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Ahmed M, Fischer S, Robert KL, Lange KI, Stuck MW, Best S, Johnson CA, Pazour GJ, Blacque OE, Nandadasa S. Two functional forms of the Meckel-Gruber syndrome protein TMEM67 generated by proteolytic cleavage by ADAMTS9 mediate Wnt signaling and ciliogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.04.611229. [PMID: 39282264 PMCID: PMC11398388 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.04.611229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
TMEM67 mutations are the major cause of Meckel-Gruber syndrome. TMEM67 is involved in both ciliary transition zone assembly, and non-canonical Wnt signaling mediated by its extracellular domain. How TMEM67 performs these two separate functions is not known. We identify a novel cleavage motif in the extracellular domain of TMEM67 cleaved by the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase ADAMTS9. This cleavage regulates the abundance of two functional forms: A C-terminal portion which localizes to the ciliary transition zone regulating ciliogenesis, and a non-cleaved form which regulates Wnt signaling. By characterizing three TMEM67 ciliopathy patient variants within the cleavage motif utilizing mammalian cell culture and C. elegans, we show the cleavage motif is essential for cilia structure and function, highlighting its clinical significance. We generated a novel non-cleavable TMEM67 mouse model which develop severe ciliopathies phenocopying Tmem67 -/- mice, but in contrast, undergo normal Wnt signaling, substantiating the existence of two functional forms of TMEM67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Sydney Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Karyn L. Robert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Karen I. Lange
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael W. Stuck
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Sunayna Best
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Colin A. Johnson
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gregory J. Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Oliver E. Blacque
- School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sumeda Nandadasa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA
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2
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Agarwal P, Berger S, Shemesh T, Zaidel-Bar R. Active nuclear positioning and actomyosin contractility maintain leader cell integrity during gonadogenesis. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2373-2386.e5. [PMID: 38776903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Proper distribution of organelles can play an important role in a moving cell's performance. During C. elegans gonad morphogenesis, the nucleus of the leading distal tip cell (DTC) is always found at the front, yet the significance of this localization is unknown. Here, we identified the molecular mechanism that keeps the nucleus at the front, despite a frictional force that pushes it backward. The Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne homology (KASH) domain protein UNC-83 links the nucleus to the motor protein kinesin-1 that moves along a polarized acentrosomal microtubule network. Interestingly, disrupting nuclear positioning on its own did not affect gonad morphogenesis. However, reducing actomyosin contractility on top of nuclear mispositioning led to a dramatic phenotype: DTC splitting and gonad bifurcation. Long-term live imaging of the double knockdown revealed that, while the gonad attempted to perform a planned U-turn, the DTC was stretched due to the lagging nucleus until it fragmented into a nucleated cell and an enucleated cytoplast, each leading an independent gonadal arm. Remarkably, the enucleated cytoplast had polarity and invaded, but it could only temporarily support germ cell proliferation. Based on a qualitative biophysical model, we conclude that the leader cell employs two complementary mechanical approaches to preserve its integrity and ensure proper organ morphogenesis while navigating through a complex 3D environment: active nuclear positioning by microtubule motors and actomyosin-driven cortical contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Agarwal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Simon Berger
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tom Shemesh
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ronen Zaidel-Bar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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3
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Rodrigo AP, Moutinho Cabral I, Alexandre A, Costa PM. Exploration of Toxins from a Marine Annelid: An Analysis of Phyllotoxins and Accompanying Bioactives. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:635. [PMID: 38396603 PMCID: PMC10885894 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteinaceous toxins are peptides or proteins that hold great biotechnological value, evidenced by their ecological role, whether as defense or predation mechanisms. Bioprospecting using bioinformatics and omics may render screening for novel bioactives more expeditious, especially considering the immense diversity of toxin-secreting marine organisms. Eulalia sp. (Annelida: Phyllodocidae), a toxin bearing marine annelid, was recently shown to secrete cysteine-rich protein (Crisp) toxins (hitherto referred to as 'phyllotoxins') that can immobilize its prey. By analyzing and validating transcriptomic data, we narrowed the list of isolated full coding sequences of transcripts of the most abundant toxins or accompanying bioactives secreted by the species (the phyllotoxin Crisp, hyaluronidase, serine protease, and peptidases M12A, M13, and M12B). Through homology matching with human proteins, the biotechnological potential of the marine annelid's toxins and related proteins was tentatively associated with coagulative and anti-inflammatory responses for the peptidases PepM12A, SePr, PepM12B, and PepM13, and with the neurotoxic activity of Crisp, and finally, hyaluronidase was inferred to bear properties of an permeabilizing agent. The in silico analysis succeeded by validation by PCR and Sanger sequencing enabled us to retrieve cDNAs can may be used for the heterologous expression of these toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Rodrigo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.C.); (A.A.)
- UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Inês Moutinho Cabral
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.C.); (A.A.)
- UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - António Alexandre
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.C.); (A.A.)
- UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (I.M.C.); (A.A.)
- UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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He Y, Carver JJ, Erickson T, Le Pabic P, Zhu Y. Dynamic and broad expression of adamts9 in developing and adult zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1449-1461. [PMID: 37436116 PMCID: PMC10784420 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed that Adamts9 is involved in multiple functions including ovulation, spine formation, primordial germ cell migration, and development of primary ovarian follicles in animals. However, systemic examination and high-resolution analyses of adamts9 expression are missing due to lack of a sensitive reporter assay. RESULTS In the present study, we created a new transgenic zebrafish reporter line Tg(adamts9:EGFP) and assayed its expression in various tissues and cells during development and in adults at high-resolution using confocal imaging. Reporter expression was validated with real-time quantitative PCR, whole mount in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry for endogenous adamts9. Strong expression of the adamts9:EGFP transgene was found in a wide range of adult and embryonic zebrafish tissues/cells including ovaries, testes, brains, eyes, pectoral fins, intestine, skin, gill, muscle, and heart; while lower expression was observed in the liver and growing ovarian follicles (stages II and III). CONCLUSIONS Our results of a broad and dynamic expression pattern for this evolutionary conserved metalloprotease suggest involvement of adamts9 in the development and physiological functions of various tissues in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfa He
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, No. 2 TianSheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, 101 E. 10 St., Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Jonathan J Carver
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, 101 E. 10 St., Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Timothy Erickson
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Pierre Le Pabic
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, 101 E. 10 St., Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Hu H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang C, Li G, Zhang T, Dong B. Comprehensive Analysis of ADAMTS Gene Family in Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma and ADAMTS10 Research Combining Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00915-8. [PMID: 37861954 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the cancers that posed a severe threat to human life on a global scale. The ADAMTS family has been proven to be involved in a number of tumor types, although it is yet unknown how they relate to ccRCC. The mRNA expression matrix and other clinically relevant information of 607 ccRCC were sourced from TCGA database. The role of ADAMTS family genes in ccRCC was determined by differential gene expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Employing stage grading, gene mutation, and survival analysis, the genes most linked to the prognosis of ccRCC were identified. The influence of genes on the pathway was determined by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genes (KEGG) analysis. Following that, the gene's impact on ccRCC was verified by qRT-PCR, WB, MTT, Transwell detection, and a wound healing assay. Bioinformatics analysis showed that ADAMTS10 was overexpressed in cancerous tissues of people with ccRCC and its expression increased with tumor grade. Mutation analysis showed that the main cause of mutation in the ADAMTS family gene was amplification. The prognosis and survival of the ADAMTS10 elevated expression group were lower than those of the poorly expressed group, as demonstrated by a survival analysis. On the basis of the findings of MRI, we examined 60 clinical patients and collected their cancer along with the surrounding tissues. The results of qPCR detection showed that the expression of ADAMTS10 was considerably higher in cancerous regions of 60 clinical users than it was in the tissues nearby. Inhibiting ADAMTS10 development prevents cancer cells from proliferating, invading, and migrating. The KEGG analysis links ADAMTS10 to the NF-κB signal pathway. WB experiment confirmed that inhibiting ADAMTS10 expression can inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signal pathway. ADAMTS10 may be a promising prognostic marker for ccRCC that can be employed independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Hu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, 64 Zhonghua Xi Lu, Jianhua District, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar City, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, 64 Zhonghua Xi Lu, Jianhua District, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, 64 Zhonghua Xi Lu, Jianhua District, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guoan Li
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, 64 Zhonghua Xi Lu, Jianhua District, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar City, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar City, China
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Dennler O, Coste F, Blanquart S, Belleannée C, Théret N. Phylogenetic inference of the emergence of sequence modules and protein-protein interactions in the ADAMTS-TSL family. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011404. [PMID: 37651409 PMCID: PMC10499240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous computational methods based on sequences or structures have been developed for the characterization of protein function, but they are still unsatisfactory to deal with the multiple functions of multi-domain protein families. Here we propose an original approach based on 1) the detection of conserved sequence modules using partial local multiple alignment, 2) the phylogenetic inference of species/genes/modules/functions evolutionary histories, and 3) the identification of co-appearances of modules and functions. Applying our framework to the multidomain ADAMTS-TSL family including ADAMTS (A Disintegrin-like and Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motif) and ADAMTS-like proteins over nine species including human, we identify 45 sequence module signatures that are associated with the occurrence of 278 Protein-Protein Interactions in ancestral genes. Some of these signatures are supported by published experimental data and the others provide new insights (e.g. ADAMTS-5). The module signatures of ADAMTS ancestors notably highlight the dual variability of the propeptide and ancillary regions suggesting the importance of these two regions in the specialization of ADAMTS during evolution. Our analyses further indicate convergent interactions of ADAMTS with COMP and CCN2 proteins. Overall, our study provides 186 sequence module signatures that discriminate distinct subgroups of ADAMTS and ADAMTSL and that may result from selective pressures on novel functions and phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dennler
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR S1085, Rennes, France
| | - François Coste
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Théret
- Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, UMR 6074, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset, UMR S1085, Rennes, France
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7
