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Cho KH, Kim JE, Kang DJ, Dominguez-Horta MDC, Martinez-Donato G. Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Apolipoprotein A-I and CIGB-258 in Reconstituted High-Density Lipoproteins (rHDL) against Acute Toxicity of Carboxymethyllysine in Zebrafish and Its Embryo. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:165. [PMID: 38399381 PMCID: PMC10892825 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CIGB-258 is a 3 kDa altered peptide ligand from heat shock protein (HSP) 60 that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity against the acute toxicity of carboxymethyllysine (CML) with antioxidant and anti-glycation activities via protection of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). It is necessary to test a synergistic interaction between apoA-I and CIGB-258 in reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL). Several rHDLs were synthesized containing palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC), cholesterol, apoA-I, and CIGB-258 at molar ratios of 95:5:1:0, 95:5:1:0.1, 95:5:1:0.5, and 95:5:1:1 for rHDL-(1:0), rHDL-(1:0.1), rHDL-(1:0.5), and rHDL-(1:1), respectively. As the CIGB-258 content in rHDL was increased, the particle size of rHDL was 1.4-times higher than rHDL-(1:0) to rHDL-(1:1), from 60 nm to 83 nm, respectively. As the CIGB-258 content was increased, the rHDL showed the most resistance to isothermal denaturation by a urea treatment, and rHDL-(1:1) exhibited the highest structural stability and the strongest antioxidant ability against LDL oxidation. Co-treatment of rHDL-(1:0), rHDL-(1:0.5), and rHDL-(1:1) resulted in up to 10%, 24%, and 34% inhibition of HDL glycation, inhibition of HDL glycation, which was caused by the CML, with protection of apoA-I. Microinjection of each rHDL into zebrafish embryos in the presence of CML showed that a higher CIGB-258 content in rHDL was associated with higher survivability with the least inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore, an intraperitoneal injection of rHDL and CML showed that a higher CIGB-258 content in rHDL was also associated with higher survivability of zebrafish and faster recovery of swimming ability. The rHDL-(1:1) group showed the lowest triglyceride, AST, and ALT serum levels with the least production of interleukin-6, oxidized product, and neutrophil infiltration in hepatic tissue. In conclusion, CIGB-258 could bind well to phospholipids and cholesterol to stabilize apoA-I in the rHDL structure against denaturation stress and larger particle sizes. The rHDL containing CIGB-258 enhanced the in vitro antioxidant ability against LDL oxidation, the anti-glycation activity to protect HDL, and the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against CML toxicity in zebrafish adults and embryos. Overall, incorporating apoA-I and CIGB-258 in rHDL resulted in a synergistic interaction to enhance the structural and functional correlations in a dose-dependent manner of CIGB-258.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Cho
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Kang
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gillian Martinez-Donato
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave 31, e/158 y 190, Playa, La Havana 10600, Cuba
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Frankel R, Sparr E, Linse S. Retardation of Aβ42 fibril formation by apolipoprotein A-I and recombinant HDL particles. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105273. [PMID: 37739034 PMCID: PMC10616404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The double nucleation mechanism of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide aggregation is retained from buffer to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but with reduced rate of all microscopic processes. Here, we used a bottom-up approach to identify retarding factors in CSF. We investigated the Aβ42 fibril formation as a function of time in the absence and presence of apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), recombinant high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) particles, or lipid vesicles. A retardation was observed in the presence of ApoA-I or rHDL particles, most pronounced with ApoA-I, but not with lipid vesicles. Global kinetic analysis implies that rHDL interferes with secondary nucleation. The effect of ApoA-I could best be described as an interference with secondary and to a smaller extent primary nucleation. Using surface plasmon resonance and microfluidics diffusional sizing analyses, we find that both rHDL and ApoA-I interact with Aβ42 fibrils but not Aβ42 monomer, thus the effect on kinetics seems to involve interference with the catalytic surface for secondary nucleation. The Aβ42 fibrils were imaged using cryogenic-electron microscopy and found to be longer when formed in the presence of ApoA-I or rHDL, compared to formation in buffer. A retarding effect, as observed in CSF, could be replicated using a simpler system, from key components present in CSF but purified from a CSF-free host. However, the effect of CSF is stronger implying the presence of additional retarding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Frankel
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Sparr
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Linse
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Changes in the size and electrophoretic mobility of HDL subpopulation particles in chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2023; 36:115-124. [PMID: 35943666 PMCID: PMC9894991 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous group of particles with anti-atherogenic properties whose metabolism is alterated in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the particle size and mobility of HDL subpopulations in non-dialysis CKD patients. METHODS The study involved 42 non-dialysis CKD patients (stages 3a-4) and 18 control subjects. HDL was separated by non-denaturing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGGE) and eight HDL subpopulations; preβ1, preβ2a-c, and α1-4 were distinguished. The size and electrophoretic mobility of HDL subpopulation particles were compared between the groups, and a regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS In CKD patients, the mean sizes of α-HDL and preβ2-HDL particles were significantly lower compared to the control group (8.42 ± 0.32 nm vs. 8.64 ± 0.26 nm, p = 0.014; 11.45 ± 0.51 vs. 12.34 ± 0.78 nm, p = 0.003, respectively). The electrophoretic mobility of preβ2-HDL relative to α-HDL was significantly higher in CKD patients compared to the control group (Rf 0.65 ± 0.06 vs. 0.53 ± 0.10, p = 0.002). The size and mobility of HDL subpopulations correlated with eGFR values (p < 0.01). These relationships remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender, statin treatment, apolipoprotein AI, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. DISCUSSION CKD affects the size and mobility of HDL particles, which can be related to HDL dysfunction. The magnitude of HDL size and mobility changes depended on CKD stage and differed for individual HDL subpopulations, which indicates that some stages of HDL metabolism may be more affected by the presence of chronic kidney disease.
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Liu B, Chen F. Neuropeptide Y promotes hepatic apolipoprotein A1 synthesis and secretion through neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor. Peptides 2022; 154:170824. [PMID: 35660638 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), a major component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is a protective factor against cardiovascular disease (CVD). A recent epidemiological study found an association between neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene polymorphism and serum HDL levels. However, the direct effect of NPY on ApoA1 expression remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the NPY-mediated regulation of hepatic ApoA1. METHODS Serum ApoA1, total cholesterol, and HDL-c and hepatic ApoA1 levels were measured after intraperitoneal administration of NPY or an NPY Y5 receptor (NPY5R) agonist in vivo. HepG2 and BRL-3A hepatocytes were treated in vitro with NPY in the presence or absence of NPY receptor antagonists, agonists, or signal transduction pathway inhibitors. Subsequently, the protein and mRNA expression of cellular and secreted ApoA1 were determined. RESULTS NPY considerably upregulated hepatic ApoA1 expression and stimulated ApoA1 secretion, both in vivo and in vitro. NPY5R inhibition blocked NPY-induced upregulation of ApoA1 expression, and NPY5R activation stimulated ApoA1 expression and secretion in hepatocytes. Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition almost completely blocked the upregulation of ApoA1 expression and secretion induced by NPY5R. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we demonstrated that NPY5R activation promotes hepatic ApoA1 synthesis and secretion through the ERK1/2 and PKA signal transduction pathways. Thus, NPY5R may be a potential therapeutic target for treating CVD by promoting cholesterol reverse transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning, China.
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Hafiane A, Gianopoulos I, Sorci-Thomas MG, Daskalopoulou SS. Current models of apolipoprotein A-I lipidation by adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1. Curr Opin Lipidol 2022; 33:139-145. [PMID: 34581311 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The primary cardioprotective function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is to remove excess cellular free cholesterol (FC) from peripheral tissues and deliver it to the liver. Here, we summarize recent research that examines apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) lipidation models by adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and discuss its relevance in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). RECENT FINDINGS The first step in HDL formation involves the interaction between apoA-I and ABCA1, where ABCA1 mediates the removal of FC and phospholipids from lipid-laden macrophages to form discoidal nascent HDL (nHDL). However, there are currently no clear-cut systematic models that characterize HDL formation. A number of recent studies have investigated the importance of apoA-I C- and N-terminal domains required for optimal cholesterol efflux and nHDL production. Furthermore, functional ABCA1 is required for direct or indirect binding to apoA-I where ABCA1 dimer-monomer interconversion facilitates apoA-I lipidation from plasma membrane microdomains. Microparticles are also another lipid source for apoA-I solubilization into nHDL. SUMMARY ApoA-I and ABCA1 are key factors in macrophage-mediated cholesterol efflux and nHDL production. Understanding of the key steps in HDL formation may unlock the therapeutic potential of HDL and improve clinical management of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ioanna Gianopoulos
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Ma J, Bai Y, Liu M, Jiao T, Chen Y, Yuan B, Liu B, Zeng L, Ming Z, Li W, Sun R, Yang X, Yang S. Pretreatment HDL-C and ApoA1 are predictive biomarkers of progression-free survival in patients with EGFR mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with TKI. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:1126-1135. [PMID: 35274478 PMCID: PMC9013640 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to explore the correlation between blood lipids (high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and apolipoprotein A1 [ApoA1]) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation, as well as its predictive role in clinical efficacy and progression-free survial (PFS) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). METHODS We retrospectively collected information of 153 patients with advanced NSCLC harboring exon EGFR mutation and receiving EGFR-TKI. RESULTS The best cutoff value for HDL-C and ApoA1 was determined to be 1.15 and 1.14 mmol/l. The overall response rate (ORR) was 67.7% in the high HDL-C group and 46.6% in the low HDL-C group, respectively. The ORR of the high ApoA1 group showed a significant increase than that of the low ApoA1 group (68.1% vs. 38.5%). The mean ApoA1 level of the EGFR T790M mutation-positive group was significantly higher than that of the EGFR T790M mutation-negative group (1.13 g/l vs. 1.01 g/l). Patients with high ApoA1 levels were related to the EGFR T790M mutation (r = 0.324). (3) The median progression-free survival (PFS) of the high HDL-C group and low HDL-C group were 13.00 months and 10.20 months. The median PFS of the high ApoA1 group and the low ApoA1 group were 12.10 and 10.00 months, respectively. Multivariate Cox stepwise regression model analysis demonstrated ECOG PS, pathological type and HDL-C were confirmed as critical and independent predictors of PFS. CONCLUSIONS Patients with EGFR T790M mutations often show higher ApoA1 levels. Peripheral serum HDL-C and ApoA1 before treatment can be used as potential significant factors for predicting clinical efficacy and PFS in advanced NSCLC patients treated with EGFR-TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Jiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Boxuan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lizhong Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zongjuan Ming
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruiying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuanying Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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HDL Is Not Dead Yet. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010128. [PMID: 35052806 PMCID: PMC8773442 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are inversely correlated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in multiple epidemiological studies, but whether HDL is causal or merely associated with CHD is unclear. Recent trials for HDL-raising drugs were either not effective in reducing CHD events or, if beneficial in reducing CHD events, were not conclusive as the findings could be attributed to the drugs’ LDL-reducing activity. Furthermore, the first large Mendelian randomization study did not causally relate HDL-C levels to decreased CHD. Thus, the hypothesis that HDL is protective against CHD has been rightfully challenged. However, subsequent Mendelian randomization studies found HDL characteristics that are causally related to decreased CHD. Many aspects of HDL structure and function, especially in reverse cholesterol transport, may be better indicators of HDL’s protective activity than simply measuring HDL-C. Cholesterol efflux capacity is associated with lower levels of prevalent and incident CHD, even after adjustment for HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-1 levels. Also, subjects with very high levels of HDL-C, including those with rare mutations that disrupt hepatic HDL uptake and reverse cholesterol transport, may be at higher risk for CHD than those with moderate levels. We describe here several cell-based and cell-free in vitro assays of HDL structure and function that may be used in clinical studies to determine which of HDL’s functions are best associated with protection against CHD. We conclude that the HDL hypothesis may need revision based on studies of HDL structure and function, but that the HDL hypothesis is not dead yet.
