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Patibandla C, van Aalten L, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Honda T, Cuadrado A, Fernández-Ginés R, McNeilly AD, Hayes JD, Cantley J, Sutherland C. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 enhances NRF2 protein stability, nuclear localisation and target gene transcription in pancreatic beta cells. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103117. [PMID: 38479223 PMCID: PMC10950707 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (i.e., oxidative stress) is a leading cause of beta cell dysfunction and apoptosis in diabetes. NRF2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor-2) regulates the adaptation to oxidative stress, and its activity is negatively regulated by the redox-sensitive CUL3 (cullin-3) ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1). Additionally, NRF2 is repressed by the insulin-regulated Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK3). We have demonstrated that phosphorylation of NRF2 by GSK3 enhances β-TrCP (beta-transducin repeat-containing protein) binding and ubiquitylation by CUL1 (cullin-1), resulting in increased proteasomal degradation of NRF2. Thus, we hypothesise that inhibition of GSK3 activity or β-TrCP binding upregulates NRF2 and so protects beta cells against oxidative stress. We have found that treating the pancreatic beta cell line INS-1 832/13 with the KEAP1 inhibitor TBE31 significantly enhanced NRF2 protein levels. The presence of the GSK3 inhibitor CT99021 or the β-TrCP-NRF2 protein-protein interaction inhibitor PHAR, along with TBE31, resulted in prolonged NRF2 stability and enhanced nuclear localisation (P < 0.05). TBE31-mediated induction of NRF2-target genes encoding NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier (Gclm) subunit and heme oxygenase (Hmox1) was significantly enhanced by the presence of CT99021 or PHAR (P < 0.05) in both INS-1 832/13 and in isolated mouse islets. Identical results were obtained using structurally distinct GSK3 inhibitors and inhibition of KEAP1 with sulforaphane. In summary, we demonstrate that GSK3 and β-TrCP/CUL1 regulate the proteasomal degradation of NRF2, enhancing the impact of KEAP1 regulation, and so contributes to the redox status of pancreatic beta cells. Inhibition of GSK3, or β-TrCP/CUL1 binding to NRF2 may represent a strategy to protect beta cells from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmai Patibandla
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Lidy van Aalten
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Fernández-Ginés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale UAM-CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alison D McNeilly
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John D Hayes
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - James Cantley
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Sutherland
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, James Arnott Drive, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
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2
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Choi J, Cayabyab F, Perez H, Yoshihara E. Scaling Insulin-Producing Cells by Multiple Strategies. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:191-205. [PMID: 38572534 PMCID: PMC11066437 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the quest to combat insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), allogenic pancreatic islet cell therapy sourced from deceased donors represents a significant therapeutic advance. However, the applicability of this approach is hampered by donor scarcity and the demand for sustained immunosuppression. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are a game-changing resource for generating synthetic functional insulin-producing β cells. In addition, novel methodologies allow the direct expansion of pancreatic progenitors and mature β cells, thereby circumventing prolonged differentiation. Nevertheless, achieving practical reproducibility and scalability presents a substantial challenge for this technology. As these innovative approaches become more prominent, it is crucial to thoroughly evaluate existing expansion techniques with an emphasis on their optimization and scalability. This manuscript delineates these cutting-edge advancements, offers a critical analysis of the prevailing strategies, and underscores pivotal challenges, including cost-efficiency and logistical issues. Our insights provide a roadmap, elucidating both the promises and the imperatives in harnessing the potential of these cellular therapies for IDDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk Choi
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Fritz Cayabyab
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Harvey Perez
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Eiji Yoshihara
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Yadav R, Patel B. Insights on effects of Wnt pathway modulation on insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Wnt activation or Wnt inhibition? Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129634. [PMID: 38272413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major worldwide chronic disease and can lead to serious diabetic complications. Despite the availability of many anti-diabetic agents in the market, they are unable to meet the long-term treatment goals. Also, they cause many side effects which justify the need for novel class of anti-diabetic drugs with newer mechanism of action. Wnt signaling is one of such novel target pathways which can be explored for metabolic disorders. Many key components of the Wnt signaling are involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Polymorphism in the Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene, and mutations in the LRP5 (LDL Receptor Related Protein 5) gene lead to disturbed glucose metabolism and obesity. Despite of several years of research in this field, there is no concrete proof of concept available on whether Wnt activation or Wnt inhibition is the beneficial approach for the treatment of T2DM. Here, we have summarized the conclusions of relevant published research studies to give structured insights into possibilities to explore Wnt modulation as a novel target pathway for the treatment of T2DM. The review also highlights the present challenges and future opportunities towards the development of anti-diabetic small molecules targeting the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Bhumika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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Hamdon S, Fernandez-Gonzalez P, Omar MY, González-Sepúlveda M, Ortiz J, Gil C. CHIR99021 causes inactivation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase and depletion of dopamine in rat brain striatum. Neuropharmacology 2024; 242:109759. [PMID: 37844866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
CHIR99021, also known as laduviglusib or CT99021, is a Glycogen-synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inhibitor, which has been reported as a promising drug for cardiomyocyte regeneration or treatment of sensorial hearing loss. Since the activation of dopamine (DA) receptors regulates dopamine synthesis and they can signal through the β-arrestin pathway and GSK3β, we decided to check the effect of GSK3β inhibitors (CHIR99021, SB216763 and lithium ion) on the control of DA synthesis. Using ex vivo experiments with minces from rat brain striatum, we observed that CHIR99021, but not SB216763 or lithium, causes complete abrogation of both DA synthesis and accumulation, pointing to off-target effects of CHIR99021. This decrease can be attributed to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) inhibition since the accumulation of l-DOPA in the presence of a DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor was similarly decreased. On the other hand, CHIR99021 caused a dramatic increase in the DOPAC/DA ratio, an indicator of DA metabolization, and hindered DA incorporation into striatum tissue. Tetrabenazine, an inhibitor of DA vesicular transport, also caused DA depletion and DOPAC/DA ratio increase to the same extent as CHIR99021. In addition, both CHIR99021 or SB216763, but not lithium, decreased TH phosphorylation in Ser19, but not in Ser31 or Ser40. These results demonstrate that CHIR99021 can lead to TH inactivation and DA depletion in brain striatum, opening the possibility of its use in DA-related disorders, and shows effects to be considered in future clinical trials. More work is needed to find the mechanism exerted by CHIR99021 on DA accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Hamdon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muhammad Yusof Omar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta González-Sepúlveda
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) - Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Jordi Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Parc Taulí University Hospital and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
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Kimani CN, Reuter H, Kotzé SH, Muller CJF. Regeneration of Pancreatic Beta Cells by Modulation of Molecular Targets Using Plant-Derived Compounds: Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Potential. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6216-6245. [PMID: 37623211 PMCID: PMC10453321 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, increased cell death and loss of beta-cell mass despite chronic treatment. Consequently, there has been growing interest in developing beta cell-centered therapies. Beta-cell regeneration is mediated by augmented beta-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation of other islet cell types to functional beta-like cells or the reprograming of beta-cell progenitors into fully differentiated beta cells. This mediation is orchestrated by beta-cell differentiation transcription factors and the regulation of the cell cycle machinery. This review investigates the beta-cell regenerative potential of antidiabetic plant extracts and phytochemicals. Various preclinical studies, including in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies, are highlighted. Further, the potential regenerative mechanisms and the intra and extracellular mediators that are of significance are discussed. Also, the potential of phytochemicals to translate into regenerative therapies for T2D patients is highlighted, and some suggestions regarding future perspectives are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Njoki Kimani
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Helmuth Reuter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Sanet Henriët Kotzé
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Christo John Fredrick Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
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6
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GSK-3 inhibition reverts mesenchymal transition in primary human corneal endothelial cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151302. [PMID: 36905755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human corneal endothelial cells are organized in a tight mosaic of hexagonal cells and serve a critical function in maintaining corneal hydration and clear vision. Regeneration of the corneal endothelial tissue is hampered by its poor proliferative capacity, which is partially retrieved in vitro, albeit only for a limited number of passages before the cells undergo mesenchymal transition (EnMT). Although different culture conditions have been proposed in order to delay this process and prolong the number of cell passages, EnMT has still not been fully understood and successfully counteracted. In this perspective, we identified herein a single GSK-3 inhibitor, CHIR99021, able to revert and avoid EnMT in primary human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs) from old donors until late passages in vitro (P8), as shown from cell morphology analysis (circularity). In accordance, CHIR99021 reduced expression of α-SMA, an EnMT marker, while restored endothelial markers such as ZO-1, Na+/K+ ATPase and N-cadherin, without increasing cell proliferation. A further analysis on RNA expression confirmed that CHIR99021 induced downregulation of EnMT markers (α-SMA and CD44), upregulation of the proliferation repressor p21 and revealed novel insights into the β-catenin and TGFβ pathways intersections in HCEnCs. The use of CHIR99021 sheds light on the mechanisms involved in EnMT, providing a substantial advantage in maintaining primary HCEnCs in culture until late passages, while preserving the correct morphology and phenotype. Altogether, these results bring crucial advancements towards the improvement of the corneal endothelial cells based therapy.
