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Harrison PJ, Chandler J, Thompson AJ, Bugg TDH. In vitro assay and inhibition of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) from Solanum lycopersicum and Zea mays. Methods Enzymol 2024; 704:291-312. [PMID: 39300652 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The article reports methods for the expression and assay of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (NCED), an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of phytohormone abscisic acid in plants. A method for the preparation of the unstable substrate 9'-cis-neoxanthin from fresh spinach is described. The inhibition of Solanum lycopersicum NCED by a series of aryl hydroxamic acid inhibitors is illustrated, and inhibitors D2 and D4 are assayed against NCED isozymes from Zea mays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, United Kingdom; Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, United Kingdom.
| | - Jake Chandler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Thompson
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D H Bugg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
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2
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Kawada K, Saito T, Onoda S, Inayama T, Takahashi I, Seto Y, Nomura T, Sasaki Y, Asami T, Yajima S, Ito S. Synthesis of Carlactone Derivatives to Develop a Novel Inhibitor of Strigolactone Biosynthesis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13855-13862. [PMID: 37091382 PMCID: PMC10116532 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), phytohormones that inhibit shoot branching in plants, promote the germination of root-parasitic plants, such as Striga spp. and Orobanche spp., which drastically reduces the crop yield. Therefore, reducing SL production via chemical treatment may increase the crop yield. To design specific inhibitors, it is valid to utilize the substrate structure of the target proteins as lead compounds. In this study, we focused on Os900, a rice enzyme that oxidizes the SL precursor carlactone (CL) to 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO), and synthesized 10 CL derivatives. The effects of the synthesized CL derivatives on SL biosynthesis were evaluated by the Os900 enzyme assay in vitro and by measuring 4DO levels in rice root exudates. We identified some CL derivatives that inhibited SL biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Kawada
- Department
of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
- Graduate
School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Saito
- Department
of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Onoda
- Department
of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Takuma Inayama
- Department
of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduate
School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Seto
- Department
of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1
Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Center
for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya
University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaki
- Department
of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate
School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yajima
- Department
of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Ito
- Department
of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
- . Phone: +81-3-5477-2460
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Ito S. Recent advances in the regulation of root parasitic weed damage by strigolactone-related chemicals. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:247-255. [PMID: 36610999 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Root parasitic weeds such as Striga spp. and Orobanche spp. dramatically reduce the yields of important agricultural crops and cause economic losses of over billions of US dollars worldwide. One reason for the damage by root parasitic weeds is that they germinate after specifically recognizing the host cues, strigolactones (SLs). SLs were identified ˃50 years ago as germination stimulants for root parasitic weeds, and various studies have been conducted to control parasitic weeds using SLs and related chemicals. Recently, biochemical and molecular biological approaches have revealed the SL biosynthesis and SL receptors; using these findings, various SL-related chemicals have been developed. This review summarizes recent research on SLs and their related chemicals for controlling root parasitic weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsaku Ito
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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Kawada K, Koyama T, Takahashi I, Nakamura H, Asami T. Emerging technologies for the chemical control of root parasitic weeds. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2022; 47:101-110. [PMID: 36479457 PMCID: PMC9706279 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d22-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae family include devastating weed species, such as Striga, Orobanche, and Phelipanche, which parasitize major crops, drastically reduces crop yields and cause economic losses of over a billion US dollars worldwide. Advances in basic research on molecular and cellular processes responsible for parasitic relationships has now achieved steady progress through advances in genome analysis, biochemical analysis and structural biology. On the basis of these advances it is now possible to develop chemicals that control parasitism and reduce agricultural damage. In this review we summarized the recent development of chemicals that can control each step of parasitism from strigolactone biosynthesis in host plants to haustorium formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Kawada
- Graduade School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tomoyuki Koyama
- Graduade School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduade School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hidemitsu Nakamura
- Graduade School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduade School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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Kawada K, Sasaki Y, Asami T, Yajima S, Ito S. Insect growth regulators with hydrazide moiety inhibit strigolactone biosynthesis in rice. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2022; 47:43-46. [PMID: 35414758 PMCID: PMC8931560 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d21-063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant hormones involved in several growth and developmental processes. Also, SLs are allelochemicals that induce the seed germination of root parasitic plants and the hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In this study, to identify novel lead chemicals that inhibit SL biosynthesis, we evaluated the effect of agrochemicals on SL biosynthesis. We found that the diacylhydrazine insect growth regulator, chromafenozide, reduced the endogenous level of 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO), a major SL in rice. Furthermore, treatment with the same class of insect growth regulator, methoxyfenozide, also resulted in the reduction of 4DO levels in rice root exudates. These results suggest that chromafenozide and methoxyfenozide are novel lead inhibitors of SL biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Kawada