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Nandadasa S, Martin D, Deshpande G, Robert KL, Stack MS, Itoh Y, Apte SS. Degradomic Identification of Membrane Type 1-Matrix Metalloproteinase as an ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 Substrate. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100566. [PMID: 37169079 PMCID: PMC10267602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted metalloproteases ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 are implicated in extracellular matrix proteolysis and primary cilium biogenesis. Here, we show that clonal gene-edited RPE-1 cells in which ADAMTS9 was inactivated, and which constitutively lack ADAMTS20 expression, have morphologic characteristics distinct from parental RPE-1 cells. To investigate underlying proteolytic mechanisms, a quantitative terminomics method, terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates was used to compare the parental and gene-edited RPE-1 cells and their medium to identify ADAMTS9 substrates. Among differentially abundant neo-amino (N) terminal peptides arising from secreted and transmembrane proteins, a peptide with lower abundance in the medium of gene-edited cells suggested cleavage at the Tyr314-Gly315 bond in the ectodomain of the transmembrane metalloprotease membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), whose mRNA was also reduced in gene-edited cells. This cleavage, occurring in the MT1-MMP hinge, that is, between the catalytic and hemopexin domains, was orthogonally validated both by lack of an MT1-MMP catalytic domain fragment in the medium of gene-edited cells and restoration of its release from the cell surface by reexpression of ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 and was dependent on hinge O-glycosylation. A C-terminally semitryptic MT1-MMP peptide with greater abundance in WT RPE-1 medium identified a second ADAMTS9 cleavage site in the MT1-MMP hemopexin domain. Consistent with greater retention of MT1-MMP on the surface of gene-edited cells, pro-MMP2 activation, which requires cell surface MT1-MMP, was increased. MT1-MMP knockdown in gene-edited ADAMTS9/20-deficient cells restored focal adhesions but not ciliogenesis. The findings expand the web of interacting proteases at the cell surface, suggest a role for ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 in regulating cell surface activity of MT1-MMP, and indicate that MT1-MMP shedding does not underlie their observed requirement in ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeda Nandadasa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Daniel Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gauravi Deshpande
- Imaging Core Facility, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Karyn L Robert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Itoh
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Garau J, Charras A, Varesio C, Orcesi S, Dragoni F, Galli J, Fazzi E, Gagliardi S, Pansarasa O, Cereda C, Hedrich CM. Altered DNA methylation and gene expression predict disease severity in patients with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Clin Immunol 2023; 249:109299. [PMID: 36963449 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS) is a rare neuro-inflammatory disease characterized by increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Disease-causing mutations are present in genes associated with innate antiviral responses. Disease presentation and severity vary, even between patients with identical mutations from the same family. This study investigated DNA methylation signatures in PBMCs to understand phenotypic heterogeneity in AGS patients with mutations in RNASEH2B. AGS patients presented hypomethylation of ISGs and differential methylation patterns (DMPs) in genes involved in "neutrophil and platelet activation". Patients with "mild" phenotypes exhibited DMPs in genes involved in "DNA damage and repair", whereas patients with "severe" phenotypes had DMPs in "cell fate commitment" and "organ development" associated genes. DMPs in two ISGs (IFI44L, RSAD2) associated with increased gene expression in patients with "severe" when compared to "mild" phenotypes. In conclusion, altered DNA methylation and ISG expression as biomarkers and potential future treatment targets in AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Garau
- Neurogenetics Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amandine Charras
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Costanza Varesio
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Orcesi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Dragoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jessica Galli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Cellular Model and Neuroepigenetics, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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9
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Sharma D, Singh NK. The Biochemistry and Physiology of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAMs and ADAM-TSs) in Human Pathologies. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 184:69-120. [PMID: 35061104 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metalloproteinases are a group of proteinases that plays a substantial role in extracellular matrix remodeling and its molecular signaling. Among these metalloproteinases, ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinases) and ADAM-TSs (ADAMs with thrombospondin domains) have emerged as highly efficient contributors mediating proteolytic processing of various signaling molecules. ADAMs are transmembrane metalloenzymes that facilitate the extracellular domain shedding of membrane-anchored proteins, cytokines, growth factors, ligands, and their receptors and therefore modulate their biological functions. ADAM-TSs are secretory, and soluble extracellular proteinases that mediate the cleavage of non-fibrillar extracellular matrix proteins. ADAMs and ADAM-TSs possess pro-domain, metalloproteinase, disintegrin, and cysteine-rich domains in common, but ADAM-TSs have characteristic thrombospondin motifs instead of the transmembrane domain. Most ADAMs and ADAM-TSs are activated by cleavage of pro-domain via pro-protein convertases at their N-terminus, hence directing them to various signaling pathways. In this article, we are discussing not only the structure and regulation of ADAMs and ADAM-TSs, but also the importance of these metalloproteinases in various human pathophysiological conditions like cardiovascular diseases, colorectal cancer, autoinflammatory diseases (sepsis/rheumatoid arthritis), Alzheimer's disease, proliferative retinopathies, and infectious diseases. Therefore, based on the emerging role of ADAMs and ADAM-TSs in various human pathologies, as summarized in this review, these metalloproteases can be considered as critical therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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10
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Isthmin-A Multifaceted Protein Family. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010017. [PMID: 36611811 PMCID: PMC9818725 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isthmin (ISM) is a secreted protein family with two members, namely ISM1 and ISM2, both containing a TSR1 domain followed by an AMOP domain. Its broad expression pattern suggests diverse functions in developmental and physiological processes. Over the past few years, multiple studies have focused on the functional analysis of the ISM protein family in several events, including angiogenesis, metabolism, organ homeostasis, immunity, craniofacial development, and cancer. Even though ISM was identified two decades ago, we are still short of understanding the roles of the ISM protein family in embryonic development and other pathological processes. To address the role of ISM, functional studies have begun but unresolved issues remain. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of ISM, it is crucial to determine its interactions with other ligands and receptors that lead to the activation of downstream signalling pathways. This review provides a perspective on the gene organization and evolution of the ISM family, their links with developmental and physiological functions, and key questions for the future.
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11
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Agarwal P, Shemesh T, Zaidel-Bar R. Directed cell invasion and asymmetric adhesion drive tissue elongation and turning in C. elegans gonad morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2111-2126.e6. [PMID: 36049484 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of the C. elegans gonad has long been studied as a model of organogenesis driven by collective cell migration. A somatic cell named the distal tip cell (DTC) is thought to serve as the leader of following germ cells; yet, the mechanism for DTC propulsion and maneuvering remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the DTC is not self-propelled but rather is pushed by the proliferating germ cells. Proliferative pressure pushes the DTC forward, against the resistance of the basement membrane in front. The DTC locally secretes metalloproteases that degrade the impeding membrane, resulting in gonad elongation. Turning of the gonad is achieved by polarized DTC-matrix adhesions. The asymmetrical traction results in a bending moment on the DTC. Src and Cdc42 regulate integrin adhesion polarity, whereas an external netrin signal determines DTC orientation. Our findings challenge the current view of DTC migration and offer a distinct framework to understand organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Agarwal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tom Shemesh
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Ronen Zaidel-Bar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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12
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Bahar ME, Hwang JS, Ahmed M, Lai TH, Pham TM, Elashkar O, Akter KM, Kim DH, Yang J, Kim DR. Targeting Autophagy for Developing New Therapeutic Strategy in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081571. [PMID: 36009290 PMCID: PMC9405341 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent cause of low back pain. IVDD is characterized by abnormal expression of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and aggrecan. In addition, it results in dysfunctional growth, senescence, and death of intervertebral cells. The biological pathways involved in the development and progression of IVDD are not fully understood. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying IVDD could aid in the development of strategies for prevention and treatment. Autophagy is a cellular process that removes damaged proteins and dysfunctional organelles, and its dysfunction is linked to a variety of diseases, including IVDD and osteoarthritis. In this review, we describe recent research findings on the role of autophagy in IVDD pathogenesis and highlight autophagy-targeting molecules which can be exploited to treat IVDD. Many studies exhibit that autophagy protects against and postpones disc degeneration. Further research is needed to determine whether autophagy is required for cell integrity in intervertebral discs and to establish autophagy as a viable therapeutic target for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Trang Huyen Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Trang Minh Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Omar Elashkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Kazi-Marjahan Akter
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital and Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Jinsung Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-8054
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13
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Tang F, Brune JE, Chang MY, Reeves SR, Altemeier WA, Frevert CW. Defining the versican interactome in lung health and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C249-C276. [PMID: 35649251 PMCID: PMC9291419 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00162.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) imparts critical mechanical and biochemical information to cells in the lungs. Proteoglycans are essential constituents of the ECM and play a crucial role in controlling numerous biological processes, including regulating cellular phenotype and function. Versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan required for embryonic development, is almost absent from mature, healthy lungs and is reexpressed and accumulates in acute and chronic lung disease. Studies using genetically engineered mice show that the versican-enriched matrix can be pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on the cellular source or disease process studied. The mechanisms whereby versican develops a contextual ECM remain largely unknown. The primary goal of this review is to provide an overview of the interaction of versican with its many binding partners, the "versican interactome," and how through these interactions, versican is an integrator of complex extracellular information. Hopefully, the information provided in this review will be used to develop future studies to determine how versican and its binding partners can develop contextual ECMs that control select biological processes. Although this review focuses on versican and the lungs, what is described can be extended to other proteoglycans, tissues, and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Tang
- Center for Lung Biology, The University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jourdan E Brune
- Center for Lung Biology, The University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary Y Chang
- Center for Lung Biology, The University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - William A Altemeier
- Center for Lung Biology, The University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, The University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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14
