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Xia Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhu H, Zhong X, Song W, Yuan J, Sha Z, Li F. Gene structure, expression and function analysis of the MyoD gene in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Gene 2024; 921:148523. [PMID: 38703863 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is a representative species of decapod crustacean and an economically important marine aquaculture species worldwide. However, research on the genes involved in muscle growth and development in shrimp is still lacking. MyoD is recognized as a crucial regulator of myogenesis and plays an essential role in muscle growth and differentiation in various animals. Nonetheless, little information is available concerning the function of this gene among crustaceans. In this study, we identified a sequence of the MyoD gene (LvMyoD) with a conserved bHLH domain in the L. vannamei genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both the overall protein sequence and specific functional sites of LvMyoD are highly conserved with those of other crustacean species and that they are evolutionarily closely related to vertebrate MyoD and Myf5. LvMyoD expression is initially high during early muscle development in shrimp and gradually decreases after 40 days post-larval development. In adults, the muscle-specific expression of LvMyoD was confirmed through RT-qPCR analysis. Knockdown of LvMyoD inhibited the growth of the shrimp in body length and weight. Histological observation and transcriptome sequencing of muscle samples after RNA interference (RNAi) revealed nuclear agglutination and looseness in muscle fibers. Additionally, we observed significant effects on the expression of genes involved in heat shock proteins, myosins, actins, protein synthesis, and glucose metabolism. These findings suggest that LvMyoD plays a critical role in regulating muscle protein synthesis and muscle cell differentiation. Overall, this study highlights the involvement of LvMyoD in myogenesis and muscle growth, suggesting that it is a potentially important regulatory target for shrimp breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Xia
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, Collage of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, Collage of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haochen Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, Collage of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Jianbo Yuan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhenxia Sha
- Institute of Aquatic Biotechnology, Collage of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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2
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Taweechat P, Boonamnaj P, Samsó M, Sompornpisut P. Significance of Zn 2+ in RyR1 for Structural Integrity and Ligand Binding: Insight from Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:4670-4684. [PMID: 38717304 PMCID: PMC11103704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) is a Ca2+-release channel central to skeletal muscle excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. RyR1's cryo-EM structures reveal a zinc-finger motif positioned within the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain (CTD). Yet, owing to limitations in cryo-EM resolution, RyR1 structures lack precision in detailing the metal coordination structure, prompting the need for an accurate model. In this study, we employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the density functional theory (DFT) method to refine the binding characteristics of Zn2+ in the zinc-finger site of the RyR1 channel. Our findings also highlight substantial conformational changes in simulations conducted in the absence of Zn2+. Notably, we observed a loss of contact at the interface between protein domains proximal to the zinc-finger site, indicating a crucial role of Zn2+ in maintaining structural integrity and interdomain interactions within RyR1. Furthermore, this study provides valuable insights into the modulation of ATP, Ca2+, and caffeine binding, shedding light on the intricate relationship between Zn2+ coordination and the dynamic behavior of RyR1. Our integrative approach combining MD simulations and DFT calculations enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing ligand binding in RyR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panyakorn Taweechat
- Center
of Excellence in Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Panisak Boonamnaj
- Center
of Excellence in Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Montserrat Samsó
- Department
of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Pornthep Sompornpisut
- Center
of Excellence in Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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3
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Zhang Y, Yang W, Xue Y, Hou D, Chen S, Xu Z, Peng S, Zhao H, Wang C, Liu C. Timing Matters: Time of Day Impacts the Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1421. [PMID: 38794659 PMCID: PMC11124133 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine has attracted significant attention from researchers in the sports field due to its well-documented ergogenic effects across various athletic disciplines. As research on caffeine continues to progress, there has been a growing emphasis on evaluating caffeine dosage and administration methods. However, investigations into the optimal timing of caffeine intake remain limited. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to assess the ergogenic effects of caffeine administration at different times during the morning (06:00 to 10:00) and evening (16:00 to 21:00). The review findings suggest that circadian rhythms play a substantial role in influencing sports performance, potentially contributing to a decline in morning performance. Caffeine administration has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating this phenomenon, resulting in ergogenic effects and performance enhancement, even comparable to nighttime levels. While the specific mechanisms by which caffeine regulates circadian rhythms and influences sports performance remain unclear, this review also explores the mechanisms underlying caffeine's ergogenic effects, including the adenosine receptor blockade, increased muscle calcium release, and modulation of catecholamines. Additionally, the narrative review underscores caffeine's indirect impact on circadian rhythms by enhancing responsiveness to light-induced phase shifts. Although the precise mechanisms through which caffeine improves morning performance declines via circadian rhythm regulation necessitate further investigations, it is noteworthy that the timing of caffeine administration significantly affects its ergogenic effects during exercise. This emphasizes the importance of considering caffeine intake timing in future research endeavors to optimize its ergogenic potential and elucidate its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yizhang Xue
- Sport Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dingchun Hou
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Songyue Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhiqin Xu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sijia Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Can Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Dubey A, Baxter M, Hendargo KJ, Medrano-Soto A, Saier MH. The Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Family: A New Member of the Voltage Gated Ion Channel Superfamily? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5005. [PMID: 38732224 PMCID: PMC11084639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this report we present seven lines of bioinformatic evidence supporting the conclusion that the Pentameric Ligand-gated Ion Channel (pLIC) Family is a member of the Voltage-gated Ion Channel (VIC) Superfamily. In our approach, we used the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) as a reference and applied a series of bioinformatic methods to search for similarities between the pLIC family and members of the VIC superfamily. These include: (1) sequence similarity, (2) compatibility of topology and hydropathy profiles, (3) shared domains, (4) conserved motifs, (5) similarity of Hidden Markov Model profiles between families, (6) common 3D structural folds, and (7) clustering analysis of all families. Furthermore, sequence and structural comparisons as well as the identification of a 3-TMS repeat unit in the VIC superfamily suggests that the sixth transmembrane segment evolved into a re-entrant loop. This evidence suggests that the voltage-sensor domain and the channel domain have a common origin. The classification of the pLIC family within the VIC superfamily sheds light onto the topological origins of this family and its evolution, which will facilitate experimental verification and further research into this superfamily by the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arturo Medrano-Soto
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA; (A.D.); (M.B.); (K.J.H.)
| | - Milton H. Saier
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA; (A.D.); (M.B.); (K.J.H.)
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5
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Stanková J, Jurášek M, Hajdúch M, Džubák P. Terpenes and Terpenoids Conjugated with BODIPYs: An Overview of Biological and Chemical Properties. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1306-1319. [PMID: 38482846 PMCID: PMC11061839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Advancements in small-molecule research have created the need for sensitive techniques to accurately study biological processes in living systems. Fluorescent-labeled probes have become indispensable tools, particularly those that use boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes. Terpenes and terpenoids are organic compounds found in nature that offer diverse biological activities, and BODIPY-based probes play a crucial role in studying these compounds. Monoterpene-BODIPY conjugates have exhibited potential for staining bacterial and fungal cells. Sesquiterpene-BODIPY derivatives have been used to study sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), indicating their potential for drug development. Owing to their unique properties, diterpenes have been investigated using BODIPY conjugates to evaluate their mechanisms of action. Triterpene-BODIPY conjugates have been synthesized for biological studies, with different spacers affecting their cytotoxicity. Fluorescent probes, inspired by terpenoid-containing vitamins, have also been developed. Derivatives of tocopherol, coenzyme Q10, and vitamin K1 can provide insights into their oxidation-reduction abilities. All these probes have diverse applications, including the study of cell membranes to investigate immune responses and antioxidant properties. Further research in this field can help better understand and use terpenes and terpenoids in various biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Stanková
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Jurášek
- Department
of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University
of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory
of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational
Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory
of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational
Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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6
