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Moradbeigi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, P. O. Box: 7144169155, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 193954717, Tehran, Iran
- Hasti Noavaran Gene Royan Co, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 193954717, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Asghar Mogheiseh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, P. O. Box: 7144169155, Shiraz, Iran
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9
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Dewan SMR, Meem SS, Proma AY, Shahriar M. Dietary Salt Can Be Crucial for Food-Induced Vascular Inflammation. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2024; 17:2632010X241228039. [PMID: 38313416 PMCID: PMC10838034 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x241228039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Salt enhances the taste as well as the nutritional value of food. Besides, several reports are available on the incidence and epidemiology of various illnesses in relation to salt intake. Excessive salt consumption has been found to be linked with high blood pressure, renal disease, and other cardiovascular disorders due to the result of vascular inflammation. Nevertheless, studies aimed at elucidating the molecular processes that produce vascular inflammation have yet to reach their conclusions. This article emphasizes the significance of investigating the mechanisms underlying both acute and chronic vascular inflammation induced by salt. It also explores the logical inferences behind cellular oxidative stress and the role of endothelial dysfunction as the potential initiator of the inflammatory segments that remain poorly understood. It is therefore hypothesized that salt is one of the causes of chronic vascular inflammation such as atherosclerosis. The hypothesis's secrets, when revealed, can help assure cardiovascular health by proactive efforts and the development of appropriate preventative measures, in combination with medication, dietary and lifestyle adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Shahid Meem
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amrin Yeasin Proma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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10
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Szeles Z, Petheő GL, Szikora B, Kacskovics I, Geiszt M. A novel monoclonal antibody reveals the enrichment of NADPH oxidase 5 in human splenic endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17174. [PMID: 37821487 PMCID: PMC10567692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the NOX/DUOX family of NADPH oxidases are responsible for regulated ROS production in diverse cells and tissues. Detection of NOX/DUOX proteins at the protein level remains an important challenge in the field. Here we report the development and characterization of a novel anti-NOX5 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes the human NOX5 protein in both Western blot, immunocytochemistry, and histochemistry applications. With the help of the antibody we could successfully detect both heterologously and endogenously expressed NOX5 in mammalian cells. Furthermore, we could also detect NOX5 protein in the human spleen, testis, and ovary. Immunohistochemical studies on human testis revealed that NOX5 localized to spermatogenic cells. This expression pattern was also supported by the result of in silico analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data that indicated that NOX5 protein is present in developing spermatids and spermatocytes. Mature spermatozoa, however, did not contain detectable NOX5. In the human ovary, both immunostaining and single-cell RNA sequencing suggest that NOX5 is expressed in interstitial fibroblasts and theca cells. We also analyzed vascular cells for the presence of NOX5 and we found that NOX5 expression is a fairly specific feature of splenic endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Szeles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, PO Box 259, 1444, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor L Petheő
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, PO Box 259, 1444, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, PO Box 259, 1444, Budapest, Hungary.
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11
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Cipriano A, Viviano M, Feoli A, Milite C, Sarno G, Castellano S, Sbardella G. NADPH Oxidases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Current Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11632-11655. [PMID: 37650225 PMCID: PMC10510401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) form a family of electron-transporting membrane enzymes whose main function is reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Strong evidence suggests that ROS produced by NOX enzymes are major contributors to oxidative damage under pathologic conditions. Therefore, blocking the undesirable actions of these enzymes is a therapeutic strategy for treating various pathological disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancer. To date, identification of selective NOX inhibitors is quite challenging, precluding a pharmacologic demonstration of NOX as therapeutic targets in vivo. The aim of this Perspective is to furnish an updated outlook about the small-molecule NOX inhibitors described over the last two decades. Structures, activities, and in vitro/in vivo specificity are discussed, as well as the main biological assays used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cipriano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Monica Viviano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Feoli
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ciro Milite
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuliana Sarno
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sbardella
- Department
of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Med Chem Lab, and PhD Program in Drug Discovery and
Development, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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12
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Wang D, Li J, Luo G, Zhou J, Wang N, Wang S, Zhao R, Cao X, Ma Y, Liu G, Hao L. Nox4 as a novel therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102781. [PMID: 37321060 PMCID: PMC10363438 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications can affect both microvascular and macrovascular. Diabetic microvascular complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy, are believed to be caused by oxidative stress. The Nox family of NADPH oxidases is a significant source of reactive oxygen species and plays a crucial role in regulating redox signaling, particularly in response to high glucose and diabetes mellitus. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the role of Nox4 and its regulatory mechanisms in diabetic microangiopathies. Especially, the latest novel advances in the upregulation of Nox4 that aggravate various cell types within diabetic kidney disease will be highlighted. Interestingly, this review also presents the mechanisms by which Nox4 regulates diabetic microangiopathy from novel perspectives such as epigenetics. Besides, we emphasize Nox4 as a therapeutic target for treating microvascular complications of diabetes and summarize drugs, inhibitors, and dietary components targeting Nox4 as important therapeutic measures in preventing and treating diabetic microangiopathy. Additionally, this review also sums up the evidence related to Nox4 and diabetic macroangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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13
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Structure, regulation, and physiological functions of NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5). J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00955-3. [PMID: 36905456 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
NOX5 is the last member of the NADPH oxidase (NOXs) family to be identified and presents some specific characteristics differing from the rest of the NOXs. It contains four Ca2+ binding domains at the N-terminus and its activity is regulated by the intracellular concentration of Ca2+. NOX5 generates superoxide (O2•-) using NADPH as a substrate, and it modulates functions related to processes in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved. Those functions appear to be detrimental or beneficial depending on the level of ROS produced. For example, the increase in NOX5 activity is related to the development of various oxidative stress-related pathologies such as cancer, cardiovascular, and renal diseases. In this context, pancreatic expression of NOX5 can negatively alter insulin action in high-fat diet-fed transgenic mice. This is consistent with the idea that the expression of NOX5 tends to increase in response to a stimulus or a stressful situation, generally causing a worsening of the pathology. On the other hand, it has also been suggested that it might have a positive role in preparing the body for metabolic stress, for example, by inducing a protective adipose tissue adaptation to the excess of nutrients supplied by a high-fat diet. In this line, its endothelial overexpression can delay lipid accumulation and insulin resistance development in obese transgenic mice by inducing the secretion of IL-6 followed by the expression of thermogenic and lipolytic genes. However, as NOX5 gene is not present in rodents and human NOX5 protein has not been crystallized, its function is still poorly characterized and further extensive research is required.