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7
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Tian Q, Liu Y, Yuan P, Liu J, Li H, Han X, Pan C, Wu Y, Zhou Z, Liu S, Li Y, Duan S, Xia K. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor mediates the improvement in glycolipid metabolism disorder via AKT and AMPK signalling pathways in L02 cells with insulin resistance. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Pei D, Tian S, Bao Y, Zhang J, Xu D, Piao M. Protective effect of salidroside on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in rats via the Akt/GSK-3β signalling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1732-1738. [PMID: 36086879 PMCID: PMC9467606 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2116055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Salidroside (SAL), one of the major glycosides isolated from the roots of Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae), has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties. OBJECTIVE Our study assessed whether SAL exerts a protective effect on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rats via the Akt/GSK-3β signalling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 8): normal control, DN + vehicle, and DN + SAL. SAL (50 mg/kg/day, oral) was administered for 8 weeks. Biochemical and histopathologic examinations were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of SAL on oxidative stress, inflammation, renal function, and apoptosis. RESULTS SAL induced rats demonstrated ameliorated levels of FBG (20.53 ± 0.72 mmol/L vs. 26.02 ± 1.44 mmol/L), urine albumin excretion (27.00 ± 1.46 mmol/L vs. 41.00 ± 1.59 mmol/L), blood urea nitrogen (14.42 ± 0.70 mmol/L vs. 17.77 ± 0.72 mmol/L), and serum creatinine (112.80 ± 6.98 mmol/L vs. 159.00 ± 3.81 mmol/L) compared to normal control rats, along with the alleviation of renal pathologic changes by improving the irregular shape of glomeruli tissues. Biochemical analysis showed that SAL-treated animals displayed suppressed levels of serum inflammatory cytokines and kidney oxidative stress markers and attenuated apoptotic characteristics. Moreover, it increased the phosphorylation levels of Akt and GSK-3β in kidneys. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The present study validated the involvement of the Akt/GSK-3β signalling pathway in renal improvement. These findings can form the basis to investigate the protective effect of SAL in DN in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Pei
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shengri Tian
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yanqiu Bao
- Center of Morphological Experiment, Medical College of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Center of Morphological Experiment, Medical College of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dongyuan Xu
- Center of Morphological Experiment, Medical College of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Minhu Piao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
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9
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Basile G, Qadir MMF, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Vetere A, Shoba V, Modell AE, Pastori RL, Russ HA, Wagner BK, Dominguez-Bendala J. Emerging diabetes therapies: Bringing back the β-cells. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101477. [PMID: 35331962 PMCID: PMC8987999 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell therapies are finally coming of age as a viable alternative to pancreatic islet transplantation for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. Several clinical trials using human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived β-like cells are currently underway, with encouraging preliminary results. Remaining challenges notwithstanding, these strategies are widely expected to reduce our reliance on human isolated islets for transplantation procedures, making cell therapies available to millions of diabetic patients. At the same time, advances in our understanding of pancreatic cell plasticity and the molecular mechanisms behind β-cell replication and regeneration have spawned a multitude of translational efforts aimed at inducing β-cell replenishment in situ through pharmacological means, thus circumventing the need for transplantation. SCOPE OF REVIEW We discuss here the current state of the art in hESC transplantation, as well as the parallel quest to discover agents capable of either preserving the residual mass of β-cells or inducing their proliferation, transdifferentiation or differentiation from progenitor cells. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Stem cell-based replacement therapies in the mold of islet transplantation are already around the corner, but a permanent cure for type 1 diabetes will likely require the endogenous regeneration of β-cells aided by interventions to restore the immune balance. The promise of current research avenues and a strong pipeline of clinical trials designed to tackle these challenges bode well for the realization of this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Basile
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M M F Qadir
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - F Mauvais-Jarvis
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A Vetere
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V Shoba
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - R L Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - H A Russ
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Colorado University Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | | | - J Dominguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Akunuri R, Vadakattu M, Kaul G, Akhir A, Saxena D, Ahmad MN, Bujji S, Joshi SV, Dasgupta A, Yaddanapudi VM, Chopra S, Nanduri S. Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of 3,4‐Dihydro‐1
H
‐benzo[
b
]azepine‐2,5‐dione Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Akunuri
- Department of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 Telangana State India
| | - Manasa Vadakattu
- Department of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 Telangana State India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow 226 031 Uttar Pradesh India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Abdul Akhir
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow 226 031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Deepanshi Saxena
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow 226 031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mohammad Naiyaz Ahmad
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow 226 031 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sushmitha Bujji
- Department of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 Telangana State India
| | - Swanand Vinayak Joshi
- Department of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 Telangana State India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow 226 031 Uttar Pradesh India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Venkata Madhavi Yaddanapudi
- Department of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 Telangana State India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension Lucknow 226 031 Uttar Pradesh India
- AcSIR: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201 002 India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 Telangana State India
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11
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Gupte M, Tousif S, Lemon JJ, Toro Cora A, Umbarkar P, Lal H. Isoform-Specific Role of GSK-3 in High Fat Diet Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030559. [PMID: 35159367 PMCID: PMC8834358 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated metabolic disorders are rising to pandemic proportions; hence, there is an urgent need to identify underlying molecular mechanisms. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) signaling is highly implicated in metabolic diseases. Furthermore, GSK-3 expression and activity are increased in Type 2 diabetes patients. However, the isoform-specific role of GSK-3 in obesity and glucose intolerance is unclear. Pharmacological GSK-3 inhibitors are not isoform-specific, and tissue-specific genetic models are of limited value to predict the clinical outcome of systemic inhibiion. To overcome these limitations, we created novel mouse models of ROSA26CreERT2-driven, tamoxifen-inducible conditional deletion of GSK-3 that allowed us to delete the gene globally in an isoform-specific and temporal manner. Isoform-specific GSK-3 KOs and littermate controls were subjected to a 16-week high-fat diet (HFD) protocol. On an HFD, GSK-3α KO mice had a significantly lower body weight and modest improvement in glucose tolerance compared to their littermate controls. In contrast, GSK-3β-deletion-mediated improved glucose tolerance was evident much earlier in the timeline and extended up to 12 weeks post-HFD. However, this protective effect weakened after chronic HFD (16 weeks) when GSK-3β KO mice had a significantly higher body weight compared to controls. Importantly, GSK-3β KO mice on a control diet maintained significant improvement in glucose tolerance even after 16 weeks. In summary, our novel mouse models allowed us to delineate the isoform-specific role of GSK-3 in obesity and glucose tolerance. From a translational perspective, our findings underscore the importance of maintaining a healthy weight in patients receiving lithium therapy, which is thought to work by GSK-3 inhibition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Gupte
- Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (H.L.)
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.T.); (A.T.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Jacob J. Lemon
- Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA;
| | - Angelica Toro Cora
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.T.); (A.T.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.T.); (A.T.C.); (P.U.)
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (S.T.); (A.T.C.); (P.U.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (H.L.)
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12
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Exogenous Lactogenic Signaling Stimulates Beta Cell Replication In Vivo and In Vitro. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020215. [PMID: 35204716 PMCID: PMC8961548 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As patients recently diagnosed with T1D and patients with T2D have residual beta cell mass, there is considerable effort in beta cell biology to understand the mechanisms that drive beta cell regeneration as a potential cellular therapy for expanding patients’ residual beta cell population. Both mouse and human studies have established that beta cell mass expansion occurs rapidly during pregnancy. To investigate the mechanisms of beta cell mass expansion during pregnancy, we developed a novel in vivo and in vitro models of pseudopregnancy. Our models demonstrate that pseudopregnancy promotes beta cell mass expansion in parous mice, and this expansion is driven by beta cell proliferation rather than hypertrophy. Importantly, estrogen, progesterone, and placental lactogen induce STAT5A signaling in the pseudopregnancy model, demonstrating that this model successfully recapitulates pregnancy-induced beta cell replication. We then created an in vitro model of pseudopregnancy and found that the combination of estrogen and placental lactogen induced beta cell replication in human islets and rat insulinoma cells. Therefore, beta cells both in vitro and in vivo increase proliferation when subjected to the pseudopregnancy cocktail compared to groups treated with estradiol or placental lactogen alone. The pseudopregnancy models described here may help inform novel methods of inducing beta cell replication in patients with diabetes.