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156–8502, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaki
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156–8502, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yajima
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156–8502, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Ito
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156–8502, Japan
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Gómez-Gómez L, Diretto G, Ahrazem O, Al-Babili S. Determination of In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Plant Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenases. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2083:63-74. [PMID: 31745913 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9952-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage products, apocarotenoids, are biologically active compounds exerting important functions as chromophore, hormones, signaling molecules, volatiles, and pigments. Apocarotenoids are generally synthesized by the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) that comprise a ubiquitous family of enzymes. The activity of plant CCDs was unraveled more than 20 years ago, with the characterization of the maize VP14, the first identified CCD. The protocol developed to determine the activity of this enzyme in vitro is still being used, with minor modifications. In addition, in vivo procedures have been developed during these years, mainly based on the exploitation of Escherichia coli cells engineered to produce specific carotenoid substrates. Further, technological developments have led to significant improvements, contributing to a more efficient detection of the reaction products. This chapter provides an updated set of detailed protocols suitable for the in vitro and in vivo characterization of the activities of CCDs, starting from well-established methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The Bioactives Lab, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Liang MH, Wu FC, Liang ZC, Chen HH, Jiang JG. Induction of carotenoid cleavage by salt stress and the effect of their products on cell growth and pigment accumulation in Dunaliella sp. FACHB-847. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cazzonelli CI, Hou X, Alagoz Y, Rivers J, Dhami N, Lee J, Marri S, Pogson BJ. A cis-carotene derived apocarotenoid regulates etioplast and chloroplast development. eLife 2020; 9:45310. [PMID: 32003746 PMCID: PMC6994220 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are a core plastid component and yet their regulatory function during plastid biogenesis remains enigmatic. A unique carotenoid biosynthesis mutant, carotenoid chloroplast regulation 2 (ccr2), that has no prolamellar body (PLB) and normal PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE (POR) levels, was used to demonstrate a regulatory function for carotenoids and their derivatives under varied dark-light regimes. A forward genetics approach revealed how an epistatic interaction between a ζ-carotene isomerase mutant (ziso-155) and ccr2 blocked the biosynthesis of specific cis-carotenes and restored PLB formation in etioplasts. We attributed this to a novel apocarotenoid retrograde signal, as chemical inhibition of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase activity restored PLB formation in ccr2 etioplasts during skotomorphogenesis. The apocarotenoid acted in parallel to the repressor of photomorphogenesis, DEETIOLATED1 (DET1), to transcriptionally regulate PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE (POR), PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 (PIF3) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5). The unknown apocarotenoid signal restored POR protein levels and PLB formation in det1, thereby controlling plastid development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Hou
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yagiz Alagoz
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - John Rivers
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Namraj Dhami
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Centre for Advanced Microscopy, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Shashikanth Marri
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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9
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Yoneyama K, Xie X, Yoneyama K, Nomura T, Takahashi I, Asami T, Mori N, Akiyama K, Kusajima M, Nakashita H. Regulation of biosynthesis, perception, and functions of strigolactones for promoting arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and managing root parasitic weeds. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2353-2359. [PMID: 30843315 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived plant secondary metabolites that play important roles in various aspects of plant growth and development as plant hormones, and in rhizosphere communications with symbiotic microbes and also root parasitic weeds. Therefore, sophisticated regulation of the biosynthesis, perception and functions of SLs is expected to promote symbiosis of beneficial microbes including arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and also to retard parasitism by devastating root parasitic weeds. We have developed SL mimics with different skeletons, SL biosynthesis inhibitors acting at different biosynthetic steps, SL perception inhibitors that covalently bind to the SL receptor D14, and SL function inhibitors that bind to the serine residue at the catalytic site. In greenhouse pot tests, TIS108, an azole-type SL biosynthesis inhibitor effectively reduced numbers of attached root parasites Orobanche minor and Striga hermonthica without affecting their host plants; tomato and rice, respectively. AM colonization resulted in weak but distinctly enhanced plant resistance to pathogens. SL mimics can be used to promote AM symbiosis and to reduce the application rate of systemic-acquired resistance inducers which are generally phytotoxic to horticultural crops. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Xiaonan Xie
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Kaori Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Takahito Nomura
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narumi Mori
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Kohki Akiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kusajima
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Bioresources Development, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Awara, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakashita
- Research Center for Bioresources Development, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Awara, Japan
