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Yong J, Song J. CaMKII activity and metabolic imbalance-related neurological diseases: Focus on vascular dysfunction, synaptic plasticity, amyloid beta accumulation, and lipid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116688. [PMID: 38692060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, excessive fat accumulation and dyslipidemia, and is known to be accompanied by neuropathological symptoms such as memory loss, anxiety, and depression. As the number of MetS patients is rapidly increasing globally, studies on the mechanisms of metabolic imbalance-related neuropathology are emerging as an important issue. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is the main Ca2+ sensor and contributes to diverse intracellular signaling in peripheral organs and the central nervous system (CNS). CaMKII exerts diverse functions in cells, related to mechanisms such as RNA splicing, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytoskeleton, and protein-protein interactions. In the CNS, CaMKII regulates vascular function, neuronal circuits, neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, amyloid beta toxicity, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Here, we review recent evidence for the role of CaMKII in neuropathologic issues associated with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsik Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Bonifazi G, Luchena C, Gaminde-Blasco A, Ortiz-Sanz C, Capetillo-Zarate E, Matute C, Alberdi E, De Pittà M. A nonlinear meccano for Alzheimer's emergence by amyloid β-mediated glutamatergic hyperactivity. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 194:106473. [PMID: 38493903 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to begin many years before the formal diagnosis of AD dementia. This protracted preclinical phase offers a crucial window for potential therapeutic interventions, yet its comprehensive characterization remains elusive. Accumulating evidence suggests that amyloid-β (Aβ) may mediate neuronal hyperactivity in circuit dysfunction in the early stages of AD. At the same time, neural activity can also facilitate Aβ accumulation through intricate feed-forward interactions, complicating elucidating the conditions governing Aβ-dependent hyperactivity and its diagnostic utility. In this study, we use biophysical modeling to shed light on such conditions. Our analysis reveals that the inherently nonlinear nature of the underlying molecular interactions can give rise to the emergence of various modes of hyperactivity. This diversity in the mechanisms of hyperactivity may ultimately account for a spectrum of AD manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bonifazi
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Alameda Mazarredo 14, Bilbao 48009, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto M5T 0S8, ON, Canada
| | - Celia Luchena
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Adhara Gaminde-Blasco
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortiz-Sanz
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Capetillo-Zarate
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Elena Alberdi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Maurizio De Pittà
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Alameda Mazarredo 14, Bilbao 48009, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain; Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto M5T 0S8, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada.
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Bigi A, Napolitano L, Vadukul DM, Chiti F, Cecchi C, Aprile FA, Cascella R. A single-domain antibody detects and neutralises toxic Aβ 42 oligomers in the Alzheimer's disease CSF. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:13. [PMID: 38238842 PMCID: PMC10795411 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) aggregation consists of a complex chain of nucleation events producing soluble oligomeric intermediates, which are considered the major neurotoxic agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cerebral lesions in the brain of AD patients start to develop 20 years before symptom onset; however, no preventive strategies, effective treatments, or specific and sensitive diagnostic tests to identify people with early-stage AD are currently available. In addition, the isolation and characterisation of neurotoxic Aβ42 oligomers are particularly difficult because of their transient and heterogeneous nature. To overcome this challenge, a rationally designed method generated a single-domain antibody (sdAb), named DesAb-O, targeting Aβ42 oligomers. METHODS We investigated the ability of DesAb-O to selectively detect preformed Aβ42 oligomers both in vitro and in cultured neuronal cells, by using dot-blot, ELISA immunoassay and super-resolution STED microscopy, and to counteract the toxicity induced by the oligomers, monitoring their interaction with neuronal membrane and the resulting mitochondrial impairment. We then applied this approach to CSF samples (CSFs) from AD patients as compared to age-matched control subjects. RESULTS DesAb-O was found to selectively detect synthetic Aβ42 oligomers both in vitro and in cultured cells, and to neutralise their associated neuronal dysfunction. DesAb-O can also identify Aβ42 oligomers present in the CSFs of AD patients with respect to healthy individuals, and completely prevent cell dysfunction induced by the administration of CSFs to neuronal cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data indicate a promising method for the improvement of an early diagnosis of AD and for the generation of novel therapeutic approaches based on sdAbs for the treatment of AD and other devastating neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bigi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Liliana Napolitano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Devkee M Vadukul
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco A Aprile
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Zhou M, Jiao Q, Wu Z, Li W, Liu G, Wang R, Tang Y. Uncovering the Oxidative Stress Mechanisms and Targets in Alzheimer's Disease by Integrating Phenotypic Screening Data and Polypharmacology Networks. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S139-S156. [PMID: 36744334 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The oxidative stress hypothesis is challenging the dominant position of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the field of understanding the mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a complicated and untreatable neurodegenerative disease. Objective The goal of the present study was to uncover the oxidative stress mechanisms causing AD, as well as the potential therapeutic targets and neuroprotective drugs against oxidative stress mechanisms. Methods In this study, a systematic workflow combining pharmacological experiments and computational prediction was proposed. 222 drugs and natural products were collected first and then tested on SH-SY5Y cells to obtain phenotypic screening data on neuroprotection. The preliminary screening data were integrated with drug-target interactions (DTIs) and multi-scale biomedical data, which were analyzed with statistical tests and gene set enrichment analysis. A polypharmacology network was further constructed for investigation. Results 340 DTIs were matched in multiple databases, and 222 cell viability ratios were calculated for experimental compounds. We identified significant potential therapeutic targets based on oxidative stress mechanisms for AD, including NR3C1, SHBG, ESR1, PGR, and AVPR1A, which might be closely related to neuroprotective effects and pathogenesis. 50% of the top 14 enriched pathways were found to correlate with AD, such as arachidonic acid metabolism and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Several approved drugs in this research were also found to exert neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress mechanisms, including beclometasone, methylprednisolone, and conivaptan. Conclusion Our results indicated that NR3C1, SHBG, ESR1, PGR, and AVPR1A were promising therapeutic targets and several drugs may be repurposed from the perspective of oxidative stress and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Zhou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengrui Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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5
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Do BK, Jang JH, Park GH. Effects of Corticosterone on Beta-Amyloid-Induced Cell Death in SH-SY5Y Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:77-83. [PMID: 38148553 PMCID: PMC10762270 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal cell death and memory impairment. Corticosterone (CORT) is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in response to a stressful condition. Excessive stress and high CORT levels are known to cause neurotoxicity and aggravate various diseases, whereas mild stress and low CORT levels exert beneficial actions under pathophysiological conditions. However, the effects of mild stress on AD have not been clearly elucidated yet. In this study, the effects of low (3 and 30 nM) CORT concentration on Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and underlying molecular mechanisms have been investigated. Cytotoxicity caused by Aβ25-35 was significantly inhibited by the low concentration of CORT treatment in the cells. Furthermore, CORT pretreatment significantly reduced Aβ25-35-mediated pro-apoptotic signals, such as increased Bim/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 cleavage. Moreover, low concentration of CORT treatment inhibited the Aβ25-35-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Aβ25-35 resulted in intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, which were effectively reduced by the low CORT concentration. As a molecular mechanism, low CORT concentration activated the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor mediating cellular defense and upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutamylcysteine synthetase, and manganese superoxide dismutase. These findings suggest that low CORT concentration exerts protective actions against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity and might be used to treat and/or prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyeong Do
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Hwan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Chandran S, Binninger D. Role of Oxidative Stress, Methionine Oxidation and Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases (MSR) in Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:21. [PMID: 38275641 PMCID: PMC10812627 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A major contributor to dementia seen in aging is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid beta (Aβ), a main component of senile plaques (SPs) in AD, induces neuronal death through damage to cellular organelles and structures, caused by oxidation of important molecules such as proteins by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hyperphosphorylation and accumulation of the protein tau in the microtubules within the brain also promote ROS production. Methionine, a residue of proteins, is particularly sensitive to oxidation by ROS. One of the enzyme systems that reverses the oxidative damage in mammalian cells is the enzyme system known as Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases (MSRs). The components of the MSR system, namely MSRA and MSRB, reduce oxidized forms of methionine (Met-(o)) in proteins back to methionine (Met). Furthermore, the MSRs scavenge ROS by allowing methionine residues in proteins to utilize their antioxidant properties. This review aims to improve the understanding of the role of the MSR system of enzymes in reducing cellular oxidative damage and AD pathogenesis, which may contribute to effective therapeutic approaches for AD by targeting the MSR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Chandran
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - David Binninger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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7
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Matveeva N, Kiselev I, Baulina N, Semina E, Kakotkin V, Agapov M, Kulakova O, Favorova O. Shared genetic architecture of COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1287322. [PMID: 37927339 PMCID: PMC10625425 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1287322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the сoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have become a global health threat. At the height of the pandemic, major efforts were focused on reducing COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality. Now is the time to study the long-term effects of the pandemic, particularly cognitive impairment associated with long COVID. In recent years much attention has been paid to the possible relationship between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease, which is considered a main cause of age-related cognitive impairment. Genetic predisposition was shown for both COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease. However, the analysis of the similarity of the genetic architecture of these diseases is usually limited to indicating a positive genetic correlation between them. In this review, we have described intrinsic linkages between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease, pointed out shared susceptibility genes that were previously identified in genome-wide association studies of both COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease, and highlighted a panel of SNPs that includes candidate genetic risk markers of the long COVID-associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Matveeva
