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Rakotoarivelo V, Mayer TZ, Simard M, Flamand N, Di Marzo V. The Impact of the CB 2 Cannabinoid Receptor in Inflammatory Diseases: An Update. Molecules 2024; 29:3381. [PMID: 39064959 PMCID: PMC11279428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of inflammatory diseases is a heavy burden on modern societies. Cannabis has been used for several millennia to treat inflammatory disorders such as rheumatism or gout. Since the characterization of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, the potential of cannabinoid pharmacotherapy in inflammatory conditions has received great interest. Several studies have identified the importance of these receptors in immune cell migration and in the production of inflammatory mediators. As the presence of the CB2 receptor was documented to be more predominant in immune cells, several pharmacological agonists and antagonists have been designed to treat inflammation. To better define the potential of the CB2 receptor, three online databases, PubMed, Google Scholar and clinicaltrial.gov, were searched without language restriction. The full texts of articles presenting data on the endocannabinoid system, the CB2 receptor and its role in modulating inflammation in vitro, in animal models and in the context of clinical trials were reviewed. Finally, we discuss the clinical potential of the latest cannabinoid-based therapies in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volatiana Rakotoarivelo
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire De Cardiologie Et De Pneumologie de Québec, Département of Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
| | - Thomas Z. Mayer
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire De Cardiologie Et De Pneumologie de Québec, Département of Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, and Centre NUTRISS, École de Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
| | - Mélissa Simard
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire De Cardiologie Et De Pneumologie de Québec, Département of Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire De Cardiologie Et De Pneumologie de Québec, Département of Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire De Cardiologie Et De Pneumologie de Québec, Département of Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, and Centre NUTRISS, École de Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
- Joint International Unit between the CNR of Italy and Université Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Québec City, QC G1V 0V6, Canada
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Guo Y, Wei X, Pei J, Yang H, Zheng XL. Dissecting the role of cannabinoids in vascular health and disease. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31373. [PMID: 38988064 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Cannabis, often recognized as the most widely used illegal psychoactive substance globally, has seen a shift in its legal status in several countries and regions for both recreational and medicinal uses. This change has brought to light new evidence linking cannabis consumption to various vascular conditions. Specifically, there is an association between cannabis use and atherosclerosis, along with conditions such as arteritis, reversible vasospasm, and incidents of aortic aneurysm or dissection. Recent research has started to reveal the mechanisms connecting cannabinoid compounds to atherosclerosis development. It is well known that the primary biological roles of cannabinoids operate through the activation of cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2. Manipulation of the endocannabinoid system, either genetically or pharmacologically, is emerging as a promising approach to address metabolic dysfunctions related to obesity. Additionally, numerous studies have demonstrated the vasorelaxant properties and potential atheroprotective benefits of cannabinoids. In preclinical trials, cannabidiol is being explored as a treatment option for monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Although existing literature suggests a direct role of cannabinoids in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the correlation between cannabinoids and other vascular diseases was only reported in some case series or observational studies, and its role and precise mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize and update previously published studies. This review article aims to summarize the latest clinical and experimental research findings on the relationship between cannabis use and vascular diseases. It also seeks to shed light on the potential mechanisms underlying these associations, offering a comprehensive view of current knowledge in this evolving field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoyun Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junyu Pei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Haibo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Cui Sun M, Otálora-Alcaraz A, Prenderville JA, Downer EJ. Toll-like receptor signalling as a cannabinoid target. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116082. [PMID: 38438052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have become a focus in biomedicine and biomedical research given the roles of this unique family of innate immune proteins in immune activation, infection, and autoimmunity. It is evident that TLR dysregulation, and subsequent alterations in TLR-mediated inflammatory signalling, can contribute to disease pathogenesis, and TLR targeted therapies are in development. This review highlights evidence that cannabinoids are key regulators of TLR signalling. Cannabinoids include component of the plant Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa), synthetic and endogenous ligands, and overall represent a class of compounds whose therapeutic potential and mechanism of action continues to be elucidated. Cannabinoid-based medicines are in the clinic, and are furthermore under intense investigation for broad clinical development to manage symptoms of a range of disorders. In this review, we present an overview of research evidence that signalling linked to a range of TLRs is targeted by cannabinoids, and such cannabinoid mediated effects represent therapeutic avenues for further investigation. First, we provide an overview of TLRs, adaptors and key signalling events, alongside a summary of evidence that TLRs are linked to disease pathologies. Next, we discuss the cannabinoids system and the development of cannabinoid-based therapeutics. Finally, for the bulk of this review, we systematically outline the evidence that cannabinoids (plant-derived cannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and endogenous cannabinoid ligands) can cross-talk with innate immune signalling governed by TLRs, focusing specifically on each member of the TLR family. Cannabinoids should be considered as key regulators of signalling controlled by TLRs, and such regulation should be a major focus in terms of the anti-inflammatory propensity of the cannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Cui Sun
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Almudena Otálora-Alcaraz
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jack A Prenderville
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Transpharmation Ireland Limited, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eric J Downer
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Shang J, Hines S, Makarczyk MJ, Lin H, Hogan MV, Yan A. Influence of the Synthetic Cannabinoid Agonist on Normal and Inflamed Cartilage: An In Vitro Study. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1502. [PMID: 37892184 PMCID: PMC10604475 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical marijuana (versus Marijuana derivatives) has been reported to possess analgesic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies in animal models of arthritis showed that cannabinoids, a group of compounds produced from marijuana, may attenuate joint damage. However, whether marijuana byproducts can suppress osteoarthritis (OA)-associated cartilage degradation has not been previously reported. In this study, human chondrocytes were isolated from healthy articular cartilage, expanded in vitro, and subjected to pellet culture in a chondrogenic medium to form cartilage tissues. We first examined the influence of marijuana byproducts on normal cartilage by treating chondrocyte-derived tissues with a synthetic cannabinoid agonist, Win-55,212-2 (Win), at different concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 µM. After treatment, the tissue phenotype was assessed using glycosaminoglycan (GAG) assay and real-time PCR. Next, cartilage tissues were pre-treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to generate an inflamed phenotype and then cultured with Win to assess its therapeutic potential. The results showed that at concentrations lower than 1 µM, Win treatment did not significantly impair chondrocyte growth or cartilage formation capacity, but at a high level (>10 µM), it remarkably suppressed cell proliferation. Interestingly, under the condition of IL-1β pre-treatment, Win was able to partially preserve the cartilage matrix and decrease the production of interleukin-6, although the protective effect was mild. Taken together, our results indicated that the variable effects of Win on chondrocytes occur in a concentration-dependent manner. Whether cannabinoid derivatives can be used to treat cartilage degradation or can alter other structural changes in OA deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyinzi Shang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (J.S.)
| | - Sophie Hines
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (J.S.)
| | - Meagan J. Makarczyk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (J.S.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (J.S.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - MaCalus V. Hogan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (J.S.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- MBA Kaufmann Medical Building, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1011, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alan Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (J.S.)