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Ouyang M, Zhou B, Li C, Deng L. Characterization of PDGF-Induced Subcellular Calcium Regulation through Calcium Channels in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells by FRET Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:179. [PMID: 38667172 PMCID: PMC11048225 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The homeostasis of cellular calcium is fundamental for many physiological processes, while the calcium levels remain inhomogeneous within cells. During the onset of asthma, epithelial and inflammatory cells secrete platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), inducing the proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle (ASM) to the epidermal layer, narrowing the airway. The regulation of ASM cells by PDGF is closely related to the conduction of calcium signals. In this work, we generated subcellular-targeted FRET biosensors to investigate calcium regulation in the different compartments of ASM cells. A PDGF-induced cytoplasmic calcium [Ca2+]C increase was attributed to both extracellular calcium influx and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium [Ca2+]ER release, which was partially regulated by the PLC-IP3R pathway. Interestingly, the removal of the extracellular calcium influx led to inhibited ER calcium release, likely through inhibitory effects on the calcium-dependent activation of the ER ryanodine receptor. The inhibition of the L-type calcium channel on the plasma membrane or the SERCA pump on the ER resulted in both reduced [Ca2+]C and [Ca2+]ER from PDGF stimulation, while IP3R channel inhibition led to reduced [Ca2+]C only. The inhibited SERCA pump caused an immediate [Ca2+]C increase and [Ca2+]ER decrease, indicating active calcium exchange between the cytosol and ER storage in resting cells. PDGF-induced calcium at the outer mitochondrial membrane sub-region showed a similar regulatory response to cytosolic calcium, not influenced by the inhibition of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter channel. Therefore, our work identifies calcium flow pathways among the extracellular medium, cell cytosol, and ER via regulatory calcium channels. Specifically, extracellular calcium flow has an essential function in fully activating ER calcium release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Ouyang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Binqian Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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7
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Kumari N, Pullaguri N, Rath SN, Bajaj A, Sahu V, Ealla KKR. Dysregulation of calcium homeostasis in cancer and its role in chemoresistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:11. [PMID: 38510751 PMCID: PMC10951838 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Globally, cancer, as a major public health concern, poses a severe threat to people's well-being. Advanced and specialized therapies can now cure the majority of people with early-stage cancer. However, emerging resistance to traditional and novel chemotherapeutic drugs remains a serious issue in clinical medicine. Chemoresistance often leads to cancer recurrence, metastasis, and increased mortality, accounting for 90% of chemotherapy failures. Thus, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance and find novel therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Among the several factors responsible for chemoresistance, calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation plays a significant role in cancer progression and chemoresistance. Therefore, targeting this derailed Ca2+ signalling for cancer therapy has become an emerging research area. Of note, the Ca2+ signal and its proteins are a multifaceted and potent tool by which cells achieve specific outcomes. Depending on cell survival needs, Ca2+ is either upregulated or downregulated in both chemosensitive and chemoresistant cancer cells. Consequently, the appropriate treatment should be selected based on Ca2+ signalling dysregulation. This review discusses the role of Ca2+ in cancer cells and the targeting of Ca2+ channels, pumps, and exchangers. Furthermore, we have emphasised the role of Ca2+ in chemoresistance and therapeutic strategies. In conclusion, targeting Ca2+ signalling is a multifaceted process. Methods such as site-specific drug delivery, target-based drug-designing, and targeting two or more Ca2+ proteins simultaneously may be explored; however, further clinical studies are essential to validate Ca2+ blockers' anti-cancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad 500055, India
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Narasimha Pullaguri
- Research & Development division, Hetero Biopharma Limited, Jadcherla 509301, India
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Subha Narayan Rath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 502284, India
| | - Ashish Bajaj
- National Reference Laboratory, Oncquest Laboratories Ltd., Gurugram 122001, India
| | - Vikas Sahu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad 500055, India
| | - Kranti Kiran Reddy Ealla
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad 500055, India
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8
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Sun S, Zhao G, Jia M, Jiang Q, Li S, Wang H, Li W, Wang Y, Bian X, Zhao YG, Huang X, Yang G, Cai H, Pastor-Pareja JC, Ge L, Zhang C, Hu J. Stay in touch with the endoplasmic reticulum. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:230-257. [PMID: 38212460 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is composed of a continuous network of tubules and sheets, forms the most widely distributed membrane system in eukaryotic cells. As a result, it engages a variety of organelles by establishing membrane contact sites (MCSs). These contacts regulate organelle positioning and remodeling, including fusion and fission, facilitate precise lipid exchange, and couple vital signaling events. Here, we systematically review recent advances and converging themes on ER-involved organellar contact. The molecular basis, cellular influence, and potential physiological functions for ER/nuclear envelope contacts with mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes, lysosomes, lipid droplets, autophagosomes, and plasma membrane are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingkang Jia
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yan G Zhao
- Brain Research Center, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Machine Intelligence, School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Huaqing Cai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jose C Pastor-Pareja
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Institute of Neurosciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientfflcas-Universidad Miguel Hernandez, San Juan de Alicante, 03550, Spain.
| | - Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Junjie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Li W, Wang Y, Li C, Wang F, Shan H. Responses and correlation among ER stress, Ca 2+ homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism in Penaeus vannamei under ammonia stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 267:106837. [PMID: 38228042 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, Ca2+ homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism in the environmental adaptation of aquatic animals is significant, but further confirmation of the relationship between these factors is needed. This study aimed to investigate the responses and correlations among ER stress, Ca2+ homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism in Penaeus vannamei under ammonia stress. A total of 640 P. vannamei weighing 3.0 ± 0.4 g were selected and exposed to different total ammonia concentrations (0 mg/L for the control group and 3.80, 7.60, and 11.40 mg/L for the stress groups). The experiment involved a 96 h ammonia stress period to assess indicators related to ER stress, Ca2+ homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism. The experimental results revealed that after 12 h, exposure to ammonia induced the ER stress response in the hepatopancreas of the shrimp. The groups exposed to concentrations of 3.8 mg/L and 7.6 mg/L exhibited an increase in ER Ca2+ efflux, a decrease in influx, an elevation in mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, an enhanced energy demand within the organism, and substantial consumption of triglycerides. The 11.3 mg/L group exhibited a significant enhancement in fatty acid metabolism. At 24 h, the ER stress response induced by ammonia in the shrimp exhibited a gradual recovery. In the 7.6 mg/L and 11.3 mg/L groups, the ER Ca2+ influx and efflux exhibited significant enhancements, while the mitochondrial Ca2+ influx decreased and the organism's energy demand increased. Moreover, there was a substantial enhancement in fatty acid metabolism. At 48 h, the ER stress response disappeared in each stress group, ER Ca2+ efflux was reduced, triglycerides were consumed, and the body's energy homeostasis was basically restored. At 96 h, a stress response reoccurred in the ER in each stress group, resulting in increased influx of Ca2+ into the ER, augmented energy demand within the organism, and notable enhancement in fatty acid metabolism. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the NH3-N content in the hepatopancreas and the expression of ER stress-related genes, as well as between ER Ca2+ influx/efflux and energy homeostasis/fatty acid metabolism. The findings indicate that the stress induced by ammonia triggers an ER stress response in P. vannamei, resulting in ER Ca2+ efflux and mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, which, in turn, enhances fatty acid metabolism to generate additional energy for adaptation in stressful environments. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the environmental adaptability of P. vannamei in the context of Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changjian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongwei Shan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
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10
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Akcay SN, Saylan CC, Tekin A, Baday S. Optimization of CHARMM force field parameters for ryanodine receptor inhibitory drug dantrolene using FFTK and FFParam. J Mol Model 2024; 30:46. [PMID: 38261112 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are large intracellular ligand-gated calcium release ion channels. Mutations in human RyR1 in combination with a volatile anesthetic or muscle relaxant are known to cause leaky RyRs resulting in malignant hyperthermia (MH). This has long been primarily treated with the RyR inhibitory drug dantrolene. Alternatives to dantrolene as a RyR inhibitor may be found through computer-aided drug design. Additionally, molecular dynamics (MD) studies of dantrolene interacting with RyRs may reveal its full mechanism of action. The availability of accurate force field parameters is important for the success of both. METHODS In this study, force field parameters for dantrolene were obtained from the CHARMM General Force Field (CGenFF) program and optimized using the force field toolkit (FFTK) and FFParam programs. The obtained parameters were then validated by a comparison between calculated and experimental IR spectra and normal mode analysis, among other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Nur Akcay
- Computational Science and Engineering Department, Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cemil Can Saylan
- Computational Science and Engineering Department, Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Adem Tekin
- Computational Science and Engineering Department, Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye
- TÜBİTAK Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Sefer Baday
- Computational Science and Engineering Department, Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- Applied Informatics Department, Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye.
- Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering Department, Faculty of Computer Informatics and Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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11
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Kang PW, Woodbury L, Angsutararux P, Sambare N, Shi J, Marras M, Abella C, Bedi A, Zinn D, Cui J, Silva JR. Arrhythmia-associated calmodulin variants interact with KCNQ1 to confer aberrant membrane trafficking and function. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad335. [PMID: 37965565 PMCID: PMC10642763 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Missense variants in calmodulin (CaM) predispose patients to arrhythmias associated with high mortality rates ("calmodulinopathy"). As CaM regulates many key cardiac ion channels, an understanding of disease mechanism associated with CaM variant arrhythmias requires elucidating individual CaM variant effects on distinct channels. One key CaM regulatory target is the KCNQ1 (KV7.1) voltage-gated potassium channel that carries the IKs current. Yet, relatively little is known as to how CaM variants interact with KCNQ1 or affect its function. Here, we take a multipronged approach employing a live-cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer binding assay, fluorescence trafficking assay, and functional electrophysiology to characterize >10 arrhythmia-associated CaM variants for effect on KCNQ1 CaM binding, membrane trafficking, and channel function. We identify one variant (G114W) that exhibits severely weakened binding to KCNQ1 but find that most other CaM variants interact with similar binding affinity to KCNQ1 when compared with CaM wild-type over physiological Ca2+ ranges. We further identify several CaM variants that affect KCNQ1 and IKs membrane trafficking and/or baseline current activation kinetics, thereby delineating KCNQ1 dysfunction in calmodulinopathy. Lastly, we identify CaM variants with no effect on KCNQ1 function. This study provides extensive functional data that reveal how CaM variants contribute to creating a proarrhythmic substrate by causing abnormal KCNQ1 membrane trafficking and current conduction. We find that CaM variant regulation of KCNQ1 is not uniform with effects varying from benign to significant loss of function, suggesting how CaM variants predispose patients to arrhythmia via the dysregulation of multiple cardiac ion channels. Classification: Biological, Health, and Medical Sciences, Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po wei Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lucy Woodbury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Paweorn Angsutararux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Namit Sambare
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jingyi Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Martina Marras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Carlota Abella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Anish Bedi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - DeShawn Zinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jianmin Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jonathan R Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St.Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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12
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Hua T, Robitaille M, Roberts-Thomson SJ, Monteith GR. The intersection between cysteine proteases, Ca 2+ signalling and cancer cell apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119532. [PMID: 37393017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a highly complex and regulated cell death pathway that safeguards the physiological balance between life and death. Over the past decade, the role of Ca2+ signalling in apoptosis and the mechanisms involved have become clearer. The initiation and execution of apoptosis is coordinated by three distinct groups of cysteines proteases: the caspase, calpain and cathepsin families. Beyond its physiological importance, the ability to evade apoptosis is a prominent hallmark of cancer cells. In this review, we will explore the involvement of Ca2+ in the regulation of caspase, calpain and cathepsin activity, and how the actions of these cysteine proteases alter intracellular Ca2+ handling during apoptosis. We will also explore how apoptosis resistance can be achieved in cancer cells through deregulation of cysteine proteases and remodelling of the Ca2+ signalling toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh Hua
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Mélanie Robitaille
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | | | - Gregory R Monteith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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13
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Shehzad M, Bodlah I, Siddiqui JA, Bodlah MA, Fareen AGE, Islam W. Recent insights into pesticide resistance mechanisms in Plutella xylostella and possible management strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:95296-95311. [PMID: 37606784 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Insects are incredibly successful and diverse organisms, but they also pose a significant threat to agricultural crops, causing potential losses of up to US$470 billion. Among these pests, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), a devastating insect that attacks cruciferous vegetables, alone results in monetary losses of around US$4-5 billion worldwide. While insecticides have effectively protected plants under field conditions, their use comes with various environmental and mammalian hazards. Additionally, insects are developing resistance to commonly used insecticides, rendering management strategies less effective. Arthropods employ a range of behavioral and biochemical mechanisms to cope with harmful chemicals, which contribute to the development of resistance. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for addressing the issue of resistance. It is imperative to integrate strategies that can delay the development of resistance and enhance the efficiency of insecticides. Therefore, we present an overview of insecticide resistance in insects, focusing on P. xylostella, to provide insights into the current resistance status of this pest and propose tactics that can improve the effectiveness of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shehzad
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Imran Bodlah
- Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- College of Agriculture, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Bodlah
- Fareed Biodiversity Conservation Centre, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Gull E Fareen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Islam
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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14
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Alvarez JAE, Jafri MS, Ullah A. Local Control Model of a Human Ventricular Myocyte: An Exploration of Frequency-Dependent Changes and Calcium Sparks. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1259. [PMID: 37627324 PMCID: PMC10452762 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) sparks are the elementary events of excitation-contraction coupling, yet they are not explicitly represented in human ventricular myocyte models. A stochastic ventricular cardiomyocyte human model that adapts to intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) dynamics, spark regulation, and frequency-dependent changes in the form of locally controlled Ca2+ release was developed. The 20,000 CRUs in this model are composed of 9 individual LCCs and 49 RyRs that function as couplons. The simulated action potential duration at 1 Hz steady-state pacing is ~0.280 s similar to human ventricular cell recordings. Rate-dependence experiments reveal that APD shortening mechanisms are largely contributed by the L-type calcium channel inactivation, RyR open fraction, and [Ca2+]myo concentrations. The dynamic slow-rapid-slow pacing protocol shows that RyR open probability during high pacing frequency (2.5 Hz) switches to an adapted "nonconducting" form of Ca2+-dependent transition state. The predicted force was also observed to be increased in high pacing, but the SR Ca2+ fractional release was lower due to the smaller difference between diastolic and systolic [Ca2+]SR. Restitution analysis through the S1S2 protocol and increased LCC Ca2+-dependent activation rate show that the duration of LCC opening helps modulate its effects on the APD restitution at different diastolic intervals. Ultimately, a longer duration of calcium sparks was observed in relation to the SR Ca2+ loading at high pacing rates. Overall, this study demonstrates the spontaneous Ca2+ release events and ion channel responses throughout various stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Saleet Jafri
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20201, USA
| | - Aman Ullah
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA;
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15
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Zhang IX, Herrmann A, Leon J, Jeyarajan S, Arunagiri A, Arvan P, Gilon P, Satin LS. ER stress increases expression of intracellular calcium channel RyR1 to modify Ca 2+ homeostasis in pancreatic beta cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105065. [PMID: 37468098 PMCID: PMC10448220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells maintain glucose homeostasis by secreting pulses of insulin in response to a rise in plasma glucose. Pulsatile insulin secretion occurs as a result of glucose-induced oscillations in beta-cell cytosolic Ca2+. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) helps regulate beta-cell cytosolic Ca2+, and ER stress can lead to ER Ca2+ reduction, beta-cell dysfunction, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanistic effects of ER stress on individual calcium channels are not well understood. To determine the effects of tunicamycin-induced ER stress on ER inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and their involvement in subsequent Ca2+ dysregulation, we treated INS-1 832/13 cells and primary mouse islets with ER stress inducer tunicamycin (TM). We showed TM treatment increased RyR1 mRNA without affecting RyR2 mRNA and decreased both IP3R1 and IP3R3 mRNA. Furthermore, we found stress reduced ER Ca2+ levels, triggered oscillations in cytosolic Ca2+ under subthreshold glucose conditions, and increased apoptosis and that these changes were prevented by cotreatment with the RyR1 inhibitor dantrolene. In addition, we demonstrated silencing RyR1-suppressed TM-induced subthreshold cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations, but silencing RyR2 did not affect these oscillations. In contrast, inhibiting IP3Rs with xestospongin-C failed to suppress the TM-induced cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations and did not protect beta cells from TM-induced apoptosis although xestospongin-C inclusion did prevent ER Ca2+ reduction. Taken together, these results show changes in RyR1 play a critical role in ER stress-induced Ca2+ dysfunction and beta-cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina X Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Brehm Diabetes Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrea Herrmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Brehm Diabetes Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan Leon
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sivakumar Jeyarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Brehm Diabetes Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anoop Arunagiri
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick Gilon
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition (EDIN), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leslie S Satin
- Department of Pharmacology and Brehm Diabetes Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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16
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Yang HS, Choi JM, In J, Sung TY, Kim YB, Sultana S. Current clinical application of dantrolene sodium. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2023; 18:220-232. [PMID: 37691593 PMCID: PMC10410554 DOI: 10.17085/apm.22260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dantrolene sodium (DS) was first introduced as an oral antispasmodic drug. However, in 1975, DS was demonstrated to be effective for managing malignant hyperthermia (MH) and was adopted as the primary therapeutic drug after intravenous administration. However, it is difficult to administer DS intravenously to manage MH. MH is life-threatening, pharmacogenomically related, and induced by depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents or inhalational anesthetics. All anesthesiologists should know the pharmacology of DS. DS suppresses Ca2+ release from ryanodine receptors (RyRs). RyRs are expressed in various tissues, although their distribution differs among subtypes. The anatomical and physiological functions of RyRs have also been demonstrated as effective therapeutic drugs for cardiac arrhythmias, Alzheimer's disease, and other RyR-related diseases. Recently, a new formulation was introduced that enhanced the hydrophilicity of the lipophilic DS. The authors summarize the pharmacological properties of DS and comment on its indications, contraindications, adverse effects, and interactions with other drugs by reviewing reference articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seuk Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Moon Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junyong In
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Tae-yun Sung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konyang University Hopsital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Beom Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Shofina Sultana
- Department of Anesthesia, Analgesia and lntensive Care lVedicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka, Bangladesh
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17
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Smith HA, Thillaiappan NB, Rossi AM. IP 3 receptors: An "elementary" journey from structure to signals. Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102761. [PMID: 37271052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are large tetrameric channels which sit mostly in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mediate Ca2+ release from intracellular stores in response to extracellular stimuli in almost all cells. Dual regulation of IP3Rs by IP3 and Ca2+ itself, upstream "licensing", and the arrangement of IP3Rs into small clusters in the ER membrane, allow IP3Rs to generate spatially and temporally diverse Ca2+ signals. The characteristic biphasic regulation of IP3Rs by cytosolic Ca2+ concentration underpins regenerative Ca2+ signals by Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release, while also preventing uncontrolled explosive Ca2+ release. In this way, cells can harness a simple ion such as Ca2+ as a near-universal intracellular messenger to regulate diverse cellular functions, including those with conflicting outcomes such as cell survival and cell death. High-resolution structures of the IP3R bound to IP3 and Ca2+ in different combinations have together started to unravel the workings of this giant channel. Here we discuss, in the context of recently published structures, how the tight regulation of IP3Rs and their cellular geography lead to generation of "elementary" local Ca2+ signals known as Ca2+ "puffs", which form the fundamental bottleneck through which all IP3-mediated cytosolic Ca2+ signals must first pass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ana M Rossi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom.
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18
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A bivalent remipede toxin promotes calcium release via ryanodine receptor activation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1036. [PMID: 36823422 PMCID: PMC9950431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multivalent ligands of ion channels have proven to be both very rare and highly valuable in yielding unique insights into channel structure and pharmacology. Here, we describe a bivalent peptide from the venom of Xibalbanus tulumensis, a troglobitic arthropod from the enigmatic class Remipedia, that causes persistent calcium release by activation of ion channels involved in muscle contraction. The high-resolution solution structure of φ-Xibalbin3-Xt3a reveals a tandem repeat arrangement of inhibitor-cysteine knot (ICK) domains previously only found in spider venoms. The individual repeats of Xt3a share sequence similarity with a family of scorpion toxins that target ryanodine receptors (RyR). Single-channel electrophysiology and quantification of released Ca2+ stores within skinned muscle fibers confirm Xt3a as a bivalent RyR modulator. Our results reveal convergent evolution of RyR targeting toxins in remipede and scorpion venoms, while the tandem-ICK repeat architecture is an evolutionary innovation that is convergent with toxins from spider venoms.
