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Khezri MR, Varzandeh R, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Concomitant Effects of Metformin and Vitamin C on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats: Biochemical and Histopathological Approach. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2024; 74:280-289. [PMID: 38968951 DOI: 10.1055/a-2317-7578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric ulcer is one of the most common and serious conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. One of the main causes of gastric ulcers is using of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which have limited their use in clinical practice. Several studies have revealed that metformin and Vitamin C (Vit C) exhibit protective effects against gastric mucosal damage in different animal models. However, no studies indicate their combination's effect on gastric ulcer models. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the protective effects of metformin and Vit C combination on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, thirty rats were divided into six groups, including the control group, rats received indomethacin (50 mg/kg, i.p.), rats received indomethacin and pretreated with ranitidine (100 mg/kg), metformin (100 mg/kg, i.p.), Vit C (100 mg/kg), or metformin combined with Vit C. Four hours after indomethacin administration, rats were euthanized, and gastric tissues were removed for macroscopic, histopathologic, and biochemical examinations. RESULTS All therapeutics used in this study were found to alleviate gastric mucosal injury caused by indomethacin, as observed in histopathologic and macroscopic evaluations. Both Vit C and metformin were observed to significantly decrease lipid peroxidation and enhance the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes, SOD, GPx, and catalase. However, a more significant effectiveness was observed in catalase and GPx activities when Vit C was co-administered with metformin. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study revealed that metformin and Vit C combination therapy could potentially treat gastric ulcers associated with indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Varzandeh
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Experimental & Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences,Urmia, Iran
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2
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Keshawarz A, Joehanes R, Ma J, Lee GY, Costeira R, Tsai PC, Masachs OM, Bell JT, Wilson R, Thorand B, Winkelmann J, Peters A, Linseisen J, Waldenberger M, Lehtimäki T, Mishra PP, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Helminen M, Wang CA, Melton PE, Huang RC, Pennell CE, O’Sullivan TA, Ochoa-Rosales C, Voortman T, van Meurs JB, Young KL, Graff M, Wang Y, Kiel DP, Smith CE, Jacques PF, Levy D. Dietary and supplemental intake of vitamins C and E is associated with altered DNA methylation in an epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2211361. [PMID: 37233989 PMCID: PMC10228397 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2211361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary intake of antioxidants such as vitamins C and E protect against oxidative stress, and may also be associated with altered DNA methylation patterns. METHODS We meta-analysed epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) results from 11,866 participants across eight population-based cohorts to evaluate the association between self-reported dietary and supplemental intake of vitamins C and E with DNA methylation. EWAS were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, caloric intake, blood cell type proportion, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and technical covariates. Significant results of the meta-analysis were subsequently evaluated in gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and expression quantitative trait methylation (eQTM) analysis. RESULTS In meta-analysis, methylation at 4,656 CpG sites was significantly associated with vitamin C intake at FDR ≤ 0.05. The most significant CpG sites associated with vitamin C (at FDR ≤ 0.01) were enriched for pathways associated with systems development and cell signalling in GSEA, and were associated with downstream expression of genes enriched in the immune response in eQTM analysis. Furthermore, methylation at 160 CpG sites was significantly associated with vitamin E intake at FDR ≤ 0.05, but GSEA and eQTM analysis of the top most significant CpG sites associated with vitamin E did not identify significant enrichment of any biological pathways investigated. CONCLUSIONS We identified significant associations of many CpG sites with vitamin C and E intake, and our results suggest that vitamin C intake may be associated with systems development and the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Framingham, MA, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gha Young Lee
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ricardo Costeira
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Olatz M. Masachs
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jordana T. Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Neurogenetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), München Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Chair of Epidemiology, University Augsburg at University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), München Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P. Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Helminen
- Tays Research Services, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Carol A. Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillip E. Melton
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Craig E. Pennell
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Carolina Ochoa-Rosales
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce B.J. van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kristin L. Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Hebrew Senior Life, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Misa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Hebrew Senior Life, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Hebrew Senior Life, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caren E. Smith
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul F. Jacques
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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3
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Mashauri HL. Scurvy: A treatable forgotten fatal differential diagnosis and potential etiology of leukemia and aplastic anemia in pediatric population. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1611. [PMID: 37808934 PMCID: PMC10552072 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Scurvy is a rare nutritional deficiency disease which is less likely to be suspected and it mostly lead to delayed diagnosis. It can present with features which can mislead clinicians to misdiagnose the condition as leukemia or aplastic anemia. This can subject patients to the wrong management which leads to poor outcome and increased preventable morbidity and mortality. Vitamin C deficiency is still prevalent among pediatric population even in the modern days and should no longer be considered as historical condition. Chromosomal fragility has been greatly accounted for the development of leukemia and aplastic anemia secondary to various triggers. The role of vitamin C toward DNA stability, prevention, and control of mutations have been documented. Vitamin C plays a vital role in hematopoiesis by controlling regulation and prevent dysfunction of hematopoietic stem cells. Scurvy deficiency has been a silent growing clinical problem which needs a high index of suspicion for a clinician to pick it. It should be considered as one among potential differential diagnosis of leukemia and aplastic anemia especially in the pediatric population. History of any dietary restriction should be obtained and addressed properly. Serum vitamin C should be among the essential laboratory workout in diagnosis of both leukemia and aplastic anemia. All patients suspected to have such conditions should be screened and supplemented for vitamin C deficiency irrespective of positive confirmatory test results of leukemia or aplastic anemia since the probability of co-occurrence is likely also. Moreover, studies should be conducted to explore the clinical link, if any, between vitamin C deficiency or insufficiency and development of leukemia and aplastic anemia among the pediatric population given its physiological and genomic role in hematopoiesis. Furthermore, the potential pharmacological therapeutic use of vitamin C in treatment of leukemia and aplastic anemia should be determined clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold L Mashauri
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania
- Department of Internal Medicine Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania
- Department of Physiology Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania
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4
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Nam SH, Choi JH, Kim GC. Topical Application of No-Ozone Cold Plasma in Combination with Vitamin C Reduced Skin Redness and Pigmentation of UV-Irradiated Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1563. [PMID: 37371658 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) is the main cause of sunburn on the skin as it induces erythema and accelerates pigmentation. Vitamin C is one of the most frequently used compounds to reduce UV-induced skin pigmentation, but it has limitations in absorption through the skin. In this study, we tested whether a no-ozone cold plasma (NCP) treatment can improve UV-irradiated skin by helping the action of Vitamin C. For this, among five groups of HRM-2 hairless mice, four groups of mice were subjected to UVB irradiation, and three groups of UVB-treated mice were treated with NCP, Vitamin C, and NCP + Vitamin C, respectively. For evaluating the effect of each treatment, the melanin and erythema index was measured during animal experiments. Histological changes were monitored by performing H&E and MTS and IHC against tyrosinase and melanin. As a result, the naturally recovered mice showed a 28-point decrease in the melanin index, whereas a decrease of around 88, 74.3, and 106 points was detected in NCP-, Vitamin C-, and NCP + vitamin C-treated mice, respectively. Likewise, only a 39-point reduction in the erythema index was monitored in naturally recovered mice, but the NCP-, vitamin C-, and NCP + vitamin C-treated mice showed a 87.3-, 77-, and 111-point reduction, respectively. Interestingly, the skin tissues of the mice treated with NCP in combination with Vitamin C mostly recovered from UVB-induced damage. Altogether, this study elucidated the beneficial effect of the treatment of NCP in combination with Vitamin C on the UVB-irradiated skin, which might be helpful for treating sunburn on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoul-Hee Nam
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hae Choi
- Research and Development Center, Feagle Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50614, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo-Cheon Kim
- Research and Development Center, Feagle Co., Ltd., Yangsan 50614, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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5
