1
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Vitureira N, Rafael A, Abudara V. P2X7 receptors and pannexin1 hemichannels shape presynaptic transmission. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:223-236. [PMID: 37713157 PMCID: PMC11189373 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, since the discovery of ATP as a transmitter, accumulating evidence has been reported about the role of this nucleotide and purinergic receptors, in particular P2X7 receptors, in the modulation of synaptic strength and plasticity. Purinergic signaling has emerged as a crucial player in orchestrating the molecular interaction between the components of the tripartite synapse, and much progress has been made in how this neuron-glia interaction impacts neuronal physiology under basal and pathological conditions. On the other hand, pannexin1 hemichannels, which are functionally linked to P2X7 receptors, have appeared more recently as important modulators of excitatory synaptic function and plasticity under diverse contexts. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of ATP, P2X7 receptors, and pannexin hemichannels to the modulation of presynaptic strength and its impact on motor function, sensory processing, synaptic plasticity, and neuroglial communication, with special focus on the P2X7 receptor/pannexin hemichannel interplay. We also address major hypotheses about the role of this interaction in physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Vitureira
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Alberto Rafael
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Abudara
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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2
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Hussain N, Apotikar A, Pidathala S, Mukherjee S, Burada AP, Sikdar SK, Vinothkumar KR, Penmatsa A. Cryo-EM structures of pannexin 1 and 3 reveal differences among pannexin isoforms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2942. [PMID: 38580658 PMCID: PMC10997603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pannexins are single-membrane large-pore channels that release ions and ATP upon activation. Three isoforms of pannexins 1, 2, and 3, perform diverse cellular roles and differ in their pore lining residues. In this study, we report the cryo-EM structure of pannexin 3 at 3.9 Å and analyze its structural differences with pannexin isoforms 1 and 2. The pannexin 3 vestibule has two distinct chambers and a wider pore radius in comparison to pannexins 1 and 2. We further report two cryo-EM structures of pannexin 1, with pore substitutions W74R/R75D that mimic the pore lining residues of pannexin 2 and a germline mutant of pannexin 1, R217H at resolutions of 3.2 Å and 3.9 Å, respectively. Substitution of cationic residues in the vestibule of pannexin 1 results in reduced ATP interaction propensities to the channel. The germline mutant R217H in transmembrane helix 3 (TM3), leads to a partially constricted pore, reduced ATP interaction and weakened voltage sensitivity. The study compares the three pannexin isoform structures, the effects of substitutions of pore and vestibule-lining residues and allosteric effects of a pathological substitution on channel structure and function thereby enhancing our understanding of this vital group of ATP-release channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Hussain
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ashish Apotikar
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Shabareesh Pidathala
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sourajit Mukherjee
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Ananth Prasad Burada
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Sikdar
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Kutti R Vinothkumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Aravind Penmatsa
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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3
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McAllister BB, Stokes-Heck S, Harding EK, van den Hoogen NJ, Trang T. Targeting Pannexin-1 Channels: Addressing the 'Gap' in Chronic Pain. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:77-91. [PMID: 38353876 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain complicates many diseases and is notoriously difficult to treat. In search of new therapeutic targets, pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels have sparked intense interest as a key mechanism involved in a variety of chronic pain conditions. Panx1 channels are transmembrane proteins that release ions and small molecules, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They are expressed along important nodes of the pain pathway, modulating activity of diverse cell types implicated in the development and progression of chronic pain caused by injury or pathology. This review highlights advances that have unlocked the core structure and machinery controlling Panx1 function with a focus on understanding and treating chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan B McAllister
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sierra Stokes-Heck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Erika K Harding
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nynke J van den Hoogen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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4
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Kostritskaia Y, Klüssendorf M, Pan YE, Hassani Nia F, Kostova S, Stauber T. Physiological Functions of the Volume-Regulated Anion Channel VRAC/LRRC8 and the Proton-Activated Chloride Channel ASOR/TMEM206. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 283:181-218. [PMID: 37468723 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) and the acid-sensitive outwardly rectifying anion channel (ASOR) mediate flux of chloride and small organic anions. Although known for a long time, they were only recently identified at the molecular level. VRACs are heteromers consisting of LRRC8 proteins A to E. Combining the essential LRRC8A with different LRRC8 paralogues changes key properties of VRAC such as conductance or substrate selectivity, which is how VRACs are involved in multiple physiological functions including regulatory volume decrease, cell proliferation and migration, cell death, purinergic signalling, fat and glucose metabolism, insulin signalling, and spermiogenesis. VRACs are also involved in pathological conditions, such as the neurotoxic release of glutamate and aspartate. Certain VRACs are also permeable to larger, organic anions, including antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs, making them an interesting therapeutic target. ASOR, also named proton-activated chloride channel (PAC), is formed by TMEM206 homotrimers on the plasma membrane and on endosomal compartments where it mediates chloride flux in response to extracytosolic acidification and plays a role in the shrinking and maturation of macropinosomes. ASOR has been shown to underlie neuronal swelling which causes cell death after stroke as well as promoting the metastasis of certain cancers, making them intriguing therapeutic targets as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kostritskaia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Klüssendorf
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yingzhou Edward Pan
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Hassani Nia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simona Kostova
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Stauber
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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5
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Palacios-Prado N, Vergara T, Sáez JC. Enhanced Methodologies for Investigating the Electrophysiological Characteristics of Endogenous Pannexin 1 Intercellular Cell-Cell Channels. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2801:135-145. [PMID: 38578419 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3842-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Gap junctions, pivotal intercellular conduits, serve as communication channels between adjacent cells, playing a critical role in modulating membrane potential distribution across cellular networks. The family of Pannexin (Panx) proteins, in particular Pannexin1 (Panx1), are widely expressed in vertebrate cells and exhibit sequence homology with innexins, the invertebrate gap junction channel constituents. Despite being ubiquitously expressed, detailed functional and pharmacological properties of Panx1 intercellular cell-cell channels require further investigation. In this chapter, we introduce optimized cell culture methodologies and electrophysiology protocols to expedite the exploration of endogenous Panx1 cell-cell channels in TC620 cells, a human oligodendroglioma cell line that naturally expresses Panx1. We anticipate these refined protocols will significantly contribute to future characterizations of Panx1-based intercellular cell-cell channels across diverse cell types and offer valuable insights into both normal cellular physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Palacios-Prado
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Teresa Vergara
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Sáez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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6
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O'Donnell BL, Penuela S. Skin in the game: pannexin channels in healthy and cancerous skin. Biochem J 2023; 480:1929-1949. [PMID: 38038973 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a highly organized tissue composed of multiple layers and cell types that require coordinated cell to cell communication to maintain tissue homeostasis. In skin cancer, this organized structure and communication is disrupted, prompting the malignant transformation of healthy cells into melanoma, basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma tumours. One such family of channel proteins critical for cellular communication is pannexins (PANX1, PANX2, PANX3), all of which are present in the skin. These heptameric single-membrane channels act as conduits for small molecules and ions like ATP and Ca2+ but have also been shown to have channel-independent functions through their interacting partners or action in signalling pathways. Pannexins have diverse roles in the skin such as in skin development, aging, barrier function, keratinocyte differentiation, inflammation, and wound healing, which were discovered through work with pannexin knockout mice, organotypic epidermis models, primary cells, and immortalized cell lines. In the context of cutaneous cancer, PANX1 is present at high levels in melanoma tumours and functions in melanoma carcinogenesis, and both PANX1 and PANX3 expression is altered in non-melanoma skin cancer. PANX2 has thus far not been implicated in any skin cancer. This review will discuss pannexin isoforms, structure, trafficking, post-translational modifications, interactome, and channel activity. We will also outline the expression, localization, and function of pannexin channels within the diverse cell types of the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, and adnexal structures of the skin, and how these properties are exploited or abrogated in instances of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L O'Donnell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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7