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13
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Piazzi M, Bavelloni A, Cenni V, Faenza I, Blalock WL. Revisiting the Role of GSK3, A Modulator of Innate Immunity, in Idiopathic Inclusion Body Myositis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113255. [PMID: 34831477 PMCID: PMC8625526 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic or sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the leading age-related (onset >50 years of age) autoimmune muscular pathology, resulting in significant debilitation in affected individuals. Once viewed as primarily a degenerative disorder, it is now evident that much like several other neuro-muscular degenerative disorders, IBM has a major autoinflammatory component resulting in chronic inflammation-induced muscle destruction. Thus, IBM is now considered primarily an inflammatory pathology. To date, there is no effective treatment for sporadic inclusion body myositis, and little is understood about the pathology at the molecular level, which would offer the best hopes of at least slowing down the degenerative process. Among the previously examined potential molecular players in IBM is glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3, whose role in promoting TAU phosphorylation and inclusion bodies in Alzheimer’s disease is well known. This review looks to re-examine the role of GSK3 in IBM, not strictly as a promoter of TAU and Abeta inclusions, but as a novel player in the innate immune system, discussing some of the recent roles discovered for this well-studied kinase in inflammatory-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Piazzi
- “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Bavelloni
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Sperimentale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Vittoria Cenni
- “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Faenza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche and Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - William L. Blalock
- “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IGM-CNR), 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
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14
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Wang L, Li J, Di LJ. Glycogen synthesis and beyond, a comprehensive review of GSK3 as a key regulator of metabolic pathways and a therapeutic target for treating metabolic diseases. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:946-982. [PMID: 34729791 PMCID: PMC9298385 DOI: 10.1002/med.21867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK3) is a highly evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase first identified as an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthase (GS) in response to insulin stimulation, which involves GSK3 regulation of glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. Both isoforms of GSK3, GSK3α, and GSK3β, have been implicated in many biological and pathophysiological processes. The various functions of GSK3 are indicated by its widespread distribution in multiple cell types and tissues. The studies of GSK3 activity using animal models and the observed effects of GSK3‐specific inhibitors provide more insights into the roles of GSK3 in regulating energy metabolism and homeostasis. The cross‐talk between GSK3 and some important energy regulators and sensors and the regulation of GSK3 in mitochondrial activity and component function further highlight the molecular mechanisms in which GSK3 is involved to regulate the metabolic activity, beyond its classical regulatory effect on GS. In this review, we summarize the specific roles of GSK3 in energy metabolism regulation in tissues that are tightly associated with energy metabolism and the functions of GSK3 in the development of metabolic disorders. We also address the impacts of GSK3 on the regulation of mitochondrial function, activity and associated metabolic regulation. The application of GSK3 inhibitors in clinical tests will be highlighted too. Interactions between GSK3 and important energy regulators and GSK3‐mediated responses to different stresses that are related to metabolism are described to provide a brief overview of previously less‐appreciated biological functions of GSK3 in energy metabolism and associated diseases through its regulation of GS and other functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Drug Development Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Macau, China.,Cancer Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Macau, China.,Cancer Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Li-Jun Di
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Macau, China.,Cancer Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China
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15
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Kerry RG, Mahapatra GP, Maurya GK, Patra S, Mahari S, Das G, Patra JK, Sahoo S. Molecular prospect of type-2 diabetes: Nanotechnology based diagnostics and therapeutic intervention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:421-451. [PMID: 33052523 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
About ninety percent of all diabetic conditions account for T2D caused due to abnormal insulin secretion/ action or increased hepatic glucose production. Factors that contribute towards the aetiology of T2D could be well explained through biochemical, molecular, and cellular aspects. In this review, we attempt to explain the recent evolving molecular and cellular advancement associated with T2D pathophysiology. Current progress fabricated in T2D research concerning intracellular signaling cascade, inflammasome, autophagy, genetic and epigenetics changes is discretely explained in simple terms. Present available anti-diabetic therapeutic strategies commercialized and their limitations which are needed to be acknowledged are addressed in the current review. In particular, the pre-eminence of nanotechnology-based approaches to nullify the inadequacy of conventional anti-diabetic therapeutics and heterogeneous nanoparticulated systems exploited in diabetic researches are also discretely mentioned and are also listed in a tabular format in the review. Additionally, as a future prospect of nanotechnology, the review presents several strategic hypotheses to ameliorate the austerity of T2D by an engineered smart targeted nano-delivery system. In detail, an effort has been made to hypothesize novel nanotechnological based therapeutic strategies, which exploits previously described inflammasome, autophagic target points. Utilizing graphical description it is explained how a smart targeted nano-delivery system could promote β-cell growth and development by inducing the Wnt signaling pathway (inhibiting Gsk3β), inhibiting inflammasome (inhibiting NLRP3), and activating autophagic target points (protecting Atg3/Atg7 complex from oxidative stress) thereby might ameliorate the severity of T2D. Additionally, several targeting molecules associated with autophagic and epigenetic factors are also highlighted, which can be exploited in future diabetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rout George Kerry
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India
| | | | - Ganesh Kumar Maurya
- Zoology Section, Mahila MahaVidyalya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, North Odissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Subhasis Mahari
- DBT- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sabuj Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India.
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16
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Akunuri R, Vadakattu M, Bujji S, Veerareddy V, Madhavi YV, Nanduri S. Fused-azepinones: Emerging scaffolds of medicinal importance. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113445. [PMID: 33901899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hymenialdisine an alkaloid of oroidin class has drawn the attention of researchers owing to its unique structural features and interesting biological properties. Hymenialdisine exhibited promising inhibitory activity against a number of therapeutically important kinases viz., CDKs, GSK-3β etc., and showed anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, neuroprotective, anti-fouling, anti-plasmodium properties. Hymenialdisine and other structurally related oroidin alkaloids such as dibromo-hymenialdisine, stevensine, hymenin, axinohydantoin, spongicidines A-D, latonduines and callyspongisines contain pyrrolo[2,3-c] azepin-8-one core in common. Keeping in view of the interesting structural and therapeutic features of HMD, several structural modifications were carried around the fused-azepinone core which resulted in a number of diverse structural motifs like indolo-azepinones, paullones, aza-paullones, darpones and 5,7-dihydro-6H-benzo[b]pyrimido[4,5-d] azepin-6-one. In this review, an attempt is made to collate and review the structures of diverse hymenialdisine and related fused-azepinones of synthetic/natural origin and their biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Akunuri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Manasa Vadakattu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Sushmitha Bujji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Vaishnavi Veerareddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Y V Madhavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
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17
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Kumar K, Suebsuwong C, Wang P, Garcia-Ocana A, Stewart AF, DeVita RJ. DYRK1A Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for β-Cell Regeneration for Diabetes. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2901-2922. [PMID: 33682417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 422 million people are suffering from diabetes worldwide. Current diabetes therapies are focused on optimizing blood glucose control to prevent long-term diabetes complications. Unfortunately, current therapies have failed to achieve glycemic targets in the majority of people with diabetes. In this context, regeneration of functional insulin-producing human β-cells in people with diabetes through the use of DYRK1A inhibitor drugs has recently received special attention. Several small molecule DYRK1A inhibitors have been identified that induce human β-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, DYRK1A inhibitors have also been shown to synergize β-cell proliferation with other classes of drugs, such as TGFβ inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. In this perspective, we review the status of DYRK1A as a therapeutic target for β-cell proliferation and provide perspectives on technical and scientific challenges for future translational development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kumar
- Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Chalada Suebsuwong
- Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocana
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Robert J DeVita
- Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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18
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Tian YM, He HL, Cheng YT, Yi L, Yang Y, Yang P. A Combined Phytochemical and Network Pharmacology Approach to Reveal the Effective Substances and Mechanism of Eomecon chionantha Hance for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x21992966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eomecon chionantha Hance (ECH), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been reported for the treatment of traumatic injuries and colitis. The current treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) are unstable and have side effects, so ECH is potentially useful for treating this condition. However, the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of ECH in treating UC remain unclear. In this study, 21 alkaloids were extracted and purified from the roots of ECH, among which 13 were extracted from this herb for the first time. Our results showed that 12 ingredients may have effective pharmacological effects after absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) screening. Network pharmacological analysis revealed that the active ingredients may have positive effects on 19 significant signaling pathways, such as on small cell lung cancer, serotonergic synapses, the IL-17 signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, the estrogen signaling pathway, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and others by targeting 23 proteins, including MAPK14, RXRA, GSK3B, CDK2, RXRB, HSP90AA1, PTGS2, and ESR1. It is of great benefit to use separation, purification, and network pharmacology together to screen active natural products. This study indicated potential anti-UC mechanisms of the active ingredients of ECH and provides theoretical support for the treatment of UC using ECH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-mei Tian
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Hai-lang He
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Ya-ting Cheng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Li Yi
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
- Dong Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
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19
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Kadagathur M, Patra S, Sigalapalli DK, Shankaraiah N, Tangellamudi ND. Syntheses and medicinal chemistry of azepinoindolones: a look back to leap forward. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:738-764. [PMID: 33459333 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02181d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds constitute nearly 75% of small molecules which favorably act as drug candidates. For the past few decades, numerous natural and synthetic indole-based scaffolds have been reported for their diverse pharmacological profiles. In particular, indole-fused azepines, termed azepinoindolones, have come under the radar of medicinal chemists owing to their synthetic and pharmacological importance. A plethora of literature reports has been generated thereof, which calls for the need for the compilation of information to understand their current status in drug discovery. Accumulating reports of evidence suggest that compounds containing this privileged scaffold display their cytotoxic effects via inhibition of kinase, topoisomerase I, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH), and tubulin polymerization and as DNA minor groove binding agents. Herein, we endeavor to present a closer look at the advancements of various synthetic and derivatization methods of azepinoindolone-based compounds. We have further extended our efforts to discuss the pharmacological effects of azepinoindolones in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anti-Alzheimer, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, and antipyranosomal agents and as drug delivery vectors. Our analysis of recent advances reveals that azepinoindolones will continue to serve as potential pharmaceutical modalities in the years to come and their substantial pool of synthetic methods will be ever expanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Kadagathur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Sandip Patra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Dilep Kumar Sigalapalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Neelima D Tangellamudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
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20
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Owens LV, Benedetto A, Dawson N, Gaffney CJ, Parkin ET. Gene therapy-mediated enhancement of protective protein expression for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2021; 1753:147264. [PMID: 33422539 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading form of dementia but lacks curative treatments. Current understanding of AD aetiology attributes the development of the disease to the misfolding of two proteins; amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, with their pathological accumulation leading to concomitant oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. These processes are regulated at multiple levels to maintain homeostasis and avert disease. However, many of the relevant regulatory proteins appear to be downregulated in the AD-afflicted brain. Enhancement/restoration of these 'protective' proteins, therefore, represents an attractive therapeutic avenue. Gene therapy is a desirable means of achieving this because it is not associated with the side-effects linked to systemic protein administration, and sustained protein expression virtually eliminates compliance issues. The current article represents a focused and succinct review of the better established 'protective' protein targets for gene therapy enhancement/restoration rather than being designed as an exhaustive review incorporating less validated protein subjects. In addition, we will discuss how the risks associated with uncontrolled or irreversible gene expression might be mitigated through combining neuronal-specific promoters, inducible expression systems and localised injections. Whilst many of the gene therapy targets reviewed herein are yet to enter clinical trials, preclinical testing has thus far demonstrated encouraging potential for the gene therapy-based treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Owens
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Alexandre Benedetto
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Neil Dawson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Christopher J Gaffney
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Edward T Parkin
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK.