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Kiselev
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Baulina
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Semina
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Viktor Kakotkin
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Mikhail Agapov
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Kulakova
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Favorova
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Ghasemitarei M, Ghorbi T, Yusupov M, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Shali P, Bogaerts A. Effects of Nitro-Oxidative Stress on Biomolecules: Part 1-Non-Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1371. [PMID: 37759771 PMCID: PMC10527456 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma medicine, or the biomedical application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), is an expanding field within plasma research. CAP has demonstrated remarkable versatility in diverse biological applications, including cancer treatment, wound healing, microorganism inactivation, and skin disease therapy. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of CAP remain incompletely understood. The therapeutic effects of CAP are largely attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which play a crucial role in the biological responses induced by CAP. Specifically, RONS produced during CAP treatment have the ability to chemically modify cell membranes and membrane proteins, causing nitro-oxidative stress, thereby leading to changes in membrane permeability and disruption of cellular processes. To gain atomic-level insights into these interactions, non-reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have emerged as a valuable tool. These simulations facilitate the examination of larger-scale system dynamics, including protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions. In this comprehensive review, we focus on the applications of non-reactive MD simulations in studying the effects of CAP on cellular components and interactions at the atomic level, providing a detailed overview of the potential of CAP in medicine. We also review the results of other MD studies that are not related to plasma medicine but explore the effects of nitro-oxidative stress on cellular components and are therefore important for a broader understanding of the underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghasemitarei
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tayebeh Ghorbi
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
| | - Maksudbek Yusupov
- School of Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan
- School of Engineering, Central Asian University, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan
- Laboratory of Thermal Physics of Multiphase Systems, Arifov Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yuantao Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Parisa Shali
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Agriculture, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Shim SS, Berglund K, Yu SP. Lithium: An Old Drug for New Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia. NEURODEGENER DIS 2023; 23:1-12. [PMID: 37666228 DOI: 10.1159/000533797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, the effective treatment of AD is not available currently. Multiple trials of drugs, which were developed based on the amyloid hypothesis of AD, have not been highly successful to improve cognitive and other symptoms in AD patients, suggesting that it is necessary to explore additional and alternative approaches for the disease-modifying treatment of AD. The diverse lines of evidence have revealed that lithium reduces amyloid and tau pathology, attenuates neuronal loss, enhances synaptic plasticity, and improves cognitive function. Clinical studies have shown that lithium reduces the risk of AD and deters the progress of mild cognitive impairment and early AD. SUMMARY Our recent study has revealed that lithium stabilizes disruptive calcium homeostasis, and subsequently, attenuates the downstream neuropathogenic processes of AD. Through these therapeutic actions, lithium produces therapeutic effects on AD with potential to modify the disease process. This review critically analyzed the preclinical and clinical studies for the therapeutic effects of lithium on AD. We suggest that disruptive calcium homeostasis is likely to be the early neuropathological mechanism of AD, and the stabilization of disruptive calcium homeostasis by lithium would be associated with its therapeutic effects on neuropathology and cognitive deficits in AD. KEY MESSAGES Lithium is likely to be efficacious for AD as a disease-modifying drug by acting on multiple neuropathological targets including disruptive calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Sool Shim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Mental Health Service Line, Department of Veteran's Affair, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Veteran's Affair, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Ken Berglund
- Department of Veteran's Affair, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Veteran's Affair, Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Griffioen G. Calcium Dyshomeostasis Drives Pathophysiology and Neuronal Demise in Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13243. [PMID: 37686048 PMCID: PMC10487569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review postulates that age-related neurodegeneration entails inappropriate activation of intrinsic pathways to enable brain plasticity through deregulated calcium (Ca2+) signalling. Ca2+ in the cytosol comprises a versatile signal controlling neuronal cell physiology to accommodate adaptive structural and functional changes of neuronal networks (neuronal plasticity) and, as such, is essential for brain function. Although disease risk factors selectively affect different neuronal cell types across age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), these appear to have in common the ability to impair the specificity of the Ca2+ signal. As a result, non-specific Ca2+ signalling facilitates the development of intraneuronal pathophysiology shared by age-related NDDs, including mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, impaired proteostasis, and decreased axonal transport, leading to even more Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. These core pathophysiological processes and elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels comprise a self-enforcing feedforward cycle inevitably spiralling toward high levels of cytosolic Ca2+. The resultant elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels ultimately gear otherwise physiological effector pathways underlying plasticity toward neuronal demise. Ageing impacts mitochondrial function indiscriminately of the neuronal cell type and, therefore, contributes to the feedforward cycle of pathophysiology development seen in all age-related NDDs. From this perspective, therapeutic interventions to safely restore Ca2+ homeostasis would mitigate the excessive activation of neuronal destruction pathways and, therefore, are expected to have promising neuroprotective potential.
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Maroli N. Aquaporin-4 Mediated Aggregation of Alzheimer's Amyloid β-Peptide. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2683-2698. [PMID: 37486638 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Clearance of Alzheimer's amyloid oligomers from the brain is crucial for preventing cell toxicity. Dementia complications arise as a result of apoptosis, which is caused by peptide plaques on the lipid surface of cells. Here, we employed all-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the aggregation of amyloid peptides at the lipid surface and the role of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in facilitating peptide clearance from astrocytes. The network of protein-protein interactions through text mining revealed that the expression of AQP4 and amyloid aggregation were strongly correlated. It has also been revealed that the role of aquaporins in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease involves several interconnected proteins and pathways. The nature of aggregation at the surface of the 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipid bilayer was revealed by the interaction of amyloid oligomers. The membrane-bound pore region of AQP4 interacts with the peptide and slows its aggregation. This interaction maintains the helical content of the peptide while lowering its toxicity at the lipid surface. The hydrophobicity of the peptide also decreased because of these interactions, which may help in the removal of the peptide from astrocytes. Long-term coarse-grained MD simulations demonstrated different features of oligomer aggregation at the surface and strong oligomer attraction to AQP4, which inhibited aggregation. Additionally, the water dynamics of aquaporins demonstrate how the selectivity filter is broken to disrupt water flow. Our findings also provide insight into the physiological alterations in brain tissue associated with Alzheimer's disease, including water retention and increased water flow in the CSF. Furthermore, in vitro thioflavin fluorescence spectroscopy revealed a slower aggregation of the peptide in the presence of AQP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Maroli
- Computational Biology Division, DRDO Center for Life Science, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Webber EK, Fivaz M, Stutzmann GE, Griffioen G. Cytosolic calcium: Judge, jury and executioner of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and beyond. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:3701-3717. [PMID: 37132525 PMCID: PMC10490830 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the driving principles that may underlie neurodegeneration in dementia, represented most dominantly by Alzheimer's disease (AD). While a myriad of different disease risk factors contribute to AD, these ultimately converge to a common disease outcome. Based on decades of research, a picture emerges where upstream risk factors combine in a feedforward pathophysiological cycle, culminating in a rise of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+ ]c ) that triggers neurodegeneration. In this framework, positive AD risk factors entail conditions, characteristics, or lifestyles that initiate or accelerate self-reinforcing cycles of pathophysiology, whereas negative risk factors or therapeutic interventions, particularly those mitigating elevated [Ca2+ ]c , oppose these effects and therefore have neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise K. Webber
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Marc Fivaz
- reMYND, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Grace E. Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
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13
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Thammasart S, Namchaiw P, Pasuwat K, Tonsomboon K, Khantachawana A. Attenuation Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cell by 660nm and 810nm LED light irradiation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283976. [PMID: 37478089 PMCID: PMC10361470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ1-42) has a close correlation with neurodegenerative disorder especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). It induces oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in neurons. Therefore, it is used to generate AD-like in vitro model for studying neurotoxicity and neuroprotection against amyloid-β. A low-level light therapy (LLLT) is a non-invasive method that has been used to treat several neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, the red wavelength (660nm) and near infrared wavelength (810nm) at energy densities of 1, 3, and 5 J/cm2 were used to modulate biochemical processes in the neural cells. The exposure of Aβ1-42 resulted in cell death, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and retracted neurite outgrowth. We showed that both of LLLT wavelengths could protect neurons form Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in a biphasic manner. The treatment of LLLT at 3 J/cm2 potentially alleviated cell death and recovered neurite outgrowth. In addition, the treatment of LLLT following Aβ1-42 exposure could attenuate the intracellular ROS generation and Ca2+ influx. Interestingly, both wavelengths could induce minimal level of ROS generation. However, they did not affect cell viability. In addition, LLLT also stimulated Ca2+ influx, but not altered mitochondrial membrane potential. This finding indicated LLLT may protect neurons through the stimulation of secondary signaling messengers such as ROS and Ca2+. The increase of these secondary messengers was in a functional level and did not harmful to the cells. These results suggested the use of LLLT as a tool to modulate the neuronal toxicity following Aβ1-42 accumulation in AD's brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriluk Thammasart
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poommaree Namchaiw
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
- Neuroscience Center for Research and Innovation, Learning Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Pasuwat
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khaow Tonsomboon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anak Khantachawana