- MBA Kaufmann Medical Building, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1011, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Zhao M, Zheng Z, Yin Z, Zhang J, Qin J, Wan J, Wang M. Resolvin D2 and its receptor GPR18 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: A promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106832. [PMID: 37364787 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CVMDs). Anti-inflammation strategies and those that promote inflammation resolution have gradually become potential therapeutic approaches for CVMDs. Resolvin D2 (RvD2), a specialized pro-resolving mediator, exerts anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects through its receptor GPR18, a G protein-coupled receptor. Recently, the RvD2/GPR18 axis has received more attention due to its protective role in CVMDs, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischaemiareperfusion, and diabetes. Here, we introduce basic information about RvD2 and GPR18, summarize their roles in different immune cells, and review the therapeutic potential of the RvD2/GPR18 axis in CVMDs. In summary, RvD2 and its receptor GPR18 play an important role in the occurrence and development of CVMDs and are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zihui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Juanjuan Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Center for Healthy Aging, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Tang TYC, Kim JS, Das A. Role of omega-3 and omega-6 endocannabinoids in cardiopulmonary pharmacology. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 97:375-422. [PMID: 37236765 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are derived from dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and play an important role in regulation of inflammation, development, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. They elicit this effect via interactions with cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 which are also targeted by plant derived cannabinoid from cannabis. The evidence of the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in cardiopulmonary function comes from studies that show that cannabis consumption leads to cardiovascular effect such as arrythmia and is beneficial in lung cancer patients. Moreover, omega-3 and omega-6 endocannabinoids play several important roles in cardiopulmonary system such as causing airway relaxation, suppressing atherosclerosis and hypertension. These effects are mediated via the cannabinoids receptors that are abundant in the cardiopulmonary system. Overall, this chapter reviews the known role of phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids in the cardiopulmonary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Y-C Tang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences. Georgia Institute of Technology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Justin S Kim
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences. Georgia Institute of Technology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Aditi Das
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences. Georgia Institute of Technology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Changes in TRPV1 Expression as Well as Substance P and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Levels Are Associated with Recurrence of Pterygium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415692. [PMID: 36555331 PMCID: PMC9779225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterygium, a disease of the ocular surface, is characterized by the proliferation and invasion of fibrovascular tissue. Chronic inflammation contributes to pterygium occurrence. Sensory neuropeptides of TRPV1-positive nerve fibers are involved in inflammation and corneal wound healing. The possible association between TRPV1 in nerve fibers and neuropeptides such as Substance P (SP) and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in the recurrence of pterygium has not been examined before. The pterygia from 64 patients were used to determine changes in SP and VIP levels using 10 min acetic-acid extraction that yielded mainly neuronal peptides. There was a sufficient amount of pterygium tissues from the 35 patients for further immunohistochemical analysis of TRPV1 and S100, which is a glial marker to visualize nerve fibers. SP and VIP levels increased markedly in cases with primary and secondary recurrences, and there was a close correlation between SP and VIP levels. TRPV1 expression increased in the epithelium, while stromal expression decreased in recurrences. Nerve fibers were demonstrated mainly in the stroma, and serial sections confirmed the localization of TRPV1 with the nerve fibers. These results together with previous findings demonstrated that the increased epithelial expression of TRPV1 in recurrent pterygia might be involved in the pathogenesis, and the inhibition of epithelial TRPV1 activity may prevent recurrence.
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Díaz-Reval MI, Cárdenas Y, Huerta M, Trujillo X, Sánchez-Pastor EA, González-Trujano ME, Virgen-Ortíz A, Pérez-Hernández MG. Activation of Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptors Synergizes the Effect of Systemic Ibuprofen in a Pain Model in Rat. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080910. [PMID: 35893735 PMCID: PMC9394297 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological synergism is a current strategy for the treatment of pain. However, few studies have been explored to provide evidence of the possible synergism between a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a cannabinoid agonist, in order to establish which combinations might be effective to manage pain. The aim of this study was to explore the synergism between ibuprofen (IBU) and the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) to improve pain relief by analyzing the degree of participation of the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the possible antinociceptive synergism using an experimental model of pain in Wistar rats. First, the effective dose thirty (ED30) of IBU (10, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg, subcutaneous) and WIN (3, 10, and 30 µg/p, intraplantar) were evaluated in the formalin test. Then, the constant ratio method was used to calculate the doses of IBU and WIN to be administered in combination (COMB) to determine the possible synergism using the isobolographic method. The participation of the CB1 and CB2 receptors was explored in the presence of the antagonists AM281 and AM630, respectively. The combination of these drugs produced a supra-additive response with an interaction index of 0.13. In addition, AM281 and AM630 antagonists reversed the synergistic effect in 45% and 76%, respectively, suggesting that both cannabinoid receptors are involved in this synergism, with peripheral receptors playing a relevant role. In conclusion, the combination of IBU + WIN synergism is mainly mediated by the participation of the CB2 receptor, which can be a good option for the better management of pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Irene Díaz-Reval
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico; (Y.C.); (M.H.); (X.T.); (E.A.S.-P.); (A.V.-O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yolitzy Cárdenas
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico; (Y.C.); (M.H.); (X.T.); (E.A.S.-P.); (A.V.-O.)
| | - Miguel Huerta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico; (Y.C.); (M.H.); (X.T.); (E.A.S.-P.); (A.V.-O.)
| | - Xóchitl Trujillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico; (Y.C.); (M.H.); (X.T.); (E.A.S.-P.); (A.V.-O.)
| | - Enrique Alejandro Sánchez-Pastor
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico; (Y.C.); (M.H.); (X.T.); (E.A.S.-P.); (A.V.-O.)
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de Mexico 14370, Mexico;
| | - Adolfo Virgen-Ortíz
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico; (Y.C.); (M.H.); (X.T.); (E.A.S.-P.); (A.V.-O.)
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He Q, Yin J, Zou B, Guo H. WIN55212-2 alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting macrophage glycolysis through the miR-29b-3p/FOXO3/PFKFB3 axis. Mol Immunol 2022; 149:119-128. [PMID: 35810663 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe organ dysfunction caused by sepsis. WIN55212-2 (WIN) is a cannabinoid receptor agonist. Activation of cannabinoid type 2 receptor can alleviate septic lung injury. Therefore, the effects of WIN on sepsis-related ALI were evaluated. METHODS MiR-29b-3p, FOXO3 and PFKFB3 levels, as well as M1 and M2 macrophage markers were assessed by RT-qPCR in MH-S cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and WIN treatment. ChIP and dual luciferase reporter assays determined molecules interactions. Glycolysis-related proteins were evaluated by Western blotting assay. Lactic acid and ATP were also tested. Furthermore, the effect of WIN was tested in sepsis mice model. HE staining evaluated the histopathological changes in mouse lung tissues. The number of inflammatory cells and macrophages, protein concentration and lactic acid content were detected in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RESULTS We found that WIN suppressed M1 polarization and glycolysis in alveolar macrophages induced by LPS. Moreover, WIN inhibited FOXO3 by up-regulating miR-29b-3p. Furthermore, we verified that FOXO3 induced macrophage M1 polarization and glycolysis through activating PFKFB3. In vivo, WIN alleviated ALI in mice with sepsis. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that WIN inhibits macrophage glycolysis through the miR-29b-3p/ FOXO3/PFKFB3 axis, suggesting new therapeutic targets to alleviate sepsis-related ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan He
- Department of Emergency/EICU, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Emergency/EICU, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Baisong Zou
- Department of Emergency/EICU, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Hui Guo
- Center of Stomatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, PR China.