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21
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Ho KH, Yang X, Osipovich AB, Cabrera O, Hayashi ML, Magnuson MA, Gu G, Kaverina I. Glucose Regulates Microtubule Disassembly and the Dose of Insulin Secretion via Tau Phosphorylation. Diabetes 2020; 69:1936-1947. [PMID: 32540877 PMCID: PMC7458041 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton of pancreatic islet β-cells regulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We have reported that the microtubule-mediated movement of insulin vesicles away from the plasma membrane limits insulin secretion. High glucose-induced remodeling of microtubule network facilitates robust GSIS. This remodeling involves disassembly of old microtubules and nucleation of new microtubules. Here, we examine the mechanisms whereby glucose stimulation decreases microtubule lifetimes in β-cells. Using real-time imaging of photoconverted microtubules, we demonstrate that high levels of glucose induce rapid microtubule disassembly preferentially in the periphery of individual β-cells, and this process is mediated by the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau. Specifically, high glucose induces tau hyper-phosphorylation via glucose-responsive kinases GSK3, PKA, PKC, and CDK5. This causes dissociation of tau from and subsequent destabilization of microtubules. Consequently, tau knockdown in mouse islet β-cells facilitates microtubule turnover, causing increased basal insulin secretion, depleting insulin vesicles from the cytoplasm, and impairing GSIS. More importantly, tau knockdown uncouples microtubule destabilization from glucose stimulation. These findings suggest that tau suppresses peripheral microtubules turning over to restrict insulin oversecretion in basal conditions and preserve the insulin pool that can be released following stimulation; high glucose promotes tau phosphorylation to enhance microtubule disassembly to acutely enhance GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Hsien Ho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Program of Developmental Biology and Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiaodun Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Program of Developmental Biology and Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Anna B Osipovich
- Program of Developmental Biology and Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Mark A Magnuson
- Program of Developmental Biology and Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Program of Developmental Biology and Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Irina Kaverina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Program of Developmental Biology and Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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22
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Ackeifi C, Swartz E, Kumar K, Liu H, Chalada S, Karakose E, Scott DK, Garcia-Ocaña A, Sanchez R, DeVita RJ, Stewart AF, Wang P. Pharmacologic and genetic approaches define human pancreatic β cell mitogenic targets of DYRK1A inhibitors. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132594. [PMID: 31821176 PMCID: PMC7030849 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of dual specificity, tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), including harmine and others, are able to drive human β cell regeneration. While DYRK1A is certainly a target of this class, whether it is the only or the most important target is uncertain. Here, we employ a combined pharmacologic and genetic approach to refine the potential mitogenic targets of the DYRK1A inhibitor family in human islets. A combination of human β cell RNA sequencing, DYRK1A inhibitor kinome screens, pharmacologic inhibitors, and targeted silencing of candidate genes confirms that DYRK1A is a central target. Surprisingly, however, DYRK1B also proves to be an important target: silencing DYRK1A results in an increase in DYRK1B. Simultaneous silencing of both DYRK1A and DYRK1B yields greater β cell proliferation than silencing either individually. Importantly, other potential kinases, such as the CLK and the GSK3 families, are excluded as important harmine targets. Finally, we describe adenoviruses that are able to silence up to 7 targets simultaneously. Collectively, we report that inhibition of both DYRK1A and DYRK1B is required for induction of maximal rates of human β cell proliferation, and we provide clarity for future efforts in structure-based drug design for human β cell regenerative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kunal Kumar
- Drug Discovery Institute, and
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Suebsuwong Chalada
- Drug Discovery Institute, and
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Sanchez
- Drug Discovery Institute, and
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert J. DeVita
- Drug Discovery Institute, and
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Peng Wang
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
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23
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An expanding GSK3 network: implications for aging research. GeroScience 2019; 41:369-382. [PMID: 31313216 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The last few decades of longevity research have been very exciting. We now know that longevity and healthspan can be manipulated across species, from unicellular eukaryotes to nonhuman primates, and that while aging itself is inevitable, how we age is malleable. Numerous dietary, genetic, and pharmacological studies now point to links between metabolism and growth regulation as a central aspect in determining longevity and, perhaps more importantly, health with advancing age. Here, we focus on a relatively new player in aging studies GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase, a key factor in growth and metabolism whose name fails to convey the extensive breadth of its role in cellular adaptation. First, we provide a brief overview of GSK3, touching on those aspects that are likely relevant to aging. Then, we outline the role of GSK3 in cellular functions including growth signaling, cell fate, and metabolism. Next, we describe evidence demonstrating a direct role for GSK3 in a range of age-related diseases, despite the fact that they differ considerably in their etiology and pathology. Finally, we discuss the role that GSK3 may play in normative aging and how GSK3 might be a suitable target to oppose age-related disease vulnerability.
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24
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Rao F, Yuan Z, Zhang D, Yu F, Li M, Li D, Jiang B, Wen Y, Zhang P. Small-Molecule SB216763-Loaded Microspheres Repair Peripheral Nerve Injury in Small Gap Tubulization. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:489. [PMID: 31156373 PMCID: PMC6530511 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury has yet to be fully resolved because of its complicated pathological process. SB216763 is a small molecular compound that can enhance the remyelination of peripheral nerves by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). GSK-3β inhibitor stimulates myelin gene expression and restores the myelin structure. Herein, we presented the effect of integrating small gap tubulization with SB216763-loaded microspheres by using a chitosan conduit. In vitro, SB216763 could promote neurite growth of dorsal root ganglia. In vivo studies showed that SB216763 increased the number of myelinated axons and the thickness of myelin sheaths. Electrophysiological examination and sciatic functional index results also indirectly indicated the role of SB216763 in repairing peripheral nerve injury. SB216763 promoted the recovery of muscle function. Therefore, combining SB216763-loaded PLGA microspheres with conduit small gap tubulization shows potential for applications in repairing peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Rao
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Dianying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Peixun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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25
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McFarlane S, Orr A, Roberts APE, Conn KL, Iliev V, Loney C, da Silva Filipe A, Smollett K, Gu Q, Robertson N, Adams PD, Rai TS, Boutell C. The histone chaperone HIRA promotes the induction of host innate immune defences in response to HSV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007667. [PMID: 30901352 PMCID: PMC6472835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Host innate immune defences play a critical role in restricting the intracellular propagation and pathogenesis of invading viral pathogens. Here we show that the histone H3.3 chaperone HIRA (histone cell cycle regulator) associates with promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) to stimulate the induction of innate immune defences against herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection. Following the activation of innate immune signalling, HIRA localized at PML-NBs in a Janus-Associated Kinase (JAK), Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK), and Sp100-dependent manner. RNA-seq analysis revealed that HIRA promoted the transcriptional upregulation of a broad repertoire of host genes that regulate innate immunity to HSV-1 infection, including those involved in MHC-I antigen presentation, cytokine signalling, and interferon stimulated gene (ISG) expression. ChIP-seq analysis revealed that PML, the principle scaffolding protein of PML-NBs, was required for the enrichment of HIRA onto ISGs, identifying a role for PML in the HIRA-dependent regulation of innate immunity to virus infection. Our data identifies independent roles for HIRA in the intrinsic silencing of viral gene expression and the induction of innate immune defences to restrict the initiation and propagation of HSV-1 infection, respectively. These intracellular host defences are antagonized by the HSV-1 ubiquitin ligase ICP0, which disrupts the stable recruitment of HIRA to infecting viral genomes and PML-NBs at spatiotemporally distinct phases of infection. Our study highlights the importance of histone chaperones to regulate multiple phases of intracellular immunity to virus infection, findings that are likely to be highly pertinent in the cellular restriction of many clinically important viral pathogens. Host innate immune defences play critical roles in the cellular restriction of invading viral pathogens and the stimulation of adaptive immune responses. A key component in the regulation of this arm of host immunity is the rapid induction of cytokine signalling and the expression of interferon stimulated gene products (ISGs), which confer a refractory antiviral state to limit virus propagation and pathogenesis. While the signal transduction cascades that activate innate immune defences are well established, little is known about the cellular host factors that expedite the expression of this broad repertoire of antiviral host genes in response to pathogen invasion. Here we show that HIRA, a histone H3.3 chaperone, associates with PML-NBs to stimulate the induction of innate immune defences in response to HSV-1 infection. Our study highlights the importance of histone chaperones in the coordinated regulation of multiple phases of host immunity in response to pathogen invasion and identifies a key role for HIRA in the induction of innate immunity to virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven McFarlane
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Garscube Campus, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Orr
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Garscube Campus, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley P. E. Roberts
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Garscube Campus, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kristen L. Conn
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, CA
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CA
| | - Victor Iliev
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Garscube Campus, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Loney
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Garscube Campus, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ana da Silva Filipe
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Garscube Campus, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Smollett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Garscube Campus, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Quan Gu
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Garscube Campus, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Robertson
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D. Adams
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Taranjit Singh Rai
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Boutell
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Garscube Campus, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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26
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Delgadillo-Silva LF, Tsakmaki A, Akhtar N, Franklin ZJ, Konantz J, Bewick GA, Ninov N. Modelling pancreatic β-cell inflammation in zebrafish identifies the natural product wedelolactone for human islet protection. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/1/dmm036004. [PMID: 30679186 PMCID: PMC6361155 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet inflammation and cytokine production are implicated in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and diabetes pathogenesis. However, we lack therapeutics to protect the insulin-producing β-cells from inflammatory damage. Closing this clinical gap requires the establishment of new disease models of islet inflammation to facilitate screening efforts aimed at identifying new protective agents. Here, we have developed a genetic model of Interleukin-1β (Il-1β)-driven islet inflammation in zebrafish, a vertebrate that allows for non-invasive imaging of β-cells and in vivo drug discovery. Live imaging of immune cells and β-cells in our model revealed dynamic migration, increased visitation and prolonged macrophage retention in the islet, together with robust activation of NF-κB signalling in β-cells. We find that Il-1β-mediated inflammation does not cause β-cell destruction but, rather, it impairs β-cell function and identity. In vivo, β-cells exhibit impaired glucose-stimulated calcium influx and reduced expression of genes involved in function and maturity. These defects are accompanied by α-cell expansion, glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia following a glucose challenge. Notably, we show that a medicinal plant derivative (wedelolactone) is capable of reducing the immune-cell infiltration while also ameliorating the hyperglycemic phenotype of our model. Importantly, these anti-diabetic properties in zebrafish are predictive of wedelolactone's efficacy in protecting rodent and human islets from cytokine-induced apoptosis. In summary, this new zebrafish model of diabetes opens a window to study the interactions between immune and β-cells in vivo, while also allowing the identification of therapeutic agents for protecting β-cells from inflammation. Summary: A model of islet inflammation in zebrafish exhibits functional β-cell silencing and a lack of glucose responsiveness. A natural compound that rescues the glucose defect in zebrafish can protect human islets from inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Delgadillo-Silva