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19
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Kang PW, Woodbury L, Angsutararux P, Sambare N, Shi J, Marras M, Abella C, Bedi A, Zinn D, Cui J, Silva JR. Arrhythmia-associated Calmodulin Variants Interact with KCNQ1 to Confer Aberrant Membrane Trafficking and Function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.28.526031. [PMID: 36747728 PMCID: PMC9900995 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.28.526031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Missense variants in calmodulin (CaM) predispose patients to arrhythmias associated with high mortality rates. As CaM regulates several key cardiac ion channels, a mechanistic understanding of CaM variant-associated arrhythmias requires elucidating individual CaM variant effect on distinct channels. One key CaM regulatory target is the KCNQ1 (K V 7.1) voltage-gated potassium channel that underlie the I Ks current. Yet, relatively little is known as to how CaM variants interact with KCNQ1 or affect its function. Objective To observe how arrhythmia-associated CaM variants affect binding to KCNQ1, channel membrane trafficking, and KCNQ1 function. Methods and Results We combine a live-cell FRET binding assay, fluorescence trafficking assay, and functional electrophysiology to characterize >10 arrhythmia-associated CaM variants effect on KCNQ1. We identify one variant (G114W) that exhibits severely weakened binding to KCNQ1 but find that most other CaM variants interact with similar binding affinity to KCNQ1 when compared to CaM wild-type over physiological Ca 2+ ranges. We further identify several CaM variants that affect KCNQ1 and I Ks membrane trafficking and/or baseline current activation kinetics, thereby contextualizing KCNQ1 dysfunction in calmodulinopathy. Lastly, we delineate CaM variants with no effect on KCNQ1 function. Conclusions This study provides comprehensive functional data that reveal how CaM variants contribute to creating a pro-arrhythmic substrate by causing abnormal KCNQ1 membrane trafficking and current conduction. We find that CaM variant regulation of KCNQ1 is not uniform with effects varying from benign to significant loss of function. This study provides a new approach to collecting details of CaM binding that are key for understanding how CaM variants predispose patients to arrhythmia via the dysregulation of multiple cardiac ion channels.
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20
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Kiriaev L, Baumann CW, Lindsay A. Eccentric contraction-induced strength loss in dystrophin-deficient muscle: Preparations, protocols, and mechanisms. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:213810. [PMID: 36651896 PMCID: PMC9856740 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of dystrophin hypersensitizes skeletal muscle of lower and higher vertebrates to eccentric contraction (ECC)-induced strength loss. Loss of strength can be accompanied by transient and reversible alterations to sarcolemmal excitability and disruption, triad dysfunction, and aberrations in calcium kinetics and reactive oxygen species production. The degree of ECC-induced strength loss, however, appears dependent on several extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as vertebrate model, skeletal muscle preparation (in vivo, in situ, or ex vivo), skeletal muscle hierarchy (single fiber versus whole muscle and permeabilized versus intact), strength production, fiber branching, age, and genetic background, among others. Consistent findings across research groups show that dystrophin-deficient fast(er)-twitch muscle is hypersensitive to ECCs relative to wildtype muscle, but because preparations are highly variable and sensitivity to ECCs are used repeatedly to determine efficacy of many preclinical treatments, it is critical to evaluate the impact of skeletal muscle preparations on sensitivity to ECC-induced strength loss in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle. Here, we review and discuss variations in skeletal muscle preparations to evaluate the factors responsible for variations and discrepancies between research groups. We further highlight that dystrophin-deficiency, or loss of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in skeletal muscle, is not a prerequisite for accelerated strength loss-induced by ECCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonit Kiriaev
- Muscle Research Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cory W. Baumann
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Angus Lindsay
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,Correspondence to Angus Lindsay:
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21
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Postić S, Sarikas S, Pfabe J, Pohorec V, Križančić Bombek L, Sluga N, Skelin Klemen M, Dolenšek J, Korošak D, Stožer A, Evans-Molina C, Johnson JD, Slak Rupnik M. High-resolution analysis of the cytosolic Ca 2+ events in β cell collectives in situ. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E42-E55. [PMID: 36449570 PMCID: PMC9829482 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00165.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The release of peptide hormones is predominantly regulated by a transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c). To trigger exocytosis, Ca2+ ions enter the cytosol from intracellular Ca2+ stores or from the extracellular space. The molecular events of late stages of exocytosis, and their dependence on [Ca2+]c, were extensively described in isolated single cells from various endocrine glands. Notably, less work has been done on endocrine cells in situ to address the heterogeneity of [Ca2+]c events contributing to a collective functional response of a gland. For this, β cell collectives in a pancreatic islet are particularly well suited as they are the smallest, experimentally manageable functional unit, where [Ca2+]c dynamics can be simultaneously assessed on both cellular and collective level. Here, we measured [Ca2+]c transients across all relevant timescales, from a subsecond to a minute time range, using high-resolution imaging with a low-affinity Ca2+ sensor. We quantified the recordings with a novel computational framework for automatic image segmentation and [Ca2+]c event identification. Our results demonstrate that under physiological conditions the duration of [Ca2+]c events is variable, and segregated into three reproducible modes, subsecond, second, and tens of seconds time range, and are a result of a progressive temporal summation of the shortest events. Using pharmacological tools we show that activation of intracellular Ca2+ receptors is both sufficient and necessary for glucose-dependent [Ca2+]c oscillations in β cell collectives, and that a subset of [Ca2+]c events could be triggered even in the absence of Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. In aggregate, our experimental and analytical platform was able to readily address the involvement of intracellular Ca2+ receptors in shaping the heterogeneity of [Ca2+]c responses in collectives of endocrine cells in situ.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Physiological glucose or ryanodine stimulation of β cell collectives generates a large number of [Ca2+]c events, which can be rapidly assessed with our newly developed automatic image segmentation and [Ca2+]c event identification pipeline. The event durations segregate into three reproducible modes produced by a progressive temporal summation. Using pharmacological tools, we show that activation of ryanodine intracellular Ca2+ receptors is both sufficient and necessary for glucose-dependent [Ca2+]c oscillations in β cell collectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Postić
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Srdjan Sarikas
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Pfabe
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viljem Pohorec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Nastja Sluga
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Skelin Klemen
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dean Korošak
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marjan Slak Rupnik
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Alma Mater Europaea-European Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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22
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Lin L, Jiang H, Hadiatullah H, Ma R, Korza H, Gu Y, Yuchi Z. Calmodulin Modulation of Insect Ryanodine Receptors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:16156-16163. [PMID: 36524829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptor (RyR) is a giant calcium release channel located on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we report the regulation of RyRs from two major agricultural pests, diamondback moth and fall armyworm, by insect calmodulin (CaM). The recombinantly expressed full-length insect RyR could be pulled down by insect CaM in the presence of Ca2+, but the efficiency is lower compared to rabbit RyR1 and insect RyR with the CaM-binding domain (CaMBD) replaced by rabbit RyR1 sequence. Interestingly, the enhanced binding of CaM in the mutant insect RyR resulted in an increased sensitivity to the diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole (CHL), suggesting that this CaM-CaMBD interface could be targeted by potential synergists acting as molecular glue. The thermodynamics of the binding between insect CaM and CaMBD was characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry, and the key residues responsible for the insect-specific regulation were identified through mutagenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyun Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Hadiatullah Hadiatullah
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Ruifang Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Henryk Korza
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, BerkshireRG42 6EY, UK
| | - Yucheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, BerkshireRG42 6EY, UK
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou341000, China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin300072, China
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23
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Zhao J, Li M, Xu J, Cheng W. The modulation of ion channels in cancer chemo-resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:945896. [PMID: 36033489 PMCID: PMC9399684 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.945896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels modulate the flow of ions into and out of a cell or intracellular organelle, leading to generation of electrical or chemical signals and regulating ion homeostasis. The abundance of ion channels in the plasma and intracellular membranes are subject to physiological and pathological regulations. Abnormal and dysregulated expressions of many ion channels are found to be linked to cancer and cancer chemo-resistance. Here, we will summarize ion channels distribution in multiple tumors. And the involvement of ion channels in cancer chemo-resistance will be highlighted.