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Li T, Peng J, Li Q, Shu Y, Zhu P, Hao L. The Mechanism and Role of ADAMTS Protein Family in Osteoarthritis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070959. [PMID: 35883515 PMCID: PMC9313267 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a principal cause of aches and disability worldwide. It is characterized by the inflammation of the bone leading to degeneration and loss of cartilage function. Factors, including diet, age, and obesity, impact and/or lead to osteoarthritis. In the past few years, OA has received considerable scholarly attention owing to its increasing prevalence, resulting in a cumbersome burden. At present, most of the interventions only relieve short-term symptoms, and some treatments and drugs can aggravate the disease in the long run. There is a pressing need to address the safety problems due to osteoarthritis. A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type 1 repeats (ADAMTS) metalloproteinase is a kind of secretory zinc endopeptidase, comprising 19 kinds of zinc endopeptidases. ADAMTS has been implicated in several human diseases, including OA. For example, aggrecanases, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5, participate in the cleavage of aggrecan in the extracellular matrix (ECM); ADAMTS-7 and ADAMTS-12 participate in the fission of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) into COMP lyase, and ADAMTS-2, ADAMTS-3, and ADAMTS-14 promote the formation of collagen fibers. In this article, we principally review the role of ADAMTS metalloproteinases in osteoarthritis. From three different dimensions, we explain how ADAMTS participates in all the following aspects of osteoarthritis: ECM, cartilage degeneration, and synovial inflammation. Thus, ADAMTS may be a potential therapeutic target in osteoarthritis, and this article may render a theoretical basis for the study of new therapeutic methods for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Yuan Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Peijun Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Liang Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330000, China; (T.L.); (J.P.); (Q.L.); (Y.S.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13607008562; Fax: +86-86415785
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15
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MacDonald BT, Keshishian H, Mundorff CC, Arduini A, Lai D, Bendinelli K, Popp NR, Bhandary B, Clauser KR, Specht H, Elowe NH, Laprise D, Xing Y, Kaushik VK, Carr SA, Ellinor PT. TAILS Identifies Candidate Substrates and Biomarkers of ADAMTS7, a Therapeutic Protease Target in Coronary Artery Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100223. [PMID: 35283288 PMCID: PMC9035411 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the secreted enzyme ADAMTS7 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 7) are associated with protection for coronary artery disease. ADAMTS7 catalytic inhibition has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for treating coronary artery disease; however, the lack of an endogenous substrate has hindered the development of activity-based biomarkers. To identify ADAMTS7 extracellular substrates and their cleavage sites relevant to vascular disease, we used TAILS (terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates), a method for identifying protease-generated neo-N termini. We compared the secreted proteome of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells expressing either full-length mouse ADAMTS7 WT, catalytic mutant ADAMTS7 E373Q, or a control luciferase adenovirus. Significantly enriched N-terminal cleavage sites in ADAMTS7 WT samples were compared to the negative control conditions and filtered for stringency, resulting in catalogs of high confidence candidate ADAMTS7 cleavage sites from our three independent TAILS experiments. Within the overlap of these discovery sets, we identified 24 unique cleavage sites from 16 protein substrates, including cleavage sites in EFEMP1 (EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1/Fibulin-3). The ADAMTS7 TAILS preference for EFEMP1 cleavage at the amino acids 123.124 over the adjacent 124.125 site was validated using both endogenous EFEMP1 and purified EFEMP1 in a binary in vitro cleavage assay. Collectively, our TAILS discovery experiments have uncovered hundreds of potential substrates and cleavage sites to explore disease-related biological substrates and facilitate activity-based ADAMTS7 biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T MacDonald
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Hasmik Keshishian
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles C Mundorff
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alessandro Arduini
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Lai
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kayla Bendinelli
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas R Popp
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bidur Bhandary
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harrison Specht
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nadine H Elowe
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dylan Laprise
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yi Xing
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Virendar K Kaushik
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Circulating ADAMTS13 Levels Are Associated with an Increased Occurrence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1504137. [PMID: 35392493 PMCID: PMC8983172 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1504137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is strongly associated with obesity, metabolic diseases, coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, hypertension, and other disorders. This study assessed the relationship between circulating a disintegrin and metalloprotease with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) levels and the presence of OSA. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study included a total of 223 patients. We used a powerful high-throughput multiplexed immunobead-based assay to detect circulating levels of ADAMTS13. The associations between circulating ADAMTS13 levels and OSA were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. Circulating ADAMTS13 levels were significantly elevated in patients with OSA compared with controls (0.8 vs. 2.7 μg/mL, respectively,
). After adjusting for confounding factors, circulating ADAMTS13 levels were significantly independently associated with the presence of OSA (
, 95% confidence interval (CI) =4.11–24.13,
). Furthermore, circulating ADAMTS13 levels showed discriminatory accuracy in assessing the presence of OSA (area under the curve: 0.87, 95% CI 0.81–0.93,
). Conclusion. Circulating ADAMTS13 levels were significantly correlated with the presence of OSA. ADAMTS13 may therefore function as a novel biomarker for monitoring the development and progression of OSA.
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17
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ADAM and ADAMTS disintegrin and metalloproteinases as major factors and molecular targets in vascular malfunction and disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 94:255-363. [PMID: 35659374 PMCID: PMC9231755 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) are two closely related families of proteolytic enzymes. ADAMs are largely membrane-bound enzymes that act as molecular scissors or sheddases of membrane-bound proteins, growth factors, cytokines, receptors and ligands, whereas ADAMTS are mainly secreted enzymes. ADAMs have a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin, cysteine-rich and transmembrane domain. Similarly, ADAMTS family members have a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin, and cysteine-rich domain, but instead of a transmembrane domain they have thrombospondin motifs. Most ADAMs and ADAMTS are activated by pro-protein convertases, and can be regulated by G-protein coupled receptor agonists, Ca2+ ionophores and protein kinase C. Activated ADAMs and ADAMTS participate in numerous vascular processes including angiogenesis, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, vascular cell apoptosis, cell survival, tissue repair, and wound healing. ADAMs and ADAMTS also play a role in vascular malfunction and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, and vascular aneurysm. Decreased ADAMTS13 is involved in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and microangiopathies. The activity of ADAMs and ADAMTS can be regulated by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and other synthetic small molecule inhibitors. ADAMs and ADAMTS can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and molecular targets in cardiovascular disease, and modulators of ADAMs and ADAMTS activity may provide potential new approaches for the management of cardiovascular disorders.
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18
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Zhu Y. Metalloproteases in gonad formation and ovulation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 314:113924. [PMID: 34606745 PMCID: PMC8576836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Changes in expression or activation of various metalloproteases including matrix metalloproteases (Mmp), a disintegrin and metalloprotease (Adam) and a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif (Adamts), and their endogenous inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases, Timp), have been shown to be critical for ovulation in various species from studies in past decades. Some of these metalloproteases such as Adamts1, Adamts9, Mmp2, and Mmp9 have also been shown to be regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) and/or progestin, which are essential triggers for ovulation in all vertebrate species. Most of these metalloproteases also express broadly in various tissues and cells including germ cells and somatic gonad cells. Thus, metalloproteases likely play roles in gonad formation processes comprising primordial germ cell (PGC) migration, development of germ and somatic cells, and sex determination. However, our knowledge on the functions and mechanisms of metalloproteases in these processes in vertebrates is still lacking. This review will summarize our current knowledge on the metalloproteases in ovulation and gonad formation with emphasis on PGC migration and germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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19
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Martin DR, Santamaria S, Koch CD, Ahnström J, Apte SS. Identification of novel ADAMTS1, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 cleavage sites in versican using a label-free quantitative proteomics approach. J Proteomics 2021; 249:104358. [PMID: 34450332 PMCID: PMC8713443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan versican is important for embryonic development and several human disorders. The versican V1 splice isoform is widely expressed and cleaved by ADAMTS proteases at a well-characterized site, Glu441-Ala442. Since ADAMTS proteases cleave the homologous proteoglycan aggrecan at multiple sites, we hypothesized that additional cleavage sites existed within versican. We report a quantitative label-free approach that ranks abundance of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-identified semi-tryptic peptides after versican digestion by ADAMTS1, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 to identify site-specific cleavages. Recombinant purified versican V1 constructs were digested with the recombinant full-length proteases, using catalytically inactive mutant proteases in control digests. Semi-tryptic peptide abundance ratios determined by LC-MS/MS in ADAMTS:control digests were compared to the mean of all identified peptides to obtain a z-score by which outlier peptides were ranked, using semi-tryptic peptides identifying Glu441 -Ala442 cleavage as the benchmark. Tryptic peptides with higher abundance in control digests supported cleavage site identification. We identified several novel cleavage sites supporting the ADAMTS1/4/5 cleavage site preference for a P1-Glu residue in proteoglycan substrates. Digestion of proteins in vitro and application of this z-score approach is potentially widely applicable for mapping protease cleavage sites using label-free proteomics. SIGNIFICANCE: Versican abundance and turnover are relevant to the pathogenesis of several human disorders. Versican is cleaved by A Disintegrin-like And Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS) family members at Glu441-Ala442, generating a bioactive proteoform called versikine, but additional cleavage sites and the site-specificity of individual ADAMTS proteases is unexplored. Here, we used a label-free proteomics strategy to identify versican cleavage sites for 3 ADAMTS proteases, applying a novel z-score-based statistical approach to compare the protease digests of versican to controls (digests with inactive protease) using the known protease cleavage site as a benchmark. We identified 21 novel cleavage sites that had a comparable z-score to the benchmark. Given the functional significance of versikine, they represent potentially significant cleavages and helped to refine a substrate site preference for each protease.The z-score approach is potentially widely applicable for discovery of site-specific cleavages within an purified protein or small ensemble of proteins using any protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Salvatore Santamaria
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, 5th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Koch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Josefin Ahnström
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, 5th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN London, United Kingdom
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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20
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A New Survival Model Based on ADAMTSs for Prognostic Prediction in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:2606213. [PMID: 34603444 PMCID: PMC8486512 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2606213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to explore the genetic variation, gene expression, and clinical significance of ADAMTSs (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domains with thrombospondin motifs) across cancer types. Analysis of data from the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database showed that the ADAMTSs have extensive CNV (copy number variation) and SNV (single nucleotide variation) across cancer types. Compared with normal tissues, the methylation of ADAMTSs in cancer tissues is also significantly different, which affects the expression of ADAMTS gene and the prognosis of cancer patients. Through gene expression analysis, we found that ADAMTS family has significant changes in gene expression across cancer types and is closely related to the prognosis of carcinoma, especially in ccRCC (clear cell renal cell carcinoma). LASSO regression analysis was used to establish a prognostic model based on the ADAMTSs to judge the prognosis of patients with ccRCC. Multiple Cox regression analysis suggested that age, grade, stage, and risk score of the prognostic model of ccRCC were independent prognostic factors in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma. These findings indicate that the ADAMTSs-based survival model can accurately predict the prognosis of patients with ccRCC and suggest that ADAMTSs are a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in ccRCC.