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Reseach (DZD e.V.), Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Anastasia Tsakmaki
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 91UL, UK
| | - Nadeem Akhtar
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Zara J Franklin
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 91UL, UK
| | - Judith Konantz
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Gavin A Bewick
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 91UL, UK
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Reseach (DZD e.V.), Dresden 01307, Germany.,Centre for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
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27
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Aristizabal Prada ET, Spöttl G, Maurer J, Lauseker M, Koziolek EJ, Schrader J, Grossman A, Pacak K, Beuschlein F, Auernhammer CJ, Nölting S. The role of GSK3 and its reversal with GSK3 antagonism in everolimus resistance. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:893-908. [PMID: 29895527 PMCID: PMC7439002 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNETs) are often inoperable at diagnosis. The mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus has been approved for the treatment of advanced NETs. However, the regular development of resistance to everolimus limits its clinical efficacy. We established two independent everolimus-resistant panNET (BON1) cell lines (BON1 RR1, BON1 RR2) to find potential mechanisms of resistance. After 24 weeks of permanent exposure to 10 nM everolimus, BON1 RR1 and BON1 RR2 showed stable resistance with cellular survival rates of 96.70% (IC50 = 5200 nM) and 92.30% (IC50 = 2500 nM), respectively. The control cell line showed sensitivity to 10 nM everolimus with cellular survival declining to 54.70% (IC50 = 34 nM). Both resistant cell lines did not regain sensitivity over time and showed persistent stable resistance after a drug holiday of 13 weeks. The mechanisms of resistance in our cell line model included morphological adaptations, G1 cell cycle arrest associated with reduced CDK1(cdc2) expression and decreased autophagy. Cellular migration potential was increased and indirectly linked to c-Met activation. GSK3 was over-activated in association with reduced baseline IRS-1 protein levels. Specific GSK3 inhibition strongly decreased BON1 RR1/RR2 cell survival. The combination of everolimus with the PI3Kα inhibitor BYL719 re-established everolimus sensitivity through GSK3 inhibition and restoration of autophagy. We suggest that GSK3 over-activation combined with decreased baseline IRS-1 protein levels and decreased autophagy may be a crucial feature of everolimus resistance, and hence, a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Tatjana Aristizabal Prada
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVInterdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Spöttl
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVInterdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Maurer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVInterdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lauseker
- Institute for Medical Information SciencesBiometry, and Epidemiology, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Jolanthe Koziolek
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Medical Center Charité, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schrader
- I. Medizinische Klinik und PoliklinikUniversitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ashley Grossman
- Oxford Centre for DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Royal Free Hospital ENETS Centre of ExcellenceLondon, UK
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVInterdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Klinik für EndokrinologieDiabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Joseph Auernhammer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVInterdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Nölting
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVInterdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumors of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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28
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Singh A, Gibert Y, Dwyer KM. The adenosine, adrenergic and opioid pathways in the regulation of insulin secretion, beta cell proliferation and regeneration. Pancreatology 2018; 18:615-623. [PMID: 29937364 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, a key hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells precisely regulates glucose metabolism in vertebrates. In type 1 diabetes, the beta cell mass is destroyed, a process triggered by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. This ultimately results in absolute insulin deficiency and dysregulated glucose metabolism resulting in a number of detrimental pathophysiological effects. The traditional focus of treating type 1 diabetes has been to control blood sugar levels through the administration of exogenous insulin. Newer approaches aim to replace the beta cell mass through pancreatic or islet transplantation. Type 2 diabetes results from a relative insulin deficiency for the prevailing insulin resistance. Treatments are generally aimed at reducing insulin resistance and/or augmenting insulin secretion and the use of insulin itself is often required. It is increasingly being recognized that the beta cell mass is dynamic and increases insulin secretion in response to beta cell mitogens and stress signals to maintain glycemia within a very narrow physiological range. This review critically discusses the role of adrenergic, adenosine and opioid pathways and their interrelationship in insulin secretion, beta cell proliferation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitoj Singh
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Yann Gibert
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Karen M Dwyer
- Deakin University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
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29
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Tsonkova VG, Sand FW, Wolf XA, Grunnet LG, Kirstine Ringgaard A, Ingvorsen C, Winkel L, Kalisz M, Dalgaard K, Bruun C, Fels JJ, Helgstrand C, Hastrup S, Öberg FK, Vernet E, Sandrini MPB, Shaw AC, Jessen C, Grønborg M, Hald J, Willenbrock H, Madsen D, Wernersson R, Hansson L, Jensen JN, Plesner A, Alanentalo T, Petersen MBK, Grapin-Botton A, Honoré C, Ahnfelt-Rønne J, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Ravassard P, Madsen OD, Rescan C, Frogne T. The EndoC-βH1 cell line is a valid model of human beta cells and applicable for screenings to identify novel drug target candidates. Mol Metab 2018; 8:144-157. [PMID: 29307512 PMCID: PMC5985049 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the EndoC-βH1 cell line as a model for human beta cells and evaluate its beta cell functionality, focusing on insulin secretion, proliferation, apoptosis and ER stress, with the objective to assess its potential as a screening platform for identification of novel anti-diabetic drug candidates. METHODS EndoC-βH1 was transplanted into mice for validation of in vivo functionality. Insulin secretion was evaluated in cells cultured as monolayer and as pseudoislets, as well as in diabetic mice. Cytokine induced apoptosis, glucolipotoxicity, and ER stress responses were assessed. Beta cell relevant mRNA and protein expression were investigated by qPCR and antibody staining. Hundreds of proteins or peptides were tested for their effect on insulin secretion and proliferation. RESULTS Transplantation of EndoC-βH1 cells restored normoglycemia in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Both in vitro and in vivo, we observed a clear insulin response to glucose, and, in vitro, we found a significant increase in insulin secretion from EndoC-βH1 pseudoislets compared to monolayer cultures for both glucose and incretins. Apoptosis and ER stress were inducible in the cells and caspase 3/7 activity was elevated in response to cytokines, but not affected by the saturated fatty acid palmitate. By screening of various proteins and peptides, we found Bombesin (BB) receptor agonists and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptides (PACAP) to significantly induce insulin secretion and the proteins SerpinA6, STC1, and APOH to significantly stimulate proliferation. ER stress was readily induced by Tunicamycin and resulted in a reduction of insulin mRNA. Somatostatin (SST) was found to be expressed by 1% of the cells and manipulation of the SST receptors was found to significantly affect insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the EndoC-βH1 cells strongly resemble human islet beta cells in terms of glucose and incretin stimulated insulin secretion capabilities. The cell line has an active cytokine induced caspase 3/7 apoptotic pathway and is responsive to ER stress initiation factors. The cells' ability to proliferate can be further increased by already known compounds as well as by novel peptides and proteins. Based on its robust performance during the functionality assessment assays, the EndoC-βH1 cell line was successfully used as a screening platform for identification of novel anti-diabetic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Georgieva Tsonkova
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Wolfhagen Sand
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, GLP-1 & T2D Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Xenia Asbæk Wolf
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, GLP-1 & T2D Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Lars Groth Grunnet
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Anna Kirstine Ringgaard
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Ingvorsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Histology & Imaging, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Louise Winkel
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Mark Kalisz
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Kevin Dalgaard
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, GLP-1 & T2D Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Christine Bruun
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Johannes Josef Fels
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Discovery Biology & Technology, Research Bioanalysis, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Helgstrand
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Expression Technologies 1, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Sven Hastrup
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Expression Technologies 1, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Kryh Öberg
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Expression Technologies 1, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Erik Vernet
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle Inc., Protein Engineering, NNRC Seattle, Inc., 530 Fairview Avenue North, 98109, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Allan Christian Shaw
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Characterisation & Modelling Technology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Carsten Jessen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Protein Engineering, Protein & Peptide Chemistry 2, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Mads Grønborg
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Discovery Biology & Technology, Discovery ADME, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hald
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Hanni Willenbrock
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Discovery Biology & Technology, Bioinformatics, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Dennis Madsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Discovery Biology & Technology, Bioinformatics, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Lena Hansson
- Intomics A/S, Lottenborgvej 26, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Research Centre Oxford, Bioinformatics, Novo Nordisk Ltd., 3 City Place Beehive Ring Road, Gatwick, RH6 0PA, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Nygaard Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Research Centre Oxford, Bioinformatics, Novo Nordisk Ltd., 3 City Place Beehive Ring Road, Gatwick, RH6 0PA, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Plesner
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Tomas Alanentalo
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Histology & Imaging, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Maja Borup Kjær Petersen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, DanStem, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- University of Copenhagen, DanStem, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Honoré
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ahnfelt-Rønne
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Histology & Imaging, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Jacob Hecksher-Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Histology & Imaging, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Philippe Ravassard
- Institut du cerveau et de la moelle (ICM) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, CNRS, UPMC Univ, Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Ole D Madsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Claude Rescan
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Thomas Frogne
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Diabetes Research, Department of Islet & Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760, Maaloev, Denmark.
