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Hernández-Gómez KG, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Granados-Portillo O, Avila-Nava A, González-Salazar LE, Serralde-Zúñiga AE, Palacios-González B, Pichardo-Ontiveros E, Guizar-Heredia R, López-Barradas AM, Sánchez-Tapia M, Larios-Serrato V, Olin-Sandoval V, Díaz-Villaseñor A, Medina-Vera I, Noriega LG, Alemán-Escondrillas G, Ortiz-Ortega VM, Torres N, Tovar AR, Guevara-Cruz M. Acute Effects of Dietary Protein Consumption on the Postprandial Metabolic Response, Amino Acid Levels and Circulating MicroRNAs in Patients with Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7716. [PMID: 39062958 PMCID: PMC11276941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The post-nutritional intervention modulation of miRNA expression has been previously investigated; however, post-acute dietary-ingestion-related miRNA expression dynamics in individuals with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are unknown. We aimed to determine the acute effects of protein ingestion from different dietary sources on the postprandial metabolic response, amino acid levels, and circulating miRNA expression in adults with obesity and IR. This clinical trial included adults with obesity and IR who consumed (1) animal-source protein (AP; calcium caseinate) or (2) vegetable-source protein (VP; soy protein isolate). Glycaemic, insulinaemic, and glucagon responses, amino acid levels, and exosomal microRNAs isolated from plasma were analysed. Post-AP ingestion, the area under the curve (AUC) of insulin (p = 0.04) and the plasma concentrations of branched-chain (p = 0.007) and gluconeogenic (p = 0.01) amino acids increased. The effects of different types of proteins on the concentration of miRNAs were evaluated by measuring their plasma circulating levels. Compared with the baseline, the AP group presented increased circulating levels of miR-27a-3p, miR-29b-3p, and miR-122-5p (p < 0.05). Subsequent analysis over time at 0, 30, and 60 min revealed the same pattern and differences between treatments. We demonstrated that a single dose of dietary protein has acute effects on hormonal and metabolic regulation and increases exosomal miRNA expression in individuals with obesity and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla G. Hernández-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura A. Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, IMSS-Bienestar, Mérida 97130, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Luis E. González-Salazar
- Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Aurora E. Serralde-Zúñiga
- Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del INMEGEN en el Centro de Investigación Sobre el Envejecimiento, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
| | - Edgar Pichardo-Ontiveros
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rocio Guizar-Heredia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Adriana M. López-Barradas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Violeta Larios-Serrato
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Olin-Sandoval
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Alemán-Escondrillas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Victor M. Ortiz-Ortega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Ulusoy Ş, İnal E, Küpeli Akkol E, Çiçek M, Kartal M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Evaluation of the anti-obesity effect of Sambucus nigra L. (elderberry) and Vitex agnus-castus L. (chasteberry) extracts in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1410854. [PMID: 39055496 PMCID: PMC11269222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1410854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of S. nigra L. and V. agnus-castus L. plants on obesity in vivo. Extracts were prepared from S. nigra leaves, flowers, fruits and from V. agnus-castus leaves, flowers, and fruits using 100% water and 70% ethanol. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extracts were quantified spectrophotometrically. The findings revealed that the ethanol extracts of V. agnus-castus and S. nigra flowers had the highest phenolic content, while the ethanol extracts of S. nigra flowers and V. agnus-castus leaves had the highest flavonoid content. Qualification and quantification of the phenolic contents of the extracts were carried out using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analyses. The study investigated the effects of various extracts on plasma levels of leptin, insulin, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lipase enzyme in obesity-induced rats. The results showed that the ethanol extract of V. agnus-castus flowers, as well as the ethanol and water extracts of V. agnus-castus leaves, resulted in body weight reduction in rats with obesity. Additionally, these extracts were found to decrease serum levels of LDL, triglycerides, leptin, lipase, TNF-α, and IL-1β while increasing levels of HDL and adiponectin. The LC-HRMS results demonstrated that all three extracts exhibited relatively high concentrations of luteolin-7-glycoside and kaempferol, in comparison to the other extracts. The ethanol extract of V. agnus-castus flowers contained 653.04 mg/100 g of luteolin-7-glycoside and 62.63 mg/100 g of kaempferol. The ethanol extract of V. agnus-castus leaves contained 1,720.26 mg/100 g of luteolin-7-glycoside and 95.85 mg/100 g of kaempferol. The water extract of V. agnus-castus leaves contained 690.49 mg/100 g of luteolin-7-glycoside and 194.41 mg/100 g of kaempferol. The study suggests that the ethanol extract of V. agnus-castus flowers and leaves, as well as the water extract of V. agnus-castus leaves, may have potential benefits in treating obesity. However, further controlled clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the clinical efficacy of V. agnus-castus in treating obesity and investigate the in vivo anti-obesogenic effects of luteolin-7-glycoside and kaempferol separately, both in their pure form and in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Ulusoy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ebrar İnal
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Mahmut Çiçek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Murat Kartal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Bezmialem Center of Education, Practice, and Research in Phytotherapy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
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Bashir KMI, Kim JW, Park HR, Lee JK, Choi BR, Choi JS, Ku SK. Validating the Health Benefits of Coffee Berry Pulp Extracts in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:10. [PMID: 38275632 PMCID: PMC10812732 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) berry pulp extracts (CBP extracts) on the improvement of diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were evaluated using various in vitro antioxidant activity assays and through a high-fat diet-induced mild diabetic obese mouse model. After an 84-day oral administration of CBP extracts (400-100 mg/kg), bioactivities were evaluated. The in vitro analysis showed the highest DPPH● scavenging activity of 73.10 ± 4.27%, ABTS● scavenging activity of 41.18 ± 1.14%, and SOD activity of 56.24 ± 2.81%, at a CBP extract concentration of 1000 µg/mL. The in vivo analysis of the CBP extracts showed favorable and dose-dependent anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, NAFLD, nephropathy, and hyperlipidemia refinement effects through hepatic glucose enzyme activity, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) up-regulation, antioxidant activity, lipid metabolism-related gene expression, and pancreatic lipid digestion enzyme modulatory activities. This study shows that an appropriate oral dosage of CBP extracts could function as a potent herbal formulation for a refinement agent or medicinal food ingredient to control type 2 diabetes and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea;
- German Engineering Research and Development Center for Life Science Technologies in Medicine and Environment, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Wan Kim
- Department of Companion Animal Health, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Park
- Nutracore Co., Ltd., Suwon 16514, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyoung Lee
- CNS Pharm Korea Co., Ltd., Seoul 04043, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Regulatory Science, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
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Bashir KMI, Kim JW, Kim JK, Chun YS, Choi JS, Ku SK. Efficacy Confirmation Test of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Seeds Extract Using a High-Fat Diet Mouse Model. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040501. [PMID: 37110159 PMCID: PMC10142846 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To deal with the adverse effects associated with the use of currently available treatments for metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, there is a need to find an alternative drug compound. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds extract (BCS extract) for type 2 diabetes using a 45% Kcal-fed obese mouse model. The BCS extract at different doses (400–100 mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent improvement tendency in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hyperlipidemia, and diabetic nephropathy compared to the metformin (250 mg/kg). In particular, BCS extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly inhibited the HFD-induced metabolic conditions. The oral administration of BCS extract (200 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the oxidative stress through lipid peroxidation, normalized the activity of sugar metabolism-related enzymes and the expression of genes involved in fat metabolism, and inhibited insulin resistance through glucose and fat metabolism by regulating the 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression. Furthermore, BCS extract (200 mg/kg) showed renal damage improvement effects compared to the metformin (250 mg/kg). The results clearly show that BCS aqueous extract at an appropriate concentration could help in the treatment of metabolic disorders, and BCS aqueous extract can be used as a functional food for various diabetic complications, such as obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD.