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24
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Hadiatullah H, He Z, Yuchi Z. Structural Insight Into Ryanodine Receptor Channelopathies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:897494. [PMID: 35677449 PMCID: PMC9168041 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.897494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are large cation-selective ligand-gated channels that are expressed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane. They mediate the controlled release of Ca2+ from SR and play an important role in many cellular processes. The mutations in RyRs are associated with several skeletal muscle and cardiac conditions, including malignant hyperthermia (MH), central core disease (CCD), catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD). Recent breakthroughs in structural biology including cryo-electron microscopy (EM) and X-ray crystallography allowed the determination of a number of near-atomic structures of RyRs, including wildtype and mutant structures as well as the structures in complex with different modulating molecules. This allows us to comprehend the physiological gating and regulatory mechanisms of RyRs and the underlying pathological mechanisms of the disease-causing mutations. In this review, based on the insights gained from the available high-resolution structures of RyRs, we address several questions: 1) what are the gating mechanisms of different RyR isoforms; 2) how RyRs are regulated by multiple channel modulators, including ions, small molecules, and regulatory proteins; 3) how do disease-causing mutations affect the structure and function of RyRs; 4) how can these structural information aid in the diagnosis of the related diseases and the development of pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiatullah Hadiatullah
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiguang Yuchi,
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25
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Guarnieri AR, Benson TW, Tranter M. Calcium cycling as a mediator of thermogenic metabolism in adipose tissue. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 102:MOLPHARM-MR-2021-000465. [PMID: 35504660 PMCID: PMC9341262 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) in brown and beige fat relies on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-mediated heat generation, although alternative mechanisms of NST have been identified, including sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-calcium cycling. Intracellular calcium is a crucial cell signaling molecule for which compartmentalization is tightly regulated, and the sarco-endoplasmic calcium ATPase (SERCA) actively pumps calcium from the cytosol into the SR. In this review, we discuss the capacity of SERCA-mediated calcium cycling as a significant mediator of thermogenesis in both brown and beige adipocytes. Here, we suggest two primary mechanisms of SR calcium mediated thermogenesis. The first mechanism is through direct uncoupling of the ATPase and calcium pump activity of SERCA, resulting in the energy of ATP catalysis being expended as heat in the absence of calcium transport. Regulins, a class of SR membrane proteins, act to decrease the calcium affinity of SERCA and uncouple the calcium transport function from ATPase activity, but remain largely unexplored in adipose tissue thermogenesis. A second mechanism is through futile cycling of SR calcium whereby SERCA-mediated SR calcium influx is equally offset by SR calcium efflux, resulting in ATP consumption without a net change in calcium compartmentalization. A fuller understanding of the functional and mechanistic role of calcium cycling as a mediator of adipose tissue thermogenesis and how manipulation of these pathways can be harnessed for therapeutic gain remains unexplored. Significance Statement Enhancing thermogenic metabolism in brown or beige adipose tissue may be of broad therapeutic utility to reduce obesity and metabolic syndrome. Canonical BAT-mediated thermogenesis occurs via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). However, UCP1-independent pathways of thermogenesis, such as sarcoplasmic (SR) calcium cycling, have also been identified, but the regulatory mechanisms and functional significance of these pathways remain largely unexplored. Thus, this mini-review discusses the state of the field with regard to calcium cycling as a thermogenic mediator in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler W Benson
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States
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26
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Rossi D, Pierantozzi E, Amadsun DO, Buonocore S, Rubino EM, Sorrentino V. The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Skeletal Muscle Cells: A Labyrinth of Membrane Contact Sites. Biomolecules 2022; 12:488. [PMID: 35454077 PMCID: PMC9026860 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle cells is a highly ordered structure consisting of an intricate network of tubules and cisternae specialized for regulating Ca2+ homeostasis in the context of muscle contraction. The sarcoplasmic reticulum contains several proteins, some of which support Ca2+ storage and release, while others regulate the formation and maintenance of this highly convoluted organelle and mediate the interaction with other components of the muscle fiber. In this review, some of the main issues concerning the biology of the sarcoplasmic reticulum will be described and discussed; particular attention will be addressed to the structure and function of the two domains of the sarcoplasmic reticulum supporting the excitation-contraction coupling and Ca2+-uptake mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.P.); (D.O.A.); (S.B.); (E.M.R.); (V.S.)
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27
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Reinwald H, Alvincz J, Salinas G, Schäfers C, Hollert H, Eilebrecht S. Toxicogenomic profiling after sublethal exposure to nerve- and muscle-targeting insecticides reveals cardiac and neuronal developmental effects in zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132746. [PMID: 34748799 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For specific primary modes of action (MoA) in environmental non-target organisms, EU legislation restricts the usage of active substances of pesticides or biocides. Corresponding regulatory hazard assessments are costly, time consuming and require large numbers of non-human animal studies. Currently, predictive toxicology of development compounds relies on their chemical structure and provides little insights into toxicity mechanisms that precede adverse effects. Using the zebrafish embryo model, we characterized transcriptomic responses to a range of sublethal concentrations of six nerve- and muscle-targeting insecticides with different MoA (abamectin, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, imidacloprid & methoxychlor). Our aim was to identify affected biological processes and suitable biomarker candidates for MoA-specific signatures. Abamectin showed the most divergent signature among the tested insecticides, linked to lipid metabolic processes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after imidacloprid exposure were primarily associated with immune system and inflammation. In total, 222 early responsive genes to either MoA were identified, many related to three major processes: (1) cardiac muscle cell development and functioning (tcap, desma, bag3, hspb1, hspb8, flnca, myoz3a, mybpc2b, actc2, tnnt2c), (2) oxygen transport and hypoxic stress (alas2, hbbe1.1, hbbe1.3, hbbe2, hbae3, igfbp1a, hif1al) and (3) neuronal development and plasticity (npas4a, egr1, btg2, ier2a, vgf). The thyroidal function related gene dio3b was upregulated by chlorpyrifos and downregulated by higher abamectin concentrations. Important regulatory genes for cardiac muscle (tcap) and forebrain development (npas4a) were the most frequently ifferentially expressed across all insecticide treatments. We consider the identified gene sets as useful early warning biomarker candidates, i.e. for developmental toxicity targeting heart and brain in aquatic vertebrates. Our findings provide a better understanding about early molecular events in response to the analyzed MoA. Perceptively, this promotes the development for sensitive and informative biomarker-based in vitro assays for toxicological MoA prediction and AOP refinement, without the suffering of adult fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Reinwald
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Alvincz
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Services for Integrative Genomics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Department of Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer Attract Eco'n'OMICs, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany.
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28
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Nusier M, Shah AK, Dhalla NS. Structure-Function Relationships and Modifications of Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-Transport. Physiol Res 2022; 70:S443-S470. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a specialized tubular network, which not only maintains the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ at a low level but is also known to release and accumulate Ca2+ for the occurrence of cardiac contraction and relaxation, respectively. This subcellular organelle is composed of several phospholipids and different Ca2+-cycling, Ca2+-binding and regulatory proteins, which work in a coordinated manner to determine its function in cardiomyocytes. Some of the major proteins in the cardiac SR membrane include Ca2+-pump ATPase (SERCA2), Ca2+-release protein (ryanodine receptor), calsequestrin (Ca2+-binding protein) and phospholamban (regulatory protein). The phosphorylation of SR Ca2+-cycling proteins by protein kinase A or Ca2+-calmodulin kinase (directly or indirectly) has been demonstrated to augment SR Ca2+-release and Ca2+-uptake activities and promote cardiac contraction and relaxation functions. The activation of phospholipases and proteases as well as changes in different gene expressions under different pathological conditions have been shown to alter the SR composition and produce Ca2+-handling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes for the development of cardiac dysfunction. The post-translational modifications of SR Ca2+ cycling proteins by processes such as oxidation, nitrosylation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, sumoylation, and O GlcNacylation have also been reported to affect the SR Ca2+ release and uptake activities as well as cardiac contractile activity. The SR function in the heart is also influenced in association with changes in cardiac performance by several hormones including thyroid hormones and adiponectin as well as by exercise-training. On the basis of such observations, it is suggested that both Ca2+-cycling and regulatory proteins in the SR membranes are intimately involved in determining the status of cardiac function and are thus excellent targets for drug development for the treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - NS Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen, Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6 Canada.
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29
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Prakash O, Held M, McCormick LF, Gupta N, Lian LY, Antonyuk S, Haynes LP, Thomas NL, Helassa N. CPVT-associated calmodulin variants N53I and A102V dysregulate Ca2+ signalling via different mechanisms. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274029. [PMID: 34888671 PMCID: PMC8917356 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited condition that can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmia. Human mutations in the Ca2+ sensor calmodulin (CaM) have been associated with CPVT susceptibility, suggesting that CaM dysfunction is a key driver of the disease. However, the detailed molecular mechanism remains unclear. Focusing on the interaction with the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), we determined the effect of CPVT-associated variants N53I and A102V on the structural characteristics of CaM and on Ca2+ fluxes in live cells. We provide novel data showing that interaction of both Ca2+/CaM-N53I and Ca2+/CaM-A102V with the RyR2 binding domain is decreased. Ca2+/CaM-RyR23583-3603 high-resolution crystal structures highlight subtle conformational changes for the N53I variant, with A102V being similar to wild type (WT). We show that co-expression of CaM-N53I or CaM-A102V with RyR2 in HEK293 cells significantly increased the duration of Ca2+ events; CaM-A102V exhibited a lower frequency of Ca2+ oscillations. In addition, we show that CaMKIIδ (also known as CAMK2D) phosphorylation activity is increased for A102V, compared to CaM-WT. This paper provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of CPVT-associated CaM variants and will facilitate the development of strategies for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohm Prakash
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Department of Cardiovascular Science and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Marie Held
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Department of Cardiovascular Science and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Liam F. McCormick
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Department of Cardiovascular Science and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Nitika Gupta
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Lu-Yun Lian
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Centre for Structural Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Svetlana Antonyuk
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Lee P. Haynes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - N. Lowri Thomas
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Redwood Building, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Nordine Helassa
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Department of Cardiovascular Science and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK,Author for correspondence ()
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30
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Khamtorn P, Peigneur S, Amorim FG, Quinton L, Tytgat J, Daduang S. De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of the Venom of Latrodectus geometricus with the Discovery of an Insect-Selective Na Channel Modulator. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010047. [PMID: 35011282 PMCID: PMC8746590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown widow spider, Latrodectus geometricus, is a predator of a variety of agricultural insects and is also hazardous for humans. Its venom is a true pharmacopeia representing neurotoxic peptides targeting the ion channels and/or receptors of both vertebrates and invertebrates. The lack of transcriptomic information, however, limits our knowledge of the diversity of components present in its venom. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) carry out a transcriptomic analysis of the venom, and (2) investigate the bioactivity of the venom using an electrophysiological bioassay. From 32,505 assembled transcripts, 8 toxin families were classified, and the ankyrin repeats (ANK), agatoxin, centipede toxin, ctenitoxin, lycotoxin, scorpion toxin-like, and SCP families were reported in the L. geometricus venom gland. The diversity of L. geometricus venom was also uncovered by the transcriptomics approach with the presence of defensins, chitinases, translationally controlled tumor proteins (TCTPs), leucine-rich proteins, serine proteases, and other important venom components. The venom was also chromatographically purified, and the activity contained in the fractions was investigated using an electrophysiological bioassay with the use of a voltage clamp on ion channels in order to find if the neurotoxic effects of the spider venom could be linked to a particular molecular target. The findings show that U24-ctenitoxin-Pn1a involves the inhibition of the insect sodium (Nav) channels, BgNav and DmNav. This study provides an overview of the molecular diversity of L. geometricus venom, which can be used as a reference for the venom of other spider species. The venom composition profile also increases our knowledge for the development of novel insecticides targeting voltage-gated sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornsawan Khamtorn
- Program in Research and Development in Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Campus Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.P.); (J.T.)
| | - Fernanda Gobbi Amorim
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, MolSys Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (F.G.A.); (L.Q.)
| | - Loïc Quinton
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, MolSys Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (F.G.A.); (L.Q.)