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thung Kru, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Preziuso A, Piccirillo S, Cerqueni G, Serfilippi T, Terenzi V, Vinciguerra A, Orciani M, Amoroso S, Magi S, Lariccia V. Exploring the Role of NCX1 and NCX3 in an In Vitro Model of Metabolism Impairment: Potential Neuroprotective Targets for Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1005. [PMID: 37508434 PMCID: PMC10376230 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder, affecting a large number of elderly individuals worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic alterations, and oxidative stress are regarded as cooperating drivers of the progression of AD. In particular, metabolic impairment amplifies the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in detrimental alterations to intracellular Ca2+ regulatory processes. The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) proteins are key pathophysiological determinants of Ca2+ and Na+ homeostasis, operating at both the plasma membrane and mitochondria levels. Our study aimed to explore the role of NCX1 and NCX3 in retinoic acid (RA) differentiated SH-SY5Y cells treated with glyceraldehyde (GA), to induce impairment of the default glucose metabolism that typically precedes Aβ deposition or Tau protein phosphorylation in AD. By using an RNA interference-mediated approach to silence either NCX1 or NCX3 expression, we found that, in GA-treated cells, the knocking-down of NCX3 ameliorated cell viability, increased the intracellular ATP production, and reduced the oxidative damage. Remarkably, NCX3 silencing also prevented the enhancement of Aβ and pTau levels and normalized the GA-induced decrease in NCX reverse-mode activity. By contrast, the knocking-down of NCX1 was totally ineffective in preventing GA-induced cytotoxicity except for the increase in ATP synthesis. These findings indicate that NCX3 and NCX1 may differently influence the evolution of AD pathology fostered by glucose metabolic dysfunction, thus providing a potential target for preventing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Preziuso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cerqueni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziano Serfilippi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Terenzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Vinciguerra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monia Orciani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-Histology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lariccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health-Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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15
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Hamano M, Ichinose T, Yasuda T, Ishijima T, Okada S, Abe K, Tashiro K, Furuya S. Bioinformatics Analysis of the Molecular Networks Associated with the Amelioration of Aberrant Gene Expression by a Tyr-Trp Dipeptide in Brains Treated with the Amyloid-β Peptide. Nutrients 2023; 15:2731. [PMID: 37375635 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain peptides derived from various protein sources have been shown to exhibit diverse bio-modulatory and health-promoting effects in animal experiments and human trials. We recently reported that the oral administration of the Tyr-Trp (YW) dipeptide to mice markedly enhances noradrenaline metabolism in the brain and ameliorates the working-memory deficits induced by the β-amyloid 25-35 peptide (Aβ25-35). In the current study, we performed multiple bioinformatics analyses of microarray data from Aβ25-35/YW-treated brains to determine the mechanism underlying the action of YW in the brain and to infer the molecular mechanisms and networks involved in the protective effect of YW in the brain. We found that YW not only reversed inflammation-related responses but also activated various molecular networks involving a transcriptional regulatory system, which is mediated by the CREB binding protein (CBP), EGR-family proteins, ELK1, and PPAR, and the calcium-signaling pathway, oxidative stress tolerance, and an enzyme involved in de novo l-serine synthesis in brains treated with Aβ25-35. This study revealed that YW has a neuroprotective effect against Aβ25-35 neuropathy, suggesting that YW is a new functional-food-material peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Hamano
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka 820-8502, Fukuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Metabolism, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ichinose
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Metabolism, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tokio Yasuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishijima
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shinji Okada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keiko Abe
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tashiro
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Furuya
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka 820-8502, Fukuoka, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Metabolism, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
- Innovative Bio-Architecture Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
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16
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Yao J, Ni M, Tian S, Sun B, Wang R, Paul Estillore J, Back TG, Wayne Chen SR. A Gain-of-function Mutation in the Gating Domain of ITPR1 Impairs Motor Movement and Increases Thermal and Mechanical Sensitivity. Neuroscience 2023; 522:11-22. [PMID: 37164302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) is an intracellular Ca2+ release channel important for a number of fundamental cellular functions. Consistent with its critical physiological significance, mutations in ITPR1 are associated with disease. Surprisingly, nearly all the disease-associated ITPR1 mutations characterized to date are loss of function. Despite the paucity of ITPR1 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations, enhanced ITPR1 function as a result of dysregulation by ITPR1 interacting proteins is thought to be associated with ataxia, learning and memory impairments, Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, and chronic pain. However, direct evidence for the role of ITPR1 GOF in disease is lacking. To determine whether GOF in ITPR1 itself has pathological ramifications, we employed a newly developed mouse model expressing an ITPR1 mutation in the gating domain of the channel, D2594K, that markedly increased the channel's sensitivity to activation by IP3. Behavioral studies showed that the ITPR1-D2594K+/- mutant mice displayed motor deficits and reduced muscle strength. However, the ITPR1-D2594K+/- mutation did not significantly alter hippocampal learning and memory and did not change learning and memory impairments when crossed with the 5xFAD AD model mice. On the other hand, ITPR1-D2594K+/- mice exhibited increased sensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimulation compared to WT. Interestingly, R-carvedilol treatment attenuated the enhanced thermal and mechanical nociception in ITPR1-D2594K+/- mice. Thus, the ITPR1-D2594K+/- mutation in the channel's gating domain has a marked impact on motor movements and pain perception, but little effect on hippocampal learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Yao
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mingke Ni
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shanshan Tian
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Bo Sun
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ruiwu Wang
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - John Paul Estillore
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Thomas G Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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17
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Svarcbahs R, Blossom SM, Baffoe-Bonnie HS, Trychta KA, Greer LK, Pickel J, Henderson MJ, Harvey BK. Atransgenic mouse line for assaying tissue-specific changes in endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:209-221. [PMID: 37133648 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of calcium homeostasis is important for proper endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. When cellular stress conditions deplete the high concentration of calcium in the ER, ER-resident proteins are secreted into the extracellular space in a process called exodosis. Monitoring exodosis provides insight into changes in ER homeostasis and proteostasis resulting from cellular stress associated with ER calcium dysregulation. To monitor cell-type specific exodosis in the intact animal, we created a transgenic mouse line with a Gaussia luciferase (GLuc)-based, secreted ER calcium-modulated protein, SERCaMP, preceded by a LoxP-STOP-LoxP (LSL) sequence. The Cre-dependent LSL-SERCaMP mice were crossed with albumin (Alb)-Cre and dopamine transporter (DAT)-Cre mouse lines. GLuc-SERCaMP expression was characterized in mouse organs and extracellular fluids, and the secretion of GLuc-SERCaMP in response to cellular stress was monitored following pharmacological depletion of ER calcium. In LSL-SERCaMP × Alb-Cre mice, robust GLuc activity was observed only in the liver and blood, whereas in LSL-SERCaMP × DAT-Cre mice, GLuc activity was seen in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and tissue samples innervated by dopaminergic projections. After calcium depletion, we saw increased GLuc signal in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid collected from the Alb-Cre and DAT-Cre crosses, respectively. This mouse model can be used to investigate the secretion of ER-resident proteins from specific cell and tissue types during disease pathogenesis and may aid in the identification of therapeutics and biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinis Svarcbahs
- Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Sarah M Blossom
- Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Helena S Baffoe-Bonnie
- Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kathleen A Trychta
- Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Lacey K Greer
- Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - James Pickel
- Transgenic Technology Core, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mark J Henderson
- Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Cellular Stress and Inflammation Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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18
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Wong TS, Li G, Li S, Gao W, Chen G, Gan S, Zhang M, Li H, Wu S, Du Y. G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 37137892 PMCID: PMC10154768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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19
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Lim D, Tapella L, Dematteis G, Genazzani AA, Corazzari M, Verkhratsky A. The endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in Alzheimer's disease: a calcium dyshomeostasis perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101914. [PMID: 36948230 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding is prominent in early cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), implicating pathophysiological significance of endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response (ER stress/UPR) and highlighting it as a target for drug development. Experimental data from animal AD models and observations on human specimens are, however, inconsistent. ER stress and associated UPR are readily observed in in vitro AD cellular models and in some AD model animals. In the human brain, components and markers of ER stress as well as UPR transducers are observed at Braak stages III-VI associated with severe neuropathology and neuronal death. The picture, however, is further complicated by the brain region- and cell type-specificity of the AD-related pathology. Terms 'disturbed' or 'non-canonical' ER stress/UPR were used to describe the discrepancies between experimental data and the classic ER stress/UPR cascade. Here we discuss possible 'disturbing' or 'interfering' factors which may modify ER stress/UPR in the early AD pathogenesis. We focus on the dysregulation of the ER Ca2+ homeostasis, store-operated Ca2+ entry, and the interaction between the ER and mitochondria. We suggest that a detailed study of the CNS cell type-specific alterations of Ca2+ homeostasis in early AD may deepen our understanding of AD-related dysproteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Department of Health Science (DSS), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD) & Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro"
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain & Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Sciaccaluga M, Ruffolo G, Palma E, Costa C. Traditional and Innovative Anti-seizure Medications Targeting Key Physiopathological Mechanisms: Focus on Neurodevelopment and Neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1736-1754. [PMID: 37143270 PMCID: PMC10514539 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230504160948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide range of compounds currently available to treat epilepsy, there is still no drug that directly tackles the physiopathological mechanisms underlying its development. Indeed, antiseizure medications attempt to prevent seizures but are inefficacious in counteracting or rescuing the physiopathological phenomena that underlie their onset and recurrence, and hence do not cure epilepsy. Classically, the altered excitation/inhibition balance is postulated as the mechanism underlying epileptogenesis and seizure generation. This oversimplification, however, does not account for deficits in homeostatic plasticity resulting from either insufficient or excessive compensatory mechanisms in response to a change in network activity. In this respect, both neurodevelopmental epilepsies and those associated with neurodegeneration may share common underlying mechanisms that still need to be fully elucidated. The understanding of these molecular mechanisms shed light on the identification of new classes of drugs able not only to suppress seizures, but also to present potential antiepileptogenic effects or "disease-modifying" properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sciaccaluga