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Carballo-Uicab VM, Cárdenas-Conejo Y, Vallejo-Cardona AA, Aguilar-Espinosa M, Rodríguez-Campos J, Serrano-Posada H, Narváez-Zapata JA, Vázquez-Flota F, Rivera-Madrid R. Isolation and functional characterization of two dioxygenases putatively involved in bixin biosynthesis in annatto ( Bixa orellana L.). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7064. [PMID: 31275744 PMCID: PMC6592262 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) are enzymes that have been implicated in the biosynthesis of a wide diversity of secondary metabolites with important economic value, including bixin. Bixin is the second most used pigment in the world's food industry worldwide, and its main source is the aril of achiote (Bixa orellana L.) seeds. A recent transcriptome analysis of B. orellana identified a new set of eight CCD members (BoCCD4s and BoCCD1s) potentially involved in bixin synthesis. We used several approaches in order to discriminate the best candidates with CCDs genes. A reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) expression analysis was carried out in five developmental stages of two accessions of B. orellana seeds with different bixin contents: (P13W, low bixin producer and N4P, high bixin producer). The results showed that three BoCCDs (BoCCD4-1, BoCCD4-3, and BoCCD1-1) had an expression pattern consistent with bixin accumulation during seed development. Additionally, an alignment of the CCD enzyme family and homology models of proteins were generated to verify whether the newly proposed CCD enzymes were bona fide CCDs. The study confirmed that these three enzymes were well-preserved and belonged to the CCD family. In a second selection round, the three CCD genes were analyzed by in situ RT-qPCR in seed tissue. Results indicated that BoCCD4-3 and BoCCD1-1 exhibited tissue-specific expressions in the seed aril. To test whether the two selected CCDs had enzymatic activity, they were expressed in Escherichia coli; activity was determined by identifying their products in the crude extract using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The cleavage product (bixin aldehyde) was also analyzed by Fourier transform infrared. The results indicated that both BoCCD4-3 and BoCCD1-1 cleave lycopene in vitro at 5,6-5',6'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Manuel Carballo-Uicab
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Yair Cárdenas-Conejo
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología. CONACYT, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, México
| | - Alba Adriana Vallejo-Cardona
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Margarita Aguilar-Espinosa
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Jacobo Rodríguez-Campos
- Unidad de Servicios Analíticos y Metrológicos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Hugo Serrano-Posada
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología. CONACYT, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, México
| | | | - Felipe Vázquez-Flota
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Renata Rivera-Madrid
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Jiang K, Asami T. Chemical regulators of plant hormones and their applications in basic research and agriculture*. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1265-1300. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1462693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Plant hormones are small molecules that play versatile roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. Classic methodologies, including genetics, analytic chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology, have contributed to the progress in plant hormone studies. In addition, chemical regulators of plant hormone functions have been important in such studies. Today, synthetic chemicals, including plant growth regulators, are used to study and manipulate biological systems, collectively referred to as chemical biology. Here, we summarize the available chemical regulators and their contributions to plant hormone studies. We also pose questions that remain to be addressed in plant hormone studies and that might be solved with the help of chemical regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Dejonghe W, Okamoto M, Cutler SR. Small Molecule Probes of ABA Biosynthesis and Signaling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1490-1499. [PMID: 29986078 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone ABA mediates many physiological and developmental responses, and its key role in plant water relations has fueled efforts to improve crop water productivity by manipulating ABA responses. ABA's core signaling components are encoded by large gene families, which has hampered functional studies using classical genetic approaches due to redundancy. Chemical approaches can complement genetic approaches and have the advantage of delivering both biological probes and potential agrochemical leads; these benefits have spawned the discovery and design of new chemical modulators of ABA signaling and biosynthesis, which have contributed to the identification of ABA receptors and helped to define PYR1 and related subfamily III receptors as key cellular targets for chemically manipulating water productivity. In this review, we provide an overview of small molecules that have helped dissect both ABA signaling and metabolic pathways. We further discuss how the insights gleaned using ABA probe molecules might be translated to improvements in crop water productivity and future opportunities for development of small molecules that affect ABA metabolism and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Dejonghe
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sean R Cutler
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Sankari M, Rao PR, Hemachandran H, Pullela PK, Doss C GP, Tayubi IA, Subramanian B, Gothandam KM, Singh P, Ramamoorthy S. Prospects and progress in the production of valuable carotenoids: Insights from metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and computational approaches. J Biotechnol 2018; 266:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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14
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Awan SZ, Chandler JO, Harrison PJ, Sergeant MJ, Bugg TDH, Thompson AJ. Promotion of Germination Using Hydroxamic Acid Inhibitors of 9- cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:357. [PMID: 28373878 PMCID: PMC5357653 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibits seed germination and the regulation of ABA biosynthesis has a role in maintenance of seed dormancy. The key rate-limiting step in ABA biosynthesis is catalyzed by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED). Two hydroxamic acid inhibitors of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD), D4 and D7, previously found to inhibit CCD and NCED in vitro, are shown to have the novel property of decreasing mean germination time of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seeds constitutively overexpressing LeNCED1. Post-germination, D4 exhibited no negative effects on tomato seedling growth in terms of height, dry weight, and fresh weight. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds containing a tetracycline-inducible LeNCED1 transgene were used to show that germination could be negatively and positively controlled through the chemical induction of gene expression and the chemical inhibition of the NCED protein: application of tetracycline increased mean germination time and delayed hypocotyl emergence in a similar manner to that observed when exogenous ABA was applied and this was reversed by D4 when NCED expression was induced at intermediate levels. D4 also improved germination in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds under thermoinhibitory temperatures and in tomato seeds imbibed in high osmolarity solutions of polyethylene glycol. D4 reduced ABA and dihydrophaseic acid accumulation in tomato seeds overexpressing LeNCED1 and reduced ABA accumulation in wild type tomato seeds imbibed on polyethylene glycol. The evidence supports a mode of action of D4 through NCED inhibition, and this molecule provides a lead compound for the design of NCED inhibitors with greater specificity and potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Z. Awan
