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Drouka A, Brikou D, Causeret C, Al Ali Al Malla N, Sibalo S, Ávila C, Alcat G, Kapetanakou AE, Gurviez P, Fellah-Dehiri N, Masson M, Kontogianni MD, Yannakoulia M. Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions in Europe for Promoting Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1676. [PMID: 37892339 PMCID: PMC10605522 DOI: 10.3390/children10101676 10.3390/儿童10101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this narrative review was to summarize existing literature on the effectiveness of school-based interventions, implemented in Europe, under the aim of promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors in children (6-10 years old). A search of PubMed, Scopus, EFSA and Google Scholar databases was performed for studies published from January 2016 to June 2022. Specific search terms and exclusion criteria were used. Based on the results, diet and physical activity interventions had favorable effects on a series of health outcomes, including anthropometric parameters, biomarkers, eating behavior and self-efficacy. Diet-only interventions had a positive impact specifically on eating habits, mostly on water consumption. Most successful interventions lasted for 1 school year, and they were characterized by parental involvement and teachers' training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontoula Drouka
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Dora Brikou
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
| | | | | | | | - Concha Ávila
- Federación Española de Industrias de Alimentación y Bebidas, 28001 Madrid, Spain; (C.Á.); (G.A.)
| | - Gabriela Alcat
- Federación Española de Industrias de Alimentación y Bebidas, 28001 Madrid, Spain; (C.Á.); (G.A.)
| | | | - Patricia Gurviez
- Agroparistech, INRAE, Paris-Saclay University, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (P.G.); (N.F.-D.); (M.M.)
| | - Nawel Fellah-Dehiri
- Agroparistech, INRAE, Paris-Saclay University, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (P.G.); (N.F.-D.); (M.M.)
| | - Marine Masson
- Agroparistech, INRAE, Paris-Saclay University, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (P.G.); (N.F.-D.); (M.M.)
| | - Meropi D. Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
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Drouka A, Brikou D, Causeret C, Al Ali Al Malla N, Sibalo S, Ávila C, Alcat G, Kapetanakou AE, Gurviez P, Fellah-Dehiri N, Masson M, Kontogianni MD, Yannakoulia M. Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions in Europe for Promoting Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1676. [PMID: 37892339 PMCID: PMC10605522 DOI: 10.3390/children10101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this narrative review was to summarize existing literature on the effectiveness of school-based interventions, implemented in Europe, under the aim of promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors in children (6-10 years old). A search of PubMed, Scopus, EFSA and Google Scholar databases was performed for studies published from January 2016 to June 2022. Specific search terms and exclusion criteria were used. Based on the results, diet and physical activity interventions had favorable effects on a series of health outcomes, including anthropometric parameters, biomarkers, eating behavior and self-efficacy. Diet-only interventions had a positive impact specifically on eating habits, mostly on water consumption. Most successful interventions lasted for 1 school year, and they were characterized by parental involvement and teachers' training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontoula Drouka
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Dora Brikou
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
| | | | | | | | - Concha Ávila
- Federación Española de Industrias de Alimentación y Bebidas, 28001 Madrid, Spain; (C.Á.); (G.A.)
| | - Gabriela Alcat
- Federación Española de Industrias de Alimentación y Bebidas, 28001 Madrid, Spain; (C.Á.); (G.A.)
| | | | - Patricia Gurviez
- Agroparistech, INRAE, Paris-Saclay University, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (P.G.); (N.F.-D.); (M.M.)
| | - Nawel Fellah-Dehiri
- Agroparistech, INRAE, Paris-Saclay University, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (P.G.); (N.F.-D.); (M.M.)
| | - Marine Masson
- Agroparistech, INRAE, Paris-Saclay University, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (P.G.); (N.F.-D.); (M.M.)
| | - Meropi D. Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece; (A.D.); (D.B.); (M.D.K.)