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Tyuryaeva I, Lyublinskaya O. Expected and Unexpected Effects of Pharmacological Antioxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119303. [PMID: 37298254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we have collected the existing data on the bioactivity of antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine, polyphenols, vitamin C) which are traditionally used in experimental biology and, in some cases, in the clinic. Presented data show that, despite the capacity of these substances to scavenge peroxides and free radicals in cell-free systems, their ability to exhibit these properties in vivo, upon pharmacological supplementation, has not been confirmed so far. Their cytoprotective activity is explained mainly by the ability not to suppress, but to activate multiple redox pathways, which causes biphasic hormetic responses and highly pleiotropic effects in cells. N-acetylcysteine, polyphenols, and vitamin C affect redox homeostasis by generating low-molecular-weight redox-active compounds (H2O2 or H2S), known for their ability to stimulate cellular endogenous antioxidant defense and promote cytoprotection at low concentrations but exert deleterious effects at high concentrations. Moreover, the activity of antioxidants strongly depends on the biological context and mode of their application. We show here that considering the biphasic and context-dependent response of cells on the pleiotropic action of antioxidants can help explain many of the conflicting results obtained in basic and applied research and build a more logical strategy for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tyuryaeva
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretskii pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Lyublinskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretskii pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Attia AA, Hamad HA, Fawzy MA, Saleh SR. The Prophylactic Effect of Vitamin C and Vitamin B12 against Ultraviolet-C-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114302. [PMID: 37298780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet C (UVC) devices are an effective means of disinfecting surfaces and protecting medical tools against various microbes, including coronavirus. Overexposure to UVC can induce oxidative stress, damage the genetic material, and harm biological systems. This study investigated the prophylactic efficacy of vitamin C and B12 against hepatotoxicity in UVC-intoxicated rats. Rats were irradiated with UVC (725.76, 967.68, and 1048.36 J/cm2) for 2 weeks. The rats were pretreated with the aforementioned antioxidants for two months before UVC irradiation. The prophylactic effect of vitamins against UVC hepatotoxicity was evaluated by monitoring the alteration of liver enzyme activities, antioxidant status, apoptotic and inflammatory markers, DNA fragmentation, and histological and ultrastructural alterations. Rats exposed to UVC showed a significant increase in liver enzymes, oxidant-antioxidant balance disruption, and increased hepatic inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and IDO-1). Additionally, obvious over-expression of activated caspase-3 protein and DNA fragmentation were detected. Histological and ultrastructural examinations verified the biochemical findings. Co-treatment with vitamins ameliorated the deviated parameters to variable degrees. In conclusion, vitamin C could alleviate UVC-induced hepatotoxicity more than vitamin B12 by diminishing oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage. This study could provide a reference for the clinical practice of vitamin C and B12 as radioprotective for workers in UVC disinfectant areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A Attia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
| | - Huda A Hamad
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al Bayda 00218, Libya
| | - M Adel Fawzy
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
| | - Samar R Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
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7
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Didier AJ, Stiene J, Fang L, Watkins D, Dworkin LD, Creeden JF. Antioxidant and Anti-Tumor Effects of Dietary Vitamins A, C, and E. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030632. [PMID: 36978880 PMCID: PMC10045152 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a condition characterized by an imbalance between pro-oxidant molecules and antioxidant defense systems, is increasingly recognized as a key contributor to cancer development. This is because the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during oxidative stress can damage DNA, proteins, and lipids to facilitate mutations and other cellular changes that promote cancer growth. Antioxidant supplementation is a potential strategy for decreasing cancer incidence; by reducing oxidative stress, DNA damage and other deleterious cellular changes may be attenuated. Several clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the role of antioxidant supplements in cancer prevention. Some studies have found that antioxidant supplements, such as vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E, can reduce the risk of certain types of cancer. On the other hand, some studies posit an increased risk of cancer with antioxidant supplement use. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current understanding of the role of oxidative stress in cancer formation, as well as the potential benefits of antioxidant supplementation in cancer prevention. Additionally, we will discuss both preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the potentials and limitations of preventive antioxidant strategies.
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8
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Mudgal R, Sharma S, Singh S, Ravichandiran V. The neuroprotective effect of ascorbic acid against imidacloprid-induced neurotoxicity and the role of HO-1 in mice. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1130575. [PMID: 37153653 PMCID: PMC10157196 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1130575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is not only a neurotoxic agricultural pesticide but also a possible food contaminant. The aims of this study were to (1) explore the relationship between recurrent IMI administration and neuronal toxicity in mice and (2) evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of ascorbic acid (AA), a substance with significant free radical scavenger and having property to block the inflammatory pathways. Mice were categorized as naïve controls (administered vehicles for 28 days); the IMI-treatment animal group (administered po 45-mg/kg body weight of IMI per day for 28 days); and the IMI + AA treatment animal group (administered the same IMI dose + 200 mg/kg of AA orally for 28 days). On day 28, memory losses were assessed using the Y-maze and novel target identification behavioral tests. Mice were sacrificed 24 h after the final IMI treatments, as well as hippocampus tissues, were utilized to determine histological assessments, oxidative stress biomarkers, and Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression levels. The findings demonstrated that IMI-treated mice had substantial impairment of spatial and non-spatial memory functions, as well as reduced antioxidant enzyme and acetylcholinesterase activity. The AA neuroprotective action was achieved through the suppression of the HO-1 expression as well as the stimulation of Nrf2 expression in hippocampal tissues. In summary, recurrent IMI exposure causes oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in mice, and the administration of AA significantly reduces the IMI toxicity possibly by the activation of the HO-1/Nrf2 pathway.
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Abstract
Ascorbic acid, as one of the basic exogenous vitamins, is known for its tremendous antioxidant properties. This review has been prepared to show not only the importance of ascorbic acid as a free radical scavenger, but also to summarize its antioxidant action based on other mechanisms, including activation of intracellular antioxidant systems. Ascorbic acid interacts with small molecule antioxidants, including tocopherol, glutathione and thioredoxin, but also can stimulate the biosynthesis and activation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase or glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, ascorbic acid promotes the activity of several transcription factors (Nrf2, Ref-1, AP-1), which enables the expression of genes encoding antioxidant proteins. Additionally, it supports the action of other exogenous antioxidants, mainly polyphenols. In this connection, both DNA, protein and lipids are protected against oxidation. Although ascorbic acid has strong antioxidant properties, it can also have pro-oxidant effects in the presence of free transition metals. However, its role in prevention of DNA mutation and cellular apoptosis, especially in relation to cancer cells is controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ascorbic Acid. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1993. [PMID: 36290716 PMCID: PMC9598715 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid, as a one of the basic exogenous vitamins, occurs in the body in the form of ascorbate, known for its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The presented review shows not only the importance of ascorbate as a free radical scavenger but also summarizes its antioxidant action based on other mechanisms, including the activation of intracellular antioxidant systems and its effect on the NFκB/TNFα pathway and apoptosis. Ascorbate interacts with small-molecule antioxidants, including tocopherol, glutathione, and thioredoxin; it can also stimulate biosynthesis and the activation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, ascorbate promotes the activity of transcription factors (Nrf2, Ref-1, AP-1), which enables the expression of genes encoding antioxidant proteins. Additionally, it supports the action of other exogenous antioxidants, mainly polyphenols. In this regard, both DNA, proteins, and lipids are protected against oxidation, leading to an inflammatory reaction and even cell death. Although ascorbate has strong antioxidant properties, it can also have pro-oxidant effects in the presence of free transition metals. However, its role in the prevention of DNA mutation, inflammation, and cell apoptosis, especially in relation to cancer cells, is controversial.
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11
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Ascorbate Is a Primary Antioxidant in Mammals. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196187. [PMID: 36234722 PMCID: PMC9572970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate (vitamin C in primates) functions as a cofactor for a number of enzymatic reactions represented by prolyl hydroxylases and as an antioxidant due to its ability to donate electrons, which is mostly accomplished through non-enzymatic reaction in mammals. Ascorbate directly reacts with radical species and is converted to ascorbyl radical followed by dehydroascorbate. Ambiguities in physiological relevance of ascorbate observed during in vivo situations could be attributed in part to presence of other redox systems and the pro-oxidant properties of ascorbate. Most mammals are able to synthesize ascorbate from glucose, which is also considered to be an obstacle to verify its action. In addition to animals with natural deficiency in the ascorbate synthesis, such as guinea pigs and ODS rats, three strains of mice with genetic removal of the responsive genes (GULO, RGN, or AKR1A) for the ascorbate synthesis have been established and are being used to investigate the physiological roles of ascorbate. Studies using these mice, along with ascorbate transporter (SVCT)-deficient mice, largely support its ability in protection against oxidative insults. While combined actions of ascorbate in regulating epigenetics and antioxidation appear to effectively prevent cancer development, pharmacological doses of ascorbate and dehydroascorbate may exert tumoricidal activity through redox-dependent mechanisms.