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Santos Filho LED, Santos GPLD, Silva JA, Silva FDA, Silva MN, Almeida AAD, Coqueiro RDS, Coimbra CC, Soares TDJ, Magalhães ACMD. Dietary Soy Isoflavones Prevent Metabolic Disturbs Associated with a Deleterious Combination of Obesity and Menopause. J Med Food 2023; 26:104-113. [PMID: 36383150 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soy isoflavone supplementation (25 mg/kg) on insulin resistance and inflammation in adipose tissue in an experimental model of menopause-obesity. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (O) and distributed among the groups: OSD-ovariectomized rats submitted to normocaloric standard diet (n = 6); OHF-ovariectomized rats submitted to high-fat diet (n = 9); and OHFI-ovariectomized rats submitted to high-fat diet with isoflavones (n = 9). Weight gain, body adiposity, food and caloric intake, blood pressure, and glucose tolerance were assessed. After 24 weeks, the rats were euthanized; the thoracic blood collected for serum insulin determination and the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance) (HOMA-IR) and homeostatic model assessment-β cell (HOMA-β) indices were calculated. Abdominal adipose tissues were removed, weighed, and fixed for immunohistochemical and morphometric studies. Isoflavones decreased weight gain and blood pressure without changing the food and caloric intake (P < .05). Isoflavones did not affect the weight of the abdominal adipose tissue depots (P < .05). Although they did not alter glucose tolerance, the isoflavones reduced HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, serum insulin levels, in addition to reducing adipocytes' size (P < .05). The number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and crown-like structures in adipose tissue was lower in the group treated with isoflavones (P < .05). In conclusion, our data show that dietary soy isoflavones' supplementation prevents many of well-known deleterious combination of obesity and menopause on metabolism, such as body overweight, adipocyte hypertrophy, and hypertension, as well as insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Evangelista Dos Santos Filho
- Postgraduate Multicentric Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Physiological Society/Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória of Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Prates Lourenço Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Multicentric Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Physiological Society/Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória of Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jussara Andrade Silva
- Postgraduate Multicentric Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Physiological Society/Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória of Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Abreu Silva
- Postgraduate Multicentric Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Physiological Society/Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória of Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mirlana Neves Silva
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória of Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Amanda Alves de Almeida
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória of Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Cândido Celso Coimbra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Health, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória of Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
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Laddha AP, Kulkarni YA. Daidzein attenuates urinary bladder dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats by NOX-4 and RAC-1 inhibition. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:975-986. [PMID: 35538367 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation are involved in the pathogenesis of many disease conditions such as diabetes and its complications. In the present study, we have examined the effect of daidzein in the management of diabetic cystopathy. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 55 mg/kg. After 6 weeks of diabetes induction, animals were treated with daidzein orally at a dose of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Diabetic animals showed increase (p < 0.001) in bladder capacity (4.32 ± 0.43 mL) and residual volume (2.53 ± 0.19 mL) when compared with normal control animals (2.10 ± 0.40 mL and 0.51 ± 0.12 mL res). Treatment with daidzein at dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the elevated bladder capacity (2.91 ± 0.11 mL, p < 0.01 and 2.65 ± 1.13 mL, p < 0.001) and residual volume (1.40 ± 0.15 mL, p < 0.001 and 1.15 ± 0.05 mL, p < 0.001). Daidzein-treated animals also showed improvement in voiding efficiency. Elevated threshold and baseline pressure were also found to be reduced in diabetic animals after 4 weeks of daidzein treatment. Daidzein treatment also prevented the loss of antioxidant enzymes in the urinary bladder and also reduced the expression of NOX-4 and RAC-1 in the bladder. From the results, it can be concluded that daidzein showed a beneficial effect on urinary bladder dysfunction in diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit P Laddha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Lee HJ, Lee DY, Chun YS, Kim JK, Lee JO, Ku SK, Shim SM. Effects of blue honeysuckle containing anthocyanin on anti-diabetic hypoglycemia and hyperlipidemia in ob/ob mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Bhori M, Rastogi V, Tungare K, Marar T. A review on interplay between obesity, lipoprotein profile and nutrigenetics with selected candidate marker genes of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:687-703. [PMID: 34669123 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a rapidly growing epidemic, and its frequently related complications demand global attention. The two factors commonly attributed to the epidemic are genetic factors and environmental factors. Studies indicate that the genetic makeup at an individual level and the environmental aspects influence the occurrence of the disease. However, there is insufficiency in understanding the mechanisms through which the gene mutations and environmental components individually lead to T2DM. Also, discrepancies have often been noted in the association of gene variants and type 2 diabetes when the gene factor is examined as a sole attribute to the disease. STUDY In this review initially, we have focused on the proposed ways through which CAPN10, FABP2, GLUT2, TCF7L2, and ENPP1 variants lead to T2DM along with the inconsistencies observed in the gene-disease association. The article also emphasizes on obesity, lipoprotein profile, and nutrition as environmental factors and how they lead to T2DM. Finally, the main objective is explored, the environment-gene-disease association i.e. the influence of each environmental factor on the aforementioned specific gene-T2DM relationship to understand if the disease-causing capability of the gene variants is exacerbated by environmental influences. CONCLUSION We found that environmental factors may influence the gene-disease relationship. Reciprocally, the genetic factors may alter the environment-disease relationship. To precisely conclude that the two factors act synergistically to lead to T2DM, more attention has to be paid to the combined influence of the genetic variants and environmental factors on T2DM occurrence instead of studying the influence of the factors separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustansir Bhori
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India
| | - Varuni Rastogi
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India
| | - Kanchanlata Tungare
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India.
| | - Thankamani Marar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D. Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, Navi Mumbai, 400614, India
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Basson AR, Ahmed S, Almutairi R, Seo B, Cominelli F. Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Soybean and Soy-Derived Compounds. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040774. [PMID: 33916612 PMCID: PMC8066255 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, particularly diet, are considered central to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In particular, the Westernization of diet, characterized by high intake of animal protein, saturated fat, and refined carbohydrates, has been shown to contribute to the development and progression of IBD. During the last decade, soybean, as well as soy-derived bioactive compounds (e.g., isoflavones, phytosterols, Bowman-Birk inhibitors) have been increasingly investigated because of their anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of IBD. Herein we provide a scoping review of the most studied disease mechanisms associated with disease induction and progression in IBD rodent models after feeding of either the whole food or a bioactive present in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Raffner Basson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Saleh Ahmed
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Rawan Almutairi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Brian Seo
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Digestive Health Research Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.A.); (B.S.)
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Binayi F, Zardooz H, Ghasemi R, Hedayati M, Askari S, Pouriran R, Sahraei M. The chemical chaperon 4-phenyl butyric acid restored high-fat diet- induced hippocampal insulin content and insulin receptor level reduction along with spatial learning and memory deficits in male rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 231:113312. [PMID: 33412188 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of a chronic high-fat diet (HFD) on plasma and hippocampal insulin and corticosterone levels, the hippocampus insulin receptor amount, and spatial learning and memory with or without receiving 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) in male rats. Rats were divided into high-fat and normal diet groups, then each group was subdivided into dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 4-PBA groups. After weaning, the rats were fed with HFD for 20 weeks. Then, 4-PBA or DMSO were injected for 3 days. Subsequently, oral glucose tolerance test was done. On the following day, spatial memory tests were performed. Then the hippocampus Bip, Chop, insulin, corticosterone, and insulin receptor levels were determined. HFD increased plasma glucose, leptin and corticosterone concentrations, hippocampus Bip, Chop and corticosterone levels, food intake, abdominal fat weight and body weight along with impaired glucose tolerance. It decreased plasma insulin, and insulin content, and its receptor amount in hippocampus. HFD lengthened escape latency and shortened the duration spent in target zone. 4-PBA administration improved the HFD- induced adverse changes. Chronic HFD possibly through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent changes in the levels of hippocampal corticosterone, insulin and insulin receptor along with possible leptin resistance caused spatial learning and memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Binayi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Zardooz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Askari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sahraei
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Flavonoids in adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis: one arrow, two targets. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1403-1432. [PMID: 32556180 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables, in addition to beverages such as tea and coffee. Flavonoids are emerging as potent therapeutic agents for cardiovascular as well as metabolic diseases. Several studies corroborated an inverse relationship between flavonoid consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). Flavonoids exert their anti-atherogenic effects by increasing nitric oxide (NO), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, flavonoids alleviate ATI by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as by attenuating inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, flavonoids inhibit synthesis of fatty acids and promote their oxidation. In this review, we discuss the effect of the main classes of flavonoids, namely flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones, on atherosclerosis and ATI. In addition, we dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of action for these flavonoids. We conclude by supporting the potential benefit for flavonoids in the management or treatment of CVD; yet, we call for more robust clinical studies for safety and pharmacokinetic values.
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Choi BR, Kim HJ, Lee YJ, Ku SK. Anti-Diabetic Obesity Effects of Wasabia Japonica Matsum Leaf Extract on 45% Kcal High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092837. [PMID: 32947952 PMCID: PMC7551095 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of Wasabi leaf (WL) on 45% Kcal high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mild diabetic obese mice. In particular, the hepatoprotective (i.e., liver weight, histopathology of liver, serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase) effects of 12 weeks of continuous oral administration of 250 mg/kg metformin, and 200, 100, or 50 mg/kg WL were investigated. In addition, the hypolipidemic (i.e., serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels), hypoglycemic (i.e., glycated hemoglobin, blood glucose and insulin levels, pancreatic weight, and immunohistochemical-histopathological analysis of the pancreas), and anti-obesity effects (i.e., body weight, mean food consumption, total and abdominal body fat mass, periovarian fat weight, and histopathology of the periovarian and abdominal wall adipocytes) were monitored. The liver and general antioxidant defense systems were also assessed by lipid metabolism-related gene expression. All diabetes manifestations and related complications, including obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), were dose-dependently reduced after 84 days of oral treatment with metformin or each of the three dosages of WL. In particular, 50 mg/kg WL showed effective suppression effects against HFD-induced diabetes and related complications of obesity, NAFLD, and hyperlipidemia, comparable to the effects of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Rak Choi
- Research Institute, Nutracore Co., Ltd., Gwanggyo SK Viewlake A-3206, Beobjo-Ro 25, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16514, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Jee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Young-Joon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Deagu Haany University, 1, Haanydaero, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-Do 38610, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.L.); (S.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-53-819-1296 (Y.-J.L.); +82-53-819-1549 (S.-K.K.)