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Ramkumar V, Sheth S, Dhukhwa A, Al Aameri R, Rybak L, Mukherjea D. Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Auditory Functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1158-1170. [PMID: 34465184 PMCID: PMC9221156 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are cation-gated channels that serve as detectors of various sensory modalities, such as pain, heat, cold, and taste. These channels are expressed in the inner ear, suggesting that they could also contribute to the perception of sound. This review provides more details on the different types of TRP channels that have been identified in the cochlea to date, focusing on their cochlear distribution, regulation, and potential contributions to auditory functions. Recent Advances: To date, the effect of TRP channels on normal cochlear physiology in mammals is still unclear. These channels contribute, to a limited extent, to normal cochlear physiology such as the hair cell mechanoelectrical transduction channel and strial functions. More detailed information on a number of these channels in the cochlea awaits future studies. Several laboratories focusing on TRPV1 channels have shown that they are responsive to cochlear stressors, such as ototoxic drugs and noise, and regulate cytoprotective and/or cell death pathways. TRPV1 expression in the cochlea is under control of oxidative stress (produced primarily by NOX3 NADPH oxidase) as well as STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factors, which differentially modulate inflammatory and apoptotic signals in the cochlea. Inhibition of oxidative stress or inflammation reduces the expression of TRPV1 channels and protects against cochlear damage and hearing loss. Critical Issues: TRPV1 channels are activated by both capsaicin and cisplatin, which produce differential effects on the inner ear. How these differential actions are produced is yet to be determined. It is clear that TRPV1 is an essential component of cisplatin ototoxicity as knockdown of these channels protects against hearing loss. In contrast, activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin protected against subsequent hearing loss induced by cisplatin. The cellular targets that are influenced by these two drugs to account for their differential profiles need to be fully elucidated. Furthermore, the potential involvement of different TRP channels present in the cochlea in regulating cisplatin ototoxicity needs to be determined. Future Directions: TRPV1 has been shown to mediate the entry of aminoglycosides into the hair cells. Thus, novel otoprotective strategies could involve designing drugs to inhibit entry of aminoglycosides and possibly other ototoxins into cochlear hair cells. TRP channels, including TRPV1, are expressed on circulating and resident immune cells. These receptors modulate immune cell functions. However, whether they are activated by cochlear stressors to initiate cochlear inflammation and ototoxicity needs to be determined. A better understanding of the function and regulation of these TRP channels in the cochlea could enable development of novel treatments for treating hearing loss. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1158-1170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickram Ramkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Sandeep Sheth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Larkin University College of Pharmacy, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Asmita Dhukhwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Raheem Al Aameri
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Leonard Rybak
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Debashree Mukherjea
- Department of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA
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11
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Joffre J, Wong E, Lawton S, Lloyd E, Nguyen N, Xu F, Sempio C, Kobzik L, Zlatanova I, Schumacher M, Klawitter J, Su H, Rabl K, Wilhelmsen K, Yeh CC, Hellman J. N-Oleoyl dopamine induces IL-10 via central nervous system TRPV1 and improves endotoxemia and sepsis outcomes. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:118. [PMID: 35610647 PMCID: PMC9131699 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) participates in thermosensation and inflammatory pain, but its immunomodulatory mechanisms remain enigmatic. N-Oleoyl dopamine (OLDA), an endovanilloid and endocannabinoid, is a TRPV1 agonist that is produced in the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. We studied the anti-inflammatory effects and TRPV1-dependent mechanisms of OLDA in models of inflammation and sepsis. Methods Mice were challenged intratracheally or intravenously with LPS, or intratracheally with S. aureus to induce pneumonia and sepsis, and then were treated intravenously with OLDA. Endpoints included plasma cytokines, leukocyte activation marker expression, mouse sepsis scores, lung histopathology, and bacterial counts. The role of TRPV1 in the effects of OLDA was determined using Trpv1−/− mice, and mice with TRPV1 knockdown pan-neuronally, in peripheral nervous system neurons, or in myeloid cells. Circulating monocytes/macrophages were depleted using clodronate to determine their role in the anti-inflammatory effects of OLDA in endotoxemic mice. Levels of exogenous OLDA, and of endovanilloids and endocannabinoids, at baseline and in endotoxemic mice, were determined by LC–MS/MS. Results OLDA administration caused an early anti-inflammatory response in endotoxemic and septic mice with high serum levels of IL-10 and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. OLDA also reduced lung injury and improved mouse sepsis scores. Blood and lung bacterial counts were comparable between OLDA- and carrier-treated mice with S. aureus pneumonia. OLDA’s effects were reversed in mice with pan-neuronal TRPV1 knockdown, but not with TRPV1 knockdown in peripheral nervous system neurons or myeloid cells. Depletion of monocytes/macrophages reversed the IL-10 upregulation by OLDA in endotoxemic mice. Brain and blood levels of endovanilloids and endocannabinoids were increased in endotoxemic mice. Conclusions OLDA has strong anti-inflammatory actions in mice with endotoxemia or S. aureus pneumonia. Prior studies focused on the role of peripheral nervous system TRPV1 in modulating inflammation and pneumonia. Our results suggest that TRPV1-expressing central nervous system neurons also regulate inflammatory responses to endotoxemia and infection. Our study reveals a neuro-immune reflex that during acute inflammation is engaged proximally by OLDA acting on neuronal TRPV1, and through a multicellular network that requires circulating monocytes/macrophages, leads to the systemic production of IL-10. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02485-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Joffre
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Erika Wong
- Pediatric Critical Care Division UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Samira Lawton
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Elliot Lloyd
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nina Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Fengyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Cristina Sempio
- Institute of Cognitive Science, CU Boulder, iC42 Integrated Solutions in Systems Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ivana Zlatanova
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Mark Schumacher
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Division of Pain Medicine, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jost Klawitter
- Institute of Cognitive Science, CU Boulder, iC42 Integrated Solutions in Systems Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Katalin Rabl
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Che-Chung Yeh
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, UCSF School of Medicine, 500 Parnassus Ave, Box 0648, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Vasincu A, Rusu RN, Ababei DC, Larion M, Bild W, Stanciu GD, Solcan C, Bild V. Endocannabinoid Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: In Pursuit of Certainty. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030440. [PMID: 35336814 PMCID: PMC8945712 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Neurodegenerative diseases represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Existing therapeutic options are limited and focus mostly on improving symptoms and reducing exacerbations. The endocannabinoid system is involved in the pathophysiology of such disorders, an idea which has been highlighted by recent scientific work. The current work focusses its attention on the importance and implications of this system and its synthetic and natural ligands in disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and multiple sclerosis. Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases are an increasing cause of global morbidity and mortality. They occur in the central nervous system (CNS) and lead to functional and mental impairment due to loss of neurons. Recent evidence highlights the link between neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases of the CNS. These are typically associated with several neurological disorders. These diseases have fundamental differences regarding their underlying physiology and clinical manifestations, although there are aspects that overlap. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is comprised of receptors (type-1 (CB1R) and type-2 (CB2R) cannabinoid-receptors, as well as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)), endogenous ligands and enzymes that synthesize and degrade endocannabinoids (ECBs). Recent studies revealed the involvement of the ECS in different pathological aspects of these neurodegenerative disorders. The present review will explore the roles of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) and pharmacological agents that modulate CBRs or ECS activity with reference to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Huntington’s Disease (HD) and multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Vasincu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.V.); (D.-C.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Răzvan-Nicolae Rusu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.V.); (D.-C.A.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela-Carmen Ababei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.V.); (D.-C.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Mădălina Larion
- Department of Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, 19 Croitorilor Street, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Anaesthetics, Midland Regional Hospital, Longford Road, Mullingar, N91 NA43 Co. Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Walther Bild
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Dumitrița Stanciu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Preclinics Department, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 8 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Veronica Bild
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.V.); (D.-C.A.); (V.B.)