- School of Life Sciences, University of WarwickCoventry, UK
| | - Jake O. Chandler
- School of Life Sciences, University of WarwickCoventry, UK
- Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Cranfield UniversityCranfield, UK
| | | | | | | | - Andrew J. Thompson
- Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Cranfield UniversityCranfield, UK
- *Correspondence: Andrew J. Thompson
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Ahrazem O, Rubio-Moraga A, Nebauer SG, Molina RV, Gómez-Gómez L. Saffron: Its Phytochemistry, Developmental Processes, and Biotechnological Prospects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8751-64. [PMID: 26414550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present state of knowledge concerning developmental processes and the secondary metabolism of saffron, Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae), along with the genes involved in these processes so far known, is reviewed. Flowers and corms constitute the most valuable parts of saffron. Corm and flower development are two key aspects to be studied in saffron to increase the yield and quality of the spice, to raise its reproductive rate, and to implement new production systems. Important knowledge about the physiology of flowering and vegetative growth has been acquired in recent years, but there is still only limited information on molecular mechanisms controlling these processes. Although some genes involved in flower formation and meristem transition in other species have been isolated in saffron, the role of these genes in this species awaits further progress. Also, genes related with the synthesis pathway of abscisic acid and strigolactones, growth regulators related with bud endodormancy and apical dominance (paradormancy), have been isolated. However, the in-depth understanding of these processes as well as of corm development is far from being achieved. By contrast, saffron phytochemicals have been widely studied. The different flower tissues and the corm have been proved to be an important source of phytochemicals with pharmacological properties. The biotechnological prospects for saffron are here reviewed on the basis of the discovery of the enzymes involved in key aspects of saffron secondary metabolism, and we also analyze the possibility of transferring current knowledge about flowering and vegetative propagation in model species to the Crocus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Fundación Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Angela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Departamento de Biologı́a Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Victoria Molina
- Departamento de Biologı́a Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia , 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a Agroforestal y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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16
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McQuinn RP, Giovannoni JJ, Pogson BJ. More than meets the eye: from carotenoid biosynthesis, to new insights into apocarotenoid signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 27:172-9. [PMID: 26302169 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are a class of isoprenoids synthesized almost exclusively in plants involved in a myriad of roles including the provision of flower and fruit pigmentation for the attraction of pollinators and seed dispersing organisms. While carotenoids are essential throughout plant development, they are also extremely important in human diets providing necessary nutrition and aiding in the prevention of various cancers, age-related diseases and macular degeneration. Utilization of multiple plant models systems (i.e. Arabidopsis; maize; and tomato) has provided a comprehensive framework detailing the regulation of carotenogenesis throughout plant development covering all levels of genetic regulation from epigenetic to post-translational modifications. That said, the understanding of how carotenoids self-regulate remains fragmented. Recent reports demonstrate the potential influence of carotenoid-cleavage products (apocarotenoids) as signaling molecules regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in addition to various aspects of plants development (i.e. leaf and root development). This review highlights recent advances in carotenogenic regulation and insights into potential roles of novel apocarotenoids in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P McQuinn
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - James J Giovannoni
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Barry J Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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17
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Harrison PJ, Newgas SA, Descombes F, Shepherd SA, Thompson AJ, Bugg TDH. Biochemical characterization and selective inhibition of β-carotenecis-transisomerase D27 and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase CCD8 on the strigolactone biosynthetic pathway. FEBS J 2015; 282:3986-4000. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew J. Thompson
- Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute; Cranfield University; Cranfield UK
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18
