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Newberry EP, Molitor EA, Liu A, Chong K, Liu X, Alonso C, Mato JM, Davidson NO. Impaired Hepatic Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Secretion Promotes Tumorigenesis and Is Accelerated with Fabp1 Deletion. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:958-974. [PMID: 38417694 PMCID: PMC11156158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms that impair very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion are linked to hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular cancer. Liver-specific deletion of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp-LKO) impairs VLDL assembly, promoting hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, which are attenuated in Mttp-LKO X Fabp1-null [Fabp1/Mttp double knockout (DKO)] mice. The current study examined the impact of impaired VLDL secretion in Mttp-LKO mice on hepatocellular cancer incidence and progression in comparison to Fabp1/Mttp DKO mice. Diethylnitrosamine-treated Mttp-LKO mice exhibited steatosis with increased tumor burden compared with flox controls, whereas diethylnitrosamine-treated Fabp1/Mttp DKO mice exhibited a paradoxical increase in tumor burden and >50% mortality by 50 weeks. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated in both Mttp-LKO and Fabp1/Mttp DKO mice, with increased intratumoral expression of apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein E. Lipidomic surveys revealed progressive enrichment in distinct triglyceride species in livers from Mttp-LKO mice with further enrichment in Fabp1/Mttp DKO mice. RNA sequencing revealed mRNA changes suggesting altered monocarboxylic acid use and increased aerobic glycolysis, whereas hepatocytes from Fabp1/Mttp DKO mice exhibited increased capacity to use glucose and glutamine. These metabolic shifts were accompanied by reduced expression of HNF1 homeobox A (HNF1a), which correlated with tumor burden. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that hepatic tumorigenesis is increased in mice with impaired VLDL secretion and further accelerated via pathways including altered fatty acid compartmentalization and shifts in hepatic energy use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Newberry
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elizabeth A Molitor
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Allen Liu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kamyar Chong
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cristina Alonso
- OWL Metabolomics, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Jose M Mato
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio, Spain
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Liu J, Ginsberg HN, Reyes-Soffer G. Basic and translational evidence supporting the role of TM6SF2 in VLDL metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:157-161. [PMID: 38465912 PMCID: PMC11168781 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 ( TM6SF2 ) gene was identified through exome-wide studies in 2014. A genetic variant from glutamic acid to lysine substitution at amino acid position 167 (NM_001001524.3:c.499G> A) (p.Gln167Lys/p.E167K, rs58542926) was discovered (p.E167K) to be highly associated with increased hepatic fat content and reduced levels of plasma triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. In this review, we focus on the discovery of TM6SF2 and its role in VLDL secretion pathways. Human data suggest TM6SF2 is linked to hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), hence understanding its metabolic pathways is of high scientific interest. RECENT FINDINGS Since its discovery, completed research studies in cell, rodent and human models have defined the role of TM6SF2 and its links to human disease. TM6SF2 resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the ER-Golgi interface and helps with the lipidation of nascent VLDL, the main carrier of triglycerides from the liver to the periphery. Consistent results from cells and rodents indicated that the secretion of triglycerides is reduced in carriers of the p.E167K variant or when hepatic TM6SF2 is deleted. However, data for secretion of APOB, the main protein of VLDL particles responsible for triglycerides transport, are inconsistent. SUMMARY The identification of genetic variants that are highly associated with human disease presentation should be followed by the validation and investigation into the pathways that regulate disease mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the role of TM6SF2 and its role in processing of liver triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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Yabut KCB, Martynova A, Nath A, Zercher BP, Bush MF, Isoherranen N. Drugs Form Ternary Complexes with Human Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein 1 (FABP1) and FABP1 Binding Alters Drug Metabolism. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:395-410. [PMID: 38580446 PMCID: PMC11114116 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.124.000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) binds diverse endogenous lipids and is highly expressed in the human liver. Binding to FABP1 alters the metabolism and homeostasis of endogenous lipids in the liver. Drugs have also been shown to bind to rat FABP1, but limited data are available for human FABP1 (hFABP1). FABP1 has a large binding pocket, and up to two fatty acids can bind to FABP1 simultaneously. We hypothesized that drug binding to hFABP1 results in formation of ternary complexes and that FABP1 binding alters drug metabolism. To test these hypotheses, native protein mass spectrometry (MS) and fluorescent 11-(dansylamino)undecanoic acid (DAUDA) displacement assays were used to characterize drug binding to hFABP1, and diclofenac oxidation by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) was studied in the presence and absence of hFABP1. DAUDA binding to hFABP1 involved high (Kd,1 = 0.2 μM) and low (Kd,2 > 10 μM) affinity binding sites. Nine drugs bound to hFABP1 with equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) values ranging from 1 to 20 μM. None of the tested drugs completely displaced DAUDA from hFABP1, and fluorescence spectra showed evidence of ternary complex formation. Formation of DAUDA-hFABP1-diclofenac ternary complex was verified with native MS. Docking predicted diclofenac binding in the portal region of FABP1 with DAUDA in the binding cavity. The catalytic rate constant of diclofenac hydroxylation by CYP2C9 was decreased by ∼50% (P < 0.01) in the presence of FABP1. Together, these results suggest that drugs form ternary complexes with hFABP1 and that hFABP1 binding in the liver will alter drug metabolism and clearance. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Many commonly prescribed drugs bind fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1), forming ternary complexes with FABP1 and the fluorescent fatty acid 11-(dansylamino)undecanoic acid. These findings suggest that drugs will bind to apo-FABP1 and fatty acid-bound FABP1 in the human liver. The high expression of FABP1 in the liver, together with drug binding to FABP1, may alter drug disposition processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- King Clyde B Yabut
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (K.C.B.Y., N.I.), Department of Chemistry (A.M., B.P.Z., M.F.B.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alice Martynova
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (K.C.B.Y., N.I.), Department of Chemistry (A.M., B.P.Z., M.F.B.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Abhinav Nath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (K.C.B.Y., N.I.), Department of Chemistry (A.M., B.P.Z., M.F.B.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Benjamin P Zercher
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (K.C.B.Y., N.I.), Department of Chemistry (A.M., B.P.Z., M.F.B.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew F Bush
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (K.C.B.Y., N.I.), Department of Chemistry (A.M., B.P.Z., M.F.B.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (K.C.B.Y., N.I.), Department of Chemistry (A.M., B.P.Z., M.F.B.), and Department of Medicinal Chemistry (A.N.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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4
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Arunorat J, Chusakulwong N, Sakunasing N, Matchimakul P. Comparative quantitation of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein localizations in liver injury and non-pathological liver tissue in dogs. Vet World 2024; 17:313-318. [PMID: 38595649 PMCID: PMC11000465 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.313-318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Liver injury results in the production of free radicals that can lead to hepatocytic degeneration, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver-fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) is highly expressed in hepatocytes and is a key regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and antioxidant characteristics. Interestingly, the increase in L-FABP expression could be used as a novel marker of liver injury. Therefore, this study aimed to use immunohistochemical techniques to investigate the expression of L-FABP in dogs with liver injury compared with dogs with non-pathological liver. Materials and Methods Liver tissue samples were collected from dog biopsy specimens at the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University. The tissues were prepared for immunohistochemistry and the expression and localization of L-FABP were investigated using one-way analysis of variance. Results Immunohistochemical analysis showed that L-FABP was strongly expressed in the hepatocytes of dogs with lipidosis and HCC when compared with that in normal liver. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry evaluation showed the percentage of protein expression of L-FABP 0.023 ± 0.027 in the non-pathological liver. The percentage of L-FABP protein expression in lipidosis and HCC was found to be 8.517 ± 1.059 and 17.371 ± 4.026, respectively. Conclusion L-FABP expression in dogs with liver injuries was significantly higher than that in dogs with non-pathological liver injury (p = 0.05). These results suggest that L-FABP has the potential as a novel marker for specific diagnosis and prognosis of dogs with liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapat Arunorat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nuttawan Chusakulwong
- Academic Year 2565, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Natcha Sakunasing
- Academic Year 2565, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
| | - Pitchaya Matchimakul
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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5
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Habibullah M, Jemmieh K, Ouda A, Haider MZ, Malki MI, Elzouki AN. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a selective review of pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1291501. [PMID: 38323033 PMCID: PMC10845138 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1291501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a novel terminology introduced in 2020 to provide a more accurate description of fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction. It replaces the outdated term nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and aims to improve diagnostic criteria and tailored treatment strategies for the disease. NAFLD, the most prevalent liver disease in western industrialized nations, has been steadily increasing in prevalence and is associated with serious complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is also linked to insulin resistance syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. However, current studies on NAFLD have limitations in meeting necessary histological endpoints. Objective This literature review aims to consolidate recent knowledge and discoveries concerning MAFLD, integrating the diverse aspects of the disease. Specifically, it focuses on analyzing the diagnostic criteria for MAFLD, differentiating it from NAFLD and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), and exploring the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and management approaches associated with MAFLD. The review also explores the associations between MAFLD and other conditions. It discusses the heightened mortality risk associated with MAFLD and its link to chronic kidney disease (CKD), showing that MAFLD exhibits enhanced diagnostic accuracy for identifying patients with CKD compared to NAFLD. The association between MAFLD and incident/prevalent CKD is supported by cohort studies and meta-analyses. Conclusion This literature review highlights the importance of MAFLD as a distinct terminology for fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction. The review provides insights into the diagnostic criteria, associations with CKD, and management approaches for MAFLD. Further research is needed to develop more accurate diagnostic tools for advanced fibrosis in MAFLD and to explore the underlying mechanisms linking MAFLD with other conditions. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and healthcare professionals seeking a comprehensive understanding of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaleed Jemmieh
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amr Ouda
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Abdel-Naser Elzouki
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Internal Medicine Department, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medical Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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Yabut KCB, Martynova A, Nath A, Zercher BP, Bush MF, Isoherranen N. Drugs Form Ternary Complexes with Human Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP1) and FABP1 Binding Alters Drug Metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.576032. [PMID: 38293009 PMCID: PMC10827205 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.576032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1) binds diverse endogenous lipids and is highly expressed in the human liver. Binding to FABP1 alters the metabolism and homeostasis of endogenous lipids in the liver. Drugs have also been shown to bind to rat FABP1, but limited data is available for human FABP1 (hFABP1). FABP1 has a large binding pocket and multiple fatty acids can bind to FABP1 simultaneously. We hypothesized that drug binding to hFABP1 results in formation of ternary complexes and that FABP1 binding alters drug metabolism. To test these hypotheses native protein mass spectrometry (MS) and fluorescent 11-(dansylamino)undecanoic acid (DAUDA) displacement assays were used to characterize drug binding to hFABP1 and diclofenac oxidation by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) was studied in the presence and absence of hFABP1. DAUDA binding to hFABP1 involved high (Kd,1=0.2 µM) and low affinity (Kd,2 >10 µM) binding sites. Nine drugs bound to hFABP1 with Kd values ranging from 1 to 20 µM. None of the tested drugs completely displaced DAUDA from hFABP1 and fluorescence spectra showed evidence of ternary complex formation. Formation of DAUDA-diclofenac-hFABP1 ternary complex was verified with native MS. Docking placed diclofenac in the portal region of FABP1 with DAUDA in the binding cavity. Presence of hFABP1 decreased the kcat and Km,u of diclofenac with CYP2C9 by ~50% suggesting that hFABP1 binding in the liver will alter drug metabolism and clearance. Together, these results suggest that drugs form ternary complexes with hFABP1 and that hFABP1 interacts with CYP2C9.