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, 1, Haanydaero, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-Do 38610, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.L.); (S.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-53-819-1296 (Y.-J.L.); +82-53-819-1549 (S.-K.K.)
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Choi EH, Chun YS, Kim J, Ku SK, Jeon S, Park TS, Shim SM. Modulating lipid and glucose metabolism by glycosylated kaempferol rich roasted leaves of Lycium chinense via upregulating adiponectin and AMPK activation in obese mice-induced type 2 diabetes. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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14
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Pessoa EDA, Convento MB, Castino B, Leme AM, de Oliveira AS, Aragão A, Fernandes SM, Carbonel A, Dezoti C, Vattimo MDF, Schor N, Borges FT. Beneficial Effects of Isoflavones in the Kidney of Obese Rats Are Mediated by PPAR-Gamma Expression. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061624. [PMID: 32492810 PMCID: PMC7352183 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated an important association between altered lipid metabolism and the development of kidney injury because of a high-fat diet. Fructose is also closely associated with renal injury. We opted for a combination of fructose and saturated fats in a diet (DH) that is a model known to induce renal damage in order to evaluate whether soy isoflavones could have promising use in the treatment of renal alterations. After two months of ingestion, there was an expansion of visceral fat, which was associated with long-term metabolic disorders, such as sustained hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, polyuria, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Additionally, we found a decrease in renal blood flow and an increase in renal vascular resistance. Biochemical markers of chronic kidney disease were detected; there was an infiltration of inflammatory cells with an elevated expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β), the activation of the renin–angiotensin system, and oxidative/nitrosative stress. Notably, in rats exposed to the DH diet for 120 days, the concomitant treatment with isoflavones after 60 days was able to revert metabolic parameters, renal alterations, and oxidative/nitrosative stress. The beneficial effects of isoflavones in the kidney of the obese rats were found to be mediated by expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson de Andrade Pessoa
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-900, Brazil; (E.d.A.P.); (M.B.C.); (A.M.L.); (A.S.d.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Márcia Bastos Convento
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-900, Brazil; (E.d.A.P.); (M.B.C.); (A.M.L.); (A.S.d.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Bianca Castino
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo SP 01506-000, Brazil; (B.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Ala Moana Leme
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-900, Brazil; (E.d.A.P.); (M.B.C.); (A.M.L.); (A.S.d.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Andréia Silva de Oliveira
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-900, Brazil; (E.d.A.P.); (M.B.C.); (A.M.L.); (A.S.d.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Alef Aragão
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo SP 01506-000, Brazil; (B.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Sheila Marques Fernandes
- Experimentation Laboratory in Animal Model, School of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil; (S.M.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Adriana Carbonel
- Histology and Structural Biology Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04039-032, Brazil;
| | - Cassiane Dezoti
- Experimentation Laboratory in Animal Model, School of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil; (S.M.F.); (C.D.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Vattimo
- Department Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Nestor Schor
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-900, Brazil; (E.d.A.P.); (M.B.C.); (A.M.L.); (A.S.d.O.); (N.S.)
| | - Fernanda Teixeira Borges
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo SP 04023-900, Brazil; (E.d.A.P.); (M.B.C.); (A.M.L.); (A.S.d.O.); (N.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo SP 01506-000, Brazil; (B.C.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-5576-4242
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de Almeida Brasiel PG, Schuchter Ferreira M, Vieira AM, Sarto Figueiredo M, Cristina Lisboa P, Gaspar de Moura E, Cesar Ferraz Lopes F, de Aguiar AS, Luquetti Dutra SCP. Maternal soy protein isolate diet during lactation programmes to higher metabolic risk in adult male offspring. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:954-964. [PMID: 32393141 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1754350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Soy consumption and its components, including its protein, are related to the beneficial effects of the lipid profile, decreased insulin resistance and glycaemia. However, the safety of the consumption of products containing phytoestrogens in critical stages of development has been questioned, since they may be associated with endocrine-metabolic dysfunctions in adult life. The purpose is to evaluate the effects of maternal dietary soy protein isolate (SPI) during lactation on the breast milk composition, body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles, and thyroid hormones of dams and offspring at weaning (21 days) and in adulthood (150 days). Lactating rats were divided into casein control (C) and SPI diet groups. At 150 days, the SPI offspring presented lower body protein mass and total mineral content, higher serum FT4, insulin, TC and TG. Maternal consumption of SPI during lactation programmes the progeny to higher metabolic risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maíra Schuchter Ferreira
- Depatment of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Adriana Moura Vieira
- Depatment of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sarto Figueiredo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Silva de Aguiar
- Depatment of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Jang IS, Choi MJ. Effects of Isoflavone Supplementation on Lipid Profiles and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Growing Rats Fed High Fat Diet. Clin Nutr Res 2019; 8:296-306. [PMID: 31720255 PMCID: PMC6826061 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2019.8.4.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isoflavone on serum lipids and antioxidant enzymes activities in growing rats fed high lard diet. Twenty four female Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 50–60 g) were divided into three groups, control, high fat (HF, lard 200 g/kg diet) and high fat + isoflavone (HFI, lard 200 g/kg diet + isoflavone 310.9 mg/kg diet) for 4 weeks. The results of study indicated that body weight gain was not different by isoflavone diet. Mean intake was significantly lower in HF group and HFI group than control group. Food efficiency ratio was significantly higher in HF group and HFI group than control group. The level of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly lower in HFI group than control group and HF group. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, was significantly higher in control group than HF group and HFI group. The level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not significantly different by experimental diets, but atherogenic index (AI) was significantly lower in control group and HFI group than HF group. Contents of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver tissues were found to be insignificant. The concentration of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde was significantly lower in control groups and HFI group than HF group. And antioxidant enzymes in liver tissue were not significantly different by lard and isoflavone supplemented diets. In conclusion, it seems possible that isoflavone supplemented high fat diet may produce positive results on level of serum triglyceride, serum total cholesterol, AI and concentration of malondialdyhyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sil Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Mj-Ja Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
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17
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Sharma A, Kim JW, Ku SK, Choi JS, Lee HJ. Anti-diabetic effects of blue honeyberry on high-fed-diet-induced type II diabetic mouse. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:367-376. [PMID: 31583055 PMCID: PMC6760985 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.5.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The blue honeysuckle berry (Lonicera caerulea var. edulis L.) is a small deciduous shrub belonging to the Caprifoliaceae family that is native to Russia, China, Japan, and Korea. The berry of this shrub is edible, sweet and juicy and is commonly known as the blue honeyberry (BHB). This study examined the anti-diabetic potential of BHB on high-fat-diet-induced mild diabetic mice. The hypoglycemic, and nephroprotective effects of the 12-week oral administration of blue honeyberry extract were analyzed. MATERIALS/METHODS The hypoglycemic effects were based on the observed changes in insulin, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Furthermore, the changes in the weight of the pancreas, including its histopathology and immunohistochemical investigation were also performed. Moreover, the nephroprotective effects were analyzed by observing the changes in kidney weight, its histopathology, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine levels. RESULTS The results showed that the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced control mice showed a noticeable increase in blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, BUN, and creatinine levels. Furthermore, growth was observed in lipid droplet deposition related to the degenerative lesions in the vacuolated renal tubules with the evident enlargement and hyperplasia of the pancreatic islets. In addition, in the endocrine pancreas, there was an increase in the insulin-and glucagon-producing cells, as well as in the insulin/glucagon cell ratios. On the other hand, compared to the HFD-treated mice group, all these diabetic and related complications were ameliorated significantly in a dose-dependent manner after 84 days of the continuous oral administration of BHBe at 400, 200 and 100 mg/kg, and a dramatic resettlement in the hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities was observed. CONCLUSIONS By assessing the key parameters for T2DM, the present study showed that the BHBe could act as a potential herbal agent to cure diabetes (type II) and associated ailments in HFD-induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Wan Kim
- Aribio Co. Ltd., #2-301, Pangyo Seven Venture Valley, Gyeonggi 13487, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongbuk 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, 140, Baegyang-daero 700beon-gil, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
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18
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Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is an abnormality of lipid metabolism, characterized by an elevation of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and/or a decreasing of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in circulating levels. Hyperlipidemia has been ranked as one of the greatest risk factors contributing to prevalence and severity of coronary heart diseases. Hyperlipidemia-associated lipid disorders are considered the cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. There has been a growing interest in natural products and their role in the maintenance and improvement of health and wellness. The cholesterol-lowering effect of dietary plants has been well studied and various natural products were shown to be helpful in lowering plasma cholesterol levels and encouraging safety profile. The main focus of this review is to describe what we know to date of natural products, along with their lipid-lowering mechanisms, which are either through inhibition of cholesterol absorption, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis or antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abeer Temraz
- b Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy , Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
- c Pharmacognosy Department , Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University , Nasr City , Cairo , Egypt
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19
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Palacios-González B, Vargas-Castillo A, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Vasquez-Reyes S, López P, Noriega LG, Aleman G, Tovar-Palacio C, Torre-Villalvazo I, Yang LJ, Zarain-Herzberg A, Torres N, Tovar AR. Genistein increases the thermogenic program of subcutaneous WAT and increases energy expenditure in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 68:59-68. [PMID: 31030168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) can differentiate into beige adipose tissue by the browning process. Some polyphenols, including isoflavones, particularly genistein, are suggested to increase the expression of browning markers. There is evidence that consumption of genistein can attenuate body weight gain and improve glucose tolerance and blood lipid levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential mechanisms of stimulation by which genistein activates the browning of WAT. We studied the stimulation of the expression of browning markers in the following models: mice fed genistein; preadipocytes from 3 T3-L1 cells; and the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from the inguinal adipose tissue of mice. The results indicated that genistein can stimulate the browning process by at least two mechanisms. An indirect mechanism was involved in the induction of PGC-1α/FNDC5 in skeletal muscle leading to an increase in the myokine irisin. In preadipocytes, irisin was able to increase the expression of Ucp1 and Tmem26, markers of browning, to increase energy expenditure. Interestingly, genistein was also able to activate browning by a direct mechanism. Incubation of preadipocytes with genistein increased UCP1 expression as well as some biomarkers of browning in a concentration-dependent manner, possibly via phosphorylation of AMPK. The effect of genistein was accompanied by an increase in the number of mitochondria as well as in the maximum respiration rate of the adipocytes. In conclusion, this study indicated that genistein can increase energy expenditure by stimulating the browning process directly in preadipocytes and indirectly by increasing the circulating levels of irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Palacios-González
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | | | - Sarai Vasquez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Patricia López
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Gabriela Aleman
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Claudia Tovar-Palacio
- Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Iván Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, D.F. 14080.