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HDL and Endothelial Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1377:27-47. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1592-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lorkowski SW, Brubaker G, Li L, Li XS, Hazen SL, Smith JD. A Novel Cell-Free Fluorescent Assay for HDL Function: Low Apolipoprotein A1 Exchange Rate Associated with Increased Incident Cardiovascular Events. J Appl Lab Med 2021; 5:544-557. [PMID: 32445357 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol efflux capacity is a tissue culture assay for HDL function that is not amenable for high-throughput monitoring of risk assessment. METHODS We devised a cell-free HDL function assay to measure the exchange rate of exogenous apoA1 into serum HDL using NBD/Alexa647 double-labeled apoA1, whose NBD/Alexa647 emission ratio increased upon exchange into HDL. ApoA1 exchange rate (AER) was assayed by incubating labeled apoA1 with human serum, and the rate of the increase of the NBD/Alexa647 ratio over time was calculated as AER. RESULTS Fast protein liquid chromatography analysis of serum confirmed that the labeled apoA1 selectively exchanged into the HDL lipoprotein fraction. Characterization studies demonstrated that the AER assay had excellent intra- and inter-day reproducibility, was stable over 3 freeze-thaw cycles, and yielded similar results with serum or plasma. We quantified AER in serum from randomly selected stable subjects undergoing elective diagnostic coronary angiography (n = 997). AER was correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.58, P < 0.0001) and apoA1 levels (r = 0.56, P < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival plot showed subjects in the lowest quartile of AER experienced a significantly higher rate of incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE = myocardial infarction, stroke, or death) (P < 0.0069 log rank). Moreover, compared to subjects in the lowest AER quartile, the remaining subjects showed significantly lower incident (3 year) risk for MACE, even after adjustment for traditional risk factors and apoA1 (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.40-0.85; P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS In a prospective cohort of stable subjects undergoing elective diagnostic cardiac evaluations, low AER was associated with increased incident risk of MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wang Lorkowski
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Gregory Brubaker
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xinmin S Li
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Barker G, Leeuwenburgh C, Brusko T, Moldawer L, Reddy ST, Guirgis FW. Lipid and Lipoprotein Dysregulation in Sepsis: Clinical and Mechanistic Insights into Chronic Critical Illness. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1693. [PMID: 33920038 PMCID: PMC8071007 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their well-characterized roles in metabolism, lipids and lipoproteins have pleiotropic effects on the innate immune system. These undergo clinically relevant alterations during sepsis and acute inflammatory responses. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in regulating the immune response by clearing bacterial toxins, supporting corticosteroid release, decreasing platelet aggregation, inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis, reducing the monocyte inflammatory response, and inhibiting expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. It undergoes quantitative as well as qualitative changes which can be measured using the HDL inflammatory index (HII). Pro-inflammatory, or dysfunctional HDL (dysHDL) lacks the ability to perform these functions, and we have also found it to independently predict adverse outcomes and organ failure in sepsis. Another important class of lipids known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) positively affect the escalation and resolution of inflammation in a temporal fashion. These undergo phenotypic changes in sepsis and differ significantly between survivors and non-survivors. Certain subsets of sepsis survivors go on to have perilous post-hospitalization courses where this inflammation continues in a low grade fashion. This is associated with immunosuppression in a syndrome of persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS). The continuous release of tissue damage-related patterns and viral reactivation secondary to immunosuppression feed this chronic cycle of inflammation. Animal data indicate that dysregulation of endogenous lipids and SPMs play important roles in this process. Lipids and their associated pathways have been the target of many clinical trials in recent years which have not shown mortality benefit. These results are limited by patient heterogeneity and poor animal models. Considerations of sepsis phenotypes and novel biomarkers in future trials are important factors to be considered in future research. Further characterization of lipid dysregulation and chronic inflammation during sepsis will aid mortality risk stratification, detection of sepsis, and inform individualized pharmacologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Barker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, 655 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA;
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA;
| | - Todd Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Lyle Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Faheem W. Guirgis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, 655 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA;
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Di L, Maiseyeu A. Low-density lipoprotein nanomedicines: mechanisms of targeting, biology, and theranostic potential. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:408-421. [PMID: 33594923 PMCID: PMC7894439 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1886199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Native nanostructured lipoproteins such as low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) are powerful tools for the targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents. While the cellular recognition of well-known HDL-based carriers occurs via interactions with an HDL receptor, the selective delivery and uptake of LDL particles by target cells are more complex. The most well-known mode of LDL-based delivery is via the interaction between apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) - the main protein of LDL - and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). LDLR is expressed in the liver, adipocytes, and macrophages, and thus selectively delivers LDL carriers to these cells and tissues. Moreover, the elevated expression of LDLR in tumor cells indicates a role for LDL in the targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs. In addition, chronic inflammation associated with hypercholesterolemia (i.e., high levels of endogenous LDL) can be abated by LDL carriers, which outcompete the deleterious oxidized LDL for uptake by macrophages. In this case, synthetic LDL nanocarriers act as 'eat-me' signals and exploit mechanisms of native LDL uptake for targeted drug delivery and imaging. Lastly, recent studies have shown that the delivery of LDL-based nanocarriers to macrophages via fluid-phase pinocytosis is a promising tool for atherosclerosis imaging. Hence, the present review summarizes the use of natural and synthetic LDL-based carriers for drug delivery and imaging and discusses various mechanisms of targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Di
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Clevehand, OH, USA
| | - Andrei Maiseyeu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Clevehand, OH, USA
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Pedersbæk D, Simonsen JB. A systematic review of the biodistribution of biomimetic high-density lipoproteins in mice. J Control Release 2020; 328:792-804. [PMID: 32971201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For the past two decades, biomimetic high-density lipoproteins (b-HDL) have been used for various drug delivery applications. The b-HDL mimic the endogenous HDL, and therefore possess many attractive features for drug delivery, including high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to transport and deliver their cargo (e.g. drugs and/or imaging agents) to specific cells and tissues that are recognized by HDL. The b-HDL designs reported in the literature often differ in size, shape, composition, and type of incorporated cargo. However, there exists only limited insight into how the b-HDL design dictates their biodistribution. To fill this gap, we conducted a comprehensive systematic literature search of biodistribution studies using various designs of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)-based b-HDL (i.e. b-HDL with apoA-I, apoA-I mutants, or apoA-I mimicking peptides). We carefully screened 679 papers (search hits) for b-HDL biodistribution studies in mice, and ended up with 24 relevant biodistribution profiles that we compared according to b-HDL design. We show similarities between b-HDL biodistribution studies irrespectively of the b-HDL design, whereas the biodistribution of the b-HDL components (lipids and scaffold) differ significantly. The b-HDL lipids primarily accumulate in liver, while the b-HDL scaffold primarily accumulates in the kidney. Furthermore, both b-HDL lipids and scaffold accumulate well in the tumor tissue in tumor-bearing mice. Finally, we present essential considerations and strategies for b-HDL labeling, and discuss how the b-HDL biodistribution can be tuned through particle design and administration route. Our meta-analysis and discussions provide a detailed overview of the fate of b-HDL in mice that is highly relevant when applying b-HDL for drug delivery or in vivo imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Pedersbæk
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens B Simonsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Health Technology, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Guirgis FW, Black LP, DeVos E, Henson M, Ferreira J, Miller T, Rosenthal M, Leeuwenburgh C, Kalynych C, Moldawer L, Jones L, Crandall M, Reddy ST, Gao H, Wu S, Moore F. Lipid intensive drug therapy for sepsis pilot: A Bayesian phase I clinical trial. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2020; 1:1332-1340. [PMID: 33392541 PMCID: PMC7771745 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cholesterol may be protective in sepsis. Patients with early sepsis may have critically low cholesterol levels that are associated with poor outcomes. The study objective was to test the safety of a fish oil-containing lipid injectable emulsion for stabilizing early cholesterol levels in sepsis. METHODS Phase I Bayesian optimal interval design trial of adult patients with septic shock (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ≥4 or vasopressor dependence). Using sequential dose escalation, participants received 2 doses of 1.0 to 1.6 g/kg of lipid emulsion (Smoflipid 20% lipid emulsion) within 48 hours of enrollment. Cholesterol levels, function, and organ failure were assessed serially during the first 7 days of hospital admission. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 10 patients with septic shock were enrolled. One patient withdrew for social reasons. Another patient had an unrelated medical complication and received 1 drug dose. Of 9 patients, mean age was 58 years (SD 16), median Sequential Organ Failure Assessment was 8, and 28-day mortality was 30%. No serious adverse events related to lipid infusion occurred. The six occurrences of non-serious adverse events possibly related to lipid infusion included hyperglycemia (1), elevated triglycerides (3), anemia (1), and vascular access redness/pain (1) for all doses. The mean change in total cholesterol levels from enrollment was -7 (SD 16.6) at 48 hours and 14 (SD 25.2) at 7 days. CONCLUSIONS Fish oil-containing lipid emulsion administration during early septic shock was safe. Further studies are needed to assess effects on cholesterol levels, function, and organ failure. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03405870.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem W. Guirgis
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Florida College of Medicine–JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Lauren Page Black
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Florida College of Medicine–JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Elizabeth DeVos
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Florida College of Medicine–JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Morgan Henson
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Florida College of Medicine–JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jason Ferreira
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Florida College of Medicine–JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Taylor Miller
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Florida College of Medicine–JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Martin Rosenthal
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric ResearchUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Colleen Kalynych
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Florida College of Medicine–JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Lyle Moldawer
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Lisa Jones
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Florida College of Medicine–JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Marie Crandall
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Florida College of Medicine–JacksonvilleJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Hanzhi Gao
- Department of BiostatisticsCollege of Public Health & Health Professions College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Sam Wu
- Department of BiostatisticsCollege of Public Health & Health Professions College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Frederick Moore
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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14