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Affiliation(s)
- King Clyde B. Yabut
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Alice Martynova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Abhinav Nath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Benjamin P. Zercher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Ider M, Yildiz R, Naseri A, Gülersoy E, Alkan F, Ok M, Erturk A, Sulu K, Durgut MK. Investigation of gastrointestinal injury-related biomarkers in dairy cattle with displaced abomasum. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2893-2900. [PMID: 37776262 PMCID: PMC10650368 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Displaced abomasum (DA) is one of the most important metabolic disorders of dairy cattle. In DA, ischaemic damage may occur as a result of impaired perfusion due to abomasal displacement, which may result in gastrointestinal mucosal damage. OBJECTIVE Investigation of gastrointestinal tissue damage in cattle with right displacement of the abomasum (RDA) and left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) using intestinal-related biomarkers. METHODS Forty-eight DA (24 LDA, 24 RDA) and 15 healthy Holstein dairy cows were enrolled between March 2021 and July 2022. Serum biomarkers including gamma-enteric smooth muscle actin (ACTG-2), liver-fatty acid binding proteins (L-FABP), platelet activating factor (PAF), trefoil factor-3 (TFF-3), leptin, claudin-3 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations were measured from venous blood samples. RESULTS L-FABP concentrations in the LDA group and TFF-3 concentrations in the RDA group were lower than in the control group. The leptin concentration of the RDA group was higher than that of the other groups. There was a negative correlation between lactate, leptin and IL-8 concentrations. There was a negative correlation between lactate and TFF-3, whereas leptin and lactate were positively correlated. Leptin was the more reliable biomarker for discriminating between RDA and LDA cases. CONCLUSION Changes in serum L-FABP, TFF-3 and leptin concentrations in cattle with DA may reflect acute intestinal injury and the subsequent repair phase. However, these biomarkers had poor diagnostic performance in discriminating between healthy and cattle with DA, while leptin emerged as the most useful marker in differentiating LDA from RDA cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Ider
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Ramazan Yildiz
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineBurdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy UniversityBurdurTurkey
| | - Amir Naseri
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Erdem Gülersoy
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineHarran UniversitySanlıurfaTurkey
| | - Fahrettin Alkan
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of SurgerySelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Mahmut Ok
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
| | - Alper Erturk
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineMustafa Kemal UniversityHatayTurkey
| | - Kadir Sulu
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineSiirt UniversitySiirtTurkey
| | - Murat Kaan Durgut
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Zhou D, Ye T, Zhou P, Liu Z, Liu X, Wang Z, Hua T, Zhang Z, Sun Q. Swimming exercise ameliorates insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver by negatively regulating PPARγ transcriptional network in mice fed high fat diet. Mol Med 2023; 29:150. [PMID: 37907845 PMCID: PMC10617119 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings elucidated hepatic PPARγ functions as a steatogenic-inducer gene that activates de novo lipogenesis, and is involved in regulation of glucose homeostasis, lipid accumulation, and inflammation response. This study delved into a comprehensive analysis of how PPARγ signaling affects the exercise-induced improvement of insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), along with its underlying mechanism. METHODS Chronic and acute swimming exercise intervention were conducted in each group mice. IR status was assessed by GTT and ITT assays. Serum inflammatory cytokines were detected by Elisa assays. PPARγ and its target genes expression were detected by qPCR assay. Relative protein levels were quantified via Western blotting. ChIP-qPCR assays were used to detect the enrichment of PPARγ on its target genes promoter. RESULTS Through an exploration of a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced IR and NAFLD model, both chronic and acute swimming exercise training led to significant reductions in body weight and visceral fat mass, as well as hepatic lipid accumulation. The exercise interventions also demonstrated a significant amelioration in IR and the inflammatory response. Meanwhile, swimming exercise significantly inhibited PPARγ and its target genes expression induced by HFD, containing CD36, SCD1 and PLIN2. Furthermore, swimming exercise presented significant modulation on regulatory factors of PPARγ expression and transcriptional activity. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that swimming exercise can improve lipid metabolism in IR and NAFLD, possibly through PPARγ signaling in the liver of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- the State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Tingting Ye
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Puqing Zhou
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Zuofeng Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- the State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zinan Wang
- the State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianmiao Hua
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.
| | - Qingyan Sun
- Physiology laboratory of College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
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Tan T, Luo Y, Sun W, Li X. Effects of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids Derived from Yak Ghee on Lipid Metabolism and the Gut Microbiota in Normal-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:7222. [PMID: 37894700 PMCID: PMC10609089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are natural components with a variety of biological activities. However, the regulation of lipid metabolism by BCFAs is unknown. It was dedicated to examining the impacts of BCFAs inferred from yak ghee on the expression of qualities related to lipid metabolism, natural pathways, and intestinal microbiota in mice. The treatment group (purified BCFAs from yak ghee) exhibited a decrease in cholesterol levels; a decrease in HMGCR levels; downregulation of FADS1, FADS2, ACC-α, FAS, GAPT4, GPAM, ACSL1, THRSP, A-FABP, and PPARα gene expression; and upregulation of SCD1, ACSS1, FABP1, CPT1, and DGAT-1 gene expression. Gut microbiota 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed that the treatment group improved the gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundances and increasing the short-chain fatty acid levels produced by the genera Akkermansia, Clostridium, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillus, Anaerotaenia, and Prevotella. After adding BCFAs to cultured breast cancer cells, pathways that were downregulated were found to be related to fatty acid degradation and fatty acid metabolism, while 20 other pathways were upregulated. Our results suggest that BCFAs reduce body fat in mice by modulating intestinal flora and lipid metabolism and modulating fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yihao Luo
- Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Ning Da Road 251, Xining 810016, China; (T.T.); (W.S.); (X.L.)
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10
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Su P, Chen JG, Tang DH. Exercise against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Possible role and mechanism of lipophagy. Life Sci 2023; 327:121837. [PMID: 37301321 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD is prevalent in about 30% of people worldwide. The lack of physical activity is considered as one of the risks for NAFLD, and approximately one-third of NAFLD patients hardly engage in physical activity. It is acknowledged that exercise is one of the optimal non-pharmacological methods for preventing and treating NAFLD. Different forms of exercise such as aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and even simply physical activity in a higher level can be beneficial in reducing liver lipid accumulation and disease progression for NAFLD patients. In NAFLD patients, exercise is helpful in lowering steatosis and enhancing liver function. The mechanisms underlying the prevention and treatment of NAFLD by exercise are various and complex. Current studies on the mechanisms have focused on the pro-lipolytic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant and lipophagy. Promotion of lipophagy is regarded as an important mechanism for prevention and improvement of NAFLD by exercise. Recent studies have investigated the above mechanism, yet the potential mechanism has not been completely elucidated. Thus, in this review, we cover the recent advances of exercise-promoted lipophagy in NAFLD treatment and prevention. Furthermore, given the fact that exercise activates SIRT1, we discuss the possible regulatory mechanisms of lipophagy by SIRT1 during exercise. These mechanisms need to be verified by further experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of College of P.E. and Sport, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Gang Chen
- Department of College of P.E. and Sport, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong-Hui Tang
- Department of College of P.E. and Sport, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
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Hyder A. Naturally-occurring carboxylic acids from traditional antidiabetic plants as potential pancreatic islet FABP3 inhibitors. A molecular docking-aided study. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 372:110368. [PMID: 36709838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The antidiabetic action of traditional plants is mostly attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These plants are still having some secrets, making them an attractive source that allows for investigating new drugs or uncovering precise pharmacologic antidiabetic functions of their constituents. In diabetes, which is a lipid disease, long-term exposure of pancreatic islet beta cells to fatty acids (FAs) increases basal insulin release, reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, causes islet beta cell inflammation, failure and apoptosis. Pancreatic islet beta cells express fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) that receives long-chain FAs and traffics them throughout different cellular compartments to be metabolized and render their effects. Inhibition of this FABP3 may retard FA metabolism and protect islet beta cells. Since FAs interact with FABPs by their carboxylic group, some traditionally-known antidiabetic plants were reviewed in the present study, searching for their components that have common features of FABP ligands, namely carboxylic group and hydrophobic tail. Many of these carboxylic acids were computationally introduced into the ligand-binding pocket of FABP3 and some of them exhibited FABP3 ligand possibilities. Among others, the naturally occurring ferulic, cleomaldeic, caffeic, sinapic, hydroxycinnamic, 4-p-coumaroylquinic, quinoline-2-carboxylic, chlorogenic, 6-hydroxykynurenic, and rosmarinic acids in many plants are promising candidates for being FABP3-specific inhibitors. The study shed light on repurposing these phyto-carboxylic acids to function as FABP inhibitors. However, more in-depth biological and pharmacological studies to broaden the understanding of this function are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Hyder
- Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt.