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Wu YL, Yang AH, Chiu YH. Recent advances in the structure and activation mechanisms of metabolite-releasing Pannexin 1 channels. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1687-1699. [PMID: 37622532 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is a widely expressed large-pore ion channel located in the plasma membrane of almost all vertebrate cells. It possesses a unique ability to act as a conduit for both inorganic ions (e.g. potassium or chloride) and bioactive metabolites (e.g. ATP or glutamate), thereby activating varying signaling pathways in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Given its crucial role in cell-cell interactions, the activity of PANX1 has been implicated in maintaining homeostasis of cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Dysregulation of PANX1 has also been linked to numerous diseases, such as ischemic stroke, seizure, and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying different modes of PANX1 activation and its context-specific channel properties have gathered significant attention. In this review, we summarize the roles of PANX1 in various physiological processes and diseases, and analyze the accumulated lines of evidence supporting diverse molecular mechanisms associated with different PANX1 activation modalities. We focus on examining recent discoveries regarding PANX1 regulations by reversible post-translational modifications, elevated intracellular calcium concentration, and protein-protein interactions, as well as by irreversible cleavage of its C-terminal tail. Additionally, we delve into the caveats in the proposed PANX1 gating mechanisms and channel open-closed configurations by critically analyzing the structural insights derived from cryo-EM studies and the unitary properties of PANX1 channels. By doing so, we aim to identify potential research directions for a better understanding of the functions and regulations of PANX1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hsing Yang
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd., Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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8
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Chen X, Yuan S, Mi L, Long Y, He H. Pannexin1: insight into inflammatory conditions and its potential involvement in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217366. [PMID: 37711629 PMCID: PMC10498923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis represents a global health concern, and patients with severe sepsis are at risk of experiencing MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome), which is associated with elevated mortality rates and a poorer prognosis. The development of sepsis involves hyperactive inflammation, immune disorder, and disrupted microcirculation. It is crucial to identify targets within these processes to develop therapeutic interventions. One such potential target is Panx1 (pannexin-1), a widely expressed transmembrane protein that facilitates the passage of molecules smaller than 1 KDa, such as ATP. Accumulating evidence has implicated the involvement of Panx1 in sepsis-associated MODS. It attracts immune cells via the purinergic signaling pathway, mediates immune responses via the Panx1-IL-33 axis, promotes immune cell apoptosis, regulates blood flow by modulating VSMCs' and vascular endothelial cells' tension, and disrupts microcirculation by elevating endothelial permeability and promoting microthrombosis. At the level of organs, Panx1 contributes to inflammatory injury in multiple organs. Panx1 primarily exacerbates injury and hinders recovery, making it a potential target for sepsis-induced MODS. While no drugs have been developed explicitly against Panx1, some compounds that inhibit Panx1 hemichannels have been used extensively in experiments. However, given that Panx1's role may vary during different phases of sepsis, more investigations are required before interventions against Panx1 can be applied in clinical. Overall, Panx1 may be a promising target for sepsis-induced MODS. Nevertheless, further research is needed to understand its complex role in different stages of sepsis fully and to develop suitable pharmaceutical interventions for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yun Long
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiwu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Sveeggen TM, Kosmach A, Bagher P. What Is Next for Connexin and Pannexin? J Vasc Res 2023; 60:69-72. [PMID: 37586339 PMCID: PMC10570909 DOI: 10.1159/000533281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Sveeggen
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Anna Kosmach
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Pooneh Bagher
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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10
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Van Campenhout R, Caufriez A, Tabernilla A, Maerten A, De Boever S, Sanz-Serrano J, Kadam P, Vinken M. Pannexin1 channels in the liver: an open enemy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1220405. [PMID: 37492223 PMCID: PMC10363690 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1220405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin1 proteins form communication channels at the cell plasma membrane surface, which allow the transfer of small molecules and ions between the intracellular compartment and extracellular environment. In this way, pannexin1 channels play an important role in various cellular processes and diseases. Indeed, a plethora of human pathologies is associated with the activation of pannexin1 channels. The present paper reviews and summarizes the structure, life cycle, regulation and (patho)physiological roles of pannexin1 channels, with a particular focus on the relevance of pannexin1 channels in liver diseases.
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11
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Cryo-EM structure of human heptameric pannexin 2 channel. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1118. [PMID: 36869038 PMCID: PMC9984531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 2 (Panx2) is a large-pore ATP-permeable channel with critical roles in various physiological processes, such as the inflammatory response, energy production and apoptosis. Its dysfunction is related to numerous pathological conditions including ischemic brain injury, glioma and glioblastoma multiforme. However, the working mechanism of Panx2 remains unclear. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human Panx2 at a resolution of 3.4 Å. Panx2 structure assembles as a heptamer, forming an exceptionally wide channel pore across the transmembrane and intracellular domains, which is compatible with ATP permeation. Comparing Panx2 with Panx1 structures in different states reveals that the Panx2 structure corresponds to an open channel state. A ring of seven arginine residues located at the extracellular entrance forms the narrowest site of the channel, which serves as the critical molecular filter controlling the permeation of substrate molecules. This is further verified by molecular dynamics simulations and ATP release assays. Our studies reveal the architecture of the Panx2 channel and provide insights into the molecular mechanism of its channel gating.
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12
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Chen Z, Luo X, Liu M, Jiang J, Li Y, Huang Z, Wang L, Cao J, He L, Huang S, Hu H, Li L, Chen L. Elabela-apelin-12, 17, 36/APJ system promotes platelet aggregation and thrombosis via activating the PANX1-P2X7 signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:586-605. [PMID: 36855998 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The elabela-apelin/angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-associated protein (APJ) system is an important regulator in certain thrombosis-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and cerebral infarction. Our previous reports have revealed that apelin exacerbates atherosclerotic lesions. However, the relationship between the elabela-apelin/APJ system and platelet aggregation and atherothrombosis is unclear. The results of the present study demonstrate that elabela and other endogenous ligands such as apelin-12, -17, and -36 induce platelet aggregation and thrombosis by activating the pannexin1(PANX1)-P2X7 signaling pathway. Interestingly, the diuretic, spironolactone, a novel PANX1 inhibitor, alleviated elabela- and apelin isoforms-induced platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Significantly, two potential antithrombotic drugs were screened out by targeting APJ receptors, including the anti-HIV ancillary drug cobicistat and the traditional Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin A. Both cobicistat and Schisandrin A abolished the effects of elabela and apelin isoforms on platelet aggregation, thrombosis, and cerebral infarction. In addition, cobicistat significantly attenuated thrombosis in a ponatinib-induced zebrafish trunk model. Overall, the elabela-apelin/APJ axis mediated platelet aggregation and thrombosis via the PANX1-P2X7 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Blocking the APJ receptor with cobicistat/Schisandrin A or inhibiting PANX1 with spironolactone may provide novel therapeutic strategies against thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Meiqing Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jinyong Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yao Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiangang Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lu He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shifang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Haoliang Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Changde Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedicine, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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13