- Section of Neurology, S.M. della Misericordia Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, Perugia, 06129, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ruffolo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, 00185, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, University of Rome, Sapienza, Rome, 00185, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, 00166, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Section of Neurology, S.M. della Misericordia Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, Perugia, 06129, Italy
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21
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Castillo C, Bravo-Arrepol G, Wendt A, Saez-Orellana F, Millar C, Burgos CF, Gavilán J, Pacheco C, Ahumada-Rudolph R, Napiórkowska M, Pérez C, Becerra J, Fuentealba J, Cabrera-Pardo JR. Neuroprotective Properties of Eudesmin on a Cellular Model of Amyloid-β Peptide Toxicity. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S97-S108. [PMID: 36463456 PMCID: PMC10473145 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss. One of the hallmarks in AD is amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) accumulation, where the soluble oligomers of Aβ (AβOs) are the most toxic species, deteriorating the synaptic function, membrane integrity, and neuronal structures, which ultimately lead to apoptosis. Currently, there are no drugs to arrest AD progression, and current scientific efforts are focused on searching for novel leads to control this disease. Lignans are compounds extracted from conifers and have several medicinal properties. Eudesmin (Eu) is an extractable lignan from the wood of Araucaria araucana, a native tree from Chile. This metabolite has shown a range of biological properties, including the ability to control inflammation and antibacterial effects. OBJECTIVE In this study, the neuroprotective abilities of Eu on synaptic failure induced by AβOs were analyzed. METHODS Using neuronal models, PC12 cells, and in silico simulations we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of Eu (30 nM) against the toxicity induced by AβOs. RESULTS In primary cultures from mouse hippocampus, Eu preserved the synaptic structure against AβOs toxicity, maintaining stable levels of the presynaptic protein SV2 at the same concentration. Eu also averted synapsis failure from the AβOs toxicity by sustaining the frequencies of cytosolic Ca2+ transients. Finally, we found that Eu (30 nM) interacts with the Aβ aggregation process inducing a decrease in AβOs toxicity, suggesting an alternative mechanism to explain the neuroprotective activity of Eu. CONCLUSION We believe that Eu represents a novel lead that reduces the Aβ toxicity, opening new research venues for lignans as neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castillo
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gastón Bravo-Arrepol
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Aline Wendt
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Saez-Orellana
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Camila Millar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos F. Burgos
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Javiera Gavilán
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carla Pacheco
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ramón Ahumada-Rudolph
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable (LabQAS), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mariola Napiórkowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudia Pérez
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Becerra
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Parque Industrial Coronel, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime R. Cabrera-Pardo
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable (LabQAS), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
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22
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Yang D, Wang X, Zhang L, Fang Y, Zheng Q, Liu X, Yu W, Chen S, Ying J, Hua F. Lipid metabolism and storage in neuroglia: role in brain development and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:106. [PMID: 35831869 PMCID: PMC9277953 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of neuroglia in maintaining normal brain function under physiological and pathological conditions has been supported by growing evidence in recent years. The most important issues regarding glial metabolism and function include the cooperation between glial populations and neurons, morphological and functional changes in pathological states, and the role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Although lipid accumulation and further lipid droplet production in neurodegenerative disease brain models have been observed for a long time, the dynamic development of brain lipid droplet research in recent years suggests its role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases was previously underestimated. First recognized as organelles of lipid storage, lipid droplets (LDs) have emerged as an important organelle in metabolic diseases, inflammation, and host defense. Dynamic changes in lipid metabolism within neurons and glial cells resulting in lipid accumulation and lipid droplet formation are present in brain models of various neurodegenerative diseases, yet their role in the brain remains largely unexplored. This paper first reviews the metabolism and accumulation of several major lipids in the brain and discusses the regulation of lipid accumulation in different types of brain cells. We explore the potential role of intracellular lipid accumulation in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, starting from lipid metabolism and LDs biogenesis in glial cells, and discuss several pathological factors that promote lipid droplet formation, mainly focusing on oxidative stress, energy metabolism and glial cell-neuron coupling, which are closely related to the etiology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, the directions and challenges of intracellular lipid metabolism in glial cells in neurodegeneration are discussed.
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23
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Intracellular Injection of Brain Extracts from Alzheimer's Disease Patients Triggers Unregulated Ca 2+ Release from Intracellular Stores That Hinders Cellular Bioenergetics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223630. [PMID: 36429057 PMCID: PMC9688564 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence indicates that amyloid beta (Aβ) inflicts its toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by promoting uncontrolled elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ in neurons. We have previously shown that synthetic Aβ42 oligomers stimulate abnormal intracellular Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum stores, suggesting that a similar mechanism of Ca2+ toxicity may be common to the endogenous Aβs oligomers. Here, we use human postmortem brain extracts from AD-affected patients and test their ability to trigger Ca2+ fluxes when injected intracellularly into Xenopus oocytes. Immunological characterization of the samples revealed the elevated content of soluble Aβ oligomers only in samples from AD patients. Intracellular injection of brain extracts from control patients failed to trigger detectable changes in intracellular Ca2+. Conversely, brain extracts from AD patients triggered Ca2+ events consisting of local and global Ca2+ fluorescent transients. Pre-incubation with either the conformation-specific OC antiserum or caffeine completely suppressed the brain extract's ability to trigger cytosolic Ca2+ events. Computational modeling suggests that these Ca2+ fluxes may impair cells bioenergetic by affecting ATP and ROS production. These results support the hypothesis that Aβ oligomers contained in neurons of AD-affected brains may represent the toxic agents responsible for neuronal malfunctioning and death associated with the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis.
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24
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Sabbir MG, Speth RC, Albensi BC. Loss of Cholinergic Receptor Muscarinic 1 (CHRM1) Protein in the Hippocampus and Temporal Cortex of a Subset of Individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, or Frontotemporal Dementia: Implications for Patient Survival. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:727-747. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dysfunction of cholinergic neurotransmission is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); forming the basis for using acetylcholine (ACh) esterase (AChE) inhibitors to mitigate symptoms of ACh deficiency in AD. The Cholinergic Receptor Muscarinic 1 (CHRM1) is highly expressed in brain regions impaired by AD. Previous analyses of postmortem AD brains revealed unaltered CHRM1 mRNA expression compared to normal brains. However, the CHRM1 protein level in AD and other forms of dementia has not been extensively studied. Reduced expression of CHRM1 in AD patients may explain the limited clinical efficacy of AChE inhibitors. Objective: To quantify CHRM1 protein in the postmortem hippocampus and temporal cortex of AD, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients. Methods: Western blotting was performed on postmortem hippocampus (N = 19/73/7/9: unaffected/AD/FTD/PD) and temporal cortex (N = 9/74/27: unaffected/AD/PD) using a validated anti-CHRM1 antibody. Results: Quantification based on immunoblotting using a validated anti-CHRM1 antibody revealed a significant loss of CHRM1 protein level (<50%) in the hippocampi (78% AD, 66% PD, and 85% FTD) and temporal cortices (56% AD and 42% PD) of dementia patients. Loss of CHRM1 in the temporal cortex was significantly associated with early death (<65–75 years) for both AD and PD patients. Conclusion: Severe reduction of CHRM1 in a subset of AD and PD patients can explain the reported low efficacy of AChE inhibitors as a mitigating treatment for dementia patients. Based on this study, it can be suggested that future research should prioritize therapeutic restoration of CHRM1 protein levels in cholinergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golam Sabbir
- Alzo Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Nova Southeastern University, College of Pharmacy, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Robert C. Speth
- Nova Southeastern University, College of Pharmacy, Davie, FL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Benedict C. Albensi
- Nova Southeastern University, College of Pharmacy, Davie, FL, USA
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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25
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Ethnomedicinal Plants with Protective Effects against Beta-Amyloid Peptide (Aβ)1-42 Indicate Therapeutic Potential in a New In Vivo Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101865. [PMID: 36290588 PMCID: PMC9598277 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with unmet medical need. This investigation consisted of testing a range of ethanolic ethnomedicinal plant extracts (n = 18) traditionally used in the treatment of disorders such as anxiety, delirium, and memory loss. They were then screened for in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butylcholinesterase (BuChE), beta-secretase 1/beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and antioxidant activities. Plants with potent activities were further characterised using a recently developed in vivo model of AD, Globodera pallida. The ability of phytoextracts to protect this organism against amyloid-beta Aβ (1-42) exposure was assessed by measuring chemosensing, survival rate, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant responses. Extracts (n = 5) from Juglans regia (leaves), Ellettaria cardamomum (seeds), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (bark), Salvia officinalis (leaves/flowers), and Hypericum perforatum (flowers) exerted concentration-dependent inhibitory activities against AChE and BuChE. Three of these plant extracts (i.e., J. regia, E. cardamomum, and S. officinalis) possessed strong concentration-dependent inhibitory activity against BACE1. Furthermore, the five selected medicinal plant extracts not only enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the nematode’s chemosensing, survival rate, and antioxidant responses (i.e., anti-ROS production, mitochondrial reductase activity, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) ratio), but also greatly restored (p < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner the Aβ (1-42)-induced deleterious changes in these same parameters. In brief, this investigation highlights plant extracts with strong anti-AD activities which could be trialled as novel therapeutic supplements or undergo further biodiscovery research.