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Travaglini S, Gurnari C, Antonelli S, Silvestrini G, Noguera NI, Ottone T, Voso MT. The Anti-Leukemia Effect of Ascorbic Acid: From the Pro-Oxidant Potential to the Epigenetic Role in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:930205. [PMID: 35938170 PMCID: PMC9352950 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.930205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data derived from high-throughput sequencing technologies have allowed a deeper understanding of the molecular landscape of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic options, with a higher efficacy and a lower toxicity than conventional chemotherapy. In the antileukemia drug development scenario, ascorbic acid, a natural compound also known as Vitamin C, has emerged for its potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities on leukemic cells. However, the role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the treatment of AML has been debated for decades. Mechanistic insight into its role in many biological processes and, especially, in epigenetic regulation has provided the rationale for the use of this agent as a novel anti-leukemia therapy in AML. Acting as a co-factor for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs), ascorbic acid is involved in the epigenetic regulations through the control of TET (ten-eleven translocation) enzymes, epigenetic master regulators with a critical role in aberrant hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. In line with this discovery, great interest has been emerging for the clinical testing of this drug targeting leukemia epigenome. Besides its role in epigenetics, ascorbic acid is also a pivotal regulator of many physiological processes in human, particularly in the antioxidant cellular response, being able to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) to prevent DNA damage and other effects involved in cancer transformation. Thus, for this wide spectrum of biological activities, ascorbic acid possesses some pharmacologic properties attractive for anti-leukemia therapy. The present review outlines the evidence and mechanism of ascorbic acid in leukemogenesis and its therapeutic potential in AML. With the growing evidence derived from the literature on situations in which the use of ascorbate may be beneficial in vitro and in vivo, we will finally discuss how these insights could be included into the rational design of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Travaglini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Gurnari
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - S. Antonelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Silvestrini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - N. I. Noguera
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - T. Ottone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M. T. Voso
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Neuro-Oncohematology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: M. T. Voso,
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Dietary and Antioxidant Vitamins Limit the DNA Damage Mediated by Oxidative Stress in the Mother-Newborn Binomial. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12071012. [PMID: 35888100 PMCID: PMC9323630 DOI: 10.3390/life12071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, appropriate nutritional support is necessary for the development of the foetus. Maternal nutrition might protect the foetus from toxic agents such as free radicals due to its antioxidant content. In this study, 90 mothers and their children were recruited. DNA damage mediated by oxidative stress (OS) was determined by the levels of 8-hidroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the plasma of women and umbilical cord blood. The mothers and newborns were categorised into tertiles according to their 8-OHdG levels for further comparison. No relevant clinical differences were observed in each group. A strong correlation was observed in the mother−newborn binomial for 8-OHdG levels (Rho = 0.694, p < 0.001). In the binomial, a lower level of 8-OHdG was associated with higher consumption of calories, carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamin A (p < 0.05). In addition, the levels of 8-OHdG were only significantly lower in newborns from mothers with a higher consumption of vitamin A and E (p < 0.01). These findings were confirmed by a significant negative correlation between the 8-OHdG levels of newborns and the maternal consumption of vitamins A and E, but not C (Rho = −0.445 (p < 0.001), −0.281 (p = 0.007), and −0.120 (p = 0.257), respectively). Multiple regression analysis showed that the 8-OHdG levels in mothers and newborns inversely correlated with vitamin A (β = −1.26 (p = 0.016) and −2.17 (p < 0.001), respectively) and pregestational body mass index (β = −1.04 (p = 0.007) and −0.977 (p = 0.008), respectively). In conclusion, maternal consumption of vitamins A and E, but not C, might protect newborns from DNA damage mediated by OS.
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Song H, Jeong A, Tran TXM, Lee J, Kim M, Park B. Association between Micronutrient Intake and Breast Cancer Risk According to Body Mass Index in South Korean Adult Women: A Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132644. [PMID: 35807825 PMCID: PMC9268499 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the association between micronutrient intake and breast cancer risk in South Korean adult women. This association was stratified according to body mass index (BMI) categories. Data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) and the Health Examinee Study were analyzed. Altogether, 63,337 individuals (aged ≥40 years) completed the baseline and first follow-up surveys; 40,432 women without a history of cancer at baseline were included in this study. The association between micronutrient intake and breast cancer was determined by estimating the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. A stratified analysis by BMI (<25 kg/m2 and ≥25 kg/m2) was performed. The an analysis of 15 micronutrients and breast cancer risk revealed that none of the micronutrients were associated with breast cancer risk after adjusting for covariates. In obese women, the risk of breast cancer was significantly reduced in the group that consumed vitamin C more than the recommended level (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31−0.93) and vitamin B6 levels above the recommended level (HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25−0.89). In obese women, exceeding the recommended daily intake levels of vitamin C and vitamin B6 was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. However, other micronutrients were not associated with breast cancer risk in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyeon Song
- Graduate School of Public Health, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Ansun Jeong
- Graduate School of Public Health, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.S.); (A.J.)
| | - Thi Xuan Mai Tran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (T.X.M.T.); (J.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Jiseon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (T.X.M.T.); (J.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (T.X.M.T.); (J.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Boyoung Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea; (T.X.M.T.); (J.L.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2220-0682; Fax: +82-31-2220-0699
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15
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Oftadeh Harsin A, Firozian F, Soleimani M, Mehri F, Ranjbar A. Evaluation of Ascorbic Acid Niosomes as Potential Detoxifiers in Oxidative Stress-induced HEK-293 Cells by Arsenic Trioxide. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e127038. [PMID: 36710993 PMCID: PMC9872552 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-127038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background As an environmental contaminant, Arsenic (As) poses many risks to human health. Increased Oxidative Stress (OS) and decreased antioxidant cell defense are the suggested mechanisms of carcinogenicity and toxicity of As. As a powerful antioxidant and water-soluble compound, vitamin C protects cells and tissues against oxidation and has a wide range of healing properties. Objectives The current study aimed to formulate a suitable ascorbic acid (vitamin C) niosome and compare it with vitamin C in preventing As-induced toxicity in HEK-293 cells. Methods Various formulas of vitamin C niosomes were prepared by C-SPAN mixed with cholesterol. The physicochemical characteristics of niosomal formulations, including load size, zeta-potential, and the drug release profile, were evaluated in HEK-293 cells. Then, OS biomarkers such as total reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities determined the protective effects of vitamin C niosomes compared with vitamin C against As-induced toxicity. Results The particle size and zeta potential of the optimal vitamin C niosome were 163.2 ± 6.1 nm and 23.3 ± 3.5 mV, respectively. Arsenic increased ROS and MDA levels while decreasing CAT, TAC, and SOD activities in the HEK-293 cell line. Finally, the vitamin C niosome decreased OS and increased antioxidant properties more than vitamin C. Significance Vitamin C niosome was more effective than vitamin C in treating As-induced toxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Oftadeh Harsin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farzin Firozian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Meysam Soleimani
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Tel: +98-8138380267, Fax: +98-8138380131,
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 6517838678, Hamadan, Iran.
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Yin X, Chen K, Cheng H, Chen X, Feng S, Song Y, Liang L. Chemical Stability of Ascorbic Acid Integrated into Commercial Products: A Review on Bioactivity and Delivery Technology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:153. [PMID: 35052657 PMCID: PMC8773188 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid is commonly known as vitamin C. It is an indispensable nutrient and plays a key role in retaining the physiological process of humans and animals. L-gulonolactone oxidase, the key enzyme for the de novo synthesis of ascorbic acid, is lacking in some mammals including humans. The functionality of ascorbic acid has prompted the development of foods fortified with this vitamin. As a natural antioxidant, it is expected to protect the sensory and nutritional characteristics of the food. It is thus important to know the degradation of ascorbic acid in the food matrix and its interaction with coexisting components. The biggest challenge in the utilization of ascorbic acid is maintaining its stability and improving its delivery to the active site. The review also includes the current strategies for stabilizing ascorbic acid and the commercial applications of ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Y.); (K.C.); (H.C.); (X.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Y.); (K.C.); (H.C.); (X.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Y.); (K.C.); (H.C.); (X.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Y.); (K.C.); (H.C.); (X.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Luwei Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shuangfeng Industrial Park, Zibo 255195, China;
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Raledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China;
| | - Li Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.Y.); (K.C.); (H.C.); (X.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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17
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Bakpa EP, Xie J, Zhang J, Han K, Ma Y, Liu T. Influence of soil amendment of different concentrations of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on physiological characteristics, yield and quality of "Hangjiao No.2" Chili Pepper. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12472. [PMID: 34909271 PMCID: PMC8638573 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are well known as natural stimulators of plant growth and are widely used to promote crop yield and quality. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of amino acid (s) as a foliar spray on a variety of plant species. However, the effects of soil amendment of different concentrations of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of pepper remain unclear. Following this, three experimental sets of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer in the ratio 1.8: 2.7: 3.6 kg including control (CK) were conducted in Lintao county, Gansu province. The treatments were applied through furrow method at 6 weeks after planting. The results showed that physiological characteristics of the pepper plants, such as chlorophyll a (1.35 mg g−1), and b (0.67 mg g−1), total chlorophyll (2.02 mg g−1), carotenoid (0.63 mg g−1), ETR (26.25 µmol m−2s−1), Fv/Fm (0.75), Qp (0.92) contents of the leaves were increased by the 1.8 kg treatment while NPQ (71.37%) and root activity (2185.52 µg g−1 h−1) were improved by the 3.6 kg treatment compared to the control. Fertilization with 2.7 kg of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer also had a significant influence on fruit length (25.50 cm), and yield of pepper (37.92 t ha−1) while fruit diameter (24.51 mm), firmness (5.30 kg cm−2), fresh (48.10 g) and dry (4.71 g) weights were higher in the 1.8 kg treatment compared to the control. The lowest rate of fertilizer (1.8 kg) applied again resulted in a significant increase in soluble protein (79.79%), capsaicin (5.80 mg g−1), dihydrocapsaicin (1.08 mg g−1), vitamin C (72.33%) and the essential and non-essential amino acid contents of the pepper which ranged from (235.15 to 11.16 µg g−1) and (1,605.10 to 16.63 µg g−1) respectively, while soluble sugar (9.02%) was enhanced by 3.6 kg treatment compared to the control. The findings suggest that soil amendment with low concentration of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer (1.8 kg) could be successfully used to improve the physiological characteristics and fruit quality of peppers in vegetable production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianming Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kangning Han
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yufeng Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tiandong Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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18
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Follicular development, morphological integrity, and oxidative stress in bovine preantral follicles cultured in vitro with ascorbic acid. ZYGOTE 2021; 30:391-397. [PMID: 34852859 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the follicular development, morphological integrity, and oxidative stress of preantral ovarian follicles from Bos taurus indicus females grown in vitro with ascorbic acid. Ovaries (n = 20) from Bos taurus indicus females were collected, fragmented, and were cultured in vitro for 6 or 12 days in minimum essential medium (MEM), or MEM supplemented with 50 or 100 ng/ml ascorbic acid, with an extracellular matrix of agarose gel, in an incubator at 38.5°C; every 2 days, 100% of the culture medium was replaced. The data were analyzed using the chi-squared test and/or Fisher's exact test. In the event of a significant effect, the proportions were compared using a 2 × 2 proportion test. The oxidative stress analysis data were submitted to analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni test. Values were considered significant when P ≤ 0.05. The addition of 100 ng/ml of ascorbic acid to the in vitro culture medium of preantral ovarian follicles from bovine females promoted follicular development, was efficient in maintaining morphological integrity, as well as the stability of reactive oxygen species, after 6 days of in vitro culture.