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21
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Harris TL, Silva MJ. Gene expression of intracortical bone demonstrates loading-induced increases in Wnt1 and Ngf and inhibition of bone remodeling processes. Bone 2021; 150:116019. [PMID: 34023542 PMCID: PMC8408835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes are the primary mechanosensitive cells in bone. However, their location in mineralized matrix has limited the in vivo study of osteocytic genes induced by mechanical loading. Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) allows isolation of intracortical bone (Intra-CB), enriched for osteocytes, from bone tissue for gene expression analysis. We used microarray to analyze gene expression from mouse tibial Intra-CB dissected using LCM 4 h after a single loading bout or after 5 days of loading. Osteocyte enrichment was supported by greater expression of Sost, Dmp1, Dkk1, and Mepe in Intra-CB regions vs. Mixed regions containing periosteum and muscle (fold-change (FC) = 3.4, 2.2, 5.1, 3.0, respectively). Over 150 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) due to loading (loaded vs. contralateral control) in Intra-CB were found on Day 1 and Day 5, but only 10 genes were differentially expressed on both days, including Ngf (Day 1 FC = 13.5, Day 5 FC = 11.1) and Wnt1 (Day 1 FC = 1.5, Day 5 FC = 5.1). The expression of Ngf and Wnt1 within Intra-CB was confirmed by in situ hybridization, and a significant increase in number of Wnt1 mRNA molecules occurred on day 1. We also found changes in extracellular matrix remodeling with Timp1 (FC = 3.1) increased on day 1 and MMP13 (FC = 0.3) decreased on day 5. Supporting this result, IHC for osteocytic MMP13 demonstrated a marginal decrease due to loading on day 5. Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes for loading DEGs indicated regulation of vasculature, neuronal and immune processes while cell-type specific gene lists suggested regulation of osteoclast, osteoblast, and endothelial related genes. In summary, microarray analysis of microdissected Intra-CB revealed differential regulation of Ngf, Wnt1, and MMP13 due to loading in osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L Harris
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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22
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Timms KP, Maurice SB. Context-dependent bioactivity of versican fragments. Glycobiology 2021; 30:365-373. [PMID: 31651027 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Versican (VCAN) proteolysis and the accumulation of VCAN fragments occur in many developmental and disease processes, affecting extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and cell phenotype. Little is known about the significance of proteolysis and the roles of fragments, or how this ECM remodeling affects the microenvironment and phenotype of diseased cells. G1-DPEAAE fragments promote aspects of epithelial-mesenchymal transitioning in developing and diseased cells, resulting in cell migration. Enhanced proliferation and invasion of tumor and endothelial cells is directly associated with G1 domain deposition and G1-DPEAAE localization respectively. These tumorigenic and angiogenic roles could explain the disease exacerbating effect often associated with G1-containing fragments, however, the pathogenicity of G1 fragments depends entirely upon the context. Overall, VCAN fragments promote tumorigenesis and inflammation; however, the specific cleavage site, the extent of cleavage activity and the microenvironment in which cleavage occurs collectively determine how this pleiotropic molecule and its fragments influence cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Payne Timms
- University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Sean Bertram Maurice
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Dr. Donald Rix Northern Health Sciences Centre, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC, V2N 4Z9, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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23
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Nandadasa S, Burin des Roziers C, Koch C, Tran-Lundmark K, Dours-Zimmermann MT, Zimmermann DR, Valleix S, Apte SS. A new mouse mutant with cleavage-resistant versican and isoform-specific versican mutants demonstrate that proteolysis at the Glu 441-Ala 442 peptide bond in the V1 isoform is essential for interdigital web regression. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 10:100064. [PMID: 34195596 PMCID: PMC8233476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two inherent challenges in the mechanistic interpretation of protease-deficient phenotypes are defining the specific substrate cleavages whose reduction generates the phenotypes and determining whether the phenotypes result from loss of substrate function, substrate accumulation, or loss of a function(s) embodied in the substrate fragments. Hence, recapitulation of a protease-deficient phenotype by a cleavage-resistant substrate would stringently validate the importance of a proteolytic event and clarify the underlying mechanisms. Versican is a large proteoglycan required for development of the circulatory system and proper limb development, and is cleaved by ADAMTS proteases at the Glu441-Ala442 peptide bond located in its alternatively spliced GAGβ domain. Specific ADAMTS protease mutants have impaired interdigit web regression leading to soft tissue syndactyly that is associated with reduced versican proteolysis. Versikine, the N-terminal proteolytic fragment generated by this cleavage, restores interdigit apoptosis in ADAMTS mutant webs. Here, we report a new mouse transgene, Vcan AA, with validated mutations in the GAGβ domain that specifically abolish this proteolytic event. Vcan AA/AA mice have partially penetrant hindlimb soft tissue syndactyly. However, Adamts20 inactivation in Vcan AA/AA mice leads to fully penetrant, more severe syndactyly affecting all limbs, suggesting that ADAMTS20 cleavage of versican at other sites or of other substrates is an additional requirement for web regression. Indeed, immunostaining with a neoepitope antibody against a cleavage site in the versican GAGα domain demonstrated reduced staining in the absence of ADAMTS20. Significantly, mice with deletion of Vcan exon 8, encoding the GAGβ domain, consistently developed soft tissue syndactyly, whereas mice unable to include exon 7, encoding the GAGα domain in Vcan transcripts, consistently had fully separated digits. These findings suggest that versican is cleaved within each GAG-bearing domain during web regression, and affirms that proteolysis in the GAGβ domain, via generation of versikine, has an essential role in interdigital web regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeda Nandadasa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-ND20, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Cyril Burin des Roziers
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016 - CNRS UMR8104 - Paris Descartes University Medical School, 24, Rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christopher Koch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-ND20, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Karin Tran-Lundmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Dieter R. Zimmermann
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Valleix
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016 - CNRS UMR8104 - Paris Descartes University Medical School, 24, Rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Suneel S. Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-ND20, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
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24
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Carver JJ, He Y, Zhu Y. Delay in primordial germ cell migration in adamts9 knockout zebrafish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8545. [PMID: 33879810 PMCID: PMC8058341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adamts9 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 9) is one of a few metalloproteinases structurally conserved from C. elegans to humans and is indispensable in germ cell migration in invertebrates. However, adamts9's roles in germ cell migration in vertebrates has not been examined. In the present study, we found zygotic expression of adamts9 started around the germ ring stage and reached peak levels at 3 days post fertilization (dpf) in zebrafish. The migration of primordial germ cells (PGC) was completed within 24 hours (h) in wildtype siblings, while a delay in PGC migration was found at 15 and 24-h post-fertilization (hpf) in the Adamts9 knockout (KO). However, the delayed PGC migration in Adamts9 KO disappeared at 48 hpf. Our study suggests a conserved function of Adamts9 in germ cell migration among invertebrates and vertebrates. In addition, our results also suggest that Adamts9 is not essential for germ cell migration as reported in C. elegans, possibly due to expansion of Adamts family members and compensatory roles from other metalloproteinases in vertebrates. Further studies are required in order to elucidate the functions and mechanisms of metalloproteinases in germ cell migration and gonad formation in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Carver
- Department of Biology, Howell Science Complex, East Carolina University, 1000 E. 5th Street, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA
| | - Yuanfa He
- Department of Biology, Howell Science Complex, East Carolina University, 1000 E. 5th Street, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.,College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Biology, Howell Science Complex, East Carolina University, 1000 E. 5th Street, Greenville, NC, 27858, USA.