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12
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Gajda AM, Tawfeeq HR, Lackey AI, Zhou YX, Kanaan H, Pappas A, Xu H, Kodukula S, Storch J. The proximal intestinal Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins liver FABP (LFABP) and intestinal FABP (IFABP) differentially modulate whole body energy homeostasis but are not centrally involved in net dietary lipid absorption: Studies of the LFABP/IFABP double knockout mouse. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159238. [PMID: 36206853 PMCID: PMC9940823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Proximal intestinal enterocytes expresses both intestinal-fatty acid binding protein (IFABP; FABP2) and liver-FABP (LFABP; FABP1). These FABPs are thought to be important in the net uptake of dietary lipid from the intestinal lumen, however their specific and potentially unique functions in the enterocyte remain incompletely understood. We previously showed markedly divergent phenotypes in LFABP-/- vs. IFABP-/- mice fed high-fat diets, with the former becoming obese and the latter remaining lean relative to wild-type (WT) mice, supporting different functional roles for each protein. Interestingly, neither mouse model displayed increased fecal lipid concentration, raising the question of whether the presence of one FABP was sufficient to compensate for absence of the other. Here, we generated an LFABP and IFABP double knockout mouse (DKO) to determine whether simultaneous ablation would lead to fat malabsorption, and to further interrogate the individual vs. overlapping functions of these proteins. Male WT, IFABP-/-, LFABP-/-, and DKO mice were fed a low-fat (10 % kcal) or high-fat (45 % kcal) diet for 12 weeks. The body weights and fat mass of the DKO mice integrated those of the LFABP-/- and IFABP-/- single knockouts, supporting the notion that IFABP and LFABP have distinct functions in intestinal lipid assimilation that result in downstream alterations in systemic energy metabolism. Remarkably, no differences in fecal fat concentrations were found in the DKO compared to WT, revealing that the FABPs are not required for net intestinal uptake of dietary lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Gajda
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hiba R Tawfeeq
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Atreju I Lackey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yin Xiu Zhou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hamzeh Kanaan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Arete Pappas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Heli Xu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sarala Kodukula
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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13
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Yan T, Luo Y, Yan N, Hamada K, Zhao N, Xia Y, Wang P, Zhao C, Qi D, Yang S, Sun L, Cai J, Wang Q, Jiang C, Gavrilova O, Krausz KW, Patel DP, Yu X, Wu X, Hao H, Liu W, Qu A, Gonzalez FJ. Intestinal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-fatty acid-binding protein 1 axis modulates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2023; 77:239-255. [PMID: 35460276 PMCID: PMC9970020 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) regulates fatty acid transport and catabolism in liver. However, the role of intestinal PPARα in lipid homeostasis is largely unknown. Here, intestinal PPARα was examined for its modulation of obesity and NASH. APPROACH AND RESULTS Intestinal PPARα was activated and fatty acid-binding protein 1 (FABP1) up-regulated in humans with obesity and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice as revealed by using human intestine specimens or HFD/high-fat, high-cholesterol, and high-fructose diet (HFCFD)-fed C57BL/6N mice and PPARA -humanized, peroxisome proliferator response element-luciferase mice. Intestine-specific Ppara or Fabp1 disruption in mice fed a HFD or HFCFD decreased obesity-associated metabolic disorders and NASH. Molecular analyses by luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in combination with fatty acid uptake assays in primary intestinal organoids revealed that intestinal PPARα induced the expression of FABP1 that in turn mediated the effects of intestinal PPARα in modulating fatty acid uptake. The PPARα antagonist GW6471 improved obesity and NASH, dependent on intestinal PPARα or FABP1. Double-knockout ( Ppara/Fabp1ΔIE ) mice demonstrated that intestinal Ppara disruption failed to further decrease obesity and NASH in the absence of intestinal FABP1. Translationally, GW6471 reduced human PPARA-driven intestinal fatty acid uptake and improved obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions in PPARA -humanized, but not Ppara -null, mice. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal PPARα signaling promotes NASH progression through regulating dietary fatty acid uptake through modulation of FABP1, which provides a compelling therapeutic target for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nana Yan
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling‐Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yangliu Xia
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Changdong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, P.R. China
| | - Dan Qi
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shoumei Yang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jie Cai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daxesh P. Patel
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoting Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling‐Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Aijuan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling‐Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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14
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Sini ZK, Afzalpour ME, Ahmadi MM, Sardar MA, Khaleghzadeh H, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Akaras E, Azimkhani A. Comparison of the effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on indices of liver and muscle tissue in high-fat diet-induced male rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-022-00229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases. It is shown that moderate to high physical activities can play a crucial role in improving this disease.
Aim
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the levels of the myonectin in serum and tissue levels and fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) in male rats with NAFLD.
Materials and methods
Thirty-three male rats were randomly divided into five groups: high-fat diet to confirm NAFLD induction (n = 5), normal diet sedentary (n = 7), high-fat diet sedentary (n = 7), high-fat diet with HIIT (n = 7), and high-fat diet with MCIT (n = 7). Induction of NAFLD was performed by feeding rats for 12 weeks with a high-fat diet containing 60% fat. The training protocols were performed in five sessions per week for 8 weeks. The HIIT group has performed 4 × 4 min interval running on a treadmill up to 80–95% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and then recovered at 50–60% VO2max. The MICT protocol has performed up to 50–60% VO2max for 50 min. myonectin and FATP4 were also measured by the animal Elisa kit (Zellbio, Germany) with a sensitivity of 0.02 ng/L. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the insulin resistance homeostasis assessment index using the following formula (HOMA-IR): “fasting glucose (mg/dl) × fasting in insulin (mg/L) ÷ 405”. One-way ANOVA analysis of variance was utilized for statistical analyses and Tukey’s post hoc test at a significant level of p < 0.05.
Results
The 8-week intervention showed that both HIIT and MICT positively influenced the serum myonectin and FATP4 levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the trained groups in tissue levels of the myonectin and serum levels of FATP4 (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Altogether, both HIIT and MICT can lead to valuable adaptations and recovery of NAFLD in male rats.
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15
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Anam AK, Cooke KM, Dratver MB, O'Bryan JV, Perley LE, Guller SM, Hwang JJ, Taylor HS, Goedeke L, Kliman HJ, Vatner DF, Flannery CA. Insulin increases placental triglyceride as a potential mechanism for fetal adiposity in maternal obesity. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101574. [PMID: 35970449 PMCID: PMC9440306 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal obesity increases the incidence of excess adiposity in newborns, resulting in lifelong diabetes risk. Elevated intrauterine fetal adiposity has been attributed to maternal hyperglycemia; however, this hypothesis does not account for the increased adiposity seen in newborns of mothers with obesity who have euglycemia. We aimed to explore the placental response to maternal hyperinsulinemia and the effect of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) in promoting fetal adiposity by increasing storage and availability of nutrients to the fetus. METHODS We used placental villous explants and isolated trophoblasts from normal weight and obese women to assess the effect of insulin and IGF-2 on triglyceride content and insulin receptor signaling. Stable isotope tracer methods were used ex vivo to determine effect of hormone treatment on de novo lipogenesis (DNL), fatty acid uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and esterification in the placenta. RESULTS Here we show that placentae from euglycemic women with normal weight and obesity both have abundant insulin receptor. Placental depth and triglyceride were greater in women with obesity compared with normal weight women. In syncytialized placental trophoblasts and villous explants, insulin and IGF-2 activate insulin receptor, induce expression of lipogenic transcription factor SREBP-1 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1), and stimulate triglyceride accumulation. We demonstrate elevated triglyceride is attributable to increased esterification of fatty acids, without contribution from DNL and without an acceleration of fatty acid uptake. CONCLUSIONS Our work reveals that obesity-driven aberrations in maternal metabolism, such as hyperinsulinemia, alter placental metabolism in euglycemic conditions, and may explain the higher prevalence of excess adiposity in the newborns of obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika K Anam
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katherine M Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Milana Bochkur Dratver
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jane V O'Bryan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren E Perley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Seth M Guller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Janice J Hwang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leigh Goedeke
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Harvey J Kliman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel F Vatner
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clare A Flannery
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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16
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Molecular mechanisms of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD): functional analysis of lipid metabolism pathways. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1347-1366. [PMID: 36148775 PMCID: PMC9508552 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a condition of fat accumulation in the liver in combination with metabolic dysfunction in the form of overweight or obesity and insulin resistance. It is also associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk, including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Hepatic lipid metabolism is regulated by a combination of the uptake and export of fatty acids, de novo lipogenesis, and fat utilization by β-oxidation. When the balance between these pathways is altered, hepatic lipid accumulation commences, and long-term activation of inflammatory and fibrotic pathways can progress to worsen the liver disease. This review discusses the details of the molecular mechanisms regulating hepatic lipids and the emerging therapies targeting these pathways as potential future treatments for MAFLD.