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Kozłowska H, Malinowska B, Baranowska-Kuczko M, Kusaczuk M, Nesterowicz M, Kozłowski M, Müller CE, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Schlicker E. GPR18-Mediated Relaxation of Human Isolated Pulmonary Arteries. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031427. [PMID: 35163351 PMCID: PMC8836012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR18 receptor protein was detected in the heart and vasculature and appears to play a functional role in the cardiovascular system. We investigated the effects of the new GPR18 agonists PSB-MZ-1415 and PSB-MZ-1440 and the new GPR18 antagonist PSB-CB-27 on isolated human pulmonary arteries (hPAs) and compared their effects with the previously proposed, but unconfirmed, GPR18 ligands NAGly, Abn-CBD (agonists) and O-1918 (antagonist). GPR18 expression in hPAs was shown at the mRNA level. PSB-MZ-1415, PSB-MZ-1440, NAGly and Abn-CBD fully relaxed endothelium-intact hPAs precontracted with the thromboxane A2 analog U46619. PSB-CB-27 shifted the concentration-response curves (CRCs) of PSB-MZ-1415, PSB-MZ-1440, NAGly and Abn-CBD to the right; O-1918 caused rightward shifts of the CRCs of PSB-MZ-1415 and NAGly. Endothelium removal diminished the potency and the maximum effect of PSB-MZ-1415. The potency of PSB-MZ-1415 or NAGly was reduced in male patients, smokers and patients with hypercholesterolemia. In conclusion, the novel GPR18 agonists, PSB-MZ-1415 and PSB-MZ-1440, relax hPAs and the effect is inhibited by the new GPR18 antagonist PSB-CB-27. GPR18, which appears to exhibit lower activity in hPAs from male, smoking or hypercholesterolemic patients, may become a new target for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kozłowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (B.M.); (M.B.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-85-7485699
| | - Barbara Malinowska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (B.M.); (M.B.-K.)
| | - Marta Baranowska-Kuczko
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (B.M.); (M.B.-K.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kusaczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Miłosz Nesterowicz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Białystok, ul. M.C. Skłodowska 4A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Mirosław Kozłowski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Białystok, ul. M.C. Skłodowska 4A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
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Martín Giménez VM, Chuffa LGA, Simão VA, Reiter RJ, Manucha W. Protective actions of vitamin D, anandamide and melatonin during vascular inflammation: Epigenetic mechanisms involved. Life Sci 2022; 288:120191. [PMID: 34856208 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is one of the main activating stimuli of cardiovascular disease and its uncontrolled development may worsen the progression and prognosis of these pathologies. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic options to treat this condition is undoubtedly needed. In this regard, it may be better to repurpose endogenous anti-inflammatory compounds already known, in addition to synthesizing new compounds for therapeutic purposes. It is well known that vitamin D, anandamide, and melatonin are promising endogenous substances with powerful and wide-spread anti-inflammatory properties. Currently, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying these effects are often unknown. This review summarizes the potential epigenetic mechanisms by which vitamin D, anandamide, and melatonin attenuate vascular inflammation. This information could contribute to the improvement in the therapeutic management of multiple pathologies associated with blood vessel inflammation, through the pharmacological manipulation of new target sites that until now have not been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virna Margarita Martín Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Católica de Cuyo, Sede San Juan, Argentina
| | - Luiz Gustavo A Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Augusto Simão
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Walter Manucha
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Experimental Básica y Traslacional. Área de Farmacología, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina; Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IMBECU-CONICET), Argentina.
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Endocannabinoid System Attenuates Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy Through the Activation of CB1 Receptors. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1782-1799. [PMID: 34792764 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity is expressed as a dose-limiting peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN). Cannabinoid substances have been investigated for the analgesic effect. This study aimed to investigate the role of cannabinoid receptors in oxaliplatin-associated PSN. Swiss male mice received nine oxaliplatin injections (2 mg/kg, i.v.). Mechanical and thermal nociceptive tests were performed for 56 days. CB1, CB2, and c-Fos expression were assessed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal cord (SC), trigeminal ganglia (TG), spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C), and periaqueductal gray (PAG). Iba-1 expression was assessed in DRG and ATF3 in TG. Cannabidiol (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or a CB1/CB2 non-selective agonist (WIN 55,212-2; 0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) or AM251 (CB1 antagonist) or AM630 (CB2 antagonist) (3 mg/kg, i.p.) were injected before oxaliplatin. Oxaliplatin increased CB1 in DRG, SC, TG, Sp5C, and ventrolateral PAG, with no interference in CB2 expression. Cannabidiol increased CB1 in DRG, reduced mechanical hyperalgesia and c-Fos expression in DRG and SC. Additionally, WIN 55,212-2 increased CB1 in DRG, reduced mechanical hyperalgesia, cold allodynia and c-Fos expression in DRG and SC. CB1 blockage hastened the cold allodynia response, but the CB2 antagonist failed to modulate the oxaliplatin-induced nociceptive behavior. Oxaliplatin also increased Iba-1 in DRG, suggesting immune response modulation which was reduced by cannabidiol and enhanced by AM630. The modulation of the endocannabinoid system, through the CB1 receptor, attenuates the oxaliplatin-associated PNS. The activation of the endocannabinoid system could be considered as a therapeutic target for controlling oxaliplatin-associated neuropathy.
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Anti-inflammatory dopamine- and serotonin-based endocannabinoid epoxides reciprocally regulate cannabinoid receptors and the TRPV1 channel. Nat Commun 2021; 12:926. [PMID: 33568652 PMCID: PMC7876028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is a promising target to mitigate pain as the endocannabinoids are endogenous ligands of the pain-mediating receptors—cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) and TRPV1. Herein, we report on a class of lipids formed by the epoxidation of N-arachidonoyl-dopamine (NADA) and N-arachidonoyl-serotonin (NA5HT) by epoxygenases. EpoNADA and epoNA5HT are dual-functional rheostat modulators of the endocannabinoid-TRPV1 axis. EpoNADA and epoNA5HT are stronger modulators of TRPV1 than either NADA or NA5HT, and epoNA5HT displays a significantly stronger inhibition on TRPV1-mediated responses in primary afferent neurons. Moreover, epoNA5HT is a full CB1 agonist. These epoxides reduce the pro-inflammatory biomarkers IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and nitrous oxide and raise anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine in activated microglial cells. The epoxides are spontaneously generated by activated microglia cells and their formation is potentiated in the presence of anandamide. Detailed kinetics and molecular dynamics simulation studies provide evidence for this potentiation using the epoxygenase human CYP2J2. Taken together, inflammation leads to an increase in the metabolism of NADA, NA5HT and other eCBs by epoxygenases to form the corresponding epoxides. The epoxide metabolites are bioactive lipids that are potent, multi-faceted molecules, capable of influencing the activity of CB1, CB2 and TRPV1 receptors. Endocannabinoids are ligands of cannabinoid receptors and a promising target for pain management. Here, the authors report a class of lipids formed by the epoxidation of N-arachidonoyl dopamine and N-arachidonoyl serotonin by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases, which reciprocally regulate canabinoid receptors and display anti-inflammatory activity.