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Zhou J, Wang M, Hu J, Li Z, Zhu L, Jin L. A novel heterozygous variant in PANX1 causes primary infertility due to oocyte death. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:65-73. [PMID: 36469255 PMCID: PMC9840723 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Variants in the pannexin1 (PANX1) gene have been reported to be associated with oocyte death and recurrent in vitro fertilization failure. In this study, we performed genetic analysis in the patient with female infertility due to oocyte death to identify the disease-causing gene variant in the patient. METHODS We characterized one patient from a non-consanguineous family who had suffered from oocyte death and female infertility. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the variant in the family. Western blot analysis was used to check the effect of the variant on PANX1 glycosylation pattern in vitro. RESULTS We identified a novel heterozygous PANX1 variant (NM_015368.4 c.976_978del, (p.Asn326del)) associated with the phenotype of oocyte death in a non-consanguineous family, followed by an autosomal dominant (AD) mode. This variant showed a more delayed emergence of oocyte death than previously reported articles. Western blot analysis confirmed that the deletion variant of PANX1 (c.976_978del) altered the glycosylation pattern in HeLa cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings expand the variant spectrum of PANX1 genes associated with oocyte death and provide new support for the genetic diagnosis of female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juepu Zhou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Meng Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Juan Hu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Zhou Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Lei Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030 China
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14
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Rusiecka OM, Tournier M, Molica F, Kwak BR. Pannexin1 channels-a potential therapeutic target in inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1020826. [PMID: 36438559 PMCID: PMC9682086 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1020826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An exaggerated inflammatory response is the hallmark of a plethora of disorders. ATP is a central signaling molecule that orchestrates the initiation and resolution of the inflammatory response by enhancing activation of the inflammasome, leukocyte recruitment and activation of T cells. ATP can be released from cells through pannexin (Panx) channels, a family of glycoproteins consisting of three members, Panx1, Panx2, and Panx3. Panx1 is ubiquitously expressed and forms heptameric channels in the plasma membrane mediating paracrine and autocrine signaling. Besides their involvement in the inflammatory response, Panx1 channels have been shown to contribute to different modes of cell death (i.e., pyroptosis, necrosis and apoptosis). Both genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of Panx1 channels decrease inflammation in vivo and contribute to a better outcome in several animal models of inflammatory disease involving various organs, including the brain, lung, kidney and heart. Up to date, several molecules have been identified to inhibit Panx1 channels, for instance probenecid (Pbn), mefloquine (Mfq), flufenamic acid (FFA), carbenoxolone (Cbx) or mimetic peptides like 10Panx1. Unfortunately, the vast majority of these compounds lack specificity and/or serum stability, which limits their application. The recent availability of detailed structural information on the Panx1 channel from cryo-electron microscopy studies may open up innovative approaches to acquire new classes of synthetic Panx1 channel blockers with high target specificity. Selective inhibition of Panx1 channels may not only limit acute inflammatory responses but may also prove useful in chronic inflammatory diseases, thereby improving human health. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on the role of Panx1 in the initiation and resolution of the inflammatory response, we summarized the effects of Panx1 inhibition in inflammatory pathologies and recapitulate current Panx1 channel pharmacology with an outlook towards future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Rusiecka
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malaury Tournier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Molica
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brenda R. Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Abstract
Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels contribute to neurological disorders, including stroke and epilepsy, where their function has been linked to N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs). We discovered that Ca2+ entry via NMDARs recruits endoplasmic reticulum–resident STIM proteins to activate Panx1 by binding to a hydrophobic region localized to the Panx1 N terminus. Using loss-of-function approaches, combined with molecular replacement and use of a STIM/Panx1 function–blocking antibody, we demonstrate that disrupting the STIM/Panx1 interaction prevents Panx1 activation by NMDARs, but not by hypotonic stimuli. Thus, our findings serve as a basis for the design of modality-specific inhibitors against STIM-dependent Panx1 activation that will aid in understanding the multimodal functions of Panx1 and their contribution to physiology and pathology. Pannexin-1 (Panx1) is a large-pore ion and solute permeable channel highly expressed in the nervous system, where it subserves diverse processes, including neurite outgrowth, dendritic spine formation, and N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR)-dependent plasticity. Moreover, Panx1 dysregulation contributes to neurological disorders, including neuropathic pain, epilepsy, and excitotoxicity. Despite progress in understanding physiological and pathological functions of Panx1, the mechanisms that regulate its activity, including its ion and solute permeability, remain poorly understood. In this study, we identify endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident stromal interaction molecules (STIM1/2), which are Ca2+ sensors that communicate events within the ER to plasma membrane channels, as binding and signaling partners of Panx1. We demonstrate that Panx1 is activated to its large-pore configuration in response to stimuli that recruit STIM1/2 and map the interaction interface to a hydrophobic region within the N terminus of Panx1. We further characterize a Panx1 N terminus–recognizing antibody as a function-blocking tool able to prevent large-pore Panx1 activation by STIM1/2. Using either the function-blocking antibody or re-expression of Panx1 deletion mutants in Panx1 knockout (KO) neurons, we show that STIM recruitment couples Ca2+ entry via NMDARs to Panx1 activation, thereby identifying a model of NMDAR-STIM-Panx1 signaling in neurons. Our study highlights a previously unrecognized and important role of the Panx1 N terminus in regulating channel activation and membrane localization. Considering past work demonstrating an intimate functional relation between NMDARs and Panx1, our study opens avenues for understanding activation modality and context-specific functions of Panx1, including functions linked to diverse STIM-regulated cellular responses.
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16
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Rougé S, Genetet S, Leal Denis MF, Dussiot M, Schwarzbaum PJ, Ostuni MA, Mouro-Chanteloup I. Mechanosensitive Pannexin 1 Activity Is Modulated by Stomatin in Human Red Blood Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169401. [PMID: 36012667 PMCID: PMC9409209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (PANX1) was proposed to drive ATP release from red blood cells (RBCs) in response to stress conditions. Stomatin, a membrane protein regulating mechanosensitive channels, has been proposed to modulate PANX1 activity in non-erythroid cells. To determine whether stomatin modulates PANX1 activity in an erythroid context, we have (i) assessed the in situ stomatin-PANX1 interaction in RBCs, (ii) measured PANX1-stimulated activity in RBCs expressing stomatin or from OverHydrated Hereditary Stomatocytosis (OHSt) patients lacking stomatin, and in erythroid K562 cells invalidated for stomatin. Proximity Ligation Assay coupled with flow imaging shows 27.09% and 6.13% positive events in control and OHSt RBCs, respectively. The uptake of dyes 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein (CF) and TO-PRO-3 was used to evaluate PANX1 activity. RBC permeability for CF is 34% and 11.8% in control and OHSt RBCs, respectively. PANX1 permeability for TO-PRO-3 is 35.72% and 18.42% in K562 stom+ and stom− clones, respectively. These results suggest an interaction between PANX1 and stomatin in human RBCs and show a significant defect in PANX1 activity in the absence of stomatin. Based on these results, we propose that stomatin plays a major role in opening the PANX1 pore by being involved in a caspase-independent lifting of autoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rougé
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM U1134, BIGR, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Genetet
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM U1134, BIGR, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Maria Florencia Leal Denis
- Instituto de Química y Fisico-Química Biológicas “Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini”, UBA, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1163, IMAGINE, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Julio Schwarzbaum
- Instituto de Química y Fisico-Química Biológicas “Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini”, UBA, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Anibal Ostuni
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM U1134, BIGR, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Mouro-Chanteloup
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, INSERM U1134, BIGR, F-75014 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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17
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The Role of Pannexin-1 Channels in HIV and NeuroHIV Pathogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142245. [PMID: 35883688 PMCID: PMC9323506 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) enters the brain shortly after infection, leading to long-term neurological complications in half of the HIV-infected population, even in the current anti-retroviral therapy (ART) era. Despite decades of research, no biomarkers can objectively measure and, more importantly, predict the onset of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Several biomarkers have been proposed; however, most of them only reflect late events of neuronal damage. Our laboratory recently identified that ATP and PGE2, inflammatory molecules released through Pannexin-1 channels, are elevated in the serum of HIV-infected individuals compared to uninfected individuals and other inflammatory diseases. More importantly, high circulating ATP levels, but not PGE2, can predict a decline in cognition, suggesting that HIV-infected individuals have impaired ATP metabolism and associated signaling. We identified that Pannexin-1 channel opening contributes to the high serological ATP levels, and ATP in the circulation could be used as a biomarker of HIV-associated cognitive impairment. In addition, we believe that ATP is a major contributor to chronic inflammation in the HIV-infected population, even in the anti-retroviral era. Here, we discuss the mechanisms associated with Pannexin-1 channel opening within the circulation, as well as within the resident viral reservoirs, ATP dysregulation, and cognitive disease observed in the HIV-infected population.