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Márquez AB, Nazir S, van der Vorst EP. High-Density Lipoprotein Modifications: A Pathological Consequence or Cause of Disease Progression? Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120549. [PMID: 33260660 PMCID: PMC7759904 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is well-known for its cardioprotective effects, as it possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-thrombotic, and cytoprotective properties. Traditionally, studies and therapeutic approaches have focused on raising HDL cholesterol levels. Recently, it became evident that, not HDL cholesterol, but HDL composition and functionality, is probably a more fruitful target. In disorders, such as chronic kidney disease or cardiovascular diseases, it has been observed that HDL is modified and becomes dysfunctional. There are different modification that can occur, such as serum amyloid, an enrichment and oxidation, carbamylation, and glycation of key proteins. Additionally, the composition of HDL can be affected by changes to enzymes such as cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) or by modification to other important components. This review will highlight some main modifications to HDL and discuss whether these modifications are purely a consequential result of pathology or are actually involved in the pathology itself and have a causal role. Therefore, HDL composition may present a molecular target for the amelioration of certain diseases, but more information is needed to determine to what extent HDL modifications play a causal role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonnin Márquez
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.B.M.); (S.N.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sumra Nazir
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.B.M.); (S.N.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P.C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.B.M.); (S.N.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-36914
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15
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Lorkowski SW, Brubaker G, Rotroff DM, Kashyap SR, Bhatt DL, Nissen SE, Schauer PR, Aminian A, Smith JD. Bariatric Surgery Improves HDL Function Examined by ApoA1 Exchange Rate and Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E551. [PMID: 32260470 PMCID: PMC7226587 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery improves glycemic control better than medical therapy; however, the effect of bariatric surgery on HDL function is not well characterized. Serum samples were available at baseline, 1-, and 5-years post procedures, for 90 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes who were randomized to intensive medical therapy (n = 20), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB, n = 37), or sleeve gastrectomy (SG, n = 33) as part of the STAMPEDE clinical trial. We examined serum HDL function by two independent assays, apolipoprotein A-1 exchange rate (AER) and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). Compared with baseline, AER was significantly higher at 5 years for participants in all treatment groups, but only increased significantly at 1 year in the RYGB and SG groups. CEC was divided into ABCA1-dependent and independent fractions, and the later was correlated with AER. ABCA1-independent CEC increased significantly only at 5 years in both surgical groups, but did not significantly change in the medical therapy group. There was no significant change in ABCA1-dependent CEC in any group. The increase in AER, but not ABCA1-independent CEC, was correlated with the reduction in body mass index and glycated hemoglobin levels among all subjects at 5 years, indicating that AER as a measure of HDL function would be a better reflection of therapy versus CEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wang Lorkowski
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.W.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Gregory Brubaker
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.W.L.); (G.B.)
| | - Daniel M. Rotroff
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Sangeeta R. Kashyap
- Endocrinology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Deepak L. Bhatt
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven E. Nissen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Philip R. Schauer
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Ali Aminian
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Jonathan D. Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.W.L.); (G.B.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
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16
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Khattib A, Atrahimovich D, Dahli L, Vaya J, Khatib S. Lyso-diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (lyso-DGTS) isolated from Nannochloropsis microalgae improves high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions. Biofactors 2020; 46:146-157. [PMID: 31660677 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many population studies have shown that blood concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are inversely correlated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, in recent studies, increasing blood HDL cholesterol concentrations failed to reduce CVD events. On the other hand, studies suggest that improving HDL quality can be a more efficient tool for assessing atherosclerotic risk than simply measuring blood HDL cholesterol concentration. Thus, improving HDL activity using natural substances might be a useful therapeutic approach to reducing CVD risk. We previously isolated a novel active compound from Nannochloropsis microalgae termed lyso-diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (lyso-DGTS), which increased activity of paraoxonase 1, the main antioxidant enzyme associated with HDL. Here we examined the effect of lyso-DGTS on HDL quality and function. Tryptophan-fluorescence-quenching assay showed that lyso-DGTS interacts spontaneously with the entire HDL lipoprotein and with apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), the major structural and functional HDL protein, with high affinity (Ka = 2.17 × 104 M-1 at 37°C). Lyso-DGTS added to HDL and to ApoA1 increased cholesterol efflux from macrophage cells, the main antiatherogenic function of HDL, dose-dependently, and significantly increased HDL's ability to induce nitric oxide production from endothelial cells. In-vivo supplementation of lyso-DGTS to the circulation of mice fed a high-fat diet via osmotic mini-pumps implanted subcutaneously enhanced HDL anti-inflammatory effect significantly as compared to controls. Our findings suggest that lyso-DGTS may have a beneficial effect in decreasing atherosclerosis risk by interacting with HDL particles and improving their quality and antiatherogenic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khattib
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Dana Atrahimovich
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Loureen Dahli
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Jacob Vaya
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Oxidative Stress and Human Diseases, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
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17
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May-Zhang LS, Yermalitsky V, Melchior JT, Morris J, Tallman KA, Borja MS, Pleasent T, Amarnath V, Song W, Yancey PG, Davidson WS, Linton MF, Davies SS. Modified sites and functional consequences of 4-oxo-2-nonenal adducts in HDL that are elevated in familial hypercholesterolemia. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19022-19033. [PMID: 31666337 PMCID: PMC6916491 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid aldehyde 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) is a highly reactive protein crosslinker derived from peroxidation of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and generated together with 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Lipid peroxidation product-mediated crosslinking of proteins in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) causes HDL dysfunction and contributes to atherogenesis. Although HNE is relatively well-studied, the role of ONE in atherosclerosis and in modifying HDL is unknown. Here, we found that individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) had significantly higher ONE-ketoamide (lysine) adducts in HDL (54.6 ± 33.8 pmol/mg) than healthy controls (15.3 ± 5.6 pmol/mg). ONE crosslinked apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) on HDL at a concentration of > 3 mol ONE per 10 mol apoA-I (0.3 eq), which was 100-fold lower than HNE, but comparable to the potent protein crosslinker isolevuglandin. ONE-modified HDL partially inhibited HDL's ability to protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene expression in murine macrophages. At 3 eq, ONE dramatically decreased apoA-I exchange from HDL, from ∼46.5 to ∼18.4% (p < 0.001). Surprisingly, ONE modification of HDL or apoA-I did not alter macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that Lys-12, Lys-23, Lys-96, and Lys-226 in apoA-I are modified by ONE ketoamide adducts. Compared with other dicarbonyl scavengers, pentylpyridoxamine (PPM) most efficaciously blocked ONE-induced protein crosslinking in HDL and also prevented HDL dysfunction in an in vitro model of inflammation. Our findings show that ONE-HDL adducts cause HDL dysfunction and are elevated in individuals with FH who have severe hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S May-Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Valery Yermalitsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - John T Melchior
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
| | - Jamie Morris
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
| | - Keri A Tallman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Mark S Borja
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University East Bay, Hayward, California 94542
| | - Tiffany Pleasent
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Wenliang Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Patricia G Yancey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45220
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Sean S Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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18
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Witkowski A, Carta S, Lu R, Yokoyama S, Rubartelli A, Cavigiolio G. Oxidation of methionine residues in human apolipoprotein A-I generates a potent pro-inflammatory molecule. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3634-3646. [PMID: 30635405 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid deposits of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and inflammation are common in atherosclerotic arteries. In this study, we investigated the interplay between oxidation of apoA-I methionine residues (Met(O)-ApoA-I), a known amyloidogenic modification of apoA-I, and the inflammatory response of immune cells. Soluble pre-fibrillar Met(O)-ApoA-I, but not apoA-I, induced intracellular accumulation of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and IL-6 in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and human primary monocytes. Additionally, secretion of mature IL-1β was also activated in human monocytes. The pro-inflammatory activity of Met(O)-ApoA-I was Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent and CD36-independent and was solely determined by oxidation of apoA-I methionine residues, in particular Met-86 and Met-148. In contrast, amyloid fibrils or reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) generated from Met(O)-ApoA-I did not induce cytokine production in BMDMs. Although lipid-free Met(O)-ApoA-I remained functional in extracting lipids from cells and generating HDL, it gained strong pro-inflammatory properties that may aggravate local inflammation in the arteries and atherosclerosis. Our study indicates that oxidation of apoA-I methionine residues produces a potent danger-associated molecular pattern capable of stimulating pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion at levels similar to those induced by known pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as lipopolysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Witkowski
- From the UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609
| | - Sonia Carta
- the Cell Biology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy, and
| | - Rui Lu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- the Cell Biology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy, and
| | - Giorgio Cavigiolio
- From the UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609,
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19
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Boyer M, Mitchell PL, Poirier P, Alméras N, Tremblay A, Bergeron J, Després JP, Arsenault BJ. Impact of a one-year lifestyle modification program on cholesterol efflux capacities in men with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E460-E468. [PMID: 29870675 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00127.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux capacities (CECs) are negatively associated with cardiovascular disease risk, irrespective of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Whether interventions targeting lifestyle improve HDL-CECs is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether improving dietary quality and increasing physical activity levels improves HDL-CECs in men with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia. Our study sample included men (48 ± 8.5 yr) with an elevated waist circumference (≥90 cm) associated with dyslipidemia (triglycerides ≥1.69 and/or HDL cholesterol <1.03 mmol/l); 113 men completed a 1-yr intervention, consisting of a healthy eating and physical activity/exercise program, and 32 were included in a control group. An oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) was performed in a subsample of 28 men who completed the intervention, and blood was collected every 2 h for 8 h. HDL-CECs were measured using [3H]cholesterol-labeled J774 macrophages and HepG2 hepatocytes. The lifestyle modification program led to an overall improvement in the cardiometabolic risk profile, increases in J774-HDL-CEC by 14.1% (+0.88 ± 1.09%, P < 0.0001), HepG2-HDL-CEC by 3.4% (+0.17 ± 0.75%, P = 0.01), and HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1 levels (13.5%, P < 0.0001 and 14.9%, P < 0.0001, respectively). J774-HDL-CECs and HepG2-HDL-CECs did not change in the control group. The best predictor for changes in HDL-CEC was apolipoprotein A-1 level. The lifestyle modification program also improved HDL-CEC response in postprandial lipemia during an OLTT. HDL-CEC did not change during the OLTT. Our results suggest that increasing physical activity levels and improving diet quality can have a positive impact on both HDL quantity and quality in men with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Boyer