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17
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Wu Y, Tang J, Wen Z, Zhang B, Cao J, Zhao L, Guo Z, Xie M, Zhou Z, Hou S. Dietary methionine deficiency stunts growth and increases fat deposition via suppression of fatty acids transportation and hepatic catabolism in Pekin ducks. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:61. [PMID: 35581591 PMCID: PMC9115956 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although methionine (Met), the first-limiting dietary amino acid, has crucial roles in growth and regulation of lipid metabolism in ducks, mechanisms underlying are not well understood. Therefore, the objective was to use dietary Met deficiency to investigate the involvement of Met in lipid metabolism and fat accumulation of Pekin ducks. Methods A total of 150 male Pekin ducks (15-d-old, 558.5 ± 4.4 g) were allocated into 5 groups (6 replicates with 5 birds each) and fed corn and soybean meal-based diets containing 0.28%, 0.35%, 0.43%, 0.50%, and 0.58% Met, respectively, for 4 weeks. Met-deficient (Met-D, 0.28% Met) and Met-adequate (Met-A, 0.43% Met) groups were selected for subsequent molecular studies. Serum, liver, and abdominal fat samples were collected to assess the genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism of Pekin ducks and hepatocytes were cultured in vivo for verification. Results Dietary Met deficiency caused growth depression and excess fat deposition that were ameliorated by feeding diets with adequate Met. Serum triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations increased (P < 0.05), whereas serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total protein, and albumin decreased (P < 0.05) in Met-D ducks compared to those in Met-A ducks. Based on hepatic proteomics analyses, dietary Met deficiency suppressed expression of key proteins related to fatty acid transport, fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, and electron transport chain; selected key proteins had similar expression patterns verified by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, which indicated these processes were likely impaired. In vitro verification with hepatocyte models confirmed albumin expression was diminished by Met deficiency. Additionally, in abdominal fat, dietary Met deficiency increased adipocyte diameter and area (P < 0.05), and down-regulated (P < 0.05) of lipolytic genes and proteins, suggesting Met deficiency may suppress lipolysis in adipocyte. Conclusion Taken together, these data demonstrated that dietary Met deficiency in Pekin ducks resulted in stunted growth and excess fat deposition, which may be related to suppression of fatty acids transportation and hepatic catabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00709-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiguo Wen
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lulu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhanbao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhengkui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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18
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Bhat N, Narayanan A, Fathzadeh M, Kahn M, Zhang D, Goedeke L, Neogi A, Cardone RL, Kibbey RG, Fernandez-Hernando C, Ginsberg HN, Jain D, Shulman GI, Mani A. Dyrk1b promotes hepatic lipogenesis by bypassing canonical insulin signaling and directly activating mTORC2 in mice. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e153724. [PMID: 34855620 PMCID: PMC8803348 DOI: 10.1172/jci153724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Dyrk1b are associated with metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in humans. Our investigations showed that DYRK1B levels are increased in the liver of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and in mice fed with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Increasing Dyrk1b levels in the mouse liver enhanced de novo lipogenesis (DNL), fatty acid uptake, and triacylglycerol secretion and caused NASH and hyperlipidemia. Conversely, knockdown of Dyrk1b was protective against high-calorie-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and hyperlipidemia. Mechanistically, Dyrk1b increased DNL by activating mTORC2 in a kinase-independent fashion. Accordingly, the Dyrk1b-induced NASH was fully rescued when mTORC2 was genetically disrupted. The elevated DNL was associated with increased plasma membrane sn-1,2-diacylglyerol levels and increased PKCε-mediated IRKT1150 phosphorylation, which resulted in impaired activation of hepatic insulin signaling and reduced hepatic glycogen storage. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms that underlie Dyrk1b-induced hepatic lipogenesis and hepatic insulin resistance and identify Dyrk1b as a therapeutic target for NASH and insulin resistance in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bhat
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anand Narayanan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mohsen Fathzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Mario Kahn
- Yale Diabetes Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Yale Diabetes Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leigh Goedeke
- Yale Diabetes Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Arpita Neogi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Cardone
- Yale Diabetes Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard G. Kibbey
- Yale Diabetes Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Henry N. Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Yale Diabetes Research Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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19
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Ma Y, Nenkov M, Chen Y, Press AT, Kaemmerer E, Gassler N. Fatty acid metabolism and acyl-CoA synthetases in the liver-gut axis. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1512-1533. [PMID: 34904027 PMCID: PMC8637682 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are energy substrates and cell components which participate in regulating signal transduction, transcription factor activity and secretion of bioactive lipid mediators. The acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) family containing 26 family members exhibits tissue-specific distribution, distinct fatty acid substrate preferences and diverse biological functions. Increasing evidence indicates that dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in the liver-gut axis, designated as the bidirectional relationship between the gut, microbiome and liver, is closely associated with a range of human diseases including metabolic disorders, inflammatory disease and carcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract and liver. In this review, we depict the role of ACSs in fatty acid metabolism, possible molecular mechanisms through which they exert functions, and their involvement in hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma, with particular attention paid to long-chain fatty acids and small-chain fatty acids. Additionally, the liver-gut communication and the liver and gut intersection with the microbiome as well as diseases related to microbiota imbalance in the liver-gut axis are addressed. Moreover, the development of potentially therapeutic small molecules, proteins and compounds targeting ACSs in cancer treatment is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Ma
- Section Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Miljana Nenkov
- Section Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Yuan Chen
- Section Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Adrian T Press
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Elke Kaemmerer
- Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Gassler
- Section Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
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20
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Bile acid activated receptors: Integrating immune and metabolic regulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Zhang N, Zeng JP, Wu YP, Wei M, Zhang H, Zheng L, Deng ZY, Li J. Human Milk sn-2 Palmitate Triglyceride Rich in Linoleic Acid Had Lower Digestibility but Higher Absorptivity Compared with the sn-2 Palmitate Triglyceride Rich in Oleic Acid in Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9137-9146. [PMID: 33337143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The digestion and absorption of different structural lipids in human milk may be different. Hence, by simulating in vitro infant digestion and Caco-2 cells to explore the effects of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL)/1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (LPL)/1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) and their mixtures (M) (OPL/LPL/OPO in M1, M2, and M3 were 1.5/0.5/1, 1.2/1.2/1, and 0.5/0.2/1, respectively) on digestion and absorption. The digestibility of the OPO group was higher than those of the OPL and LPL groups, and the M3 group was higher than the M1 and M2 groups. The synthesis and transport of triglycerides in Caco-2 cells in OPL and LPL groups were higher than the OPO group, and the M1 group was significantly higher than that of M3. The expression of FABP1, PPARα, and MTT protein in OPL and M1 groups was significantly higher than OPO and M3, respectively. There are differences in the digestion and absorption of differently structured lipids from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jun-Peng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Meng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Liufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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22
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von Loeffelholz C, Coldewey SM, Birkenfeld AL. A Narrative Review on the Role of AMPK on De Novo Lipogenesis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Evidence from Human Studies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071822. [PMID: 34359991 PMCID: PMC8306246 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
5′AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as metabolic sensor in mammalian cells that becomes activated by an increasing adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio. The heterotrimeric AMPK protein comprises three subunits, each of which has multiple phosphorylation sites, playing an important role in the regulation of essential molecular pathways. By phosphorylation of downstream proteins and modulation of gene transcription AMPK functions as a master switch of energy homeostasis in tissues with high metabolic turnover, such as the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Regulation of AMPK under conditions of chronic caloric oversupply emerged as substantial research target to get deeper insight into the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Evidence supporting the role of AMPK in NAFLD is mainly derived from preclinical cell culture and animal studies. Dysbalanced de novo lipogenesis has been identified as one of the key processes in NAFLD pathogenesis. Thus, the scope of this review is to provide an integrative overview of evidence, in particular from clinical studies and human samples, on the role of AMPK in the regulation of primarily de novo lipogenesis in human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian von Loeffelholz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9323-177; Fax: +49-3641-9323-102
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
- Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Department of Diabetology Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;
- Department of Therapy of Diabetes, Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases in the Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Rayne Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RJ, UK
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α-Lipoic Acid Alleviates Hepatic Lipid Deposition by Inhibiting FASN Expression via miR-3548 in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072331. [PMID: 34371841 PMCID: PMC8308747 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive liver lipid deposition is a vital risk factor for the development of many diseases. Here, we fed Sprague-Dawley rats with a control or α-lipoic acid-supplemented diet (0.2%) for 5 weeks to elucidate the effects of α-lipoic acid on preventive ability, hepatic lipid metabolism-related gene expression, and the involved regulatory mechanisms. In the current study, α-lipoic acid supplementation lowered plasma triglyceride level and hepatic triglyceride content. Reduced hepatic lipid deposition was closely associated with inhibiting fatty acid-binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase expression, as well as increasing phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase expression at the protein level in α-lipoic acid-exposed rats. Hepatic miRNA sequencing revealed increased expression of miR-3548 targeting the 3'untranslated region of Fasn mRNA, and the direct regulatory link between miRNA-3548 and FASN was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Taken together, α-lipoic acid lowered hepatic lipid accumulation, which involved changes in miRNA-mediated lipogenic genes.
