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Russell-Guzmán J, Américo-Da Silva L, Cadagan C, Maturana M, Palomero J, Estrada M, Barrientos G, Buvinic S, Hidalgo C, Llanos P. Activation of the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway disrupts insulin-dependent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant obese mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:187-198. [PMID: 38897422 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the activation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome have been linked to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. In immune cells, the exacerbated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, by facilitating the interaction between thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) and NLRP3. However, the precise role of ROS/TXNIP-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation in skeletal muscle during obesity-induced insulin resistance remains undefined. Here, we induced insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice by feeding them for 8 weeks with a high-fat diet (HFD) and explored whether the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway was involved in the induction of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle fibers from insulin-resistant mice exhibited increased oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde levels, and altered peroxiredoxin 2 dimerization. Additionally, these fibers displayed augmented activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, accompanied by heightened ROS-dependent proximity between TXNIP and NLRP3, which was abolished by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 or suppressing the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway with NAC restored insulin-dependent glucose uptake in muscle fibers from insulin-resistant mice. These findings provide insights into the mechanistic link between oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and obesity-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Russell-Guzmán
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380544, Chile; Pedagogy in Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, 8910123, Chile
| | - Luan Américo-Da Silva
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380544, Chile
| | - Cynthia Cadagan
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380544, Chile
| | - Martín Maturana
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380544, Chile
| | - Jesús Palomero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380000, Chile
| | - Genaro Barrientos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380000, Chile; Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Sonja Buvinic
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380544, Chile; Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380000, Chile; Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile; Department of Neurosciences and Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380544, Chile; Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile.
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Deng J, Pan T, Liu Z, McCarthy C, Vicencio JM, Cao L, Alfano G, Suwaidan AA, Yin M, Beatson R, Ng T. The role of TXNIP in cancer: a fine balance between redox, metabolic, and immunological tumor control. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1877-1892. [PMID: 37794178 PMCID: PMC10703902 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is commonly considered a master regulator of cellular oxidation, regulating the expression and function of Thioredoxin (Trx). Recent work has identified that TXNIP has a far wider range of additional roles: from regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, to cell cycle arrest and inflammation. Its expression is increased by stressors commonly found in neoplastic cells and the wider tumor microenvironment (TME), and, as such, TXNIP has been extensively studied in cancers. In this review, we evaluate the current literature regarding the regulation and the function of TXNIP, highlighting its emerging role in modulating signaling between different cell types within the TME. We then assess current and future translational opportunities and the associated challenges in this area. An improved understanding of the functions and mechanisms of TXNIP in cancers may enhance its suitability as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Pan
- Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City (Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College), Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caitlin McCarthy
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jose M Vicencio
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lulu Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital and Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Giovanna Alfano
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ali Abdulnabi Suwaidan
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), Clinical Pathology Center (CPC), Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Beatson
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), Rayne 9 Building, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Cancer Research UK City of London Centre, London, UK.
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3
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Yu A, Yu P, Zhu Y, Zhu R, Sun R, Ye D, Yu FX. Glucose-induced and ChREBP: MLX-mediated lipogenic program promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development. Oncogene 2023; 42:3182-3193. [PMID: 37684408 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The Carbohydrate Response Element (ChoRE) Binding Protein (ChREBP) and its binding partner Max-like protein X (MLX) mediate transcription of lipogenic genes under glucose-rich conditions. Dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism frequently occurs in cancers, including Hepatocellular Carcinomas (HCCs). However, it is currently unclear whether the glucose-induced lipogenic program plays a role in the development of HCCs. Here, we show that MLX expression is elevated in HCC specimens and downregulation of MLX expression inhibits proliferation of HCC cells. In mice, liver-specific knockout of Mlx results in dramatic decrease in the expression of lipogenic genes and lipid levels in circulation. Interestingly, in the absence of Mlx, the development of tumors in multiple HCC models, such as diethylnitrosamine (DEN) treatment and hydrodynamic injection of oncogenes (AKT/RAS or CTNNB1/RAS), is robustly blocked. However, a high-fat diet can partially restore tumorigenesis in Mlx-deficient livers, indicating a critical role of lipid synthesis in HCC development. In addition, liver-specific expression of a dominant negative MLX (dnMLX) via adeno-associated virus effectively blocks tumorigenesis in mice. Thus, the glucose-induced lipogenic program is required in the development of HCC, and the ChREBP: MLX transcription factors serve as a potential target for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengcheng Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renqiang Sun
- Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Huashan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Abdelwahab T, Stadler D, Knöpper K, Arampatzi P, Saliba AE, Kastenmüller W, Martini R, Groh J. Cytotoxic CNS-associated T cells drive axon degeneration by targeting perturbed oligodendrocytes in PLP1 mutant mice. iScience 2023; 26:106698. [PMID: 37182098 PMCID: PMC10172788 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin defects lead to neurological dysfunction in various diseases and in normal aging. Chronic neuroinflammation often contributes to axon-myelin damage in these conditions and can be initiated and/or sustained by perturbed myelinating glia. We have previously shown that distinct PLP1 mutations result in neurodegeneration that is largely driven by adaptive immune cells. Here we characterize CD8+ CNS-associated T cells in myelin mutants using single-cell transcriptomics and identify population heterogeneity and disease-associated changes. We demonstrate that early sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulation attenuates T cell recruitment and neural damage, while later targeting of CNS-associated T cell populations is inefficient. Applying bone marrow chimerism and utilizing random X chromosome inactivation, we provide evidence that axonal damage is driven by cytotoxic, antigen specific CD8+ T cells that target mutant myelinating oligodendrocytes. These findings offer insights into neural-immune interactions and are of translational relevance for neurological conditions associated with myelin defects and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassnim Abdelwahab
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Stadler
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Institute for Systems Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Martini
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janos Groh
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Corresponding author
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Papež M, Jiménez Lancho V, Eisenhut P, Motheramgari K, Borth N. SLAM-seq reveals early transcriptomic response mechanisms upon glutamine deprivation in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:970-986. [PMID: 36575109 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells frequently encounter subtle perturbations during recombinant protein production. Identifying the genetic factors that govern the cellular stress response can facilitate targeted genetic engineering to obtain production cell lines that demonstrate a higher stress tolerance. To simulate nutrient stress, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were transferred into a glutamine(Q)-free medium and transcriptional dynamics using thiol(SH)-linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA (SLAM-seq) along with standard RNA-seq of stressed and unstressed cells were investigated. The SLAM-seq method allows differentiation between actively transcribed, nascent mRNA, and total (previously present) mRNA in the sample, adding an additional, time-resolved layer to classic RNA-sequencing. The cells tackle amino acid (AA) limitation by inducing the integrated stress response (ISR) signaling pathway, reflected in Atf4 overexpression in the early hours post Q deprivation, leading to subsequent activation of its targets, Asns, Atf3, Ddit3, Eif4ebp1, Gpt2, Herpud1, Slc7a1, Slc7a11, Slc38a2, Trib3, and Vegfa. The GCN2-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway is confirmed by a significant halt in transcription of translation-related genes at 24 h post Q deprivation. The downregulation of lipid synthesis indicates the inhibition of the mTOR pathway, further confirmed by overexpression of Sesn2. Furthermore, SLAM-seq detects short-lived transcription factors, such as Egr1, that would have been missed in standard experimental designs with RNA-seq. Our results describe the successful establishment of SLAM-seq in CHO cells and therefore facilitate its future use in other scenarios where dynamic transcriptome profiling in CHO cells is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Papež
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Graz, Austria
| | | | - Peter Eisenhut
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Graz, Austria
| | | | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Graz, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
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6
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Wang Y, Liu J, Liu H, Sun X, Chen R, Liao B, Zeng X, Zhang X, Dong S, Xia Z, Yuan J. Slow flow induces endothelial dysfunction by regulating thioredoxin-interacting protein-mediated oxidative metabolism and vascular inflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1064375. [PMID: 36465470 PMCID: PMC9708747 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1064375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are highly sensitive to hemodynamic shear stresses, which act in the blood flow's direction on the blood vessel's luminal surface. Thus, endothelial cells on that surface are exposed to various physiological and pathological stimuli, such as disturbed flow-induced shear stress, which may exert effects on adaptive vascular diameter or structural wall remodeling. Here we showed that plasma thioredoxin-interactive protein (TXNIP) and malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in patients with slow coronary flow. In addition, human endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow exhibited increased levels of TXNIP in vitro. On the other hand, deletion of human endothelial TXNIP increased capillary formation, nitric oxide production and mitochondrial function, as well as lessened oxidative stress response and endothelial cell inflammation. Additional beneficial impacts from TXNIP deletion were also seen in a glucose utilization study, as reflected by augmented glucose uptake, lactate secretion and extracellular acidification rate. Taken together, our results suggested that TXNIP is a key component involved in mediating shear stress-induced inflammation, energy homeostasis, and glucose utilization, and that TXNIP may serve as a potentially novel endothelial dysfunction regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruimian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bihong Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaohong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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Normal and Neoplastic Growth Suppression by the Extended Myc Network. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040747. [PMID: 35203395 PMCID: PMC8870482 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the first discovered and most prominent cellular oncogenes is MYC, which encodes a bHLH-ZIP transcription factor (Myc) that both activates and suppresses numerous genes involved in proliferation, energy production, metabolism and translation. Myc belongs to a small group of bHLH-ZIP transcriptional regulators (the Myc Network) that includes its obligate heterodimerization partner Max and six "Mxd proteins" (Mxd1-4, Mnt and Mga), each of which heterodimerizes with Max and largely opposes Myc's functions. More recently, a second group of bHLH-ZIP proteins (the Mlx Network) has emerged that bears many parallels with the Myc Network. It is comprised of the Myc-like factors ChREBP and MondoA, which, in association with the Max-like member Mlx, regulate smaller and more functionally restricted repertoires of target genes, some of which are shared with Myc. Opposing ChREBP and MondoA are heterodimers comprised of Mlx and Mxd1, Mxd4 and Mnt, which also structurally and operationally link the two Networks. We discuss here the functions of these "Extended Myc Network" members, with particular emphasis on their roles in suppressing normal and neoplastic growth. These roles are complex due to the temporal- and tissue-restricted expression of Extended Myc Network proteins in normal cells, their regulation of both common and unique target genes and, in some cases, their functional redundancy.