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26
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Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Neuroinflammation to Ca2+ Homeostasis Dysregulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172728. [PMID: 36078138 PMCID: PMC9454513 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, with a complex, poorly understood pathogenesis. Cerebral atrophy, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles represent the main pathological hallmarks of the AD brain. Recently, neuroinflammation has been recognized as a prominent feature of the AD brain and substantial evidence suggests that the inflammatory response modulates disease progression. Additionally, dysregulation of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis represents another early factor involved in the AD pathogenesis, as intracellular Ca2+ concentration is essential to ensure proper cellular and neuronal functions. Although growing evidence supports the involvement of Ca2+ in the mechanisms of neurodegeneration-related inflammatory processes, scant data are available on its contribution in microglia and astrocytes functioning, both in health and throughout the AD continuum. Nevertheless, AD-related aberrant Ca2+ signalling in astrocytes and microglia is crucially involved in the mechanisms underpinning neuroinflammatory processes that, in turn, impact neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis and brain function. In this light, we attempted to provide an overview of the current understanding of the interactions between the glia cells-mediated inflammatory responses and the molecular mechanisms involved in Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation in AD.
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27
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Waiwut P, Kengkoom K, Pannangrong W, Musigavong N, Chheng C, Plekratoke K, Taklomthong P, Nillert N, Pitiporn S, Kwankhao P, Daodee S, Chulikhit Y, Montakantirat O, Boonyarat C. Toxicity Profiles of Kleeb Bua Daeng Formula, a Traditional Thai Medicine, and Its Protective Effects on Memory Impairment in Animals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080988. [PMID: 36015135 PMCID: PMC9414439 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Kleeb Bua Daeng (KBD) formula has long been used in Thailand as a traditional herbal medicine for promoting brain health. Our recent reports illustrated that KBD demonstrates multiple modes of action against several targets in the pathological cascade of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The main purpose of the present study was to determine the protective effect and mechanism of KBD in amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced AD rats and its toxicity profiles. Pretreatment with the KBD formula for 14 days significantly improved the short- and long-term memory performance of Aβ-induced AD rats as assessed by the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and object-recognition tests. KBD treatment increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase; reduced the malondialdehyde content, and; decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat brain. An acute toxicity test revealed that the maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg did not cause any mortality or symptoms of toxicity. An oral, subchronic toxicity assessment of KBD at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 days showed no adverse effects on behavior, mortality, hematology, or serum biochemistry. Our investigations indicate that KBD is a nontoxic traditional medicine with good potential for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornthip Waiwut
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Kengkoom
- National Laboratory Animal Centre, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Wanassanun Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natdanai Musigavong
- Center of Evidence-Based Thai Traditional and Herbal Medicine, Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Mueang Prachinburi 25000, Thailand
| | - Chantha Chheng
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kean University, Khon Kean 40002, Thailand
| | - Kusawadee Plekratoke
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kean University, Khon Kean 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Nutchareeporn Nillert
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Pitiporn
- Center of Evidence-Based Thai Traditional and Herbal Medicine, Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Mueang Prachinburi 25000, Thailand
| | - Pakakrong Kwankhao
- Center of Evidence-Based Thai Traditional and Herbal Medicine, Chao Phya Abhaibhubejhr Hospital, Mueang Prachinburi 25000, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Daodee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kean University, Khon Kean 40002, Thailand
| | - Yaowared Chulikhit
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kean University, Khon Kean 40002, Thailand
| | - Orawan Montakantirat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kean University, Khon Kean 40002, Thailand
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kean University, Khon Kean 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-81-3073313 or +66-43-202305
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28
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Triplication of HSA21 on alterations in structure and function of mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:88-101. [PMID: 35623559 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Triplication of genes encoded in human chromosome 21 (HSA21) is responsible for the phenotypes of Down syndrome (DS). The dosage-imbalance of the nuclear genes and the extra-nuclear mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) jointly contributes to patho-mechanisms in DS. The mitochondrial organelles are the power house of cells for generation of ATP and maintaining cellular calcium and redox homeostasis, and cellular energy-metabolism processes. Each cell contains hundreds to thousands of mitochondria depending on their energy consumption. The dynamic structure of mitochondria is maintained with continuous fission and fusion events, and thus, content of mtDNA and its genetic composition are widely variable among cells. Cells of brain and heart tissues of DS patients and DS-mouse models have demonstrated elevated number but reduced amount of mtDNA due to higher fission process. This mechanism perturbs the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and generates more free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting contribution of mtDNA in proliferation and protection of cells from endogenous toxic environment and external stressors. Gene-dosage in DS population collectively contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction by lowering energy production and respiratory capacity via the impaired OXPHOS, and damaged redox homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamics in all types of cells in DS. The context is highly complex and affects the functioning of all organs. The effect in brain and heart tissues promotes myriads of neurodegenerative diseases and cardiac complexities in individuals with DS. Crosstalk between trisomic nuclear and mitochondrial genome has been crucial for identification of potential therapeutic targets.
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29
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Sobolczyk M, Boczek T. Astrocytic Calcium and cAMP in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:889939. [PMID: 35663426 PMCID: PMC9161693 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.889939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that the role of astrocytes exceeds far beyond neuronal scaffold and energy supply. Their unique morphological and functional features have recently brough much attention as it became evident that they play a fundamental role in neurotransmission and interact with synapses. Synaptic transmission is a highly orchestrated process, which triggers local and transient elevations in intracellular Ca2+, a phenomenon with specific temporal and spatial properties. Presynaptic activation of Ca2+-dependent adenylyl cyclases represents an important mechanism of synaptic transmission modulation. This involves activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway to regulate neurotransmitter synthesis, release and storage, and to increase neuroprotection. This aspect is of paramount importance for the preservation of neuronal survival and functionality in several pathological states occurring with progressive neuronal loss. Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss mutual relationships between cAMP and Ca2+ signaling and emphasize those alterations at the Ca2+/cAMP crosstalk that have been identified in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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30
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Yuan D, Yang G, Wu W, Li Q, Xu D, Ntim M, Jiang C, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhu D, Kundu S, Li A, Xiao Z, Ma Q, Li S. Reducing Nav1.6 expression attenuates the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by suppressing BACE1 transcription. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13593. [PMID: 35353937 PMCID: PMC9124306 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant increases in neuronal network excitability may contribute to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms underlying hyperexcitability of neurons are not fully understood. Voltage‐gated sodium channels (VGSC or Nav), which are involved in the formation of excitable cell's action potential and can directly influence the excitability of neural networks, have been implicated in AD‐related abnormal neuronal hyperactivity and higher incidence of spontaneous non‐convulsive seizures. Here, we have shown that the reduction of VGSC α‐subunit Nav1.6 (by injecting adeno‐associated virus (AAV) with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into the hippocampus) rescues cognitive impairments and attenuates synaptic deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Concurrently, amyloid plaques in the hippocampus and levels of soluble Aβ are significantly reduced. Interfering with Nav1.6 reduces the transcription level of β‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which is Aβ‐dependent. In the presence of Aβ oligomers, knockdown of Nav1.6 reduces intracellular calcium overload by suppressing reverse sodium–calcium exchange channel, consequently increasing inactive NFAT1 (the nuclear factor of activated T cells) levels and thus reducing BACE1 transcription. This mechanism leads to a reduction in the levels of Aβ in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, alleviates synaptic loss, improves learning and memory disorders in APP/PS1 mice after downregulating Nav1.6 in the hippocampus. Our study offers a new potential therapeutic strategy to counteract hippocampal hyperexcitability and subsequently rescue cognitive deficits in AD by selective blockade of Nav1.6 overexpression and/or hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- De‐Juan Yuan
- Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical Sciences Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug‐Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian Medical University Dalian China
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Institute of Neuroscience Soochow University Suzhou China
- The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Wuxi China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical Sciences Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug‐Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Qi‐Fa Li
- Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical Sciences Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug‐Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - De‐en Xu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Institute of Neuroscience Soochow University Suzhou China
- The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Wuxi China
| | - Michael Ntim
- Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical Sciences Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug‐Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Chun‐Yan Jiang
- Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical Sciences Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug‐Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Ji‐Chuan Liu
- Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical Sciences Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug‐Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian Medical University Dalian China
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical Sciences Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug‐Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Ying‐Zi Wang
- Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical Sciences Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug‐Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Dan‐Dan Zhu
- Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical Sciences Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug‐Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Supratik Kundu
- Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical Sciences Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug‐Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Ai‐Ping Li
- Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical Sciences Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug‐Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian Medical University Dalian China
| | - Zhi‐Cheng Xiao
- Development and Stem Cells Program Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Quan‐Hong Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Institute of Neuroscience Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Shao Li
- Department of Physiology College of Basic Medical Sciences Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases National‐Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug‐Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases Dalian Medical University Dalian China
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31