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24
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Levy E, Beaulieu JF, Spahis S. From Congenital Disorders of Fat Malabsorption to Understanding Intra-Enterocyte Mechanisms Behind Chylomicron Assembly and Secretion. Front Physiol 2021; 12:629222. [PMID: 33584351 PMCID: PMC7873531 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.629222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, a large body of information on the events responsible for intestinal fat digestion and absorption has been accumulated. In particular, many groups have extensively focused on the absorptive phase in order to highlight the critical "players" and the main mechanisms orchestrating the assembly and secretion of chylomicrons (CM) as essential vehicles of alimentary lipids. The major aim of this article is to review understanding derived from basic science and clinical conditions associated with impaired packaging and export of CM. We have particularly insisted on inborn metabolic pathways in humans as well as on genetically modified animal models (recapitulating pathological features). The ultimate goal of this approach is that "experiments of nature" and in vivo model strategy collectively allow gaining novel mechanistic insight and filling the gap between the underlying genetic defect and the apparent clinical phenotype. Thus, uncovering the cause of disease contributes not only to understanding normal physiologic pathway, but also to capturing disorder onset, progression, treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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25
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Wu C, Chen C, Liu Y, Li H, Cheng B. Proteomic analysis of liver tissue between fat and lean broiler lines. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:211-218. [PMID: 33263412 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1847253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1. The liver is the major site of fatty acid synthesis in chickens. Lipid metabolism in the liver correlates with the deposition of triglycerides in adipose tissue. Northeast Agricultural University broilers lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF) provide a unique model to study the mechanisms of fat deposition.2. In previous studies, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the livers of fat and lean broilers were evaluated across different developmental stages. Whether protein expression differences exist between the livers of fat and lean broilers is largely unknown. The current experiment used 2D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to screen expressed protein (DEP) spots in the liver tissues of NEAUHLF at one, four and seven weeks of age.3. Twenty-two DEPs were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS that were involved in lipid, energy, protein and amino acid metabolism, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton, and transport.4. These data furthered the understanding of the fat and lean phenotypes of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - C Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Y Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - H Li
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - B Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Heilongjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Department of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, China
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26
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Gohar A, Shakeel M, Atkinson RL, Haleem DJ. Potential mechanisms of improvement in body weight, metabolic profile, and liver metabolism by honey in rats on a high fat diet. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Inverse correlation between fatty acid transport protein 4 and vision in Leber congenital amaurosis associated with RPE65 mutation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32114-32123. [PMID: 33257550 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012623117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4), a transmembrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is a recently identified negative regulator of the ER-associated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)65 isomerase necessary for recycling 11-cis-retinal, the light-sensitive chromophore of both rod and cone opsin visual pigments. The role of FATP4 in the disease progression of retinal dystrophies associated with RPE65 mutations is completely unknown. Here we show that FATP4-deficiency in the RPE results in 2.8-fold and 1.7-fold increase of 11-cis- and 9-cis-retinals, respectively, improving dark-adaptation rates as well as survival and function of rods in the Rpe65 R91W knockin (KI) mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Degradation of S-opsin in the proteasomes, but not in the lysosomes, was remarkably reduced in the KI mouse retinas lacking FATP4. FATP4-deficiency also significantly rescued S-opsin trafficking and M-opsin solubility in the KI retinas. The number of S-cones in the inferior retinas of 4- or 6-mo-old KI;Fatp4 -/- mice was 7.6- or 13.5-fold greater than those in age-matched KI mice. Degeneration rates of S- and M-cones are negatively correlated with expression levels of FATP4 in the RPE of the KI, KI;Fatp4 +/- , and KI;Fatp4 -/- mice. Moreover, the visual function of S- and M-cones is markedly preserved in the KI;Fatp4 -/- mice, displaying an inverse correlation with the FATP4 expression levels in the RPE of the three mutant lines. These findings establish FATP4 as a promising therapeutic target to improve the visual cycle, as well as survival and function of cones and rods in patients with RPE65 mutations.
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28
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Khadke S, Mandave P, Kuvalekar A, Pandit V, Karandikar M, Mantri N. Synergistic Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Oral-Hypoglycemic Drug on Lipid Normalization through Modulation of Hepatic Gene Expression in High Fat Diet with Low Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3652. [PMID: 33261004 PMCID: PMC7760711 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which an outcome of impaired insulin action and its secretion, is concomitantly associated with lipid abnormalities. The study was designed to evaluate the combinational effect of omega-3 fatty acids (flax and fish oil) and glibenclamide on abnormal lipid profiles, increased blood glucose, and impaired liver and kidney functions in a high fat diet with low streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, including its probable mechanism of action. The male Wistar rats (n = 48) were distributed into eight groups. All animal groups except the healthy received a high fat diet (HFD) for 90 days. Further, diabetes was developed by low dose STZ (35 mg/kg). Diabetic animals received, omega-3 fatty acids (500 mg/kg), along with glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg). Both flax and fish oil intervention decreased (p ≤ 0.001) serum triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein and elevated (p ≤ 0.001) high density lipoprotein levels in diabetic rats. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein level was decreased (p ≤ 0.001) in fish oil-treated rats. However, it remained unaffected in the flax oil treatment group. Both flax and fish oil intervention downregulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism genes, transcription factors (sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c and nuclear factor-κβ), and their regulatory genes i.e., acetyl-coA carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase, and tumor necrosis factors-α. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene expression was upregulated (p ≤ 0.001) in the fish oil treatment group. Whereas, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and fatty acid binding protein gene expression were upregulated (p ≤ 0.001) in both flax and fish oil intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Khadke
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India; (S.K.); (P.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Pallavi Mandave
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India; (S.K.); (P.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aniket Kuvalekar
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India; (S.K.); (P.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Vijaya Pandit
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Manjiri Karandikar
- Department of Pathology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to Be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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29
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Ashida H, Tian X, Kitakaze T, Yamashita Y. Bisacurone suppresses hepatic lipid accumulation through inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:43-52. [PMID: 32801468 PMCID: PMC7417797 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Turmeric and its components have various health beneficial functions. However, little is known about function of bisacurone, which is one of the sesquiterpenes in turmeric, at the compound level. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of bisacurone on hepatic lipid accumulation and its mechanism in HepG2 cells and ICR mice. In HepG2 cells, bisacurone significantly inhibited fatty acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Bisacurone at 10 µM increased protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A accompanied by phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. In the liver of ICR mice, bisacurone decreased total lipids, triglyceride, and cholesterol contents. Bisacurone at 10 mg/kg body weight increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, and its downstream acetyl-CoA carboxylase as a rate-limiting enzyme for lipogenesis, while it decreased the nuclear translocation level of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein as the major transcription factors for lipogenesis. On the other hand, bisacurone promoted lipolysis by up-expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A. Thus, bisacurone might be a valuable food factor for preventing hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting lipolysis through phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Xiaokuo Tian
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kitakaze
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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30
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Chen Y, Agellon LB. Distinct Alteration of Gene Expression Programs in the Small Intestine of Male and Female Mice in Response to Ablation of Intestinal Fabp Genes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080943. [PMID: 32824144 PMCID: PMC7465894 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (Fabps) make up a family of widely distributed cytoplasmic lipid-binding proteins. The small intestine contains three predominant Fabp species, Fabp1, Fabp2, and Fabp6. Our previous studies showed that Fabp2 and Fabp6 gene-disrupted mice exhibited sexually dimorphic phenotypes. In this study, we carried out a systematic comparative analysis of the small intestinal transcriptomes of 10 week-old wild-type (WT) and Fabp gene-disrupted male and female mice. We found that the small intestinal transcriptome of male and female mice showed key differences in the gene expression profiles that affect major biological processes. The deletion of specific Fabp genes induced unique and sex-specific changes in the gene expression program, although some differentially expressed genes in certain genotypes were common to both sexes. Functional annotation and interaction network analyses revealed that the number and type of affected pathways, as well as the sets of interacting nodes in each of the Fabp genotypes, are partitioned by sex. To our knowledge, this is the first time that sex differences were identified and categorized at the transcriptome level in mice lacking different intestinal Fabps. The distinctive transcriptome profiles of WT male and female small intestine may predetermine the nature of transcriptional reprogramming that manifests as sexually dimorphic responses to the ablation of intestinal Fabp genes.