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18
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McDouall A, Zhou KQ, Bennet L, Green CR, Gunn AJ, Davidson JO. Connexins, Pannexins and Gap Junctions in Perinatal Brain Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061445. [PMID: 35740466 PMCID: PMC9220888 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury secondary to hypoxia-ischemia and/or infection/inflammation remains a major cause of disability. Therapeutic hypothermia significantly improves outcomes, but in randomized controlled trials nearly half of infants still died or survived with disability, showing that additional interventions are needed. There is growing evidence that brain injury spreads over time from injured to previously uninjured regions of the brain. At least in part, this spread is related to opening of connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels, both of which are large conductance membrane channels found in many brain cells. Opening of these membrane channels releases adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and other neuroactive molecules, into the extracellular space. ATP has an important role in normal signaling, but pathologically can trigger the assembly of the multi-protein inflammasome complex. The inflammasome complex promotes activation of inflammatory caspases, and release of inflammatory cytokines. Overall, the connexin hemichannel appears to play a primary role in propagation of injury and chronic disease, and connexin hemichannel blockade has been shown to be neuroprotective in multiple animal models. Thus, there is potential for some blockers of connexin or pannexin channels to be developed into targeted interventions that could be used in conjunction with or separate to therapeutic hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice McDouall
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Kelly Q. Zhou
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Laura Bennet
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Colin R. Green
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Alistair J. Gunn
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
| | - Joanne O. Davidson
- U1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (A.M.); (K.Q.Z.); (L.B.); (A.J.G.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Caufriez A, Tabernilla A, Van Campenhout R, Cooreman A, Leroy K, Sanz Serrano J, Kadam P, dos Santos Rodrigues B, Lamouroux A, Ballet S, Vinken M. Effects of Drugs Formerly Suggested for COVID-19 Repurposing on Pannexin1 Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105664. [PMID: 35628472 PMCID: PMC9146942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of COVID-19, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully uncovered. However, it is known that a dysfunctional immune response and the accompanying uncontrollable inflammation lead to troublesome outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Pannexin1 channels are put forward as interesting drug targets for the treatment of COVID-19 due to their key role in inflammation and their link to other viral infections. In the present study, we selected a panel of drugs previously tested in clinical trials as potential candidates for the treatment of COVID-19 early on in the pandemic, including hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, azithromycin, dexamethasone, ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir, and ritonavir. The effect of the drugs on pannexin1 channels was assessed at a functional level by means of measurement of extracellular ATP release. Immunoblot analysis and real-time quantitative reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to study the potential of the drugs to alter pannexin1 protein and mRNA expression levels, respectively. Favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and the combination of lopinavir with ritonavir were found to inhibit pannexin1 channel activity without affecting pannexin1 protein or mRNA levels. Thusthree new inhibitors of pannexin1 channels were identified that, though currently not being used anymore for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, could be potential drug candidates for other pannexin1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Caufriez
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
- Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Raf Van Campenhout
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Axelle Cooreman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Julen Sanz Serrano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Prashant Kadam
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Bruna dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
| | - Arthur Lamouroux
- Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Steven Ballet
- Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (A.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (A.C.); (A.T.); (R.V.C.); (A.C.); (K.L.); (J.S.S.); (P.K.); (B.d.S.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2477-4587
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20
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Welzel G, Schuster S. Connexins evolved after early chordates lost innexin diversity. eLife 2022; 11:74422. [PMID: 35042580 PMCID: PMC8769644 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junction channels are formed by two unrelated protein families. Non-chordates use the primordial innexins, while chordates use connexins that superseded the gap junction function of innexins. Chordates retained innexin-homologs, but N-glycosylation prevents them from forming gap junctions. It is puzzling why chordates seem to exclusively use the new gap junction protein and why no chordates should exist that use non-glycosylated innexins to form gap junctions. Here, we identified glycosylation sites of 2388 innexins from 174 non-chordate and 276 chordate species. Among all chordates, we found not a single innexin without glycosylation sites. Surprisingly, the glycosylation motif is also widespread among non-chordate innexins indicating that glycosylated innexins are not a novelty of chordates. In addition, we discovered a loss of innexin diversity during early chordate evolution. Most importantly, lancelets, which lack connexins, exclusively possess only one highly conserved innexin with one glycosylation site. A bottleneck effect might thus explain why connexins have become the only protein used to form chordate gap junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Welzel
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Bayreuth
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21
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Muñoz MF, Griffith TN, Contreras JE. Mechanisms of ATP release in pain: role of pannexin and connexin channels. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:549-561. [PMID: 34792743 PMCID: PMC8677853 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a physiological response to bodily damage and serves as a warning of potential threat. Pain can also transform from an acute response to noxious stimuli to a chronic condition with notable emotional and psychological components that requires treatment. Indeed, the management of chronic pain is currently an important unmet societal need. Several reports have implicated the release of the neurotransmitter adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and subsequent activation of purinergic receptors in distinct pain etiologies. Purinergic receptors are broadly expressed in peripheral neurons and the spinal cord; thus, purinergic signaling in sensory neurons or in spinal circuits may be critical for pain processing. Nevertheless, an outstanding question remains: what are the mechanisms of ATP release that initiate nociceptive signaling? Connexin and pannexin channels are established conduits of ATP release and have been suggested to play important roles in a variety of pathologies, including several models of pain. As such, these large-pore channels represent a new and exciting putative pharmacological target for pain treatment. Herein, we will review the current evidence for a role of connexin and pannexin channels in ATP release during nociceptive signaling, such as neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Collectively, these studies provide compelling evidence for an important role of connexins and pannexins in pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel F. Muñoz
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Theanne N. Griffith
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Jorge E. Contreras
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
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22
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Connexin Expression Is Altered in Liver Development of Yotari ( dab1 -/-) Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910712. [PMID: 34639052 PMCID: PMC8509723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Disabled-1 (Dab1) protein is an intracellular adaptor of reelin signaling required for prenatal neuronal migration, as well as postnatal neurotransmission, memory formation and synaptic plasticity. Yotari, an autosomal recessive mutant of the mouse Dab1 gene is recognizable by its premature death, unstable gait and tremor. Previous findings are mostly based on neuronal abnormalities caused by Dab1 deficiency, but the role of the reelin signaling pathway in nonneuronal tissues and organs has not been studied until recently. Hepatocytes, the most abundant cells in the liver, communicate via gap junctions (GJ) are composed of connexins. Cell communication disruption in yotari mice was examined by analyzing the expression of connexins (Cxs): Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 during liver development at 13.5 and 15.5 gestation days (E13.5 and E15.5). Analyses were performed using immunohistochemistry and fluorescent microscopy, followed by quantification of area percentage covered by positive signal. Data are expressed as a mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. All Cxs examined displayed a significant decrease in yotari compared to wild type (wt) individuals at E13.5. Looking at E15.5 we have similar results with exception of Cx37 showing negligible expression in wt. Channels formation triggered by pathological stimuli, as well as propensity to apoptosis, was studied by measuring the expression of Pannexin1 (Panx1) and Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) through developmental stages mentioned above. An increase in Panx1 expression of E15.5 yotari mice, as well as a strong jump of AIF in both phases suggesting that yotari mice are more prone to apoptosis. Our results emphasize the importance of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) during liver development and their possible involvement in liver pathology and diagnostics where they can serve as potential biomarkers and drug targets.
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23
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Dossi E, Rouach N. Pannexin 1 channels and ATP release in epilepsy: two sides of the same coin : The contribution of pannexin-1, connexins, and CALHM ATP-release channels to purinergic signaling. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:533-548. [PMID: 34495463 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling mediated by ATP and its metabolites contributes to various brain physiological processes as well as to several pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative and neurological disorders, such as epilepsy. Among the different ATP release pathways, pannexin 1 channels represent one of the major conduits being primarily activated in pathological contexts. Investigations on in vitro and in vivo models of epileptiform activity and seizures in mice and human tissues revealed pannexin 1 involvement in aberrant network activity and epilepsy, and highlighted that pannexin 1 exerts a complex role. Pannexin 1 can indeed either sustain seizures through release of ATP that can directly activate purinergic receptors, or tune down epileptic activity via ATP-derived adenosine that decreases neuronal excitability. Interestingly, in-depth analysis of the literature unveils that this dichotomy is only apparent, as it depends on the model of seizure induction and the type of evoked epileptiform activity, two factors that can differentially activate pannexin 1 channels and trigger distinct intracellular signaling cascades. Here, we review the general properties and ATP permeability of pannexin 1 channels, and discuss their impact on acute epileptiform activity and chronic epilepsy according to the regime of activity and disease state. These data pave the way for the development of new antiepileptic strategies selectively targeting pannexin 1 channels in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dossi
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7241, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Collège de France, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7241, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Collège de France, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France.