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LaFave ER, Tarpey MD, Balestrieri NP, Spangenburg EE, Hvastkovs EG. Complementary Square-Wave Voltammetry and LC-MS/MS Analysis to Elucidate Induced Damaged and Mutated Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA from in Vivo Knockdown of the BRCA1 Gene in the Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11592-11600. [PMID: 34383484 PMCID: PMC8796311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer 1 gene (BRCA1) DNA mutations impact skeletal muscle functions. Inducible skeletal muscle specific Brca1 homozygote knockout (Brca1KOsmi, KO) mice accumulate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations resulting in loss of muscle quality.1 Complementary electrochemical andmass spectrometry analyses were utilized to rapidly assess mtDNA or nuclear DNA (nDNA) extracted directly from mouse skeletal muscles. Oxidative peak currents (Ip) from DNA immobilized layer by layer (LbL) were monitored using square-wave voltammetry (SWV) via Ru(bpy)32+ electrocatalysis. Ip significantly decreased (p < 0.05) for KO mtDNA compared to heterozygous KO (Het) or wild type (WT), indicative of decreases in the guanine content. nDNA Ip significantly increased in KO compared to WT (p < 0.05), suggesting an accumulation of damaged nDNA. Guanine or oxidatively damaged guanine content was monitored via appropriate m/z mass transitions using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). Guanine in both KO mtDNA and nDNA was significantly lower, while oxidatively damaged guanine in KO nDNA was significantly elevated versus WT. These data demonstrate a loss of guanine content consistent with mtDNA mutation accumulation. Oxidative damage in KO nDNA suggests that repair processes associated with Brca1 are impacted. Overall, electrochemical and LC-MS/MS analysis can provide chemical-level answers to biological model phenotypic responses as a rapid and cost-effective analysis alternative to established assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. LaFave
- East Carolina University Department of Chemistry, 300 Science and Technology Bldg., Greenville, NC 27858
| | - Michael D. Tarpey
- East Carolina University Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Nicholas P. Balestrieri
- East Carolina University Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Espen E. Spangenburg
- East Carolina University Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27834
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, 115 Heart Dr, East Carolina University, Greenville NC, 27834
| | - Eli G. Hvastkovs
- East Carolina University Department of Chemistry, 300 Science and Technology Bldg., Greenville, NC 27858
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Two Distinct Faces of Vitamin C: AA vs. DHA. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020215. [PMID: 33535710 PMCID: PMC7912923 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, vitamin C has been associated with many regulatory processes that involve specific signaling pathways. Among the most studied signaling pathways are those involved in the regulation of aging, differentiation, neurotransmission, proliferation, and cell death processes in cancer. This wide variety of regulatory effects is due to the fact that vitamin C has a dual mechanism of action. On the one hand, it regulates the expression of genes associated with proliferation (Ccnf and Ccnb1), differentiation (Sox-2 and Oct-4), and cell death (RIPK1 and Bcl-2). At the same time, vitamin C can act as a regulator of kinases, such as MAPK and p38, or by controlling the activation of the NF-kB pathway, generating chronic responses related to changes in gene expression or acute responses associated with the regulation of signal transduction processes. To date, data from the literature show a permanent increase in processes regulated by vitamin C. In this review, we critically examine how vitamin C regulates these different cellular programs in normal and tumor cells.
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21
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Irrazabal T, Thakur BK, Croitoru K, Martin A. Preventing Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer With Antioxidants: A Systematic Review. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 11:1177-1197. [PMID: 33418102 PMCID: PMC7907812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC); however, the basis for inflammation-induced genetic damage requisite for neoplasia is unclear. Several studies have shown that IBD patients have signs of increased oxidative damage, which could be a result of genetic and environmental factors such as an excess in oxidant molecules released during chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, a failure in antioxidant capacity, or oxidant promoting diets. It has been suggested that chronic oxidative environment in the intestine leads to the DNA lesions that precipitate colon carcinogenesis in IBD patients. Indeed, several preclinical and clinical studies show that different endogenous and exogenous antioxidant molecules are effective at reducing oxidation in the intestine. However, most clinical studies have focused on the short-term effects of antioxidants in IBD patients but not in CAC. This review article examines the role of oxidative DNA damage as a possible precipitating event in CAC in the context of chronic intestinal inflammation and the potential role of exogenous antioxidants to prevent these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhupesh K Thakur
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Martin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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22
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Janiszek D, Karpińska MM, Niewiadomy A, Kośmider A, Girstun A, Elzanowska H, Kulesza PJ. Differences in electrochemical response of prospective anticancer drugs IPBD and Cl-IPBD, doxorubicin and Vitamin C at plasmid modified glassy carbon. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 137:107682. [PMID: 33160181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For the comparison of the DNA interactions with drugs, two newly synthesized prospective anticancer drugs, 6-(1H-imidazo[4,5-b]phenasine-2-yl)benzene-1,3-diol (IPBD) and, its -Cl derivative (Cl-IPBD) have been compared with doxorubicin, a drug widely used in medicine, and with Vitamin C. These compounds were accumulated at a supercoiled scpUC19 plasmid layer formed on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Stability of the drug-plasmid/GCE layer was achieved by initial plasmid accumulation using prolonged potential cycling for ca. 200 min. from highly diluted scpUC19 solutions (8 pg/mL), followed by accumulation of the drugs from 1 µM - 50 µM. Electrochemical properties in terms of the redox potentials of the compounds and capacitative/resistive characteristics of the layers have been tested using, in sequence, four voltammetric methods: Square Wave (SWV), Differential Pulse (DPV) and Alternating Current (ACV) with phase detection 0° and 90°. Importantly, with progressive drug accumulation in the plasmid, for Cl-IPBD, but not for IPBD, an increase in peak (I) at -0.42 V vs. SCE was observed, while biological tests revealed a higher cytotoxic activity for Cl-IPBD vs. IPBD. Moreover, an additional redox signal of Cl-IPBD was observed with the compound reductive accumulation at the plasmid layer in the presence of Vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Janiszek
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika M Karpińska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol 6, 03-236 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Niewiadomy
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Annopol 6, 03-236 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Kośmider
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute-Oncology Centre, Department of Genetics, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Girstun
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Elzanowska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Pawel J Kulesza
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Huang J, Sun W, Seong KM, Mittapalli O, Ojo J, Coates B, Paige KN, Clark JM, Pittendrigh BR. Dietary antioxidant vitamin C influences the evolutionary path of insecticide resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 168:104631. [PMID: 32711765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects encounter a variety of toxic environmental substances ranging from ingested plant defensive compounds to human-introduced insecticidal agents. Dietary antioxidants are known to reduce the negative physiological impacts of toxins in mammalian systems through amelioration of reactive oxygen-related cellular damage. The analogous impacts to insects caused by multigenerational exposure to pesticides and the effects on adaptive responses within insect populations, however, are currently unknown. To address these research gaps, we used Drosophila as a model system to explore adaptive phenotypic responses to acute dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure in the presence of the dietary antioxidant vitamin C and to examine the structural genomic consequences of this exposure. DDT resistance increased significantly among four replicates exposed to a low concentration of DDT for 10 generations. In contrast, dietary intake of vitamin C significantly reduced DDT resistance after mutigenerational exposure to the same concentration of DDT. As to the genomic consequences, no significant differences were predicted in overall nucleotide substitution rates across the genome between any of the treatments. Despite this, replicates exposed to a low concentration of DDT without vitamin C showed the highest number of synonymous and non-synonymous variants (3196 in total), followed by the DDT plus vitamin C (1174 in total), and vitamin C alone (728 in total) treatments. This study demonstrates the potential role of diet (specifically, antioxidant intake) on adaptive genome responses, and thus on the evolution of pesticide resistance within insect populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Weilin Sun
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Keon Mook Seong
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Ecology and Environment, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - James Ojo
- Department of Crop Production, Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Brad Coates
- USDA-ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ken N Paige
- Department of Evolution, Ecology & Behavior, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Boguszewska K, Adamus-Grabicka A, Karwowski BT. Two Faces of Vitamin C-Antioxidative and Pro-Oxidative Agent. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051501. [PMID: 32455696 PMCID: PMC7285147 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C has been known for decades. It is common in everyday use as an element of the diet, supplementation, and a preservative. For years, research has been conducted to precisely determine the mechanism of action of ascorbate in the cell. Available results indicate its multi-directional cellular effects. Vitamin C, which belongs to antioxidants scavenging free radicals, also has a ‘second face’—as a pro-oxidative factor. However, whether is the latter nature a defect harmful to the cell, or whether a virtue that is a source of benefit? In this review, we discuss the effects of vitamin C treatment in cancer prevention and the role of ascorbate in maintaining redox balance in the central nervous system (CNS). Finally, we discuss the effect of vitamin C supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage and review the evidence that vitamin C has radioprotective properties.