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31
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Onufer EJ, Han YH, Czepielewski RS, Courtney CM, Sutton S, Randolph GJ, Warner BW. Effects of high-fat diet on liver injury after small bowel resection. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:1099-1106. [PMID: 32164985 PMCID: PMC7299751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal regimen for enteral nutritional support in the management of children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) is not well characterized. A high fat, enteral diet is theoretically beneficial due to increased caloric density and enhanced structural adaptation. We therefore sought to determine the long-term effects of a high fat diet (HFD) on liver injury, a common complication of SBS, compared to a standard chow (SC) diet. METHODS Using a parenteral nutrition-independent model of resection-associated liver injury, C57BL/6 mice underwent a sham operation or a 50% or 75% proximal small bowel resection (SBR). Mice in each group were then fed either a HFD (35% kcal fat) or SC (13% kcal fat). At post-operative week 15, markers of liver injury were quantified. RESULTS Liver triglyceride levels were increased from 7- to 19-fold in mice on the HFD compared to mice fed SC in the sham, 50%, and 75% resection groups. Serum ALT (2.2-fold increase in 75% resected mice compared to sham controls) and AST (2.0- and 2.7-fold increases in 50% and 75% resected mice, respectively) levels as well as fibrotic liver staining were elevated only in resected mice fed a HFD. CONCLUSION Long-term enteral feeding of HFD in our murine SBS model is associated with hepatic steatosis and liver injury. Our observation that liver steatosis and injury occur independent of parenteral nutrition suggests that enteral feeding composition and magnitude of intestinal loss may make a significant contribution to intestinal failure-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Onufer
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yong-Hyun Han
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rafael S. Czepielewski
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Cathleen M. Courtney
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stephanie Sutton
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gwendalyn J. Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Brad W. Warner
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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32
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Martin GG, Landrock D, McIntosh AL, Milligan S, Landrock KK, Kier AB, Mackie J, Schroeder F. High Glucose and Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein Gene Ablation Differentially Impact Whole Body and Liver Phenotype in High-Fat Pair-Fed Mice. Lipids 2020; 55:309-327. [PMID: 32314395 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ad libitum-fed diets high in fat and carbohydrate (especially fructose) induce weight gain, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans and animal models. However, interpretation is complicated since ad libitum feeding of such diets induces hyperphagia and upregulates expression of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP)-a protein intimately involved in fatty acid and glucose regulation of lipid metabolism. Wild-type (WT) and L-fabp gene ablated (LKO) mice were pair-fed either high-fat diet (HFD) or high-fat/high-glucose diet (HFGD) wherein total carbohydrate was maintained constant but the proportion of glucose was increased at the expense of fructose. In LKO mice, the pair-fed HFD increased body weight and lean tissue mass (LTM) but had no effect on fat tissue mass (FTM) or hepatic fatty vacuolation as compared to pair-fed WT counterparts. These LKO mice exhibited upregulation of hepatic proteins in fatty acid uptake and cytosolic transport (caveolin and sterol carrier protein-2), but lower hepatic fatty acid oxidation (decreased serum β-hydroxybutyrate). LKO mice pair-fed HFGD also exhibited increased body weight; however, these mice had increased FTM, not LTM, and increased hepatic fatty vacuolation as compared to pair-fed WT counterparts. These LKO mice also exhibited upregulation of hepatic proteins in fatty acid uptake and cytosolic transport (caveolin and acyl-CoA binding protein, but not sterol carrier protein-2), but there was no change in hepatic fatty acid oxidation (serum β-hydroxybutyrate) as compared to pair-fed WT counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Avery L McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sherrelle Milligan
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kerstin K Landrock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ann B Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - John Mackie
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Matilainen J, Mustonen AM, Rilla K, Käkelä R, Sihvo SP, Nieminen P. Orotic acid-treated hepatocellular carcinoma cells resist steatosis by modification of fatty acid metabolism. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:70. [PMID: 32284043 PMCID: PMC7155272 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orotic acid (OA) has been intensively utilized to induce fatty liver in rats. Although the capacity of OA to cause steatosis is species-specific, previous in vitro studies indicate that humans could also be susceptible to OA-induced fatty liver. The aim of the present study was to re-elucidate the potential of OA exposure to modulate the cellular mechanisms involved in both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis and cellular protection from lipid accumulation. In addition, alterations in detailed fatty acid (FA) profiles of cells and culture media were analyzed to assess the significance of lipid metabolism in these phenomena. METHODS In our experiments, human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were exposed to OA. Bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was used to mimic hepatic inflammation. The lipogenic and inflammatory effects of OA and/or LPS on cells were assessed by labeling cellular lipids with Nile red stain and by performing image quantifications. The expression levels of key enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and of inflammatory markers related to the disease development were studied by qRT-PCR. FA profiles of cells and culture media were determined from total lipids with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Our data indicate that although OA possibly promotes the first stage of DNL, it does not cause a definite lipogenic transformation in HepG2 cells. Reduced proportions of 16:0, increased stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 mRNA expression and relatively high proportions of 16:1n-7 suggest that active delta9-desaturation may limit lipogenesis and the accumulation of toxic 16:0. Inflammatory signaling could be reduced by the increased production of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and the active incorporation of certain FA, including 18:1n-9, into cells. In addition, increased proportions of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3, total PUFA and dimethyl acetal 18:0 suggest that OA exposure may cause increased secretion of lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that, apart from the transcription-level events reported by previous studies, modifications of FA metabolism may also be involved in the prevention of OA-mediated steatosis. Increased delta9-desaturation and secretion of lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles could offer potential mechanisms for further studies to unravel how OA-treated cells alleviate lipidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Matilainen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anne-Mari Mustonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna P Sihvo
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petteri Nieminen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Mao H, Xu X, Liu H, Cao H, Dong X, Xu N, Zou X, Yin Z. The temporal-spatial patterns, polymorphisms and association analysis with meat quality traits of FABP1 gene in domestic pigeons ( Columba livia). Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:232-241. [PMID: 32063032 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1724880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP) are members of lipid-binding proteins, which participate in the metabolism and intracellular transportation of lipids. This study was designed to investigate the expression patterns, polymorphisms and associations with meat quality traits of the FABP1 gene in pigeons. 2. The temporal-spatial expression patterns showed FABP1 was widely expressed in all eleven tissues from 0-4 weeks of age, the expression level in the liver was the highest, followed by the small intestine and subcutaneous fat. 3. Five novel SNPs were found; all of them were synonymous and in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Association analysis revealed that for the SNP of G161C, the AB and BB genotypes had higher (P ≤ 0.01) inosinic acid concentrations in breast muscle than the AA genotype. The BB genotype showed the highest (P < 0.01) intramuscular fat among the three genotypes, and significantly greater FABP1 mRNA levels were observed in the breast muscle of the BB genotype than in the AA and AB genotypes (P < 0.01). In the SNP C1376T, the AB and BB genotypes showed higher (P < 0.01) intramuscular fat than the AA genotype, and the relative mRNA expression level of the BB (P < 0.01) and AB (P < 0.05) genotypes was higher than that of the AA genotype in breast muscle. Correlation analysis implied that the FABP1 mRNA expression level was closely related to the inosinic acid (P < 0.05) and intramuscular fat content (P < 0.01). Oil red O staining of frozen sections of breast muscle on d 28 for SNPs G161C and C1376T also indicated that the BB genotype had the highest intramuscular fat content in both SNPs. In addition, correlation analysis implied the FABP1 mRNA expression level was closely related to inosinic acid (P < 0.05) and intramuscular fat content (P < 0.01). 4. The results suggested that FABP1 could be a potential candidate gene in marker-assisted selection for breeding pigeons with high-quality meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - X Xu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - H Liu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - H Cao
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - X Dong
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - N Xu
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - X Zou
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Z Yin
- Animal Science College, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
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35
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Effects of dietary supplementation with apple peel powder on the growth, blood and liver parameters, and transcriptome of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224995. [PMID: 31714944 PMCID: PMC6850550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density aquaculture and nutritional imbalances may promote fatty liver in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus), thus reducing the gains achieved by breeding. In this study, apple peel powder (APP) was used as a feed additive for GIFT. A control group (fed on a diet without APP) and five groups fed on diets supplemented with APP (at 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, or 0.8% of the diet, by weight) were established to investigate the effects of APP on GIFT growth performance and physiological parameters, and on gene expression as determined by transcriptomic analysis. Dietary supplementation with APP at 0.2% promoted GIFT growth, reduced total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in the serum and liver, and decreased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in the serum. Gene expression profiles in the liver were compared among the control, 0.2% APP, and 0.8% APP groups, and differentially expressed genes among these groups were identified. Annotation analyses using tools at the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the regulation of immunity and fat metabolism. The results showed that excessive supplementation with APP in the diet significantly inhibited the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein, and stimulated the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2, heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1, and nuclear factor kappa B. This resulted in disordered lipid metabolism and increased pro-inflammatory reactions, which in turn caused liver damage. Therefore, APP has good potential as an environmentally friendly feed additive for GIFT at levels of 0.1%–0.2% in the diet, but excessive amounts can have adverse effects.
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Xu H, Gajda AM, Zhou YX, Panetta C, Sifnakis Z, Fatima A, Henderson GC, Storch J. Muscle metabolic reprogramming underlies the resistance of liver fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP)-null mice to high-fat feeding-induced decline in exercise capacity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15358-15372. [PMID: 31451493 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP) binds long-chain fatty acids with high affinity and is abundantly expressed in the liver and small intestine. Although LFABP is thought to function in intracellular lipid trafficking, studies of LFABP-null (LFABP-/-) mice have also indicated a role in regulating systemic energy homeostasis. We and others have reported that LFABP-/- mice become more obese than wildtype (WT) mice upon high-fat feeding. Here, we show that despite increased body weight and fat mass, LFABP-/- mice are protected from a high-fat feeding-induced decline in exercise capacity, displaying an approximate doubling of running distance compared with WT mice. To understand this surprising exercise phenotype, we focused on metabolic alterations in the skeletal muscle due to LFABP ablation. Compared with WT mice, resting skeletal muscle of LFABP-/- mice had higher glycogen and intramuscular triglyceride levels as well as an increased fatty acid oxidation rate and greater mitochondrial enzyme activities, suggesting higher substrate availability and substrate utilization capacity. Dynamic changes in the respiratory exchange ratio during exercise indicated that LFABP-/- mice use more carbohydrate in the beginning of an exercise period and then switch to using lipids preferentially in the later stage. Consistently, LFABP-/- mice exhibited a greater decrease in muscle glycogen stores during exercise and elevated circulating free fatty acid levels postexercise. We conclude that, because LFABP is not expressed in muscle, its ablation appears to promote interorgan signaling that alters muscle substrate levels and metabolism, thereby contributing to the prevention of high-fat feeding-induced skeletal muscle impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Xu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Angela M Gajda
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901.,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Yin Xiu Zhou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Cristina Panetta
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Zoe Sifnakis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Anam Fatima
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Gregory C Henderson
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901.,Department of Exercise Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 .,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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37
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Khadke SP, Kuvalekar AA, Harsulkar AM, Mantri N. High Energy Intake Induced Overexpression of Transcription Factors and Its Regulatory Genes Involved in Acceleration of Hepatic Lipogenesis: A Rat Model for Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2019; 7:E76. [PMID: 31569751 PMCID: PMC6966540 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin action and its secretion. The objectives of the present study were to establish an economical and efficient animal model, mimicking pathophysiology of human T2DM to understand probable molecular mechanisms in context with lipid metabolism. In the present study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Animals were fed with high fat diet (HFD) except healthy control (HC) for 12 weeks. After eight weeks, intra peritoneal glucose tolerance test was performed. After confirmation of glucose intolerance, diabetic control (DC) group was injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg b.w., i.p.). HFD fed rats showed increase (p ≤ 0.001) in glucose tolerance and HOMA-IR as compared to HC. Diabetes rats showed abnormal (p ≤ 0.001) lipid profile as compared to HC. The hepatocyte expression of transcription factors SREBP-1c and NFκβ, and their target genes were found to be upregulated, while PPAR-γ, CPT1A and FABP expressions were downregulated as compared to the HC. A number of animal models have been raised for studying T2DM, but the study has been restricted to only the biochemical level. The model is validated at biochemical, molecular and histopathological levels, which can be used for screening new therapeutics for the effective management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh P Khadke
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
| | - Aniket A Kuvalekar
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
| | - Abhay M Harsulkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India.