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Aristizabal Prada ET, Auernhammer CJ. Targeted therapy of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours: preclinical strategies and future targets. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R1-R25. [PMID: 29146887 PMCID: PMC5754510 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy of advanced neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system currently encompasses approved therapy with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus and the multi-tyrosinkinase inhibitor sunitinib. However, clinical efficacy of these treatment strategies is limited by low objective response rates and limited progression-free survival due to tumour resistance. Further novel strategies for molecular targeted therapy of NETs of the GEP system are needed. This paper reviews preclinical research models and signalling pathways in NETs of the GEP system. Preclinical and early clinical data on putative novel targets for molecular targeted therapy of NETs of the GEP system are discussed, including PI3K, Akt, mTORC1/mTORC2, GSK3, c-Met, Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK, embryogenic pathways (Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt/beta-catenin, TGF-beta signalling and SMAD proteins), tumour suppressors and cell cycle regulators (p53, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) CDK4/6, CDK inhibitor p27, retinoblastoma protein (Rb)), heat shock protein HSP90, Aurora kinase, Src kinase family, focal adhesion kinase and epigenetic modulation by histone deacetylase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Aristizabal Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine IVCampus Grosshadern, University-Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C J Auernhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine IVCampus Grosshadern, University-Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Berry C, Lal M, Binukumar BK. Crosstalk Between the Unfolded Protein Response, MicroRNAs, and Insulin Signaling Pathways: In Search of Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:210. [PMID: 29770126 PMCID: PMC5940743 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by functional defects in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. Its complex etiology and multifaceted nature have made it difficult to design effective therapies for early diagnosis and treatment. Several lines of evidence indicate that aberrant activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress impairs the β cell's ability to respond to glucose and promotes apoptosis. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that govern β cell dysfunction and cell death can help investigators design therapies to halt or prevent the development of T2DM. Early diagnosis of T2DM, however, warrants additionally the identification of potential biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of transcriptional processes that modulate various features of insulin signaling, such as insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion. A deeper understanding of how changes in patterns of expression of miRNAs correlate with altered glucose metabolism can enable investigators to develop methods for the early diagnosis and treatment of T2DM. The first part of this review examines how altered expression of specific UPR pathway proteins disrupts ER function and causes β cell dysfunction, while the second part discusses the potential role of miRNAs in the diagnostic and treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinar Berry
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Megha Lal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi, India
| | - B. K. Binukumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: B. K. Binukumar, ,
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Kuljanin M, Bell GI, Sherman SE, Lajoie GA, Hess DA. Proteomic characterisation reveals active Wnt-signalling by human multipotent stromal cells as a key regulator of beta cell survival and proliferation. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1987-1998. [PMID: 28710530 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Novel strategies to stimulate the expansion of beta cell mass in situ are warranted for diabetes therapy. The aim of this study was to elucidate the secretome of human bone marrow (BM)-derived multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) with documented islet regenerative paracrine function. We hypothesised that regenerative MSCs will secrete a unique combination of protein factors that augment islet regeneration. METHODS Human BM-derived MSCs were examined for glucose-lowering capacity after transplantation into streptozotocin-treated NOD/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice and segregated into samples with regenerative (MSCR) vs nonregenerative (MSCNR) capacity. Secreted proteins associated with islet regenerative function were identified using stable isotope labelling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics. To functionally validate the importance of active Wnt signalling, we stimulated the Wnt-signalling pathway in MSCNR samples during ex vivo expansion using glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibition (CHIR99201), and the conditioned culture media (CM) generated was tested for the capacity to support cultured human islet cell survival and proliferation in vitro. RESULTS MSCR showed increased secretion of proteins associated with cell growth, matrix remodelling, immunosuppressive and proangiogenic properties. In contrast, MSCNR uniquely secreted proteins known to promote inflammation and negatively regulate angiogenesis. Most notably, MSCR maintained Wnt signalling via Wnt5A/B (~2.5-fold increase) autocrine activity during ex vivo culture, while MSCNR repressed Wnt signalling via Dickkopf-related protein (DKK)1 (~2.5-fold increase) and DKK3 secretion. Inhibition of GSK3 activity in MSCNR samples increased the accumulation of nuclear β-catenin and generated CM that augmented beta cell survival (13% increases) and proliferation when exposed to cultured human islets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Maintenance of active Wnt signalling within human MSCs promotes the secretion of matricellular and proangiogenic proteins that formulate a niche for islet regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljan Kuljanin
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N5A 6C1, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen E Sherman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Drive, London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Gilles A Lajoie
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N5A 6C1, Canada.
| | - David A Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, 100 Perth Drive, London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada.
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Li Y, Yang P, Chang Q, Wang J, Liu J, Lv Y, Wang TTY, Gao B, Zhang Y, Yu LL. Inhibitory Effect of Piceatannol on TNF-α-Mediated Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4634-4641. [PMID: 28535046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Piceatannol, a bioactive component in grape and blueberry, was examined for its potential in decreasing the inflammatory activities in adipocytes using a cocultured adipocyte and macrophage system, and suppressing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated inflammation and the related insulin resistance using a 3T3-L1 adipocyte model. Piceatannol at 10 μM significantly reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by 19 and 31% in the cocultured system, respectively. Pretreatment with piceatannol also inhibited TNF-α-induced expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and MCP-1 at both mRNA and protein levels in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Piceatannol also partially improved the malfunction of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, which was reduced by TNF-α in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, the inhibitions were mediated by significant blocking of IκBα phosphorylation and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation through suppressing nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 along with c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. In addition, the Akt-dependent forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) signaling pathway was involved in the restoration of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake through suppressing the down-regulation of phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1 expressions. These results suggested the potential of piceatannol in improving chronic inflammatory condition and insulin sensitivity in obese adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University , Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Puyu Yang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qimeng Chang
- Department of Surgery, Fudan University Minhang Hospital , Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Department of Agriculture , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Boyan Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Patil PD, Mahajan UB, Patil KR, Chaudhari S, Patil CR, Agrawal YO, Ojha S, Goyal SN. Past and current perspective on new therapeutic targets for Type-II diabetes. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:1567-1583. [PMID: 28579755 PMCID: PMC5446975 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s133453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Loss of pancreatic β-cell function is a hallmark of Type-II diabetes mellitus (DM). It is a chronic metabolic disorder that results from defects in both insulin secretion and insulin action. Recently, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study reported that Type-II DM is a progressive disorder. Although, DM can be treated initially by monotherapy with oral agent; eventually, it may require multiple drugs. Additionally, insulin therapy is needed in many patients to achieve glycemic control. Pharmacological approaches are unsatisfactory in improving the consequences of insulin resistance. Single therapeutic approach in the treatment of Type-II DM is unsuccessful and usually a combination therapy is adopted. Increased understanding of biochemical, cellular and pathological alterations in Type-II DM has provided new insight in the management of Type-II DM. Knowledge of underlying mechanisms of Type-II DM development is essential for the exploration of novel therapeutic targets. Present review provides an insight into therapeutic targets of Type-II DM and their role in the development of insulin resistance. An overview of important signaling pathways and mechanisms in Type-II DM is provided for the better understanding of disease pathology. This review includes case studies of drugs that are withdrawn from the market. The experience gathered from previous studies and knowledge of Type-II DM pathways can guide the anti-diabetic drug development toward the discovery of clinically viable drugs that are useful in Type-II DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip D Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Umesh B Mahajan
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Kalpesh R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Sandip Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
| | - Yogeeta O Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Das
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Prince Charles Hospital; Cwm Taf University Health Board; Merthyr Tydfil UK
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36
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Andersson LE, Nicholas LM, Filipsson K, Sun J, Medina A, Al-Majdoub M, Fex M, Mulder H, Spégel P. Glycogen metabolism in the glucose-sensing and supply-driven β-cell. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:4242-4251. [PMID: 27943300 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen metabolism in β-cells may affect downstream metabolic pathways controlling insulin release. We examined glycogen metabolism in human islets and in the rodent-derived INS-1 832/13 β-cells and found them to express the same isoforms of key enzymes required for glycogen metabolism. Our findings indicate that glycogenesis is insulin-independent but influenced by extracellular glucose concentrations. Levels of glycogen synthase decrease with increasing glucose concentrations, paralleling accumulation of glycogen. We did not find cAMP-elicited glycogenolysis and insulin secretion to be causally related. In conclusion, our results reveal regulated glycogen metabolism in human islets and insulin-secreting cells. Whether glycogen metabolism affects insulin secretion under physiological conditions remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta E Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lisa M Nicholas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin Filipsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jiangming Sun
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anya Medina
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Al-Majdoub
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Spégel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, CRC, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Sweden
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Benthuysen JR, Carrano AC, Sander M. Advances in β cell replacement and regeneration strategies for treating diabetes. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3651-3660. [PMID: 27694741 DOI: 10.1172/jci87439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, new approaches have been explored that are aimed at restoring functional β cell mass as a treatment strategy for diabetes. The two most intensely pursued strategies are β cell replacement through conversion of other cell types and β cell regeneration by enhancement of β cell replication. The approach closest to clinical implementation is the replacement of β cells with human pluripotent stem cell-derived (hPSC-derived) cells, which are currently under investigation in a clinical trial to assess their safety in humans. In addition, there has been success in reprogramming developmentally related cell types into β cells. Reprogramming approaches could find therapeutic applications by inducing β cell conversion in vivo or by reprogramming cells ex vivo followed by implantation. Finally, recent studies have revealed novel pharmacologic targets for stimulating β cell replication. Manipulating these targets or the pathways they regulate could be a strategy for promoting the expansion of residual β cells in diabetic patients. Here, we provide an overview of progress made toward β cell replacement and regeneration and discuss promises and challenges for clinical implementation of these strategies.