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14
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Miyano K, Kajikawa M. Ca 2+ -binding-region-dependent cell surface localization of NADPH oxidase Nox5. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:702-713. [PMID: 36653838 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Six gene splice variants of superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase 5 (Nox5) have been identified in humans, and they differ in the sequence of their N-terminal cytoplasmic domains, which comprise four EF-hand motifs. Here, we demonstrated that the Ca2+ -dependent association and dissociation between the N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic domains of the Nox5β variant are affected by the alanine substitution of the conserved Ile-113 or Leu-115 at the connecting loop between the third and fourth EF-hand motifs. These substitutions impair the cell surface localization of Nox5β. In addition, the Nox5ε/S variant, lacking all EF-hand motifs, does not localize to the plasma membrane. Thus, the Ca2+ -sensitive intramolecular interaction determines the Nox5 subcellular localization, that is, whether Nox5 variants generate superoxide in the extracellular or intracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyano
- Department of Natural Sciences, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mizuho Kajikawa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Liu R, Juncos LA, Lu Y, Wei J, Zhang J, Wang L, Lai EY, Carlstrom M, Persson AEG. The Role of Macula Densa Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 Beta Splice Variant in Modulating Tubuloglomerular Feedback. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4215-4229. [PMID: 36715280 PMCID: PMC9990375 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in renal electrolyte and water excretion may result in inappropriate salt and water retention, which facilitates the development and maintenance of hypertension, as well as acid-base and electrolyte disorders. A key mechanism by which the kidney regulates renal hemodynamics and electrolyte excretion is via tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), an intrarenal negative feedback between tubules and arterioles. TGF is initiated by an increase of NaCl delivery at the macula densa cells. The increased NaCl activates luminal Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) of the macula densa cells, which leads to activation of several intracellular processes followed by the production of paracrine signals that ultimately result in a constriction of the afferent arteriole and a tonic inhibition of single nephron glomerular filtration rate. Neuronal nitric oxide (NOS1) is highly expressed in the macula densa. NOS1β is the major splice variant and accounts for most of NO generation by the macula densa, which inhibits TGF response. Macula densa NOS1β-mediated modulation of TGF responses plays an essential role in control of sodium excretion, volume and electrolyte hemostasis, and blood pressure. In this article, we describe the mechanisms that regulate macula densa-derived NO and their effect on TGF response in physiologic and pathologic conditions. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4215-4229, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Luis A. Juncos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR
| | - Yan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mattias Carlstrom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Erik G Persson
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Richter SM, Massman LC, Stuehr DJ, Sweeny EA. Functional interactions between NADPH oxidase 5 and actin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1116833. [PMID: 36776559 PMCID: PMC9909703 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1116833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) is a transmembrane oxidative signaling enzyme which produces superoxide in response to intracellular calcium flux. Increasing evidence indicates that NOX5 is involved in a variety of physiological processes as well as human disease, however, details of NOX5 signaling pathways and targets of NOX5 mediated oxidative modifications remain poorly resolved. Actin dynamics have previously been shown to be modulated by oxidative modification, however, a direct connection to NOX5 expression and activity has not been fully explored. Here we show that NOX5 and actin interact in the cell, and each modulate the activity of the other. Using actin effector molecules jasplakinolide, cytochalasin D and latrunculin A, we show that changes in actin dynamics affect NOX5 superoxide production. In tandem, NOX5 oxidatively modifies actin, and shifts the ratio of filamentous to monomeric actin. Finally, we show that knockdown of NOX5 in the pancreatic cancer cell line PSN-1 impairs cell migration. Together our findings indicate an important link between actin dynamics and oxidative signaling through NOX5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Richter
- Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Lilyanna C Massman
- Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Sweeny
- Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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17
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Aitken RJ, Bromfield EG, Gibb Z. OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: The impact of oxidative stress on reproduction: a focus on gametogenesis and fertilization. Reproduction 2022; 164:F79-F94. [PMID: 35929832 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In brief Many aspects of the reproductive process are impacted by oxidative stress. This article summarizes the chemical nature of reactive oxygen species and their role in both the physiological regulation of reproductive processes and the pathophysiology of infertility. Abstract This article lays out the fundamental principles of oxidative stress. It describes the nature of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the way in which these potentially toxic metabolites interact with cells and how they impact both cellular function and genetic integrity. The mechanisms by which ROS generation is enhanced to the point that the cells' antioxidant defence mechanisms are overwhelmed are also reviewed taking examples from both the male and female reproductive system, with a focus on gametogenesis and fertilization. The important role of external factors in exacerbating oxidative stress and impairing reproductive competence is also examined in terms of their ability to disrupt the physiological redox regulation of reproductive processes. Developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to cope with oxidative stress within the reproductive system will depend on the development of a deeper understanding of the nature, source, magnitude, and location of such stress in order to fashion personalized treatments that meet a given patient's clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zamira Gibb
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Ávila C, Vinay JI, Arese M, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Antioxidant Intervention against Male Infertility: Time to Design Novel Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123058. [PMID: 36551814 PMCID: PMC9775742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a highly prevalent condition, affecting 9-20% of couples worldwide. Among the identifiable causes, the male factor stands out in about half of infertile couples, representing a growing problem. Accordingly, there has been a decline in both global fertility rates and sperm counts in recent years. Remarkably, nearly 80% of cases of male infertility (MI) have no clinically identifiable aetiology. Among the mechanisms likely plausible to account for idiopathic cases, oxidative stress (OS) has currently been increasingly recognized as a key factor in MI, through phenomena such as mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and fragmentation and finally, sperm apoptosis. In addition, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in semen are associated with worse reproductive outcomes. However, despite an increasing understanding on the role of OS in the pathophysiology of MI, therapeutic interventions based on antioxidants have not yet provided a consistent benefit for MI, and there is currently no clear consensus on the optimal antioxidant constituents or regimen. Therefore, there is currently no applicable antioxidant treatment against this problem. This review presents an approach aimed at designing an antioxidant strategy based on the particular biological properties of sperm and their relationships with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Ávila
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - José Ignacio Vinay
- Urology Department, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Andrology Unit, Shady Grove Fertility, Santiago 7650672, Chile
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-229-786-126
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19
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Abstract
NOX2 is the prototypical member of the NADPH oxidase NOX superfamily and produces superoxide (O2•-), a key reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is essential in innate and adaptive immunity. Mutations that lead to deficiency in NOX2 activity correlate with increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections, resulting in chronic granulomatous disease. The core of NOX2 is formed by a heterodimeric transmembrane complex composed of NOX2 (formerly gp91) and p22, but a detailed description of its structural architecture is lacking. Here, we present the structure of the human NOX2 core complex bound to a selective anti-NOX2 antibody fragment. The core complex reveals an intricate extracellular topology of NOX2, a four-transmembrane fold of the p22 subunit, and an extensive transmembrane interface which provides insights into NOX2 assembly and activation. Functional assays uncover an inhibitory activity of the 7G5 antibody mediated by internalization-dependent and internalization-independent mechanisms. Overall, our results provide insights into the NOX2 core complex architecture, disease-causing mutations, and potential avenues for selective NOX2 pharmacological modulation.