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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Yang Y, Huang J, Li J, Yang H, Yin Y. Effects of Stearic Acid on Proliferation, Differentiation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Curr Mol Med 2019; 20:157-166. [PMID: 31530264 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190917144127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stearic acid (SA), a saturated long-chain fatty acid consisting of 18 carbon atoms, is widely found in feed ingredients, such as corn, soybeans, and wheat. However, the roles of SA in the renewal of intestinal epithelial cells remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we found that 0.01-0.1 mM SA promoted IPEC-J2 cell differentiation and did not affect IPEC-J2 cell viability. In addition, the results showed that the viability of IPEC-J2 cells was inhibited by SA in a time- and dose-dependent manner at high concentrations. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis suggested that SA induced apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in cells. In addition, the amounts of triglyceride were significantly increased upon challenge with SA. Moreover, the decrease in the viability of cells induced by SA could be attenuated by 4-PBA, an inhibitor of ER stress. CONCLUSION In summary, SA accelerated IPEC-J2 cell differentiation at 0.01-0.1 mM. Furthermore, SA induced IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis and autophagy by causing ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South- Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South- Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.,Shandong Yihe Feed Co., Ltd. Yantai Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Yantai City, Shandong, China
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39
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Wang M, Xiao FL, Mao YJ, Ying LL, Zhou B, Li Y. Quercetin decreases the triglyceride content through the PPAR signalling pathway in primary hepatocytes of broiler chickens. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1635528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
- Department of Technology, Shenyang BOIN Feed Ltd., Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Feng Lin Xiao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yan Jun Mao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Lin Lin Ying
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, PR China
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40
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Mendez-Garcia C, Trini A, Browne V, Kochansky CJ, Pontiggia L, D'mello AP. Decreased liver triglyceride content in adult rats exposed to protein restriction during gestation and lactation: roles of hepatic lipogenesis and lipid utilization in muscle and adipose tissue. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:952-962. [PMID: 31238009 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein restriction throughout pregnancy and lactation reduces liver triglyceride (TG) content in adult male rat offspring. The study determined the contribution of hepatic lipogenesis to the reduction in liver TG content. Rats received either control or protein-restricted diets throughout pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were sacrificed on day 65. Hepatic fatty acid uptake and de novo fatty acid and TG biosynthesis were similar between control and low-protein (LP) offspring. These results indicate that hepatic lipogenesis cannot mediate the decrease in liver TG content in LP offspring. We then determined whether increased lipid utilization in adipose tissue and muscle was responsible for the decrease in liver TG content. There was suggestive evidence of increased sympathetic nervous system tone in epididymal adipose tissue of LP offspring that increased fatty acid uptake, TG lipolysis, and utilization of fatty acids in mitochondrial thermogenesis. Measurement of similar parameters demonstrated that such alterations do not occur in gastrocnemius muscle, another major lipid-utilizing tissue. Our results suggest that the decrease in liver TG content in LP offspring is likely due to increased diversion of fatty acids to white and brown adipose tissue depots and their enhanced utilization to fuel mitochondrial thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mendez-Garcia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Afsana Trini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Veron Browne
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J Kochansky
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc. P.O. Box 4, 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP75A-203, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Laura Pontiggia
- Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Statistics, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anil P D'mello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 South 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Peng X, Li J, Wang M, Qu K, Zhu H. A novel AMPK activator improves hepatic lipid metabolism and leukocyte trafficking in experimental hepatic steatosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 140:153-161. [PMID: 31253430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, IMM-H007 (H007), has been reported to reduce serum lipid levels and inhibit lipid accumulation in the liver in hyperlipidemic animal models. However, how H007 ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation remains unknown. In the present study, H007, at 200 mg/kg, reduced hepatic lipid levels and the levels of collagenous fiber in the liver in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed hamsters compared to those in the HFD group. Meanwhile, compared to the controls, H007 significantly inhibited sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) expression by upregulating the AMPK activity, suppressing the saturated fatty acid accumulation and increasing polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in the liver. Compared to the controls, H007 treatment inhibited the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) in fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells; suppressed leukocyte adherence and rolling on the liver microvasculature; and suppressed hepatic macrophage infiltration. H007 also suppressed the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in fatty acid- and lipopolysaccharide-treated HepG2 cells compared to that in the controls by activating AMPK. These data suggested that H007 had a beneficial effect by improving the lipid composition in the liver and inhibiting inflammatory cell trafficking in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Center for Drug Screening, Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Kai Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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42
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Tong J, Han CJ, Zhang JZ, He WZ, Zhao GJ, Cheng X, Zhang L, Deng KQ, Liu Y, Fan HF, Tian S, Cai J, Huang Z, She ZG, Zhang P, Li H. Hepatic Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 Alleviates Liver Steatosis and Metabolic Disorder by Transcriptionally Suppressing Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Mice. Hepatology 2019; 69:2471-2488. [PMID: 30748020 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a worldwide epidemic. A large and growing unmet therapeutic need has inspired numerous studies in the field. Integrating the published genomic data available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) with NAFLD samples from rodents, we discovered that interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) is significantly downregulated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver. In the current study, we identified IRF6 in hepatocytes as a protective factor in liver steatosis (LS). During HFD challenge, hepatic Irf6 was suppressed by promoter hypermethylation. Severity of HFD-induced LS was exacerbated in hepatocyte-specific Irf6 knockout mice, whereas hepatocyte-specific transgenic mice overexpressing Irf6 (IRF6-HTG) exhibited alleviated steatosis and metabolic disorder in response to HFD feeding. Mechanistic studies in vitro demonstrated that hepatocyte IRF6 directly binds to the promoter of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene and subsequently halts the transcription of Pparγ and its target genes (e.g., genes that regulate lipogenesis and lipid acid uptake) under physiological conditions. Conclusion: Irf6 is downregulated by promoter hypermethylation upon metabolic stimulus exposure, which fail to inhibit Pparγ and its targets, driving abnormalities of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui-Juan Han
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Zhi He
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke-Qiong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Fen Fan
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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43
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Xu P, Guo H, Wang H, Lee SC, Liu M, Pan Y, Zheng J, Zheng K, Wang H, Xie Y, Bai X, Liu Y, Zhao M, Wang L. Downregulations of placental fatty acid transporters during cadmium-induced fetal growth restriction. Toxicology 2019; 423:112-122. [PMID: 31152847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the environmental pollutants, which has multiple toxic effects on fetuses and placentas. Placental fatty acid (FA) uptake and transport are critical for the fetal and placental development. We aimed to analyze the triglyceride (TG) level, the expression patterns of several key genes involved in FA uptake and transport, and the molecular mechanisms for the altered gene expressions in placentas in response to Cd treatment. Our results showed that the placental TG level was significantly decreased in the Cd-exposed placentas. Fatty acid transporting protein 1 (FATP1), FATP6 and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) were significantly down-regulated in the placentas from Cd-exposed mice. The expression level of phospho-p38 MAPK was increased by Cd treatment, while the protein level of total p38 MAPK remained unchanged. The expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were significantly decreased in the Cd-exposed placentas. The methylation levels of the promoter regions of FATP1, FATP6 and FABP3 showed no significant differences between the treatment and control groups. In addition, the circulating non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), total cholesterol (TC), and TG levels were not decreased in the maternal serum from the Cd-exposed mice. Therefore, our results suggest Cd exposure dose not reduce the maternal FA supply, but reduces the placental TG level. Cd treatment also downregulates the placental expressions of FATP1, FATP6 and FABP3, respectively associated with p38-MAPK, p38 MAPK/PPAR-γ and HIF-1α pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Huiqin Guo
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yongliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Function Examination, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China.
| | - Kang Zheng
- Special Ward, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China.
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yuxin Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Bai
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201300, China.