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Liu RX, Tang W, Zheng BY, Yang Y, Li ZY, Gui T, Zhang HT, Liu N, Zha ZG, Li JX. YAP/miR-524-5p axis negatively regulates TXNIP expression to promote chondrosarcoma cell growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 590:20-26. [PMID: 34968780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma (CHS) is the second most common bone malignant tumor and currently has limited treatment options. We have recently demonstrated that thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) plays a crucial role in the oncogenesis of bone sarcoma, yet its implication in CHS is underdetermined. In the present study, we first found that knockdown of TXNIP promotes the proliferation of CHS cell largely through increasing their glycolytic metabolism, which is well-known as Warburg effect for providing energy. Consistent with our previous report that YAP is fundamental for CHS cell growth, herein we revealed that YAP functioned as an upstream molecule of TXNIP, and that YAP negatively regulated TXNIP mRNA and protein expression both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, although knockdown of YAP upregulated both the nuclear and cytoplasmic TXNIP expression, we did not observe any obvious interaction between YAP and TXNIP; instead, miRNA-524-5p was demonstrated to be required for YAP-regulated TXNIP expression and thus controlling CHS cell growth. Together, our study reveals that TXNIP is a tumor suppressor in terms of CHS, and that the YAP/miRNA-524-5p/TXNIP signaling axis may provide a novel clue for CHS targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Xu Liu
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases & the Bone and Joint Disease Institute of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wang Tang
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases & the Bone and Joint Disease Institute of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Bo-Yuan Zheng
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases & the Bone and Joint Disease Institute of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Institute of Orthopedic Diseases & the Bone and Joint Disease Institute of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, 528305, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Li
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases & the Bone and Joint Disease Institute of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Tao Gui
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases & the Bone and Joint Disease Institute of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Huan-Tian Zhang
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases & the Bone and Joint Disease Institute of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases & the Bone and Joint Disease Institute of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Zha
- Center for Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Institute of Orthopedic Diseases & the Bone and Joint Disease Institute of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Jing-Xiang Li
- NanFang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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9
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Pan SM, Pan Y, Tang YL, Zuo N, Zhang YX, Jia KK, Kong LD. Thioredoxin interacting protein drives astrocytic glucose hypometabolism in corticosterone-induced depressive state. J Neurochem 2021; 161:84-100. [PMID: 34368959 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Brain energetics disturbance is a hypothesized cause of depression. Glucose is the predominant fuel of brain energy metabolism, however, the cell-specific change of glucose metabolism and underlying molecular mechanism in depression remain unclear. In this study, we firstly applied 18 F-FDG PET and observed brain glucose hypometabolism in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of corticosterone-induced depression of rats. Next, astrocytic glucose hypometabolism was identified in PFC slices in in both corticosterone-induced depression of rats and cultured primary astrocytes from newborn rat PFC after stress-level corticosterone (100 nM) stimulation. Furthermore, we found the blockage of glucose uptake and the decrease of plasma membrane (PM) translocation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in astrocytic glucose hypometabolism under depressive condition. Interestingly, thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), a glucose metabolism sensor and controller, was found to be overexpressed in corticosterone-stimulated astrocytes in vivo and in vitro. High TXNIP level could restrict GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake in primary astrocytes in vitro. Adeno-associated virus vector-mediated astrocytic TXNIP overexpression in rat medial PFC suppressed GLUT1 PM translocation, consequently developed depressive-like behavior. Conversely, TXNIP siRNA facilitated GLUT1 PM translocation to recover glucose hypometabolism in corticosterone-exposed cultured astrocytes. Notably, astrocyte-specific knockdown of TXNIP in medial PFC of rats facilitated astrocytic GLUT1 PM translocation, showing obvious antidepressant activity. These findings provide a new astrocytic energetic perspective in the pathogenesis of depression, more importantly, provide TXNIP as a promising molecular target for novel depression therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Man Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Na Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Ke Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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10
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Saavedra-García P, Roman-Trufero M, Al-Sadah HA, Blighe K, López-Jiménez E, Christoforou M, Penfold L, Capece D, Xiong X, Miao Y, Parzych K, Caputo VS, Siskos AP, Encheva V, Liu Z, Thiel D, Kaiser MF, Piazza P, Chaidos A, Karadimitris A, Franzoso G, Snijders AP, Keun HC, Oyarzún DA, Barahona M, Auner HW. Systems level profiling of chemotherapy-induced stress resolution in cancer cells reveals druggable trade-offs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2018229118. [PMID: 33883278 PMCID: PMC8092411 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018229118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can survive chemotherapy-induced stress, but how they recover from it is not known. Using a temporal multiomics approach, we delineate the global mechanisms of proteotoxic stress resolution in multiple myeloma cells recovering from proteasome inhibition. Our observations define layered and protracted programs for stress resolution that encompass extensive changes across the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome. Cellular recovery from proteasome inhibition involved protracted and dynamic changes of glucose and lipid metabolism and suppression of mitochondrial function. We demonstrate that recovering cells are more vulnerable to specific insults than acutely stressed cells and identify the general control nonderepressable 2 (GCN2)-driven cellular response to amino acid scarcity as a key recovery-associated vulnerability. Using a transcriptome analysis pipeline, we further show that GCN2 is also a stress-independent bona fide target in transcriptional signature-defined subsets of solid cancers that share molecular characteristics. Thus, identifying cellular trade-offs tied to the resolution of chemotherapy-induced stress in tumor cells may reveal new therapeutic targets and routes for cancer therapy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Saavedra-García
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Roman-Trufero
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Hibah A Al-Sadah
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Blighe
- Clinical Bioinformatics Research, London W1B 3HH, United Kingdom
| | - Elena López-Jiménez
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Christoforou
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Penfold
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- Cellular Stress, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Daria Capece
- Centre for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaobei Xiong
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Yirun Miao
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Parzych
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina S Caputo
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros P Siskos
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Vesela Encheva
- Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Zijing Liu
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Thiel
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin F Kaiser
- Myeloma Molecular Therapy, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Piazza
- Imperial BRC Genomics Facility, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Aristeidis Chaidos
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasios Karadimitris
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Franzoso
- Centre for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Hector C Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Diego A Oyarzún
- School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio Barahona
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Holger W Auner
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom;
- The Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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11
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Kahlhofer J, Leon S, Teis D, Schmidt O. The α-arrestin family of ubiquitin ligase adaptors links metabolism with selective endocytosis. Biol Cell 2021; 113:183-219. [PMID: 33314196 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of nutrient uptake into cells is important, as it allows to either increase biomass for cell growth or to preserve homoeostasis. A key strategy to adjust cellular nutrient uptake is the reconfiguration of the nutrient transporter repertoire at the plasma membrane by the addition of nutrient transporters through the secretory pathway and by their endocytic removal. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that regulate selective nutrient transporter endocytosis, which is mediated by the α-arrestin protein family. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 14 different α-arrestins (also named arrestin-related trafficking adaptors, ARTs) function as adaptors for the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5. They instruct Rsp5 to ubiquitinate subsets of nutrient transporters to orchestrate their endocytosis. The ART proteins are under multilevel control of the major nutrient sensing systems, including amino acid sensing by the general amino acid control and target of rapamycin pathways, and energy sensing by 5'-adenosine-monophosphate-dependent kinase. The function of the six human α-arrestins is comparably under-characterised. Here, we summarise the current knowledge about the function, regulation and substrates of yeast ARTs and human α-arrestins, and highlight emerging communalities and general principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kahlhofer
- Institute for Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastien Leon
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - David Teis
- Institute for Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver Schmidt
- Institute for Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Almouhanna F, Blagojevic B, Can S, Ghanem A, Wölfl S. Pharmacological activation of pyruvate kinase M2 reprograms glycolysis leading to TXNIP depletion and AMPK activation in breast cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:5. [PMID: 33482908 PMCID: PMC7821649 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aerobic glycolysis, discovered by Otto Warburg, is a hallmark of cancer metabolism even though not yet fully understood. The low activity of the cancerous pyruvate kinase isozyme (M2) is thought to play an important role by facilitating the conversion of glycolytic intermediates to other anabolic pathways to support tumors’ high proliferation rate. Methods Five breast cancer cell lines representing different molecular subtypes were used in this study where real time measurements of cellular bioenergetics and immunoblotting analysis of energy- and nutrient-sensing pathways were employed to investigate the potential effects of PKM2 allosteric activator (DASA-58) in glucose rewiring. Results In this study, we show that DASA-58 can induce pyruvate kinase activity in breast cancer cells without affecting the overall cell survival. The drug is also able to reduce TXNIP levels (an intracellular glucose sensor) probably through depletion of upstream glycolytic metabolites and independent of AMPK and ER signaling. AMPK shows an induction in phosphorylation (T172) in response to treatment an effect that can be potentiated by combining DASA-58 with other metabolic inhibitors. Conclusions Altogether, the multifaceted metabolic reprogramming induced by DASA-58 in breast cancer cells increases their susceptibility to other therapeutics suggesting the suitability of the intracellular glucose sensor TXNIP as a marker of PK activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00239-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Almouhanna
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Biljana Blagojevic
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suzan Can
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Ghanem
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Mo Y, Lai W, Zhong Y, Hu Z, You M, Du M, Wang P, Wu X, Chen C, He H, Gao Z, Xu Y, Wang D, Cui L, Yang Y. TXNIP contributes to bone loss via promoting the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation during glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Life Sci 2020; 266:118938. [PMID: 33347878 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a promoting factor in the pathologic process of glucocorticoid - induced osteoporosis (GIO), while the mechanism is still unclear. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a vital protein responsible for regulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation elicited by mitochondrial oxidative stress, and which may activate oxidative phosphorylation under the pathogenic status. In this research, the results showed that signaling pathway associated with the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (MOP) down-regulated under conditions of TXNIP siRNA in MG63 cells. Furthermore, the evidence revealed that the expression level of TXNIP in serum and bone was elevated in a rat of GIO. Moreover, the differential proteins (Ndufs3, SDHD, Cyt B, COX IV, and ATP B) related to MOP pathway were identified to down-regulate in the proteomics of bone tissues by using isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) method in TXNIP knockout mice treated with glucocorticoid, and the proteins were also verified by simple western blot. Taken together, the present findings highlights that TXNIP involves in triggering the process of bone loss via up-regulation of the MOP pathway, resulting to GIO, while TXNIP knockout can prevent the pathogenesis of GIO to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Mo
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenxiu Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Department of Phamacy, Yuebei people's Hospital, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuoqing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meigui You
- Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Minqun Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyou Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Cailing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanmin He
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhimin Gao
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dongtao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530201, China.