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec, QC , Canada
| | - Patricia L Mitchell
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval , Quebec, QC , Canada
| | - Natalie Alméras
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec, QC , Canada
| | - Jean Bergeron
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center , Quebec, QC , Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec, QC , Canada
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec, QC , Canada
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20
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Kelesidis T, Kendall MA, Danoff A, Aberg JA, Currier JS, Schmidt AM. Soluble levels of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts and dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: ACTG NWCS332. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10955. [PMID: 29851842 PMCID: PMC6392937 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in HIV-related atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unclear. Both glycation and oxidation (HDLox) are major modifications of HDL that can alter its composition and function. Therefore, we explored the longitudinal association of HDLox with progression of glycation, as evaluated by measurement of circulating forms of receptor for AGE that predict morbidity (soluble Receptors for Advanced Glycation Endproducts [sRAGE], endogenous secretory Receptors for Advanced Glycation Endproducts [esRAGE]), in people with HIV-1 (PWH; HIV-1) and uninfected (HIV-1) individuals.We retrospectively assessed if levels of plasma sRAGE and esRAGE and HDL function (reduced antioxidant function is associated with increased HDL lipid hydroperoxide content; HDLox) in a subset of participants (n = 80) from a prospective 3-year study (AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5078). Primary outcomes were baseline and yearly rates of change over 96 of 144 weeks (Δ) in HDLox in HIV-1 versus uninfected HIV-1 controls (noted as HIV-1).Higher baseline levels of sRAGE in PWH on effective anti-retroviral therapy and with low CVD risk, but not in HIV-1 persons, were independently associated with higher HDLox. EsRAGE, but not sRAGE, had consistent inverse relationships with ΔHDLox in both HIV-1 and HIV-1 persons at baseline. In HIV-1 but not in HIV-1 persons, ΔHDLox had positive and inverse relationships with ΔRAGE and ΔesRAGE, respectively.Glycation and oxidation of HDL may contribute to impaired HDL function present in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michelle A. Kendall
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ann Danoff
- Department of Medicine, CPL Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Judith A. Aberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Judith S. Currier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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21
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Domingo-Espín J, Nilsson O, Bernfur K, Del Giudice R, Lagerstedt JO. Site-specific glycations of apolipoprotein A-I lead to differentiated functional effects on lipid-binding and on glucose metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2822-2834. [PMID: 29802959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged hyperglycemia in poorly controlled diabetes leads to an increase in reactive glucose metabolites that covalently modify proteins by non-enzymatic glycation reactions. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the proteins that becomes glycated in hyperglycemia. The impact of glycation on apoA-I protein structure and function in lipid and glucose metabolism were investigated. ApoA-I was chemically glycated by two different glucose metabolites (methylglyoxal and glycolaldehyde). Synchrotron radiation and conventional circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to study apoA-I structure and stability. The ability to bind lipids was measured by lipid-clearance assay and native gel analysis, and cholesterol efflux was measured by using lipid-laden J774 macrophages. Diet induced obese mice with established insulin resistance, L6 rat and C2C12 mouse myocytes, as well as INS-1E rat insulinoma cells, were used to determine in vivo and in vitro glucose uptake and insulin secretion. Site-specific, covalent modifications of apoA-I (lysines or arginines) led to altered protein structure, reduced lipid binding capability and a reduced ability to catalyze cholesterol efflux from macrophages, partly in a modification-specific manner. The stimulatory effects of apoA-I on the in vivo glucose clearance were negatively affected when apoA-I was modified with methylglyoxal, but not with glycolaldehyde. The in vitro data showed that both glucose uptake in muscle cells and insulin secretion from beta cells were affected. Taken together, glycation modifications impair the apoA-I protein functionality in lipid and glucose metabolism, which is expected to have implications for diabetes patients with poorly controlled blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Domingo-Espín
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oktawia Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Katja Bernfur
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rita Del Giudice
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens O Lagerstedt
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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22
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Cooke AL, Morris J, Melchior JT, Street SE, Jerome WG, Huang R, Herr AB, Smith LE, Segrest JP, Remaley AT, Shah AS, Thompson TB, Davidson WS. A thumbwheel mechanism for APOA1 activation of LCAT activity in HDL. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1244-1255. [PMID: 29773713 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
APOA1 is the most abundant protein in HDL. It modulates interactions that affect HDL's cardioprotective functions, in part via its activation of the enzyme, LCAT. On nascent discoidal HDL, APOA1 comprises 10 α-helical repeats arranged in an anti-parallel stacked-ring structure that encapsulates a lipid bilayer. Previous chemical cross-linking studies suggested that these APOA1 rings can adopt at least two different orientations, or registries, with respect to each other; however, the functional impact of these structural changes is unknown. Here, we placed cysteine residues at locations predicted to form disulfide bonds in each orientation and then measured APOA1's ability to adopt the two registries during HDL particle formation. We found that most APOA1 oriented with the fifth helix of one molecule across from fifth helix of the other (5/5 helical registry), but a fraction adopted a 5/2 registry. Engineered HDLs that were locked in 5/5 or 5/2 registries by disulfide bonds equally promoted cholesterol efflux from macrophages, indicating functional particles. However, unlike the 5/5 registry or the WT, the 5/2 registry impaired LCAT cholesteryl esterification activity (P < 0.001), despite LCAT binding equally to all particles. Chemical cross-linking studies suggest that full LCAT activity requires a hybrid epitope composed of helices 5-7 on one APOA1 molecule and helices 3-4 on the other. Thus, APOA1 may use a reciprocating thumbwheel-like mechanism to activate HDL-remodeling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Cooke
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Jamie Morris
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - John T Melchior
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Scott E Street
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - W Gray Jerome
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Rong Huang
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Loren E Smith
- Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amy S Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
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May-Zhang LS, Yermalitsky V, Huang J, Pleasent T, Borja MS, Oda MN, Jerome WG, Yancey PG, Linton MF, Davies SS. Modification by isolevuglandins, highly reactive γ-ketoaldehydes, deleteriously alters high-density lipoprotein structure and function. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9176-9187. [PMID: 29712723 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease risk depends on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function, not HDL-cholesterol. Isolevuglandins (IsoLGs) are lipid dicarbonyls that react with lysine residues of proteins and phosphatidylethanolamine. IsoLG adducts are elevated in atherosclerosis. The consequences of IsoLG modification of HDL have not been studied. We hypothesized that IsoLG modification of apoA-I deleteriously alters HDL function. We determined the effect of IsoLG on HDL structure-function and whether pentylpyridoxamine (PPM), a dicarbonyl scavenger, can preserve HDL function. IsoLG adducts in HDL derived from patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (n = 10, 233.4 ± 158.3 ng/mg) were found to be significantly higher than in healthy controls (n = 7, 90.1 ± 33.4 pg/mg protein). Further, HDL exposed to myeloperoxidase had elevated IsoLG-lysine adducts (5.7 ng/mg protein) compared with unexposed HDL (0.5 ng/mg protein). Preincubation with PPM reduced IsoLG-lysine adducts by 67%, whereas its inactive analogue pentylpyridoxine did not. The addition of IsoLG produced apoA-I and apoA-II cross-links beginning at 0.3 molar eq of IsoLG/mol of apoA-I (0.3 eq), whereas succinylaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal required 10 and 30 eq. IsoLG increased HDL size, generating a subpopulation of 16-23 nm. 1 eq of IsoLG decreased HDL-mediated [3H]cholesterol efflux from macrophages via ABCA1, which corresponded to a decrease in HDL-apoA-I exchange from 47.4% to only 24.8%. This suggests that IsoLG inhibits apoA-I from disassociating from HDL to interact with ABCA1. The addition of 0.3 eq of IsoLG ablated HDL's ability to inhibit LPS-stimulated cytokine expression by macrophages and increased IL-1β expression by 3.5-fold. The structural-functional effects were partially rescued with PPM scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S May-Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602
| | - Valery Yermalitsky
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Mark S Borja
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University East Bay, Hayward, California 94542, and
| | - Michael N Oda
- the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609
| | - W Gray Jerome
- the Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Patricia G Yancey
- the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - MacRae F Linton
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602.,the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Sean S Davies
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602,
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24
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Sarzynski MA, Ruiz-Ramie JJ, Barber JL, Slentz CA, Apolzan JW, McGarrah RW, Harris MN, Church TS, Borja MS, He Y, Oda MN, Martin CK, Kraus WE, Rohatgi A. Effects of Increasing Exercise Intensity and Dose on Multiple Measures of HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:943-952. [PMID: 29437573 PMCID: PMC5864525 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Measures of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) function are associated with cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of regular exercise on these measures is largely unknown. Thus, we examined the effects of different doses of exercise on 3 measures of HDL function in 2 randomized clinical exercise trials. APPROACH AND RESULTS Radiolabeled and boron dipyrromethene difluoride-labeled cholesterol efflux capacity and HDL-apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) exchange were assessed before and after 6 months of exercise training in 2 cohorts: STRRIDE-PD (Studies of Targeted Risk Reduction Interventions through Defined Exercise, in individuals with Pre-Diabetes; n=106) and E-MECHANIC (Examination of Mechanisms of exercise-induced weight compensation; n=90). STRRIDE-PD participants completed 1 of 4 exercise interventions differing in amount and intensity. E-MECHANIC participants were randomized into 1 of 2 exercise groups (8 or 20 kcal/kg per week) or a control group. HDL-C significantly increased in the high-amount/vigorous-intensity group (3±5 mg/dL; P=0.02) of STRRIDE-PD, whereas no changes in HDL-C were observed in E-MECHANIC. In STRRIDE-PD, global radiolabeled efflux capacity significantly increased 6.2% (SEM, 0.06) in the high-amount/vigorous-intensity group compared with all other STRRIDE-PD groups (range, -2.4 to -8.4%; SEM, 0.06). In E-MECHANIC, non-ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) radiolabeled efflux significantly increased 5.7% (95% CI, 1.2-10.2%) in the 20 kcal/kg per week group compared with the control group, with no change in the 8 kcal/kg per week group (2.6%; 95% CI, -1.4 to 6.7%). This association was attenuated when adjusting for change in HDL-C. Exercise training did not affect BODIPY-labeled cholesterol efflux capacity or HDL-apoA-I exchange in either study. CONCLUSIONS Regular prolonged vigorous exercise improves some but not all measures of HDL function. Future studies are warranted to investigate whether the effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease are mediated in part by improving HDL function. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT00962962 and NCT01264406.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Sarzynski
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.).