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Cell models for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease: At the interface of biology and drug discovery. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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McKnelly KJ, Kreutzer AG, Howitz WJ, Haduong K, Yoo S, Hart C, Nowick JS. Effects of Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mutations on the Assembly of a β-Hairpin Peptide Derived from Aβ 16-36. Biochemistry 2022; 61:446-454. [PMID: 35213141 PMCID: PMC9042424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is associated with mutations in the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) or the amyloid precursor protein (APP). FAD mutations of Aβ were incorporated into a macrocyclic peptide that mimics a β-hairpin to study FAD point mutations K16N, A21G, E22Δ, E22G, E22Q, E22K, and L34V and their effect on assembly, membrane destabilization, and cytotoxicity. The X-ray crystallographic structures of the four E22 mutant peptides reveal that the peptides assemble to form the same compact hexamer. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) experiments reveal that the mutant FAD peptides assemble as trimers or hexamers, with peptides that have greater positive charge assembling as more stable hexamers. Mutations that increase the positive charge also increase the cytotoxicity of the peptides and their propensity to destabilize lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J McKnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Adam G Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - William J Howitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Katelyn Haduong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Stan Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Candace Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - James S Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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33
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Jairaman A, McQuade A, Granzotto A, Kang YJ, Chadarevian JP, Gandhi S, Parker I, Smith I, Cho H, Sensi SL, Othy S, Blurton-Jones M, Cahalan MD. TREM2 regulates purinergic receptor-mediated calcium signaling and motility in human iPSC-derived microglia. eLife 2022; 11:e73021. [PMID: 35191835 PMCID: PMC8906810 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane protein TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2) regulates key microglial functions including phagocytosis and chemotaxis. Loss-of-function variants of TREM2 are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because abnormalities in Ca2+ signaling have been observed in several AD models, we investigated TREM2 regulation of Ca2+ signaling in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia (iPSC-microglia) with genetic deletion of TREM2. We found that iPSC-microglia lacking TREM2 (TREM2 KO) show exaggerated Ca2+ signals in response to purinergic agonists, such as ADP, that shape microglial injury responses. This ADP hypersensitivity, driven by increased expression of P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptors, results in greater release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum stores, which triggers sustained Ca2+ influx through Orai channels and alters cell motility in TREM2 KO microglia. Using iPSC-microglia expressing the genetically encoded Ca2+ probe, Salsa6f, we found that cytosolic Ca2+ tunes motility to a greater extent in TREM2 KO microglia. Despite showing greater overall displacement, TREM2 KO microglia exhibit reduced directional chemotaxis along ADP gradients. Accordingly, the chemotactic defect in TREM2 KO microglia was rescued by reducing cytosolic Ca2+ using a P2Y12 receptor antagonist. Our results show that loss of TREM2 confers a defect in microglial Ca2+ response to purinergic signals, suggesting a window of Ca2+ signaling for optimal microglial motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jairaman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Amanda McQuade
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineUnited States
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alberto Granzotto
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G d'Annunzio of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
| | - You Jung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, University of North CarolinaCharlotteUnited States
| | - Jean Paul Chadarevian
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Sunil Gandhi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Ian Parker
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Ian Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Dept of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan UniversityGyeonggi-doRepublic of Korea
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Center for Advanced Sciences and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G d'Annunzio of Chieti-PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- UCI Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of CaliforniaIrvineUnited States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
| | - Michael D Cahalan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, IrvineIrvineUnited States
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34
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Zhong W, Wu A, Berglund K, Gu X, Jiang M, Talati J, Zhao J, Wei L, Yu SP. Pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease by deficiency of NMDA receptor subunit GluN3A. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:222-239. [PMID: 34151525 PMCID: PMC8685302 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+ hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) conceives Ca2+ dyshomeostasis as a common mechanism of AD; the cause of Ca2+ dysregulation, however, is obscure. Meanwhile, hyperactivities of N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), the primary mediator of Ca2+ influx, are reported in AD. GluN3A (NR3A) is an NMDAR inhibitory subunit. We hypothesize that GluN3A is critical for sustained Ca2+ homeostasis and its deficiency is pathogenic for AD. Cellular, molecular, and functional changes were examined in adult/aging GluN3A knockout (KO) mice. The GluN3A KO mouse brain displayed age-dependent moderate but persistent neuronal hyperactivity, elevated intracellular Ca2+ , neuroinflammation, impaired synaptic integrity/plasticity, and neuronal loss. GluN3A KO mice developed olfactory dysfunction followed by psychological/cognitive deficits prior to amyloid-β/tau pathology. Memantine at preclinical stage prevented/attenuated AD syndromes. AD patients' brains show reduced GluN3A expression. We propose that chronic "degenerative excitotoxicity" leads to sporadic AD, while GluN3A represents a primary pathogenic factor, an early biomarker, and an amyloid-independent therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Department of Veteran’s Affair, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Anika Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ken Berglund
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Department of Veteran’s Affair, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Xiaohuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Department of Veteran’s Affair, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Michael Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Department of Veteran’s Affair, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Jay Talati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jingjie Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Department of Veteran’s Affair, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
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35
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Wong KH, Riaz MK, Xie Y, Zhang X, Liu Q, Chen H, Bian Z, Chen X, Lu A, Yang Z. Review of Current Strategies for Delivering Alzheimer's Disease Drugs Across the Blood-Brain Barrier. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2022; 20:117-136. [PMID: 35746925 PMCID: PMC9063600 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
(Appeared originally in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019; 20:381) Reprinted under Creative Commons CC-BY license.
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36
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Fani G, Chiti F. Mechanosensitivity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) is the key through which amyloid beta oligomers activate them. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1263-1264. [PMID: 34782565 PMCID: PMC8643055 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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37
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Liu L, Gao H, Zaikin A, Chen S. Unraveling Aβ-Mediated Multi-Pathway Calcium Dynamics in Astrocytes: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment From Simulations. Front Physiol 2021; 12:767892. [PMID: 34777023 PMCID: PMC8581622 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.767892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in the brain is hypothesized to be the major factor driving Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Mounting evidence suggests that astrocytes are the primary target of Aβ neurotoxicity. Aβ is known to interfere with multiple calcium fluxes, thus disrupting the calcium homeostasis regulation of astrocytes, which are likely to produce calcium oscillations. Ca2+ dyshomeostasis has been observed to precede the appearance of clinical symptoms of AD; however, it is experimentally very difficult to investigate the interactions of many mechanisms. Given that Ca2+ disruption is ubiquitously involved in AD progression, it is likely that focusing on Ca2+ dysregulation may serve as a potential therapeutic approach to preventing or treating AD, while current hypotheses concerning AD have so far failed to yield curable therapies. For this purpose, we derive and investigate a concise mathematical model for Aβ-mediated multi-pathway astrocytic intracellular Ca2+ dynamics. This model accounts for how Aβ affects various fluxes contributions through voltage-gated calcium channels, Aβ-formed channels and ryanodine receptors. Bifurcation analysis of Aβ level, which reflected the corresponding progression of the disease, revealed that Aβ significantly induced the increasing [Ca2+] i and frequency of calcium oscillations. The influence of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production (IP3) is also investigated in the presence of Aβ as well as the impact of changes in resting membrane potential. In turn, the Ca2+ flux can be considerably changed by exerting specific interventions, such as ion channel blockers or receptor antagonists. By doing so, a "combination therapy" targeting multiple pathways simultaneously has finally been demonstrated to be more effective. This study helps to better understand the effect of Aβ, and our findings provide new insight into the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langzhou Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huayi Gao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Alexey Zaikin
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Institute for Women's Health and Department of Mathematics, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shangbin Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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38
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The Beneficial Role of Natural Endocrine Disruptors: Phytoestrogens in Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3961445. [PMID: 34527172 PMCID: PMC8437597 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3961445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia with a growing incidence rate primarily among the elderly. It is a neurodegenerative, progressive disorder leading to significant cognitive loss. Despite numerous pieces of research, no cure for halting the disease has been discovered yet. Phytoestrogens are nonestradiol compounds classified as one of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), meaning that they can potentially disrupt hormonal balance and result in developmental and reproductive abnormalities. Importantly, phytoestrogens are structurally, chemically, and functionally akin to estrogens, which undoubtedly has the potential to be detrimental to the organism. What is intriguing, although classified as EDCs, phytoestrogens seem to have a beneficial influence on Alzheimer's disease symptoms and neuropathologies. They have been observed to act as antioxidants, improve visual-spatial memory, lower amyloid-beta production, and increase the growth, survival, and plasticity of brain cells. This review article is aimed at contributing to the collective understanding of the role of phytoestrogens in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Importantly, it underlines the fact that despite being EDCs, phytoestrogens and their use can be beneficial in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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39
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Kurokin I, Lauer AA, Janitschke D, Winkler J, Theiss EL, Griebsch LV, Pilz SM, Matschke V, van der Laan M, Grimm HS, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW. Targeted Lipidomics of Mitochondria in a Cellular Alzheimer's Disease Model. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081062. [PMID: 34440266 PMCID: PMC8393816 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is neuropathologically characterized by the accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) in senile plaques derived from amyloidogenic processing of a precursor protein (APP). Recently, changes in mitochondrial function have become in the focus of the disease. Whereas a link between AD and lipid-homeostasis exists, little is known about potential alterations in the lipid composition of mitochondria. Here, we investigate potential changes in the main mitochondrial phospholipid classes phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and the corresponding plasmalogens and lyso-phospholipids of a cellular AD-model (SH-SY5Y APPswedish transfected cells), comparing these results with changes in cell-homogenates. Targeted shotgun-lipidomics revealed lipid alterations to be specific for mitochondria and cannot be predicted from total cell analysis. In particular, lipids containing three and four times unsaturated fatty acids (FA X:4), such as arachidonic-acid, are increased, whereas FA X:6 or X:5, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are decreased. Additionally, PE plasmalogens are increased in contrast to homogenates. Results were confirmed in another cellular AD model, having a lower affinity to amyloidogenic APP processing. Besides several similarities, differences in particular in PE species exist, demonstrating that differences in APP processing might lead to specific changes in lipid homeostasis in mitochondria. Importantly, the observed lipid alterations are accompanied by changes in the carnitine carrier system, also suggesting an altered mitochondrial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kurokin
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Anna Andrea Lauer
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Daniel Janitschke
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Jakob Winkler
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Elena Leoni Theiss
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Lea Victoria Griebsch
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Sabrina Melanie Pilz
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Veronika Matschke
- Department of Cytology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling PZMS, Saarland University Medical School, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Heike Sabine Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Marcus Otto Walter Grimm
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.K.); (A.A.L.); (D.J.); (J.W.); (E.L.T.); (L.V.G.); (S.M.P.); (H.S.G.)