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20
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Stamatikos AD, Davis JE, Shay NF, Ajuwon KM, Deyhim F, Banz WJ. Consuming Diet Supplemented with Either Red Wheat Bran or Soy Extract Changes Glucose and Insulin Levels in Female Obese Zucker Rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 90:23-32. [PMID: 30843770 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the inability to regulate blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance, resulting in hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Research has shown that consuming soy and fiber may protect against type 2 diabetes mellitus. We performed a study to determine whether supplementing diet with soy extract (0.5% weight of diet) or fiber (as red wheat bran; 11.4% weight of diet) would decrease serum insulin and blood glucose levels in a pre-diabetic/metabolic syndrome animal model. In our study, female obese Zucker rats were fed either a control diet (n = 8) or control diet supplemented with either soy extract (n = 7) or red wheat bran (n = 8) for seven weeks. Compared to rats consuming control diet, rats fed treatment diets had significantly lower (p-value < 0.05) fasting serum insulin (control = 19.34±1.6; soy extract = 11.1±1.54; red wheat bran = 12.4±1.11) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance values (control = 2.16±0.22; soy extract = 1.22±0.21; red wheat bran = 1.54±0.16). Non-fasted blood glucose was also significantly lower (p-value < 0.05) in rats fed treatment diets compared to rats consuming control diet at weeks four (control = 102.63±5.67; soy extract = 80.14±2.13; red wheat bran = 82.63±3.16), six (control = 129.5±10.83; soy extract = 89.14±2.48; red wheat bran = 98.13±3.54), and seven (control = 122.25±8.95; soy extract = 89.14±4.52; red wheat bran = 84.75±4.15). Daily intake of soy extract and red wheat bran may protect against type 2 diabetes mellitus by maintaining normal glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D Stamatikos
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Jeremy E Davis
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Neil F Shay
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Farzad Deyhim
- Department of Human Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - William J Banz
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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21
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López P, Sánchez M, Perez-Cruz C, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Syeda T, Aguilar-López M, Rocha-Viggiano AK, Del Carmen Silva-Lucero M, Torre-Villalvazo I, Noriega LG, Torres N, Tovar AR. Long-Term Genistein Consumption Modifies Gut Microbiota, Improving Glucose Metabolism, Metabolic Endotoxemia, and Cognitive Function in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800313. [PMID: 29979819 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to assess whether the long-term addition of genistein to a high-fat diet can ameliorate the metabolic and the cognitive alterations and whether the changes can be associated with modifications to the gut microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS C57/BL6 mice were fed either a control (C) diet, a high-fat (HF) diet, or a high-fat diet containing genistein (HFG) for 6 months. During the study, indirect calorimetry, IP glucose tolerance tests, and behavioral analyses were performed. At the end of the study, plasma, liver, brain, and fecal samples were collected. The results showed that mice fed the HFG diet gained less weight, had lower serum triglycerides, and an improvement in glucose tolerance than those fed an HF diet. Mice fed the HFG diet also modified the gut microbiota that was associated with lower circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver compared to those fed HF diet. The reduction in LPS by the consumption of genistein was accompanied by an improvement of the cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Genistein is able to regulate the gut microbiota, reducing metabolic endotoxemia and decreasing the neuroinflammatory response despite the consumption of a HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia López
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mónica Sánchez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Perez-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura A Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miriam Aguilar-López
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana K Rocha-Viggiano
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Del Carmen Silva-Lucero
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lilia G Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI, 14080, Ciudad de México, México
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22
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Vieira AM, de Almeida Brasiel PG, Ferreira MS, Mateus K, Figueiredo MS, Lisboa PC, de Moura EG, do Amaral Corrêa JO, Lopes FCF, da Silva PHF, Sabarense CM, Dutra SCPL, de Aguiar AS. Maternal soybean diet during lactation alters breast milk composition and programs the lipid profile in adult male rat offspring. Endocrine 2018; 60:272-281. [PMID: 29520624 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of maternal dietary soybean during lactation on the milk composition, body composition, lipid profile and glucose homeostasis of dams and offspring at weaning (21 days) and adulthood (150 days). METHODS Lactating rats were divided into: casein control (C): casein diet; soy (S): soybean diet; soy oil control (SOC): casein diet, but with fat content similar to the S group. RESULTS At 21 days, S mothers showed lower estradiol, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) in serum; and lower TC and TG in milk. The S offspring had lower body weight, body fat mass, TC, LDL, hyperleptinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. At 150 days, S offspring presented higher total mineral content and lower TC (v. SOC) and LDL (v. C and SOC), and hyperinsulinemia with lower glycemia v. SOC group, which had lower insulinemia with higher glycemia, TC and LDL. CONCLUSIONS Maternal intake of soybeans in lactation changes the lipid content of breast milk and programmed offspring for phenotype of the lower metabolic risk, with lower serum TC and LDL, and seems to protect the progeny of alterations in glucose metabolism despite the higher lipid content. The difference in fat content of breast milk and the higher isoflavones content of soy diet are possible imprinting factors that could program the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Moura Vieira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kacia Mateus
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sarto Figueiredo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aline Silva de Aguiar
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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23
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Dirkes RK, Richard MW, Meers GM, Butteiger DN, Krul ES, Thyfault JP, Rector RS, Hinton PS. Soy Protein Isolate Suppresses Bone Resorption and Improves Trabecular Microarchitecture in Spontaneously Hyperphagic, Rapidly Growing Male OLETF Rats. Curr Dev Nutr 2018; 2:nzy010. [PMID: 30019033 PMCID: PMC6041976 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, milk proteins have been recommended for skeletal health; recently, soy proteins have emerged as popular alternatives. Excess adiposity appears detrimental to skeletal health, as obese adolescents have increased fracture rates compared with healthy controls. However, soy protein effects on skeletal health during excess adiposity remain unknown. OBJECTIVE The study objective was to examine the effects of isocaloric diets containing milk protein isolate (MPI), soy protein isolate (SPI), or a 50/50 combination (MIX) as the sole protein source on metabolic health indicators and bone outcomes in rapidly growing, hyperphagic, male Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. METHODS OLETF rats, aged 4 wk, were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (MPI, SPI, or MIX, n = 20 per group) and provided with access to experimental diets ad libitum for 16 wk. RESULTS Body mass did not differ between the groups, but SPI had lower percentage body fat than MPI (P = 0.026). Insulin was lower in MPI than in MIX (P = 0.033) or SPI (P = 0.044), but fasting blood glucose was not different between the groups. SPI significantly reduced serum cholesterol compared with MPI (P = 0.001) and MIX (P = 0.002). N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) was higher in MIX than MPI (P = 0.05); C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTx) was higher in MPI than SPI (P < 0.001) and MIX (P < 0.001); the P1NP to CTx ratio was significantly higher in SPI and MIX than in MPI (P < 0.001). Trabecular separation was reduced in SPI compared with MPI (P = 0.030) and MIX (P = 0.008); trabecular number was increased in SPI compared with MIX (P = 0.038). No differences were seen in cortical geometry and biomechanical properties. CONCLUSIONS In the context of excess adiposity, soy- and milk-based proteins have comparable effects on cortical bone geometry and biomechanical properties, whereas soy-based proteins favorably affect the trabecular microarchitecture, and the combination of both proteins may offer additional benefits to bone remodeling in rapidly growing male OLETF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Dirkes
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Matthew W Richard
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Grace M Meers
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | | | | | - John P Thyfault
- University of Kansas Medical Center and Kansas City VA, Kansas City, MO
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Pamela S Hinton
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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24
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Hiebl V, Ladurner A, Latkolik S, Dirsch VM. Natural products as modulators of the nuclear receptors and metabolic sensors LXR, FXR and RXR. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1657-1698. [PMID: 29548878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) represent attractive targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome-related diseases. In addition, natural products are an interesting pool of potential ligands since they have been refined under evolutionary pressure to interact with proteins or other biological targets. This review aims to briefly summarize current basic knowledge regarding the liver X (LXR) and farnesoid X receptors (FXR) that form permissive heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXR). Natural product-based ligands for these receptors are summarized and the potential of LXR, FXR and RXR as targets in precision medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hiebl
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Ladurner
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Simone Latkolik
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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25