| | - Liao Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yajun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Abstract
Metabolic pathways and redox reactions are at the core of life. In the past decade(s), numerous discoveries have shed light on how metabolic pathways determine the cellular fate and function of lymphoid and myeloid cells, giving rise to an area of research referred to as immunometabolism. Upon activation, however, immune cells not only engage specific metabolic pathways but also rearrange their oxidation-reduction (redox) system, which in turn supports metabolic reprogramming. In fact, studies addressing the redox metabolism of immune cells are an emerging field in immunology. Here, we summarize recent insights revealing the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the differential requirement of the main cellular antioxidant pathways, including the components of the thioredoxin (TRX) and glutathione (GSH) pathways, as well as their transcriptional regulator NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), for proliferation, survival and function of T cells, B cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Muri
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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15
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Chen K, Lang H, Wang L, Liu K, Zhou Y, Mi M. S-Equol ameliorates insulin secretion failure through Chrebp/Txnip signaling via modulating PKA/PP2A activities. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:7. [PMID: 31956333 PMCID: PMC6961363 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-0426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background S-Equol, produced from daidzein by gut microbiota, has been suggested as an potential anti-diabetic agent, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent evidences demonstrated that carbohydrate response element-binding protein (Chrebp)/Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) signaling played central roles on diabetes progression, particularly in relation to the function maintenance and apoptosis of pancreatic β-cell. Here, we investigated the effects of S-Equol on β-cell function and Chrebp/Txnip signaling. Methods Zucker diabetic fatty rats were treated with racemic Equol (120 mg/kg.BW.d) for 6 weeks. The glucose and lipid metabolism were monitored during the supplementation, and the Chrebp and Txnip expression were measured by using Western blotting. INS-1 cells were incubated with high glucose (26.2 mM) with or without S-Equol (0.1 μM, 1 μM, 10 μM) for 48 h. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was evaluated by radioimmunoassay, and the apoptosis of INS-1 cells was analyzed using Annexin V-FITC/PI and TUNEL assay. The dual luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and Western-blotting followed by Chrebp small interfering RNAs were utilized to clarify the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of S-Equol on Chrebp/Txnip signaling and the activities of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein phophatase (PP2A) were also detected. Results In vivo, Equol supplementation delayed the onset of the hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia, ameliorated insulin secretion failure, enhanced GSIS in isolated islets, and significantly reduced Chrebp and Txnip expression in islets. In vitro, S-Equol treatment enhanced GSIS of high glucose cultured INS-1 cell, and reduced apoptosis of INS-1 cells were also observed. Moreover, S-Equol dramatically suppressed Txnip transcription, as evident by the reduction of Txnip protein and mRNA levels and decrease in the Txnip promoter-driven luciferase activity. Meanwhile, S-Equol significantly inhibited Chrebp/Mlx expression and decreased occupancy of Chrebp on the Txnip promoter, and combined with siChrebp, we confirmed that S-Equol improvement of insulin secretion was partially through the Chrebp/Txnip pathway. Furthermore, S-Equol significantly decrease nuclear translocation of Chrebp, which was related with the decrease activity of protein kinase A (PKA) and the increase activity of protein phophatase (PP2A). Conclusions S-Equol could ameliorate insulin secretion failure, which was dependent on the suppression of Chrebp/Txnip signaling via modulating PKA/PP2A activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Chen
- 1Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Hedong Lang
- 1Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- 1Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- 1Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhou
- 1Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinic Nutrition, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, 401320 People's Republic of China
| | - Mantian Mi
- 1Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
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16
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Wondafrash DZ, Nire’a AT, Tafere GG, Desta DM, Berhe DA, Zewdie KA. Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Target in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Underlying Complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:43-51. [PMID: 32021350 PMCID: PMC6954842 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s232221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder which is characterized by a persistent increment of blood glucose. Globally, DM affects millions of people and the prevalence is increasing alarmingly. The critical step in the pathophysiology of DM is the loss of β-cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for the secretion of insulin. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is among the factors that control the production and loss of the pancreatic β-cells. TXNIP is an α-arrestin that can bind and inhibit thioredoxin (the antioxidant protein) which is produced in the pancreatic islet after glucose intake. Numerous studies illustrated that elevated TXNIP levels were found to induce β-cell apoptosis; whereas TXNIP deficiency protects against type I and type II diabetes by promoting β-cell survival. Nowadays, TXNIP depletion is becoming a key factor in pancreatic β-cell survival enhancement. In the present review, targeting TXNIP is found to be relevant as a unique therapeutic opportunity, not only to improve insulin secretion and sensitivity, but also ameliorating the long term microvascular and macrovascular complications of the disease. Thus, TXNIP inhibitors that could reduce the expression and/or activity of TXNIP to non-diabetic levels are promising agents to halt the alarming rate of diabetes and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, P.O. Box: 1871, Mekelle, EthiopiaTel +251910127356 Email
| | - Asmelash Tesfay Nire’a
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research and Course Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Axum University, Axum, Ethiopia
| | | | - Desilu Mahari Desta
- Clinical Pharmacy Research and Course Unit, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Demoze Asmerom Berhe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Alemayehu Zewdie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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17
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Satsu H, Gondo Y, Shimanaka H, Watari K, Fukumura M, Shimizu M. Effect of Taurine on Cell Function via TXNIP Induction in Caco-2 Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:163-172. [PMID: 31468395 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a sulfur-containing β-amino acid, is a free amino acid present in high concentrations in mammalian tissues. Taurine has pivotal roles in anti-oxidation, membrane stabilization, osmoregulation, anti-inflammation, and other process. In a DNA microarray analysis, we previously found that taurine markedly increases the mRNA expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) in Caco-2 cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of these taurine-induced changes in TXNIP on the function of Caco-2 cells. We found that taurine decreases glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner. The taurine-induced decrease in glucose uptake was completely abolished by transfection with siRNA against TXNIP, suggesting that TXNIP is involved in the taurine-induced down-regulation of glucose uptake. We also revealed that taurine induces AMPK activation and further increases the intracellular ATP content in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that taurine could regulate the function of Caco-2 cells via TXNIP induction, leading to extend our understanding of the functions of taurine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Satsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Gondo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hana Shimanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Watari
- Department of Biotechnology, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Midori Fukumura
- Department of Biotechnology, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimizu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Gboxin is an oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor that targets glioblastoma. Nature 2019; 567:341-346. [PMID: 30842654 PMCID: PMC6655586 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer specific inhibitors reflective of unique metabolic needs, are rare. We describe a novel small molecule, Gboxin, that specifically inhibits primary mouse and human glioblastoma (GBM) cell growth but not mouse embryo fibroblasts or neonatal astrocytes. Gboxin rapidly and irreversibly compromises GBM oxygen consumption. Reliant on its positive charge, Gboxin associates with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes in a proton gradient dependent manner and inhibits F0F1 ATP synthase activity. Gboxin resistant cells require a functional mitochondrial permeability transition pore that regulates pH impeding matrix accumulation. Administration of a pharmacologically stable Gboxin analog inhibits GBM allografts and patient derived xenografts. Gboxin toxicity extends to established human cancer cell lines of diverse organ origin and exposes the elevated proton gradient pH in cancer cell mitochondria as a new mode of action for antitumor reagent development.