- Deutsches Institut für Demenzprävention, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
- Nutrition Therapy and Counseling, Campus Rheinland, SRH University of Applied Health Sciences, 51377 Leverkusen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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40
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Kang S, Gim J, Lee J, Gunasekaran TI, Choi KY, Lee JJ, Seo EH, Ko PW, Chung JY, Choi SM, Lee YM, Jeong JH, Park KW, Song MK, Lee HW, Kim KW, Choi SH, Lee DY, Kim SY, Kim H, Kim BC, Ikeuchi T, Lee KH. Potential Novel Genes for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease in East-Asian Descent Identified by APOE-Stratified Genome-Wide Association Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1451-1460. [PMID: 34151794 PMCID: PMC8461686 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports two novel genome-wide significant loci for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) identified from APOE ε4 non-carrier subjects of East Asian origin. A genome-wide association study of Alzheimer’s disease was performed in 2,291 Korean seniors in the discovery phase, from the Gwangju Alzheimer’ and Related Dementias (GARD) cohort study. The study was replicated in a Japanese cohort of 1,956 subjects that suggested two novel susceptible SNPs in two genes: LRIG1 and CACNA1A. This study demonstrates that the discovery of AD-associated variants is feasible in non-European ethnic groups using samples comprising fewer subjects from the more homogeneous genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarang Kang
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsoo Gim
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Neurozen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tamil Iniyan Gunasekaran
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yeong Choi
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Jae Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Seo
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Premedical Science, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pan-Woo Ko
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Choi
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha WomansUniversity School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Donga University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Song
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Chonnam National University Gwangju 2nd Geriatric Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer's & Related Dementias Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Biological Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Neurozen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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41
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Romoli M, Sen A, Parnetti L, Calabresi P, Costa C. Amyloid-β: a potential link between epilepsy and cognitive decline. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:469-485. [PMID: 34117482 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
People with epilepsy - in particular, late-onset epilepsy of unknown aetiology - have an elevated risk of dementia, and seizures have been detected in the early stages of Alzheimer disease (AD), supporting the concept of an epileptic AD prodrome. However, the relationship between epilepsy and cognitive decline remains controversial, with substantial uncertainties about whether epilepsy drives cognitive decline or vice versa, and whether shared pathways underlie both conditions. Here, we review evidence that amyloid-β (Aβ) forms part of a shared pathway between epilepsy and cognitive decline, particularly in the context of AD. People with epilepsy show an increased burden of Aβ pathology in the brain, and Aβ-mediated epileptogenic alterations have been demonstrated in experimental studies, with evidence suggesting that Aβ pathology might already be pro-epileptogenic at the soluble stage, long before plaque deposition. We discuss the hypothesis that Aβ mediates - or is at least a major determinant of - a continuum spanning epilepsy and cognitive decline. Serial cognitive testing and assessment of Aβ levels might be worthwhile to stratify the risk of developing dementia in people with late-onset epilepsy. If seizures are a clinical harbinger of dementia, people with late-onset epilepsy could be an ideal group in which to implement preventive or therapeutic strategies to slow cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Romoli
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.,Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Neurology and Stroke Unit, "Maurizio Bufalini" Hospital, Cesena, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Neurologia e Rete Stroke Metropolitana, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arjune Sen
- Oxford Epilepsy Research Group, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, UOC Neurologia, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.
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Ludewig S, Herrmann U, Michaelsen-Preusse K, Metzdorf K, Just J, Bold C, Müller UC, Korte M. APPsα rescues impaired Ca 2+ homeostasis in APP- and APLP2-deficient hippocampal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2011506118. [PMID: 34172567 PMCID: PMC8256088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011506118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis have been reported in several in vitro and in vivo studies using mice expressing the Alzheimer's disease-associated transgenes, presenilin and the amyloid precursor protein (APP). While intense research focused on amyloid-β-mediated functions on neuronal Ca2+ handling, the physiological role of APP and its close homolog APLP2 is still not fully clarified. We now elucidate a mechanism to show how APP and its homolog APLP2 control neuronal Ca2+ handling and identify especially the ectodomain APPsα as an essential regulator of Ca2+ homeostasis. Importantly, we demonstrate that the loss of APP and APLP2, but not APLP2 alone, impairs Ca2+ handling, the refill of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores, and synaptic plasticity due to altered function and expression of the SERCA-ATPase and expression of store-operated Ca2+ channel-associated proteins Stim1 and Stim2. Long-term AAV-mediated expression of APPsα, but not acute application of the recombinant protein, restored physiological Ca2+ homeostasis and synaptic plasticity in APP/APLP2 cDKO cultures. Overall, our analysis reveals an essential role of the APP family and especially of the ectodomain APPsα in Ca2+ homeostasis, thereby highlighting its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Ludewig
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Herrmann
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Michaelsen-Preusse
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Metzdorf
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jennifer Just
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Charlotte Bold
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike C Müller
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Elevating the Levels of Calcium Ions Exacerbate Alzheimer's Disease via Inducing the Production and Aggregation of β-Amyloid Protein and Phosphorylated Tau. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115900. [PMID: 34072743 PMCID: PMC8198078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a high incidence rate. The main pathological features of AD are β-amyloid plaques (APs), which are formed by β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are formed by the excessive phosphorylation of the tau protein. Although a series of studies have shown that the accumulation of metal ions, including calcium ions (Ca2+), can promote the formation of APs and NFTs, there is no systematic review of the mechanisms by which Ca2+ affects the development and progression of AD. In view of this, the current review summarizes the mechanisms by which Ca2+ is transported into and out of cells and organelles, such as the cell, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes to affect the balance of intracellular Ca2+ levels. In addition, dyshomeostasis of Ca2+ plays an important role in modulating the pathogenesis of AD by influencing the production and aggregation of Aβ peptides and tau protein phosphorylation and the ways that disrupting the metabolic balance of Ca2+ can affect the learning ability and memory of people with AD. In addition, the effects of these mechanisms on the synaptic plasticity are also discussed. Finally, the molecular network through which Ca2+ regulates the pathogenesis of AD is introduced, providing a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of AD.
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44
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Liu YD, Tang G, Qian F, Liu L, Huang JR, Tang FR. Astroglial Connexins in Neurological and Neuropsychological Disorders and Radiation Exposure. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1970-1986. [PMID: 32520676 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200610175037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a common treatment for brain and spinal cord tumors and also a risk factor for neuropathological changes in the brain leading to different neurological and neuropsychological disorders. Astroglial connexins are involved in brain inflammation, development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), depressive, epilepsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and are affected by radiation exposure. Therefore, it is speculated that radiation-induced changes of astroglial connexins may be related to the brain neuropathology and development of neurological and neuropsychological disorders. In this paper, we review the functional expression and regulation of astroglial connexins expressed between astrocytes and different types of brain cells (including oligodendrocytes, microglia, neurons and endothelial cells). The roles of these connexins in the development of AD, depressive, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and brain inflammation have also been summarized. The radiation-induced astroglial connexins changes and development of different neurological and neuropsychological disorders are then discussed. Based on currently available data, we propose that radiation-induced astroglial connexins changes may be involved in the genesis of different neurological and neuropsychological disorders which depends on the age, brain regions, and radiation doses/dose rates. The abnormal astroglial connexins may be novel therapeutic targets for the prevention of radiation-induced cognitive impairment, neurological and neuropsychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Duo Liu
- Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Ge Tang
- Woodlands Health Campus, National Healthcare Group Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng Qian
- Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | | | - Feng Ru Tang
- Radiation Physiology Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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45
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Alves SS, Silva-Junior RMPD, Servilha-Menezes G, Homolak J, Šalković-Petrišić M, Garcia-Cairasco N. Insulin Resistance as a Common Link Between Current Alzheimer's Disease Hypotheses. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:71-105. [PMID: 34024838 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Almost 115 years ago, Alois Alzheimer described Alzheimer's disease (AD) for the first time. Since then, many hypotheses have been proposed. However, AD remains a severe health public problem. The current medical approaches for AD are limited to symptomatic interventions and the complexity of this disease has led to a failure rate of approximately 99.6%in AD clinical trials. In fact, no new drug has been approved for AD treatment since 2003. These failures indicate that we are failing in mimicking this disease in experimental models. Although most studies have focused on the amyloid cascade hypothesis of AD, the literature has made clear that AD is rather a multifactorial disorder. Therefore, the persistence in a single theory has resulted in lost opportunities. In this review, we aim to present the striking points of the long scientific path followed since the description of the first AD case and the main AD hypotheses discussed over the last decades. We also propose insulin resistance as a common link between many other hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélen Santos Alves
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Milton Patrício da Silva-Junior
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School -University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Servilha-Menezes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Šalković-Petrišić
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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46
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Yakupova EI, Bobyleva LG, Shumeyko SA, Vikhlyantsev IM, Bobylev AG. Amyloids: The History of Toxicity and Functionality. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050394. [PMID: 34062910 PMCID: PMC8147320 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteins can perform their specific function due to their molecular structure. Partial or complete unfolding of the polypeptide chain may lead to the misfolding and aggregation of proteins in turn, resulting in the formation of different structures such as amyloid aggregates. Amyloids are rigid protein aggregates with the cross-β structure, resistant to most solvents and proteases. Because of their resistance to proteolysis, amyloid aggregates formed in the organism accumulate in tissues, promoting the development of various diseases called amyloidosis, for instance Alzheimer's diseases (AD). According to the main hypothesis, it is considered that the cause of AD is the formation and accumulation of amyloid plaques of Aβ. That is why Aβ-amyloid is the most studied representative of amyloids. Therefore, in this review, special attention is paid to the history of Aβ-amyloid toxicity. We note the main problems with anti-amyloid therapy and write about new views on amyloids that can play positive roles in the different organisms including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira I. Yakupova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (L.G.B.); (S.A.S.); (I.M.V.); (A.G.B.)