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Kotnik KZ, Seljak BK, Gregorič M, Jurak G, Golja P. Questionable advisability of vitamin and mineral dietary supplement use in adolescents. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:110. [PMID: 37770942 PMCID: PMC10537492 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Present study aimed to assess potential health risk in Slovenian adolescents due to inadequate diet and/or dietary supplement (DS) use. METHODS Data on DS use, micronutrient intake (24-h recall), eating habits (FFQ), body height and mass were collected within ACDSi (Analysis of Children's Development in Slovenia) cross-sectional study conducted in 2014. Adolescents enrolled in first year of 15 secondary schools (average (SD) age: 15.4 (0.7) years, N = 342) were included in the sample. RESULTS Adolescents' use of DS (especially multivitamins ingested as a popular drink (60%), magnesium (16%), and vitamin C (10%)) significantly contributed to their absolute intake of vitamins/minerals, resulting in higher percentage of DS users meeting reference values proposed by the nutrition societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (D-A-CH recommendation). Simultaneously, DS users did not exceed the upper tolerable level proposed by the European Food Safety Authority for daily intake. With diet alone, adolescents consumed less than recommended amounts of the following vitamins/minerals: the intake was lowest for fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E; water-soluble vitamins folate, biotin, and pantothenic acid; and minerals fluoride, iodine, chromium, and molybdenum. Suboptimal intake was due to the fact that around ¾ of adolescents consumed less than 54% of the recommended amounts (according to Optimized Mixed Diet (OMD) recommendations) for fruits, vegetables, milk/dairy products, fish, and cereals/cereal products. In contrast, the diet contributed to the consumption of 200-300% of D-A-CH minimum value for sodium. Furthermore, almost ¾ of adolescents exceeded the recommended amount for meat/meat products (320% of OMD) and sweet/salty snacks (453% of OMD). CONCLUSIONS Although DS use improved micronutrient intake in adolescents (especially vitamin C and magnesium), activities on public-health interventions should be focus to improve their diets, especially to achieve increased intakes of fruits, vegetables, cereals/cereal products and milk/dairy products, and to reduce consumption of sweet/salty snacks and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Zdešar Kotnik
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI-1000 Slovenia
| | | | - Matej Gregorič
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Golja
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI-1000 Slovenia
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Raphadu TT, Matshipi M, Mphekgwana PM, Monyeki KD. Assessing the Association of Sodium, Potassium Intake and Sodium/Potassium Ratio on Blood Pressure and Central Adiposity Measurements amongst Ellisras Undernourished, Rural Children Aged 5–13 Years: South Africa. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9030422. [PMID: 35327794 PMCID: PMC8947557 DOI: 10.3390/children9030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have shown how diet, such as sodium (Na) and potassium (K) intake, is an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to assess the relationship between sodium intake, potassium intake; and sodium/potassium ratio with blood pressure (BP) and abdominal obesity amongst Ellisras rural children. Method: In this cross-sectional study, data on dietary intake of sodium and potassium were collected using a 24-h recall questionnaire from a total of 765 participants, aged 5–13 years. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were also collected. Generalised linear models and Pearson correlation were conducted to assess the association of sodium intake, potassium intake; and their ratio with BP, waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Results: In both age groups, less than 14.9% of males and 19.8% of females consumed above the recommended adequate intake (AI) of sodium. In addition, both age groups had more than 90% of males and females who consumed below the recommended AI of potassium. Moreover, the sodium/potassium ratio was above the WHO recommended level in more than 30% of males and females. The study found a significant, weak positive correlation of sodium intake with systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and with WHtR. A significant, weak positive correlation was also found between sodium/potassium ratio and WHtR. In addition, a significant association was found between potassium intake and systolic BP. Conclusion: Although our study found a notable low average intake of sodium and potassium as compared to the recommended values. There was positive correlation found between sodium intake and BP. Furthermore, a positive correlation of sodium intake and sodium/potassium ratio with WHtR was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thato Tshepo Raphadu
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (T.T.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Moloko Matshipi
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (T.T.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Peter Modupi Mphekgwana
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa;
| | - Kotsedi Daniel Monyeki
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; (T.T.R.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-152682953
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An Investigation on Korean Adolescents' Dietary Consumption: Focused on Sociodemographic Characteristics, Physical Health, and Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189773. [PMID: 34574695 PMCID: PMC8466886 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The promotion of healthful dietary intake in adolescents is an important public health concern, as obesity is on the rise among adolescents. The current study aimed to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and dietary intake (breakfast, vegetables, milk, fruits, fast food, carbohydrate beverages, and caffeine beverages) and to examine the influences of physical and mental health on dietary intake. A nationally representative sample of 187,622 adolescents who attended middle and high schools and participated in the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2015, 2017, and 2019) was used. The results showed a decrease in breakfast, vegetable, milk, and fruit consumption and an increase in the obesity rate from 2015 to 2019. There was a significant association between dietary intake and gender, economic status, BMI, and academic achievement. Multiple logistic regression analysis results revealed that the consumption of breakfast, vegetables, milk, and fruit were associated with greater odds of having enough sleep. Fast food intake was shown to be a significant risk factor for depression with an odds ratio of 1.204 (95% CI = 1.169–1.239), and carbonated beverage consumption was shown to be a significant risk factor for stress with an odds ratio of 1.042 (95% CI = 1.030–1.054). These results provide fundamental data that can be used to develop an effective nutrition intervention program or nutrition policy for adolescents or school food service programs.