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Zhang X, Ye L, Huang Y, Ding X, Wang L. The potential role of TRPV1 in pulmonary hypertension: Angel or demon? Channels (Austin) 2020; 13:235-246. [PMID: 31189399 PMCID: PMC6602577 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2019.1631106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathological state defined by increased pulmonary artery pressure, the pathogenesis of which is related to genetic mutations, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), inflammation and proliferation. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) is a nonselective cation channel expressed in neural and nonneural cells, including pulmonary vessels and nerves. As a calcium channel, TRPV1 can make vessels contracted, and promote smooth muscle cells proliferation through calcium-dependent transcription factors. Activation of TRPV1 in sensory nerves can release neuropeptides, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and somatostatin (SST), which can regulate inflammation via transcription factor NF-kB. Considering the increased level of [Ca2+]i and inflammation in the pathogenesis of PH, our review summarizes the role of TRPV1 in PH with regard to [Ca2+]i, neuropeptides, and inflammation. In view of the limited research illustrating the relationship between TRPV1 and PH directly, our review also considers the role of TRPV1 in other types of vascular inflammation. Through this review, we hope to raise awareness about the function of TRPV1 in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- a The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China.,b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lifang Ye
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yu Huang
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xueyan Ding
- b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lihong Wang
- a The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China.,b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine , Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College , Hangzhou , China
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Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation alleviates septic lung injury by promoting autophagy via inhibition of inflammatory mediator release. Cell Signal 2020; 69:109556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Fitzpatrick JM, Minogue E, Curham L, Tyrrell H, Gavigan P, Hind W, Downer EJ. MyD88-dependent and -independent signalling via TLR3 and TLR4 are differentially modulated by Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in human macrophages. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 343:577217. [PMID: 32244040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are sensors of pathogen-associated molecules that trigger inflammatory signalling in innate immune cells including macrophages. All TLRs, with the exception of TLR3, promote intracellular signalling via recruitment of the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) adaptor, while TLR3 signals via Toll-Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR)-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon (IFN)-β (TRIF) adaptor to induce MyD88-independent signalling. Furthermore, TLR4 can activate both MyD88-dependent and -independent signalling (via TRIF). The study aim was to decipher the impact of the highly purified plant-derived (phyto) cannabinoids Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), when delivered in isolation and in combination (1:1), on MyD88-dependent and -independent signalling in macrophages. We employed the use of the viral dsRNA mimetic poly(I:C) and endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to induce viral TLR3 and bacterial TLR4 signalling in human Tamm-Horsfall protein-1 (THP-1)-derived macrophages, respectively. TLR3/TLR4 stimulation promoted the activation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and TLR4 promoted the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling, with downstream production of the type I IFN-β, the chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL8, and cytokine TNF-α. THC and CBD (both at 10 μM) attenuated TLR3/4-induced IRF3 activation and induction of CXCL10/IFN-β, while both phytocannabinoids failed to impact TLR4-induced IκB-α degradation and TNF-α/CXCL8 expression. The role of CB1, CB2 and PPARγ receptors in mediating the effect of THC and CBD on MyD88-independent signalling was investigated. TLRs are attractive therapeutic targets given their role in inflammation and initiation of adaptive immunity, and data herein indicate that both CBD and THC preferentially modulate TLR3 and TLR4 signalling via MyD88-independent mechanisms in macrophages. This offers mechanistic insight into the role of phytocannabinoids in modulating cellular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Mark Fitzpatrick
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor Minogue
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lucy Curham
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry Tyrrell
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip Gavigan
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Hind
- GW Research Ltd, Sovereign House, Vision Park, Histon, CB24 9BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Eric J Downer
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Cordes T, Lucas A, Divakaruni AS, Murphy AN, Cabrales P, Metallo CM. Itaconate modulates tricarboxylic acid and redox metabolism to mitigate reperfusion injury. Mol Metab 2020; 32:122-135. [PMID: 32029222 PMCID: PMC6961711 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR) drives oxidative stress and injurious metabolic processes that lead to redox imbalance, inflammation, and tissue damage. However, the key mediators of reperfusion injury remain unclear, and therefore, there is considerable interest in therapeutically targeting metabolism and the cellular response to oxidative stress. METHODS The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular, metabolic, and physiological impact of itaconate treatment to mitigate reperfusion injuries in in vitro and in vivo model systems. We conducted metabolic flux and bioenergetic studies in response to exogenous itaconate treatment in cultures of primary rat cortical neurons and astrocytes. In addition, we administered itaconate to mouse models of cerebral reperfusion injury with ischemia or traumatic brain injury followed by hemorrhagic shock resuscitation. We quantitatively characterized the metabolite levels, neurological behavior, markers of redox stress, leukocyte adhesion, arterial blood flow, and arteriolar diameter in the brains of the treated/untreated mice. RESULTS We demonstrate that the "immunometabolite" itaconate slowed tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism and buffered redox imbalance via succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition and induction of anti-oxidative stress response in primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons. The addition of itaconate to reperfusion fluids after mouse cerebral IR injury increased glutathione levels and reduced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) to improve neurological function. Plasma organic acids increased post-reperfusion injury, while administration of itaconate normalized these metabolites. In mouse cranial window models, itaconate significantly improved hemodynamics while reducing leukocyte adhesion. Further, itaconate supplementation increased survival in mice experiencing traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that itaconate transiently inhibits SDH to gradually "awaken" mitochondrial function upon reperfusion that minimizes ROS and tissue damage. Collectively, our data indicate that itaconate acts as a mitochondrial regulator that controls redox metabolism to improve physiological outcomes associated with IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thekla Cordes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo Lucas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA.
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21
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Judith Hellman, M.D., Recipient of the 2019 Excellence in Research Award. Anesthesiology 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Thakore P, Earley S. Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Endothelial Cell Calcium Signaling. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1249-1277. [PMID: 31187891 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a broadly distributed and highly specialized organ. The endothelium has a number of functions including the control of blood vessels diameter through the production and release of potent vasoactive substances or direct electrical communication with underlying smooth muscle cells, regulates the permeability of the vascular barrier, stimulates the formation of new blood vessels, and influences inflammatory and thrombotic processes. Endothelial cells that make up the endothelium express a variety of cell-surface receptors and ion channels on the plasma membrane that are capable of detecting circulating hormones, neurotransmitters, oxygen tension, and shear stress across the vascular wall. Changes in these stimuli activate signaling cascades that initiate an appropriate physiological response. Increases in the global intracellular Ca2+ concentration and localized Ca2+ signals that occur within specialized subcellular microdomains are fundamentally important components of many signaling pathways in the endothelium. The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a superfamily of cation-permeable ion channels that act as a primary means of increasing cytosolic Ca2+ in endothelial cells. Consequently, TRP channels are vitally important for the major functions of the endothelium. In this review, we provide an in-depth discussion of Ca2+ -permeable TRP channels in the endothelium and their role in vascular regulation. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1249-1277, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratish Thakore
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
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23
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Sáez JC, Contreras-Duarte S, Gómez GI, Labra VC, Santibañez CA, Gajardo-Gómez R, Avendaño BC, Díaz EF, Montero TD, Velarde V, Orellana JA. Connexin 43 Hemichannel Activity Promoted by Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and High Glucose Alters Endothelial Cell Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1899. [PMID: 30158937 PMCID: PMC6104120 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was done to elucidate whether hemichannels of a cell line derived from endothelial cells are affected by pro-inflammatory conditions (high glucose and IL-1β/TNF-α) known to lead to vascular dysfunction. We used EAhy 926 cells treated with high glucose and IL-1β/TNF-α. The hemichannel activity was evaluated with the dye uptake method and was abrogated with selective inhibitors or knocking down of hemichannel protein subunits with siRNA. Western blot analysis, cell surface biotinylation, and confocal microscopy were used to evaluate total and plasma membrane amounts of specific proteins and their cellular distribution, respectively. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ and nitric oxide (NO) signals were estimated by measuring FURA-2 and DAF-FM probes, respectively. High glucose concentration was found to elevate dye uptake, a response that was enhanced by IL-1β/TNF-α. High glucose plus IL-1β/TNF-α-induced dye uptake was abrogated by connexin 43 (Cx43) but not pannexin1 knockdown. Furthermore, Cx43 hemichannel activity was associated with enhanced ATP release and activation of p38 MAPK, inducible NO synthase, COX2, PGE2 receptor EP1, and P2X7/P2Y1 receptors. Inhibition of the above pathways prevented completely the increase in Cx43 hemichannel activity of cells treated high glucose and IL-1β/TNF-α. Both synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids (CBs) also prevented the increment in Cx43 hemichannel opening, as well as the subsequent generation and release of ATP and NO induced by pro-inflammatory conditions. The counteracting action of CBs also was extended to other endothelial alterations evoked by IL-1β/TNF-α and high glucose, including increased ATP-dependent Ca2+ dynamics and insulin-induced NO production. Finally, inhibition of Cx43 hemichannels also prevented the ATP release from endothelial cells treated with IL-1β/TNF-α and high glucose. Therefore, we propose that reduction of hemichannel activity could represent a strategy against the activation of deleterious pathways that lead to endothelial dysfunction and possibly cell damage evoked by high glucose and pro-inflammatory conditions during cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Sáez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Susana Contreras-Duarte
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo I Gómez
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria C Labra
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian A Santibañez
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosario Gajardo-Gómez
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz C Avendaño
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Esteban F Díaz
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Trinidad D Montero
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victoria Velarde
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Juan A Orellana
- Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina and Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghum Alfulaij
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Franziska Meiners
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Justin Michalek
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
- Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Helen C Turner
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI
| | - Alexander J Stokes
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chaminade University, Honolulu, HI
- Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
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25
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Peripheral modulation of the endocannabinoid system in metabolic disease. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:592-604. [PMID: 29331500 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been identified in metabolic disease. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is abundantly expressed in the brain but also expressed in the periphery. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) is more abundant in the periphery, including the immune cells. In obesity, global antagonism of overexpressed CB1 reduces bodyweight but leads to centrally mediated adverse psychological outcomes. Emerging research in isolated cultured cells or tissues has demonstrated that targeting the endocannabinoid system in the periphery alleviates the pathologies associated with metabolic disease. Further, peripheral specific cannabinoid ligands can reverse aspects of the metabolic phenotype. This Keynote review will focus on current research on the functionality of peripheral modulation of the ECS for the treatment of obesity.