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24
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Syrjanen J, Michalski K, Kawate T, Furukawa H. On the molecular nature of large-pore channels. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166994. [PMID: 33865869 PMCID: PMC8409005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transport is a fundamental means to control basic cellular processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, and neurodegeneration and is mediated by a number of transporters, pumps, and channels. Accumulating evidence over the last half century has shown that a type of so-called "large-pore channel" exists in various tissues and organs in gap-junctional and non-gap-junctional forms in order to flow not only ions but also metabolites such as ATP. They are formed by a number of protein families with little or no evolutionary linkages including connexin, innexin, pannexin, leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 (LRRC8), and calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM). This review summarizes the history and concept of large-pore channels starting from connexin gap junction channels to the more recent developments in innexin, pannexin, LRRC8, and CALHM. We describe structural and functional features of large-pore channels that are crucial for their diverse functions on the basis of available structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Syrjanen
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Kevin Michalski
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Toshimitsu Kawate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Fields of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cell Biology (BMCB), and Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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25
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Bastos PAD, Wheeler R, Boneca IG. Uptake, recognition and responses to peptidoglycan in the mammalian host. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:5902851. [PMID: 32897324 PMCID: PMC7794044 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota, and the plethora of signalling molecules that they generate, are a major driving force that underlies a striking range of inter-individual physioanatomic and behavioural consequences for the host organism. Among the bacterial effectors, one finds peptidoglycan, the major constituent of the bacterial cell surface. In the steady-state, fragments of peptidoglycan are constitutively liberated from bacterial members of the gut microbiota, cross the gut epithelial barrier and enter the host system. The fate of these peptidoglycan fragments, and the outcome for the host, depends on the molecular nature of the peptidoglycan, as well the cellular profile of the recipient tissue, mechanism of cell entry, the expression of specific processing and recognition mechanisms by the cell, and the local immune context. At the target level, physiological processes modulated by peptidoglycan are extremely diverse, ranging from immune activation to small molecule metabolism, autophagy and apoptosis. In this review, we bring together a fragmented body of literature on the kinetics and dynamics of peptidoglycan interactions with the mammalian host, explaining how peptidoglycan functions as a signalling molecule in the host under physiological conditions, how it disseminates within the host, and the cellular responses to peptidoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A D Bastos
- Institut Pasteur, Biology and genetics of the bacterial cell wall Unit, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75724, France; CNRS, UMR 2001 "Microbiologie intégrative et moléculaire", Paris 75015, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Richard Wheeler
- Institut Pasteur, Biology and genetics of the bacterial cell wall Unit, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75724, France; CNRS, UMR 2001 "Microbiologie intégrative et moléculaire", Paris 75015, France.,Tumour Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard-Vaillant, Villejuif 94800, France; INSERM UMR 1015, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Ivo G Boneca
- Institut Pasteur, Biology and genetics of the bacterial cell wall Unit, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris 75724, France; CNRS, UMR 2001 "Microbiologie intégrative et moléculaire", Paris 75015, France
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26
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Laird DW, Penuela S. Pannexin biology and emerging linkages to cancer. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:1119-1131. [PMID: 34389277 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pannexins are a family of glycoproteins that comprises three members, PANX1, PANX2, and PANX3. The widely expressed and interrogated PANX1 forms heptameric membrane channels that primarily serve to connect the cytoplasm to the extracellular milieu by being selectively permeable to small signaling molecules when activated. Apart from notable exceptions, PANX1 in many tumor cells appears to facilitate tumor growth and metastasis, suggesting that pannexin-blocking therapeutics may have utility in cancer. Attenuation of PANX1 function must also consider the fact that PANX1 is found in stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), including immune cells. This review highlights the key discoveries of the past 5 years that suggest pannexins facilitate, or in some cases inhibit, tumor cell growth and metastasis via direct protein interactions and through the regulated efflux of signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Divisions of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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27
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Design and synthesis of the first indole-based blockers of Panx-1 channel. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113650. [PMID: 34174741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Panx-1 is a membrane channel protein involved in some pathologies such as ischemic stroke, cancer and neuropathic pain, thus representing a promising therapeutic target. We present here a study aimed at obtaining the first class of selective Panx-1 blockers, a new topic for pharmaceutical chemistry, since all compounds used so far for the study of this channel have different primary targets. Among various scaffolds analyzed, the indole nucleous emerged, whose elaboration yielded interesting Panx-1 blockers, such as the potent 5-sulfamoyl derivatives 14c and 15b (I% = 100 at 50 μM). In vivo tests performed in the mouse model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy, demonstrated that the hypersensitivity was completely reverted by treatment with 15b (1 nmol, administered intrathecally), suggesting a relationship between this effect and the channel blocking ability. Finally, we decided to perform a virtual screening study on compounds 5b, 6l and 14c using a recently resolved cryo-EM structure of hPanx-1 channel, to try to relate the potency of our new inhibitors.
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28
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Battulin N, Kovalzon VM, Korablev A, Serova I, Kiryukhina OO, Pechkova MG, Bogotskoy KA, Tarasova OS, Panchin Y. Pannexin 1 Transgenic Mice: Human Diseases and Sleep-Wake Function Revision. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105269. [PMID: 34067798 PMCID: PMC8155943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and other vertebrates pannexin protein family was discovered by homology to invertebrate gap junction proteins. Several biological functions were attributed to three vertebrate pannexins members. Six clinically significant independent variants of the PANX1 gene lead to human infertility and oocyte development defects, and the Arg217His variant was associated with pronounced symptoms of primary ovarian failure, severe intellectual disability, sensorineural hearing loss, and kyphosis. At the same time, only mild phenotypes were observed in Panx1 knockout mice. In addition, a passenger mutation was identified in a popular line of Panx1 knockout mice, questioning even those effects. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we created a new line of Panx1 knockout mice and a new line of mice with the clinically significant Panx1 substitution (Arg217His). In both cases, we observed no significant changes in mouse size, weight, or fertility. In addition, we attempted to reproduce a previous study on sleep/wake and locomotor activity functions in Panx1 knockout mice and found that previously reported effects were probably not caused by the Panx1 knockout itself. We consider that the pathological role of Arg217His substitution in Panx1, and some Panx1 functions in general calls for a re-evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Battulin
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir M. Kovalzon
- Laboratory of Mammal Behavior and Behavioral Ecology, Severtsov Institute Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory for the Study of Information Processes at the Cellular and Molecular Levels, Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (O.O.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Alexey Korablev
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Irina Serova
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.); (I.S.)
| | - Oxana O. Kiryukhina
- Laboratory for the Study of Information Processes at the Cellular and Molecular Levels, Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (O.O.K.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (M.G.P.); (K.A.B.); (O.S.T.)
| | - Marta G. Pechkova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (M.G.P.); (K.A.B.); (O.S.T.)
| | - Kirill A. Bogotskoy
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (M.G.P.); (K.A.B.); (O.S.T.)
| | - Olga S. Tarasova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (M.G.P.); (K.A.B.); (O.S.T.)
| | - Yuri Panchin
- Laboratory for the Study of Information Processes at the Cellular and Molecular Levels, Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (O.O.K.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Mathematical Methods in Biology, Belozersky Institute, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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29
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Cho HJ, Velichkovska M, Schurhoff N, András IE, Toborek M. Extracellular vesicles regulate gap junction-mediated intercellular communication and HIV-1 infection of human neural progenitor cells. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 155:105388. [PMID: 33962010 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and cause HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) through a process that may involve direct or indirect interactions with the central nervous system (CNS) cells and alterations of amyloid β (Aβ) homeostasis. The present study focused on the mechanisms of HIV-1 infecting human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) and affecting NPC intercellular communications with human brain endothelial cells (HBMEC). Despite the lack of the CD4 receptor, hNPCs were effectively infected by HIV-1 via a mechanism involving the chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CCR5. HIV-1 infection increased expression of connexin-43 (Cx43), phosphorylated Cx43 (pCx43), and pannexin 2 (Panx2) protein levels in hNPCs, suggesting alterations in gap-junction (GJ) and pannexin channel communication. Indeed, a functional GJ assay indicated an increase in communication between HIV-infected hNPCs and non-infected HBMEC. We next analyzed the impact of HBMEC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EVs carrying Aβ (EV-Aβ) on the expression of Cx43, pCx43, and Panx2 in HIV-1 infected and non-infected hNPCs. Exposure to EV-Aβ resulted in significant reduction of Cx43 and pCx43 protein expression in non-infected hNPCs when compared to EV controls. Interestingly, EV-Aβ treatment significantly increased levels of Cx43, pCx43, and Panx2 in HIV-1-infected hNPCs when compared to non-infected controls. These results were confirmed in a GJ functional assay and an ATP release assay, which is an indicator of connexin hemichannel and/or pannexin channel functions. Overall, the current study demonstrates the importance of hNPCs in HIV-1 infection and indicates that intercellular communications between infected hNPCs and HBMEC can be effectively modulated by EVs carrying Aβ as their cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Joon Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Martina Velichkovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nicolette Schurhoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ibolya E András
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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30
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Structure of the full-length human Pannexin1 channel and insights into its role in pyroptosis. Cell Discov 2021; 7:30. [PMID: 33947837 PMCID: PMC8096850 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin1 (PANX1) is a large-pore ATP efflux channel with a broad distribution, which allows the exchange of molecules and ions smaller than 1 kDa between the cytoplasm and extracellular space. In this study, we show that in human macrophages PANX1 expression is upregulated by diverse stimuli that promote pyroptosis, which is reminiscent of the previously reported lipopolysaccharide-induced upregulation of PANX1 during inflammasome activation. To further elucidate the function of PANX1, we propose the full-length human Pannexin1 (hPANX1) model through cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies, establishing hPANX1 as a homo-heptamer and revealing that both the N-termini and C-termini protrude deeply into the channel pore funnel. MD simulations also elucidate key energetic features governing the channel that lay a foundation to understand the channel gating mechanism. Structural analyses, functional characterizations, and computational studies support the current hPANX1-MD model, suggesting the potential role of hPANX1 in pyroptosis during immune responses.