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Torre-Villalvazo I, Cervantes-Pérez LG, Noriega LG, Jiménez JV, Uribe N, Chávez-Canales M, Tovar-Palacio C, Marfil-Garza BA, Torres N, Bobadilla NA, Tovar AR, Gamba G. Inactivation of SPAK kinase reduces body weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet by improving energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E53-E65. [PMID: 29066461 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00108.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase (SPAK) controls the activity of the electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporters (SLC12 family) and thus physiological processes such as modulation of cell volume, intracellular chloride concentration [Cl-]i, and transepithelial salt transport. Modulation of SPAK kinase activity may have an impact on hypertension and obesity, as STK39, the gene encoding SPAK, has been suggested as a hypertension and obesity susceptibility gene. In fact, the absence of SPAK activity in mice in which the activating threonine in the T loop was substituted by alanine (SPAK-KI mice) is associated with decreased blood pressure; however its consequences in metabolism have not been explored. Here, we fed wild-type and homozygous SPAK-KI mice a high-fat diet for 17 wk to evaluate weight gain, circulating substrates and hormones, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. SPAK-KI mice exhibit resistance to HFD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis associated with increased energy expenditure, higher thermogenic activity in brown adipose tissue, increased mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle, and reduced white adipose tissue hypertrophy mediated by augmented whole body insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Our data reveal a previously unrecognized role for the SPAK kinase in the regulation of energy balance, thermogenesis, and insulin sensitivity, suggesting that this kinase could be a new drug target for the treatment of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lilia G Noriega
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose V Jiménez
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Uribe
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , México City, Mexico
| | - María Chávez-Canales
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Tovar-Palacio
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Braulio A Marfil-Garza
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma A Bobadilla
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City, Mexico
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y de Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
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26
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Dietary soya protein improves intra-myocardial lipid deposition and altered glucose metabolism in a hypertensive, dyslipidaemic, insulin-resistant rat model. Br J Nutr 2017; 119:131-142. [PMID: 29268800 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451700321x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of replacing dietary casein by soya protein on the underlying mechanisms involved in the impaired metabolic fate of glucose and lipid metabolisms in the heart of dyslipidaemic rats chronically fed (8 months) a sucrose-rich (62·5 %) diet (SRD). To test this hypothesis, Wistar rats were fed an SRD for 4 months. From months 4 to 8, half the animals continued with the SRD and the other half were fed an SRD in which casein was substituted by soya. The control group received a diet with maize starch as the carbohydrate source. Compared with the SRD-fed group, the following results were obtained. First, soya protein significantly (P<0·001) reduced the plasma NEFA levels and normalised dyslipidaemia and glucose homoeostasis, improving insulin resistance. The protein levels of fatty acid translocase at basal state and under insulin stimulation and the protein levels and activity of muscle-type carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were normalised. Second, a significant (P<0·001) reduction of TAG, long-chain acyl CoA and diacylglycerol levels was observed in the heart muscle. Third, soya protein significantly increased (P<0·01) GLUT4 protein level under insulin stimulation and normalised glucose phosphorylation and oxidation. A reduction of phosphorylated AMP protein kinase protein level was recorded without changes in uncoupling protein 2 and PPARα. Fourth, hydroxyproline concentration decreased in the left ventricle and hypertension was normalised. The new information provided shows the beneficial effects of soya protein upon the altered pathways of glucose and lipid metabolism in the heart muscle of this rat model.
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27
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Characterization of the post-prandial insulinemic response and low glycaemic index of a soy beverage. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182762. [PMID: 28793331 PMCID: PMC5549974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is recognized as rich source of bioactive compounds for the improvement of glucose homeostasis. However, the post-prandial mechanisms of action have not been extensively described. The aim of this study is to determine the changes in glucose homeostasis and related factors after acute intake of a soy beverage. Twenty-nine subjects (15 women and 14 men, with an average age of 19.5 ± 1.2) ingested 500 mL of water, glucose (20.5 g/500 mL) and soy beverage (20 g of carbohydrate) in three separate sessions. Capillary blood glucose was monitored every 15 min until 120 min post-prandial, and blood samples were collected at baseline and after 60 min for insulin, incretin, free amino acids, antioxidant capacity and inflammation marker analysis. The increase in capillary glucose after soy-beverage intake was negligible. This is explained in part by an increase in 83% in insulin levels than induced with glucose alone, which is mainly mediated by a low insulin degradation ratio (determined by c-peptide ratio), incretins and likely also by the modulation of the antioxidant environment. No associations were observed between the insulin levels and soy amino acid uptake. It could be concluded that the acute low glycaemic response of a soy beverage may involves a relationship between incretin and insulin secretion and insulin degradation.
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28
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Velázquez-Villegas LA, Tovar-Palacio C, Palacios-González B, Torres N, Tovar AR, Díaz-Villaseñor A. Recycling of glucagon receptor to plasma membrane increases in adipocytes of obese rats by soy protein; implications for glucagon resistance. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Velázquez-Villegas
- Departmento de Fisiología de la Nutrición; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Claudia Tovar-Palacio
- Departmento de Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Berenice Palacios-González
- Departmento de Fisiología de la Nutrición; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departmento de Fisiología de la Nutrición; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departmento de Fisiología de la Nutrición; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departmento de Fisiología de la Nutrición; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Mexico City Mexico
- Departmento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico City Mexico
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29
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Nemati M, Zardooz H, Rostamkhani F, Abadi A, Foroughi F. High-fat diet effects on metabolic responses to chronic stress. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:182-191. [PMID: 28276709 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1295083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT High-fat diets and chronic stress are prevalent risk factors for various chronic diseases in modern societies. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of high-fat diet on glucose-related metabolic responses to chronic foot-shock stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male rats were divided into high-fat diet (containing 54.21% saturated and 44.89% unsaturated fatty acids) and normal diet groups and then into stress and non-stress subgroups. The diets were applied for 5 weeks, and stress was induced during the last week of the diet course. Plasma levels of metabolic parameters, HOMA-IR index, intra-abdominal fat weight, and islets' insulin secretion were assessed. RESULTS High-fat diet increased abdominal fat weight and plasma leptin, and insulin levels in response to stress without affecting HOMA-IR index and islets' insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS High proportion of unsaturated fat may not lead to deleterious metabolic responses; however combined with chronic stress has a synergistic and adverse effect on visceral adiposity and results in elevated plasma leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Nemati
- a Neurophysiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Homeira Zardooz
- a Neurophysiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- b Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rostamkhani
- c Department of Biology , College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Abadi
- d Department of Community Medicine , School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and
| | - Forough Foroughi
- e Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Gene-Diet Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes: The Chicken and Egg Debate. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061188. [PMID: 28574454 PMCID: PMC5486011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consistent evidence from both experimental and human studies indicates that Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease resulting from the interaction of genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Nutrients and dietary patterns are important environmental factors to consider in the prevention, development and treatment of this disease. Nutritional genomics focuses on the interaction between bioactive food components and the genome and includes studies of nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and epigenetic modifications caused by nutrients. There is evidence supporting the existence of nutrient-gene and T2DM interactions coming from animal studies and family-based intervention studies. Moreover, many case-control, cohort, cross-sectional cohort studies and clinical trials have identified relationships between individual genetic load, diet and T2DM. Some of these studies were on a large scale. In addition, studies with animal models and human observational studies, in different countries over periods of time, support a causative relationship between adverse nutritional conditions during in utero development, persistent epigenetic changes and T2DM. This review provides comprehensive information on the current state of nutrient-gene interactions and their role in T2DM pathogenesis, the relationship between individual genetic load and diet, and the importance of epigenetic factors in influencing gene expression and defining the individual risk of T2DM.