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20
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NADPH Oxidases in Aortic Aneurysms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091830. [PMID: 36139902 PMCID: PMC9495752 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a progressive dilation of the infrarenal aorta and are characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration, smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play roles in inflammatory cell infiltration, and smooth muscle cell migration and apoptosis in AAAs. In this review, we discuss the principles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase/NOX) signaling and activation. We also discuss the effects of some of the major mediators of NOX signaling in AAAs. Separately, we also discuss the influence of genetic or pharmacologic inhibitors of NADPH oxidases on experimental pre-clinical AAAs. Experimental evidence suggests that NADPH oxidases may be a promising future therapeutic target for developing pharmacologic treatment strategies for halting AAA progression or rupture prevention in the management of clinical AAAs.
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21
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Escada-Rebelo S, Cristo MI, Ramalho-Santos J, Amaral S. Mitochondria-Targeted Compounds to Assess and Improve Human Sperm Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:451-480. [PMID: 34847742 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Currently 10%-15% of couples in reproductive age face infertility issues. More importantly, male factor contributes to 50% of these cases (either alone or in combination with female causes). Among various reasons, impaired sperm function is the main cause for male infertility. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, particularly of mitochondrial origin, are believed to be the main contributors. Recent Advances: Mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly due to increased ROS production, has often been linked to impaired sperm function/quality. For decades, different methods and approaches have been developed to assess mitochondrial features that might correlate with sperm functionality. This connection is now completely accepted, with mitochondrial functionality assessment used more commonly as a readout of sperm functionality. More recently, mitochondria-targeted compounds are on the frontline for both assessment and therapeutic approaches. Critical Issues: In this review, we summarize the current methods for assessing key mitochondrial parameters known to reflect sperm quality as well as therapeutic strategies using mitochondria-targeted antioxidants aiming to improve sperm function in various situations, particularly after sperm cryopreservation. Future Directions: Although more systematic research is needed, mitochondria-targeted compounds definitely represent a promising tool to assess as well as to protect and improve sperm function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 451-480.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Escada-Rebelo
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Casa Costa Alemão, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Cristo
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Amaral
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IIIUC - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Casa Costa Alemão, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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22
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Darbandi S, Darbandi M, Khorram Khorshid HR, Sengupta P. Electrophysiology of Human Gametes: A Systematic Review. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:442-455. [PMID: 35021309 PMCID: PMC9253800 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oocytes and spermatozoa are electrogenic cells with the ability to respond to electrical stimuli and modulate their electrical properties accordingly. Determination of the ionic events during the gamete maturation helps to design suitable culture media for gametes in assisted reproductive technology (ART). The present systematic review focuses on the electrophysiology of human gametes during different stages of maturation and also during fertilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS The reports published in the English language between January 2000 and July 2021 were extracted from various electronic scientific databases following the PRISMA checklist using specific MeSH keywords. RESULTS Subsequent to the screening process with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 articles have been included in this review. Among them, 11 articles were directly related to the electrophysiology of human oocytes and 49 physiology department to the electrophysiology of human spermatozoa. CONCLUSIONS Gametes generate electrical currents by ionic exchange, particularly Na+, K+, Cl-, H+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Se2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, and Ca2+ through specific ion channels in different stages of gamete maturation. The ionic concentrations, pH, and other physicochemical variables are modulated during the gametogenesis, maturation, activation, and the fertilization process following gamete function and metabolism. The electrical properties of human gametes change during different stages of maturation. Although it is demonstrated that the electrical properties are significant regulators of cell signaling and are fundamental to gamete maturation and fertilization, their exact roles in these processes are still poorly understood. Further research is required to unveil the intricate electrophysiological processes of human gamete maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid
- Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
- Personalized Medicine and Genometabolomics Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Biosciences and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Medical Sciences, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, India.
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23
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Lee SH, Won GW, Choi SH, Kim MY, Oh CH, Park JT, Park JI. Antiaging effect of inotodiol on oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblasts. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113311. [PMID: 35759867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage is one of the major causes of human skin aging. Inotodiol is a lanostane triterpenoid that demonstrates antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies have reported that inotodiol also has antiallergic effects. However, whether inotodiol inhibits oxidative stress-induced human skin aging is not known. Stimulation of human dermal fibroblast cells with hydrogen peroxide is related to skin aging. Inotodiol inhibited the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NADPH Oxidase 5 (NOX5). Moreover, inotodiol effectively decreased nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), as well as nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Based on our results, inotodiol protects human dermal fibroblast by preventing MAPK-NOX5 and NF-κB activation and attenuates the expression of aging genes. Inotodiol may therefore be considered a potential candidate for developing natural antiaging products, because it protects the human skin from oxidative stress-induced skin aging by inhibiting the MAPK-NOX5 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Woo Won
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong-Hae Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; CARBOEXPERT Inc., Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Il Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea; Translational Immunology Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Hosohata K, Harnsirikarn T, Chokesuwattanaskul S. Ferroptosis: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126583. [PMID: 35743026 PMCID: PMC9223765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently recognized form of nonapoptotic cell death that is triggered by reactive oxidative species (ROS) due to iron overload, lipid peroxidation accumulation, or the inhibition of phospholipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Recent studies have reported that ferroptosis plays a vital role in the pathophysiological process of multiple systems such as the nervous, renal, and pulmonary systems. In particular, the kidney has higher rates of O2 consumption in its mitochondria than other organs; therefore, it is susceptible to imbalances between ROS and antioxidants. In ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which is damage caused by the restoring blood flow to ischemic tissues, the release of ROS and reactive nitrogen species is accelerated and contributes to subsequent inflammation and cell death, such as ferroptosis, as well as apoptosis and necrosis being induced. At the same time, I/R injury is one of the major causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), causing significant morbidity and mortality. This review highlights the current knowledge on the involvement of ferroptosis in AKI via oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Hosohata
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-690-1271
| | - Tanisorn Harnsirikarn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Royal Thai Air Force, Bangkok 10220, Thailand;