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25
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Santamaria S, Cuffaro D, Nuti E, Ciccone L, Tuccinardi T, Liva F, D'Andrea F, de Groot R, Rossello A, Ahnström J. Exosite inhibition of ADAMTS-5 by a glycoconjugated arylsulfonamide. Sci Rep 2021; 11:949. [PMID: 33441904 PMCID: PMC7806935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80294-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAMTS-5 is a major protease involved in the turnover of proteoglycans such as aggrecan and versican. Dysregulated aggrecanase activity of ADAMTS-5 has been directly linked to the etiology of osteoarthritis (OA). For this reason, ADAMTS-5 is a pharmaceutical target for the treatment of OA. ADAMTS-5 shares high structural and functional similarities with ADAMTS-4, which makes the design of selective inhibitors particularly challenging. Here we exploited the ADAMTS-5 binding capacity of β-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine to design a new class of sugar-based arylsulfonamides. Our most promising compound, 4b, is a non-zinc binding ADAMTS-5 inhibitor which showed high selectivity over ADAMTS-4. Docking calculations combined with molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that 4b is a cross-domain inhibitor that targets the interface of the metalloproteinase and disintegrin-like domains. Furthermore, the interaction between 4b and the ADAMTS-5 Dis domain is mediated by hydrogen bonds between the sugar moiety and two lysine residues (K532 and K533). Targeted mutagenesis of these two residues confirmed their importance both for versicanase activity and inhibitor binding. This positively-charged cluster of ADAMTS-5 represents a previously unknown substrate-binding site (exosite) which is critical for substrate recognition and can therefore be targeted for the development of selective ADAMTS-5 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Santamaria
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Doretta Cuffaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Nuti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lidia Ciccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Liva
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Felicia D'Andrea
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rens de Groot
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 51 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Armando Rossello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Josefin Ahnström
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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26
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Abstract
The a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS) family comprises 19 proteases that regulate the structure and function of extracellular proteins in the extracellular matrix and blood. The best characterized cardiovascular role is that of ADAMTS-13 in blood. Moderately low ADAMTS-13 levels increase the risk of ischeamic stroke and very low levels (less than 10%) can cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Recombinant ADAMTS-13 is currently in clinical trials for treatment of TTP. Recently, new cardiovascular roles for ADAMTS proteases have been discovered. Several ADAMTS family members are important in the development of blood vessels and the heart, especially the valves. A number of studies have also investigated the potential role of ADAMTS-1, -4 and -5 in cardiovascular disease. They cleave proteoglycans such as versican, which represent major structural components of the arteries. ADAMTS-7 and -8 are attracting considerable interest owing to their implication in atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension, respectively. Mutations in the ADAMTS19 gene cause progressive heart valve disease and missense variants in ADAMTS6 are associated with cardiac conduction. In this review, we discuss in detail the evidence for these and other cardiovascular roles of ADAMTS family members, their proteolytic substrates and the potential molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Santamaria
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rens de Groot
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 51 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
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27
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Satz-Jacobowitz B, Hubmacher D. The quest for substrates and binding partners: A critical barrier for understanding the role of ADAMTS proteases in musculoskeletal development and disease. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:8-26. [PMID: 32875613 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted ADAMTS metalloproteases are involved in the sculpting, remodeling, and erosion of connective tissues throughout the body, including in the musculoskeletal system. ADAMTS proteases contribute to musculoskeletal development, pathological tissue destruction, and are mutated in congenital musculoskeletal disorders. Examples include versican cleavage by ADAMTS9 which is required for interdigital web regression during limb development, ADAMTS5-mediated aggrecan degradation in osteoarthritis resulting in joint erosion, and mutations in ADAMTS10 or ADAMTS17 that cause Weill-Marchesani syndrome, a short stature syndrome with bone, joint, muscle, cardiac, and eye involvement. Since the function of ADAMTS proteases and proteases in general is primarily defined by the molecular consequences of proteolysis of their respective substrates, it is paramount to identify all physiological substrates for each individual ADAMTS protease. Here, we review the current knowledge of ADAMTS proteases and their involvement in musculoskeletal development and disease, focusing on some of their known physiological substrates and the consequences of substrate cleavage. We further emphasize the critical need for the identification and validation of novel ADAMTS substrates and binding partners by describing the principles of mass spectrometry-based approaches and by emphasizing strategies that need to be considered for validating the physiological relevance for ADAMTS-mediated proteolysis of novel putative substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Satz-Jacobowitz
- Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dirk Hubmacher
- Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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28
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Abstract
Aggrecan is a large proteoglycan that forms giant hydrated aggregates with hyaluronan in the extracellular matrix (ECM). The extraordinary resistance of these aggregates to compression explains their abundance in articular cartilage of joints where they ensure adequate load-bearing. In the brain, they provide mechanical buffering and contribute to formation of perineuronal nets, which regulate synaptic plasticity. Aggrecan is also present in cardiac jelly, developing heart valves, and blood vessels during cardiovascular development. Whereas aggrecan is essential for skeletal development, its function in the developing cardiovascular system remains to be fully elucidated. An excess of aggrecan was demonstrated in cardiovascular tissues in aortic aneurysms, atherosclerosis, vascular re-stenosis after injury, and varicose veins. It is a product of vascular smooth muscle and is likely to be an important component of pericellular matrix, where its levels are regulated by proteases. Aggrecan can contribute to specific biophysical and regulatory properties of cardiovascular ECM via the diverse interactions of its domains, and its accumulation is likely to have a significant role in developmental and disease pathways. Here, the established biological functions of aggrecan, its cardiovascular associations, and potential roles in cardiovascular development and disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Koch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Chan Mi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
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29
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Wang C, Ni Z, Cai Y, Zhou Y, Chen W. Association of Polymorphism rs67920064 in ADAMTS9 Gene with Mandibular Retrognathism in a Chinese Population. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925965. [PMID: 32604397 PMCID: PMC7346749 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandibular retrognathism is a common oral and maxillofacial deformity that may cause a series of physical and psychological diseases. Many studies indicated that genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence of mandibular retrognathism. In this study, we assess the association between polymorphism rs67920064 in ADAMTS9 gene and mandibular retrognathism in a Chinese population. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty participants (20 to 45 y, mean age 32.79 y) were classified into Class I or mandibular retrognathism skeletal-facial profile groups in accordance with cephalometric parameters. Thirty patients with mandibular retrognathism were assigned to the subject group; the others were assigned to the control group. Cephalometric parameters including sella-nasion A point, SN point B, condylion-gnathion (Gn), and gonion-Gn were recorded. Saliva samples from these participants were collected and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to distinguish different genotypes of the rs67920064 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).We evaluated the correlation between mandibular retrognathism and polymorphism rs67920064 in the ADAMTS9 gene. RESULTS The distribution of rs67920064 gene polymorphism in ADAMST9 gene conforms to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The A point-nasion-B point angle of the participants with the GA genotype of the rs67920064 SNP showed significantly decreased values (P<0.05), but there was no difference in length of mandibular body. Beyond that, the chi-square test showed that the GA genotype of rs67920064 SNP was highly associated with mandibular retrognathism (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our research shows that there is an association between polymorphism rs67920064 in the ADAMTS9 gene and mandibular retrognathism in the Chinese population. Individuals with the GA phenotype are more likely to have mandibular retrognathism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenyu Ni
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Weiting Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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30
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Holdener BC, Percival CJ, Grady RC, Cameron DC, Berardinelli SJ, Zhang A, Neupane S, Takeuchi M, Jimenez-Vega JC, Uddin SMZ, Komatsu DE, Honkanen R, Dubail J, Apte SS, Sato T, Narimatsu H, McClain SA, Haltiwanger RS. ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 are differentially affected by loss of B3GLCT in mouse model of Peters plus syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:4053-4066. [PMID: 31600785 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peters plus syndrome (MIM #261540 PTRPLS), characterized by defects in eye development, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, short stature and brachydactyly, is caused by mutations in the β3-glucosyltransferase (B3GLCT) gene. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) and B3GLCT work sequentially to add an O-linked glucose β1-3fucose disaccharide to properly folded thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs). Forty-nine proteins are predicted to be modified by POFUT2, and nearly half are members of the ADAMTS superfamily. Previous studies suggested that O-linked fucose is essential for folding and secretion of POFUT2-modified proteins and that B3GLCT-mediated extension to the disaccharide is essential for only a subset of targets. To test this hypothesis and gain insight into the origin of PTRPLS developmental defects, we developed and characterized two mouse B3glct knockout alleles. Using these models, we tested the role of B3GLCT in enabling function of ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20, two highly conserved targets whose functions are well characterized in mouse development. The mouse B3glct mutants developed craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities comparable to PTRPLS. In addition, we observed highly penetrant hydrocephalus, white spotting and soft tissue syndactyly. We provide strong genetic and biochemical evidence that hydrocephalus and white spotting in B3glct mutants resulted from loss of ADAMTS20, eye abnormalities from partial reduction of ADAMTS9 and cleft palate from loss of ADAMTS20 and partially reduced ADAMTS9 function. Combined, these results provide compelling evidence that ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 were differentially sensitive to B3GLCT inactivation and suggest that the developmental defects in PTRPLS result from disruption of a subset of highly sensitive POFUT2/B3GLCT targets such as ADAMTS20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette C Holdener
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Richard C Grady
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Daniel C Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Steven J Berardinelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sanjiv Neupane
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Megumi Takeuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Sardar M Z Uddin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - David E Komatsu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Robert Honkanen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Johanne Dubail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Takashi Sato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Narimatsu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Steve A McClain
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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31
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Nakamura H, Vo P, Kanakis I, Liu K, Bou-Gharios G. Aggrecanase-selective tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) protects articular cartilage in a surgical mouse model of osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9288. [PMID: 32518385 PMCID: PMC7283274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A key feature of osteoarthritis is the gradual loss of articular cartilage and bone deformation, resulting in the impairment of joint function. The primary cause of cartilage destruction is considered to be the presence of elevated proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs). However, clinically tested global MMP inhibitors have low efficacy that may be due to their lack of selectivity. We previously demonstrated in vitro that a variant of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 ([-1A]TIMP3) inhibits ADAMTSs but not MMPs. In this study, we tested whether the selectivity of [-1A]TIMP3 is beneficial compared with that of the wild-type TIMP3 in preventing or delaying the onset of the degenerative effects in a mouse model of osteoarthritis. We generated transgenic mice that overexpressed TIMP3 or [-1A]TIMP3 driven by a chondrocyte-specific type II collagen promoter. TIMP3 transgenic mice showed compromised bone integrity as opposed to [-1A]TIMP3 mice. After surgically induced joint instability, TIMP3 overexpression proved to be less protective in cartilage destruction than [-1A]TIMP3 at late stages of OA. The selective inhibition of ADAMTSs provides the possibility of modifying TIMP3 to specifically target a class of cartilage-degrading proteinases and to minimize adverse effects on bone and possibly other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. .,Matrix Biology Department, the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, London, UK.