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Stes E, Depuydt S, De Keyser A, Matthys C, Audenaert K, Yoneyama K, Werbrouck S, Goormachtig S, Vereecke D. Strigolactones as an auxiliary hormonal defence mechanism against leafy gall syndrome in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5123-34. [PMID: 26136271 PMCID: PMC4513927 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leafy gall syndrome is the consequence of modified plant development in response to a mixture of cytokinins secreted by the biotrophic actinomycete Rhodococcus fascians. The similarity of the induced symptoms with the phenotype of plant mutants defective in strigolactone biosynthesis and signalling prompted an evaluation of the involvement of strigolactones in this pathology. All tested strigolactone-related Arabidopsis thaliana mutants were hypersensitive to R. fascians. Moreover, treatment with the synthetic strigolactone mixture GR24 and with the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase inhibitor D2 illustrated that strigolactones acted as antagonistic compounds that restricted the morphogenic activity of R. fascians. Transcript profiling of the MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1), MAX2, MAX3, MAX4, and BRANCHED1 (BRC1) genes in the wild-type Columbia-0 accession and in different mutant backgrounds revealed that upregulation of strigolactone biosynthesis genes was triggered indirectly by the bacterial cytokinins via host-derived auxin and led to the activation of BRC1 expression, inhibiting the outgrowth of the newly developing shoots, a typical hallmark of leafy gall syndrome. Taken together, these data support the emerging insight that balances are critical for optimal leafy gall development: the long-lasting biotrophic interaction is possible only because the host activates a set of countermeasures-including the strigolactone response-in reaction to bacterial cytokinins to constrain the activity of R. fascians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Stes
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Gent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Annick De Keyser
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Cedrick Matthys
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kris Audenaert
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Koichi Yoneyama
- Center for Bioscience Research & Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan
| | - Stefaan Werbrouck
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Goormachtig
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Danny Vereecke
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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19
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Chemical intervention in bacterial lignin degradation pathways: Development of selective inhibitors for intradiol and extradiol catechol dioxygenases. Bioorg Chem 2015; 60:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Gandhi SG, Mahajan V, Bedi YS. Changing trends in biotechnology of secondary metabolism in medicinal and aromatic plants. PLANTA 2015; 241:303-17. [PMID: 25549846 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal and aromatic plants are known to produce secondary metabolites that find uses as flavoring agents, fragrances, insecticides, dyes and drugs. Biotechnology offers several choices through which secondary metabolism in medicinal plants can be altered in innovative ways, to overproduce phytochemicals of interest, to reduce the content of toxic compounds or even to produce novel chemicals. Detailed investigation of chromatin organization and microRNAs affecting biosynthesis of secondary metabolites as well as exploring cryptic biosynthetic clusters and synthetic biology options, may provide additional ways to harness this resource. Plant secondary metabolites are a fascinating class of phytochemicals exhibiting immense chemical diversity. Considerable enigma regarding their natural biological functions and the vast array of pharmacological activities, amongst other uses, make secondary metabolites interesting and important candidates for research. Here, we present an update on changing trends in the biotechnological approaches that are used to understand and exploit the secondary metabolism in medicinal and aromatic plants. Bioprocessing in the form of suspension culture, organ culture or transformed hairy roots has been successful in scaling up secondary metabolite production in many cases. Pathway elucidation and metabolic engineering have been useful to get enhanced yield of the metabolite of interest; or, for producing novel metabolites. Heterologous expression of putative plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes in a microbe is useful to validate their functions, and in some cases, also, to produce plant metabolites in microbes. Endophytes, the microbes that normally colonize plant tissues, may also produce the phytochemicals produced by the host plant. The review also provides perspectives on future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit G Gandhi
- Plant Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, 180001, India,
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21
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Matusova R, Charnikhova T, Amini M, Jamil M, Fernandez-Aparicio M, Huang K, Timko MP, Westwood JH, Ruyter-Spira C, van der Krol S, Bouwmeester HJ. Striga hermonthica MAX2 restores branching but not the Very Low Fluence Response in the Arabidopsis thaliana max2 mutant. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:531-541. [PMID: 24483232 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination of Striga spp. (witchweeds), one of the world's most destructive parasitic weeds, cannot be induced by light but is specifically induced by strigolactones. It is not known whether Striga uses the same components for strigolactone signaling as host plants, whether it has endogenous strigolactone biosynthesis and whether there is post-germination strigolactone signaling in Striga. Strigolactones could not be detected in in vitro grown Striga, while for host-grown Striga, the strigolactone profile is dominated by a subset of the strigolactones present in the host. Branching of in vitro grown Striga is affected by strigolactone biosynthesis inhibitors. ShMAX2, the Striga ortholog of Arabidopsis MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING 2 (AtMAX2) - which mediates strigolactone signaling - complements several of the Arabidopsis max2-1 phenotypes, including the root and shoot phenotype, the High Irradiance Response and the response to strigolactones. Seed germination of max2-1 complemented with ShMAX2 showed no complementation of the Very Low Fluence Response phenotype of max2-1. Results provide indirect evidence for ShMAX2 functions in Striga. A putative role of ShMAX2 in strigolactone-dependent seed germination of Striga is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Radoslava Matusova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Amini
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Monica Fernandez-Aparicio
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, IAS-CSIC, Córdoba, 14080, Spain
| | - Kan Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - James H Westwood
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Plant Research International, Business Unit Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander van der Krol
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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22