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Wang L, Fan X, Sokorai K, Sites J. Quality deterioration of grape tomato fruit during storage after treatments with gaseous ozone at conditions that significantly reduced populations of Salmonella on stem scar and smooth surface. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Xu P, Li Y, Yu Z, Yang L, Shang R, Yan Z. Protective Effect of Vitamin C on Triptolide-induced Acute Hepatotoxicity in Mice through mitigation of oxidative stress. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20181257. [PMID: 31241707 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920181257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Triptolide, a purified diterpenoid from the herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f., was widely used to treat many diseases. However, the hepatotoxicity of triptolide limited its clinical use. Research showed oxidative stress played an important role in triptolide-induced liver injury. To investigate the effect of vitamin C, which was one of the most effective antioxidants, on triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity and its potential mechanism in mice. In the present study, acute liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of triptolide and vitamin C was orally administered. The results showed treatment with vitamin C prevented the triptolide-induced liver injury by reducing the levels of aspartate transaminase from 286.86 to 192.48 U/mL and alanine aminotransferase from 746.75 to 203.36 U/mL. Histopathological changes of liver corresponded to the same trend. Furthermore, vitamin C also protected the liver against triptolide-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting the generation of malondialdehyde (2.22 to 1.49 nmol/mgprot) and hydrogen peroxide (14.74 to 7.19 mmol/gprot) and restoring the level of total superoxide dismutase (24.32 to 42.55 U/mgprot) and glutathione (7.69 to 13.03 μg/mgprot). These results indicated that vitamin C could protect against triptolide-induced liver injury via reducing oxidative stress, and vitamin C may pose a significant health protection in the clinical use of triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjuan Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Youyou Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhichao Yu
- Scientific Research Office, Tianjin Sino-German University of Applied Sciences, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rong Shang
- School of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zihang Yan
- College of Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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27
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Gaseous chlorine dioxide maintained the sensory and nutritional quality of grape tomatoes and reduced populations of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Vitamin C prevents hypothyroidism associated neuronal damage in the hippocampus of neonatal and juvenile rats: A stereological study. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 93:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Thordardottir M, Lindqvist EK, Lund SH, Costello R, Burton D, Steingrimsdottir L, Korde N, Mailankody S, Eiriksdottir G, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Landgren O, Torfadottir JE, Kristinsson SY. Dietary intake is associated with risk of multiple myeloma and its precursor disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206047. [PMID: 30383820 PMCID: PMC6211667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), the precursor state of multiple myeloma (MM), is mostly unknown and no studies have been conducted on the effect of diet on MGUS or progression from MGUS to MM. We aimed to explore the association between common foods and MGUS and progression to MM. Data from the population-based AGES Study (N = 5,764) were utilized. Food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake during adolescence, midlife, and late life. Serum protein electrophoresis and serum free light-chain assay was performed to identify MGUS (n = 300) and LC-MGUS cases (n = 275). We cross linked our data with the Icelandic Cancer Registry to find cases of MM in the study group. We found that intake of fruit at least three times per week during adolescence was associated with lower risk of MGUS when compared to lower fruit consumption (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.41–0.95). We additionally found that intake of fruit at least three times per week during the late life period was associated with decreased risk of progressing from MGUS to MM (HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.13–0.89) when compared to lower intake. Adolescent intake of fruit may reduce risk of MGUS, whereas fruit intake after MGUS onset may reduce risk of progressing to MM. Our findings suggest that diet might alter the risk of developing MGUS and progression to MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebba K. Lindqvist
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sigrun H. Lund
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rene Costello
- Multiple Myeloma Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Debra Burton
- Multiple Myeloma Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Neha Korde
- Myeloma Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sham Mailankody
- Myeloma Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Lenore J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Johanna E. Torfadottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Icelandic Cancer Society, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vineetha RC, Binu P, Arathi P, Nair RH. L-ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol attenuate arsenic trioxide-induced toxicity in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by the activation of Nrf2 and Bcl2 transcription factors. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:353-360. [PMID: 29297235 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1422578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is a potent drug for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and has achieved remarkable remissions in patients. Unfortunately, clinical reports have shown that the treatment is associated with cardiotoxicity. Many efforts have been made to mitigate drug-mediated cardiac damage using naturally occurring antioxidant compounds possessing free radical scavenging activity. The present investigation aims to explore protective role of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) and α-tocopherol (α-TOC) from As2O3-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyocytes through the evaluation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) transcription factors. The in vitro study was conducted using H9c2 cardiomyocytes. The evaluation of total antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular calcium concentration and reactive oxygen species generation was performed. Oxidative stress (Nrf2) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl2) signaling indicators were measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A depletion of the total antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were observed in As2O3-treated cardiomyocytes. In addition, the cellular calcium concentration and ROS generation were found to be increased on treatment with As2O3 with the alterations in the activity of transcription factors, Nrf2 and Bcl2. Co-treatment of antioxidant vitamins with As2O3 resulted in a significant reversal of oxidative stress and alteration on the antioxidant defense through the activation of Nrf2 and Bcl2. L-AA and α-TOC alleviates As2O3-induced oxidative stress in cardiac cells by activating Nrf2 and Bcl2 transcription factors that results in increased cell survival and prevents apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prakash Binu
- a School of Biosciences , Mahatma Gandhi University , Kottayam , Kerala , India
| | - Pettamanna Arathi
- a School of Biosciences , Mahatma Gandhi University , Kottayam , Kerala , India
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Abstract
Several clinical trials have produced conflicting results regarding the benefit of antioxidants in cancer therapy thus questioning the incorporation of these substances in standard treatment regimens. Vitamins E and C, selenium, carotenoids, lycopene, soy products, and green tea extract are a few substances with antioxidant properties that have been studied in detail. This article reviews the results generated over the last 20 years through in vitro and in vivo studies in various types of cancers and stages of cancer treatment. Despite the commercial popularity and the multitude of studies examining antioxidant therapy, the true role of antioxidants is yet to be determined, requiring further investigation into its propagative, causal, or protective nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthi Athreya
- a Scripps Cancer Center, Scripps Mercy Hospital, Scripps Clinic , San Diego , California , USA
| | - Marin F Xavier
- a Scripps Cancer Center, Scripps Mercy Hospital, Scripps Clinic , San Diego , California , USA
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32
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Menezes VG, Santos JMS, Macedo TJS, Lins TLBG, Barberino RS, Gouveia BB, Bezerra MÉS, Cavalcante AYP, Queiroz MAA, Palheta RC, Matos MHT. Use of protocatechuic acid as the sole antioxidant in the base medium for in vitro culture of ovine isolated secondary follicles. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:890-898. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- VG Menezes
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - JMS Santos
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - TJS Macedo
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - TLBG Lins
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - RS Barberino
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - BB Gouveia
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - MÉS Bezerra
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - AYP Cavalcante
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - MAA Queiroz
- Laboratory of Bromatology and Animal Nutrition; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - RC Palheta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
| | - MHT Matos
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development; Federal University of São Francisco Valley; Petrolina PE Brazil
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Woznicki TL, Sønsteby A, Aaby K, Martinsen BK, Heide OM, Wold AB, Remberg SF. Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post-flowering temperature. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:1302-1309. [PMID: 27328984 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition have often been demonstrated in field experiments. However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. This can be better achieved in a phytotron where the various climatic factors can be varied systematically. Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post-flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents. RESULTS The analyses revealed significant effects of genotype on all investigated compounds. Particularly large cultivar differences were observed in the concentrations of l-ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose. The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12-24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. AA was the main contributor to the total ascorbate pool in black currant berries. The AA/DHAA ratio varied from 5.6 to 10.3 among the studied cultivars. The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. Quninic acid was always present at relatively low concentrations. By contrast, photoperiod had no significant effect on berry content of any of the investigated compounds. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the post-flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz L Woznicki