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19
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Wilde BR, Ye Z, Lim TY, Ayer DE. Cellular acidosis triggers human MondoA transcriptional activity by driving mitochondrial ATP production. eLife 2019; 8:40199. [PMID: 30717828 PMCID: PMC6363388 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human MondoA requires glucose as well as other modulatory signals to function in transcription. One such signal is acidosis, which increases MondoA activity and also drives a protective gene signature in breast cancer. How low pH controls MondoA transcriptional activity is unknown. We found that low pH medium increases mitochondrial ATP (mtATP), which is subsequently exported from the mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondria-bound hexokinase transfers a phosphate from mtATP to cytoplasmic glucose to generate glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), which is an established MondoA activator. The outer mitochondrial membrane localization of MondoA suggests that it is positioned to coordinate the adaptive transcriptional response to a cell’s most abundant energy sources, cytoplasmic glucose and mtATP. In response to acidosis, MondoA shows preferential binding to just two targets, TXNIP and its paralog ARRDC4. Because these transcriptional targets are suppressors of glucose uptake, we propose that MondoA is critical for restoring metabolic homeostasis in response to high energy charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R Wilde
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Zhizhou Ye
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Tian-Yeh Lim
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Donald E Ayer
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
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20
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Luoma LM, Berry FB. Molecular analysis of NPAS3 functional domains and variants. BMC Mol Biol 2018; 19:14. [PMID: 30509165 PMCID: PMC6276216 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-018-0117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NPAS3 encodes a transcription factor which has been associated with multiple human psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. In mice, deletion of Npas3 was found to cause alterations in neurodevelopment, as well as a marked reduction in neurogenesis in the adult mouse hippocampus. This neurogenic deficit, alongside the reduction in cortical interneuron number, likely contributes to the behavioral and cognitive alterations observed in Npas3 knockout mice. Although loss of Npas3 has been found to affect proliferation and apoptosis, the molecular function of NPAS3 is largely uncharacterized outside of predictions based on its high homology to bHLH–PAS transcription factors. Here we set out to characterize NPAS3 as a transcription factor, and to confirm whether NPAS3 acts as predicted for a Class 1 bHLH–PAS family member. Results Through these studies we have experimentally demonstrated that NPAS3 behaves as a true transcription factor, capable of gene regulation through direct association with DNA. NPAS3 and ARNT are confirmed to directly interact in human cells through both bHLH and PAS dimerization domains. The C-terminus of NPAS3 was found to contain a functional transactivation domain. Further, the NPAS3::ARNT heterodimer was shown to directly regulate the expression of VGF and TXNIP through binding of their proximal promoters. Finally, we assessed the effects of three human variants of NPAS3 on gene regulatory function and do not observe significant deficits. Conclusions NPAS3 is a true transcription factor capable of regulating expression of target genes through their promoters by directly cooperating with ARNT. The tested human variants of NPAS3 require further characterization to identify their effects on NPAS3 expression and function in the individuals that carry them. These data enhance our understanding of the molecular function of NPAS3 and the mechanism by which it contributes to normal and abnormal neurodevelopment and neural function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12867-018-0117-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiah M Luoma
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Fred B Berry
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, 3002D Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
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21
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Abu el Maaty MA, Dabiri Y, Almouhanna F, Blagojevic B, Theobald J, Büttner M, Wölfl S. Activation of pro-survival metabolic networks by 1,25(OH) 2D 3 does not hamper the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutics. Cancer Metab 2018; 6:11. [PMID: 30181873 PMCID: PMC6116450 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously identified 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the bioactive form of vitamin D3, as a potent regulator of energy-utilization and nutrient-sensing pathways in prostate cancer cells. In the current study, we investigated the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on breast cancer (BCa) cell metabolism using cell lines representing distinct molecular subtypes, luminal (MCF-7 and T-47D), and triple-negative BCa (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and HCC-1143). METHODS 1,25(OH)2D3's effect on BCa cell metabolism was evaluated by employing a combination of real-time measurements of glycolysis/oxygen consumption rates using a biosensor chip system, GC/MS-based metabolomics, gene expression analysis, and assessment of overall energy levels. The influence of treatment on energy-related signaling molecules was investigated by immunoblotting. RESULTS We show that 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly induces the expression and activity of the pentose phosphate pathway enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in all BCa cell lines, however differentially influences glycolytic and respiratory rates in the same cells. Although 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment was found to induce seemingly anti-oxidant responses in MCF-7 cells, such as increased intracellular serine levels, and reduce the expression of its putative target gene thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were found to be elevated. Serine accumulation in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated cells was not found to hamper the efficacy of chemotherapeutics, including 5-fluorouracil. Detailed analyses of the nature of TXNIP's regulation by 1,25(OH)2D3 included genetic and pharmacological inhibition of signaling molecules and metabolic enzymes including AMP-activated protein kinase and G6PD, as well as by studying the ITCH (E3 ubiquitin ligase)-TXNIP interaction. While these investigations demonstrated minimal involvement of such pathways in the observed non-canonical regulation of TXNIP, inhibition of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling by tamoxifen mirrored the reduction of TXNIP levels by 1,25(OH)2D3, demonstrating that the latter's negative regulation of ER expression is a potential mechanism of TXNIP modulation. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, we propose that regulation of energy metabolism contributes to 1,25(OH)2D3's anti-cancer effects and that combining 1,25(OH)2D3 with drugs targeting metabolic networks in tumor cells may lead to synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abu el Maaty
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yasamin Dabiri
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fadi Almouhanna
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Biljana Blagojevic
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jannick Theobald
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Büttner
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Zhong L, Liu Q, Ting YS, Thien VY, Binti Kalong NS, Yang D, Wang MW. Adenine derivatives invert high glucose-induced thioredoxin-interacting protein overexpression. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1998-2008. [PMID: 30043441 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and β-cell apoptosis. We have previously shown that W2476 inhibited high glucose-induced TXNIP expression at both mRNA and protein levels in INS-1E cells. In this study, we describe structural modification and optimization of W2476 leading to three more active derivatives, 8d, 8g, and 9h, capable of suppressing TXNIP expression in BG73 and INS-1E cells, increasing insulin production, and reducing high glucose-induced apoptosis in INS-1E cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhong
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Sie Ting
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Vun Yien Thien
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Dehua Yang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Feingold PL, Surman DR, Brown K, Xu Y, McDuffie LA, Shukla V, Reardon ES, Crooks DR, Trepel JB, Lee S, Lee MJ, Gao S, Xi S, McLoughlin KC, Diggs LP, Beer DG, Nancarrow DJ, Neckers LM, Davis JL, Hoang CD, Hernandez JM, Schrump DS, Ripley RT. Induction of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein by a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Entinostat, Is Associated with DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2013-2023. [PMID: 29934340 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, an estimated 17,000 individuals were diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and less than 20% will survive 5 years. Positron emission tomography avidity is indicative of high glucose utilization and is nearly universal in EAC. TXNIP blocks glucose uptake and exhibits proapoptotic functions. Higher expression in EAC has been associated with improved disease-specific survival, lack of lymph node involvement, reduced perineural invasion, and increased tumor differentiation. We hypothesized that TXNIP may act as a tumor suppressor that sensitizes EAC cells to standard chemotherapeutics. EAC cell lines and a Barrett epithelial cell line were used. qRT-PCR, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence techniques evaluated gene expression. TXNIP was stably overexpressed or knocked down using lentiviral RNA transduction techniques. Murine xenograft methods examined growth following overexpression of TXNIP. Apoptosis and DNA damage were measured by annexin V and γH2AX assays. Activation of the intrinsic apoptosis was quantitated with green fluorescence protein-caspase 3 reporter assay. In cultured cells and an esophageal tissue array, TXNIP expression was higher in Barrett epithelia and normal tissue compared with EAC. Constitutive overexpression of TXNIP decreased proliferation, clonogenicity, and tumor xenograft growth. TXNIP overexpression increased, whereas knockdown abrogated, DNA damage and apoptosis following cisplatin treatment. An HDAC inhibitor, entinostat (currently in clinical trials), upregulated TXNIP and synergistically increased cisplatin-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis. TXNIP is a tumor suppressor that is downregulated in EACC. Its reexpression dramatically sensitizes these cells to cisplatin. Our findings support phase I/II evaluation of "priming" strategies to enhance the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutics in EAC. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 2013-23. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Feingold
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah R Surman
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kate Brown
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuan Xu
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lucas A McDuffie
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vivek Shukla
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily S Reardon
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel R Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shaojian Gao
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sichuan Xi
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kaitlin C McLoughlin
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laurence P Diggs
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David G Beer
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Derek J Nancarrow
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leonard M Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeremy L Davis
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chuong D Hoang
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonathan M Hernandez
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R Taylor Ripley
- Thoracic and Oncologic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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24
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Wall VZ, Barnhart S, Kanter JE, Kramer F, Shimizu-Albergine M, Adhikari N, Wight TN, Hall JL, Bornfeldt KE. Smooth muscle glucose metabolism promotes monocyte recruitment and atherosclerosis in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96544. [PMID: 29875324 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome contributes to cardiovascular disease partly through systemic risk factors. However, local processes in the artery wall are becoming increasingly recognized to exacerbate atherosclerosis both in mice and humans. We show that arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) glucose metabolism markedly synergizes with metabolic syndrome in accelerating atherosclerosis progression, using a low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mouse model. SMCs in proximity to atherosclerotic lesions express increased levels of the glucose transporter GLUT1. Cytokines, such as TNF-α produced by lesioned arteries, promote GLUT1 expression in SMCs, which in turn increases expression of the chemokine CCL2 through increased glycolysis and the polyol pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of GLUT1 in SMCs, but not in myeloid cells, accelerates development of larger, more advanced lesions in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome, which also exhibits elevated levels of circulating Ly6Chi monocytes expressing the CCL2 receptor CCR2. Accordingly, monocyte tracing experiments demonstrate that targeted SMC GLUT1 overexpression promotes Ly6Chi monocyte recruitment to lesions. Strikingly, SMC-targeted GLUT1 overexpression fails to accelerate atherosclerosis in mice that do not exhibit the metabolic syndrome phenotype or monocytosis. These results reveal a potentially novel mechanism whereby arterial smooth muscle glucose metabolism synergizes with metabolic syndrome to accelerate monocyte recruitment and atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Z Wall
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shelley Barnhart
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jenny E Kanter
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Farah Kramer
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Masami Shimizu-Albergine
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Neeta Adhikari
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Benaroya Research Institute, Matrix Biology Program, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hall
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,American Heart Association Institute for Precision Cardiovascular Medicine, Dallas, Texas USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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25
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The thioredoxin-1 system is essential for fueling DNA synthesis during T-cell metabolic reprogramming and proliferation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1851. [PMID: 29749372 PMCID: PMC5945637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) system is an important contributor to cellular redox balance and is a sensor of energy and glucose metabolism. Here we show critical c-Myc-dependent activation of the Trx1 system during thymocyte and peripheral T-cell proliferation, but repression during T-cell quiescence. Deletion of thioredoxin reductase-1 (Txnrd1) prevents expansion the CD4−CD8− thymocyte population, whereas Txnrd1 deletion in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes does not affect further maturation and peripheral homeostasis of αβT cells. However, Txnrd1 is critical for expansion of the activated T-cell population during viral and parasite infection. Metabolomics show that TrxR1 is essential for the last step of nucleotide biosynthesis by donating reducing equivalents to ribonucleotide reductase. Impaired availability of 2′-deoxyribonucleotides induces the DNA damage response and cell cycle arrest of Txnrd1-deficient T cells. These results uncover a pivotal function of the Trx1 system in metabolic reprogramming of thymic and peripheral T cells and provide a rationale for targeting Txnrd1 in T-cell leukemia. Thioredoxin (Trx), Trx reductase, Txnip and NADPH together comprise the Trx system. Here the authors make a T cell-specific thioredoxin reductase-1 knockout mouse to show how this system reprograms cellular metabolism to enable T cell development, proliferation and responses.