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Keshtgar S, Ghani E. Impact of calcium and reactive oxygen species on human sperm function: Role of NOX5. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14470. [PMID: 35679508 DOI: 10.1111/and.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NOX5 is introduced as a new therapeutic target for infertility treatment. This study aimed to compare the basal and stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and sperm function in human teratozoospermic (n = 15) and normozoospermic (n = 17) semen samples following calcium overload and NOX5 activation. Washed spermatozoa incubated for 1 h under five various conditions: control group, adding a calcium ionophore A23187, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), A23187 + PMA, and diphenylene iodonium (DPI) + A23187 + PMA. ROS generation was measured immediately after treatment for 30 min. Motility, viability, acrosome reaction, and apoptosis were evaluated after 1-h incubation. ROS production significantly increased when A23187 or PMA was added to the sperm medium. DPI had suppressive effects on ROS generation. Progressive and total motility significantly decreased following calcium elevation and NOX5 activation, which was somewhat returned by DPI. Necrotic and live cells in teratozoospermia was, respectively, higher and lower than normozoospermia samples. Incubation with A23187 significantly increased the percentage of early and late apoptosis. Teratozoosperm are more vulnerable than normal spermatozoa, and produce more basal and stimulated ROS. It seems that calcium overload induces apoptosis in spermatozoa and loss of viability through MPT pore opening and increased intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Keshtgar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Ghani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Kimura S, Kaya H, Hashimoto K, Wrzaczek M, Kuchitsu K. Quantitative Analysis for ROS-Producing Activity and Regulation of Plant NADPH Oxidases in HEK293T Cells. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2526:107-122. [PMID: 35657515 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2469-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by plant NADPH oxidases, respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs), play key roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses and development in plants. While properly controlled amounts of ROS function as signaling molecules, excessive accumulation of ROS can cause undesirable side effects due to their ability to oxidize DNA, lipids, and proteins. To limit the damaging consequences of unrestricted ROS accumulation, RBOH activity is tightly controlled by post-translational modifications (PTMs) and protein-protein interactions. In order to analyze these elaborate regulatory mechanisms, it is crucial to quantitatively assess the ROS-producing activity of RBOHs. Given the high endogenous ROS generation in plants, however, it can be challenging in plant cells to measure ROS production derived from specific RBOHs and to analyze the contribution of regulatory events for their activation and inactivation. Here we describe human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells as a heterologous expression system and a useful tool to quantitatively monitor ROS production by RBOHs. This system permits the reconstitution of regulatory events to dissect the effects of Ca2+, phosphorylation, and protein-protein interactions on RBOH-dependent ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Kimura
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Hidetaka Kaya
- Department of Food Production Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michael Wrzaczek
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
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Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation in FSIP2 Causes Multiple Morphological Abnormalities of the Sperm Flagella (MMAF) and Male Infertility. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:2697-2702. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kumar A, Kumar Ghosh S, Katiyar R, Gemeda AE, Rautela R, Bisla A, Srivastava N, Kumar Bhure S, Devi HL, Chandra V. Supplementation of Mito TEMPO and acetovanillone in semen extender improves freezability of buffalo spermatozoa. Andrology 2022; 10:775-788. [PMID: 35060362 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is one of the leading factors responsible for poor post-thaw semen quality because of overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) over neutralizing antioxidants present in semen. Mainly two ROS generation sites are present in spermatozoa, that is, mitochondria and plasma membrane. Therefore, the idea of targeting these specific sites for minimization of ROS production with the compounds having known mechanism of actions was built up as a core for this research. OBJECTIVE Present study was done to investigate the effects of Mito TEMPO and acetovanillone individually and in combination on freezability of buffalo spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the experiment, semen extender was supplemented with Mito TEMPO (50 μM), acetovanillone (50 μM), and a combination of Mito TEMPO + acetovanillone (50 μM+ 50 μM), designated as Group II, Group III, and Group IV, respectively. Control group without any supplementation was designated as Group I. A total of 24 ejaculates with individual progressive motility (IPM) of ≥70% were selected for the study. After final dilution, filling-sealing of straws, equilibration, and freezing were done as per the standard procedure. Semen samples were evaluated for IPM, plasma membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and cholesterol to phospholipids (C/P) ratio at both fresh and post-thaw stages. Evaluation of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), capacitation status (CTC assay), and in vitro fertility potential were conducted only on frozen-thawed samples. RESULTS The addition of Mito TEMPO (50 μM) and acetovanillone (50 μM) individually and in combination significantly (p < 0.05) improved post-thaw semen quality in terms of IPM, plasma membrane integrity, TAC, cholesterol content, C/P ratio, MMP, Chlortetracycline (CTC)-Full (F) pattern, and zona binding ability of buffalo spermatozoa, while significantly (p < 0.05) reduced ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and capacitation like changes as compared to the control group. DISCUSSION As Mito TEMPO acts as an SOD mimetic and also detoxifies ferrous iron at the mitochondria level, it aids in neutralization of excessive ROS production and minimizes oxidative stress-related damages that enhances the antioxidant potential of sperm mitochondria. Earlier studies also indicated improved post-thaw semen quality in 50 μM supplemented group. The improvement observed in acetovanillone (50 μM) group might be because of inhibition of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase as this enzyme activation by various physical/chemical inducers during cryopreservation process leads to activation of CatSper channel resulting in calcium influx, premature capacitation, and acrosomal reaction like changes through activation of adenylate cyclase and cAMP/PKA-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of sperm proteins. Acetovanillone also prevents NADPH oxidase-mediated inhibition of glutathione reductase activity, which has a vital role in protecting the structural and functional integrity of sperm plasma membrane. CONCLUSION Results indicated beneficial effects of supplementation of Mito TEMPO and acetovanillone on sperm freezability and individual supplementation was as efficient as the combination group for sustaining post-thaw semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Ghosh
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rahul Katiyar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Amare Eshetu Gemeda
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rupali Rautela
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Amarjeet Bisla
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Neeraj Srivastava
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Bhure
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Huidrom Lakshmi Devi
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Gan J, Gu T, Hong L, Cai G. Ferroptosis-related genes involved in animal reproduction: An Overview. Theriogenology 2022; 184:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aitken RJ. Role of sperm DNA damage in creating de novo mutations in human offspring: the ‘post-meiotic oocyte collusion’ hypothesis. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 45:109-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Aitken RJ, Drevet JR, Moazamian A, Gharagozloo P. Male Infertility and Oxidative Stress: A Focus on the Underlying Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020306. [PMID: 35204189 PMCID: PMC8868102 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in defining the functional competence of human spermatozoa. When generated in moderate amounts, ROS promote sperm capacitation by facilitating cholesterol efflux from the plasma membrane, enhancing cAMP generation, inducing cytoplasmic alkalinization, increasing intracellular calcium levels, and stimulating the protein phosphorylation events that drive the attainment of a capacitated state. However, when ROS generation is excessive and/or the antioxidant defences of the reproductive system are compromised, a state of oxidative stress may be induced that disrupts the fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa and the structural integrity of their DNA. This article focusses on the sources of ROS within this system and examines the circumstances under which the adequacy of antioxidant protection might become a limiting factor. Seminal leukocyte contamination can contribute to oxidative stress in the ejaculate while, in the germ line, the dysregulation of electron transport in the sperm mitochondria, elevated NADPH oxidase activity, or the excessive stimulation of amino acid oxidase action are all potential contributors to oxidative stress. A knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for creating such stress within the human ejaculate is essential in order to develop better antioxidant strategies that avoid the unintentional creation of its reductive counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-4921-6851
| | - Joël R. Drevet
- GReD Institute, INSERM U1103-CNRS UMR6293—Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculty of Medicine, CRBC Building, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.R.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Aron Moazamian
- GReD Institute, INSERM U1103-CNRS UMR6293—Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculty of Medicine, CRBC Building, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (J.R.D.); (A.M.)