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Anita Sønsteby
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research, NO-1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Kjersti Aaby
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, NO-1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Berit K Martinsen
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, NO-1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Ola M Heide
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Anne-Berit Wold
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Siv F Remberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
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Dueñas-García IE, Heres-Pulido ME, Arellano-Llamas MR, De la Cruz-Núñez J, Cisneros-Carrillo V, Palacios-López CS, Acosta-Anaya L, Santos-Cruz LF, Castañeda-Partida L, Durán-Díaz A. Lycopene, resveratrol, vitamin C and FeSO 4 increase damage produced by pro-oxidant carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in Drosophila melanogaster: Xenobiotic metabolism implications. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:233-245. [PMID: 28202360 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) is a pro-oxidant carcinogen bioactivated by xenobiotic metabolism (XM). We investigated if antioxidants lycopene [0.45, 0.9, 1.8 μM], resveratrol [11, 43, 172 μM], and vitamin C [5.6 mM] added or not with FeSO4 [0.06 mM], modulate the genotoxicity of 4-NQO [2 mM] with the Drosophila wing spot test standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses, with inducible and high levels of cytochromes P450, respectively. The genotoxicity of 4-NQO was higher when dissolved in an ethanol - acetone mixture. The antioxidants did not protect against 4-NQO in any of both crosses. In the ST cross, resveratrol [11 μM], vitamin C and FeSO4 resulted in genotoxicity; the three antioxidants and FeSO4 increased the damage of 4-NQO. In the HB cross, none of the antioxidants, neither FeSO4, were genotoxic. Only resveratrol [172 μM] + 4-NQO increased the genotoxic activity in both crosses. We concluded that the effects of the antioxidants, FeSO4 and the modulation of 4-NQO were the result of the difference of Cyp450s levels, between the ST and HB crosses. We propose that the basal levels of the XM's enzymes in the ST cross interacted with a putative pro-oxidant activity of the compounds added to the pro-oxidant effects of 4-NQO.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Dueñas-García
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - M E Heres-Pulido
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - M R Arellano-Llamas
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - J De la Cruz-Núñez
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - V Cisneros-Carrillo
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - C S Palacios-López
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L Acosta-Anaya
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L F Santos-Cruz
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - L Castañeda-Partida
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - A Durán-Díaz
- Mathematics, Biology, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Los Barrios N° 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
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Rajak P, Dutta M, Khatun S, Mandi M, Roy S. Exploring hazards of acute exposure of Acephate in Drosophila melanogaster and search for l-ascorbic acid mediated defense in it. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 321:690-702. [PMID: 27701059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study reveals protective role of l-ascorbic acid (25, 50 and 100μg/mL) against toxic impacts of acute sub-lethal exposure of Acephate (5μg/mL) in a non-target organism Drosophila melanogaster. Organismal effect was evident from increased impairment in climbing activities (9 folds) of treated individuals who also manifested altered ocular architecture. These anomalies were reduced with l-ascorbic acid (l-AA) supplementation. Acephate induced apoptotic lesions in eye imaginal discs and gut confirmed tissue damage that also reduced with l-AA co-treatment. Reduction in viability of fat body cells (∼41%), neural cells (∼42%) and hemocytes (3 folds) indicates cytotoxic and immunotoxic potential of Acephate, which were significantly mitigated with l-AA co-administration. The sub-cellular toxic impacts of Acephate treatment became obvious from enhancement in activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT by ∼1.63 folds, SOD by ∼1.32 folds), detoxifying enzymes (Cyp450 by ∼1.99 folds and GST by ∼1.34 folds), 2.1 times boost in HSP 70 expression, and inhibition of cholinesterase activity (by ∼0.66 folds). DNA breaks evident through comet assay confirmed Acephate triggered genotoxicity which could also be prevented through co-administration of. L-AA Furthermore, the study proposes the use of Drosophila as a model to screen chemicals for their protective potential against pesticide toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Rajak
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, ABN Seal College, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Salma Khatun
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Moutushi Mandi
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumedha Roy
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
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Patel VS, Sampat V, Espey MG, Sitapara R, Wang H, Yang X, Ashby CR, Thomas DD, Mantell LL. Ascorbic Acid Attenuates Hyperoxia-Compromised Host Defense against Pulmonary Bacterial Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:511-520. [PMID: 27120084 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0310oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) can compromise host defense and increase susceptibility to bacterial infections, causing ventilator-associated pneumonia. The phagocytic activity of macrophages is impaired by hyperoxia-induced increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and extracellular high-mobility group box protein B1 (HMGB1). Ascorbic acid (AA), an essential nutrient and antioxidant, has been shown to be beneficial in various animal models of ROS-mediated diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether AA could attenuate hyperoxia-compromised host defense and improve macrophage functions against bacterial infections. C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to hyperoxia (≥98% O2, 48 h), followed by intratracheal inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of AA. AA (50 mg/kg) significantly improved bacterial clearance in the lungs and airways, and significantly reduced HMGB1 accumulation in the airways. The incubation of RAW 264.7 cells (a macrophage-like cell line) with AA (0-1,000 μM) before hyperoxic exposure (95% O2) stabilized the phagocytic activity of macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. The AA-enhanced macrophage function was associated with significantly decreased production of intracellular ROS and accumulation of extracellular HMGB1. These data suggest that AA supplementation can prevent or attenuate the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients receiving oxygen support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek S Patel
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, New York
| | - Vaishali Sampat
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, New York
| | | | - Ravikumar Sitapara
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, New York
| | - Haichao Wang
- 3 The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, New York
| | - Charles R Ashby
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, New York
| | - Douglas D Thomas
- 4 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lin L Mantell
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Queens, New York.,3 The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York; and
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Niedzwiecki A, Roomi MW, Kalinovsky T, Rath M. Anticancer Efficacy of Polyphenols and Their Combinations. Nutrients 2016; 8:E552. [PMID: 27618095 PMCID: PMC5037537 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, found abundantly in plants, display many anticarcinogenic properties including their inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation, tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inflammation as well as inducing apoptosis. In addition, they can modulate immune system response and protect normal cells against free radicals damage. Most investigations on anticancer mechanisms of polyphenols were conducted with individual compounds. However, several studies, including ours, have indicated that anti-cancer efficacy and scope of action can be further enhanced by combining them synergistically with chemically similar or different compounds. While most studies investigated the anti-cancer effects of combinations of two or three compounds, we used more comprehensive mixtures of specific polyphenols and mixtures of polyphenols with vitamins, amino acids and other micronutrients. The mixture containing quercetin, curcumin, green tea, cruciferex, and resveratrol (PB) demonstrated significant inhibition of the growth of Fanconi anemia head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 secretion, cell migration and invasion through Matrigel. PB was found effective in inhibition of fibrosarcoma HT-1080 and melanoma A2058 cell proliferation, MMP-2 and -9 expression, invasion through Matrigel and inducing apoptosis, important parameters for cancer prevention. A combination of polyphenols (quercetin and green tea extract) with vitamin C, amino acids and other micronutrients (EPQ) demonstrated significant suppression of ovarian cancer ES-2 xenograft tumor growth and suppression of ovarian tumor growth and lung metastasis from IP injection of ovarian cancer A-2780 cells. The EPQ mixture without quercetin (NM) also has shown potent anticancer activity in vivo and in vitro in a few dozen cancer cell lines by inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis, MMP-2 and -9 secretion, invasion, angiogenesis, and cell growth as well as induction of apoptosis. The presence of vitamin C, amino acids and other micronutrients could enhance inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on secretion of MMPs. In addition, enrichment of NM with quercetin (EPQ mix) enhanced anticancer activity of NM in vivo. In conclusion, polyphenols, especially in combination with other polyphenols or micronutrients, have been shown to be effective against multiple targets in cancer development and progression, and should be considered as safe and effective approaches in cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Waheed Roomi
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 1260 Memorex Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA.
| | - Tatiana Kalinovsky
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 1260 Memorex Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA.
| | - Matthias Rath
- Dr. Rath Research Institute, 1260 Memorex Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA.