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Silva A, Fragoso M, Neto F, Bento C, Teles J. Relative Validity of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adolescents. PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1159/000510464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> A valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is a priority for epidemiological studies. We aimed to perform a relative validity of an FFQ for Portuguese adolescents. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A semi-quantitative Portuguese FFQ (SQ-PortFood-FQ) was developed and the relative validity performed using the multiple-pass 24-h recall. Eighty adolescents (aged 10–17 years) completed both questionnaires to measure energy intake, macro- and specific micronutrient intake. We used the following methods for the relative validity: (1) Spearman’s correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>); (2) cross-classification into the same third (agreement) and into the opposite third (disagreement); (3) weighted κ-coefficient (κ<sub>W</sub>); (4) and the Bland-Altman method. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We obtained acceptable correlation coefficients between questionnaires for energy (<i>r =</i>0.59;<i> p</i> < 0.001), protein (<i>r =</i>0.60;<i> p</i>< 0.001), fat (<i>r</i> = 0.55;<i> p</i> < 0.001), carbohydrates (<i>r =</i>0.51;<i> p</i> < 0.001) and sodium (<i>r =</i>0.51;<i> p</i> < 0.001). Tertile agreement for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates and vitamin C intakes classified correctly more than 50% and grossly misclassified less than 10% of participants. Energy and protein produced moderate agreement between methods with a κ<sub>W</sub> >0.40. The SQ-PortFood-FQ overestimated all analysed data when compared to the 24-h recall, although those estimations were <10% for energy, macronutrients and cholesterol. The 95% limits of agreement showed that all the variables (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, fibre, calcium, sodium, iron, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol) were within the desirable limits of agreement of 50–200%, with the exception of vitamin C (76–296%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (75–232%). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> The SQ-PortFood-FQ showed acceptable relative validity at the individual level for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, fibre, calcium, sodium, iron, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Non-significant relationships were found for vitamin C and PUFA. Our results are in line with previous studies carried out amongst adolescents. As far as we know this is the first FFQ validated for Portuguese adolescents.
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Mitsopoulou AV, Magriplis E, Dimakopoulos I, Karageorgou D, Bakogianni I, Micha R, Michas G, Chourdakis M, Ntouroupi T, Tsaniklidou SM, Argyri K, Panagiotakos DB, Zampelas A. Micronutrient intakes and their food sources among Greek children and adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:2314-2326. [PMID: 32308177 PMCID: PMC11374557 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001900449x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the usual dietary intake of twenty micronutrients and to identify their food sources in a representative sample of Greek children and adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional data from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS). Vitamin and mineral intakes were estimated from two 24 h dietary recalls by sex and age groups. Estimates were calculated using the National Research Council method and the statistical software package Stata13 to account for within- and between-person variations. The prevalence of nutrients' inadequacy among sample was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method. The contribution of food groups to nutrient intake was estimated to identify micronutrients food sources. SETTING Greece. PARTICIPANTS Children and adolescents aged 1-19 years (n 577) who provided sufficient and plausible 24-h recalls. RESULTS A substantial percentage of children and adolescents had insufficient intakes of numerous micronutrients. Usual intake of vitamins D, K and potassium was inadequate in practically all individuals. Vitamin A, folate, Ca and Mg were also insufficient to a considerable percentage, especially in girls aged 14-18 years. Pantothenic acid was highlighted as nutrient of interest since only one out of ten boys 9-13 years and girls 14-19 years had intake above the EAR. Data demonstrated that food groups highly ranked in energy contribution were not necessarily important sources of micronutrients. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that micronutrient density of Greek children and adolescents' diet should be improved. These findings might be used by public health policy-makers to help young people optimise their food choices in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuella Magriplis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Dimakopoulos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Karageorgou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Bakogianni
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55Athens, Greece
| | - Renata Micha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55Athens, Greece
| | - George Michas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 541 24Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Triantafyllia Ntouroupi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia-Maria Tsaniklidou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Argyri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Eleftheriou Venizelou 70, 176 76Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Zampelas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55Athens, Greece