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26
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27
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Assimakopoulou M, Pagoulatos D, Nterma P, Pharmakakis N. Immunolocalization of cannabinoid receptor type 1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, and transient receptor potential vanilloid channels in pterygium. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5285-5293. [PMID: 28849159 PMCID: PMC5647061 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids, as multi-target mediators, activate cannabinoid receptors and transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels. There is evidence to support a functional interaction of cannabinoid receptors and TRPV channels when they are coexpressed. Human conjunctiva demonstrates widespread cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), CB2 and TRPV channel localization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression profile for cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and TRPV channels in pterygium, an ocular surface lesion originating from the conjunctiva. Semi-serial paraffin-embedded sections from primary and recurrent pterygium samples were immunohistochemically examined with the use of specific antibodies. All of the epithelial layers in 94, 78, 96, 73 and 80% of pterygia cases, exhibited CB1, CB2, TRPV1, TRPV2 and TRPV3 cytoplasmic immunoreactivity, respectively. The epithelium of all pterygia cases (100%) showed strong, mainly nuclear, TRPV4 immunolocalization. In the pterygium stroma, scattered cells demonstrated intense CB2 immunoreactivity, whereas vascular endothelial cells were immunopositive for the cannabinoid receptors and all TRPV channels. Quantitative analyses of the immunohistochemical findings in epithelial cells demonstrated a significantly higher expression level in conjunctiva compared with primary pterygia (P=0.04) for CB1, but not for CB2 (P>0.05). Additionally, CB1 and CB2 were significantly highly expressed in primary pterygia (P=0.01), compared with recurrent pterygia. Furthermore, CB1 expression levels were significantly correlated with CB2 expression levels in primary pterygia (P=0.005), but not in recurrent pterygia (P>0.05). No significant difference was detected for all TRPV channel expression levels between pterygium (primary or recurrent) and conjunctival tissues (P>0.05). A significant correlation between the TRPV1 and TRPV3 expression levels (P<0.001) was detected independently of pterygium recurrence. Finally, TRPV channel expression was identified to be significantly higher than the expression level of cannabinoid receptors in the pterygium samples (P<0.001). The differentiated expression of cannabinoid receptors in combination with the presence of TRPV channels, in primary and recurrent pterygia, imply a potential role of these cannabinoid targets in the underlying mechanisms of pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Assimakopoulou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR‑26504 Rio, Greece
| | - Dionysios Pagoulatos
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR‑26504 Rio, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Nterma
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR‑26504 Rio, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Pharmakakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, GR‑26504 Rio, Greece
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28
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Lawton SK, Xu F, Tran A, Wong E, Prakash A, Schumacher M, Hellman J, Wilhelmsen K. N-Arachidonoyl Dopamine Modulates Acute Systemic Inflammation via Nonhematopoietic TRPV1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1465-1475. [PMID: 28701511 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
N-Arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) is an endogenous lipid that potently activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), which mediates pain and thermosensation. NADA is also an agonist of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2. We have reported that NADA reduces the activation of cultured human endothelial cells by LPS and TNF-α. Thus far, in vivo studies using NADA have focused on its neurologic and behavioral roles. In this article, we show that NADA potently decreases in vivo systemic inflammatory responses and levels of the coagulation intermediary plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in three mouse models of inflammation: LPS, bacterial lipopeptide, and polymicrobial intra-abdominal sepsis. We also found that the administration of NADA increases survival in endotoxemic mice. Additionally, NADA reduces blood levels of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide but increases the neuropeptide substance P in LPS-treated mice. We demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory effects of NADA are mediated by TRPV1 expressed by nonhematopoietic cells and provide data suggesting that neuronal TRPV1 may mediate NADA's anti-inflammatory effects. These results indicate that NADA has novel TRPV1-dependent anti-inflammatory properties and suggest that the endovanilloid system might be targeted therapeutically in acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira K Lawton
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Fengyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Alphonso Tran
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Erika Wong
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Arun Prakash
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Mark Schumacher
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and .,Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
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29
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Grabiec U, Dehghani F. N-Arachidonoyl Dopamine: A Novel Endocannabinoid and Endovanilloid with Widespread Physiological and Pharmacological Activities. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2017; 2:183-196. [PMID: 29082315 PMCID: PMC5627668 DOI: 10.1089/can.2017.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) is a member of the family of endocannabinoids to which several other N-acyldopamines belong as well. Their activity is mediated through various targets that include cannabinoid receptors or transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV)1. Synthesis and degradation of NADA are not yet fully understood. Nonetheless, there is evidence that NADA plays an important role in nociception and inflammation in the central and peripheral nervous system. The TRPV1 receptor, for which NADA is a potent agonist, was shown to be an endogenous transducer of noxious heat. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that NADA exerts protective and antioxidative properties in microglial cell cultures, cortical neurons, and organotypical hippocampal slice cultures. NADA is present in very low concentrations in the brain and is seemingly not involved in activation of the classical pathways. We believe that treatment with exogenous NADA during and after injury might be beneficial. This review summarizes the recent findings on biochemical properties of NADA and other N-acyldopamines and their role in physiological and pathological processes. These findings provide strong evidence that NADA is an effective agent to manage neuroinflammatory diseases or pain and can be useful in designing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Grabiec
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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30
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Wang Y, Plastina P, Vincken JP, Jansen R, Balvers M, ten Klooster JP, Gruppen H, Witkamp R, Meijerink J. N-Docosahexaenoyl Dopamine, an Endocannabinoid-like Conjugate of Dopamine and the n-3 Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid, Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Activation of Microglia and Macrophages via COX-2. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:548-557. [PMID: 28292183 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies indicate that the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contributes to an attenuated inflammatory status in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. To explain these effects, different mechanisms are being proposed, including those involving endocannabinoids and related signaling molecules. Many of these compounds belong to the fatty acid amides, conjugates of fatty acids with biogenic amines. Conjugates of DHA with ethanolamine or serotonin have previously been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and potentially neuroprotective properties. Here, we synthesized another amine conjugate of DHA, N-docosahexaenoyl dopamine (DHDA), and tested its immune-modulatory properties in both RAW 264.7 macrophages and BV-2 microglial cells. N-Docosahexaenoyl dopamine significantly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO), the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the chemokines macrophage-inflammatory protein-3α (CCL20) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), whereas its parent compounds, dopamine and DHA, were ineffective. Further exploration of potential effects of DHDA on key inflammatory mediators revealed that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA level and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were concentration-dependently inhibited in macrophages. In activated BV-2 cells, PGE2 production was also reduced, without changes in COX-2 mRNA levels. In addition, DHDA did not affect NF-kB activity in a reporter cell line. Finally, the immune-modulatory activities of DHDA were compared with those of N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) and similar potencies were found in both cell types. Taken together, our data suggest that DHDA, a potentially endogenous endocannabinoid, may be an additional member of the group of immune-modulating n-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Jean Paul ten Klooster
- Research Centre Technology & Innovation, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Romero-Sandoval EA, Asbill S, Paige CA, Byrd-Glover K. Peripherally Restricted Cannabinoids for the Treatment of Pain. Pharmacotherapy 2016; 35:917-25. [PMID: 26497478 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of cannabinoids for the treatment of chronic diseases has increased in the United States, with 23 states having legalized the use of marijuana. Although currently available cannabinoid compounds have shown effectiveness in relieving symptoms associated with numerous diseases, the use of cannabis or cannabinoids is still controversial mostly due to their psychotropic effects (e.g., euphoria, laughter) or central nervous system (CNS)-related undesired effects (e.g., tolerance, dependence). A potential strategy to use cannabinoids for medical conditions without inducing psychotropic or CNS-related undesired effects is to avoid their actions in the CNS. This approach could be beneficial for conditions with prominent peripheral pathophysiologic mechanisms (e.g., painful diabetic neuropathy, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy). In this article, we discuss the scientific evidence to target the peripheral cannabinoid system as an alternative to cannabis use for medical purposes, and we review the available literature to determine the pros and cons of potential strategies that can be used to this end.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alfonso Romero-Sandoval