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Ghasemi S, Hosseini M, Feizpour A, Alipour F, Sadeghi A, Vafaee F, Mohammadpour T, Soukhtanloo M, Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan A, Beheshti F. Beneficial effects of garlic on learning and memory deficits and brain tissue damages induced by lead exposure during juvenile rat growth is comparable to the effect of ascorbic acid. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:206-214. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1197238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simagol Ghasemi
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran,
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran,
| | - Azadeh Feizpour
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran,
| | - Fatemeh Alipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
| | - Akram Sadeghi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
| | - Farzaneh Vafaee
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran,
| | - Toktam Mohammadpour
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, and
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran,
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Abyar F, Farrokhpour H. Ionization of vitamin C in gas phase: Theoretical study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2016; 160:11-7. [PMID: 27092998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the gas phase ionization energies and photoelectron spectra of four important conformers of vitamin C were calculated. Symmetry adapted cluster/configuration interaction methodology employing the single and double excitation operators (SAC-CI SD-R) along with D95++(d,p) basis set were used for the calculations. Thermochemistry calculations were also performed on all possible conformers of vitamin C to find the relative stability of conformers in the gas phase. The calculated ionization bands of each conformer were assigned by calculating the contribution of natural bonding orbital (NBO) in the calculated canonical molecular orbitals involved in the ionization. SAC-CI calculations showed that the first ionization band of vitamin C is related to the π electrons of CC bond of the ring of molecule although, there is the lone electron pairs of oxygen atoms and π electrons of CO bond in the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abyar
- Department of Engineering, Ardakan University, Ardakan 89518-95491, Iran.
| | - Hossein Farrokhpour
- Chemistry Department, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
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Akhtar MF, Ashraf M, Anjum AA, Javeed A, Sharif A, Saleem A, Akhtar B. Textile industrial effluent induces mutagenicity and oxidative DNA damage and exploits oxidative stress biomarkers in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 41:180-186. [PMID: 26710178 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to complex mixtures like textile effluent poses risks to animal and human health such as mutations, genotoxicity and oxidative damage. Aim of the present study was to quantify metals in industrial effluent and to determine its mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxic potential and effects on oxidative stress biomarkers in effluent exposed rats. Metal analysis revealed presence of high amounts of zinc, copper, chromium, iron, arsenic and mercury in industrial effluent. Ames test with/without enzyme activation and MTT assay showed strong association of industrial effluent with mutagenicity and cytotoxicity respectively. In-vitro comet assay revealed evidence of high oxidative DNA damage. When Wistar rats were exposed to industrial effluent in different dilutions for 60 days, then activities of total superoxide dismutase and catalase and hydrogen peroxide concentration were found to be significantly lower in kidney, liver and blood/plasma of effluent exposed rats than control. Vitamin C in a dose of 50 mg/kg/day significantly reduced oxidative effects of effluent in rats. On the basis of this study it is concluded that industrial effluent may cause mutagenicity, in-vitro oxidative stress-related DNA damage and cytotoxicity and may be associated with oxidative stress in rats. Vitamin C may have ameliorating effect when exposed to effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Abdul Qadir Jilani Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Khodaeian M, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Qorbani M, Farzadfar F, Amini P, Larijani B. Effect of vitamins C and E on insulin resistance in diabetes: a meta-analysis study. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:1161-74. [PMID: 26313310 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the effect of vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) supplementation on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are controversial. We aimed to systematically review the current data on this topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted to assess the effect of VC and/or VE on insulin resistance in diabetes published in Google Scholar and PubMed web databases until January 2014 were included. Exclusion criteria were studies conducted in animal, type 1 DM, children or pregnant women. Main outcome measure was insulin resistance by homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index. According to degree of heterogeneity, fixed- or random-effect model was employed by stata software (11.0). RESULTS We selected 14 RCTs involving 735 patients with T2DM. VE or mixture-mode supplementation did not have any significant effect on HOMA with a standardized mean difference (SMD): 0·017, 95% CI: -0·376 to 0·411 (P = 0·932); and SMD: -0·035, 95% CI: -0·634 to 0·025 (P = 0·070), respectively, by random-effect model. VC supplement alone did not improve insulin resistance with a SMD: -0·150, 95% CI: -0·494 to 0·194 (P = 0·391), by fixed-effect model. Meta-regression test demonstrated that HOMA index may have not been influenced by the year of publication, dosage or duration of treatment. CONCLUSIONS The sole intake of VC, VE or their combination with other antioxidants could not improve insulin resistance in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Khodaeian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Amini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nagy Z, Daood H, Ambrózy Z, Helyes L. Determination of Polyphenols, Capsaicinoids, and Vitamin C in New Hybrids of Chili Peppers. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:102125. [PMID: 26495153 PMCID: PMC4606152 DOI: 10.1155/2015/102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Six hybrids were subjected to chromatographic analyses by HPLC for the determination of phytochemicals such as capsaicinoid, polyphenol, and vitamin C. The dynamics of ripening of 4 of the hybrids were also characterised. Seven capsaicinoids could be separated and determined; the major compounds were nordihydrocapsaicin, capsaicin, and dihydrocapsaicin, while homocapsaicin and homodihydrocapsaicin derivatives were detected as minor constituents. Capsaicin content ranged between 95.5 ± 4.15 and 1610.2 ± 91.46 μg/g FW, and the highest value was found in Bandai (C. frutescens) at the green ripening stage. The major capsaicinoids had a decreasing tendency in Bandai and Chili 3735 hybrids, while no change was observed in Beibeihong and Lolo during ripening. Nine polyphenol compounds were detected including 8 flavonoids and a nonflavonoid compound in the pods of all hybrids. The major components were naringenin-diglucoside, catechin, and vanillic acid-derivative and luteolin-glucoside. Naringenin-diglucoside ranged from 93.5 ± 4.26 to 368.8 ± 30.77 μg/g FW. Except vanillic acid-derivative, dominant polyphenols increased or remained unchanged during ripening. As for vitamin C, its content tended to increase with the advance in ripening in all hybrids included in this study. The highest value of 3689.4 ± 39.50 μg/g FW was recorded in Fire Flame hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Nagy
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly Street 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Hussein Daood
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Szent István University, Páter Károly Street 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Ambrózy
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly Street 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Lajos Helyes
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly Street 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
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Choi JI, Srinivasan P, Park H. Decontamination of W
ithania somnifera
by Gamma Irradiation and its Effect on Antioxidant Activities. J FOOD QUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfq.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Chonnam National University; Gwangju 500-757 South Korea
| | - Periasamy Srinivasan
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; Jeongeup South Korea
| | - Hyun Park
- Korea Polar Research Institute; Incheon South Korea
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Gomes RG, Lisboa LA, Silva CB, Max MC, Marino PC, Oliveira RL, González SM, Barreiros TRR, Marinho LSR, Seneda MM. Improvement of development of equine preantral follicles after 6 days of in vitro culture with ascorbic acid supplementation. Theriogenology 2015; 84:750-5. [PMID: 26074067 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of ascorbic acid (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) in supplemented minimum essential medium (MEM+) on the development of equine preantral follicles that were cultured in vitro for 2 or 6 days. The contralateral ovaries (n = 5) from five mares in seasonal anestrus were collected from a local abattoir. Nine ovarian tissue fragments of approximately 5 × 5 × 1 mm were obtained from each animal. One fragment was immediately fixed and subjected to histologic analysis (control group; Day 0), and the other eight were placed in PBS supplemented with penicillin (200 IU/mL) and streptomycin (200 mg/mL) at 4 °C for 1 hour (during transport to the laboratory). The fragments were cultured in situ for 2 days (D2) or 6 days (D6) in MEM+ or MEM+ plus ascorbic acid at three different concentrations, establishing the following nine groups: control; MEM+ (D2); MEM+ (D6); MEM+ 25 μg/mL of ascorbic acid (D2); MEM+ 25 μg/mL of ascorbic acid (D6); MEM+ 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid (D2); MEM+ 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid (D6); MEM+ 100 μg/mL of ascorbic acid (D2); and MEM+ 100 μg/mL of ascorbic acid (D6). The preantral follicles were classified according to their stage (primordial, primary, secondary, or antral) and their morphology (normal or abnormal). Slides (n = 951) including 4450 histologic sections were evaluated. Follicles were observed in only 4.85% (216 of 4450) of the histologic sections. Of the 407 follicles evaluated, 120 were in the primordial stage and 287 were in different developmental stages; additionally, 43.5% were morphologically normal. After 6 days of culture, the groups cultured with 50 and 100 μg/mL of ascorbic acid differed in terms of follicular development compared with the other groups. On the basis of occurrence of follicular development and the presence of viable follicles, it can be concluded that a positive effect of culture for 6 days in MEM+ supplemented with 50 and 100 μg/mL of ascorbic acid was observed on equine ovarian fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Gomes
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - L A Lisboa
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - C B Silva
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - M C Max
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - P C Marino
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - R L Oliveira