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Nagalski A, Kozinski K, Wisniewska MB. Metabolic pathways in the periphery and brain: Contribution to mental disorders? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 80:19-30. [PMID: 27644152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The association between mental disorders and diabetes has a long history. Recent large-scale, well-controlled epidemiological studies confirmed a link between diabetes and psychiatric illnesses. The scope of this review is to summarize our current understanding of this relationship from a molecular perspective. We first discuss the potential contribution of diabetes-associated metabolic impairments to the etiology of mental conditions. Then, we focus on possible shared molecular risk factors and mechanisms. Simple comorbidity, shared susceptibility loci, and common pathophysiological processes in diabetes and mental illnesses have changed our traditional way of thinking about mental illness. We conclude that schizophrenia and affective disorders are not limited to an imbalance in dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission in the brain. They are also systemic disorders that can be considered, to some extent, as metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Nagalski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kozinski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta B Wisniewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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Lee KI, Su CC, Yang CY, Hung DZ, Lin CT, Lu TH, Liu SH, Huang CF. Etoposide induces pancreatic β-cells cytotoxicity via the JNK/ERK/GSK-3 signaling-mediated mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 36:142-152. [PMID: 27473919 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Etoposide is widely used in the treatment of the different types of tumors such as pancreatic cancer. However, etoposide also causes several unwanted side-effects in normal viable cells, including pancreatic β-cells, which are vulnerable to chemical-induced injuries, and the molecular mechanisms underlying etoposide-induced apoptosis are still unclear. Here, the results showed that in RIN-m5F cells (a β-cell-derived cell line), the number of viable cells was significantly decreased after 24h of etoposide treatment and underwent mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signals accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, and increases in the population of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells and apoptotic cells, caspase-3 activity, and the activation of caspase cascades. Etoposide also increased the phosphorylation levels of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3α/β in treated RIN-m5F cells. Pretreatment with LiCl, a GSK-3 inhibitor, prevented etoposide-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and GSK-3 protein phosphorylation in RIN-m5F cells. Furthermore, exposure of the cells to etoposide induced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 but not p38-MAPK, which was suppressed by the specific JNK inhibitor (SP600125) and ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059), respectively. Additionally, pretreatment with both SP600125 and PD98059 effectively suppressed etoposide-induced β-cell cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and GSK-3 protein phosphorylation; however, LiCl did not reverse JNK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Taken together, these results suggest that etoposide is capable of causing cytotoxicity on pancreatic β-cells by inducing apoptosis through the JNK/ERK-mediated GSK-3 downstream-triggered mitochondria-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Su
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Zong Hung
- Division of Toxicology, Trauma & Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hui Lu
- Department of Physiology, and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Fa Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
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Lin KT, Hsu SW, Lai FY, Chang TC, Shi LS, Lee SY. Rhodiola crenulata extract regulates hepatic glycogen and lipid metabolism via activation of the AMPK pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:127. [PMID: 27184670 PMCID: PMC4869342 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome may lead to many complications, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A natural and effective therapeutic agent for patients with NAFLD is urgently needed. In a previous study, we showed that Rhodiola crenulata root extract (RCE) regulated hepatic gluconeogenesis through activation of AMPK signaling. However, the manner in which RCE regulates hepatic lipid and glycogen metabolism remains unclear. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of RCE on hepatic glycogen and lipid metabolism, as well as the mechanisms underlying such effects. Methods Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were treated with RCE for 6 h under high glucose conditions, after which glycogen synthesis, lipogenesis, and relative gene expression were examined. In addition, lipogenesis-related genes were investigated in vivo. Results RCE significantly increased glycogen synthesis and inhibited lipogenesis, while regulating genes related to these processes, including glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), glycogen synthase (GS), fatty acid synthase (FAS), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). However, the effects caused by RCE were neutralized by compound C, an AMPK antagonist. Further studies showed that expression levels of lipogenic genes decreased at the protein and mRNA levels in the rat liver. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that RCE regulates hepatic glycogen and lipid metabolism through the AMPK signaling pathway. These results suggest that RCE is a potential intervention for patients with NAFLD.
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Huang L, Jiang X, Gong L, Xing D. Photoactivation of Akt1/GSK3β Isoform-Specific Signaling Axis Promotes Pancreatic β-Cell Regeneration. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1741-54. [PMID: 25736682 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Promotion of insulin-secreting β-cell regeneration in patients with diabetes is a promising approach for diabetes therapy, which can contribute to rescue the uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) has been demonstrated to regulate multiple physiological processes both in vitro and in vivo through activation of various signaling pathways. In the present study, we showed that LPLI promoted β-cell replication and cell cycle progression through activation of Akt1/GSK3β isoform-specific signaling axis. Inhibition of PI3-K/Akt or GSK3 with specific inhibitors dramatically reduced or increased LPLI-induced β-cell replication, revealing Akt/GSK3 signaling axis was involved in β-cell replication and survival upon LPLI treatment. Furthermore, the results of shRNA-mediated knock down of Akt/GSK3 isoforms revealed that Akt1/GSK3β isoform-specific signaling axis regulated β-cell replication and survival in response to LPLI, but not Akt2/GSK3α. The mechanism by which LPLI promoted β-cell replication through Akt1/GSK3β signaling axis involved activation of β-catenin and down-regulation of p21. Taken together, these observations suggest that Akt1/GSK3β isoform signaling axis play a key role in β-cell replication and survival induced by LPLI. Moreover, our findings suggest that activation of Akt1/GSK3β isoform signaling axis by LPLI may provide guidance in practical applications for β-cell regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Longlong Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
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Emerging Role and Therapeutic Implication of Wnt Signaling Pathways in Autoimmune Diseases. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:9392132. [PMID: 27110577 PMCID: PMC4826689 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9392132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a key role in many biological aspects, such as cellular proliferation, tissue regeneration, embryonic development, and other systemic effects. Under a physiological condition, it is tightly controlled at different layers and arrays, and a dysregulated activation of this signaling has been implicated into the pathogenesis of various human disorders, including autoimmune diseases. Despite the fact that therapeutic interventions are available for ameliorating disease manifestations, there is no curative therapy currently available for autoimmune disorders. Increasing lines of evidence have suggested a crucial role of Wnt signaling during the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases; in addition, some of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small, noncoding RNA molecules capable of transcriptionally regulating gene expression, have also recently been demonstrated to possess both physiological and pathological roles in autoimmune diseases by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway. This review summarizes currently our understanding of the pathogenic roles of Wnt signaling in several major autoimmune disorders and miRNAs, those targeting Wnt signaling in autoimmune diseases, with a focus on the implication of the Wnt signaling as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in immune diseases, as well as miRNA-mediated regulation of Wnt signaling activation in the development of autoimmune diseases.