| | - Jonathan J Ruiz-Ramie
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.)
| | - Jacob L Barber
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.)
| | - Cris A Slentz
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.)
| | - John W Apolzan
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.)
| | - Robert W McGarrah
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.)
| | - Melissa N Harris
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.)
| | - Timothy S Church
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.)
| | - Mark S Borja
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.)
| | - Yumin He
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.)
| | - Michael N Oda
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.)
| | - Corby K Martin
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.)
| | - William E Kraus
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.)
| | - Anand Rohatgi
- From the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia (M.A.S., J.J.R.-R., J.L.B.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (C.A.S., R.W.M., W.E.K.); Ingestive Behavior and Preventive Medicine Laboratories, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA (J.W.A., M.N.H., T.S.C., C.K.M.); Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease & Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA (M.S.B., Y.H., M.N.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (A.R.)
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25
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Collier TS, Jin Z, Topbas C, Bystrom C. Rapid Affinity Enrichment of Human Apolipoprotein A-I Associated Lipoproteins for Proteome Analysis. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1183-1193. [PMID: 29411613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of high density lipoproteins (HDL) for structural and functional studies typically relies on ultracentrifugation techniques, which are time-consuming and difficult to scale. With emerging interest in the clinical relevance of HDL structure and function to cardiovascular disease, a significant gap exists between current and desirable sample preparation throughput. To enable proteomic studies of HDL with large clinical cohorts, we have developed an affinity enrichment approach that relies on the association of histidine-tagged, lipid free ApoA-I with HDL followed by standard metal chelate chromatography. Characterization of the resulting affinity-enriched ApoA-I associated lipoprotein (AALP) pool using biochemical, electrophoretic, and proteomic analysis demonstrates that the isolated material is closely related in structural features, lipid content, protein complement, and relative protein distribution to HDL isolated by ultracentrifugation using sequential density adjustment. The simplicity of the method provides avenues for high-throughput analysis of HDL associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Collier
- Cleveland HeartLab, Inc. 6701 Carnegie Avenue, Suite 500 Cleveland, Ohio 44103, United States
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Cleveland HeartLab, Inc. 6701 Carnegie Avenue, Suite 500 Cleveland, Ohio 44103, United States
| | - Celalettin Topbas
- Cleveland HeartLab, Inc. 6701 Carnegie Avenue, Suite 500 Cleveland, Ohio 44103, United States
| | - Cory Bystrom
- Cleveland HeartLab, Inc. 6701 Carnegie Avenue, Suite 500 Cleveland, Ohio 44103, United States
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26
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Dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein from HIV+ individuals promotes monocyte-derived foam cell formation in vitro. AIDS 2017; 31:2331-2336. [PMID: 28926407 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function in HIV-related atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unclear. HDLs isolated from HIV [HIV(+)HDL] and HIV-uninfected individuals [HIV(-)HDL] were assessed for HDL function and ability to promote monocyte-derived foam cell formation (MDFCF; a key event in HIV-related CVD) ex vivo. DESIGN/METHODS Using an established in-vitro model of atherogenesis and plasma samples from an established cross-sectional study of virologically suppressed HIV men on stable effective antiretroviral therapy and with low CVD risk (median age: 42 years; n = 10), we explored the impact of native HDL [HIV(+)HDL] on MDFCF. In this exploratory study, we selected HIV(+)HDL known to be dysfunctional based on two independent measures of impaired HDL function: antioxidant (high HDLox) ability of HDL to release apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) (low HDL-ApoA-I exchange). Five healthy men matched by age and race to the HIV group were included. Given that oxidation of HDL leads to abnormal HDL function, we also compared proatherogenic effects of HIV(+)HDL vs. chemically derived HDLox. The ex-vivo atherogenesis assay was performed using lipoproteins (purchased or isolated from plasma using ultracentrifugation) and monocytes purified via negative selection from healthy donors. RESULTS HIV(+)HDL known to have reduced antioxidant function and rate of HDL/ApoAI exchange promoted MDFCF to a greater extent than HDL (33.0 vs. 26.2% foam cells; P = 0.015). HDL oxidized in vitro also enhanced foam cell formation as compared with nonoxidized HDL (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Dysfunctional HDL in virologically suppressed HIV individuals may potentiate atherosclerosis in HIV infection by promoting MDFCF.The role of HDL function in HIV-related atherosclerotic CVD is unclear. HDL isolated from HIV [HIV(+)HDL] and HIV-uninfected individuals [HIV(-)HDL] were assessed for HDL function and ability to promote foam cell formation ex vivo. HIV(+)HDL known to have reduced antioxidant function and rate of HDL/ApoA1 exchange promoted MDFCF to a greater extent than HDL(-)HDL (33.0 vs. 26.2% foam cells.Subject codes: Inflammation, Lipids and Cholesterol, Vascular Biology, Oxidant Stress, Atherosclerosis.
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27
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Block RC, Holub A, Abdolahi A, Tu XM, Mousa SA, Oda MN. Effects of aspirin in combination with EPA and DHA on HDL-C cholesterol and ApoA1 exchange in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 126:25-31. [PMID: 29031392 PMCID: PMC5683419 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/SYNOPSIS Low-dose aspirin is an effective drug for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events but individuals with diabetes mellitus can be subject to 'aspirin resistance'. Thus, aspirin's effect in these individuals is controversial. Higher blood levels of seafood-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) also have beneficial effects in reducing risk of CVD events but few studies have examined the interaction of plasma EPA and DHA with aspirin ingestion. OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE Our study examined the combinatory effects of EPA, DHA, and aspirin ingestion on HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and apoA-I exchange (shown to be associated with CVD event risk). METHODS 30 adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus ingested aspirin (81mg/day) for 7 consecutive days, EPA+DHA (2.6g/day) for 28 days, then both for 7 days. Plasma was collected at baseline and at 5 subsequent visits including 4h after each aspirin ingestion. Mixed model methods were used to determine HDL-C-concentrations and apoA-I exchange compared to the baseline visit values. LOWESS curves were used for non-linear analyses of outcomes to help discern change patterns, which was followed by piecewise linear functions for formal testing of curvilinear relationships. RESULTS Significant changes (p < 0.05) compared to baseline in both HDL-C-concentrations and apoA-I exchange were present at different times. After 7 days of aspirin-only ingestion, apoA-I exchange was significantly modified by increasing levels of DHA concentration, with increased apoA-I exchange observed up until log(DHA) of 4.6 and decreased exchange thereafter (p = 0.03). These LOWESS curve effects were not observed for EPA or HDL-C (p > 0.05). Aspirin's effects on apoA-I exchange were the greatest when EPA or DHA concentrations were moderate compared to high or low. Comparison of EPA, DHA, and EPA+DHA LOWESS curves, demonstrated that the majority of the effect is due to DHA. CONCLUSION Our results strongly suggest that plasma concentrations of EPA and DHA influence aspirin effects on lipid mediators of CVD event risk where their concentrations are most beneficial when moderate, not high or low. These effects on HDL-C cholesterol and apoA-I exchange are novel. Personalized dosing of DHA in those who take aspirin may be a beneficial option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Block
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States.
| | - Ashley Holub
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Amir Abdolahi
- Department of Acute Care Solutions, Philips Research North America, United States
| | - Xin M Tu
- Division of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics in the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Michael N Oda
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, United States
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28
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Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy reveals structural divergences in HDL-bound apoA-I variants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13540. [PMID: 29051568 PMCID: PMC5648894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) provides cardiovascular protection. Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) spectroscopy was used to analyze the dynamic solution structure of the apoA-I protein in the apo- and HDL-states and the protein structure conversion in HDL formation. Wild-type apoA-I protein was compared to human variants that either are protective (R173C, Milano) or lead to increased risk for ischaemic heart disease (A164S). Comparable secondary structure distributions in the HDL particles, including significant levels of beta strand/turn, were observed. ApoA-I Milano in HDL displayed larger size heterogeneity, increased protein flexibility, and an altered lipid-binding profile, whereas the apoA-I A164S in HDL showed decrease thermal stability, potentially linking the intrinsic HDL propensities of the variants to disease risk.