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina
| | - Scott Asbill
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina
| | - Candler A Paige
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina
| | - Kiara Byrd-Glover
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Presbyterian College School of Pharmacy, Clinton, South Carolina
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Fitzpatrick JMK, Downer EJ. Toll-like receptor signalling as a cannabinoid target in Multiple Sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2016; 113:618-626. [PMID: 27079840 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the sensors of pathogen-associated molecules that trigger tailored innate immune intracellular signalling responses to initiate innate immune reactions. Data from the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model indicates that TLR signalling machinery is a pivotal player in the development of murine EAE. To compound this, data from human studies indicate that complex interplay exists between TLR signalling and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Cannabis-based therapies are in clinical development for the management of a variety of medical conditions, including MS. In particular Sativex®, a combination of plant-derived cannabinoids, is an oromucosal spray with efficacy in MS patients, particularly those with neuropathic pain and spasticity. Despite this, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of Sativex® in MS patients remains unclear. This review will highlight evidence that novel interplay exists between the TLR and cannabinoid systems, both centrally and peripherally, with relevance to the pathogenesis of MS. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Lipid Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the CNS'.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Mark K Fitzpatrick
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eric J Downer
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Henry RJ, Kerr DM, Finn DP, Roche M. For whom the endocannabinoid tolls: Modulation of innate immune function and implications for psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 64:167-80. [PMID: 25794989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate the innate immune response to pathogens and are critical in the host defence, homeostasis and response to injury. However, uncontrolled and aberrant TLR activation can elicit potent effects on neurotransmission and neurodegenerative cascades and has been proposed to trigger the onset of certain neurodegenerative disorders and elicit detrimental effects on the progression and outcome of established disease. Over the past decade, there has been increasing evidence demonstrating that the endocannabinoid system can elicit potent modulatory effects on inflammatory processes, with clinical and preclinical evidence demonstrating beneficial effects on disease severity and symptoms in several inflammatory conditions. This review examines the evidence supporting a modulatory effect of endocannabinoids on TLR-mediated immune responses both peripherally and centrally, and the implications for psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Henry
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel M Kerr
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Roche
- Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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Redmond WJ, Cawston EE, Grimsey NL, Stuart J, Edington AR, Glass M, Connor M. Identification of N-arachidonoyl dopamine as a highly biased ligand at cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:115-27. [PMID: 26398720 PMCID: PMC4813372 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE N-arachidonyl dopamine (NADA) has been identified as a putative endocannabinoid, but there is little information about which signalling pathways it activates. The purpose of this study was to identify the signalling pathways activated by NADA in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human or rat cannabinoid CB1 receptors were expressed in AtT20, CHO or HEK 293 cells. NADA displacement of radiolabelled cannabinoids, and CB1 receptor mediated activation of K channels or ERK phosphorylation, release of intracellular calcium ([Ca]i ) and modulation of adenylyl cyclase were measured in addition to NADA effects on CB1 receptor trafficking. KEY RESULTS At concentrations up to 30 μM, NADA failed to activate any signalling pathways via CB1 receptors, with the exception of mobilization of [Ca]i . The elevations of [Ca]i were insensitive to pertussis toxin, and reduced or abolished by blockers of Gq /11 -dependent processes including U73122, thapsigargin and a peptide antagonist of Gq /11 activation. Prolonged NADA incubation produced modest loss of cell surface CB1 receptors. The prototypical cannabinoid agonist CP55940 signalled as expected in all assays. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NADA is an ineffective agonist at most canonical cannabinoid receptor signalling pathways, but did promote mobilization of [Ca]i via Gq -dependent processes and some CB1 receptor trafficking. This signalling profile is distinct from that of any known cannabinoid, and suggests that NADA may have a unique spectrum of effects in vivo. Our results also indicate that it may be possible to identify highly biased CB1 receptor ligands displaying a subset of the pharmacological or therapeutic effects usually attributed to CB1 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Redmond
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMacquarie UniversityNSW2109Australia
| | - Erin E. Cawston
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Brain ResearchUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Natasha L. Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Brain ResearchUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Jordyn Stuart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMacquarie UniversityNSW2109Australia
| | - Amelia R. Edington
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMacquarie UniversityNSW2109Australia
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, and Centre for Brain ResearchUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Mark Connor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMacquarie UniversityNSW2109Australia
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Hellman J. Addressing the Complications of Ebola and Other Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Infections: Using Insights from Bacterial and Fungal Sepsis. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005088. [PMID: 26425845 PMCID: PMC4591006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Division of Critical Care Medicine Faculty, Biomedical Sciences and Immunology Programs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Khakpour S, Wilhelmsen K, Hellman J. Vascular endothelial cell Toll-like receptor pathways in sepsis. Innate Immun 2015; 21:827-46. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425915606525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium forms a vast network that dynamically regulates vascular barrier function, coagulation pathways and vasomotor tone. Microvascular endothelial cells are uniquely situated to play key roles during infection and injury, owing to their widespread distribution throughout the body and their constant interaction with circulating blood. While not viewed as classical immune cells, endothelial cells express innate immune receptors, including the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which activate intracellular inflammatory pathways mediated through NF-κB and the MAP kinases. TLR agonists, including LPS and bacterial lipopeptides, directly upregulate microvascular endothelial cell expression of inflammatory mediators. Intriguingly, TLR activation also modulates microvascular endothelial cell permeability and the expression of coagulation pathway intermediaries. Microvascular thrombi have been hypothesized to trap microorganisms thereby limiting the spread of infection. However, dysregulated activation of endothelial inflammatory pathways is also believed to lead to coagulopathy and increased vascular permeability, which together promote sepsis-induced organ failure. This article reviews vascular endothelial cell innate immune pathways mediated through the TLRs as they pertain to sepsis, highlighting links between TLRs and coagulation and permeability pathways, and their role in healthy and pathologic responses to infection and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Khakpour
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences and Immunology Programs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Wilhelmsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences and Immunology Programs, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Cannabinoid Ligands and Alcohol Addiction: A Promising Therapeutic Tool or a Humbug? Neurotox Res 2015; 29:173-96. [PMID: 26353844 PMCID: PMC4701763 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The vast therapeutic potential of cannabinoids of both synthetic and plant-derived origins currently makes these compounds the focus of a growing interest. Although cannabinoids are still illicit drugs, their possible clinical usefulness, including treatment of acute or neuropathic pain, have been suggested by several studies. In addition, some observations indicate that cannabinoid receptor antagonists may be useful for the treatment of alcohol dependence and addiction, which is a major health concern worldwide. While the synergism between alcohol and cannabinoid agonists (in various forms) creates undesirable side effects when the two are consumed together, the administration of CB1 antagonists leads to a significant reduction in alcohol consumption. Furthermore, cannabinoid antagonists also mitigate alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Herein, we present an overview of studies focusing on the effects of cannabinoid ligands (agonists and antagonists) during acute or chronic consumption of ethanol.