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31
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Mim C, Perkins G, Dahl G. Structure versus function: Are new conformations of pannexin 1 yet to be resolved? J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:211971. [PMID: 33835130 PMCID: PMC8042604 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) plays a decisive role in multiple physiological and pathological settings, including oxygen delivery to tissues, mucociliary clearance in airways, sepsis, neuropathic pain, and epilepsy. It is widely accepted that Panx1 exerts its role in the context of purinergic signaling by providing a transmembrane pathway for ATP. However, under certain conditions, Panx1 can also act as a highly selective membrane channel for chloride ions without ATP permeability. A recent flurry of publications has provided structural information about the Panx1 channel. However, while these structures are consistent with a chloride selective channel, none show a conformation with strong support for the ATP release function of Panx1. In this Viewpoint, we critically assess the existing evidence for the function and structure of the Panx1 channel and conclude that the structure corresponding to the ATP permeation pathway is yet to be determined. We also list a set of additional topics needing attention and propose ways to attain the large-pore, ATP-permeable conformation of the Panx1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Mim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gerhard Dahl
- Department of Physiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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32
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Xiang X, Langlois S, St-Pierre ME, Blinder A, Charron P, Graber TE, Fowler SL, Baird SD, Bennett SAL, Alain T, Cowan KN. Identification of pannexin 1-regulated genes, interactome, and pathways in rhabdomyosarcoma and its tumor inhibitory interaction with AHNAK. Oncogene 2021; 40:1868-1883. [PMID: 33564071 PMCID: PMC7946643 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. Despite current management, the 5-year survival rate for patients with metastatic RMS is ∼30%; underscoring the need to develop better treatment strategies. We have recently reported that pannexin 1 (PANX1) levels are downregulated in RMS and that restoring its expression inhibits RMS progression. Here, we have surveyed and characterized the molecular changes induced by PANX1 re-expression in RMS. We cataloged transcriptomic changes in this context by RNA sequencing. At the protein level, we unveiled PANX1 interactors using BioID, complemented by co-immunoprecipitation coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry performed in PANX1-enriched fractions. Using these data, we generated searchable public databases for the PANX1 interactome and changes to the RMS transcriptome occurring when PANX1 expression is restored. STRING network analyses revealed a PANX1 interactome involving plasma membrane and cytoskeleton-associated proteins including the previously undescribed interactor AHNAK. Indeed, AHNAK knockdown abrogated the PANX1-mediated reduction in RMS cell viability and migration. Using these unbiased approaches, we bring insight to the mechanisms by which PANX1 inhibits RMS progression, identifying the cell migration protein AHNAK as a key modifier of PANX1-mediated changes in RMS malignant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiang
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Langlois
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve St-Pierre
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Blinder
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe Charron
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tyson E Graber
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Fowler
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen D Baird
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steffany A L Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle N Cowan
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Nouri-Nejad D, O’Donnell BL, Patil CS, Sanchez-Pupo RE, Johnston D, Sayedyahossein S, Jurcic K, Lau R, Gyenis L, Litchfield DW, Jackson MF, Gloor GB, Penuela S. Pannexin 1 mutation found in melanoma tumor reduces phosphorylation, glycosylation, and trafficking of the channel-forming protein. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:376-390. [PMID: 33405952 PMCID: PMC8098850 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-10-0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is a glycoprotein that forms large pore channels capable of passing ions and metabolites such as ATP for cellular communication. PANX1 has been implicated in many diseases including breast cancer and melanoma, where inhibition or deletion of PANX1 reduced the tumorigenic and metastatic properties of the cancer cells. We interrogated the effect of single amino acid changes in various PANX1 domains using naturally occurring variants reported in cancer patient tumors. We found that a previously reported variant (Q5H) is present in cancer cells, but was not different from the wild type (Q5) in glycosylation, trafficking, or channel function and did not affect cellular properties. We discovered that the Q5H variant is in fact the highly conserved ancestral allele of PANX1 with 89% of humans carrying at least one Q5H allele. Another mutated form Y150F, found in a melanoma patient tumor, prevented phosphorylation at Y150 as well as complex N-glycosylation while increasing intracellular localization. Sarcoma (SRC) is the predicted kinase to phosphorylate the Y150 residue, and its phosphorylation is not likely to be constitutive, but rather dynamically regulated. The Y150 phosphorylation site is the first one reported to play a role in regulating posttranslational modifications and trafficking of PANX1, with potential consequences on its large-pore channel structure and function in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nouri-Nejad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Brooke L. O’Donnell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Chetan S. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
- Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada
| | | | - Danielle Johnston
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Samar Sayedyahossein
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Kristina Jurcic
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Lau
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Laszlo Gyenis
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - David W. Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Michael F. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
- Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0Z3, Canada
| | - Gregory B. Gloor
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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Homozygous variants in PANX1 cause human oocyte death and female infertility. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1396-1404. [PMID: 33495594 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-00807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PANX1, one of the members of the pannexin family, is a highly glycosylated channel-forming protein. Recently, we identified heterozygous variants in PANX1 that follow an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and cause female infertility characterized by oocyte death. In this study, we screened for novel PANX1 variants in patients with the phenotype of oocyte death and discovered a new type of inheritance pattern accompanying PANX1 variants. We identified two novel homozygous missense variants in PANX1 [NM_015368.4 c.712T>C (p.(Ser238Pro) and c.899G>A (p.(Arg300Gln))] associated with the oocyte death phenotype in two families. Both of the homozygous variants altered the PANX1 glycosylation pattern in cultured cells, led to aberrant PANX1 channel activation, and resulted in mouse oocyte death after fertilization in vitro. It is worth noting that the destructive effect of the two homozygous variants on PANX1 function was weaker than that caused by the recently reported heterozygous variants. Our findings enrich the variational spectrum of PANX1 and expand the inheritance pattern of PANX1 variants to an autosomal recessive mode. This highlights the critical role of PANX1 in human oocyte development and helps us to better understand the genetic basis of female infertility due to oocyte death.
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Flores-Muñoz C, Maripillán J, Vásquez-Navarrete J, Novoa-Molina J, Ceriani R, Sánchez HA, Abbott AC, Weinstein-Oppenheimer C, Brown DI, Cárdenas AM, García IE, Martínez AD. Restraint of Human Skin Fibroblast Motility, Migration, and Cell Surface Actin Dynamics, by Pannexin 1 and P2X7 Receptor Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1069. [PMID: 33499026 PMCID: PMC7865282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic process required to maintain skin integrity and which relies on the precise migration of different cell types. A key molecule that regulates this process is ATP. However, the mechanisms involved in extracellular ATP management are poorly understood, particularly in the human dermis. Here, we explore the role, in human fibroblast migration during wound healing, of Pannexin 1 channels and their relationship with purinergic signals and in vivo cell surface filamentous actin dynamics. Using siRNA against Panx isoforms and different Panx1 channel inhibitors, we demonstrate in cultured human dermal fibroblasts that the absence or inhibition of Panx1 channels accelerates cell migration, increases single-cell motility, and promotes actin redistribution. These changes occur through a mechanism that involves the release of ATP to the extracellular space through a Panx1-dependent mechanism and the activation of the purinergic receptor P2X7. Together, these findings point to a pivotal role of Panx1 channels in skin fibroblast migration and suggest that these channels could be a useful pharmacological target to promote damaged skin healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Flores-Muñoz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (C.F.-M.); (J.M.); (J.V.-N.); (J.N.-M.); (R.C.); (H.A.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.M.C.); (I.E.G.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Jaime Maripillán
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (C.F.-M.); (J.M.); (J.V.-N.); (J.N.-M.); (R.C.); (H.A.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.M.C.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Jacqueline Vásquez-Navarrete
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (C.F.-M.); (J.M.); (J.V.-N.); (J.N.-M.); (R.C.); (H.A.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.M.C.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Joel Novoa-Molina
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (C.F.-M.); (J.M.); (J.V.-N.); (J.N.-M.); (R.C.); (H.A.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.M.C.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Ricardo Ceriani
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (C.F.-M.); (J.M.); (J.V.-N.); (J.N.-M.); (R.C.); (H.A.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.M.C.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Helmuth A. Sánchez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (C.F.-M.); (J.M.); (J.V.-N.); (J.N.-M.); (R.C.); (H.A.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.M.C.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Ana C. Abbott
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (C.F.-M.); (J.M.); (J.V.-N.); (J.N.-M.); (R.C.); (H.A.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.M.C.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Caroline Weinstein-Oppenheimer
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Donald I. Brown
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
| | - Ana María Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (C.F.-M.); (J.M.); (J.V.-N.); (J.N.-M.); (R.C.); (H.A.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.M.C.); (I.E.G.)
| | - Isaac E. García
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (C.F.-M.); (J.M.); (J.V.-N.); (J.N.-M.); (R.C.); (H.A.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.M.C.); (I.E.G.)
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Biofísica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360004, Chile
| | - Agustín D. Martínez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Instituto de Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (C.F.-M.); (J.M.); (J.V.-N.); (J.N.-M.); (R.C.); (H.A.S.); (A.C.A.); (A.M.C.); (I.E.G.)