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Campus Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.P.); (J.T.)
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products (CDR-HHP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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31
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Ren W, Li Y, Chen X, Hu S, Cheng W, Cao Y, Gao J, Chen X, Xiong D, Li H, Wang P. RYR2 mutation in non-small cell lung cancer prolongs survival via down-regulation of DKK1 and up-regulation of GS1-115G20.1: A weighted gene Co-expression network analysis and risk prognostic models. IET Syst Biol 2021; 16:43-58. [PMID: 34877784 PMCID: PMC8965387 DOI: 10.1049/syb2.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RYR2 mutation is clinically frequent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with its function being elusive. We downloaded lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma samples from the TCGA database, split the samples into RYR2 mutant group (n = 337) and RYR2 wild group (n = 634), and established Kaplan-Meier curves. The results showed that RYR2 mutant group lived longer than the wild group (p = 0.027). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) yielded prognosis-related genes. Five mRNAs and 10 lncRNAs were selected to build survival prognostic models with other clinical features. The AUCs of 2 models are 0.622 and 0.565 for predicting survival at 3 years. Among these genes, the AUCs of DKK1 and GS1-115G20.1 expression levels were 0.607 and 0.560, respectively, which predicted the 3-year survival rate of NSCLC sufferers. GSEA identified an association of high DKK1 expression with TP53, MTOR, and VEGF expression. Several target miRNAs interacting with GS1-115G20.1 were observed to show the relationship with the phenotype, treatment, and survival of NSCLC. NSCLC patients with RYR2 mutation may obtain better prognosis by down-regulating DKK1 and up-regulating GS1-115G20.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yongwu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,First Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Second Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wanli Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jingcheng Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Da Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Hongrong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Chen Y, Wang X, Zhai H, Zhang Y, Huang J. Identification of Potential Human Ryanodine Receptor 1 Agonists and Molecular Mechanisms of Natural Small-Molecule Phenols as Anxiolytics. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29940-29954. [PMID: 34778666 PMCID: PMC8582060 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural small-molecule phenols (NSMPs) possess certain ubiquitous bioactivities including the anxiolytic effect. Ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) may be one of the potentially critical pharmacological targets for studying the anxiolytic activity of NSMPs. However, detailed molecular mechanisms of NSMPs have not been fully clarified. This research was intended to identify potent hRyR1 agonists from NSMPs and investigate whether RyR1 plays a role in their anxiolytic effect. Homology modeling and molecular docking analysis were performed using Accelrys Discovery Studio 2.5. The most appropriate concentrations of NSMPs to activate RyR1 were measured using the MTT assay. Fluorescence analyses of the intracellular calcium levels and western blotting analysis were carried out to validate whether NSMPs could regulate the calcium flux to some extent by activating RyR1. The results demonstrated that xanthotoxol and 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione can be screened as hit compounds for potential agonists of hRyR1 to exert the anxiolytic effect. In conclusion, NSMPs might be a kind of pharmacological signal carrier, acting on RyR1 as an agonist and resulting in calcium ion mobilization from intracellular calcium ion store.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Chen
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University
of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University
of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Haifeng Zhai
- National
Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38#, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University
of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jianmei Huang
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University
of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
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Myocardial and Arrhythmic Spectrum of Neuromuscular Disorders in Children. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111578. [PMID: 34827576 PMCID: PMC8615674 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are highly heterogenous from both an etiological and clinical point of view. Their signs and symptoms are often multisystemic, with frequent cardiac involvement. In fact, childhood onset forms can predispose a person to various progressive cardiac abnormalities including cardiomyopathies (CMPs), valvulopathies, atrioventricular conduction defects (AVCD), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and ventricular arrhythmias (VA). In this review, we selected and described five specific NMDs: Friedreich’s Ataxia (FRDA), congenital and childhood forms of Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1), Kearns Sayre Syndrome (KSS), Ryanodine receptor type 1-related myopathies (RYR1-RM) and Laminopathies. These changes are widely investigated in adults but less researched in children. We focused on these specific topics due their relative frequency and their potential unexpected cardiac manifestations in children. Moreover these conditions present different inheritance patterns and mechanisms of action. We decided not to discuss Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies due to extensive work regarding the cardiac aspects in children. For each described NMD, we focused on the possible cardiac manifestations such as different types of CMPs (dilated-DCM, hypertrophic-HCM, restrictive-RCM or left ventricular non compaction-LVNC), structural heart abnormalities (including valvulopathies), and progressive heart rhythm changes (AVCD, SVT, VA). We describe the current management strategies for these conditions. We underline the importance, especially for children, of a serial multidisciplinary personalized approach and the need for periodic surveillance by a dedicated heart team. This is largely due to the fact that in children, the diagnosis of certain NMDs might be overlooked and the cardiac aspect can provide signs of their presence even prior to overt neurological diagnosis.
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Gómez-Oca R, Cowling BS, Laporte J. Common Pathogenic Mechanisms in Centronuclear and Myotubular Myopathies and Latest Treatment Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11377. [PMID: 34768808 PMCID: PMC8583656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Centronuclear myopathies (CNM) are rare congenital disorders characterized by muscle weakness and structural defects including fiber hypotrophy and organelle mispositioning. The main CNM forms are caused by mutations in: the MTM1 gene encoding the phosphoinositide phosphatase myotubularin (myotubular myopathy), the DNM2 gene encoding the mechanoenzyme dynamin 2, the BIN1 gene encoding the membrane curvature sensing amphiphysin 2, and the RYR1 gene encoding the skeletal muscle calcium release channel/ryanodine receptor. MTM1, BIN1, and DNM2 proteins are involved in membrane remodeling and trafficking, while RyR1 directly regulates excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). Several CNM animal models have been generated or identified, which confirm shared pathological anomalies in T-tubule remodeling, ECC, organelle mispositioning, protein homeostasis, neuromuscular junction, and muscle regeneration. Dynamin 2 plays a crucial role in CNM physiopathology and has been validated as a common therapeutic target for three CNM forms. Indeed, the promising results in preclinical models set up the basis for ongoing clinical trials. Another two clinical trials to treat myotubular myopathy by MTM1 gene therapy or tamoxifen repurposing are also ongoing. Here, we review the contribution of the different CNM models to understanding physiopathology and therapy development with a focus on the commonly dysregulated pathways and current therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gómez-Oca
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
- Dynacure, 67400 Illkirch, France;
| | | | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), 67400 Illkirch, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104, 67400 Illkirch, France
- Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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Rasmussen M, Jin JP. Troponin Variants as Markers of Skeletal Muscle Health and Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:747214. [PMID: 34733179 PMCID: PMC8559874 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.747214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2 +-regulated contractility is a key determinant of the quality of muscles. The sarcomeric myofilament proteins are essential players in the contraction of striated muscles. The troponin complex in the actin thin filaments plays a central role in the Ca2+-regulation of muscle contraction and relaxation. Among the three subunits of troponin, the Ca2+-binding subunit troponin C (TnC) is a member of the calmodulin super family whereas troponin I (TnI, the inhibitory subunit) and troponin T (TnT, the tropomyosin-binding and thin filament anchoring subunit) are striated muscle-specific regulatory proteins. Muscle type-specific isoforms of troponin subunits are expressed in fast and slow twitch fibers and are regulated during development and aging, and in adaptation to exercise or disuse. TnT also evolved with various alternative splice forms as an added capacity of muscle functional diversity. Mutations of troponin subunits cause myopathies. Owing to their physiological and pathological importance, troponin variants can be used as specific markers to define muscle quality. In this focused review, we will explore the use of troponin variants as markers for the fiber contents, developmental and differentiation states, contractile functions, and physiological or pathophysiological adaptations of skeletal muscle. As protein structure defines function, profile of troponin variants illustrates how changes at the myofilament level confer functional qualities at the fiber level. Moreover, understanding of the role of troponin modifications and mutants in determining muscle contractility in age-related decline of muscle function and in myopathies informs an approach to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rasmussen
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jian-Ping Jin
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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36
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Fischesser DM, Bo B, Benton RP, Su H, Jahanpanah N, Haworth KJ. Controlling Reperfusion Injury With Controlled Reperfusion: Historical Perspectives and New Paradigms. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:504-523. [PMID: 34534022 DOI: 10.1177/10742484211046674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac reperfusion injury is a well-established outcome following treatment of acute myocardial infarction and other types of ischemic heart conditions. Numerous cardioprotection protocols and therapies have been pursued with success in pre-clinical models. Unfortunately, there has been lack of successful large-scale clinical translation, perhaps in part due to the multiple pathways that reperfusion can contribute to cell death. The search continues for new cardioprotection protocols based on what has been learned from past results. One class of cardioprotection protocols that remain under active investigation is that of controlled reperfusion. This class consists of those approaches that modify, in a controlled manner, the content of the reperfusate or the mechanical properties of the reperfusate (e.g., pressure and flow). This review article first provides a basic overview of the primary pathways to cell death that have the potential to be addressed by various forms of controlled reperfusion, including no-reflow phenomenon, ion imbalances (particularly calcium overload), and oxidative stress. Descriptions of various controlled reperfusion approaches are described, along with summaries of both mechanistic and outcome-oriented studies at the pre-clinical and clinical phases. This review will constrain itself to approaches that modify endogenously-occurring blood components. These approaches include ischemic postconditioning, gentle reperfusion, controlled hypoxic reperfusion, controlled hyperoxic reperfusion, controlled acidotic reperfusion, and controlled ionic reperfusion. This review concludes with a discussion of the limitations of past approaches and how they point to potential directions of investigation for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetria M Fischesser
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bin Bo
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rachel P Benton
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Haili Su
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Newsha Jahanpanah
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kevin J Haworth