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29
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Predictors of Impaired HDL Function in HIV-1 Infected Compared to Uninfected Individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 75:354-363. [PMID: 28346318 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-density lipoprotein (HDL) function rather than absolute level may be a more accurate indicator for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Novel methods can measure HDL function using patient samples. The objective of this study is to identify factors that may contribute to HDL dysfunction in chronic treated HIV-1 infection. DESIGN Retrospective study of HDL function measured in 2 ways in HIV-1-infected men with low overall CVD risk and healthy men with no known CVD risk matched by race to the HIV-1-infected participants. METHODS We examined patient-level factors associated with 2 different measures of HDL dysfunction: reduced antioxidant function (oxidized HDL, HDLox) and reduced HDL-apoA-I exchange (HAE), a measure of HDL remodeling, in the HIV infected and control men. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses were used adjusting for false discovery rate, age, race, body mass index (BMI), CD4 count, viremia, CVD risk, smoking, lipids, apoA-I, and albumin. RESULTS In multivariate analysis among HIV-1-infected men (n = 166) (median age 45 years, CD4 T-cell count 505 cells/mm, 30.1% were viremic), higher BMI, lower apoA-I, and lower albumin were among the most notable correlates of higher HDLox and lower HAE (P < 0.05). In HIV-1 uninfected participants, lower albumin and higher BMI were associated with lower HAE and higher HDLox, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). HDLox was inversely related to HAE in HIV-1-infected individuals (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased HDLox correlates with reduced HAE in chronic HIV-1 infection. Higher BMI, lower apoA-I, and albumin were identified as factors associated with HDL dysfunction in chronic HIV-1 infection using 2 independent methods.
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Borja MS, Hammerson B, Tang C, Savinova OV, Shearer GC, Oda MN. Apolipoprotein A-I exchange is impaired in metabolic syndrome patients asymptomatic for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182217. [PMID: 28767713 PMCID: PMC5540550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that HDL-apolipoprotein A-I exchange (HAE), a measure of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and a key step in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), is impaired in metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) patients who are asymptomatic for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We also compared HAE with cell-based cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) to address previous reports that CEC is enhanced in MetSyn populations. METHODS HAE and ABCA1-specific CEC were measured as tests of HDL function in 60 MetSyn patients and 14 normolipidemic control subjects. Predictors of HAE and CEC were evaluated with multiple linear regression modeling using clinical markers of MetSyn and CVD risk. RESULTS HAE was significantly reduced in MetSyn patients (49.0 ± 10.9% vs. 61.2 ± 6.1%, P < 0.0001), as was ABCA1-specific CEC (10.1 ± 1.6% vs. 12.3 ± 2.0%, P < 0.002). Multiple linear regression analysis identified apoA-I concentration as a significant positive predictor of HAE, and MetSyn patients had significantly lower HAE per mg/dL of apoA-I (P = 0.004). MetSyn status was a negative predictor of CEC, but triglyceride (TG) was a positive predictor of CEC, with MetSyn patients having higher CEC per mg/dL of TG, but lower overall CEC compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS MetSyn patients have impaired HAE that contributes to reduced capacity for ABCA1-mediated CEC. MetSyn status is inversely correlated with CEC but positively correlated with TG, which explains the contradictory results from earlier MetSyn studies focused on CEC. HAE and CEC are inhibited in MetSyn patients over a broad range of absolute apoA-I and HDL particle levels, supporting the observation that this patient population bears significant residual cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Borja
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Bradley Hammerson
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Olga V. Savinova
- Cardiovascular Health Research Center, Sanford Research USD, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Gregory C. Shearer
- Cardiovascular Health Research Center, Sanford Research USD, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Michael N. Oda
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Heier M, Borja MS, Brunborg C, Seljeflot I, Margeirsdottir HD, Hanssen KF, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Oda MN. Reduced HDL function in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:85. [PMID: 28683835 PMCID: PMC5501001 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Measures of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function provide a better risk estimate for future CVD events than serum levels of HDL cholesterol. The objective of this study was to evaluate HDL function in T1D patients shortly after disease onset compared with healthy control subjects. Methods Participants in the atherosclerosis and childhood diabetes study were examined at baseline and after 5 years. At baseline, the cohort included 293 T1D patients with a mean age of 13.7 years and mean HbA1c of 8.4%, along with 111 healthy control subjects. Their HDL function, quantified by HDL-apoA-I exchange (HAE), was assessed at both time points. HAE is a measure of HDL’s dynamic property, specifically its ability to release lipid-poor apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), an essential step in reverse cholesterol transport. Results The HAE-apoA-I ratio, reflecting the HDL function per concentration unit apoA-I, was significantly lower in the diabetes group both at baseline, 0.33 (SD = 0.06) versus 0.36 (SD = 0.06) %HAE/mg/dL, p < 0.001 and at follow-up, 0.34 (SD = 0.06) versus 0.36 (SD = 0.06) %HAE/mg/dL, p = 0.003. HAE-apoA-I ratio was significantly and inversely correlated with HbA1c in the diabetes group. Over the 5 years of the study, the mean HAE-apoA-I ratio remained consistent in both groups. Individual changes were less than 15% for half of the study participants. Conclusions This study shows reduced HDL function, quantified as HAE-apoA-I ratio, in children and young adults with T1D compared with healthy control subjects. The differences in HDL function appeared shortly after disease onset and persisted over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heier
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mark S Borja
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Clinical Heart Research and Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Dis Margeirsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kristian F Hanssen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Pediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael N Oda
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
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Rhee EJ, Byrne CD, Sung KC. The HDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein A-I ratio: an indicator of cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2017; 24:148-153. [PMID: 28099205 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In multiple studies, the HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration has been shown to be inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk. Based on this observation, increasing the plasma HDL-C concentration is thought to be a desirable strategy, in the 21st century, for decreasing the burden of CVD. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that powerful HDL-C concentration-increasing drugs are ineffective for decreasing CVD. Increasing evidence now shows that HDL is an unstable and heterogeneous particle, and that 'HDL particle functionality' is far more important in atheroprotection than is the HDL-C level, alone. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is the major protein component of HDL, and increasing evidence suggests that the ratio of HDL-C to apoA-I may give additional insight as a risk marker not just for CVD but also for all-cause and cancer mortality. SUMMARY In this review, we discuss the importance of HDL composition, apoA-I levels, and the HDL-C/apoA-I ratio for predicting CVD and mortality outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Rhee
- aDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea bEndocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK cDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oda MN. Lipid-free apoA-I structure - Origins of model diversity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:221-233. [PMID: 27890580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is a prominent member of the exchangeable apolipoprotein class of proteins, capable of transitioning between lipid-bound and lipid-free states. It is the primary structural and functional protein of high density lipoprotein (HDL). Lipid-free apoA-I is critical to de novo HDL formation as it is the preferred substrate of the lipid transporter, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A1 (ABCA1) Remaley et al. (2001) [1]. Lipid-free apoA-I is an important element in reverse cholesterol transport and comprehension of its structure is a core issue in our understanding of cholesterol metabolism. However, lipid-free apoA-I is highly conformationally dynamic making it a challenging subject for structural analysis. Over the past 20years there have been significant advances in overcoming the dynamic nature of lipid-free apoA-I, which have resulted in a multitude of proposed conformational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Oda
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, United States.