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26
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The Function of Thioredoxin-Binding Protein-2 (TBP-2) in Different Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4582130. [PMID: 29854083 PMCID: PMC5954861 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4582130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-binding protein-2 (TBP-2) has an important role in the redox system, but it plays a different role in many different diseases (e.g., various cancers, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease, and cataracts) by influencing cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, and metabolism. Distinct transcription factors (TFs) stimulated by different factors combine with binding sites or proteins to upregulate or downregulate TBP-2 expression, in order to respond to the change in the internal environment. Most research disclosed that the main function of TBP-2 is associating with thioredoxin (Trx) to inhibit the antioxidant capacity of Trx. Furthermore, the TBP-2 located in tissues, whether normal or abnormal, has the ability to cause the dysfunctioning of cells and even death through different pathways, such as shortening the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis or autophagy. Through these studies, we found that TBP-2 promoted the development of diseases which are involved in inflammatory and oxidative damage. To a certain extent, we believe that there is some hidden connection between the biological functions which TBP-2 participates in and some distinct diseases. This review presents only a summary of the roles that TBP-2 plays in cancer, DM, cataracts, and so on, as well as its universal mechanisms. Further investigations are needed for the cell signaling pathways of the effects caused by TBP-2. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of TBP-2 could produce potential new targets for the treatment of diseases, including cancer and diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cataracts.
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27
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Alhawiti NM, Al Mahri S, Aziz MA, Malik SS, Mohammad S. TXNIP in Metabolic Regulation: Physiological Role and Therapeutic Outlook. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 18:1095-1103. [PMID: 28137209 PMCID: PMC5543564 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170130145514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) also known as thioredoxin binding protein-2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein that interacts and negatively regulates expression and function of Thioredoxin (TXN). Over the last few years, TXNIP has attracted considerable attention due to its wide-ranging functions impacting several aspects of energy metabolism. TXNIP acts as an important regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism through pleiotropic actions including regulation of β-cell function, hepatic glucose production, peripheral glucose uptake, adipogenesis, and substrate utilization. Overexpression of TXNIP in animal models has been shown to induce apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells, reduce insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues like skeletal muscle and adipose, and decrease energy expenditure. On the contrary, TXNIP deficient animals are protected from diet induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Summary: Consequently, targeting TXNIP is thought to offer novel therapeutic opportunity and TXNIP inhibitors have the potential to become a powerful therapeutic tool for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Here we summarize the current state of our understanding of TXNIP biology, highlight its role in metabolic regulation and raise critical questions that could help future research to exploit TXNIP as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Mohammad Alhawiti
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Al Mahri
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Aziz
- Colorectal Cancer Research Program, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuja Shafi Malik
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Mohammad
- Experimental Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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28
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Mohamed IN, Sarhan NR, Eladl MA, El-Remessy AB, El-Sherbiny M. Deletion of Thioredoxin-interacting protein ameliorates high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through modulation of Toll-like receptor 2-NLRP3-inflammasome axis: Histological and immunohistochemical study. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:242-254. [PMID: 29482933 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endemic prevalence of obesity is associated with alarming increases in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with limited available therapeutics. Toll-like receptor2 (TLR2) and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) Inflammasome are implicated in hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis; the histological landmark stages of NASH. TXNIP, a member of α-arrestin family activates NLRP3 in response to various danger stimuli. The aim of current work was to investigate the effect of TXNIP genetic deletion on histological manifestations of high fat diet-induced steatohepatitis and activation of TLR2-NLRP3-inflammasome axis. Wild-type mice (WT) and TXNIP knock out (TKO) littermates were randomized to normal diet (WT-ND and TKO-ND) or high fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) (WT-HFD and TKO-HFD). After 8-weeks, liver samples from all groups were evaluated by histological, immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. HFD resulted in significant induction of micro and macrovesicular hepatic steatosis, that was associated with increased inflammatory immune cell infiltration in WT-HFD compared with WT-ND and TKO-ND controls, but not in TKO-HFD group. In parallel, WT-HFD group showed significant fibrosis and α-SMA expression; a marker of pro-fibrotic stellate-cell activation, in areas surrounding the central vein and portal circulation, versus all other groups. Western blot revealed increased activation of TLR2-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and downstream IL-1β and TNFα in WT-HFD group, but not in TKO-HFD group. IL-1β expression coincided within the same areas of steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition and α-SMA expression in WT-HFD mice, that was significantly reduced in TKO-HFD mice. In conclusion, TXNIP deletion ameliorates the HFD-induced steatosis, inflammatory and fibrotic response via modulation of TLR2-NLRP3 inflammasome axis. Targeting TXNIP-TLR2-NLRP3 pathway may provide potential therapeutic modalities for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam N Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA; Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Nahla Reda Sarhan
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Azza B El-Remessy
- Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Medicine, Al-Maarefa College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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29
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Kumar A, Mittal R. Mapping Txnip: Key connexions in progression of diabetic nephropathy. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 70:614-622. [PMID: 29684849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies demonstrates the major involvement of inflammatory and apoptotic pathway in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. The cross talk between inflammatory and apoptotic pathway suggests Txnip as a molecular connexion in progression of disease state. Txnip modulates inflammatory pathway (via ROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activity) and apoptotic pathway (via mTOR pathway). The key contribution of Txnip in both the pathways, reflects, its crucial role in diabetic nephropathy. In the present review, we have first provided an overview of diabetic nephropathy and Txnip system, followed by the mechanistic insight of Txnip in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. This new mechanistic approach suggests to explore Txnip modulators as a promising therapeutic drug target in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Ruchika Mittal
- Neuropharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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30
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Deletion of TXNIP Mitigates High-Fat Diet-Impaired Angiogenesis and Prevents Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Critical Limb Ischemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6030047. [PMID: 28661427 PMCID: PMC5618075 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous work demonstrated that high-fat diet (HFD) triggered thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and that silencing TXNIP prevents diabetes-impaired vascular recovery. Here, we examine the impact of genetic deletion of TXNIP on HFD-impaired vascular recovery using hind limb ischemia model. Methods: Wild type mice (WT, C57Bl/6) and TXNIP knockout mice (TKO) were fed either normal chow diet (WT-ND and TKO-ND) or 60% high-fat diet (WT-HFD and TKO-HFD). After four weeks of HFD, unilateral hind limb ischemia was performed and blood flow was measured using Laser doppler scanner at baseline and then weekly for an additional three weeks. Vascular density, nitrative stress, infiltration of CD68+ macrophages, and expression of inflammasome, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 were examined by slot blot, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results: By week 8, HFD caused similar increases in weight, cholesterol and triglycerides in both WT and TKO. At week 4 and week 8, HFD significantly impaired glucose tolerance in WT and to a lesser extent in TKO. HFD significantly impaired blood flow and vascular density (CD31 labeled) in skeletal muscle of WT mice compared to ND but not in TKO. HFD and ischemia significantly induced tyrosine nitration, and systemic IL-1β and infiltration of CD68+ cells in skeletal muscle from WT but not from TKO. HFD significantly increased cleaved-caspase-1 and IL-1 β compared to ND. Under both ND, ischemia tended to increase VEGF expression and increased VEGFR2 activation in WT only but not TKO. Conclusion: Similar to prior observation in diabetes, HFD-induced obesity can compromise vascular recovery in response to ischemic insult. The mechanism involves increased TXNIP-NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome activation, nitrative stress and impaired VEGFR2 activation. Deletion of TXNIP restored blood flow, reduced nitrative stress and blunted inflammasome-mediated inflammation; however, it did not impact VEGF/VEGFR2 in HFD. Targeting TXNIP-NLRP3 inflammasome can provide potential therapeutic target in obesity-induced vascular complication.
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Ahn B, Soundarapandian MM, Sessions H, Peddibhotla S, Roth GP, Li JL, Sugarman E, Koo A, Malany S, Wang M, Yea K, Brooks J, Leone TC, Han X, Vega RB, Kelly DP. MondoA coordinately regulates skeletal myocyte lipid homeostasis and insulin signaling. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3567-79. [PMID: 27500491 DOI: 10.1172/jci87382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular lipid accumulation is a common manifestation of chronic caloric excess and obesity that is strongly associated with insulin resistance. The mechanistic links between lipid accumulation in myocytes and insulin resistance are not completely understood. In this work, we used a high-throughput chemical biology screen to identify a small-molecule probe, SBI-477, that coordinately inhibited triacylglyceride (TAG) synthesis and enhanced basal glucose uptake in human skeletal myocytes. We then determined that SBI-477 stimulated insulin signaling by deactivating the transcription factor MondoA, leading to reduced expression of the insulin pathway suppressors thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and arrestin domain-containing 4 (ARRDC4). Depleting MondoA in myocytes reproduced the effects of SBI-477 on glucose uptake and myocyte lipid accumulation. Furthermore, an analog of SBI-477 suppressed TXNIP expression, reduced muscle and liver TAG levels, enhanced insulin signaling, and improved glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet. These results identify a key role for MondoA-directed programs in the coordinated control of myocyte lipid balance and insulin signaling and suggest that this pathway may have potential as a therapeutic target for insulin resistance and lipotoxicity.