| | - Phoung Vo
- Matrix Biology Department, the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Kanakis
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Liverpool, UK
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Liverpool, UK
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32
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ADAMTS-15 Has a Tumor Suppressor Role in Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050682. [PMID: 32354091 PMCID: PMC7277637 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix remodeling has emerged as an important factor in many cancers. Proteoglycans, including versican (VCAN), are regulated via cleavage by the proteolytic actions of A Disintegrin-like And Metalloproteinase domain with Thrombospondin-1 motif (ADAMTS) family members. Alterations in the balance between Proteoglycans and ADAMTS enzymes have been proposed to contribute to cancer progression. Here, we analyzed the expression of ADAMTS-15 in human prostate cancer, and investigated the effects of enforced expression in prostate cancer cell lines. ADAMTS-15 was found to be expressed in human prostate cancer biopsies with evidence of co-localization with VCAN and its bioactive cleavage fragment versikine. Enforced expression of ADAMTS-15, but not a catalytically-inactive version, decreased cell proliferation and migration of the ‘castrate-resistant’ PC3 prostate cancer cell line in vitro, with survival increased. Analysis of ‘androgen-responsive’ LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vivo in NOD/SCID mice revealed that ADAMTS-15 expression caused slower growing tumors, which resulted in increased survival. This was not observed in castrated mice or with cells expressing catalytically-inactive ADAMTS-15. Collectively, this research identifies the enzymatic function of ADAMTS-15 as having a tumor suppressor role in prostate cancer, possibly in concert with androgens, and that VCAN represents a likely key substrate, highlighting potential new options for the clinic.
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33
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Cai Y, Ni Z, Chen W, Zhou Y. The ADAMTS9 gene is associated with mandibular retrusion in a Chinese population. Gene 2020; 749:144701. [PMID: 32335142 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many studies suggest that genetics plays an important role in mandibular retrusion. In this study, we hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADAMTS9 gene is associated with mandibular retrusion in a Han Chinese population. METHODS Saliva samples from 60 patients undergoing orthodontic for correction of malocclusion were collected. 130 SNPs genotyping of ADAMTS9 was used to asses the association of polymorphisms with the mandibular retrusion. The general linear model using age,gender and ANB as covariates weighed the relationship between SNP and mandibular retrusion. Additionally we leveraged the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method to investigate SNP-SNP interactions. The significance level was set at P < 0.05 in this study. RESULTS The general linear model results showed that four SNPs (rs1014640,rs7648540,rs75839462 and rs4605539) in the ADAMTS9 gene may be related to the occurrence of mandibular retrusion,even after Bonferroni correction. In addition, we further found that the interaction between the ADAMTS9 rs75839462 and ADAMTS9 rs80118777 promoted the occurrence of mandibular retrusion. CONCLUSION Our finding suggest that the ADAMTS9 gene may cause mandibular retrsusion independently and through SNP-SNP interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cai
- DDS, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Ni
- DDS, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Weiting Chen
- DDS, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- DDS, Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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34
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Santamaria S. ADAMTS-5: A difficult teenager turning 20. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:4-20. [PMID: 32219922 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motif (ADAMTS)-5 was identified in 1999 as one of the enzymes responsible for cleaving aggrecan, the major proteoglycan in articular cartilage. Studies in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo have validated ADAMTS-5 as a target in osteoarthritis (OA), a disease characterized by extensive degradation of aggrecan. For this reason, it attracted the interest of many research groups aiming to develop a therapeutic treatment for OA patients. However, ADAMTS-5 proteoglycanase activity is not only involved in the dysregulated aggrecan proteolysis, which occurs in OA, but also in the physiological turnover of other related proteoglycans. In particular, versican, a major ADAMTS-5 substrate, plays an important structural role in heart and blood vessels and its proteolytic processing by ADAMTS-5 must be tightly regulated. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the discovery of ADAMTS-5, this review looks at the evidence for its detrimental role in OA, as well as its physiological turnover of cardiovascular proteoglycans. Moreover, the other potential functions of this enzyme are highlighted. Finally, challenges and emerging trends in ADAMTS-5 research are discussed.
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Wight TN, Kang I, Evanko SP, Harten IA, Chang MY, Pearce OMT, Allen CE, Frevert CW. Versican-A Critical Extracellular Matrix Regulator of Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:512. [PMID: 32265939 PMCID: PMC7105702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycan, versican increases along with other ECM versican binding molecules such as hyaluronan, tumor necrosis factor stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), and inter alpha trypsin inhibitor (IαI) during inflammation in a number of different diseases such as cardiovascular and lung disease, autoimmune diseases, and several different cancers. These interactions form stable scaffolds which can act as "landing strips" for inflammatory cells as they invade tissue from the circulation. The increase in versican is often coincident with the invasion of leukocytes early in the inflammatory process. Versican interacts with inflammatory cells either indirectly via hyaluronan or directly via receptors such as CD44, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), and toll-like receptors (TLRs) present on the surface of immune and non-immune cells. These interactions activate signaling pathways that promote the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6, and NFκB. Versican also influences inflammation by interacting with a variety of growth factors and cytokines involved in regulating inflammation thereby influencing their bioavailability and bioactivity. Versican is produced by multiple cell types involved in the inflammatory process. Conditional total knockout of versican in a mouse model of lung inflammation demonstrated significant reduction in leukocyte invasion into the lung and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression. While versican produced by stromal cells tends to be pro-inflammatory, versican expressed by myeloid cells can create anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironments. Inflammation in the tumor microenvironment often contains elevated levels of versican. Perturbing the accumulation of versican in tumors can inhibit inflammation and tumor progression in some cancers. Thus versican, as a component of the ECM impacts immunity and inflammation through regulating immune cell trafficking and activation. Versican is emerging as a potential target in the control of inflammation in a number of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N. Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen P. Evanko
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ingrid A. Harten
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mary Y. Chang
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Oliver M. T. Pearce
- Centre for the Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carys E. Allen
- Centre for the Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles W. Frevert
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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Abstract
The ADAMTS superfamily comprises secreted metalloproteases (ADAMTS proteases) as well as structurally related secreted glycoproteins that lack catalytic activity (ADAMTS-like proteins). Members of both families participate in diverse morphogenetic processes during embryonic development, and connective tissue maintenance and hemostasis in the adult. Several ADAMTS proteins are heavily implicated in genetic and acquired human and animal disorders. Despite these indicators of a profound biological and medical importance, detailed knowledge about their molecular structures, substrates, biological pathways, and biochemical mechanisms is significantly limited by unique intrinsic characteristics, which have led to several technical challenges. As a group, they are larger, more heavily modified, and harder to purify than other secreted proteases. In addition, idiosyncratic aspects of individual members are deserving of further investigation but can complicate their analysis. Here, some of the key concepts, challenges, and prospects in ADAMTS research are discussed in the context of the knowledge accumulated over the past two decades. Individual chapters in this volume of Methods in Molecular Biology provide practical solutions for surmounting these challenges. Since the biology of a protease is actually the biology of its substrates, there is considerable emphasis on purification of recombinant ADAMTS proteins, identification of their substrates and assays for their proteolytic activity.
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Profile of Matrix-Remodeling Proteinases in Osteoarthritis: Impact of Fibronectin. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010040. [PMID: 31877874 PMCID: PMC7017325 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and specialized three-dimensional macromolecular network, present in nearly all tissues, that also interacts with cell surface receptors on joint resident cells. Changes in the composition and physical properties of the ECM lead to the development of many diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a chronic degenerative rheumatic disease characterized by a progressive loss of synovial joint function as a consequence of the degradation of articular cartilage, also associated with alterations in the synovial membrane and subchondral bone. During OA, ECM-degrading enzymes, including urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs), cleave ECM components, such as fibronectin (Fn), generating fibronectin fragments (Fn-fs) with catabolic properties. In turn, Fn-fs promote activation of these proteinases, establishing a degradative and inflammatory feedback loop. Thus, the aim of this review is to update the contribution of ECM-degrading proteinases to the physiopathology of OA as well as their modulation by Fn-fs.