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31
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Choi JS, Kim JW, Park JB, Pyo SE, Hong YK, Ku SK, Kim MR. Blood glycemia-modulating effects of melanian snail protein hydrolysates in mice with type II diabetes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:1437-1451. [PMID: 28487991 PMCID: PMC5428967 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater animal proteins have long been used as nutrient supplements. In this study, melanian snail (Semisulcospira libertina) protein hydrolysates (MPh) were found to exert anti-diabetic and protective effects against liver and kidney damage in mice with type II diabetes adapted to a 45% kcal high-fat diet (HFD). The hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of MPh were analyzed after 12 weeks of the continuous oral administration of MPh at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg. Diabetic control mice exhibited an increase in body weight, and blood glucose and insulin levels, with a decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. In addition, an increase in the regions of steatohepatitis, hepatocyte hypertrophy, and lipid droplet deposit-related renal tubular vacuolation degenerative lesions were detected, with noticeable expansion and hyperplasia of the pancreatic islets, and an increase in glucagon- and insulin-producing cells, insulin/glucagon cell ratios in the endocrine pancreas and hepatic lipid peroxidation, as well as decreased zymogen contents. Furthermore, a deterioration of the endogenous antioxidant defense system was observed, with reduced glucose utilization related hepatic glucokinase (GK) activity and an increase in hepatic gluconeogenesis-related phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase) activity. However, all of these diabetic complications were significantly inhibited by oral treatment with MPh in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the marked dose-dependent inhibition of hepatic lipid peroxidation, the depletion of the liver endogenous antioxidant defense system, and changes in hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities were also observed. The results of this study suggest that MPh exerts potent anti-diabetic effects, along with the amelioration of related complications in mice with type II diabetes. The overall effects of MPh at a dose of 125 mg/kg on HFD-induced diabetes and related complications were similar or more potent than those of metformin (250 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Suk Choi
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Wan Kim
- Aribio Inc., Byeoksan Digital Valley, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07286, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Been Park
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Pyo
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ryung Kim
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
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López-Barradas A, González-Cid T, Vázquez N, Gavi-Maza M, Reyes-Camacho A, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Ramírez V, Zandi-Nejad K, Mount DB, Torres N, Tovar AR, Romero MF, Gamba G, Plata C. Insulin and SGK1 reduce the function of Na+/monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SMCT1/SLC5A8). Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C720-C734. [PMID: 27488665 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00104.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SMCTs move several important fuel molecules that are involved in lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism, but their regulation has been poorly studied. Insulin controls the translocation of several solutes that are involved in energetic cellular metabolism, including glucose. We studied the effect of insulin on the function of human SMCT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The addition of insulin reduced α-keto-isocaproate (KIC)-dependent 22Na+ uptake by 29%. Consistent with this result, the coinjection of SMCT1 with SGK1 cRNA decreased the KIC-dependent 22Na+ uptake by 34%. The reduction of SMCT1 activity by SGK1 depends on its kinase activity, and it was observed that the coinjection of SMCT1 with S442D-SGK1 (a constitutively active mutant) decreased the KIC-dependent 22Na+ uptake by 50%. In contrast, an SMCT1 coinjection with K127M-SGK1 (an inactive mutant) had no effect on the KIC-dependent Na+ uptake. The decreasing SMCT1 function by insulin or SGK1 was corroborated by measuring [1-14C]acetate uptake and the electric currents of SMCT1-injected oocytes. Previously, we found that SMCT2/Slc5a12-mRNA, but not SMCT1/Slc5a8-mRNA, is present in zebrafish pancreas (by in situ hybridization); however, SLC5a8 gene silencing was associated with the development of human pancreatic cancer. We confirmed that the mRNA and protein of both transporters were present in rat pancreas using RT-PCR with specific primers, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, significant propionate-dependent 22Na+ uptake occurred in pancreatic islets and was reduced by insulin treatment. Our data indicate that human SMCT1 is regulated by insulin and SGK1 and that both SMCTs are present in the mammalian pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana López-Barradas
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tania González-Cid
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Vázquez
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.,Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisol Gavi-Maza
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Reyes-Camacho
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura A Velázquez-Villegas
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victoria Ramírez
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - David B Mount
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael F Romero
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.,Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Plata
- Department of Nephrology & Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico;
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Torres N, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Noriega LG, Torre-Villalvazo I, Leal-Díaz AM, Antunes-Ricardo M, Márquez-Mota C, Ordaz G, Chavez-Santoscoy RA, Serna-Saldivar SO, Tovar AR. The effect of isorhamnetin glycosides extracted from Opuntia ficus-indica in a mouse model of diet induced obesity. Food Funct 2016; 6:805-15. [PMID: 25588195 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01092b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A diet rich in polyphenols can ameliorate some metabolic alterations associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) is a plant rich in isorhamnetin glycosides and is highly consumed in Mexico. The purpose of this research was to determine the metabolic effect of an OFI extract on a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and in isolated pancreatic islets. OFI extract was added to a high fat (HF) diet at a low (0.3%) or high (0.6%) dose and administered to C57BL/6 mice for 12 weeks. Mice fed the HF diet supplemented with the OFI extract gained less body weight and exhibited significantly lower circulating total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol compared to those fed the HF diet alone. The HF-OFI diet fed mice presented lower glucose and insulin concentration than the HF diet fed mice. However, the HF-OFI diet fed mice tended to have higher insulin concentration than control mice. The OFI extract stimulated insulin secretion in vitro, associated with increased glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mRNA content. Furthermore, the OFI extract improved glucose tolerance, and additionally increased energy expenditure. These metabolic improvements were associated with reduced adipocyte size, increased hepatic IRS1 tyr-608 and S6 K thr-389 phosphorylation. OFI isorhamnetin glycosides also diminished the hepatic lipid content associated with reduced mRNA expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and lipogenic enzymes and increased mRNA expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation. Overall, the OFI extract prevented the development of metabolic abnormalities associated with diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL, México
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Dietary soy and meat proteins induce distinct physiological and gene expression changes in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20036. [PMID: 26857845 PMCID: PMC4746574 DOI: 10.1038/srep20036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on a comprehensive comparison of the effects of soy and meat proteins given at the recommended level on physiological markers of metabolic syndrome and the hepatic transcriptome. Male rats were fed semi-synthetic diets for 1 wk that differed only regarding protein source, with casein serving as reference. Body weight gain and adipose tissue mass were significantly reduced by soy but not meat proteins. The insulin resistance index was improved by soy, and to a lesser extent by meat proteins. Liver triacylglycerol contents were reduced by both protein sources, which coincided with increased plasma triacylglycerol concentrations. Both soy and meat proteins changed plasma amino acid patterns. The expression of 1571 and 1369 genes were altered by soy and meat proteins respectively. Functional classification revealed that lipid, energy and amino acid metabolic pathways, as well as insulin signaling pathways were regulated differently by soy and meat proteins. Several transcriptional regulators, including NFE2L2, ATF4, Srebf1 and Rictor were identified as potential key upstream regulators. These results suggest that soy and meat proteins induce distinct physiological and gene expression responses in rats and provide novel evidence and suggestions for the health effects of different protein sources in human diets.
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Fermentation of Green Tea with 2% Aquilariae lignum Increases the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Green Tea Aqueous Extracts in the High Fat-Fed Mouse. Nutrients 2015; 7:9046-78. [PMID: 26540072 PMCID: PMC4663575 DOI: 10.3390/nu7115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-diabetic effects on the metabolomic differences between green tea (GT) and Aquilariae lignum-fermented green tea (fGT) were investigated in the high fat-fed mouse. To prove the differences, hypoglycemic (blood glucose, insulin and glycated hemoglobin levels, pancreas weights and histopathological-immunohistochemistrical analysis of pancreas–insulin/glucagon cells), hepato- and nephron-protective (the changes in liver and kidney weight, histopathology of liver and kidney, serum aminotransferases (AST and ALT) levels, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels), and hypolipidemic (the changes of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low- and high-density lipoprotein levels with fecal TC and TG contents) effects were evaluated. In addition, liver lipid peroxidation, the glutathione contents, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were measured according to the hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities of glucokinase (GK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) for action mechanisms. As a result, fGT showed a stronger hypoglycemic, hepato- and nephron-protective, hypolipidemic, and anti-oxidant effect than GT in high fat-fed mice. In addition, fGT-treated mice exerted more favorable inhibitory activities against GK, G6pase, PERCK activities as compared to GT-treated mice. Taken together, fGT fermented with Aquilariae lignum, 1:49 (2%; g/g) has a stronger effect compared with GT. Therefore, fGT has the potential to increase bioactivity against type 2 diabetics.