- CellOxess LLC, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA;
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Juárez-Rojas L, Casillas F, López A, Betancourt M, Ommati MM, Retana-Márquez S. Physiological role of reactive oxygen species in testis and epididymal spermatozoa. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14367. [PMID: 35034376 DOI: 10.1111/and.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in various aspects of male reproductive function, for spermatozoa to acquire the ability to fertilize. However, the increase in ROS generation, both due to internal and external factors, can induce oxidative stress, causing alterations in the structure and function of phospholipids and proteins. In the nucleus, ROS attack DNA, causing its fragmentation and activation of apoptosis, thus altering gene and protein expression. Accumulating evidence also reveals that endogenously produced ROS can act as second messengers in regulating cell signalling pathways and in the transduction of signals that are responsible for regulating spermatogonia self-renewal and proliferation. In the epididymis, they actively participate in the formation of disulphide bridges required for the final condensation of chromatin, as well as in the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins contained in the fibrous sheath of the flagellum, stimulating the activation of progressive motility in epididymal spermatozoa. In this review, the role of small amounts of ROS during spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm maturation was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Juárez-Rojas
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fahiel Casillas
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma López
- Department of Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Betancourt
- Department of Health Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Socorro Retana-Márquez
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
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Billah MM, Khatiwada S, Lecomte V, Morris MJ, Maloney CA. Ameliorating high-fat diet-induced sperm and testicular oxidative damage by micronutrient-based antioxidant intervention in rats. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3741-3753. [PMID: 35708759 PMCID: PMC9464124 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging evidence from rodent studies suggests that high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity is characterized by increased oxidative damage in sperm and testis. However, interventions using micronutrient supplementation to mitigate oxidative damage in obesity have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an antioxidant-based micronutrient supplement (added folate, vitamin B6, choline, betaine, and zinc) on sperm and testicular oxidative damage in HFD-fed male Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS Rats (3-weeks-old, 12/group) were weaned onto control (C) or HFD (H) or these diets with micronutrient supplement (CS; HS); sperm and testis were harvested at 30.5 weeks. To assess oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in testis, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), folate and susceptibility index (SI) of pro-oxidative damage, mRNA expression of Nrf2, NFκB-p65, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, in addition to superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured. 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were assessed in both sperm and testis. RESULTS HFD-fed rats had significantly increased 8-OHdG content in sperm and testis, increased testicular SI, decreased testicular weight, SOD and GPx activity compared to control. Strikingly, supplementation of HFD appeared to significantly reduce 8-OHdG in sperm and testis (22% and 24.3%, respectively), reduce testicular SI and MDA content (28% and 40%, respectively), increase testicular weight (24%), SOD and GPX activity (30% and 70%, respectively) and GSH content (19%). Moreover, supplementation had significant impact to increase testicular folate content regardless of diet. Furthermore, an overall effect of supplementation to increase testicular mRNA expression of Nrf2 was observed across groups. Interestingly, testicular SI was positively correlated with sperm and testicular 8-OHdG and MDA content, suggesting a critical role of testicular antioxidant activity to combat oxidative damage in sperm and testis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that antioxidant-based micronutrient supplement has the potential to interrupt HFD-induced sperm and testicular oxidative damage by improving testicular antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saroj Khatiwada
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Virginie Lecomte
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Endothelial NOX5 Expression Modulates Thermogenesis and Lipolysis in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through an Interleukin-6 Dependent Mechanism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010030. [PMID: 35052534 PMCID: PMC8772862 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health issue associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, which correlates with insulin resistance, altered lipid homeostasis, and other pathologies. One of the mechanisms involved in the development of these pathologies is the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the main producers of ROS is the family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, among which NOX5 is the most recently discovered member. The aim of the present work is to describe the effect of endothelial NOX5 expression on neighboring adipose tissue in obesity conditions by using two systems. An in vivo model based on NOX5 conditional knock-in mice fed with a high-fat diet and an in vitro model developed with 3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured with conditioned media of endothelial NOX5-expressing bEnd.3 cells, previously treated with glucose and palmitic acid. Endothelial NOX5 expression promoted the expression and activation of specific markers of thermogenesis and lipolysis in the mesenteric and epididymal fat of those mice fed with a high-fat diet. Additionally, the activation of these processes was derived from an increase in IL-6 production as a result of NOX5 activity. Accordingly, 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with conditioned media of endothelial NOX5-expressing cells, presented higher expression of thermogenic and lipolytic genes. Moreover, endothelial NOX5-expressing bEnd.3 cells previously treated with glucose and palmitic acid also showed interleukin (IL-6) production. Finally, it seems that the increase in IL-6 stimulated the activation of markers of thermogenesis and lipolysis through phosphorylation of STAT3 and AMPK, respectively. In conclusion, in response to obesogenic conditions, endothelial NOX5 activity could promote thermogenesis and lipolysis in the adipose tissue by regulating IL-6 production.