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(985)687-77-27
| | - Liya G. Bobyleva
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (L.G.B.); (S.A.S.); (I.M.V.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Sergey A. Shumeyko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (L.G.B.); (S.A.S.); (I.M.V.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Ivan M. Vikhlyantsev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (L.G.B.); (S.A.S.); (I.M.V.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Alexander G. Bobylev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia; (L.G.B.); (S.A.S.); (I.M.V.); (A.G.B.)
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47
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Datta D, Leslie SN, Wang M, Morozov YM, Yang S, Mentone S, Zeiss C, Duque A, Rakic P, Horvath TL, van Dyck CH, Nairn AC, Arnsten AFT. Age-related calcium dysregulation linked with tau pathology and impaired cognition in non-human primates. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:920-932. [PMID: 33829643 PMCID: PMC8195842 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The etiology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires non‐genetically modified animal models. Methods The relationship of tau phosphorylation to calcium‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)‐protein kinase A (PKA) dysregulation was analyzed in aging rhesus macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and rat primary cortical neurons using biochemistry and immuno‐electron microscopy. The influence of calcium leak from ryanodine receptors (RyRs) on neuronal firing and cognitive performance was examined in aged macaques. Results Aged monkeys naturally develop hyperphosphorylated tau, including AD biomarkers (AT8 (pS202/pT205) and pT217) and early tau pathology markers (pS214 and pS356) that correlated with evidence of increased calcium leak (pS2808‐RyR2). Calcium also regulated early tau phosphorylation in vitro. Age‐related reductions in the calcium‐binding protein, calbindin, and in phosphodiesterase PDE4D were seen within dlPFC pyramidal cell dendrites. Blocking RyRs with S107 improved neuronal firing and cognitive performance in aged macaques. Discussion Dysregulated calcium signaling confers risk for tau pathology and provides a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyadeep Datta
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shannon N Leslie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yury M Morozov
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shengtao Yang
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - SueAnn Mentone
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Caroline Zeiss
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher H van Dyck
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Angus C Nairn
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amy F T Arnsten
- Departments of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Yale University, Connecticut, USA
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48
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Dyakin VV, Wisniewski TM, Lajtha A. Racemization in Post-Translational Modifications Relevance to Protein Aging, Aggregation and Neurodegeneration: Tip of the Iceberg. Symmetry (Basel) 2021; 13:455. [PMID: 34350031 PMCID: PMC8330555 DOI: 10.3390/sym13030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Homochirality of DNA and prevalent chirality of free and protein-bound amino acids in a living organism represents the challenge for modern biochemistry and neuroscience. The idea of an association between age-related disease, neurodegeneration, and racemization originated from the studies of fossils and cataract disease. Under the pressure of new results, this concept has a broader significance linking protein folding, aggregation, and disfunction to an organism's cognitive and behavioral functions. The integrity of cognitive function is provided by a delicate balance between the evolutionarily imposed molecular homo-chirality and the epigenetic/developmental impact of spontaneous and enzymatic racemization. The chirality of amino acids is the crucial player in the modulation the structure and function of proteins, lipids, and DNA. The collapse of homochirality by racemization is the result of the conformational phase transition. The racemization of protein-bound amino acids (spontaneous and enzymatic) occurs through thermal activation over the energy barrier or by the tunnel transfer effect under the energy barrier. The phase transition is achieved through the intermediate state, where the chirality of alpha carbon vanished. From a thermodynamic consideration, the system in the homo-chiral (single enantiomeric) state is characterized by a decreased level of entropy. The oscillating protein chirality is suggesting its distinct significance in the neurotransmission and flow of perceptual information, adaptive associative learning, and cognitive laterality. The common pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders include protein misfolding, aging, and the deposition of protease-resistant protein aggregates. Each of the landmarks is influenced by racemization. The brain region, cell type, and age-dependent racemization critically influence the functions of many intracellular, membrane-bound, and extracellular proteins including amyloid precursor protein (APP), TAU, PrP, Huntingtin, α-synuclein, myelin basic protein (MBP), and collagen. The amyloid cascade hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) coexists with the failure of amyloid beta (Aβ) targeting drug therapy. According to our view, racemization should be considered as a critical factor of protein conformation with the potential for inducing order, disorder, misfolding, aggregation, toxicity, and malfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Dyakin
- Virtual Reality Perception Lab (VRPL), The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Thomas M. Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Abel Lajtha
- Center for Neurochemistry, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
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49
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Poejo J, Salazar J, Mata AM, Gutierrez-Merino C. Binding of Amyloid β(1-42)-Calmodulin Complexes to Plasma Membrane Lipid Rafts in Cerebellar Granule Neurons Alters Resting Cytosolic Calcium Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1984. [PMID: 33671444 PMCID: PMC7923178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are a primary target in studies of amyloid β (Aβ) cytotoxicity in neurons. Exogenous Aβ peptides bind to lipid rafts, which in turn play a key role in Aβ uptake, leading to the formation of neurotoxic intracellular Aβ aggregates. On the other hand, dysregulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis in neurons has been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a previous work, we showed that Aβ(1-42), the prevalent Aβ peptide found in the amyloid plaques of AD patients, binds with high affinity to purified calmodulin (CaM), with a dissociation constant ≈1 nM. In this work, to experimentally assess the Aβ(1-42) binding capacity to intracellular CaM, we used primary cultures of mature cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) as a neuronal model. Our results showed a large complexation of submicromolar concentrations of Aβ(1-42) dimers by CaM in CGN, up to 120 ± 13 picomoles of Aβ(1-42) /2.5 × 106 cells. Using fluorescence microscopy imaging, we showed an extensive co-localization of CaM and Aβ(1-42) in lipid rafts in CGN stained with up to 100 picomoles of Aβ(1-42)-HiLyteTM-Fluor555 monomers. Intracellular Aβ(1-42) concentration in this range was achieved by 2 h incubation of CGN with 2 μM Aβ(1-42), and this treatment lowered the resting cytosolic calcium of mature CGN in partially depolarizing 25 mM potassium medium. We conclude that the primary cause of the resting cytosolic calcium decrease is the inhibition of L-type calcium channels of CGN by Aβ(1-42) dimers, whose activity is inhibited by CaM:Aβ(1-42) complexes bound to lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Poejo
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (J.P.); (J.S.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Jairo Salazar
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (J.P.); (J.S.); (A.M.M.)
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, León 21000, Nicaragua
| | - Ana M. Mata
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (J.P.); (J.S.); (A.M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Instituto de Biomarcadores de Patologías Moleculares, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (J.P.); (J.S.); (A.M.M.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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50
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Kim BH, Nho K, Lee JM. Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci of brain atrophy to NFIA and ST18 in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 102:200.e1-200.e11. [PMID: 33640202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To identify genetic variants influencing cortical atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of mean cortical thicknesses in 17 AD-related brain. In this study, we used neuroimaging and genetic data of 919 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort, which include 268 cognitively normal controls, 488 mild cognitive impairment, 163 AD individuals. We performed GWAS with 3,041,429 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cortical thickness. The results of GWAS indicated that rs10109716 in ST18 (ST18 C2H2C-type zinc finger transcription factor) and rs661526 in NFIA (nuclear factor I A) genes are significantly associated with mean cortical thicknesses of the left inferior frontal gyrus and left parahippocampal gyrus, respectively. The rs661526 regulates the expression levels of NFIA in the substantia nigra and frontal cortex and rs10109716 regulates the expression levels of ST18 in the thalamus. These results suggest a crucial role of identified genes for cortical atrophy and could provide further insights into the genetic basis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
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