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Fernandez-Abascal J, Graziano B, Encalada N, Bianchi L. Glial Chloride Channels in the Function of the Nervous System Across Species. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1349:195-223. [PMID: 35138616 PMCID: PMC11247392 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the nervous system, the concentration of Cl- in neurons that express GABA receptors plays a key role in establishing whether these neurons are excitatory, mostly during early development, or inhibitory. Thus, much attention has been dedicated to understanding how neurons regulate their intracellular Cl- concentration. However, regulation of the extracellular Cl- concentration by other cells of the nervous system, including glia and microglia, is as important because it ultimately affects the Cl- equilibrium potential across the neuronal plasma membrane. Moreover, Cl- ions are transported in and out of the cell, via either passive or active transporter systems, as counter ions for K+ whose concentration in the extracellular environment of the nervous system is tightly regulated because it directly affects neuronal excitability. In this book chapter, we report on the Cl- channel types expressed in the various types of glial cells focusing on the role they play in the function of the nervous system in health and disease. Furthermore, we describe the types of stimuli that these channels are activated by, the other solutes that they may transport, and the involvement of these channels in processes such as pH regulation and Regulatory Volume Decrease (RVD). The picture that emerges is one of the glial cells expressing a variety of Cl- channels, encoded by members of different gene families, involved both in short- and long-term regulation of the nervous system function. Finally, we report data on invertebrate model organisms, such as C. elegans and Drosophila, that are revealing important and previously unsuspected functions of some of these channels in the context of living and behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Fernandez-Abascal
- Department Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bianca Graziano
- Department Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Encalada
- Department Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Department Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Sayedyahossein S, Huang K, Li Z, Zhang C, Kozlov AM, Johnston D, Nouri-Nejad D, Dagnino L, Betts DH, Sacks DB, Penuela S. Pannexin 1 binds β-catenin to modulate melanoma cell growth and metabolism. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100478. [PMID: 33647315 PMCID: PMC8027267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin malignancy with increasing incidence worldwide. Pannexin1 (PANX1), a member of the pannexin family of channel-forming glycoproteins, regulates cellular processes in melanoma cells including proliferation, migration, and invasion/metastasis. However, the mechanisms responsible for coordinating and regulating PANX1 function remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated a direct interaction between the C-terminal region of PANX1 and the N-terminal portion of β-catenin, a key transcription factor in the Wnt pathway. At the protein level, β-catenin was significantly decreased when PANX1 was either knocked down or inhibited by two PANX1 blockers, Probenecid and Spironolactone. Immunofluorescence imaging showed a disrupted pattern of β-catenin localization at the cell membrane in PANX1-deficient cells, and transcription of several Wnt target genes, including MITF, was suppressed. In addition, a mitochondrial stress test revealed that the metabolism of PANX1-deficient cells was impaired, indicating a role for PANX1 in the regulation of the melanoma cell metabolic profile. Taken together, our data show that PANX1 directly interacts with β-catenin to modulate growth and metabolism in melanoma cells. These findings provide mechanistic insight into PANX1-mediated melanoma progression and may be applicable to other contexts where PANX1 and β-catenin interact as a potential new component of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sayedyahossein
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhigang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra M Kozlov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Johnston
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Nouri-Nejad
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentristry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean H Betts
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentristry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David B Sacks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Yang Y, Wang L, Chen L, Li L. Pannexin-2, a novel mitochondrial-associated membrane protein, may become the new strategy to treat and prevent neurological disorders. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1178-1180. [PMID: 32770209 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomic, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomic, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomic, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomic, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Navis KE, Fan CY, Trang T, Thompson RJ, Derksen DJ. Pannexin 1 Channels as a Therapeutic Target: Structure, Inhibition, and Outlook. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2163-2172. [PMID: 32639715 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels are transmembrane proteins that release adenosine triphosphate and play an important role in intercellular communication. They are widely expressed in somatic and nervous system tissues, and their activity has been associated with many pathologies such as stroke, epilepsy, inflammation, and chronic pain. While there are a variety of small molecules known to inhibit Panx1, currently little is known about the mechanism of channel inhibition, and there is a dearth of sufficiently potent and selective drugs targeting Panx1. Herein we provide a review of the current literature on Panx1 structural biology and known pharmacological agents that will help provide a basis for rational development of Panx1 chemical modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E. Navis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Churmy Y. Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tuan Trang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Roger J. Thompson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Darren J. Derksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Ruan Z, Orozco IJ, Du J, Lü W. Structures of human pannexin 1 reveal ion pathways and mechanism of gating. Nature 2020; 584:646-651. [PMID: 32494015 PMCID: PMC7814660 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pannexin 1 (PANX1) is an ATP-permeable channel with critical roles in a variety of physiological functions such as blood pressure regulation1, apoptotic cell clearance2 and human oocyte development3. Here we present several structures of human PANX1 in a heptameric assembly at resolutions of up to 2.8 angström, including an apo state, a caspase-7-cleaved state and a carbenoxolone-bound state. We reveal a gating mechanism that involves two ion-conducting pathways. Under normal cellular conditions, the intracellular entry of the wide main pore is physically plugged by the C-terminal tail. Small anions are conducted through narrow tunnels in the intracellular domain. These tunnels connect to the main pore and are gated by a long linker between the N-terminal helix and the first transmembrane helix. During apoptosis, the C-terminal tail is cleaved by caspase, allowing the release of ATP through the main pore. We identified a carbenoxolone-binding site embraced by W74 in the extracellular entrance and a role for carbenoxolone as a channel blocker. We identified a gap-junction-like structure using a glycosylation-deficient mutant, N255A. Our studies provide a solid foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the channel gating and inhibition of PANX1 and related large-pore channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ruan
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Juan Du
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Wei Lü
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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Caufriez A, Böck D, Martin C, Ballet S, Vinken M. Peptide-based targeting of connexins and pannexins for therapeutic purposes. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1213-1222. [PMID: 32539572 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1773787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Connexin and pannexin (hemi)channels play an important role in paracrine and autocrine signaling pathways. The opening of these cellular pores is linked to a wide range of diseases. Therefore, pharmacological closing of connexin and pannexin (hemi)channels seems a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the currently available inhibitors cope with recurring problems concerning selectivity, specificity, stability and/or solubility. AREAS COVERED A number of peptides that mimic specific regions in the native sequence of connexins and pannexins have the potential to overcome some of these hurdles. In this paper, an overview is provided on these peptide-based inhibitors of connexin and pannexin (hemi)channels for therapeutic purposes. The authors also provide the reader with their expert perspectives on the future of these peptide-based inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Peptide mimetics can become valuable tools in the treatment of connexin-related and pannexin-related diseases. This can be made possible provided that available peptides are optimized, and new peptide mimetics are designed based on knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the gating control of connexin and pannexin (hemi)channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Caufriez
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denise Böck
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of in Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , 1090, Brussels, Belgium
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Sang Q, Zhang Z, Shi J, Sun X, Li B, Yan Z, Xue S, Ai A, Lyu Q, Li W, Zhang J, Wu L, Mao X, Chen B, Mu J, Li Q, Du J, Sun Q, Jin L, He L, Zhu S, Kuang Y, Wang L. A pannexin 1 channelopathy causes human oocyte death. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/485/eaav8731. [PMID: 30918116 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav8731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Connexins and pannexins are two protein families that play an important role in cellular communication. Pannexin 1 (PANX1), one of the members of pannexin family, is a channel protein. It is glycosylated and forms three species, GLY0, GLY1, and GLY2. Here, we describe four independent families in which mutations in PANX1 cause familial or sporadic female infertility via a phenotype that we term "oocyte death." The mutations, which are associated with oocyte death, alter the PANX1 glycosylation pattern, influence the subcellular localization of PANX1 in cultured cells, and result in aberrant PANX1 channel activity, ATP release in oocytes, and mutant PANX1 GLY1. Overexpression of a patient-derived mutation in mice causes infertility, recapitulating the human oocyte death phenotype. Our findings demonstrate the critical role of PANX1 in human oocyte development, provide a genetic explanation for a subtype of infertility, and suggest a potential target for therapeutic intervention for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sang
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juanzi Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shaanxi Maternal and Child Care Service Center, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Bin Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Songguo Xue
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 2000120, China
| | - Ai Ai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qifeng Lyu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jilin Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Mao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Biaobang Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Mu
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Du
- Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Li Jin
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shujia Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. .,Shanghai Center for Women and Children's Health, Shanghai 200062, China
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43