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Hurst M, McGarry DJ, Olson MF. Rho GTPases: Non-canonical regulation by cysteine oxidation. Bioessays 2021; 44:e2100152. [PMID: 34889471 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPases are critically important and are centrally positioned regulators of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. By influencing the organization and architecture of the cytoskeleton, Rho proteins play prominent roles in many cellular processes including adhesion, migration, intra-cellular transportation, and proliferation. The most important method of Rho GTPase regulation is via the GTPase cycle; however, post-translational modifications (PTMs) also play critical roles in Rho protein regulation. Relative to other PTMs such as lipidation or phosphorylation that have been extensively characterized, protein oxidation is a regulatory PTM that has been poorly studied. Protein oxidation primarily occurs from the reaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), with amino acid side chain thiols on cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) residues. The versatile redox modifications of cysteine residues exemplify their integral role in cell signalling processes. Here we review prominent members of the Rho GTPase family and discuss how lipidation, phosphorylation, and oxidation on conserved cysteine residues affects their regulation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Hurst
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J McGarry
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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36
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Reactive Oxygen Species in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Reducing Radicals to Refine Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101616. [PMID: 34679751 PMCID: PMC8533157 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common cancer diagnosed in children and adolescents. Approximately 70% of patients survive >5-years following diagnosis, however, for those that fail upfront therapies, survival is poor. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated in a range of cancers and are emerging as significant contributors to the leukaemogenesis of ALL. ROS modulate the function of signalling proteins through oxidation of cysteine residues, as well as promote genomic instability by damaging DNA, to promote chemotherapy resistance. Current therapeutic approaches exploit the pro-oxidant intracellular environment of malignant B and T lymphoblasts to cause irreversible DNA damage and cell death, however these strategies impact normal haematopoiesis and lead to long lasting side-effects. Therapies suppressing ROS production, especially those targeting ROS producing enzymes such as the NADPH oxidases (NOXs), are emerging alternatives to treat cancers and may be exploited to improve the ALL treatment. Here, we discuss the roles that ROS play in normal haematopoiesis and in ALL. We explore the molecular mechanisms underpinning overproduction of ROS in ALL, and their roles in disease progression and drug resistance. Finally, we examine strategies to target ROS production, with a specific focus on the NOX enzymes, to improve the treatment of ALL.
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Taylor JP, Tse HM. The role of NADPH oxidases in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102159. [PMID: 34627721 PMCID: PMC8487856 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) are enzymes that generate superoxide or hydrogen peroxide from molecular oxygen utilizing NADPH as an electron donor. There are seven enzymes in the NOX family: NOX1-5 and dual oxidase (DUOX) 1-2. NOX enzymes in humans play important roles in diverse biological functions and vary in expression from tissue to tissue. Importantly, NOX2 is involved in regulating many aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, including regulation of type I interferons, the inflammasome, phagocytosis, antigen processing and presentation, and cell signaling. DUOX1 and DUOX2 play important roles in innate immune defenses at epithelial barriers. This review discusses the role of NOX enzymes in normal physiological processes as well as in disease. NOX enzymes are important in autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and have also been implicated in acute lung injury caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Targeting NOX enzymes directly or through scavenging free radicals may be useful therapies for autoimmunity and acute lung injury where oxidative stress contributes to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared P Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Herranz-Itúrbide M, Peñuelas-Haro I, Espinosa-Sotelo R, Bertran E, Fabregat I. The TGF-β/NADPH Oxidases Axis in the Regulation of Liver Cell Biology in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092312. [PMID: 34571961 PMCID: PMC8470857 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway plays essential roles in liver development and homeostasis and become a relevant factor involved in different liver pathologies, particularly fibrosis and cancer. The family of NADPH oxidases (NOXs) has emerged in recent years as targets of the TGF-β pathway mediating many of its effects on hepatocytes, stellate cells and macrophages. This review focuses on how the axis TGF-β/NOXs may regulate the biology of different liver cells and how this influences physiological situations, such as liver regeneration, and pathological circumstances, such as liver fibrosis and cancer. Finally, we discuss whether NOX inhibitors may be considered as potential therapeutic tools in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Herranz-Itúrbide
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Peñuelas-Haro
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rut Espinosa-Sotelo
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Bertran
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.H.-I.); (I.P.-H.); (R.E.-S.); (E.B.)
- Oncology Program, CIBEREHD, National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932-607-828
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Sweeny EA, Hunt AP, Batka AE, Schlanger S, Lehnert N, Stuehr DJ. Nitric oxide and heme-NO stimulate superoxide production by NADPH oxidase 5. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:252-263. [PMID: 34139309 PMCID: PMC8355125 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous cell signaling molecule which mediates widespread and diverse processes in the cell. These NO dependent effects often involve activation (e.g. NO binding to the heme group of soluble guanylyl cyclase for cGMP production) or inactivation (e.g. S-nitrosation) of protein targets. We studied the effect of NO and heme-NO on the transmembrane signaling enzyme NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5), a heme protein which produces superoxide in response to increases in intracellular calcium. We found that treatment with NO donors increases NOX5 activity through heme-dependent effects, and that this effect could be recapitulated by the addition of heme-NO. This work adds to our understanding of NOX5 regulation in the cell but also provides a framework for understanding how NO could cause widespread changes in hemeprotein activity based on different affinities for heme v. heme-NO, and helps explain the opposing roles NO plays in activation and inactivation of hemeprotein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Sweeny
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrew P Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Allison E Batka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Simon Schlanger
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Takaishi K, Kinoshita H, Kawashima S, Kawahito S. Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Function and Oxidative Stress Induced by NADPH Oxidase with the Clinical Implications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081947. [PMID: 34440716 PMCID: PMC8393371 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Among reactive oxygen species, superoxide mediates the critical vascular redox signaling, resulting in the regulation of the human cardiovascular system. The reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase, NOX) is the source of superoxide and relates to the crucial intracellular pathology and physiology of vascular smooth muscle cells, including contraction, proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Human vascular smooth muscle cells express NOX1, 2, 4, and 5 in physiological and pathological conditions, and those enzymes play roles in most cardiovascular disorders caused by hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, and arteriosclerosis. Various physiologically active substances, including angiotensin II, stimulate NOX via the cytosolic subunits’ translocation toward the vascular smooth muscle cell membrane. As we have shown, some pathological stimuli such as high glucose augment the enzymatic activity mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway, resulting in the membrane translocation of cytosolic subunits of NOXs. This review highlights and details the roles of human vascular smooth muscle NOXs in the pathophysiology and clinical aspects. The regulation of the enzyme expressed in the vascular smooth muscle cells may lead to the prevention and treatment of human cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Takaishi
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (K.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Hamamatsu University, 1-20-1, Handayama, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-53-436-1251
| | - Shingo Kawashima
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Hamamatsu University, 1-20-1, Handayama, Hamamatsu City 431-3192, Japan;
| | - Shinji Kawahito
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (K.T.); (S.K.)