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, 2514University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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37
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Guidarelli A, Catalani A, Spina A, Varone E, Fumagalli S, Zito E, Fiorani M, Cantoni O. Functional organization of the endoplasmic reticulum dictates the susceptibility of target cells to arsenite-induced mitochondrial superoxide formation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112523. [PMID: 34453993 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite induces many critical effects associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through different mechanisms. We focused on Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial superoxide (mitoO2-.) formation and addressed questions on the effects of low concentrations of arsenite on the mobilization of the cation from the endoplasmic reticulum and the resulting mitochondrial accumulation. Using various differentiated and undifferentiated cell types uniquely expressing the inositol-1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R), or both the IP3R and the ryanodine receptor (RyR), we determined that expression of this second Ca2+ channel is an absolute requirement for mitoO2-. formation and for the ensuing mitochondrial dysfunction and downstream apoptosis. In arsenite-treated cells, RyR was recruited after IP3R stimulation and agonist studies provided an indirect indication for a close apposition between RyR and mitochondria. It was also interesting to observe that arsenite fails to promote mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation, mitoO2-. formation and mitochondrial toxicity in RyR-devoid cells, in which the IP3R is in close contact with the mitochondria. We therefore conclude that low dose arsenite-induced mitoO2- formation, and the resulting mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity, are prerequisite of cell types expressing the RyR in close apposition with mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guidarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessia Catalani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Spina
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Ersilia Varone
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ester Zito
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Fiorani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Orazio Cantoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
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38
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Han Y, Yuan M, Guo YS, Shen XY, Gao ZK, Bi X. Mechanism of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cerebral Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:704334. [PMID: 34408630 PMCID: PMC8365026 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.704334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main organelle for protein synthesis, trafficking and maintaining intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The stress response of ER results from the disruption of ER homeostasis in neurological disorders. Among these disorders, cerebral ischemia is a prevalent reason of death and disability in the world. ER stress stemed from ischemic injury initiates unfolded protein response (UPR) regarded as a protection mechanism. Important, disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis resulted from cytosolic Ca2+ overload and depletion of Ca2+ in the lumen of the ER could be a trigger of ER stress and the misfolded protein synthesis. Brain cells including neurons, glial cells and endothelial cells are involved in the complex pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. This is generally important for protein underfolding, but even more for cytosolic Ca2+ overload. Mild ER stress promotes cells to break away from danger signals and enter the adaptive procedure with the activation of pro-survival mechanism to rescue ischemic injury, while chronic ER stress generally serves as a detrimental role on nerve cells via triggering diverse pro-apoptotic mechanism. What’s more, the determination of some proteins in UPR during cerebral ischemia to cell fate may have two diametrically opposed results which involves in a specialized set of inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways. A reasonable understanding and exploration of the underlying molecular mechanism related to ER stress and cerebral ischemia is a prerequisite for a major breakthrough in stroke treatment in the future. This review focuses on recent findings of the ER stress as well as the progress research of mechanism in ischemic stroke prognosis provide a new treatment idea for recovery of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Sha Guo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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39
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Rufenach B, Van Petegem F. Structure and function of STAC proteins: Calcium channel modulators and critical components of muscle excitation-contraction coupling. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100874. [PMID: 34129875 PMCID: PMC8258685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle tissue, an intriguing mechanical coupling exists between two ion channels from different membranes: the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV1.1), located in the plasma membrane, and ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. Excitable cells rely on Cavs to initiate Ca2+ entry in response to action potentials. RyRs can amplify this signal by releasing Ca2+ from internal stores. Although this process can be mediated through Ca2+ as a messenger, an overwhelming amount of evidence suggests that RyR1 has recruited CaV1.1 directly as its voltage sensor. The exact mechanisms that underlie this coupling have been enigmatic, but a recent wave of reports have illuminated the coupling protein STAC3 as a critical player. Without STAC3, the mechanical coupling between Cav1.1 and RyR1 is lost, and muscles fail to contract. Various sequence variants of this protein have been linked to congenital myopathy. Other STAC isoforms are expressed in the brain and may serve as regulators of L-type CaVs. Despite the short length of STACs, several points of contacts have been proposed between them and CaVs. However, it is currently unclear whether STAC3 also forms direct interactions with RyR1, and whether this modulates RyR1 function. In this review, we discuss the 3D architecture of STAC proteins, the biochemical evidence for their interactions, the relevance of these connections for functional modulation, and their involvement in myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britany Rufenach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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40
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Guo W, Wei J, Estillore JP, Zhang L, Wang R, Sun B, Chen SRW. RyR2 disease mutations at the C-terminal domain intersubunit interface alter closed-state stability and channel activation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100808. [PMID: 34022226 PMCID: PMC8214192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are ion channels that mediate the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum/endoplasmic reticulum, mutations of which are implicated in a number of human diseases. The adjacent C-terminal domains (CTDs) of cardiac RyR (RyR2) interact with each other to form a ring-like tetrameric structure with the intersubunit interface undergoing dynamic changes during channel gating. This mobile CTD intersubunit interface harbors many disease-associated mutations. However, the mechanisms of action of these mutations and the role of CTD in channel function are not well understood. Here, we assessed the impact of CTD disease-associated mutations P4902S, P4902L, E4950K, and G4955E on Ca2+− and caffeine-mediated activation of RyR2. The G4955E mutation dramatically increased both the Ca2+-independent basal activity and Ca2+-dependent activation of [3H]ryanodine binding to RyR2. The P4902S and E4950K mutations also increased Ca2+ activation but had no effect on the basal activity of RyR2. All four disease mutations increased caffeine-mediated activation of RyR2 and reduced the threshold for activation and termination of spontaneous Ca2+ release. G4955D dramatically increased the basal activity of RyR2, whereas G4955K mutation markedly suppressed channel activity. Similarly, substitution of P4902 with a negatively charged residue (P4902D), but not a positively charged residue (P4902K), also dramatically increased the basal activity of RyR2. These data suggest that electrostatic interactions are involved in stabilizing the CTD intersubunit interface and that the G4955E disease mutation disrupts this interface, and thus the stability of the closed state. Our studies shed new insights into the mechanisms of action of RyR2 CTD disease mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Guo
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jinhong Wei
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John Paul Estillore
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lin Zhang
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruiwu Wang
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bo Sun
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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41
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Lipkin AM, Cunniff MM, Spratt PWE, Lemke SM, Bender KJ. Functional Microstructure of Ca V-Mediated Calcium Signaling in the Axon Initial Segment. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3764-3776. [PMID: 33731449 PMCID: PMC8084313 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2843-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized neuronal compartment in which synaptic input is converted into action potential (AP) output. This process is supported by a diverse complement of sodium, potassium, and calcium channels (CaV). Different classes of sodium and potassium channels are scaffolded at specific sites within the AIS, conferring unique functions, but how calcium channels are functionally distributed within the AIS is unclear. Here, we use conventional two-photon laser scanning and diffraction-limited, high-speed spot two-photon imaging to resolve AP-evoked calcium dynamics in the AIS with high spatiotemporal resolution. In mouse layer 5 prefrontal pyramidal neurons, calcium influx was mediated by a mix of CaV2 and CaV3 channels that differentially localized to discrete regions. CaV3 functionally localized to produce nanodomain hotspots of calcium influx that coupled to ryanodine-sensitive stores, whereas CaV2 localized to non-hotspot regions. Thus, different pools of CaVs appear to play distinct roles in AIS function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The axon initial segment (AIS) is the site where synaptic input is transformed into action potential (AP) output. It achieves this function through a diverse complement of sodium, potassium, and calcium channels (CaV). While the localization and function of sodium channels and potassium channels at the AIS is well described, less is known about the functional distribution of CaVs. We used high-speed two-photon imaging to understand activity-dependent calcium dynamics in the AIS of mouse neocortical pyramidal neurons. Surprisingly, we found that calcium influx occurred in two distinct domains: CaV3 generates hotspot regions of calcium influx coupled to calcium stores, whereas CaV2 channels underlie diffuse calcium influx between hotspots. Therefore, different CaV classes localize to distinct AIS subdomains, possibly regulating distinct cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Lipkin
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Margaret M Cunniff
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Perry W E Spratt
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Stefan M Lemke
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Kevin J Bender
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Neurology, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
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42
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CD38 and MGluR1 as possible signaling molecules involved in epileptogenesis: A potential role for NAD + homeostasis. Brain Res 2021; 1765:147509. [PMID: 33930374 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In spite of long-term intensive scientific research efforts, there are still many issues concerning the mechanisms of epileptogenesis and epilepsy to be resolved. Temporal lobe, in particular hippocampus, is vulnerable to epileptogenic process. Herein, electrical kindling model of temporal lobe were analyzed using proteomic approach. A dramatic decrease in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level was exhibited during the kindling procedure in hippocampus. After stage 3, high CD38 expression was detected by qPCR, nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) and western blot analysis. An increase in expression of CD38/NADase activity was observed during the kindling procedure in hippocampus that suggest it as one of the most important NAD+ degrading enzymes during epileptogenesis. Subsequently, gene expression of CD38 metabolite related proteins (Ryr2, FKBP-12.6, Chrm1, mGluR1 and Cnx43) were examined. Among them, changes in the expression level of mGluR1 was more than other genes, which was also confirmed by LC MS/MS and western blotting analysis. These findings provided valuable information about changes in the expression of CD38/cADPR signaling pathway and suggest its crucial role during epileptogenesis.