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Antwi J, Ohemeng A, Boateng L, Quaidoo E, Bannerman B. Primary school-based nutrition education intervention on nutrition knowledge, attitude and practices among school-age children in Ghana. Glob Health Promot 2020; 27:114-122. [PMID: 32783498 DOI: 10.1177/1757975920945241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effect of a six-week nutrition education intervention on the nutrition knowledge, attitude, practices, and nutrition status of school-age children (aged 6-12 years) in basic schools in Ghana. Short-term effects of nutrition education training sessions on teachers and caregivers were also assessed. Pre-post controlled design was used to evaluate the program. Intervention groups had significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores (8.8 ± 2.0 vs. 5.9 ± 2.1, P < 0.0001) compared to controls in the lower primary level. A higher proportion of children in the intervention group strongly agreed they enjoyed learning about food and nutrition issues compared to the control group (88% vs. 77%, P = 0.031). There was no significant difference in dietary diversity scores (4.8 ± 2.0 vs. 5.1 ± 1.4, P = 0.184) or in measured anthropometric indices (3.6% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.08). A marginally lower proportion of stunted schoolchildren was observed among the intervention group compared to the control group (3.6% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.080). Nutrition knowledge of teachers and caregivers significantly improved (12.5 ± 1.87 vs. 9.2 ± 2.1; P = 0.031) and (5.86 ± 0.73 to 6.24 ± 1.02, P = 0.009), respectively. Nutrition education intervention could have positive impacts on knowledge and attitudes of school children, and may be crucial in the development of healthy behaviors for improved nutrition status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Antwi
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Human Ecology, Prairie View A&M University, USA
| | - Agartha Ohemeng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana
| | | | - Esi Quaidoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana
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Rippin HL, Hutchinson J, Greenwood DC, Jewell J, Breda JJ, Martin A, Rippin DM, Schindler K, Rust P, Fagt S, Matthiessen J, Nurk E, Nelis K, Kukk M, Tapanainen H, Valsta L, Heuer T, Sarkadi-Nagy E, Bakacs M, Tazhibayev S, Sharmanov T, Spiroski I, Beukers M, van Rossum C, Ocke M, Lindroos AK, Warensjö Lemming E, Cade JE. Inequalities in education and national income are associated with poorer diet: Pooled analysis of individual participant data across 12 European countries. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232447. [PMID: 32379781 PMCID: PMC7205203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition linked to noncommunicable diseases presents major health problems across Europe. The World Health Organisation encourages countries to conduct national dietary surveys to obtain data to inform public health policies designed to prevent noncommunicable diseases. Methods Data on 27334 participants aged 19-64y were harmonised and pooled across national dietary survey datasets from 12 countries across the WHO European Region. Weighted mean nutrient intakes were age-standardised using the Eurostat 2013 European Standard Population. Associations between country-level Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and key nutrients and nutrient densities were investigated using linear regression. The potential mitigating influence of participant-level educational status was explored. Findings Higher GDP was positively associated with total sugar intake (5·0% energy for each 10% increase in GDP, 95% CI 0·6, 9·3). Scandinavian countries had the highest vitamin D intakes. Participants with higher educational status had better nutritional intakes, particularly within lower GDP countries. A 10% higher GDP was associated with lower total fat intakes (-0·2% energy, 95% CI -0·3, -0·1) and higher daily total folate intakes (14μg, 95% CI 12, 16) in higher educated individuals. Interpretation Lower income countries and lower education groups had poorer diet, particularly for micronutrients. We demonstrate for the first time that higher educational status appeared to have a mitigating effect on poorer diet in lower income countries. It illustrates the feasibility and value of harmonising national dietary survey data to inform European policy regarding access to healthy diets, particularly in disadvantaged groups. It specifically highlights the need for strong policies supporting nutritional intakes, prioritising lower education groups and lower income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. L. Rippin
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group (NEG), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - J. Hutchinson
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group (NEG), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - D. C. Greenwood
- Clinical and Population Science Department, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - J. Jewell
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. J. Breda
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. Martin
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - D. M. Rippin
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, England, United Kingdom
| | - K. Schindler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P. Rust
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S. Fagt
- National Food Institute, Kemitorvet, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - E. Nurk
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K. Nelis
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - M. Kukk
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - H. Tapanainen
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Valsta
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. Heuer
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E. Sarkadi-Nagy
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition; Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. Bakacs
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition; Budapest, Hungary
| | - S. Tazhibayev
- Kazakh Academy of Nutrition, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - T. Sharmanov
- Kazakh Academy of Nutrition, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - I. Spiroski
- Institute of Public Health, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - M. Beukers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - C. van Rossum
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - M. Ocke
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A. K. Lindroos
- Livsmedelsverket Swedish National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - J. E. Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group (NEG), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
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10