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Madani Z, Sener A, Malaisse WJ, Dalila AY. Sardine protein diet increases plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels and prevents tissue oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7017-26. [PMID: 26398482 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated whether sardine protein mitigates the adverse effects of fructose on plasma glucagon‑like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and oxidative stress in rats. Rats were fed casein (C) or sardine protein (S) with or without high‑fructose (HF) for 2 months. Plasma glucose, insulin, GLP‑1, lipid and protein oxidation and antioxidant enzymes were assayed. HF rats developed obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and oxidative stress despite reduced energy and food intakes. High plasma creatinine and uric acid levels, in addition to albuminuria were observed in the HF groups. The S‑HF diet reduced plasma glucose, insulin, creatinine, uric acid and homeostasis model assessment‑insulin resistance index levels, however increased GLP‑1 levels compared with the C‑HF diet. Hydroperoxides were reduced in the liver, kidney, heart and muscle of S‑HF fed rats compared with C‑HF fed rats. A reduction in liver, kidney and heart carbonyls was observed in S‑HF fed rats compared with C‑HF fed rats. Reduced levels of nitric oxide (NO) were detected in the liver, kidney and heart of the S‑HF fed rats compared with C‑HF fed rats. The S diet compared with the C diet reduced levels of liver hydroperoxides, heart carbonyls and kidney NO. The S‑HF diet compared with the C‑HF diet increased the levels of liver and kidney superoxide dismutase, liver and muscle catalase, liver, heart and muscle glutathione peroxidase and liver ascorbic acid. The S diet prevented and reversed insulin resistance and oxidative stress, and may have benefits in patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Madani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Abdullah Sener
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels B‑1070, Belgium
| | - Willy J Malaisse
- Department of Biochemistry, Free University of Brussels, Brussels B‑1070, Belgium
| | - Ait Yahia Dalila
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran, Oran 31000, Algeria
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Sedaghat A, Shahbazian H, Haidari F, Payami SP, Jahanshahi A, Latifi SM. The Effect of Soy Nuts on Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile and Insulin-Resistance in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojemd.2015.51001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Oh HG, Kang YR, Lee HY, Kim JH, Shin EH, Lee BG, Park SH, Moon DI, Kim OJ, Lee IA, Choi J, Lee JE, Park KH, Suh JW. Ameliorative effects of Monascus pilosus-fermented black soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) on high-fat diet-induced obesity. J Med Food 2014; 17:972-8. [PMID: 25115132 PMCID: PMC4152779 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the antiobesity effects of Monascus pilosus-fermented black soybean (F-BS) in C57BL/6 mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. F-BS (oral, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg per body weight, twice per day) ameliorated obesity by reducing body and liver weight increases, and regulating blood glucose and cholesterol levels in C57BL/6 mice fed a control or HFD with oral administration of F-BS for 12 weeks. F-BS suppressed the growth of epididymal, retroperitoneal, and perirenal fat pads by preventing increases in the adipocyte size. Moreover, the levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol, and leptin were significantly lowered by F-BS administration in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that F-BS is a beneficial food supplement for preventing obesity, controlling blood glucose, and lowering cholesterol. Future research strategies should address the mechanisms that selectively regulate obesity, including hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ok-Jin Kim
- Animal Disease Research Unit, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- Center for Animal Resources Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - In-Ae Lee
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jongkeun Choi
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chungwoon University, Hongseoung, Korea
| | - Ji-Ean Lee
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Park
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Development, Nambu University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, College of Natural Science, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
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López-Romero P, Pichardo-Ontiveros E, Avila-Nava A, Vázquez-Manjarrez N, Tovar AR, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Torres N. The effect of nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) on postprandial blood glucose, incretins, and antioxidant activity in Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes after consumption of two different composition breakfasts. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:1811-8. [PMID: 25132122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.06.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nopal is a plant used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat diabetes. However, there is insufficient scientific evidence to demonstrate whether nopal can regulate postprandial glucose. The purpose for conducting this study was to evaluate the glycemic index, insulinemic index, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) index, and the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) index, and the effect of nopal on patients with type 2 diabetes after consumption of a high-carbohydrate breakfast (HCB) or high-soy-protein breakfast (HSPB) on the postprandial response of glucose, insulin, GIP, GLP-1, and antioxidant activity. In study 1, the glycemic index, insulinemic index, GIP index, and GLP-1 index were calculated for seven healthy participants who consumed 50 g of available carbohydrates from glucose or dehydrated nopal. In study 2, 14 patients with type 2 diabetes consumed nopal in HCB or HSPB with or without 300 g steamed nopal. The glycemic index of nopal was 32.5±4, insulinemic index was 36.1±6, GIP index was 6.5±3.0, and GLP-1 index was 25.9±18. For those patients with type 2 diabetes who consumed the HCB+nopal, there was significantly lower area under the curve for glucose (287±30) than for those who consumed the HCB only (443±49), and lower incremental area under the curve for insulin (5,952±833 vs 7,313±1,090), and those patients with type 2 diabetes who consumed the HSPB avoided postprandial blood glucose peaks. Consumption of the HSPB+nopal significantly reduced the postprandial peaks of GIP concentration at 30 and 45 minutes and increased the antioxidant activity after 2 hours measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidracyl method. These findings suggest that nopal could reduce postprandial blood glucose, serum insulin, and plasma GIP peaks, as well as increase antioxidant activity in healthy people and patients with type 2 diabetes.
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40
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Oh YS, Jun HS. Role of bioactive food components in diabetes prevention: effects on Beta-cell function and preservation. Nutr Metab Insights 2014; 7:51-9. [PMID: 25092987 PMCID: PMC4116378 DOI: 10.4137/nmi.s13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds found in fruits and vegetables can have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects and can be protective against various diseases and metabolic disorders. These beneficial effects make them good candidates for the development of new functional foods with potential protective and preventive properties for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes the most relevant results concerning the effects of various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, vitamins, and carotenoids on several aspects of beta-cell functionality. Studies using animal models with induced diabetes and diabetic patients support the hypothesis that bioactive compounds could ameliorate diabetic phenotypes. Published data suggest that there might be direct effects of bioactive compounds on enhancing insulin secretion and preventing beta-cell apoptosis, and some compounds might modulate beta-cell proliferation. Further research is needed to establish any clinical effects of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Sin Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea. ; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea. ; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea. ; College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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41
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Mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of soy protein in improving the metabolic abnormalities in the liver and skeletal muscle of dyslipemic insulin resistant rats. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:407-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Soya protein stimulates bile acid excretion by the liver and intestine through direct and indirect pathways influenced by the presence of dietary cholesterol. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:2059-66. [PMID: 24666631 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Several studies using different animal models have demonstrated that the consumption of soya protein (SP) reduces serum cholesterol concentrations by increasing the excretion of bile acids (BA). However, the mechanism by which SP enhances BA excretion is not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether the consumption of SP regulates the expression of key enzymes involved in hepatic BA synthesis and the transporters involved in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) via fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) and/or small heterodimer protein (SHP) in rats. To achieve this aim, four groups of rats were fed experimental diets containing 20 % casein (C) or SP with or without the addition of 0·2 % cholesterol and the expression of hepatic genes involved in BA synthesis and the ileal and hepatic RCT was measured. Rats fed the SP diet had higher concentrations of ileal FGF15 and hepatic FGF15 receptor (FGFR4) and increased expression of SHP and liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH1) than those fed the C diet; as a result, the excretion of faecal BA was greater. The addition of cholesterol to the diet repressed the protein abundance of FGF15 and FGFR4; however, SP increased the expression of SHP and LRH1 to a lesser extent. Nonetheless, the expression of ABCG5/8 was increased in the intestine of rats fed the SP diet, and the effect was enhanced by the addition of cholesterol to the diet. In conclusion, SP in the presence of cholesterol increases BA synthesis via the repressions of FGF15 and SHP and accelerates BA excretion to prevent cholesterol overload in the enterocytes by increasing RCT.