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41
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Tian R, Abarientos A, Hong J, Hashemi SH, Yan R, Dräger N, Leng K, Nalls MA, Singleton AB, Xu K, Faghri F, Kampmann M. Genome-wide CRISPRi/a screens in human neurons link lysosomal failure to ferroptosis. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1020-1034. [PMID: 34031600 PMCID: PMC8254803 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics provide a systematic map of gene expression in different human cell types. The next challenge is to systematically understand cell-type-specific gene function. The integration of CRISPR-based functional genomics and stem cell technology enables the scalable interrogation of gene function in differentiated human cells. Here we present the first genome-wide CRISPR interference and CRISPR activation screens in human neurons. We uncover pathways controlling neuronal response to chronic oxidative stress, which is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Unexpectedly, knockdown of the lysosomal protein prosaposin strongly sensitizes neurons, but not other cell types, to oxidative stress by triggering the formation of lipofuscin, a hallmark of aging, which traps iron, generating reactive oxygen species and triggering ferroptosis. We also determine transcriptomic changes in neurons after perturbation of genes linked to neurodegenerative diseases. To enable the systematic comparison of gene function across different human cell types, we establish a data commons named CRISPRbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Tian
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Anthony Abarientos
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason Hong
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sayed Hadi Hashemi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nina Dräger
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kun Leng
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Faraz Faghri
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Mahiddine FY, Kim MJ. Overview on the Antioxidants, Egg Yolk Alternatives, and Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Derivatives Used in Canine Sperm Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1930. [PMID: 34203537 PMCID: PMC8300182 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is a widely used assisted reproductive technology for canine species. The long-term storage of dog sperm is effective for the breeding of dogs living far apart, scheduling the time of artificial insemination that suits the female, and preventing diseases of the reproductive tract. However, spermatozoa functions are impaired during the freeze-thaw processes, which may decrease reproductive performance. Numerous attempts have been made to restore such impairments, including the use of cryoprotectants to prevent the damage caused by ice crystal formation, and supplementation of antioxidants to reduce reactive oxygen species generation due to osmotic stress during the procedure. Egg yolk derivatives, antioxidants, and, more recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives have been proposed in this research field. This review article will summarize the current literature available on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Mjbiogen Corp., Gwangnaru-ro 144, Seoul 14788, Korea;
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Vermot A, Petit-Härtlein I, Smith SME, Fieschi F. NADPH Oxidases (NOX): An Overview from Discovery, Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology and Pathology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:890. [PMID: 34205998 PMCID: PMC8228183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in immune defense, where its ROS production leads to the destruction of pathogens by the immune cells. NOX from phagocytes catalyzes, via one-electron trans-membrane transfer to molecular oxygen, the production of the superoxide anion. Over the years, six human homologs of the catalytic subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the NOX2/gp91phox component present in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase assembly itself, the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. NOX are complex multidomain proteins with varying requirements for assembly with combinations of other proteins for activity. The recent structural insights acquired on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic NOX open new perspectives for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms inherent to NOX regulation and ROS production (superoxide or hydrogen peroxide). This new structural information will certainly inform new investigations of human disease. As specialized ROS producers, NOX enzymes participate in numerous crucial physiological processes, including host defense, the post-translational processing of proteins, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. These diversities of physiological context will be discussed in this review. We also discuss NOX misregulation, which can contribute to a wide range of severe pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, lung fibrosis, cancer, or neurodegenerative diseases, giving this family of membrane proteins a strong therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Vermot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Isabelle Petit-Härtlein
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Susan M. E. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA;
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
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Sharma S, Advani D, Das A, Malhotra N, Khosla A, Arora V, Jha A, Yadav M, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Pharmacological intervention in oxidative stress as a therapeutic target in neurological disorders. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:461-484. [PMID: 34050648 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is a major cellular burden that triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants that modulate signalling mechanisms. Byproducts generated from this process govern the brain pathology and functions in various neurological diseases. As oxidative stress remains the key therapeutic target in neurological disease, it is necessary to explore the multiple routes that can significantly repair the damage caused due to ROS and consequently, neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is the critical player of oxidative stress that can also be used as a therapeutic target to combat NDDs. KEY FINDINGS Several antioxidants signalling pathways are found to be associated with oxidative stress and show a protective effect against stressors by increasing the release of various cytoprotective enzymes and also exert anti-inflammatory response against this oxidative damage. These pathways along with antioxidants and reactive species can be the defined targets to eliminate or reduce the harmful effects of neurological diseases. SUMMARY Herein, we discussed the underlying mechanism and crucial role of antioxidants in therapeutics together with natural compounds as a pharmacological tool to combat the cellular deformities cascades caused due to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sharma
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Nishtha Malhotra
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Khosla
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Vanshika Arora
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Jha
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Megha Yadav
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
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Sarkar S. Mechanism of Gene-Environment Interactions Driving Glial Activation in Parkinson's Diseases. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:203-211. [PMID: 34043217 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent motor disorder and is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of the brain. Though the pathology of PD is well established, the cause of this neuronal loss is not well understood. Approximately 90% of PD cases are sporadic, and the environment plays a significant role in disease pathogenesis. The etiology of PD is highly complex, with neuroinflammation being one of the most critical factors implicated in PD. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation and its interaction with environmental factors are unclear. RECENT FINDINGS Astroglia and microglia are the two principal cells that play an essential role in maintaining neuronal health in many ways, including through immunological means. Exposure to environmental stressors from various sources affects these glial cells leading to chronic and sustained inflammation. Recent epidemiological studies have identified an interaction among environmental factors and glial genes in Parkinson's disease. Mechanistic studies have shown that exposure to pesticides like rotenone and paraquat, neurotoxic metals like manganese and lead, and even diesel exhaust fumes induce glial activation by regulating various key inflammatory pathways, including the inflammasomes, NOX pathways, and others. This review aims to discuss the recent advances in understanding the mechanism of glial induction in response to environmental stressors and discuss the potential role of gene-environment interaction in driving glial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvarish Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Miguel-Jiménez S, Pina-Beltrán B, Gimeno-Martos S, Carvajal-Serna M, Casao A, Pérez-Pe R. NADPH Oxidase 5 and Melatonin: Involvement in Ram Sperm Capacitation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:655794. [PMID: 34026754 PMCID: PMC8138477 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.655794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in mammalian sperm capacitation. NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) has been described as the main source of ROS production in some mammalian spermatozoa, such as human and equine. On the other hand, melatonin can decrease cellular ROS levels and regulates NOX activity in somatic cells. Therefore, the objectives of this work were (1) to identify NOX5 in ram spermatozoa and analyze its possible changes during in vitro capacitation and (2) to investigate the effect of melatonin on NOX5 expression and localization and on superoxide levels in capacitated ram spermatozoa. Protein bands associated with NOX5 were detected by Western blot analysis. Likewise, indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) revealed six different immunotypes for NOX5, which varied throughout in vitro capacitation. Superoxide (O2⋅–), evaluated by DHE/Yo-Pro-1, rose after in vitro capacitation and in the presence of the calcium ionophore A23187 but decreased in the presence of the NOX inhibitor GKT136901. GKT also reduced the percentage of capacitated and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa that had increased during incubation in capacitating conditions. The presence of melatonin at micromolar concentrations avoided the increment in O2⋅– and the changes in NOX5 immunotypes provoked by capacitation. In conclusion, NOX5 is present in ram spermatozoa and the changes in its distribution, associated with sperm capacitation, can be prevented by melatonin. To this extent, it could imply that melatonin exerts its antioxidant role, at least in part, by modulating NOX5 activity during ram sperm capacitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Miguel-Jiménez