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[Questionnaire for measuring risk eating behaviors for excess malnutrition in adolescents]. NUTR HOSP 2020; 37:37-45. [PMID: 31960684 DOI: 10.20960/nh.02666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: there are behavioral factors that predispose to the development of excess malnutrition, and which can be key to the promotion of healthy habits. The purpose of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire to identify risky eating behaviors in adolescents. Objective: to evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to measure risky eating behaviors related to excess malnutrition in adolescents in the province of Concepción, Chile. Materials and methods: quantitative psychometric research with correlational scope; non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The population was composed by adolescents aged 10 to 15 years in the province of Concepción, from different socio-economic levels. A total of 303 students, chosen by non-probabilistic sampling, responded to the Questionnaire on Alimentary Malnutrition Risk Behaviors, CARME. A subsample of 115 students also answered a body image questionnaire, and 80 were assessed anthropometrically. Exploratory factor analyses and correlation evaluations were performed. Results: four factors were identified for the CARME: response to food, feeding without control, consumption of highly caloric foods, and emotional feeding, with reliability between α = 0.64 and α = 0.87. Scores showed differences by sex, and relationships with perceived body image (p < 0.05), but not with nutritional status. Conclusions: the evidence supports the construct validity, reliability and criteria validity of CARME. The questionnaire would be appropriate to measure dietary risk behaviors for overweight and obesity in adolescents. However, no associations were found between nutritional status and questionnaire dimensions.
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Rippin HL, Hutchinson J, Jewell J, Breda JJ, Cade JE. Assessing diet in European populations using national dietary surveys. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-11. [PMID: 31969200 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665119001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The WHO encourages countries to conduct national dietary surveys (NDS) to inform preventative policies targeting malnutrition and noncommunicable diseases. Previous reviews have found inadequate nutrient intakes and survey provision across Europe. This research is the first to provide an updated review of NDS provision within the whole WHO European Region, across the lifecourse, with reference to disadvantaged groups, obesity and nutrients of concern. Over a third of WHO European countries, mainly Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC), had no identifiable NDS. Where countries reported nutrient intakes, poor WHO recommended nutrient intake attainment was Europe-wide across the lifecourse, particularly in CEEC. Lower educated individuals had poorer diet quality. However, heterogeneity in age group sampled, dietary assessment method, nutrient composition database and under-reporting hindered inter-country comparisons. Average population trans fatty acid intakes below WHO recommended limits may hide inequalities in disadvantaged groups; legislative bans may help alleviate this. There were few associations between NDS-derived consumed food portion size (FPS) and BMI. However, consumed FPS was greater than on-pack serving-size in the majority of foods studied. This review illustrates how NDS can generate information on diet, nutrient intakes and the food environment. However, to enable valid inter-country comparisons, countries should be encouraged to conduct and report harmonised NDS, particularly in the age groups sampled, dietary assessment methodology, nutrient range, underpinning food composition database and treatment of under-reporters. This will aid effective, coordinated policy development that can have a real impact on dietary improvement, on a population and subgroup level, throughout Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Rippin
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jayne Hutchinson
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jo Jewell
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, 21000Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joao J Breda
- Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, UN City, Marmorvej 51, 21000Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janet E Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
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Relationship between perception of emotional home atmosphere and fruit and vegetable consumption in European adolescents: results from the I.Family survey. Public Health Nutr 2019; 23:53-62. [PMID: 31405404 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019002234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) among adolescents falls below recommendations in many Western countries. The impact of social and emotional aspects of family life on adolescent dietary behaviour may contribute to this, yet remains under-investigated. The present study examines the association between adolescents' perceptions of emotional home atmosphere (EHA) and their F&V consumption frequency. DESIGN An FFQ was used to assess F&V consumption frequency. EHA was assessed by an eight-item measure with three subscales: perceived home warmth, strictness and relational tension. EHA subscales were used as binary variables: a score equal to or above the median value was considered as a higher perception, while a score below the median was considered as a lower perception of the EHA in question. Country differences in meeting the European 5-a-day recommendations were described. Further, the association between EHA and F&V consumption frequency was investigated using multiple linear regression. SETTING Regional examination centres in eight European countries. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents (n 3196) aged 12-18 years. RESULTS The mean F&V consumption frequency was 3·27 (sd 2·84) times/d. Only 16·1 % of boys and 18 % of girls in our study sample met the recommendation of five F&V daily. After controlling for age, sex, education level of the parents and country of origin, perceived home warmth was associated with a 16 (95 % CI 9, 22) % higher F&V consumption frequency (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS F&V consumption frequency was suboptimal in the survey areas. Interventions targeting perceived warmth as a component of EHA could potentially have a positive effect on adolescents' dietary behaviour.