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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44
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Seessle J, Liebisch G, Schmitz G, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W. Compositional Changes Among Triglycerides and Phospholipids During FATP4 Sensitization with Palmitate Lead to ER Stress in Cultured Cells. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Seessle
- Department of Internal Medicine IVGastroenterology and Infectious DiseaseIm Neuenheimer Feld 41069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of RegensburgFranz‐Josef‐Strauss‐Allee 1193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of RegensburgFranz‐Josef‐Strauss‐Allee 1193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IVGastroenterology and Infectious DiseaseIm Neuenheimer Feld 41069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IVGastroenterology and Infectious DiseaseIm Neuenheimer Feld 41069120HeidelbergGermany
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45
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McIntosh AL, Atshaves BP, Martin GG, Landrock D, Milligan S, Landrock KK, Huang H, Storey SM, Mackie J, Schroeder F, Kier AB. Effect of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) gene ablation on lipid metabolism in high glucose diet (HGD) pair-fed mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:985-1004. [PMID: 30910689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) is the major fatty acid binding/"chaperone" protein in hepatic cytosol. Although fatty acids can be derived from the breakdown of dietary fat and glucose, relatively little is known regarding the impact of L-FABP on phenotype in the context of high dietary glucose. Potential impact was examined in wild-type (WT) and Lfabp gene ablated (LKO) female mice fed either a control or pair-fed high glucose diet (HGD). WT mice fed HGD alone exhibited decreased whole body weight gain and weight gain/kcal food consumed-both as reduced lean tissue mass (LTM) and fat tissue mass (FTM). Conversely, LKO alone increased weight gain, lean tissue mass, and fat tissue mass while decreasing serum β-hydroxybutyrate (indicative of hepatic fatty acid oxidation)-regardless of diet. Both LKO alone and HGD alone significantly altered the serum lipoprotein profile and increased triacylglycerol (TG), but in HGD mice the LKO did not further exacerbate serum TG content. HGD had little effect on hepatic lipid composition in WT mice, but prevented the LKO-induced selective increase in hepatic phospholipid, free-cholesterol and cholesteryl-ester. Taken together, these findings suggest that high glucose diet diminished the effects of LKO on the whole body and lipid phenotype of these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery L McIntosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Barbara P Atshaves
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Gregory G Martin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Danilo Landrock
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Sherrelle Milligan
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Kerstin K Landrock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Stephen M Storey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - John Mackie
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America
| | - Ann B Kier
- Department of Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, TVMC, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America.
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46
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Newberry EP, Xie Y, Lodeiro C, Solis R, Moritz W, Kennedy S, Barron L, Onufer E, Alpini G, Zhou T, Blaner WS, Chen A, Davidson NO. Hepatocyte and stellate cell deletion of liver fatty acid binding protein reveals distinct roles in fibrogenic injury. FASEB J 2019; 33:4610-4625. [PMID: 30576225 PMCID: PMC6404585 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801976r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-Fabp) modulates lipid trafficking in enterocytes, hepatocytes, and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We examined hepatocyte vs. HSC L-Fabp deletion in hepatic metabolic adaptation and fibrotic injury. Floxed L-Fabp mice were bred to different transgenic Cre mice or injected with adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) Cre and fed diets to promote steatosis and fibrosis or were subjected to either bile duct ligation or CCl4 injury. Albumin-Cre-mediated L-Fabp deletion revealed recombination in hepatocytes and HSCs; these findings were confirmed with 2 other floxed alleles. Glial fibrillary acid protein-Cre and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β-Cre-mediated L-Fabp deletion demonstrated recombination only in HSCs. Mice with albumin promoter-driven Cre recombinase (Alb-Cre)-mediated or AAV8-mediated L-Fabp deletion were protected against food withdrawal-induced steatosis. Mice with Alb-Cre-mediated L-Fabp deletion were protected against high saturated fat-induced steatosis and fibrosis, phenocopying germline L-Fabp-/- mice. Mice with HSC-specific L-Fabp deletion exhibited retinyl ester depletion yet demonstrated no alterations in fibrosis. On the other hand, fibrogenic resolution after CCl4 administration was impaired in mice with Alb-Cre-mediated L-Fabp deletion. These findings suggest cell type-specific roles for L-Fabp in mitigating hepatic steatosis and in modulating fibrogenic injury and reversal.-Newberry, E. P., Xie, Y., Lodeiro, C., Solis, R., Moritz, W., Kennedy, S., Barron, L., Onufer, E., Alpini, G., Zhou, T., Blaner, W. S., Chen, A., Davidson, N. O. Hepatocyte and stellate cell deletion of liver fatty acid binding protein reveal distinct roles in fibrogenic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P. Newberry
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yan Xie
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Roberto Solis
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Moritz
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lauren Barron
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Emily Onufer
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Medical Physiology and Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology and Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - William S. Blaner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; and
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicholas O. Davidson
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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47
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Wang J, Hao JW, Wang X, Guo H, Sun HH, Lai XY, Liu LY, Zhu M, Wang HY, Li YF, Yu LY, Xie C, Wang HR, Mo W, Zhou HM, Chen S, Liang G, Zhao TJ. DHHC4 and DHHC5 Facilitate Fatty Acid Uptake by Palmitoylating and Targeting CD36 to the Plasma Membrane. Cell Rep 2019; 26:209-221.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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48
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Döring S, Seeßle J, Gan-Schreier H, Javaheri B, Jiao L, Cheng Y, Tuma-Kellner S, Liebisch G, Herrmann T, Stremmel W, Chamulitrat W. Elevation of blood lipids in hepatocyte-specific fatty acid transport 4-deficient mice fed with high glucose diets. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:30-38. [PMID: 30497809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid transport protein4 (FATP4) is upregulated in acquired and central obesity and its polymorphisms are associated with blood lipids and insulin resistance. Patients with FATP4 mutations and mice with global FATP4 deletion exhibit skin abnormalities characterized as ischthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS). Cumulating data have shown that an absence of FATP4 increases the levels of cellular triglycerides (TG). However, FATP4 role and consequent lipid and TG metabolism in the hepatocyte is still elusive. Here, hepatocyte-specific FATP4 deficient (Fatp4L-/-) mice were generated. When fed with chow, these mutant mice displayed no phenotypes regarding blood lipids. However when fed low-fat/high-sugar (HS) or high-fat/high-sugar (HFS) for 12 weeks, Fatp4L-/- mice showed a significant increase of plasma TG, free fatty acids and glycerol when compared with diet-fed control mice. Interestingly, Fatp4L-/- mice under HS diet had lower body and liver weights and they were not protected from HFS-induced body weight gain and hepatic steatosis. Male mutant mice were more sensitive to HFS diet than female mutant mice. Glucose intolerance was observed only in female Fatp4L-/- mice fed with HS diet. Lipidomics analyses revealed that hepatic phospholipids were not disturbed in mutant mice under both diets. Thus, hepatic FATP4 deletion rendered an increase of blood lipids including glycerol indicating a preferential fatty-acid channeling to TG pools that are specifically available for lipolysis. Our results imply a possible risk of hyperlipidemia as a result of abnormal metabolism in liver in IPS patients with FATP4 mutations who consume high-sugar diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Döring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Seeßle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongying Gan-Schreier
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bahador Javaheri
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li Jiao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, China
| | - Yuting Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Tuma-Kellner
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Westkuesten Hospital, Esmarchstraße 50, 25746 Heide, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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49
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Zhu K, Tang Y, Xu X, Dang H, Tang LY, Wang X, Wang XW, Zhang YE. Non-proteolytic ubiquitin modification of PPARγ by Smurf1 protects the liver from steatosis. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e3000091. [PMID: 30566427 PMCID: PMC6317813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by abnormal accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in the liver and other metabolic syndrome symptoms, but its molecular genetic causes are not completely understood. Here, we show that mice deficient for ubiquitin ligase (E3) Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) spontaneously develop hepatic steatosis as they age and exhibit the exacerbated phenotype under a high-fat diet (HFD). Our data indicate that loss of Smurf1 up-regulates the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its target genes involved in lipid synthesis and fatty acid uptake. We further show that PPARγ is a direct substrate of Smurf1-mediated non-proteolytic lysine 63 (K63)-linked ubiquitin modification that suppresses its transcriptional activity, and treatment of Smurf1-deficient mice with a PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, completely reversed the lipid accumulation in the liver. Finally, we demonstrate an inverse correlation of low SMURF1 expression to high body mass index (BMI) values in human patients, thus revealing a new role of SMURF1 in NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yi Tang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xuan Xu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hien Dang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Liu-Ya Tang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiang Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ying E. Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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50
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Ipsen DH, Lykkesfeldt J, Tveden-Nyborg P. Molecular mechanisms of hepatic lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3313-3327. [PMID: 29936596 PMCID: PMC6105174 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 740] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the world's most common liver disease, estimated to affect up to one-fourth of the population. Hallmarked by hepatic steatosis, NAFLD is associated with a multitude of detrimental effects and increased mortality. This narrative review investigates the molecular mechanisms of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD, focusing on the four major pathways contributing to lipid homeostasis in the liver. Hepatic steatosis is a consequence of lipid acquisition exceeding lipid disposal, i.e., the uptake of fatty acids and de novo lipogenesis surpassing fatty acid oxidation and export. In NAFLD, hepatic uptake and de novo lipogenesis are increased, while a compensatory enhancement of fatty acid oxidation is insufficient in normalizing lipid levels and may even promote cellular damage and disease progression by inducing oxidative stress, especially with compromised mitochondrial function and increased oxidation in peroxisomes and cytochromes. While lipid export initially increases, it plateaus and may even decrease with disease progression, sustaining the accumulation of lipids. Fueled by lipo-apoptosis, hepatic steatosis leads to systemic metabolic disarray that adversely affects multiple organs, placing abnormal lipid metabolism associated with NAFLD in close relation to many of the current life-style-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Højland Ipsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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