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The Potential Protective Action of Vitamin D in Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Pancreatic Islet Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2016; 8:147. [PMID: 26959059 PMCID: PMC4808876 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (i.e., hypovitaminosis D) is associated with increased insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and poorly controlled glucose homeostasis, and thus is correlated with the risk of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The liver plays key roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, and its dysregulation leads to abnormalities in hepatic glucose output and triglyceride accumulation. Meanwhile, the pancreatic islets are constituted in large part by insulin-secreting β cells. Consequently, islet dysfunction, such as occurs in T2DM, produces hyperglycemia. In this review, we provide a critical appraisal of the modulatory actions of vitamin D in hepatic insulin sensitivity and islet insulin secretion, and we discuss the potential roles of a local vitamin D signaling in regulating hepatic and pancreatic islet functions. This information provides a scientific basis for establishing the benefits of the maintenance, or dietary manipulation, of adequate vitamin D status in the prevention and management of obesity-induced T2DM and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Nisha CM, Kumar A, Vimal A, Bai BM, Pal D, Kumar A. Docking and ADMET prediction of few GSK-3 inhibitors divulges 6-bromoindirubin-3-oxime as a potential inhibitor. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 65:100-7. [PMID: 26967552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
GSK-3 is a member of cellular kinases with diversified functions such as cellular differentiation, metabolic signaling, neuronal functions and apoptosis. It has been validated as an important therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes. Few molecules targeting GSK-3 are currently in clinical trials. In this study, we have compared certain docking and computational ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion) parameters of a few GSK-3 targeted ligands (Indirubin, Hymenialdisine, Meridianins, 6-bromoindirubin-3-oxime) against two control molecules (Tideglusib and LY-2090314) to derive and analyze the basic drug-like properties of the test compounds. Docking between the GSK-3 and various ligands was done using AutoDock while ADME parameters were derived from ADMET server PreADMET and admetSAR. Various docked images were retrieved from docking, indicating the docking sites in the target protein. Out of four compounds tested, 6-bromoindirubin-3-oxime (6-BIO) was found as the best docking and ADME parameters, followed by Hymenialdisine (HMD). The LigPlot interaction results show two residues Leu (188) and Thr (138) to be common at the interaction site. The LD50 of 6-BIO is better than one of the control ligands while very similar to the other. Some of the parameters were very similar to the control ligands, thus, making it a suitable candidate among the test ligands. From this in-silico study, we concluded that 6-BIO is a potent drug candidate which could be further tested in vitro and in vivo to establish a drug molecule. Since, 6-BIO is a chemically modified form of the basic molecule Indirubin, we can hypothesize that certain other modified indirubins could be tested as GSK-3 targeted ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashwini Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Archana Vimal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Bhukya Mounika Bai
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Dharm Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Jurczyk A, Nowosielska A, Przewozniak N, Aryee KE, DiIorio P, Blodgett D, Yang C, Campbell-Thompson M, Atkinson M, Shultz L, Rittenhouse A, Harlan D, Greiner D, Bortell R. Beyond the brain: disrupted in schizophrenia 1 regulates pancreatic β-cell function via glycogen synthase kinase-3β. FASEB J 2016; 30:983-93. [PMID: 26546129 PMCID: PMC4714549 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-279810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives have higher rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) than the general population (18-30 vs. 1.2-6.3%), independent of body mass index and antipsychotic medication, suggesting shared genetic components may contribute to both diseases. The cause of this association remains unknown. Mutations in disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) increase the risk of developing psychiatric disorders [logarithm (base 10) of odds = 7.1]. Here, we identified DISC1 as a major player controlling pancreatic β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion via regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). DISC1 expression was enriched in developing mouse and human pancreas and adult β- and ductal cells. Loss of DISC1 function, through siRNA-mediated depletion or expression of a dominant-negative truncation that models the chromosomal translocation of human DISC1 in schizophrenia, resulted in decreased β-cell proliferation (3 vs. 1%; P < 0.01), increased apoptosis (0.1 vs. 0.6%; P < 0.01), and glucose intolerance in transgenic mice. Insulin secretion was reduced (0.5 vs. 0.1 ng/ml; P < 0.05), and critical β-cell transcription factors Pdx1 and Nkx6.1 were significantly decreased. Impaired DISC1 allowed inappropriate activation of GSK3β in β cells, and antagonizing GSK3β (SB216763; IC50 = 34.3 nM) rescued the β-cell defects. These results uncover an unexpected role for DISC1 in normal β-cell physiology and suggest that DISC1 dysregulation contributes to T2D independently of its importance for cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jurczyk
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Anetta Nowosielska
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Natalia Przewozniak
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Ken-Edwin Aryee
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Philip DiIorio
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - David Blodgett
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Chaoxing Yang
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Martha Campbell-Thompson
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Mark Atkinson
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Leonard Shultz
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Ann Rittenhouse
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - David Harlan
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Dale Greiner
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Rita Bortell
- *Diabetes Center of Excellence, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; and The Jackson Laboratory; Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
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Fukaya M, Brorsson CA, Meyerovich K, Catrysse L, Delaroche D, Vanzela EC, Ortis F, Beyaert R, Nielsen LB, Andersen ML, Mortensen HB, Pociot F, van Loo G, Størling J, Cardozo AK. A20 Inhibits β-Cell Apoptosis by Multiple Mechanisms and Predicts Residual β-Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 30:48-61. [PMID: 26652732 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) contributes to β-cell death in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Genome-wide association studies have identified the gene TNF-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), encoding for the zinc finger protein A20, as a susceptibility locus for T1D. A20 restricts NF-κB signaling and has strong antiapoptotic activities in β-cells. Although the role of A20 on NF-κB inhibition is well characterized, its other antiapoptotic functions are largely unknown. By studying INS-1E cells and rat dispersed islet cells knocked down or overexpressing A20 and islets isolated from the β-cell-specific A20 knockout mice, we presently demonstrate that A20 has broader effects in β-cells that are not restricted to inhibition of NF-κB. These involves, suppression of the proapoptotic mitogen-activated protein kinase c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), activation of survival signaling via v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (Akt) and consequently inhibition of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Finally, in a cohort of T1D children, we observed that the risk allele of the rs2327832 single nucleotide polymorphism of TNFAIP3 predicted lower C-peptide and higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels 12 months after disease onset, indicating reduced residual β-cell function and impaired glycemic control. In conclusion, our results indicate a critical role for A20 in the regulation of β-cell survival and unveil novel mechanisms by which A20 controls β-cell fate. Moreover, we identify the single nucleotide polymorphism rs2327832 of TNFAIP3 as a possible prognostic marker for diabetes outcome in children with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Fukaya
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline A Brorsson
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kira Meyerovich
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leen Catrysse
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diane Delaroche
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerielle C Vanzela
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ortis
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lotte B Nielsen
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie L Andersen
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henrik B Mortensen
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geert van Loo
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joachim Størling
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra K Cardozo
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Diabetes Research (M.F., K.M., D.D., E.C.V., A.K.C.), Free University Brussels, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (C.A.B., L.B.N., M.L.A., H.B.M., F.P., J.S.), Department of Pediatrics E, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, DL-2730 Herlev, Denmark; Inflammation Research Center (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (L.C., R.B., G.v.L.), 9052 Gent University, Gent, Belgium; Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism (E.C.V.), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil; and Department of Development and Cellular Biology (F.O.), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 05508-900 São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Small molecules that promote regenerative repair for pancreatic and cardiovascular health. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5465-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shen W, Taylor B, Jin Q, Nguyen-Tran V, Meeusen S, Zhang YQ, Kamireddy A, Swafford A, Powers AF, Walker J, Lamb J, Bursalaya B, DiDonato M, Harb G, Qiu M, Filippi CM, Deaton L, Turk CN, Suarez-Pinzon WL, Liu Y, Hao X, Mo T, Yan S, Li J, Herman AE, Hering BJ, Wu T, Martin Seidel H, McNamara P, Glynne R, Laffitte B. Inhibition of DYRK1A and GSK3B induces human β-cell proliferation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8372. [PMID: 26496802 PMCID: PMC4639830 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient pancreatic β-cell mass or function results in diabetes mellitus. While significant progress has been made in regulating insulin secretion from β-cells in diabetic patients, no pharmacological agents have been described that increase β-cell replication in humans. Here we report aminopyrazine compounds that stimulate robust β-cell proliferation in adult primary islets, most likely as a result of combined inhibition of DYRK1A and GSK3B. Aminopyrazine-treated human islets retain functionality in vitro and after transplantation into diabetic mice. Oral dosing of these compounds in diabetic mice induces β-cell proliferation, increases β-cell mass and insulin content, and improves glycaemic control. Biochemical, genetic and cell biology data point to Dyrk1a as the key molecular target. This study supports the feasibility of treating diabetes with an oral therapy to restore β-cell mass, and highlights a tractable pathway for future drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Shen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Brandon Taylor
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Qihui Jin
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Van Nguyen-Tran
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Shelly Meeusen
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - You-Qing Zhang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Anwesh Kamireddy
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Austin Swafford
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Andrew F. Powers
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - John Walker
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - John Lamb
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Badry Bursalaya
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Michael DiDonato
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - George Harb
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Minhua Qiu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Christophe M. Filippi
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Deaton
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Carolina N. Turk
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Wilma L. Suarez-Pinzon
- Department of Surgery and Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Yahu Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Xueshi Hao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Tingting Mo
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Shanshan Yan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Ann E. Herman
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Bernhard J. Hering
- Department of Surgery and Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Tom Wu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - H. Martin Seidel
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Peter McNamara
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Richard Glynne
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Bryan Laffitte
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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Canonical Wnt signaling pathway contributes to the proliferation and survival in porcine pancreatic stem cells (PSCs). Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:379-88. [PMID: 26085341 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic stem cells (PSCs) transplantation is a potential therapeutic approach to type 1 diabetes mellitus (D1M). However, before clinical use, there are some major hurdles to be faced that need to be comprehensively considered and given some potential solutions in vitro. Human PSCs are difficult to obtain and have a short replicative senescence. As an alternative, we instead established porcine PSCs; as insulin is highly conserved and physiological glucose levels are similar between human and porcine. In order to solve the problems during transplantation therapy, such as the need for an enormous amount of PSCs and good cell survival in overactive autoimmunity induced by reactive oxygen cpecies (ROS) in D1M patients, we utilized Wnt3a overexpression to activate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in PSCs. We found that the expression of proliferation genes, such as c-Myc, was up-regulated as the downstream of β-catenin, which promoted the PSCs proliferation and made cell numbers to meet the transplantation needs. We also showed that activation of the Wnt pathway made cells more readily tolerate ROS-caused mitochondria injury and cell apoptosis, thus making cells survive in autoimmune patients. The present study provides a theoretical basis for cell transplantation therapy of diabetes.
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50
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The regulatory roles of NADPH oxidase, intra- and extra-cellular HSP70 in pancreatic islet function, dysfunction and diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:789-803. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20140695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 70 kDa heat-shock protein (HSP70) family is important for a dynamic range of cellular processes that include protection against cell stress, modulation of cell signalling, gene expression, protein synthesis, protein folding and inflammation. Within this family, the inducible 72 kDa and the cognate 73 kDa forms are found at the highest level. HSP70 has dual functions depending on location. For example, intracellular HSP70 (iHSP70) is anti-inflammatory whereas extracellular HSP70 (eHSP70) has a pro-inflammatory function, resulting in local and systemic inflammation. We have recently identified a divergence in the levels of eHSP70 and iHSP70 in subjects with diabetes compared with healthy subjects and also reported that eHSP70 was correlated with insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction/death. In the present review, we describe possible mechanisms by which HSP70 participates in cell function/dysfunction, including the activation of NADPH oxidase isoforms leading to oxidative stress, focusing on the possible role of HSPs and signalling in pancreatic islet α- and β-cell physiological function in health and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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