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34
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Arciello A, Piccoli R, Monti DM. Apolipoprotein A-I: the dual face of a protein. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4171-4179. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Arciello
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB); Rome Italy
| | - Renata Piccoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB); Rome Italy
| | - Daria Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB); Rome Italy
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35
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. ApoA1 and ApoA1-specific self-antibodies in cardiovascular disease. J Transl Med 2016; 96:708-18. [PMID: 27183204 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is a main protein moiety in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Generally, ApoA1 and HDL are considered as atheroprotective. In prooxidant and inflammatory microenvironment in the vicinity to the atherosclerotic lesion, ApoA1/HDL are subjected to modification. The chemical modifications such as oxidation, nitration, etc result in altering native architecture of ApoA1 toward dysfunctionality and abnormality. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase has a prominent role in this mechanism. Neo-epitopes could be formed and then exposed that makes them immunogenic. Indeed, these epitopes may be recognized by immune cells and induce production of proatherogenic ApoA1-specific IgG antibodies. These antibodies are biologically relevant because they are able to react with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR4 in target cells and induce a variety of pro-inflammatory responses. Epidemiological and functional studies underline a prognostic value of ApoA1 self-antibodies for several cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, and severe carotid stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Department of Biophysics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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36
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Soupene E, Borja MS, Borda M, Larkin SK, Kuypers FA. Featured Article: Alterations of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity and apolipoprotein A-I functionality in human sickle blood. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1933-1942. [PMID: 27354333 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216657447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In sickle cell disease (SCD) cholesterol metabolism appears dysfunctional as evidenced by abnormal plasma cholesterol content in a subpopulation of SCD patients. Specific activity of the high density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) enzyme, which catalyzes esterification of cholesterol, and generates lysoPC (LPC) was significantly lower in sickle plasma compared to normal. Inhibitory amounts of LPC were present in sickle plasma, and the red blood cell (RBC) lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT), essential for the removal of LPC, displayed a broad range of activity. The functionality of sickle HDL appeared to be altered as evidenced by a decreased HDL-Apolipoprotein A-I exchange in sickle plasma as compared to control. Increased levels of oxidized proteins including ApoA-I were detected in sickle plasma. In vitro incubation of sickle plasma with washed erythrocytes affected the ApoA-I-exchange supporting the view that the RBC blood compartment can affect cholesterol metabolism in plasma. HDL functionality appeared to decrease during acute vaso-occlusive episodes in sickle patients and was associated with an increase of secretory PLA2, a marker for increased inflammation. Simvastatin treatment to improve the anti-inflammatory function of HDL did not ameliorate HDL-ApoA-I exchange in sickle patients. Thus, the cumulative effect of an inflammatory and highly oxidative environment in sickle blood contributes to a decrease in cholesterol esterification and HDL function, related to hypocholesterolemia in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Soupene
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, USA
| | - Mark S Borja
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, USA
| | - Mauricio Borda
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, USA
| | - Sandra K Larkin
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, USA
| | - Frans A Kuypers
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, USA
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Lipoprotein interactions with a polyurethane and a polyethylene oxide-modified polyurethane at the plasma–material interface. Biointerphases 2016; 11:029810. [PMID: 27306077 DOI: 10.1116/1.4953867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Guo H, Hassan HM, Ding PP, Su Y, Song Y, Wang T, Sun L, Zhang L, Jiang Z. Pyrazinamide induced hepatic injury in rats through inhibiting the PPARα pathway. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1579-1590. [PMID: 27071702 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazinamide (PZA) causes serious hepatotoxicity, but little is known about the exact mechanism by which PZA induced liver injury. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα) is highly expressed in the liver and modulates the intracellular lipidmetabolism. So far, the role of PPARα in the hepatotoxicity of PZA is unknown. In the present study, we described the hepatotoxic effects of PZA and the role of PPARα and its target genes in the downstream pathway including L-Fabp, Lpl, Cpt-1b, Acaa1, Apo-A1 and Me1 in this process. We found PZA induced the liver lipid metabolism disorder and PPARα expressionwas down-regulated which had a significant inverse correlation with liver injury degree. These changeswere ameliorated by fenofibrate, the co-treatment that acts as a PPARα agonist. In contrast, short-termstarvation significantly aggravated the severity of PZA-induced liver injury. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the critical role played by PPARα in PZA-induced hepatotoxicity and provided a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying PZA-induced liver injury. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Biology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongli Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hozeifa M Hassan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad-Medani, Sudan
| | - Ping-Ping Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yijing Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuming Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China. .,Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Protein conformational perturbations in hereditary amyloidosis: Differential impact of single point mutations in ApoAI amyloidogenic variants. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:434-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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40
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Gogonea V. Structural Insights into High Density Lipoprotein: Old Models and New Facts. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:318. [PMID: 26793109 PMCID: PMC4709926 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological link between circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and cardiovascular disease is well-documented, albeit its intricacies are not well-understood. An improved appreciation of HDL function and overall role in vascular health and disease requires at its foundation a better understanding of the lipoprotein's molecular structure, its formation, and its process of maturation through interactions with various plasma enzymes and cell receptors that intervene along the pathway of reverse cholesterol transport. This review focuses on summarizing recent developments in the field of lipid free apoA-I and HDL structure, with emphasis on new insights revealed by newly published nascent and spherical HDL models constructed by combining low resolution structures obtained from small angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation and geometrical constraints derived from hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX), crosslinking mass spectrometry, electron microscopy, Förster resonance energy transfer, and electron spin resonance. Recently published low resolution structures of nascent and spherical HDL obtained from SANS with contrast variation and isotopic labeling of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) will be critically reviewed and discussed in terms of how they accommodate existing biophysical structural data from alternative approaches. The new low resolution structures revealed and also provided some answers to long standing questions concerning lipid organization and particle maturation of lipoproteins. The review will discuss the merits of newly proposed SANS based all atom models for nascent and spherical HDL, and compare them with accepted models. Finally, naturally occurring and bioengineered mutations in apoA-I, and their impact on HDL phenotype, are reviewed and discuss together with new therapeutics employed for restoring HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State UniversityCleveland, OH, USA; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and the Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland ClinicCleveland, OH, USA
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Cornelius RM, Macri J, Cornelius KM, Brash JL. Interactions of Apolipoproteins AI, AII, B and HDL, LDL, VLDL with Polyurethane and Polyurethane-PEO Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12087-12095. [PMID: 26513526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, VLDL) are important components of blood present in high concentration. Surprisingly, their role in blood-biomaterial interactions has been largely ignored. In previous work apolipoprotein AI (the main protein component of HDL) was identified as a major constituent of protein layers adsorbed from plasma to biomaterials having a wide range of surface properties, and quantitative data on the adsorption of apo AI to a biomedical grade polyurethane were reported. In the present communication quantitative data on the adsorption of apo AI, apo AII and apoB (the latter being a constituent of LDL and VLDL), as well as the lipoprotein particles themselves (HDL, LDL, VLDL), to a biomedical segmented polyurethane (PU) with and without an additive containing poly(ethylene oxide) (material referred to as PEO) are reported. Using radiolabeled apo AI, apo AII, and apoB, adsorption levels on PU from buffer at a protein concentration of 50 μg/mL were found to be 0.34, 0.40, and 0.14 μg/cm(2) (12, 23, and 0.25 nmol/cm(2)) respectively. Adsorption to the PEO surface was <0.02 μg/cm(2) for all three apolipoproteins demonstrating the strong protein resistance of this material. In contrast to the apolipoproteins, significant amounts of the lipoproteins were found to adsorb to the PEO as well as to the PU surface. X-ray photoelectron spectra, following exposure of the surfaces to the lipoproteins, showed a strong phosphorus signal, confirming that adsorption had occurred. It therefore appears that a PEO-containing surface that is resistant to apolipoproteins may be less resistant to the corresponding lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Cornelius
- Department of Chemical Engineering ‡Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine §Department of Biology ∥School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - J Macri
- Department of Chemical Engineering ‡Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine §Department of Biology ∥School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - K M Cornelius
- Department of Chemical Engineering ‡Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine §Department of Biology ∥School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario Canada
| | - J L Brash
- Department of Chemical Engineering ‡Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine §Department of Biology ∥School of Biomedical Engineering McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario Canada
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Gajjala PR, Fliser D, Speer T, Jankowski V, Jankowski J. Emerging role of post-translational modifications in chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:1814-1824. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Lee-Rueckert M, Kovanen PT. The mast cell as a pluripotent HDL-modifying effector in atherogenesis: from in vitro to in vivo significance. Curr Opin Lipidol 2015; 26:362-8. [PMID: 26339766 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize evidence about the effects that mast cell mediators can exert on the cholesterol efflux-inducing function of high density lipoproteins (HDL). RECENT FINDINGS Subendothelially located activated mast cells are present in inflamed tissue sites, in which macrophage foam cells are also present. Upon activation, mast cells degranulate and expel 2 major neutral proteases, chymase and tryptase, and the vasoactive compound histamine, all of which are bound to the heparin-proteoglycan matrix of the granules. In the extracellular fluid, the proteases remain heparin-bound and retain their activities, whereas histamine dissociates and diffuses away to reach the endothelium. The heparin-bound mast cell proteases avidly degrade lipid-poor HDL particles so preventing their ability to induce cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells. In contrast, histamine enhances the passage of circulating HDL through the vascular endothelium into interstitial fluids, so favoring HDL interaction with peripheral macrophage foam cells and accelerating initiation of macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport. SUMMARY Mast cells exert various modulatory effects on HDL function. In this novel tissue cholesterol-regulating function, the functional balance of histamine and proteases, and the relative quantities of HDL particles in the affected microenvironment ultimately dictate the outcome of the multiple mast cell effects on tissue cholesterol content.
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Borja MS, Ng KF, Irwin A, Hong J, Wu X, Isquith D, Zhao XQ, Prazen B, Gildengorin V, Oda MN, Vaisar T. HDL-apolipoprotein A-I exchange is independently associated with cholesterol efflux capacity. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2002-9. [PMID: 26254308 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m059865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HDL is the primary mediator of cholesterol mobilization from the periphery to the liver via reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). A critical first step in this process is the uptake of cholesterol from lipid-loaded macrophages by HDL, a function of HDL inversely associated with prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that the dynamic ability of HDL to undergo remodeling and exchange of apoA-I is an important and potentially rate-limiting aspect of RCT. In this study, we investigated the relationship between HDL-apoA-I exchange (HAE) and serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) efflux capacity. We compared HAE to the total and ABCA1-specific cholesterol efflux capacity of 77 subjects. We found that HAE was highly correlated with both total (r = 0.69, P < 0.0001) and ABCA1-specific (r = 0.47, P < 0.0001) efflux, and this relationship remained significant after adjustment for HDL-C or apoA-I. Multivariate models of sterol efflux capacity indicated that HAE accounted for approximately 25% of the model variance for both total and ABCA1-specific efflux. We conclude that the ability of HDL to exchange apoA-I and remodel, as measured by HAE, is a significant contributor to serum HDL efflux capacity, independent of HDL-C and apoA-I, indicating that HDL dynamics are an important factor in cholesterol efflux capacity and likely RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kit F Ng
- Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609
| | - Angela Irwin
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Jaekyoung Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Xing Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Daniel Isquith
- Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | - Xue-Qiao Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104
| | | | | | | | - Tomáš Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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Link JC, Chen X, Prien C, Borja MS, Hammerson B, Oda MN, Arnold AP, Reue K. Increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in mice with XX versus XY sex chromosomes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1778-86. [PMID: 26112012 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in dyslipidemia are poorly understood. We aimed to distinguish genetic and hormonal regulators of sex differences in plasma lipid levels. APPROACH AND RESULTS We assessed the role of gonadal hormones and sex chromosome complement on lipid levels using the four core genotypes mouse model (XX females, XX males, XY females, and XY males). In gonadally intact mice fed a chow diet, lipid levels were influenced by both male-female gonadal sex and XX-XY chromosome complement. Gonadectomy of adult mice revealed that the male-female differences are dependent on acute effects of gonadal hormones. In both intact and gonadectomized animals, XX mice had higher HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels than XY mice, regardless of male-female sex. Feeding a cholesterol-enriched diet produced distinct patterns of sex differences in lipid levels compared with a chow diet, revealing the interaction of gonadal and chromosomal sex with diet. Notably, under all dietary and gonadal conditions, HDL-C levels were higher in mice with 2 X chromosomes compared with mice with an X and Y chromosome. By generating mice with XX, XY, and XXY chromosome complements, we determined that the presence of 2 X chromosomes, and not the absence of the Y chromosome, influences HDL-C concentration. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that having 2 X chromosomes versus an X and Y chromosome complement drives sex differences in HDL-C. It is conceivable that increased expression of genes escaping X-inactivation in XX mice regulates downstream processes to establish sexual dimorphism in plasma lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny C Link
- From the Molecular Biology Institute (J.C.L., K.R.), Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (X.C., A.P.A.), Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute (X.C., A.P.A.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (C.P., K.R.), and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (K.R.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, California (M.S.B., B.H., M.N.O.)