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Use of Dietary Supplements among Spanish Pediatricians in Daily Practice: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study. J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:5819305. [PMID: 31428471 PMCID: PMC6681612 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5819305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey study was designed to gather information on the use of dietary supplements by Spanish pediatricians. The study questionnaire was completed by 433 pediatricians (62% men, mean age 52.5 years) throughout the country. They also provided data on 10 of their patients (n = 4304) in which synbiotics, immune stimulants, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) had been prescribed. Synbiotics were used by 92% of pediatricians, immune stimulants by 80.4%, and omega-3 PUFAs by 75.1%. Synbiotics were mainly used combined with antibiotics (92.6%) and for gastrointestinal disorders (91.2%), immune stimulants to enhance defenses and cold prevention (87.1%), and omega-3 PUFAs to improve symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (84.8%) and concentration (80.1%). Confidence and previous experience with the product (51.6%), composition and indications of the product (43.1%), and tolerability (39.9%) were main factors involved in decision-making. Children treated with omega-3 supplements were significantly older (mean age 7.6 (3.0) years) than those treated with synbiotics (3.9 (3.9) years) or immune stimulants (3.4 (2.8) years) (P<0.001). Short duration of treatment (<1 month) was significantly more common in the synbiotics group (90.5%), whereas longer duration of treatment (>3 months) was more frequent in the omega-3 group (79.1%). In the immune stimulants group, 60.4% of patients were treated for a period between 1 and 3 months. Clinical improvement was rated by participants as “a lot” in 39% of cases and as “quite” improvement in 50.6%. The overall level of satisfaction was rated as “very satisfied” by 52.1% of participants and as “quite satisfied” by 40.9%. The results show that the use of dietary supplements to improve different conditions, particularly minor disorders, is a widespread clinical practice among Spanish pediatricians. Administration regimens for the three types of supplements, synbiotics, immune stimulants, and omega-3 PUFAs, were consistent with guideline recommendations.
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Calvo-Lerma J, Hulst J, Boon M, Martins T, Ruperto M, Colombo C, Fornés-Ferrer V, Woodcock S, Claes I, Asseiceira I, Garriga M, Bulfamante A, Masip E, Walet S, Crespo P, Valmarana L, Martínez-Barona S, Pereira L, de Boeck K, Ribes-Koninckx C. The Relative Contribution of Food Groups to Macronutrient Intake in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A European Multicenter Assessment. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:1305-1319. [PMID: 30862484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal nutrition for children with cystic fibrosis (CF) improves prognosis and survival, but an increased caloric intake recommendation for this population raises concerns about the nutrient profile of their diets. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess the relative contribution of food groups to the total macronutrient intake of European pediatric patients with CF. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study in which the participants recorded dietary intake from 2016 to 2017. Specifically developed nutritional composition databases were used to obtain nutritional data, including macronutrients and food groups, according to previously standardized criteria. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Two hundred and seven pediatric patients with CF from six European centers were involved in the My App for Cystic Fibrosis self-management project. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants reported dietary intake with a detailed 4-day food record. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED Descriptive analyses of nutrient intake, food group consumption, and dietary origin of macronutrients were conducted with R software. RESULTS Similar patterns were found in nutrient and food group intake; both sugar and saturated fatty acids contributed >10% each to the total daily energy intake in all the centers. Large mean and median percent differences were observed in the intake of other nutrient and food groups, because sweets and snacks were consumed once or twice a day, and fruit and vegetables were consumed two or three times a day. Milk, meat, sweets and snacks, and oils were the main sources of fat in all centers. CONCLUSIONS Study findings indicated less than optimal nutrient profiles, especially for sugars and saturated fatty acids, resulting from the high consumption of meat, dairy, and processed products and low consumption of fish, nuts, and legumes. These results can serve as a basis for future tailored interventions that target improved adherence to nutritional recommendations for patients with CF.