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43
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Abstract
Introduction: Many drugs are known to induce malignant syndromes. The most common malignant syndromes are induced by the use of antipsychotics and anesthetics and the withdrawal of anti-Parkinson drugs. As the clinical manifestations of antipsychotic malignant syndrome, Parkinson's disease hyperpyrexia syndrome and anesthetic-induced malignant syndrome are very similar, they are easily confused in the clinic.Areas covered: We reviewed articles published between 1960 and April 2021 describing malignant syndromes. This paper provides a detailed literature review of malignant syndromes and important guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant syndromes to clinicians.Expert opinion: Although malignant syndromes are rare conditions with a low incidence, these conditions usually progress rapidly and can endanger patients' lives, meriting attention from clinicians. The typical clinical manifestations of malignant syndromes are hyperpyrexia, muscular rigidity, an altered mental status and increased levels of creatine kinase; however, the pathophysiology, treatment and prognosis of different malignant syndromes are quite different. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may significantly improve the prognosis of patients with malignant syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Tao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiyuan Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
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Single-cell brain atlas of Parkinson's disease mouse model. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:277-288. [PMID: 34052184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, leading to the impairment of movement execution. PD pathogenesis has been largely investigated, either limited to bulk transcriptomic levels or at certain cell types, which failed to capture the cellular heterogeneity and intrinsic interplays among distinct cell types. Here, we report the application of single-nucleus RNA-seq on midbrain, striatum, and cerebellum of the α-syn-A53T mouse, a well-established PD mouse model, and matched controls, generating the first single cell transcriptomic atlas for the PD model mouse brain composed of 46,174 individual cells. Additionally, we comprehensively depicte the dysfunctions in PD pathology, covering the elevation of NF-κB activity, the alteration of ion channel components, the perturbation of protein homeostasis network, and the dysregulation of glutamatergic signaling. Notably, we identify a variety of cell types closely associated with PD risk genes. Taken together, our study provides valuable resources to systematically dissect the molecular mechanism of PD pathogenesis at the single-cell resolution, which facilitates the development of novel approaches for diagnosis and therapies against PD.
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Pathological conformations of disease mutant Ryanodine Receptors revealed by cryo-EM. Nat Commun 2021; 12:807. [PMID: 33547325 PMCID: PMC7864917 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryanodine Receptors (RyRs) are massive channels that release Ca2+ from the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Hundreds of mutations are linked to malignant hyperthermia (MH), myopathies, and arrhythmias. Here, we explore the first MH mutation identified in humans by providing cryo-EM snapshots of the pig homolog, R615C, showing that it affects an interface between three solenoid regions. We also show the impact of apo-calmodulin (apoCaM) and how it can induce opening by bending of the bridging solenoid, mediated by its N-terminal lobe. For R615C RyR1, apoCaM binding abolishes a pathological ‘intermediate’ conformation, distributing the population to a mixture of open and closed channels, both different from the structure without apoCaM. Comparisons show that the mutation primarily affects the closed state, inducing partial movements linked to channel activation. This shows that disease mutations can cause distinct pathological conformations of the RyR and facilitate channel opening by disrupting interactions between different solenoid regions. Ryanodine Receptors (RyRs) release Ca2+ from the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mutations in RyR are linked to malignant hyperthermia (MH), myopathies, and arrhythmias. Here, a collection of cryoEM structures provides insights into the molecular consequences of MHrelated RyR mutation R615C, and how apoCaM opens RyR1.
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Saxena R, Saribas S, Jadiya P, Tomar D, Kaminski R, Elrod JW, Safak M. Human neurotropic polyomavirus, JC virus, agnoprotein targets mitochondrion and modulates its functions. Virology 2021; 553:135-153. [PMID: 33278736 PMCID: PMC7847276 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
JC virus encodes an important regulatory protein, known as Agnoprotein (Agno). We have recently reported Agno's first protein-interactome with its cellular partners revealing that it targets various cellular networks and organelles, including mitochondria. Here, we report further characterization of the functional consequences of its mitochondrial targeting and demonstrated its co-localization with the mitochondrial networks and with the mitochondrial outer membrane. The mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of Agno and its dimerization domain together play major roles in this targeting. Data also showed alterations in various mitochondrial functions in Agno-positive cells; including a significant reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, respiration rates and ATP production. In contrast, a substantial increase in ROS production and Ca2+ uptake by the mitochondria were also observed. Finally, findings also revealed a significant decrease in viral replication when Agno MTS was deleted, highlighting a role for MTS in the function of Agno during the viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshu Saxena
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, MERB-757, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Sami Saribas
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, MERB-757, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, USA
| | - Rafal Kaminski
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, MERB-757, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, USA
| | - Mahmut Safak
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, MERB-757, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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The Cycling of Intracellular Calcium Released in Response to Fluid Shear Stress Is Critical for Migration-Associated Actin Reorganization in Eosinophils. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010157. [PMID: 33467432 PMCID: PMC7829934 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of eosinophil mobilization into respiratory tissues drives the severity of inflammation in several airway diseases. In classical models of leukocyte extravasation, surface integrins undergo conformational switches to high-affinity states via chemokine binding activation. Recently, we learned that eosinophil integrins possess mechanosensitive properties that detect fluid shear stress, which alone was sufficient to induce activation. This mechanical stimulus triggered intracellular calcium release and hallmark migration-associated cytoskeletal reorganization including flattening for increased cell–substratum contact area and pseudopodia formation. The present study utilized confocal fluorescence microscopy to investigate the effects of pharmacological inhibitors to calcium signaling and actin polymerization pathways on shear stress-induced migration in vitro. Morphological changes (cell elongation, membrane protrusions) succeeded the calcium flux in untreated eosinophils within 2 min, suggesting that calcium signaling was upstream of actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. The inhibition of ryanodine receptors and endomembrane Ca2+-ATPases corroborated this idea, indicated by a significant increase in time between the calcium spike and actin polymerization. The impact of the temporal link is evident as the capacity of treated eosinophils to move across fibronectin-coated surfaces was significantly hampered relative to untreated eosinophils. Furthermore, we determined that the nature of cellular motility in response to fluid shear stress was nondirectional.
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Gowen BH, Reyes MV, Joseph LC, Morrow JP. Mechanisms of Chronic Metabolic Stress in Arrhythmias. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101012. [PMID: 33086602 PMCID: PMC7603089 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are responsible for many cardiovascular disease-related deaths worldwide. While arrhythmia pathogenesis is complex, there is increasing evidence for metabolic causes. Obesity, diabetes, and chronically consuming high-fat foods significantly increase the likelihood of developing arrhythmias. Although these correlations are well established, mechanistic explanations connecting a high-fat diet (HFD) to arrhythmogenesis are incomplete, although oxidative stress appears to be critical. This review investigates the metabolic changes that occur in obesity and after HFD. Potential therapies to prevent or treat arrhythmias are discussed, including antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John P. Morrow
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-305-5553; Fax: +1-212-305-4648
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Marques F, Thapliyal S, Javer A, Shrestha P, Brown AEX, Glauser DA. Tissue-specific isoforms of the single C. elegans Ryanodine receptor gene unc-68 control specific functions. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009102. [PMID: 33104696 PMCID: PMC7644089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyR) are essential regulators of cellular calcium homeostasis and signaling. Vertebrate genomes contain multiple RyR gene isoforms, expressed in different tissues and executing different functions. In contrast, invertebrate genomes contain a single RyR-encoding gene and it has long been proposed that different transcripts generated by alternative splicing may diversify their functions. Here, we analyze the expression and function of alternative exons in the C. elegans RyR gene unc-68. We show that specific isoform subsets are created via alternative promoters and via alternative splicing in unc-68 Divergent Region 2 (DR2), which actually corresponds to a region of high sequence variability across vertebrate isoforms. The expression of specific unc-68 alternative exons is enriched in different tissues, such as in body wall muscle, neurons and pharyngeal muscle. In order to infer the function of specific alternative promoters and alternative exons of unc-68, we selectively deleted them by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. We evaluated pharyngeal function, as well as locomotor function in swimming and crawling with high-content computer-assisted postural and behavioral analysis. Our data provide a comprehensive map of the pleiotropic impact of isoform-specific mutations and highlight that tissue-specific unc-68 isoforms fulfill distinct functions. As a whole, our work clarifies how the C. elegans single RyR gene unc-68 can fulfill multiple tasks through tissue-specific isoforms, and provide a solid foundation to further develop C. elegans as a model to study RyR channel functions and malfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Marques
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Saurabh Thapliyal
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Avelino Javer
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Shrestha
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - André E. X. Brown
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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