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Islam S, Chuensirikulchai K, Khummuang S, Keratibumrungpong T, Kongtawelert P, Kasinrerk W, Hatano S, Nagamachi A, Honda H, Watanabe H. Accumulation of versican facilitates wound healing: Implication of its initial ADAMTS-cleavage site. Matrix Biol 2019; 87:77-93. [PMID: 31669737 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Versican is a large chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan in the extracellular matrix, and is expressed at high levels in tissues during development and remodeling in pathological conditions. Its core protein is cleaved at a region close to the N-terminal end of CSβ domain by several members of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family, i.e., ADAMTS-1, 4, 5, 9, 15, and 20. Here, using a CRISPR/Cas9 system, we generated knock-in mice (V1R), which express an ADAMTS cleavage-resistant versican. Some V1R homozygote mice, termed R/R, exhibit syndactyly and organ hemorrhage. In wound healing experiments, R/R wound shows accumulation of versican and activated TGFβ-signaling in the early stage, leading to faster healing than wild type wound. Immunostaining for Ki67, CD31, smooth muscle α-actin, periostin demonstrates higher levels of overall cell proliferation and an increased number of endothelial cells and myofibroblasts. Immunostaining for CD11b and qRT-PCR for macrophage markers revealed increased levels of inflammatory cell infiltration, especially those of M1 macrophages. Cultured R/R dermal fibroblasts revealed increased deposition of versican, type I and III collagens, and hyaluronan, and upregulation of Smad2/3 signaling. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the cleavage site determines versican turnover and that versican plays a central role in the provisional matrix during the wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Islam
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kantinan Chuensirikulchai
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Biomedical Technology Research Center, Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saichit Khummuang
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Biomedical Technology Research Center, Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tanyaporn Keratibumrungpong
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Prachya Kongtawelert
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sonoko Hatano
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Akiko Nagamachi
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Leukemia Program Project, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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ADAMTS9-Regulated Pericellular Matrix Dynamics Governs Focal Adhesion-Dependent Smooth Muscle Differentiation. Cell Rep 2019; 23:485-498. [PMID: 29642006 PMCID: PMC5987776 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions anchor cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) and direct assembly of a pre-stressed actin cytoskeleton. They act as a cellular sensor and regulator, linking ECM to the nucleus. Here, we identify proteolytic turnover of the anti-adhesive proteoglycan versican as a requirement for maintenance of smooth muscle cell (SMC) focal adhesions. Using conditional deletion in mice, we show that ADAMTS9, a secreted metalloprotease, is required for myometrial activation during late gestation and for parturition. Through knockdown of ADAMTS9 in uterine SMC, and manipulation of pericellular versican via knockdown or proteolysis, we demonstrate that regulated pericellular matrix dynamics is essential for focal adhesion maintenance. By influencing focal adhesion formation, pericellular versican acts upstream of cytoskeletal assembly and SMC differentiation. Thus, pericellular versican proteolysis by ADAMTS9 balances pro- and anti-adhesive forces to maintain an SMC phenotype, providing a concrete example of the dynamic reciprocity of cells and their ECM.
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Chen Z, Luo T, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Lu L, Yang Z, Wang L, Xian S. A simplified herbal formula for the treatment of heart failure: Efficacy, bioactive ingredients, and mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104251. [PMID: 31233804 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex pathology for which single-agent therapy cannot provide comprehensive efficacy. Therefore, effective combination therapies for HF are increasingly emphasized. Multiple-component drugs derived from Chinese herbal formulae provide efficacy and safety when administered to patients with HF. Nuanxinkang (NXK) is a simplified Chinese herbal formula which has been widely applied in HF for decades. It exhibits comprehensive cardiac protective effects in HF patients as an adjuvant therapy, including improving heart function and quality-of-life, reducing inflammation, and regulating neurohormones. Nevertheless, the bioactive ingredients and mechanisms of action of NXK are unknown, which hinders its further application. Here, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of NXK in a mouse model of HF. Using transcriptome analysis and drug similarity analysis we found that NXK inhibits apoptosis and inflammation, while improving cardiac contraction and reversing myocardial fibrosis. In addition, we detected 21 bioactive species in NXK using UHPLC-MS analysis. Based on these data, we performed network pharmacology analysis to investigate ingredient-target-pathway interactions. We further confirmed 13 genes as potential targets, and assessed the effects of NXK on the AKT to validate the anti-apoptotic role of NXK both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, our work has identified a simplified herbal formula with efficacy against HF by exploring its constituents and mechanism of action, providing evidence for an innovative treatment strategy and novel therapeutic targets for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Tong Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Yusheng Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Zhongqi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China.
| | - Shaoxiang Xian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510405, PR China.
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Wang LW, Nandadasa S, Annis DS, Dubail J, Mosher DF, Willard BB, Apte SS. A disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin type 1 motif 9 (ADAMTS9) regulates fibronectin fibrillogenesis and turnover. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9924-9936. [PMID: 31085586 PMCID: PMC6597835 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted metalloprotease ADAMTS9 has dual roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover and biogenesis of the primary cilium during mouse embryogenesis. Its gene locus is associated with several human traits and disorders, but ADAMTS9 has few known interacting partners or confirmed substrates. Here, using a yeast two-hybrid screen for proteins interacting with its C-terminal Gon1 domain, we identified three putative ADAMTS9-binding regions in the ECM glycoprotein fibronectin. Using solid-phase binding assays and surface plasmon resonance experiments with purified proteins, we demonstrate that ADAMTS9 and fibronectin interact. ADAMTS9 constructs, including those lacking Gon1, co-localized with fibronectin fibrils formed by cultured fibroblasts lacking fibrillin-1, which co-localizes with fibronectin and binds several ADAMTSs. We observed no fibrillar ADAMTS9 staining after blockade of fibroblast fibronectin fibrillogenesis with a peptide based on the functional upstream domain of a Staphylococcus aureus adhesin. These findings indicate that ADAMTS9 binds fibronectin dimers and fibrils directly through multiple sites in both molecules. Proteolytically active ADAMTS9, but not a catalytically inactive variant, disrupted fibronectin fibril networks formed by fibroblasts in vitro, and ADAMTS9-deficient RPE1 cells assembled a robust fibronectin fibril network, unlike WT cells. Targeted LC-MS analysis of fibronectin digested by ADAMTS9-expressing cells identified a semitryptic peptide arising from cleavage at Gly2196-Leu2197 We noted that this scissile bond is in the linker between fibronectin modules III17 and I10, a region targeted also by other proteases. These findings, along with stronger fibronectin staining previously observed in Adamts9 mutant embryos, suggest that ADAMTS9 contributes to fibronectin turnover during ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Douglas S Annis
- the Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | | | - Deane F Mosher
- the Departments of Biomolecular Chemistry and Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Belinda B Willard
- the Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 and
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Carter NJ, Roach ZA, Byrnes MM, Zhu Y. Adamts9 is necessary for ovarian development in zebrafish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 277:130-140. [PMID: 30951722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Expression of adamts9 (A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type-1 motif, member 9) increases dramatically in the somatic cells surrounding oocytes during ovulation in vertebrates from zebrafish to human. However, the function of Adamts9 during ovulation has not been determined due to the embryonic lethality of knockouts in mice and Drosophila. To identify the role of Adamts9 during ovulation we generated knockout (adamts9-/-) zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 and characterized the effects of the mutation. From 1047 fish generated by crossing adamts9+/- pairs, we found significantly fewer adult adamts9-/- fish (4%) than predicted by Mendelian ratios (25%). Of the mutants found, there was a significant male bias (82%). Only 3 female mutants were identified (7%), and they had small ovaries with few stage III and IV oocytes compared to wildtype (wt) counterparts of comparable size and age. Astoundingly, the remaining mutants (11%) did not appear to have normal testis or ovaries. Instead there was a pair of transparent, ovarian-like membranous shells that filled the abdominal cavity. Histological examination confirmed that shells were largely empty with no internal structure. Surprisingly, seminiferous tubules and various spermatocytes including mature spermatozoa were observed on the periphery of these transparent shells. No female or female like knockouts were observed to release eggs, and no ovulated oocytes were observed in histological sections. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an adamts9 global knockout model in any adult vertebrates and the first description of how gonadal sex and structure are affected- highlighting the importance of Adamts9 during gonadal development and the value of zebrafish as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary Adam Roach
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville 27858, NC, USA
| | | | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville 27858, NC, USA.
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43
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Tokmak A, Ozaksit G, Sarikaya E, Kuru-Pekcan M, Kosem A. Decreased ADAMTS-1, -9 and -20 levels in women with endometrial polyps: a possible link between extracellular matrix proteases and endometrial pathologies. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2019; 39:845-850. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1584890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aytekin Tokmak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Ozaksit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esma Sarikaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meryem Kuru-Pekcan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zekai Tahir Burak Women’s Health Research and Education Hospital University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Kosem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Duffy DM, Ko C, Jo M, Brannstrom M, Curry TE. Ovulation: Parallels With Inflammatory Processes. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:369-416. [PMID: 30496379 PMCID: PMC6405411 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The midcycle surge of LH sets in motion interconnected networks of signaling cascades to bring about rupture of the follicle and release of the oocyte during ovulation. Many mediators of these LH-induced signaling cascades are associated with inflammation, leading to the postulate that ovulation is similar to an inflammatory response. First responders to the LH surge are granulosa and theca cells, which produce steroids, prostaglandins, chemokines, and cytokines, which are also mediators of inflammatory processes. These mediators, in turn, activate both nonimmune ovarian cells as well as resident immune cells within the ovary; additional immune cells are also attracted to the ovary. Collectively, these cells regulate proteolytic pathways to reorganize the follicular stroma, disrupt the granulosa cell basal lamina, and facilitate invasion of vascular endothelial cells. LH-induced mediators initiate cumulus expansion and cumulus oocyte complex detachment, whereas the follicular apex undergoes extensive extracellular matrix remodeling and a loss of the surface epithelium. The remainder of the follicle undergoes rapid angiogenesis and functional differentiation of granulosa and theca cells. Ultimately, these functional and structural changes culminate in follicular rupture and oocyte release. Throughout the ovulatory process, the importance of inflammatory responses is highlighted by the commonalities and similarities between many of these events associated with ovulation and inflammation. However, ovulation includes processes that are distinct from inflammation, such as regulation of steroid action, oocyte maturation, and the eventual release of the oocyte. This review focuses on the commonalities between inflammatory responses and the process of ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Misung Jo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mats Brannstrom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Stockholm IVF, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas E Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Zhong S, Khalil RA. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) and ADAM with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family in vascular biology and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 164:188-204. [PMID: 30905657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) is a family of proteolytic enzymes that possess sheddase function and regulate shedding of membrane-bound proteins, growth factors, cytokines, ligands and receptors. Typically, ADAMs have a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin, cysteine-rich and a characteristic transmembrane domain. Most ADAMs are activated by proprotein convertases, but can also be regulated by G-protein coupled receptor agonists, Ca2+ ionophores and protein kinase C activators. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) is a family of secreted enzymes closely related to ADAMs. Like ADAMs, ADAMTS members have a pro-domain, and a metalloproteinase, disintegrin, and cysteine-rich domain, but they lack a transmembrane domain and instead have characteristic thrombospondin motifs. Activated ADAMs perform several functions and participate in multiple cardiovascular processes including vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, vascular cell apoptosis, cell survival, tissue repair, and wound healing. ADAMs may also be involved in pathological conditions and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, aneurysm, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and heart failure. Like ADAMs, ADAMTS have a wide-spectrum role in vascular biology and cardiovascular pathophysiology. ADAMs and ADAMTS activity is naturally controlled by endogenous inhibitors such as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and their activity can also be suppressed by synthetic small molecule inhibitors. ADAMs and ADAMTS can serve as important diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disorders. Natural and synthetic inhibitors of ADAMs and ADAMTS could be potential therapeutic tools for the management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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46
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The role of ADAMTS genes in the end stage of hip osteoarthritis. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA ET TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA 2019; 53:140-144. [PMID: 30655094 PMCID: PMC6507017 DOI: 10.1016/j.aott.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate which ADAMTS genes play a major role in the development of primary hip osteoarthritis, by comparing the tissue and blood samples in patients with hip osteoarthritis and a control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human articular cartilage was obtained from femoral heads of 15 patients with end stage osteoarthritis undergoing total hip replacement. As the control group, the cartilages was obtained from femoral heads of 15 patients, who did not have osteoarthritis or degenerative changes in hip joint, undergoing hip replacement following the fracture of the femoral neck. After the cartilage samples were taken from the resection materials, the DNA polymorphisms in the patients' cartilage samples were tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), the serum levels of aggrecanase genes were analyzed with Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). RESULTS The level of ADAMTS5 and ADAMTS9 genes were found significantly lower as a result of ELISA analysis degenerative arthritis group than the control group (p < 0,05). ADAMTS 1, 4, 8, 15 were similar between the two groups in ELISA analysis (p > 0,05). As a result of quantitative real time RT-PCR analysis, the level of ADAMTS8 mRNA increased 3.5 fold in hip degenerative arthritis group when compared with femoral neck fractures group. ADAMTS1, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 expression levels in hip degenerative arthritis group were decreased 2.5, 2 and 2.5 fold, respectively. ADAMTS9, 15 were found to be similar between two groups. CONCLUSON As a result of this study on hip osteoarthritis, the ADAMTS8 levels was found to be significantly higher in the end stage of hip osteoarthritis. Unlike similar studies on knee osteoarthritis, ADAMTS1,4,5 levels were found to be lower.