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Zhu HJ, Wang DG, Yan J, Xu J. Up-regulation of microRNA-135a protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by decreasing TXNIP expression in diabetic mice. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:2661-2671. [PMID: 26885264 PMCID: PMC4731664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The heart in diabetic state is sensitive to myocardial ischemia reperfusion (mI/R) injury. In the present study, we investigated the potential mechanisms of modulating mI/R injury in diabetic state. METHODS Diabetic db/db mice and control non-diabetic mice were administrated with mI/R injury or sham operation. Mouse atrial-derived cardiac cell line HL-1 subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) was used as in vitro model of I/R injury to the heart. RESULTS Compared with normal mice, mI/R elevated the levels of myocardial infarct size, apoptosis and TXNIP expression (in mRNA and protein) in diabetic mice. Myocardial miR-135a expression level was reduced in diabetic mice regardless of mI/R treatment or not. MiR-135a overexpression protected myocardial cells from mI/R injury in diabetic mice. In vitro, high glucose incubation contributed to a significant down-regulation of miR-135a and up-regulation of TXNIP in cells with or without H/R treatment. Luciferase reporter assay showed that TXNIP was a target gene of miR-135a. MiR-135a overexpression protected HL-1 cells from H/R injury in high glucose condition, while this effect was reversed by up-regulated TXNIP. CONCLUSION miR-135a protects against mI/R injury by decreasing TXNIP expression in diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230001, China
| | - De-Guo Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu 241001, China
| | - Ji Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230001, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230001, China
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Wilde BR, Ayer DE. Interactions between Myc and MondoA transcription factors in metabolism and tumourigenesis. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1529-33. [PMID: 26469830 PMCID: PMC4705882 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis is a common feature of
transformed cells and can be driven by a network of transcription factors. It is
well established that c-Myc and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
(HIF-1α) contribute to metabolic reprogramming by driving the
expression of glycolytic target genes. More recently, the c-Myc-related
transcription factor MondoA has been shown to restrict glucose uptake and
aerobic glycolysis via its induction of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP).
Three recent studies demonstrate that complex and cancer type-specific
interactions between c-Myc, MondoA and HIF-1α underlie
metabolism, tumourigenesis and drug response. In triple-negative breast cancer,
c-Myc blocks MondoA-dependent activation of TXNIP to stimulate aerobic
glycolysis. In contrast, in neuroblastoma, N-Myc requires MondoA for metabolic
reprogramming and tumourigenesis. Finally, the therapeutic response of
BRAFV600E melanoma cells to vemurafenib requires downregulation
of c-Myc and HIF-1α and upregulation of MondoA-TXNIP, and the
subsequent reprogramming away from aerobic glycolysis. In this minireview we
highlight the findings in these three studies and present a working model to
explain why c-Myc and MondoA function cooperatively in some cancers and
antagonistically in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R Wilde
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5550, USA
| | - Donald E Ayer
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5550, USA
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Li X, Kover KL, Heruth DP, Watkins DJ, Moore WV, Jackson K, Zang M, Clements MA, Yan Y. New Insight Into Metformin Action: Regulation of ChREBP and FOXO1 Activities in Endothelial Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1184-94. [PMID: 26147751 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been considered a potential adjunctive therapy in treating poorly controlled type 1 diabetes with obesity and insulin resistance, owing to its potent effects on improving insulin sensitivity. However, the underlying mechanism of metformin's vascular protective effects remains obscure. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a key regulator of cellular redox state induced by high-glucose concentration, decreases thioredoxin reductase activity and mediates apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Here we report that high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with induction of TXNIP expression in primary human aortic endothelial cells exposed to high-glucose conditions, whereas the metformin treatment suppresses high-glucose-induced TXNIP expression at mRNA and protein levels. We further show that metformin decreases the high-glucose-stimulated nuclear entry rate of two transcription factors, carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), as well as their recruitment on the TXNIP promoter. An AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor partially compromised these metformin effects. Our data suggest that endothelial dysfunction resulting from high-glucose concentrations is associated with TXNIP expression. Metformin down-regulates high-glucose-induced TXNIP transcription by inactivating ChREBP and FOXO1 in endothelial cells, partially through AMP-activated protein kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Karen L Kover
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Daniel P Heruth
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Dara J Watkins
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Wayne V Moore
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Kathyrin Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Mengwei Zang
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Mark A Clements
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
| | - Yun Yan
- Division of Endocrinology (X.L., K.L.K., D.J.W., W.V.M., K.J., M.A.C., Y.Y.), Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics (D.P.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108; and Department of Medicine (M.Z.), Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02481
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Ruszkiewicz J, Albrecht J. Changes of the thioredoxin system, glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity in rat brain cortex during acute liver failure: modulation by L-histidine. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:293-300. [PMID: 25161077 PMCID: PMC4326661 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione and thioredoxin are complementary antioxidants in the protection of mammalian tissues against oxidative–nitrosative stress (ONS), and ONS is a principal cause of symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) associated with acute liver failure (ALF). We compared the activities of the thioredoxin system components: thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and the expression of the thioredoxin-interacting protein, and of the key glutathione metabolizing enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the cerebral cortex of rats with ALF induced by thioacetamide (TAA). ALF increased the Trx and TrxR activity without affecting Trip protein expression, but decreased GPx activity in the brains of TAA-treated rats. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the brain was increased by ALF suggesting that upregulation of the thioredoxin may act towards compensating impaired protection by the glutathione system. Intraperitoneal administration of l-histidine (His), an amino acid that was earlier reported to prevent acute liver failure-induced mitochondrial impairment and brain edema, abrogated most of the acute liver failure-induced changes of both antioxidant systems, and significantly increased TAC of both the control and ALF-affected brain. These observations provide further support for the concept of that His has a potential to serve as a therapeutic antioxidant in HE. Most of the enzyme activity changes evoked by His or ALF were not well correlated with alterations in their expression at the mRNA level, suggesting complex translational or posttranslational mechanisms of their modulation, which deserve further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ruszkiewicz
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland,
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Role of carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) in generating an aerobic metabolic phenotype and in breast cancer progression. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:715-23. [PMID: 24366300 PMCID: PMC3915128 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lipogenic transcription factor carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) may play a key role in malignant progression of breast cancer by allowing metabolic adaptations to take place in response to changes in oxygenation. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of ChREBP was carried out in human breast tumour tissue microarrays representative of malignant progression from normal breast through to metastatic cancer. The ChREBP protein and mRNA expressions were then analysed in a series of breast cancers for correlative analysis with common and breast-specific hypoxia signatures, and survival. RESULTS In invasive ductal carcinoma, ChREBP correlated significantly with mean 'downregulated' hypoxia scores (r=0.3, P<0.015, n=67) and in two distinct breast progression arrays, ChREBP protein also increased with malignant progression (P<0.001). However, bioinformatic analysis of a large data set (2136 cases) revealed an apparent reversal in the relationship between ChREBP mRNA level and clinical outcome - not only being significantly correlated with increased survival (log rank P<0.001), but also downregulated in malignant tissue compared with adjacent normal tissue. CONCLUSION The ChREBP expression may be reflective of an aerobic metabolic phenotype that may conflict with hypoxia-induced signalling but provide a mechanism for growth at the oxygenated edge of the tumours.
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Iverson SV, Eriksson S, Xu J, Prigge JR, Talago EA, Meade TA, Meade ES, Capecchi MR, Arnér ES, Schmidt EE. A Txnrd1-dependent metabolic switch alters hepatic lipogenesis, glycogen storage, and detoxification. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 63:369-80. [PMID: 23743293 PMCID: PMC3827783 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Besides helping to maintain a reducing intracellular environment, the thioredoxin (Trx) system impacts bioenergetics and drug metabolism. We show that hepatocyte-specific disruption of Txnrd1, encoding Trx reductase-1 (TrxR1), causes a metabolic switch in which lipogenic genes are repressed and periportal hepatocytes become engorged with glycogen. These livers also overexpress machinery for biosynthesis of glutathione and conversion of glycogen into UDP-glucuronate; they stockpile glutathione-S-transferases and UDP-glucuronyl-transferases; and they overexpress xenobiotic exporters. This realigned metabolic profile suggested that the mutant hepatocytes might be preconditioned to more effectively detoxify certain xenobiotic challenges. Hepatocytes convert the pro-toxin acetaminophen (APAP, paracetamol) into cytotoxic N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). APAP defenses include glucuronidation of APAP or glutathionylation of NAPQI, allowing removal by xenobiotic exporters. We found that NAPQI directly inactivates TrxR1, yet Txnrd1-null livers were resistant to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Txnrd1-null livers did not have more effective gene expression responses to APAP challenge; however, their constitutive metabolic state supported more robust GSH biosynthesis, glutathionylation, and glucuronidation systems. Following APAP challenge, this effectively sustained the GSH system and attenuated damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya V. Iverson
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Sofi Eriksson
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Justin R. Prigge
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Emily A. Talago
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Tesia A. Meade
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Erin S. Meade
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | | | - Elias S.J. Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edward E. Schmidt
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
- CRB, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
- Correspondence: EE Schmidt, PO Box 173610, Bozeman, MT 59718, ph. (406) 994-6375,
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MondoA senses adenine nucleotides: transcriptional induction of thioredoxin-interacting protein. Biochem J 2013; 453:209-18. [PMID: 23631812 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The MondoA-Mlx transcription complex plays a pivotal role in glucose homoeostasis by activating target gene expression in response to G6P (glucose 6-phosphate), the first reaction intermediate in glycolysis. TXNIP (thioredoxin-interacting protein) is a direct and glucose-responsive target of MondoA that triggers a negative-feedback loop by restricting glucose uptake when G6P levels increase. We show in the present study that TXNIP expression is also activated by AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribofuranoside) and adenosine. Using pharmacological inhibitors and genetic knockdowns of purine metabolic enzymes, we establish that TXNIP induction by AICAR and adenosine requires their cellular uptake and metabolism to adenine nucleotides. AICAR induction of TXNIP depended on MondoA, but was independent of AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation and calcium. The findings of the present study have two important implications. First, in addition to activating AMPK, AICAR may have AMPK-independent effects on gene expression by regulating MondoA-Mlx activity following its flux into the adenine nucleotide pool. Secondly, MondoA-Mlx complexes sense elevated levels of G6P and adenine nucleotides to trigger a TXNIP-dependent feedback inhibition of glycolysis. We propose that this mechanism serves as a checkpoint to restore metabolic homoeostasis.