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Fatty acids, endocannabinoids and inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:96-107. [PMID: 26325095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
From their phylogenetic and pharmacological classification it might be inferred that cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands constitute a rather specialised and biologically distinct signalling system. However, the opposite is true and accumulating data underline how much the endocannabinoid system is intertwined with other lipid and non-lipid signalling systems. Endocannabinoids per se have many structural congeners, and these molecules exist in dynamic equilibria with different other lipid-derived mediators, including eicosanoids and prostamides. With multiple crossroads and shared targets, this creates a versatile system involved in fine-tuning different physiological and metabolic processes, including inflammation. A key feature of this 'expanded' endocannabinoid system, or 'endocannabinoidome', is its subtle orchestration based on interactions between a relatively small number of receptors and multiple ligands with different but partly overlapping activities. Following an update on the role of the 'endocannabinoidome' in inflammatory processes, this review continues with possible targets for intervention at the level of receptors or enzymes involved in formation or breakdown of endocannabinoids and their congeners. Although its pleiotropic character poses scientific challenges, the 'expanded' endocannabinoid system offers several opportunities for prevention and therapy of chronic diseases. In this respect, successes are more likely to come from 'multiple-target' than from 'single-target' strategies.
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Tahamtan A, Tavakoli-Yaraki M, Rygiel TP, Mokhtari-Azad T, Salimi V. Effects of cannabinoids and their receptors on viral infections. J Med Virol 2015; 88:1-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tahamtan
- Departmentof Virology; School of Public Health; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Tomasz P. Rygiel
- Department of Immunology; Medical University of Warsaw; Center of Biostructure Research; Warsaw Poland
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Departmentof Virology; School of Public Health; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Departmentof Virology; School of Public Health; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Kremshofer J, Siwetz M, Berghold VM, Lang I, Huppertz B, Gauster M. A role for GPR55 in human placental venous endothelial cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 144:49-58. [PMID: 25869640 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids and their G protein-coupled receptors have been suggested to play a key role in human pregnancy, by regulating important aspects such as implantation, decidualization, placentation and labor. G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) was previously postulated to be another cannabinoid receptor, since specific cannabinoids were shown to act independently of the classical cannabinoid receptors CB1 or CB2. Current knowledge about GPR55 expression and function in human placenta is very limited and motivated us to evaluate human placental GPR55 expression in relation to other human peripheral tissues and to analyze spatiotemporal GPR55 expression in human placenta. Gene expression analysis revealed low GPR55 levels in human placenta, when compared to spleen and lung, the organs showing highest GPR55 expression. Moreover, expression analysis showed 5.8 fold increased placental GPR55 expression at term compared to first trimester. Immunohistochemistry located GPR55 solely at the fetal endothelium of first trimester and term placentas. qPCR and immunocytochemistry consistently confirmed GPR55 expression in isolated primary placental arterial and venous endothelial cells. Incubation with L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), the specific and functional ligand for GPR55, at a concentration of 1 µM, significantly enhanced migration of venous, but not arterial endothelial cells. LPI-enhanced migration was inhibited by the GPR55 antagonist O-1918, suggesting a role of the LPI-GPR55 axis in placental venous endothelium function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kremshofer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21/VII, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Bondarenko AI. Endothelial atypical cannabinoid receptor: do we have enough evidence? Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5573-88. [PMID: 25073723 PMCID: PMC4290703 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids and their synthetic analogues affect a broad range of physiological functions, including cardiovascular variables. Although direct evidence is still missing, the relaxation of a vast range of vascular beds induced by cannabinoids is believed to involve a still unidentified non-CB1 , non-CB2 Gi/o protein-coupled receptor located on endothelial cells, the so called endothelial cannabinoid receptor (eCB receptor). Evidence for the presence of an eCB receptor comes mainly from vascular relaxation studies, which commonly employ pertussis toxin as an indicator for GPCR-mediated signalling. In addition, a pharmacological approach is widely used to attribute the relaxation to eCB receptors. Recent findings have indicated a number of GPCR-independent targets for both agonists and antagonists of the presumed eCB receptor, warranting further investigations and cautious interpretation of the vascular relaxation studies. This review will provide a brief historical overview on the proposed novel eCB receptor, drawing attention to the discrepancies between the studies on the pharmacological profile of the eCB receptor and highlighting the Gi/o protein-independent actions of the eCB receptor inhibitors widely used as selective compounds. As the eCB receptor represents an attractive pharmacological target for a number of cardiovascular abnormalities, defining its molecular identity and the extent of its regulation of vascular function will have important implications for drug discovery. This review highlights the need to re-evaluate this subject in a thoughtful and rigorous fashion. More studies are needed to differentiate Gi/o protein-dependent endothelial cannabinoid signalling from that involving the classical CB1 and CB2 receptors as well as its relevance for pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Bondarenko
- Circulatory Physiology Department, O.O.Bogomoletz Institute of PhysiologyKiev, Ukraine
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
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Janero DR, Makriyannis A. Terpenes and lipids of the endocannabinoid and transient-receptor-potential-channel biosignaling systems. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:1097-106. [PMID: 24866555 DOI: 10.1021/cn5000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocananbnoid-system G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels are critical components of cellular biosignaling networks. These plasma-membrane proteins are pleiotropic in their ability to interact with and engage structurally diverse ligands. The endocannabinoid and TRP signaling systems overlap in their recognition properties with respect to select naturally occurring plant-derived ligands that belong to the terpene and lipid chemical classes, the overlap establishing a physiological connectivity between these two ubiquitous cell-signaling systems. Identification and pharmacological profiling of phytochemicals engaged by cannabinoid GPCRs and/or TRP channels has inspired the synthesis of novel designer ligands that interact with cannabinoid receptors and/or TRP channels as xenobiotics. Functional interplay between the endocannabinoid and TRP-channel signaling systems is responsible for the antinocifensive action of some synthetic cananbinoids (WIN55,212-2 and AM1241), vasorelaxation by the endocannabinoid N-arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide), and the pain-relief afforded by the synthetic anandamide analogue N-arachidonoylaminophenol (AM404), the active metabolite of the widely used nonprescription analgesic and antipyretic acetaminophen (paracetamol). The biological actions of some plant-derived cannabinoid-receptor (e.g., Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol) or TRP-channel (e.g,, menthol) ligands either carry abuse potential themselves or promote the use of other addictive substances, suggesting the therapeutic potential for modulating these signaling systems for abuse-related disorders. The pleiotropic nature of and therapeutically relevant interactions between cananbinergic and TRP-channel signaling suggest the possibility of dual-acting ligands as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Janero
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, United States
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22254, Saudi Arabia
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