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Graae AS, Grarup N, Ribel-Madsen R, Lystbæk SH, Boesgaard T, Staiger H, Fritsche A, Wellner N, Sulek K, Kjolby M, Backe MB, Chubanava S, Prats C, Serup AK, Birk JB, Dubail J, Gillberg L, Vienberg SG, Nykjær A, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Larsen S, Apte SS, Häring HU, Vaag A, Zethelius B, Pedersen O, Treebak JT, Hansen T, Holst B. ADAMTS9 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity Through Extracellular Matrix Alterations. Diabetes 2019; 68:502-514. [PMID: 30626608 PMCID: PMC6385758 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ADAMTS9 rs4607103 C allele is one of the few gene variants proposed to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes through an impairment of insulin sensitivity. We show that the variant is associated with increased expression of the secreted ADAMTS9 and decreased insulin sensitivity and signaling in human skeletal muscle. In line with this, mice lacking Adamts9 selectively in skeletal muscle have improved insulin sensitivity. The molecular link between ADAMTS9 and insulin signaling was characterized further in a model where ADAMTS9 was overexpressed in skeletal muscle. This selective overexpression resulted in decreased insulin signaling presumably mediated through alterations of the integrin β1 signaling pathway and disruption of the intracellular cytoskeletal organization. Furthermore, this led to impaired mitochondrial function in mouse muscle-an observation found to be of translational character because humans carrying the ADAMTS9 risk allele have decreased expression of mitochondrial markers. Finally, we found that the link between ADAMTS9 overexpression and impaired insulin signaling could be due to accumulation of harmful lipid intermediates. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and point to inhibition of ADAMTS9 as a potential novel mode of treating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Graae
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ribel-Madsen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Sara H Lystbæk
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Boesgaard
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harald Staiger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niels Wellner
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Balslev Backe
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabina Chubanava
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Prats
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette K Serup
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Dubail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Sara G Vienberg
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjær
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Allan Vaag
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Zethelius
- Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Services, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nandadasa S, Kraft CM, Wang LW, O'Donnell A, Patel R, Gee HY, Grobe K, Cox TC, Hildebrandt F, Apte SS. Secreted metalloproteases ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 have a non-canonical role in ciliary vesicle growth during ciliogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:953. [PMID: 30814516 PMCID: PMC6393521 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hundreds of cytosolic or transmembrane molecules form the primary cilium, few secreted molecules are known to contribute to ciliogenesis. Here, homologous secreted metalloproteases ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 are identified as ciliogenesis regulators that act intracellularly. Secreted and furin-processed ADAMTS9 bound heparan sulfate and was internalized by LRP1, LRP2 and clathrin-mediated endocytosis to be gathered in Rab11 vesicles with a unique periciliary localization defined by super-resolution microscopy. CRISPR-Cas9 inactivation of ADAMTS9 impaired ciliogenesis in RPE-1 cells, which was restored by catalytically active ADAMTS9 or ADAMTS20 acting in trans, but not by their proteolytically inactive mutants. Their mutagenesis in mice impaired neural and yolk sac ciliogenesis, leading to morphogenetic anomalies resulting from impaired hedgehog signaling, which is transduced by primary cilia. In addition to their cognate extracellular proteolytic activity, ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 thus have an additional proteolytic role intracellularly, revealing an unexpected regulatory dimension in ciliogenesis. Ciliogenesis is a complex process requiring hundreds of molecules, although few secreted proteins have been implicated. Here, the authors show that the secreted metalloproteases ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 intracellularly regulate ciliogenesis from unique periciliary vesicles with proteolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeda Nandadasa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering- ND20, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Caroline M Kraft
- Department of Biomedical Engineering- ND20, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Lauren W Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering- ND20, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Anna O'Donnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering- ND20, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Rushabh Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering- ND20, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kay Grobe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry and Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 E 25th St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering- ND20, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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Rogerson FM, Last K, Golub SB, Gauci SJ, Stanton H, Bell KM, Fosang AJ. ADAMTS-9 in Mouse Cartilage Has Aggrecanase Activity That Is Distinct from ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030573. [PMID: 30699963 PMCID: PMC6387038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4 and ADAMTS-5 are the principal aggrecanases in mice and humans; however, mice lacking the catalytic domain of both enzymes (TS-4/5∆cat) have no skeletal phenotype, suggesting there is an alternative aggrecanase for modulating normal growth and development in these mice. We previously identified aggrecanase activity that (a) cleaved at E↓G rather than E↓A bonds in the aggrecan core protein, and (b) was upregulated by retinoic acid but not IL-1α. The present study aimed to identify the alternative aggrecanase. Femoral head cartilage explants from TS-4/5∆cat mice were stimulated with IL-1α or retinoic acid and total RNA was analysed by microarray. In addition to ADAMTS-5 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, which are not candidates for the novel aggrecanase, the microarray analyses identified MMP-11, calpain-5 and ADAMTS-9 as candidate aggrecanases upregulated by retinoic acid. When calpain-5 and MMP-11 failed to meet subsequent criteria, ADAMTS-9 emerged as the most likely candidate for the novel aggrecanase. Immunohistochemistry revealed ADAMTS-9 expression throughout the mouse growth plate and strong expression, particularly in the proliferative zone of the TS-4/5-∆cat mice. In conclusion, ADAMTS-9 has a novel specificity for aggrecan, cleaving primarily at E↓G rather than E↓A bonds in mouse cartilage. ADAMTS-9 might have more important roles in normal skeletal development compared with ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5, which have key roles in joint pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser M Rogerson
- University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Karena Last
- University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Suzanne B Golub
- University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Stephanie J Gauci
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Heather Stanton
- University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Katrina M Bell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Amanda J Fosang
- University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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50
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Mutations of ADAMTS9 Cause Nephronophthisis-Related Ciliopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:45-54. [PMID: 30609407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RCs) are a group of inherited diseases that are associated with defects in primary cilium structure and function. To identify genes mutated in NPHP-RC, we performed homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing for >100 individuals, some of whom were single affected individuals born to consanguineous parents and some of whom were siblings of indexes who were also affected by NPHP-RC. We then performed high-throughput exon sequencing in a worldwide cohort of 800 additional families affected by NPHP-RC. We identified two ADAMTS9 mutations (c.4575_4576del [p.Gln1525Hisfs∗60] and c.194C>G [p.Thr65Arg]) that appear to cause NPHP-RC. Although ADAMTS9 is known to be a secreted extracellular metalloproteinase, we found that ADAMTS9 localized near the basal bodies of primary cilia in the cytoplasm. Heterologously expressed wild-type ADAMTS9, in contrast to mutant proteins detected in individuals with NPHP-RC, localized to the vicinity of the basal body. Loss of ADAMTS9 resulted in shortened cilia and defective sonic hedgehog signaling. Knockout of Adamts9 in IMCD3 cells, followed by spheroid induction, resulted in defective lumen formation, which was rescued by an overexpression of wild-type, but not of mutant, ADAMTS9. Knockdown of adamts9 in zebrafish recapitulated NPHP-RC phenotypes, including renal cysts and hydrocephalus. These findings suggest that the identified mutations in ADAMTS9 cause NPHP-RC and that ADAMTS9 is required for the formation and function of primary cilia.
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