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Hand LE, Saer BRC, Hui ST, Jinnah HA, Steinlechner S, Loudon ASI, Bechtold DA. Induction of the metabolic regulator Txnip in fasting-induced and natural torpor. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2081-91. [PMID: 23584857 PMCID: PMC3740491 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Torpor is a physiological state characterized by controlled lowering of metabolic rate and core body temperature, allowing substantial energy savings during periods of reduced food availability or harsh environmental conditions. The hypothalamus coordinates energy homeostasis and thermoregulation and plays a key role in directing torpor. We recently showed that mice lacking the orphan G protein-coupled receptor Gpr50 readily enter torpor in response to fasting and have now used these mice to conduct a microarray analysis of hypothalamic gene expression changes related to the torpor state. This revealed a strong induction of thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) in the hypothalamus of torpid mice, which was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. In situ hybridization identified the ependyma lining the third ventricle as the principal site of torpor-related expression of Txnip. To characterize further the relationship between Txnip and torpor, we profiled Txnip expression in mice during prolonged fasting, cold exposure, and 2-deoxyglucose-induced hypometabolism, as well as in naturally occurring torpor bouts in the Siberian hamster. Strikingly, pronounced up-regulation of Txnip expression was only observed in wild-type mice when driven into torpor and during torpor in the Siberian hamster. Increase of Txnip was not limited to the hypothalamus, with exaggerated expression in white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and liver also demonstrated in torpid mice. Given the recent identification of Txnip as a molecular nutrient sensor important in the regulation of energy metabolism, our data suggest that elevated Txnip expression is critical to regulating energy expenditure and fuel use during the extreme hypometabolic state of torpor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Hand
- Faculty of Life Sciences, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Lee S, Kim SM, Lee RT. Thioredoxin and thioredoxin target proteins: from molecular mechanisms to functional significance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1165-207. [PMID: 22607099 PMCID: PMC3579385 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin (Trx) system is one of the central antioxidant systems in mammalian cells, maintaining a reducing environment by catalyzing electron flux from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate through Trx reductase to Trx, which reduces its target proteins using highly conserved thiol groups. While the importance of protecting cells from the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species is clear, decades of research in this field revealed that there is a network of redox-sensitive proteins forming redox-dependent signaling pathways that are crucial for fundamental cellular processes, including metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Trx participates in signaling pathways interacting with different proteins to control their dynamic regulation of structure and function. In this review, we focus on Trx target proteins that are involved in redox-dependent signaling pathways. Specifically, Trx-dependent reductive enzymes that participate in classical redox reactions and redox-sensitive signaling molecules are discussed in greater detail. The latter are extensively discussed, as ongoing research unveils more and more details about the complex signaling networks of Trx-sensitive signaling molecules such as apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, Trx interacting protein, and phosphatase and tensin homolog, thus highlighting the potential direct and indirect impact of their redox-dependent interaction with Trx. Overall, the findings that are described here illustrate the importance and complexity of Trx-dependent, redox-sensitive signaling in the cell. Our increasing understanding of the components and mechanisms of these signaling pathways could lead to the identification of new potential targets for the treatment of diseases, including cancer and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lee
- The Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Kanari Y, Sato Y, Aoyama S, Muta T. Thioredoxin-interacting protein gene expression via MondoA is rapidly and transiently suppressed during inflammatory responses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59026. [PMID: 23520550 PMCID: PMC3592832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas accumulating evidence indicates that a number of inflammatory genes are induced by activation of nuclear factor-κB and other transcription factors, less is known about genes that are suppressed by proinflammatory stimuli. Here we show that expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is dramatically suppressed both in mRNA and protein levels upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide in mouse and human macrophages. In addition to lipopolysaccharide, a Toll-like receptor 4 ligand, stimulation with other Toll-like receptor ligands such as CpG DNA also suppressed Txnip expression. Not only the Toll-like receptor ligands, but also other proinflammatory stimulators, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α elicited the similar response in fibroblasts. Suppression of Txnip by lipopolysaccharide is accompanied by a decrease of the glucose sensing transcription factor MondoA in the nuclei and dissociation of the MondoA:Mlx complex that bound to the carbohydrate-response elements in the Txnip promoter in unstimulated cells. Lipopolysaccharide-mediated decrease of nuclear MondoA was inhibited in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose. Furthermore, blockage of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by iodoacetate alleviated the suppression of Txnip mRNA by lipopolysaccharide, suggesting the involvement of glucose-metabolites in the regulation. Since Txnip is implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism, this observation links between inflammatory responses and metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Kanari
- Laboratory of Cell Recognition and Response, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence Program, Center for Ecosystem Management Adapting to Global Change, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoru Aoyama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Muta
- Laboratory of Cell Recognition and Response, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence Program, Center for Ecosystem Management Adapting to Global Change, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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New tricks from an old dog: mitochondrial redox signaling in cellular inflammation. Semin Immunol 2013; 24:384-92. [PMID: 23391428 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O(2)(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) have long been implicated as pro-inflammatory, yet the sources of ROS and the molecular mechanisms by which they enhance inflammation have been less clear. Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of inflammation mediated by the innate immune system have allowed these issues to be revisited. Although the Nox2 NADPH oxidases generate the bulk of ROS for antimicrobial host defense, recent studies have found that NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production can actually dampen macrophage inflammatory responses to sterile pro-inflammatory stimuli. Instead, production of mitochondrial ROS has emerged as an important factor in both host defense and sterile inflammation. Excess mitochondrial ROS can be generated by either damage to the respiratory chain or by alterations of mitochondrial function such as those that increase membrane potential and reduce respiratory electron carriers. In autoinflammatory diseases, where key components of innate immune responses are activated by genetic mutations or environmental stimuli, inflammation has been found to be particularly sensitive to inhibition of mitochondrial ROS production. These findings have highlighted mitochondrial ROS as a novel generator of pro-inflammatory ROS and a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases.
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Massollo M, Marini C, Brignone M, Emionite L, Salani B, Riondato M, Capitanio S, Fiz F, Democrito A, Amaro A, Morbelli S, Piana M, Maggi D, Cilli M, Pfeffer U, Sambuceti G. Metformin temporal and localized effects on gut glucose metabolism assessed using 18F-FDG PET in mice. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:259-66. [PMID: 23287574 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.106666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the course of metformin treatment, staging abdominal cancer lesions with (18)F-FDG PET images is often hindered by the presence of a high bowel radioactivity. The present study aimed to verify the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. METHODS Fifty-three mice were submitted to dynamic acquisitions of (18)F-FDG kinetics under fasting conditions. Three small-animal PET scans were obtained over a 4-mo study period. The animals were subdivided into 4 groups according to the following metformin administration protocol: group 1, untreated mice (n = 15); group 2, mice exposed to metformin treatment (750 mg/kg/d) for the 48 h before each PET study (pulsed, n = 10); group 3, mice treated for the whole study period (prolonged, n = 10); and group 4, mice in which prolonged treatment was interrupted 48 h before PET (interrupted, n = 8). The rate constant of (18)F-FDG uptake was estimated by Patlak analysis. At the end of the study, the ileum and colon were harvested, washed, and counted ex vivo. Two further groups, of 5 animals each, were included to evaluate the effect of prolonged metformin treatment on phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) form and gene expression for thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). RESULTS Pulsed treatment did not modify gut tracer retention with respect to the untreated group. Conversely, prolonged treatment induced a progressive increase in (18)F-FDG uptake that selectively involved the colonic wall, without any significant contamination of bowel content. This effect persisted after a complete drug washout in the interrupted group. These responses were paralleled by increased pAMPK availability and by reduced expression of TXNIP messenger RNA in colonic enterocytes exposed to prolonged metformin treatment. CONCLUSION Metformin causes a selective increase in colonic (18)F-FDG uptake. This effect appears after a relatively long period of treatment and persists soon after drug washout. Accordingly, the increased bowel glucose metabolism reflects a biologic response to chronic metformin treatment characterized by increased levels of pAMPK and reduced levels of TXNIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Massollo
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS San Martino-IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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44
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Glucose induces protein targeting to glycogen in hepatocytes by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate-mediated recruitment of MondoA to the promoter. Mol Cell Biol 2012. [PMID: 23207906 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01576-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the liver, a high glucose concentration activates transcription of genes encoding glucose 6-phosphatase and enzymes for glycolysis and lipogenesis by elevation in phosphorylated intermediates and recruitment of the transcription factor ChREBP (carbohydrate response element binding protein) and its partner, Mlx, to gene promoters. A proposed function for this mechanism is intracellular phosphate homeostasis. In extrahepatic tissues, MondoA, the paralog of ChREBP, partners with Mlx in transcriptional induction by glucose. We tested for glucose induction of regulatory proteins of the glycogenic pathway in hepatocytes and identified the glycogen-targeting proteins, G(L) and PTG (protein targeting to glycogen), as being encoded by Mlx-dependent glucose-inducible genes. PTG induction by glucose was MondoA dependent but ChREBP independent and was enhanced by forced elevation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and by additional xylitol-derived metabolites. It was counteracted by selective depletion of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate with a bisphosphatase-active kinase-deficient variant of phosphofructokinase 2/fructosebisphosphatase 2, which prevented translocation of MondoA to the nucleus and recruitment to the PTG promoter. We identify a novel role for MondoA in the liver and demonstrate that elevated fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is essential for recruitment of MondoA to the PTG promoter. Phosphometabolite activation of MondoA and ChREBP and their recruitment to target genes is consistent with a mechanism for gene regulation to maintain intracellular phosphate homeostasis.