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - S M González
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - T R R Barreiros
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução Animal, DVPA, UENP, Bandeirantes, Parana, Brazil
| | - L S R Marinho
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - M M Seneda
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, UEL, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
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Domínguez-Perles R, Mena P, García-Viguera C, Moreno DA. Brassica foods as a dietary source of vitamin C: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:1076-91. [PMID: 24499123 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.626873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brassica genus includes known horticultural vegetables with major economical importance worldwide, and involves vegetables of economical importance being part of the diet and source of oils for industry in many countries. Brassicales own a broad array of health-promoting compounds, emphasized as healthy rich sources of vitamin C. The adequate management of pre- and postharvest factors including crop varieties, growth conditions, harvesting, handling, storage, and final consumer operations would lead to increase or preserve of the vitamin C content or reduced losses by interfering in the catalysis mechanisms that remains largely unknown, and should be reviewed. Likewise, the importance of the food matrix on the absorption and metabolism of vitamin C is closely related to the range of the health benefits attributed to its intake. However, less beneficial effects were derived when purified compounds were administered in comparison to the ingestion of horticultural products such as Brassicas, which entail a closely relation between this food matrix and the bioavailability of its content in vitamin C. This fact should be here also discussed. These vegetables of immature flowers or leaves are used as food stuffs all over the world and represent a considerable part of both western and non-Western diets, being inexpensive crops widely spread and reachable to all social levels, constituting an important source of dietary vitamin C, which may work synergistically with the wealth of bioactive compounds present in these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Domínguez-Perles
- a Phytochemistry Lab. Department of Food Science and Technology , Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC) , Espinardo , Murcia , 30100 , Spain
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Muñoz-Montesino C, Roa FJ, Peña E, González M, Sotomayor K, Inostroza E, Muñoz CA, González I, Maldonado M, Soliz C, Reyes AM, Vera JC, Rivas CI. Mitochondrial ascorbic acid transport is mediated by a low-affinity form of the sodium-coupled ascorbic acid transporter-2. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 70:241-54. [PMID: 24594434 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fundamental importance of the redox metabolism of mitochondria under normal and pathological conditions, our knowledge regarding the transport of vitamin C across mitochondrial membranes remains far from complete. We report here that human HEK-293 cells express a mitochondrial low-affinity ascorbic acid transporter that molecularly corresponds to SVCT2, a member of the sodium-coupled ascorbic acid transporter family 2. The transporter SVCT1 is absent from HEK-293 cells. Confocal colocalization experiments with anti-SVCT2 and anti-organelle protein markers revealed that most of the SVCT2 immunoreactivity was associated with mitochondria, with minor colocalization at the endoplasmic reticulum and very low immunoreactivity at the plasma membrane. Immunoblotting of proteins extracted from highly purified mitochondrial fractions confirmed that SVCT2 protein was associated with mitochondria, and transport analysis revealed a sigmoidal ascorbic acid concentration curve with an apparent ascorbic acid transport Km of 0.6mM. Use of SVCT2 siRNA for silencing SVCT2 expression produced a major decrease in mitochondrial SVCT2 immunoreactivity, and immunoblotting revealed decreased SVCT2 protein expression by approximately 75%. Most importantly, the decreased protein expression was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the mitochondrial ascorbic acid transport rate. Further studies using HEK-293 cells overexpressing SVCT2 at the plasma membrane revealed that the altered kinetic properties of mitochondrial SVCT2 are due to the ionic intracellular microenvironment (low in sodium and high in potassium), with potassium acting as a concentration-dependent inhibitor of SVCT2. We discarded the participation of two glucose transporters previously described as mitochondrial dehydroascorbic acid transporters; GLUT1 is absent from mitochondria and GLUT10 is not expressed in HEK-293 cells. Overall, our data indicate that intracellular SVCT2 is localized in mitochondria, is sensitive to an intracellular microenvironment low in sodium and high in potassium, and functions as a low-affinity ascorbic acid transporter. We propose that the mitochondrial localization of SVCT2 is a property shared across cells, tissues, and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Muñoz-Montesino
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco J Roa
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo Peña
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mauricio González
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Kirsty Sotomayor
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eveling Inostroza
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina A Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Iván González
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mafalda Maldonado
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Soliz
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alejandro M Reyes
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Vera
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Coralia I Rivas
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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Zalata A, Elhanbly S, Abdalla H, Serria MS, Aziz A, El-Dakrooy SA, El-Bakary AA, Mostafa T. In vitro study of cypermethrin on human spermatozoa and the possible protective role of vitamins C and E. Andrologia 2013; 46:1141-7. [PMID: 24329529 DOI: 10.1111/and.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cypermethrin, a type II synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, is widely used in pest control programmes in agriculture and public health. This study aimed to assess the potential effect of cypermethrin on human spermatozoa and the possible ameliorative effects of vitamins C and E. Semen samples of 20 healthy normozoospermic men were divided into six aliquots at room temperature. The first aliquot served as control not exposed to treatments, and the second was incubated with 20 mm vit. C and 2 mm vit. E where the third one was exposed to 10 μm cypermethrin for 6 h. The other three aliquots were incubated with vit. C, vit. E and both vitamins for 30 min before cypermethrin exposure. Semen aliquots were analysed for sperm motility, sperm viability, hypo-osmotic swelling test and modified alkaline comet assay. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in sperm motion, sperm function and increased sperm DNA damage in the cypermethrin group. Addition of vitamins C and E alone/combined led to significant improvement in sperm motion, sperm function and DNA damage, being maximal with both vitamins together. It is concluded that in vitro cypermethrin can alter sperm function and induce DNA damage in spermatozoa, which is improved after using vitamins C and E.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zalata
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Samoylenko A, Hossain JA, Mennerich D, Kellokumpu S, Hiltunen JK, Kietzmann T. Nutritional countermeasures targeting reactive oxygen species in cancer: from mechanisms to biomarkers and clinical evidence. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2157-96. [PMID: 23458328 PMCID: PMC3869543 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert various biological effects and contribute to signaling events during physiological and pathological processes. Enhanced levels of ROS are highly associated with different tumors, a Western lifestyle, and a nutritional regime. The supplementation of food with traditional antioxidants was shown to be protective against cancer in a number of studies both in vitro and in vivo. However, recent large-scale human trials in well-nourished populations did not confirm the beneficial role of antioxidants in cancer, whereas there is a well-established connection between longevity of several human populations and increased amount of antioxidants in their diets. Although our knowledge about ROS generators, ROS scavengers, and ROS signaling has improved, the knowledge about the direct link between nutrition, ROS levels, and cancer is limited. These limitations are partly due to lack of standardized reliable ROS measurement methods, easily usable biomarkers, knowledge of ROS action in cellular compartments, and individual genetic predispositions. The current review summarizes ROS formation due to nutrition with respect to macronutrients and antioxidant micronutrients in the context of cancer and discusses signaling mechanisms, used biomarkers, and its limitations along with large-scale human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Samoylenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jubayer Al Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniela Mennerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Bancirova M. The tea protection against the reactive oxygen species produced via the photodynamic effect induced by daylight. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jetti R, Raghuveer CV, Mallikarjuna RC. Protective effect of ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba against learning and memory deficits caused by fluoride. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:183-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713498460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride is present in the ground water, World Health Organization permitted level of fluoride in the ground water is 0.5 ppm. Tooth pastes, mouth washes, tea and sea fish are the sources of fluoride. Exposure to these multiple sources results in several adverse effects in addition to the fluorosis. The present study aimed to test the effect of vitamin C and Ginkgo biloba against the behavioural deficits caused by fluoride. Rats were divided into five groups with six animals in each group ( n = 6). Control group received ordinary tap water with 0.5 ppm of fluoride, the remaining groups received 100 ppm of fluoride for 30 days prior to fluoride exposure. Two groups of animals received 100 mg/kg body weight of vitamin C and G. biloba for 15 days prior to fluoride exposure. After 45 days, behavioural studies (T-Maze, passive avoidance) were conducted on the experimental animals. The results of the present study showed no behavioural deficits in the control group of animals however, the rats that received fluoride water exhibited impairment in their spatial learning and memory deficits. The deficits are not marked in the vitamin C and G. biloba groups. To conclude chronic exposure to high levels of fluoride causes severe impairment in the spatial learning and memory, these deficits can be ameliorated with the vitamin C and G. biloba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Jetti
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - CV Raghuveer
- Department of Pathology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rao C Mallikarjuna
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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