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Van Norman JM, Zhang J, Cazzonelli CI, Pogson BJ, Harrison PJ, Bugg TDH, Chan KX, Thompson AJ, Benfey PN. Periodic root branching in Arabidopsis requires synthesis of an uncharacterized carotenoid derivative. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E1300-9. [PMID: 24639533 PMCID: PMC3977299 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1403016111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, continuous formation of lateral roots (LRs) facilitates efficient exploration of the soil environment. Roots can maximize developmental capacity in variable environmental conditions through establishment of sites competent to form LRs. This LR prepattern is established by a periodic oscillation in gene expression near the root tip. The spatial distribution of competent (prebranch) sites results from the interplay between this periodic process and primary root growth; yet, much about this oscillatory process and the formation of prebranch sites remains unknown. We find that disruption of carotenoid biosynthesis results in seedlings with very few LRs. Carotenoids are further required for the output of the LR clock because inhibition of carotenoid synthesis also results in fewer sites competent to form LRs. Genetic analyses and a carotenoid cleavage inhibitor indicate that an apocarotenoid, distinct from abscisic acid or strigolactone, is specifically required for LR formation. Expression of a key carotenoid biosynthesis gene occurs in a spatially specific pattern along the root's axis, suggesting spatial regulation of carotenoid synthesis. These results indicate that developmental prepatterning of LRs requires an uncharacterized carotenoid-derived molecule. We propose that this molecule functions non-cell-autonomously in establishment of the LR prepattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Duke Center for Systems Biology and
| | - Christopher I. Cazzonelli
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Barry J. Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Peter J. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; and
| | - Timothy D. H. Bugg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kai Xun Chan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Thompson
- Cranfield Soil and Agri-Food Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Philip N. Benfey
- Department of Biology, Duke Center for Systems Biology and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
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23
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Enzymology of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases: Reaction mechanisms, inhibition and biochemical roles. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 544:105-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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24
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Nakamura H, Asami T. Target sites for chemical regulation of strigolactone signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:623. [PMID: 25414720 PMCID: PMC4220635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Demands for plant growth regulators (PGRs; chemicals that control plant growth) are increasing globally, especially in developing countries. Both positive and negative PGRs are widely used to enhance crop production and to suppress unwanted shoot growth, respectively. Strigolactones (SLs) are multifunctional molecules that function as phytohormones, inhibiting shoot branching and also functioning in the rhizospheric communication with symbiotic fungi and parasitic weeds. Therefore, it is anticipated that chemicals that regulate the functions of SLs will be widely used in agricultural applications. Although the SL biosynthetic pathway is not fully understood, it has been demonstrated that β-carotene isomerases, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs), and a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase are involved in strigolactone biosynthesis. A CCD inhibitor, abamine, which is also an inhibitor of abscisic acid biosynthesis, reduces the levels of SL in several plant species and reduces the germination rate of Orobanche minor seeds grown with tobacco. On the basis of the structure of abamine, several chemicals have been designed to specifically inhibit CCDs during SL synthesis. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase is another target enzyme in the development of SL biosynthesis inhibitors, and the triazole-derived TIS series of chemicals is known to include SL biosynthesis inhibitors, although their target enzyme has not been identified. Recently, DWARF14 (D14) has been shown to be a receptor for SLs, and the D-ring moiety of SL is essential for its recognition by D14. A variety of SL agonists are currently under development and most agonists commonly contain the D-ring or a D-ring-like moiety. Several research groups have also resolved the crystal structure of D14 in the last two years. It is expected that this information on the D14 structure will be invaluable not only for developing SL agonists with novel structures but also in the design of inhibitors of SL receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemitsu Nakamura
- The Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- The Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Program of Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologyKawaguchi, Japan
- King Abdulaziz UniversityJedda, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Tadao Asami, The Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan e-mail:
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25
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26
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Sergeant MJ, Harrison PJ, Jenkins R, Moran GR, Bugg TDH, Thompson AJ. Phytotoxic effects of selected N-benzyl-benzoylhydroxamic acid metallo-oxygenase inhibitors: investigation into mechanism of action. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Seto Y, Kameoka H, Yamaguchi S, Kyozuka J. Recent advances in strigolactone research: chemical and biological aspects. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:1843-53. [PMID: 23054391 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of terpenoid lactones that were discovered in the 1960s. They were initially characterized as allelochemicals secreted from roots to the rhizosphere, and have functions in parasitic and symbiotic interactions with root parasitic plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, respectively. In 2008, SLs were shown to act as endogenous hormones that regulate shoot branching. The discovery of a hormonal function for SLs has provided a link between genetically studied shoot branching mutants and chemically characterized SLs in earlier studies. This has offered new strategies and experimental tools to address a number of intriguing questions as to the biological function and molecular action of SLs. In this review, we will provide an overview of recent topics on SLs, and highlight new discoveries regarding its biosynthetic pathway and multiple hormonal roles in plant development and adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Seto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577 Japan
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28