| | - Xuqi Chen
- From the Molecular Biology Institute (J.C.L., K.R.), Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (X.C., A.P.A.), Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute (X.C., A.P.A.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (C.P., K.R.), and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (K.R.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, California (M.S.B., B.H., M.N.O.)
| | - Christopher Prien
- From the Molecular Biology Institute (J.C.L., K.R.), Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (X.C., A.P.A.), Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute (X.C., A.P.A.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (C.P., K.R.), and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (K.R.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, California (M.S.B., B.H., M.N.O.)
| | - Mark S Borja
- From the Molecular Biology Institute (J.C.L., K.R.), Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (X.C., A.P.A.), Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute (X.C., A.P.A.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (C.P., K.R.), and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (K.R.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, California (M.S.B., B.H., M.N.O.)
| | - Bradley Hammerson
- From the Molecular Biology Institute (J.C.L., K.R.), Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (X.C., A.P.A.), Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute (X.C., A.P.A.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (C.P., K.R.), and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (K.R.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, California (M.S.B., B.H., M.N.O.)
| | - Michael N Oda
- From the Molecular Biology Institute (J.C.L., K.R.), Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (X.C., A.P.A.), Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute (X.C., A.P.A.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (C.P., K.R.), and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (K.R.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, California (M.S.B., B.H., M.N.O.)
| | - Arthur P Arnold
- From the Molecular Biology Institute (J.C.L., K.R.), Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (X.C., A.P.A.), Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute (X.C., A.P.A.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (C.P., K.R.), and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (K.R.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, California (M.S.B., B.H., M.N.O.)
| | - Karen Reue
- From the Molecular Biology Institute (J.C.L., K.R.), Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (X.C., A.P.A.), Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research Institute (X.C., A.P.A.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (C.P., K.R.), and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine (K.R.), University of California, Los Angeles; and Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, California (M.S.B., B.H., M.N.O.).
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Favari E, Chroni A, Tietge UJF, Zanotti I, Escolà-Gil JC, Bernini F. Cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:181-206. [PMID: 25522988 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Both alterations of lipid/lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory events contribute to the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque, characterized by the accumulation of abnormal amounts of cholesterol and macrophages in the artery wall. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) may counteract the pathogenic events leading to the formation and development of atheroma, by promoting the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated removal of cholesterol from the artery wall. Recent in vivo studies established the inverse relationship between RCT efficiency and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD), thus suggesting that the promotion of this process may represent a novel strategy to reduce atherosclerotic plaque burden and subsequent cardiovascular events. HDL plays a primary role in all stages of RCT: (1) cholesterol efflux, where these lipoproteins remove excess cholesterol from cells; (2) lipoprotein remodeling, where HDL undergo structural modifications with possible impact on their function; and (3) hepatic lipid uptake, where HDL releases cholesterol to the liver, for the final excretion into bile and feces. Although the inverse association between HDL plasma levels and CVD risk has been postulated for years, recently this concept has been challenged by studies reporting that HDL antiatherogenic functions may be independent of their plasma levels. Therefore, assessment of HDL function, evaluated as the capacity to promote cell cholesterol efflux may offer a better prediction of CVD than HDL levels alone. Consistent with this idea, it has been recently demonstrated that the evaluation of serum cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is a predictor of atherosclerosis extent in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Favari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Hafiane A, Genest J. High density lipoproteins: Measurement techniques and potential biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 3:175-88. [PMID: 26674734 PMCID: PMC4661556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) comprises a heterogeneous family of lipoprotein species, differing in surface charge, size and lipid and protein compositions. While HDL cholesterol (C) mass is a strong, graded and coherent biomarker of cardiovascular risk, genetic and clinical trial data suggest that the simple measurement of HDL-C may not be causal in preventing atherosclerosis nor reflect HDL functionality. Indeed, the measurement of HDL-C may be a biomarker of cardiovascular health. To assess the issue of HDL function as a potential therapeutic target, robust and simple analytical methods are required. The complex pleiotropic effects of HDL make the development of a single measurement challenging. Development of laboratory assays that accurately HDL function must be developed validated and brought to high-throughput for clinical purposes. This review discusses the limitations of current laboratory technologies for methods that separate and quantify HDL and potential application to predict CVD, with an emphasis on emergent approaches as potential biomarkers in clinical practice.
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Key Words
- 2D-PAGGE, two dimensional polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis
- ApoA-I, apolipoprotein A-I
- Apolipoprotein A-I
- Atherosclerosis
- Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk
- CHD, coronary heart disease
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- Cellular cholesterol efflux
- Coronary artery disease
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- High density lipoproteins
- LCAT, lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
- MOP, myeloperoxidase
- MS/MS, tandem-mass spectrometry
- ND-PAGGE, non-denaturant polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PON1, paraoxonase 1
- SELDI, surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization
- TOF, time-of-flight
- UTC, ultracentrifugation
- Vascular endothelial function
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Avenue des Pins West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Avenue des Pins West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
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Handa D, Kimura H, Oka T, Takechi Y, Okuhira K, Phillips MC, Saito H. Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of spontaneous exchange between high-density lipoprotein-bound and lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I. Biochemistry 2015; 54:1123-31. [PMID: 25564321 DOI: 10.1021/bi501345j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is thought that apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) spontaneously exchanges between high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound and lipid-free states, which is relevant to the occurrence of preβ-HDL particles in plasma. To improve our understanding of the mechanistic basis for this phenomenon, we performed kinetic and thermodynamic analyses for apoA-I exchange between discoidal HDL-bound and lipid-free forms using fluorescence-labeled apoA-I variants. Gel filtration experiments demonstrated that addition of excess lipid-free apoA-I to discoidal HDL particles promotes exchange of apoA-I between HDL-associated and lipid-free pools without alteration of the steady-state HDL particle size. Kinetic analysis of time-dependent changes in NBD fluorescence upon the transition of NBD-labeled apoA-I from HDL-bound to lipid-free state indicates that the exchange kinetics are independent of the collision frequency between HDL-bound and lipid-free apoA-I, in which the lipid binding ability of apoA-I affects the rate of association of lipid-free apoA-I with the HDL particles and not the rate of dissociation of HDL-bound apoA-I. Thus, C-terminal truncations or mutations that reduce the lipid binding affinity of apoA-I strongly impair the transition of lipid-free apoA-I to the HDL-bound state. Thermodynamic analysis of the exchange kinetics demonstrated that the apoA-I exchange process is enthalpically unfavorable but entropically favorable. These results explain the thermodynamic basis of the spontaneous exchange reaction of apoA-I associated with HDL particles. The altered exchangeability of dysfunctional apoA-I would affect HDL particle rearrangement, leading to perturbed HDL metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Handa
- Institute of Health Biosciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University , 1-78-1 Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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Amyloid-Forming Properties of Human Apolipoproteins: Sequence Analyses and Structural Insights. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 855:175-211. [PMID: 26149931 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17344-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins are protein constituents of lipoproteins that transport cholesterol and fat in circulation and are central to cardiovascular health and disease. Soluble apolipoproteins can transiently dissociate from the lipoprotein surface in a labile free form that can misfold, potentially leading to amyloid disease. Misfolding of apoA-I, apoA-II, and serum amyloid A (SAA) causes systemic amyloidoses, apoE4 is a critical risk factor in Alzheimer's disease, and apolipoprotein misfolding is also implicated in cardiovascular disease. To explain why apolipoproteins are over-represented in amyloidoses, it was proposed that the amphipathic α-helices, which form the lipid surface-binding motif in this protein family, have high amyloid-forming propensity. Here, we use 12 sequence-based bioinformatics approaches to assess amyloid-forming potential of human apolipoproteins and to identify segments that are likely to initiate β-aggregation. Mapping such segments on the available atomic structures of apolipoproteins helps explain why some of them readily form amyloid while others do not. Our analysis shows that nearly all amyloidogenic segments: (i) are largely hydrophobic, (ii) are located in the lipid-binding amphipathic α-helices in the native structures of soluble apolipoproteins, (iii) are predicted in both native α-helices and β-sheets in the insoluble apoB, and (iv) are predicted to form parallel in-register β-sheet in amyloid. Most of these predictions have been verified experimentally for apoC-II, apoA-I, apoA-II and SAA. Surprisingly, the rank order of the amino acid sequence propensity to form amyloid (apoB>apoA-II>apoC-II≥apoA-I, apoC-III, SAA, apoC-I>apoA-IV, apoA-V, apoE) does not correlate with the proteins' involvement in amyloidosis. Rather, it correlates directly with the strength of the protein-lipid association, which increases with increasing protein hydrophobicity. Therefore, the lipid surface-binding function and the amyloid-forming propensity are both rooted in apolipoproteins' hydrophobicity, suggesting that functional constraints make it difficult to completely eliminate pathogenic apolipoprotein misfolding. We propose that apolipoproteins have evolved protective mechanisms against misfolding, such as the sequestration of the amyloidogenic segments via the native protein-lipid and protein-protein interactions involving amphipathic α-helices and, in case of apoB, β-sheets.
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50
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Kratzer A, Giral H, Landmesser U. High-density lipoproteins as modulators of endothelial cell functions: alterations in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:350-61. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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