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Bae CR, Kwon DY, Cha YS. Anti-obesity effects of traditional and standardized meju in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 54:45-50. [PMID: 24426190 PMCID: PMC3882484 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of two types of meju in diet induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Animals were randomly divided into 4 dietary group (n = 10); normal diet, high fat diet with 30% soybean, high fat diet with 30% traditional meju, high fat diet with 30% standardized meju. After 16 weeks, after animals were sacrificed. It was observed that the high fat diet with 30% traditional meju and high fat diet with 30% standardized meju significantly reduced body weight gain, epididymal fat weight, serum triglyceride along with serum insulin and leptin levels compared to the high fat diet with 30% soybean. And also, the expression levels of hepatic lipid anabolic genes were significantly decreased in the high fat diet with 30% traditional meju and high fat diet with 30% standardized meju compared to the high fat diet with 30% soybean. In conclusion, the assessment of all the obesity markers strongly advocate the anti-obesity effect of traditional as well as standardized meju in diet induce obesity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Rong Bae
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Research Institute of Humans Ecology, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Kwon
- Korea Food Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Research Institute of Humans Ecology, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Choi WH, Um MY, Ahn J, Jung CH, Ha TY. Long-term intake of rice improves insulin sensitivity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutrition 2014; 30:920-7. [PMID: 24985012 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rice as a carbohydrate source and its molecular mechanisms on insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS C57 BL/6 J mice were divided into three groups and were fed a low-fat diet (LFD); a HFD (with 18% fat, 0.5% cholesterol, 51.5% w/w cornstarch and sucrose); or a HFD with rice (HFD-CR, with 18% fat, 0.5% cholesterol and 51.5% w/w rice powder) for 12 wk. In the HFD-CR diet, cooked rice powder was substituted for cornstarch and sucrose in the HFD as a carbohydrate source. RESULTS HFD-CR-fed mice had significantly lower body weight, blood glucose, insulin and leptin levels and ameliorated glucose responses with decreased homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance compared with HFD-fed mice. Hepatic mRNA levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase were down-regulated in the HFD-CR group. The hypertrophied islet size and the decreased pancreatic mRNA expression of glucose transporter 2 in the HFD group were normalized with cooked rice consumption. Rice promoted glucose uptake by activating AMP-activated protein kinase and downstream glucose transporter 4 in the skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION Rice consumption as a carbohydrate source might potentiate improvements in glucose uptake via AMP-activated protein kinase activation and glucose transporter 4 expression in the skeletal muscles, thereby improving insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hee Choi
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Um
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Division of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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The renin-angiotensin system in adipose tissue and its metabolic consequences during obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:2003-15. [PMID: 24120291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide disease that is accompanied by several metabolic abnormalities such as hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The accelerated adipose tissue growth and fat cell hypertrophy during the onset of obesity precedes adipocyte dysfunction. One of the features of adipocyte dysfunction is dysregulated adipokine secretion, which leads to an imbalance of pro-inflammatory, pro-atherogenic versus anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing adipokines. The production of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components by adipocytes is exacerbated during obesity, contributing to the systemic RAS and its consequences. Increased adipose tissue RAS has been described in various models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) including fructose and high-fat feeding. Up-regulation of the adipose RAS by DIO promotes inflammation, lipogenesis and reactive oxygen species generation and impairs insulin signaling, all of which worsen the adipose environment. Consequently, the increase of circulating RAS, for which adipose tissue is partially responsible, represents a link between hypertension, insulin resistance in diabetes and inflammation during obesity. However, other nutrients and food components such as soy protein attenuate adipose RAS, decrease adiposity, and improve adipocyte functionality. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which adipose RAS modulates systemic RAS and how it is enhanced in obesity, which will explain the simultaneous development of metabolic syndrome alterations. Finally, dietary interventions that prevent obesity and adipocyte dysfunction will maintain normal RAS concentrations and effects, thus preventing metabolic diseases that are associated with RAS enhancement.
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Siriwardhana N, Kalupahana NS, Cekanova M, LeMieux M, Greer B, Moustaid-Moussa N. Modulation of adipose tissue inflammation by bioactive food compounds. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:613-23. [PMID: 23498665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has an important endocrine function in the regulation of whole-body metabolism. Obesity leads to a chronic low-grade inflammation of the adipose tissue, which disrupts this endocrine function and results in metabolic derangements, such as type-2 diabetes. Dietary bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols and certain fatty acids, are known to suppress both systemic and adipose tissue inflammation and have the potential to improve these obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Mechanistically, polyphenolic compounds including non-flavonoids, such as curcumin and resveratrol, and flavonoids, such as catechins (tea-polyphenols), quercetin and isoflavones, suppress nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (MAPK) pathways while activating the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in adipose tissue. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), such as oleic acid, also impart anti-inflammatory effects through several mechanisms. These include activation of AMPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), as well as suppression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NF-κB pathway. This review discusses the major molecular mechanisms of dietary polyphenols and fatty acids, alone or in combination, which are responsible for adipose tissue-associated anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin Siriwardhana
- Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1240, USA
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Palacios-González B, Zarain-Herzberg A, Flores-Galicia I, Noriega LG, Alemán-Escondrillas G, Zariñan T, Ulloa-Aguirre A, Torres N, Tovar AR. Genistein stimulates fatty acid oxidation in a leptin receptor-independent manner through the JAK2-mediated phosphorylation and activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:132-40. [PMID: 24013029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a public health problem that contributes to the development of insulin resistance, which is associated with an excessive accumulation of lipids in skeletal muscle tissue. There is evidence that soy protein can decrease the ectopic accumulation of lipids and improves insulin sensitivity; however, it is unknown whether soy isoflavones, particularly genistein, can stimulate fatty acid oxidation in the skeletal muscle. Thus, we studied the mechanism by which genistein stimulates fatty acid oxidation in the skeletal muscle. We showed that genistein induced the expression of genes of fatty acid oxidation in the skeletal muscle of Zucker fa/fa rats and in leptin receptor (ObR)-silenced C2C12 myotubes through AMPK phosphorylation. Furthermore, the genistein-mediated AMPK phosphorylation occurred via JAK2, which was possibly activated through a mechanism that involved cAMP. Additionally, the genistein-mediated induction of fatty acid oxidation genes involved PGC1α and PPARδ. As a result, we observed that genistein increased fatty acid oxidation in both the control and silenced C2C12 myotubes, as well as a decrease in the RER in mice, suggesting that genistein can be used in strategies to decrease lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Palacios-González
- Posgrado Ciencias Bioquímicas, Facultad de Química, UNAM, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F. 14000, Mexico
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Kwak JH, Kim M, Lee E, Lee SH, Ahn CW, Lee JH. Effects of black soy peptide supplementation on blood pressure and oxidative stress: a randomized controlled trial. Hypertens Res 2013; 36:1060-6. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Díaz-Villaseñor A, Granados O, González-Palacios B, Tovar-Palacio C, Torre-Villalvazo I, Olivares-García V, Torres N, Tovar AR. Differential modulation of the functionality of white adipose tissue of obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats by the type of protein and the amount and type of fat. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1798-809. [PMID: 23773624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that several metabolic abnormalities developed during obesity are associated with the presence of dysfunctional adipose tissue. Diet is a key factor that modulates several functions of adipose tissue; however, each nutrient in the diet produces specific changes. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the effect of the interaction of the type (coconut or soybean oil) and amount (5% or 10%) of fat with the type of dietary protein (casein or soy protein) on the functionality of white adipose tissue of Zucker (fa/fa) rats. The results showed that soybean oil reduced adipocyte size and decreased esterified saturated fatty acids in white adipose tissue. Excess dietary fat also modified the composition of esterified fatty acids in white adipose tissue, increased the secretion of saturated fatty acids to serum from white adipose tissue and reduced the process of fatty acids re-esterification. On the other hand, soy protein sensitized the activation of the hormone-sensitive lipase by increasing the phosphorylation of this enzyme (Ser 563) despite rats fed soy protein were normoglucagonemic, in contrast with rats fed casein that showed hyperglucagonemia but reduced hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylation. Finally, in white adipose tissue, the interaction between the tested dietary components modulated the transcription/translation process of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism genes via the activity of the PERK-endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Therefore, our results showed that the type of protein and the type and amount of dietary fat selectively modify the activity of white adipose tissue, even in a genetic model of obesity.
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Niwa T, Yokoyama SI, Osawa T. Effect of the genistein metabolite on leptin secretion in murine adipocytes in vitro. Food Chem 2013; 138:122-5. [PMID: 23265465 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soy isoflavonoids have many useful properties. However, they are metabolized in vivo, including in humans. The effect of the metabolism of soy isoflavonoids on their properties is not fully understood. We have isolated the bacterial strain SY8519, which has been shown to metabolize daidzein to O-desmethylangolensin and to produce 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid from genistein. According to chiral HPLC analysis, the 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid obtained from the bacterium was optically active. To determine the absolute stereochemistry of the microbial product, we prepared (S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid from (S)-2-phenylpropionic and concluded that the microbial product had an R-configuration by chiral HPLC analysis. We also applied the metabolite to mouse adipocytes and found that 2-HPPA was less effective at reducing leptin secretion than the parent compound genistein. Our results suggested that 'O-desmethylangolensin-production' attenuates the effect of soy isoflavonoids by reducing not only the activity of daidzein but also that of genistein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Niwa
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
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