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Blanca Pina-Beltrán
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Gimeno-Martos
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Melissa Carvajal-Serna
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adriana Casao
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosaura Pérez-Pe
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Moshfegh CM, Case AJ. The Redox-Metabolic Couple of T Lymphocytes: Potential Consequences for Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:915-935. [PMID: 32237890 PMCID: PMC8035925 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: T lymphocytes, as part of the adaptive immune system, possess the ability to activate and function in extreme cellular microenvironments, which requires these cells to remain highly malleable. One mechanism in which T lymphocytes achieve this adaptability is by responding to cues from both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as metabolic flux, which together fine-tune the functional fate of these adaptive immune cells. Recent Advances: To date, examinations of the redox and metabolic effects on T lymphocytes have primarily investigated these biological processes as separate entities. Given that the redox and metabolic environments possess significant overlaps of pathways and molecular species, it is inevitable that perturbations in one environment affect the other. Recent consideration of this redox-metabolic couple has demonstrated the strong link and regulatory consequences of these two systems in T lymphocytes. Critical Issues: The redox and metabolic control of T lymphocytes is essential to prevent dysregulated inflammation, which has been observed in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. The role of the adaptive immune system in hypertension has been extensively investigated, but the understanding of how the redox and metabolic environments control T lymphocytes in this disease remains unclear. Future Directions: Herein, we provide a discussion of the redox and metabolic control of T lymphocytes as separate entities, as well as coupled to one another, to regulate adaptive immunity. While investigations examining this pair together in T lymphocytes are sparse, we speculate that T lymphocyte destiny is shaped by the redox-metabolic couple. In contrast, disrupting this duo may have inflammatory consequences such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M. Moshfegh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Adam J. Case
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Abstract
A link between oxidative stress and hypertension has been firmly established in multiple animal models of hypertension but remains elusive in humans. While initial studies focused on inactivation of nitric oxide by superoxide, our understanding of relevant reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite) and how they modify complex signaling pathways to promote hypertension has expanded significantly. In this review, we summarize recent advances in delineating the primary and secondary sources of reactive oxygen species (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria), the posttranslational oxidative modifications they induce on protein targets important for redox signaling, their interplay with endogenous antioxidant systems, and the role of inflammasome activation and endoplasmic reticular stress in the development of hypertension. We highlight how oxidative stress in different organ systems contributes to hypertension, describe new animal models that have clarified the importance of specific proteins, and discuss clinical studies that shed light on how these processes and pathways are altered in human hypertension. Finally, we focus on the promise of redox proteomics and systems biology to help us fully understand the relationship between ROS and hypertension and their potential for designing and evaluating novel antihypertensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy K Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Livia L Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Francisco Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Rhéure Alves-Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow
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Marino A, Hausenloy DJ, Andreadou I, Horman S, Bertrand L, Beauloye C. AMP-activated protein kinase: A remarkable contributor to preserve a healthy heart against ROS injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:238-254. [PMID: 33675956 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Left ventricle remodeling, fibrosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injury all contribute to the deterioration of cardiac function and predispose to the onset of heart failure. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the universally recognized energy sensor which responds to low ATP levels and restores cellular metabolism. AMPK activation controls numerous cellular processes and, in the heart, it plays a pivotal role in preventing onset and progression of disease. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, known as oxidative stress, can activate AMPK, conferring an additional role of AMPK as a redox-sensor. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the crosstalk between ROS and AMPK. We describe the molecular mechanisms by which ROS activate AMPK and how AMPK signaling can further prevent heart failure progression. Ultimately, we review the potential therapeutic approaches to target AMPK for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and prevention of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Marino
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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Wang J, Xiao J, Meng X, Chu X, Zhuansun DD, Xiong B, Feng J. NOX5 is expressed aberrantly but not a critical pathogenetic gene in Hirschsprung disease. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:153. [PMID: 33784990 PMCID: PMC8008622 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder characterized by the absence of intramural ganglion cells in the distal gastrointestinal tract (GI), which results in tonic contraction of the aganglionic gut segment and functional intestinal obstruction. Recent studies have suggested NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) as a candidate risk gene for HSCR. In this study, we examined the function of NOX5 to verify its role in the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Methods HSCR tissue specimens (n = 10) were collected at the time of pull-through surgery and control specimens (n = 10) were obtained at the time of colostomy closure in patients. The NOX5 expression in aganglionic and ganglionic segments of HSCR colon and normal colon were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The gene expression levels and spatiotemporal expression spectrum of NOX5 in different development stages of zebrafish embryo were determined using qPCR and in-situ hybridization (ISH). The enteric nervous system in NOX5 Morpholino (MO) knockdown and wild type (WT) zebrafish embryo was analyzed by whole-mount immunofluorescence (IF). Intestinal transit assay was performed to analyze the gastrointestinal motility in NOX5 knockdown and control larvae. Results NOX5 is strongly expressed in the ganglion cells in the proximal segment of HSCR colons and all segments of normal colons. Moreover, the expression of NOX5 is markedly decreased in the aganglionic segment of HSCR colon compared to the ganglionic segment. In zebrafish, NOX5 mRNA level is the highest in the one cell stage embryos and it is decreased overtime with the development of the embryos. Interestingly, the expression of NOX5 appears to be enriched in the nervous system. However, the number of neurons in the GI tract and the GI motility were not affected upon NOX5 knockdown. Conclusions Our study shows that NOX5 markedly decreased in the aganglionic segment of HSCR but didn’t involve in the ENS development of zebrafish. It implies that absence of intestinal ganglion cells may lead to down-regulation of NOX5. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02611-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyao Meng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xufeng Chu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong road, Baofeng street, Qiaokou district, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Di Di Zhuansun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong road, Baofeng street, Qiaokou district, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jiexiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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