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Rodríguez-Ávila NL, Narváez-Zapata JA, Ramírez-Benítez JE, Aguilar-Espinosa ML, Rivera-Madrid R. Identification and expression pattern of a new carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase gene member from Bixa orellana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:5385-95. [PMID: 21813796 PMCID: PMC3223038 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) are a class of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of a broad diversity of secondary metabolites known as apocarotenoids. In plants, CCDs are part of a genetic family with members which cleave specific double bonds of carotenoid molecules. CCDs are involved in the production of diverse and important metabolites such as vitamin A and abscisic acid (ABA). Bixa orellana L. is the main source of the natural pigment annatto or bixin, an apocarotenoid accumulated in large quantities in its seeds. Bixin biosynthesis has been studied and the involvement of a CCD has been confirmed in vitro. However, the CCD genes involved in the biosynthesis of the wide variety of apocarotenoids found in this plant have not been well documented. In this study, a new CCD1 gene member (BoCCD1) was identified and its expression was charaterized in different plant tissues of B. orellana plantlets and adult plants. The BoCCD1 sequence showed high homology with plant CCD1s involved mainly in the cleavage of carotenoids in several sites to generate multiple apocarotenoid products. Here, the expression profiles of the BoCCD1 gene were analysed and discussed in relation to total carotenoids and other important apocarotenoids such as bixin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. L. Rodríguez-Ávila
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - J. A. Narváez-Zapata
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. del Maestro s/n, Col. Narciso Mendoza, 88710 Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
| | - J. E. Ramírez-Benítez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - M. L. Aguilar-Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - R. Rivera-Madrid
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Hwang I, Kim SY, Kim CS, Park Y, Tripathi GR, Kim SK, Cheong H. Over-expression of the IGI1 leading to altered shoot-branching development related to MAX pathway in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 73:629-41. [PMID: 20473553 PMCID: PMC2898107 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Shoot branching and growth are controlled by phytohormones such as auxin and other components in Arabidopsis. We identified a mutant (igi1) showing decreased height and bunchy branching patterns. The phenotypes reverted to the wild type in response to RNA interference with the IGI1 gene. Histochemical analysis by GUS assay revealed tissue-specific gene expression in the anther and showed that the expression levels of the IGI1 gene in apical parts, including flowers, were higher than in other parts of the plants. The auxin biosynthesis component gene, CYP79B2, was up-regulated in igi1 mutants and the IGI1 gene was down-regulated by IAA treatment. These results indicated that there is an interplay regulation between IGI1 and phytohormone auxin. Moreover, the expression of the auxin-related shoot branching regulation genes, MAX3 and MAX4, was down-regulated in igi1 mutants. Taken together, these results indicate that the overexpression of the IGI1 influenced MAX pathway in the shoot branching regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indeok Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21 Research Team for Protein Activity Control, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759 Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Agricultural Plant Stress Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21 Research Team for Protein Activity Control, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759 Korea
| | - Giri Raj Tripathi
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Katgmandu, Nepal
| | - Seong-Ki Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756 Korea
| | - Hyeonsook Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21 Research Team for Protein Activity Control, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759 Korea
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López-Ráez JA, Kohlen W, Charnikhova T, Mulder P, Undas AK, Sergeant MJ, Verstappen F, Bugg TDH, Thompson AJ, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester H. Does abscisic acid affect strigolactone biosynthesis? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 187:343-354. [PMID: 20487312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
*Strigolactones are considered a novel class of plant hormones that, in addition to their endogenous signalling function, are exuded into the rhizosphere acting as a signal to stimulate hyphal branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and germination of root parasitic plant seeds. Considering the importance of the strigolactones and their biosynthetic origin (from carotenoids), we investigated the relationship with the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). *Strigolactone production and ABA content in the presence of specific inhibitors of oxidative carotenoid cleavage enzymes and in several tomato ABA-deficient mutants were analysed by LC-MS/MS. In addition, the expression of two genes involved in strigolactone biosynthesis was studied. *The carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) inhibitor D2 reduced strigolactone but not ABA content of roots. However, in abamineSG-treated plants, an inhibitor of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), and the ABA mutants notabilis, sitiens and flacca, ABA and strigolactones were greatly reduced. The reduction in strigolactone production correlated with the downregulation of LeCCD7 and LeCCD8 genes in all three mutants. *The results show a correlation between ABA levels and strigolactone production, and suggest a role for ABA in the regulation of strigolactone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A López-Ráez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Wouter Kohlen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mulder
- RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Bornsesteeg 45, NL-6708 PD Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anna K Undas
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, PO Box 98, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin J Sergeant
- Warwick-HRI, Wellesbourne, University of Warwick, Warwickshire, CV35 9EF, UK
| | - Francel Verstappen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, PO Box 98, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Timothy D H Bugg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Andrew J Thompson
- Warwick-HRI, Wellesbourne, University of Warwick, Warwickshire, CV35 9EF, UK
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, PO Box 98, NL-6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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31