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Abstract
The pyridine nucleotides NAD(+) and NADP(+) play a pivotal role in regulating intermediary metabolism in the heart. The intracellular NAD(+)/NADH ratio controls flux through various dehydrogenase enzymes involved in both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism and also regulates posttranslational protein modification. The intracellular NADP(+)/NADPH ratio controls flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and the polyol pathway, while also regulating ion channel function and oxidative stress. Not only does the NAD(+)/NADH ratio regulate the rates of ATP production, it can also modify energy substrate preference. For instance, in many forms of heart disease a greater contribution from fatty acids for oxidative energy metabolism increases fatty acid β-oxidation-derived NADH, which can activate pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase isoforms that inhibit PDH and subsequent glucose oxidation. As such, novel therapies that overcome fatty acid β-oxidation-induced inhibition of PDH improve cardiac efficiency and subsequent function during ischemia/reperfusion and in heart failure. Furthermore, recent studies have implicated a pivotal role for increased PPP-derived NADPH in mediating oxidative stress observed in heart failure. In this article, we review the multiple actions of NAD(+)/NADH and NADP(+)/NADPH in regulating intermediary metabolism in the heart. A better understanding of the roles of NAD(+)/NADH and NADP(+)/NADPH in cellular physiology and pathology could potentially be used to exploit pyridine nucleotide modification in the treatment of a number of different forms of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Ussher
- 423 Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Diaz-Moralli S, Ramos-Montoya A, Marin S, Fernandez-Alvarez A, Casado M, Cascante M. Target metabolomics revealed complementary roles of hexose- and pentose-phosphates in the regulation of carbohydrate-dependent gene expression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E234-42. [PMID: 22569070 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00675.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that mediates glucose signaling in mammalian liver, leading to the expression of different glycolytic and lipogenic genes, such as pyruvate kinase (L-PK) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). The current model for ChREBP activation in response to sugar phosphates holds that glucose metabolization to xylulose 5-phosphate (X-5-P) triggers the activation of protein phosphatase 2A, which dephosphorylates ChREBP and leads to its nuclear translocation and activation. However, evidence indicates that glucose 6-phosphate (G-6-P) is the most likely signal metabolite for the glucose-induced transcription of these genes. The glucose derivative that is responsible for carbohydrate-dependent gene expression remains to be identified. The difficulties in measuring G-6-P and X-5-P concentrations simultaneously and in changing them independently have hindered such identification. To discriminate between these possibilities, we adapted a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method to identify and quantify sugar phosphates in human hepatocarcinoma cells (Hep G2) and rat hepatocytes in response to different carbon sources and in the presence/absence of a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor. We also used this method to demonstrate that these cells could not metabolize 2-deoxyglucose beyond 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate. The simultaneous quantification of sugar phosphates and FAS and L-PK expression levels demonstrated that both X-5-P and G-6-P play a role in the modulation of gene expression. In conclusion, this report presents for the first time a single mechanism that incorporates the effects of X-5-P and G-6-P on the enhancement of the expression of carbohydrate-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Diaz-Moralli
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Chai TF, Hong SY, He H, Zheng L, Hagen T, Luo Y, Yu FX. A potential mechanism of metformin-mediated regulation of glucose homeostasis: inhibition of Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) gene expression. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1700-5. [PMID: 22561086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metformin (dimethylbiguanide) is widely used among diabetic patients to lower the blood sugar level. Although several mechanisms have been proposed, its mode of action in enhancing peripheral glucose uptake and inhibiting hepatic glucose production is not fully understood. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is known to play important roles in glucose metabolism by inhibiting cellular glucose uptake and metabolism and promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis. The expression of the gene encoding Txnip is regulated in a glucose dependent manner via the Mondo:MLX transcription factor complex. In the present study, we report that Txnip mRNA as well as protein expression in cultured cells is markedly reduced upon metformin administration. The binding of Mondo:MLX to the Txnip gene promoter is reduced, suggesting that the transcription of the Txnip gene is repressed by metformin. Moreover, we show that the effect of metformin on Txnip gene transcription is due to the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and increased glycolysis, and is partially mediated by the AMP activated kinase (AMPK). These observations prompt us to propose that the novel action of metformin on the Txnip gene expression may contribute to its therapeutic effects in the treatment of type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Fan Chai
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Spindel ON, World C, Berk BC. Thioredoxin interacting protein: redox dependent and independent regulatory mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:587-96. [PMID: 21929372 PMCID: PMC3270053 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP, also termed VDUP1 for vitamin D upregulated protein or TBP2 for thioredoxin-binding protein) was originally discovered by virtue of its strong regulation by vitamin D. Recently, TXNIP has been found to regulate the cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) state by binding to and inhibiting thioredoxin (TRX) in a redox-dependent fashion. RECENT ADVANCES Studies of the Hcb-19 mouse, TXNIP nonsense mutated mouse, demonstrate redox-mediated roles in lipid and glucose metabolism, cardiac function, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Exciting recent data indicate important roles for TXNIP in redox independent signaling. Specifically, sequence analysis revealed that TXNIP is a member of the classical visual/β-arrestin superfamily, and is one of the six members of the arrestin domain-containing (ARRDC, or α-arrestin) family. CRITICAL ISSUES Although the function of α-arrestins is not well known, recent studies suggest roles in endocytosis and protein ubiquitination through PPxY motifs in their C-terminal tails. Importantly, the ability of TXNIP to inhibit glucose uptake was found to be independent of TRX binding. Further investigation showed that several metabolic functions of TXNIP were due to the arrestin domains, thus further supporting the importance of redox independent functions of TXNIP. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Since TXNIP transcription and protein stability are highly regulated by multiple tissue-specific stimuli, it appears that TXNIP should be a good therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded N. Spindel
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Cameron World
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Bradford C. Berk
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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Wang XQ, Nigro P, World C, Fujiwara K, Yan C, Berk BC. Thioredoxin interacting protein promotes endothelial cell inflammation in response to disturbed flow by increasing leukocyte adhesion and repressing Kruppel-like factor 2. Circ Res 2012; 110:560-8. [PMID: 22267843 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.256362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Endothelial cells (EC) at regions exposed to disturbed flow (d-flow) are predisposed to inflammation and the subsequent development of atherosclerosis. We previously showed that thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) was required for tumor necrosis factor-mediated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of TXNIP in d-flow-induced cell adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction with vessels, and the mechanisms by which TXNIP suppresses athero-protective gene expression. METHODS AND RESULTS Using en face staining of mouse aorta, we found a dramatic increase of TXNIP in EC at sites exposed to d-flow as compared to steady flow. EC-specific TXNIP (EC-TXNIP) knockout mice showed significant decreases in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA expression in the d-flow regions of mouse aorta. Intravital microscopy of mesenteric venules showed that leukocyte rolling time was decreased, whereas rolling velocity was increased significantly in EC-TXNIP knockout mice. In vitro experiments using a cutout flow chamber to generate varying flow patterns showed that increased TXNIP was required for d-flow-induced EC-monocyte adhesion. Furthermore, we found that the expression of Kruppel-like factor 2, a key anti-inflammatory transcription factor in EC, was inhibited by TXNIP. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that TXNIP was present within a repressing complex on the Kruppel-like factor 2 promoter. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the essential role for TXNIP in mediating EC-leukocyte adhesion under d-flow, as well as define a novel mechanism by which TXNIP acts as a transcriptional corepressor to regulate Kruppel-like factor 2-dependent gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qun Wang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, 601 Elmwood Avenue, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Curcumin prevents high fat diet induced insulin resistance and obesity via attenuating lipogenesis in liver and inflammatory pathway in adipocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e28784. [PMID: 22253696 PMCID: PMC3253779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanisms underlying the attenuation of body weight gain and insulin resistance in response to high fat diet (HFD) by the curry compound curcumin need to be further explored. Although the attenuation of the inflammatory pathway is an accepted mechanism, a recent study suggested that curcumin stimulates Wnt signaling pathway and hence suppresses adipogenic differentiation. This is in contrast with the known repressive effect of curcumin on Wnt signaling in other cell lineages. Methodology and Principal Findings We conducted the examination on low fat diet, or HFD fed C57BL/6J mice with or without curcumin intervention for 28 weeks. Curcumin significantly attenuated the effect of HFD on glucose disposal, body weight/fat gain, as well as the development of insulin resistance. No stimulatory effect on Wnt activation was observed in the mature fat tissue. In addition, curcumin did not stimulate Wnt signaling in vitro in primary rat adipocytes. Furthermore, curcumin inhibited lipogenic gene expression in the liver and blocked the effects of HFD on macrophage infiltration and the inflammatory pathway in the adipose tissue. Conclusions and Significance We conclude that the beneficial effect of curcumin during HFD consumption is mediated by attenuating lipogenic gene expression in the liver and the inflammatory response in the adipose tissue, in the absence of stimulation of Wnt signaling in mature adipocytes.
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