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Yang Y, Delalio LJ, Best AK, Macal E, Milstein J, Donnelly I, Miller AM, McBride M, Shu X, Koval M, Isakson BE, Johnstone SR. Endothelial Pannexin 1 Channels Control Inflammation by Regulating Intracellular Calcium. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2995-3007. [PMID: 32312847 PMCID: PMC7336877 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is a significant risk factor in cardiovascular disease that can be targeted to reduce major cardiovascular events. IL-1β expression and release are tightly controlled by changes in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), which has been associated with ATP release and purinergic signaling. Despite this, the mechanisms that regulate these changes have not been identified. The pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels have canonically been implicated in ATP release, especially during inflammation. We examined Panx1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells following treatment with the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Analysis by whole transcriptome sequencing and immunoblot identified a dramatic increase in Panx1 mRNA and protein expression that is regulated in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Furthermore, genetic inhibition of Panx1 reduced the expression and release of IL-1β. We initially hypothesized that increased Panx1-mediated ATP release acted in a paracrine fashion to control cytokine expression. However, our data demonstrate that IL-1β expression was not altered after direct ATP stimulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Because Panx1 forms a large pore channel, we hypothesized it may permit Ca2+ diffusion into the cell to regulate IL-1β. High-throughput flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that TNF-α treatments lead to elevated [Ca2+]i, corresponding with Panx1 membrane localization. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Panx1 reduced TNF-α-associated increases in [Ca2+]i, blocked phosphorylation of the NF-κB-p65 protein, and reduced IL-1β transcription. Taken together, the data in our study provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that [Ca2+]i regulation via the Panx1 channel induces a feed-forward effect on NF-κB to regulate IL-1β synthesis and release in endothelium during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Leon J Delalio
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Angela K Best
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Edgar Macal
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Jenna Milstein
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Iona Donnelly
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley M Miller
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Martin McBride
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908; .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908;
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44
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Yeung AK, Patil CS, Jackson MF. Pannexin‐1 in the CNS: Emerging concepts in health and disease. J Neurochem 2020; 154:468-485. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert K. Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Max Rady College of Medicine Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Chetan S. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Max Rady College of Medicine Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Michael F. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Max Rady College of Medicine Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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45
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Jin Q, Zhang B, Zheng X, Li N, Xu L, Xie Y, Song F, Bhat EA, Chen Y, Gao N, Guo J, Zhang X, Ye S. Cryo-EM structures of human pannexin 1 channel. Cell Res 2020; 30:449-451. [PMID: 32246089 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuheng Jin
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ningning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyi Xu
- Department of Biophysics, Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Biophysics, Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Fangjun Song
- Department of Biophysics, Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Eijaz Ahmed Bhat
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ning Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Guo
- Department of Biophysics, Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China. .,Department of Biophysics, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Sheng Ye
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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46
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Deng Z, He Z, Maksaev G, Bitter RM, Rau M, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Yuan P. Cryo-EM structures of the ATP release channel pannexin 1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:373-381. [PMID: 32231289 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release channel pannexin 1 (PANX1) has been implicated in many physiological and pathophysiological processes associated with purinergic signaling, including cancer progression, apoptotic cell clearance, inflammation, blood pressure regulation, oocyte development, epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Here we present near-atomic-resolution structures of human and frog PANX1 determined by cryo-electron microscopy that revealed a heptameric channel architecture. Compatible with ATP permeation, the transmembrane pore and cytoplasmic vestibule were exceptionally wide. An extracellular tryptophan ring located at the outer pore created a constriction site, potentially functioning as a molecular sieve that restricts the size of permeable substrates. The amino and carboxyl termini, not resolved in the density map, appeared to be structurally dynamic and might contribute to narrowing of the pore during channel gating. In combination with functional characterization, this work elucidates the previously unknown architecture of pannexin channels and establishes a foundation for understanding their unique channel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqin Deng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhihui He
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grigory Maksaev
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan M Bitter
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Rau
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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47
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Pannexin-1 Channel Regulates ATP Release in Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:965-971. [PMID: 32170674 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
With the deepening of research on epilepsy in recent decades, great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. However, the clinical outcome remains unsatisfactory due to the confounding symptoms and complications, as well as complex intrinsic pathogenesis. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of epilepsy should be able to hinder the progress of the disease and improve the therapeutic effectiveness. Since the discovery of pannexin (Panx), unremitting efforts on the study of this gap junction protein family member have revealed its role in participating in the expression of various physiopathological processes. Among them, the activation or inhibition of Panx channel has been shown to regulate the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and other signals, which is very important for the onset and control of nervous system diseases including epilepsy. In this article, we summarize the factors influencing the regulation of Panx channel opening, hoping to find a way to interfere with the activation or inhibition of Panx channel that regulates the signal transduction of ATP and other factors so as to control the progression of epilepsy and improve the quality of life of epileptic patients who fail to respond to the existing medical therapies and those at risk of surgical treatment.
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48
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Cryo-EM structure of human heptameric Pannexin 1 channel. Cell Res 2020; 30:446-448. [PMID: 32203128 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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49
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Michalski K, Syrjanen JL, Henze E, Kumpf J, Furukawa H, Kawate T. The Cryo-EM structure of pannexin 1 reveals unique motifs for ion selection and inhibition. eLife 2020; 9:e54670. [PMID: 32048993 PMCID: PMC7108861 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexins are large-pore forming channels responsible for ATP release under a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Although predicted to share similar membrane topology with other large-pore forming proteins such as connexins, innexins, and LRRC8, pannexins have minimal sequence similarity to these protein families. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of a frog pannexin 1 (Panx1) channel at 3.0 Å. We find that Panx1 protomers harbor four transmembrane helices similar in arrangement to other large-pore forming proteins but assemble as a heptameric channel with a unique constriction formed by Trp74 in the first extracellular loop. Mutating Trp74 or the nearby Arg75 disrupt ion selectivity, whereas altering residues in the hydrophobic groove formed by the two extracellular loops abrogates channel inhibition by carbenoxolone. Our structural and functional study establishes the extracellular loops as important structural motifs for ion selectivity and channel inhibition in Panx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Michalski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Johanna L Syrjanen
- WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Erik Henze
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Julia Kumpf
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Toshimitsu Kawate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaUnited States
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50
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Nielsen BS, Toft-Bertelsen TL, Lolansen SD, Anderson CL, Nielsen MS, Thompson RJ, MacAulay N. Pannexin 1 activation and inhibition is permeant-selective. J Physiol 2020; 598:361-379. [PMID: 31698505 DOI: 10.1113/jp278759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The large-pore channel pannexin 1 (Panx1) is expressed in many cell types and can open upon different, yet not fully established, stimuli. Panx1 permeability is often inferred from channel permeability to fluorescent dyes, but it is currently unknown whether dye permeability translates to permeability to other molecules. Cell shrinkage and C-terminal cleavage led to a Panx1 open-state with increased permeability to atomic ions (current), but did not alter ethidium uptake. Panx1 inhibitors affected Panx1-mediated ion conduction differently from ethidium permeability, and inhibitor efficiency towards a given molecule therefore cannot be extrapolated to its effects on the permeability of another. We conclude that ethidium permeability does not reflect equal permeation of other molecules and thus is no measure of general Panx1 activity. ABSTRACT Pannexin 1 (Panx1) is a large-pore membrane channel connecting the extracellular milieu with the cell interior. While several activation regimes activate Panx1 in a variety of cell types, the selective permeability of an open Panx1 channel remains unresolved: does a given activation paradigm increase Panx1's permeability towards all permeants equally and does fluorescent dye flux serve as a proxy for biological permeation through an open channel? To explore permeant-selectivity of Panx1 activation and inhibition, we employed Panx1-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK293T cells. We report that different mechanisms of activation of Panx1 differentially affected ethidium and atomic ion permeation. Most notably, C-terminal truncation or cell shrinkage elevated Panx1-mediated ion conductance, but had no effect on ethidium permeability. In contrast, extracellular pH changes predominantly affected ethidium permeability but not ionic conductance. High [K+ ]o did not increase the flux of either of the two permeants. Once open, Panx1 demonstrated preference for anionic permeants, such as Cl- , lactate and glutamate, while not supporting osmotic water flow. Panx1 inhibitors displayed enhanced potency towards Panx1-mediated currents compared to that of ethidium uptake. We conclude that activation or inhibition of Panx1 display permeant-selectivity and that permeation of ethidium does not necessarily reflect an equal permeation of smaller biological molecules and atomic ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Skriver Nielsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Lisberg Toft-Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Diana Lolansen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Connor L Anderson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Morten Schak Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger J Thompson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nanna MacAulay
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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