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Ito S, Kitahata N, Umehara M, Hanada A, Kato A, Ueno K, Mashiguchi K, Kyozuka J, Yoneyama K, Yamaguchi S, Asami T. A new lead chemical for strigolactone biosynthesis inhibitors. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:1143-50. [PMID: 20522488 PMCID: PMC2900822 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Several triazole-containing chemicals have previously been shown to act as efficient inhibitors of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. To discover a strigolactone biosynthesis inhibitor, we screened a chemical library of triazole derivatives to find chemicals that induce tiller bud outgrowth of rice seedlings. We discovered a triazole-type chemical, TIS13 [2,2-dimethyl-7-phenoxy-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)heptan-3-ol], which induced outgrowth of second tiller buds of wild-type seedlings, as observed for non-treated strigolactone-deficient d10 mutant seedlings. TIS13 treatment reduced strigolactone levels in both roots and root exudates in a concentration-dependent manner. Co-application of GR24, a synthetic strigolactone, with TIS13 canceled the TIS13-induced tiller bud outgrowth. Taken together, these results indicate that TIS13 inhibits strigolactone biosynthesis in rice seedlings. We propose that TIS13 is a new lead compound for the development of specific strigolactone biosynthesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsaku Ito
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Nobutaka Kitahata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | | | - Atsutaka Kato
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Kotomi Ueno
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | | | - Junko Kyozuka
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Koichi Yoneyama
- Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, 321-8505 Japan
| | | | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
- *Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +81-3-5841-5157
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32
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Lobo GP, Amengual J, Li HNM, Golczak M, Bonet ML, Palczewski K, von Lintig J. Beta,beta-carotene decreases peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma activity and reduces lipid storage capacity of adipocytes in a beta,beta-carotene oxygenase 1-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27891-9. [PMID: 20573961 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.132571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has been provided for a connection between retinoid metabolism and the activity of peroxisome proliferator receptors (Ppars) in the control of body fat reserves. Two different precursors for retinoids exist in the diet as preformed vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) and provitamin A (beta,beta-carotene). For retinoid production, beta,beta-carotene is converted to retinaldehyde by beta,beta-carotene monooxygenase 1 (Bcmo1). Previous analysis showed that Bcmo1 knock-out mice develop dyslipidemia and are more susceptible to diet-induced obesity. However, the role of Bcmo1 for adipocyte retinoid metabolism has yet not been well defined. Here, we showed that Bcmo1 mRNA and protein expression are induced during adipogenesis in NIH 3T3-L1 cells. In mature adipocytes, beta,beta-carotene but not all-trans-retinol was metabolized to retinoic acid (RA). RA decreased the expression of Ppar gamma and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, key lipogenic transcription factors, and reduced the lipid content of mature adipocytes. This process was inhibited by the retinoic acid receptor antagonist LE450, showing that it involves canonical retinoid signaling. Accordingly, gavage of beta,beta-carotene but not all-trans-retinol induced retinoid signaling and decreased Ppar gamma expression in white adipose tissue of vitamin A-deficient mice. Our study identifies beta,beta-carotene as a critical physiological precursor for RA production in adipocytes and implicates provitamin A as a dietary regulator of body fat reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn P Lobo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) were originally isolated from plant root exudates as germination stimulants for root parasitic plants of the family Orobanchaceae, including witchweeds (Striga spp.), broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.), and Alectra spp., and so were regarded as detrimental to the producing plants. Their role as indispensable chemical signals for root colonization by symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was subsequently unveiled, and SLs then became recognized as beneficial plant metabolites. In addition to these functions in the rhizosphere, it has been recently shown that SLs or their metabolites are a novel class of plant hormones that inhibit shoot branching. Furthermore, SLs are suggested to have other biological functions in rhizosphere communications and in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Xie
- Weed Science Center, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan.
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Abstract
The success of the genomics revolution to construct a genetic architecture of a variety of model organisms has placed functional biologists under pressure to show what each individual gene does in vivo. Traditionally, this task has fallen on geneticists who systematically perturb gene function and study the consequences. With the advent of large, easily accessible, small-molecule libraries and new methods of chemical synthesis, biologists now have new ways to probe gene function. Often called chemical genetics, this approach involves the screening of compounds that perturb a process of interest. In this scenario, each perturbing chemical is analogous to a specific mutation. Here, we summarize, with specific examples, how chemical genetics is being used in combination with traditional genetics to address problems in plant biology. Because chemical genetics is rooted in genetic analysis, we focus on how chemicals used in combination with genetics can be very powerful in dissecting a process of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter McCourt
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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35
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Dun EA, Brewer PB, Beveridge CA. Strigolactones: discovery of the elusive shoot branching hormone. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2009; 14:364-72. [PMID: 19540149 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The control of axillary bud outgrowth involves a network of hormonal signals and feedback regulation. A repressor of bud outgrowth that is central to the story has been missing since it was first postulated more than 70 years ago. This hormone moves upward in plant stems and can act as a long-distance messenger for auxin. Strigolactones, previously known as carotenoid-derived signals exuded from roots, fit the role of this elusive hormone. The discovery of branching inhibition by strigolactones will help solve many confusing aspects of branch control, including interactions with other signals, and is a great step forward toward uncovering the links between environment, genetics and plant form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Dun
- The University of Queensland, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Rosati C, Diretto G, Giuliano G. Biosynthesis and Engineering of Carotenoids and Apocarotenoids in Plants: State of the Art and Future Prospects. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2009; 26:139-62. [DOI: 10.5661/bger-26-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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