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Abstract
The WHO encourages national diet survey (NDS) implementation to obtain relevant data to inform policies addressing all forms of malnutrition, which remains a pressing issue throughout Europe. This paper provides an up-to-date review on energy, macro- and selected micronutrient intakes in children across WHO Europe using the latest available NDS intakes. It assesses these against WHO recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) to highlight vulnerable groups and areas of concern. Dietary survey information was gathered by Internet searches, contacting survey authors and nutrition experts. Survey characteristics, energy and nutrient intakes were extracted and weighted means calculated and presented by region. Child energy and nutrient intakes were extracted from twenty-one NDS across a third (n 18) of the fifty-three WHO Europe countries. Of these, 38 % (n 6) reported intakes by socio-economic group, but by various indicators. Energy and macronutrients, where boys and older children had higher intakes, were more widely reported than micronutrients. Most countries met under half of the WHO RNI for nutrients reported in their NDS. Micronutrient attainment was higher than macronutrients, but worst in girls and older children. Only a third, mainly Western, WHO European member states provided published data on child nutrient intakes. Gaps in provision mean that dietary inadequacies may go unidentified, preventing evidence-based policy formation. WHO RNI attainment was poor, particularly in girls and older children. Inconsistent age groups, dietary methodologies, nutrient composition databases and under-reporting hinder inter-country comparisons. Future efforts should encourage countries to conduct NDS in a standardised format by age and sociodemographic variables.
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Assessment of Sodium and Potassium Intakes in Children Aged 6 to 18 Years by 24 h Urinary Excretion in City of Rabat, Morocco. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:8687192. [PMID: 30155290 PMCID: PMC6092998 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8687192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has greatly increased, mainly due to high level of dietary sodium. Thus, reduction of sodium intake in population has been recognized as one of the most cost-effective strategies to reduce NCDs. The aim of this study was to estimate sodium and potassium consumption in a sample of Moroccan children as a baseline study to implement national strategy for salt intake reduction. Methods The study was conducted on 131 children aged 6-18 years recruited from Rabat and its region. Sodium excretion and potassium excretion were measured on 24 h urinary collection, and the creatinine excretion was used to validate completeness of urine collections. Results The average of urinary sodium was 2235.3 ± 823.2 mg/day, and 50% of children consume more than 2 g/d of sodium (equivalent to 5 g/day of salt), recommended by the WHO. However, daily urinary excretion of potassium was 1431 ± 636.5 mg/day, and 75% of children consume less than adequate intake. Sodium consumption increased significantly with age. Of particular interest, 46.7% of children aged 6-8 years and 49.3% of children aged 9-13 years consume more than the corresponding upper limits. Conclusions Children have high sodium and low potassium status. There is evidence of the urgent need to implement a strategy for reduction of dietary sodium intake in Morocco.
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Nuruddin R, Urpi-Sarda M, Rodriguez-Lopez M, Garcia-Arenas D, Gratacos E, Crispi F, Acosta-Rojas R. Macronutrient and fibre intake of young Spanish children with reference to their in utero growth status: Are they eating a healthy diet? J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:563-571. [PMID: 29330920 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare macronutrient and fibre intake by pre-school children born with intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) or as appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and to compare their intake with paediatric nutritional recommendations for identification of potential areas of modification during early life. METHODS A parental 3-day dietary record was obtained for children of age 1-6 years, born at Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain (2002-2007) with IUGR (n = 37) or AGA (n = 53). Mean nutrient intake (adjusted for body mass index), nutrient adequacy ratios (NAR) and percentage of energy intake (EI%) were compared. RESULTS Macronutrient and fibre intake of the two groups did not differ significantly. However, IUGR children showed significantly higher than the recommended levels of protein EI% (18 (95% confidence interval (CI) 16-19)), NAR for saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (1.2 (95% CI 1.1-1.5)) and NAR for carbohydrate (1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.6)) and significantly lower than the recommended levels of NAR for unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) (0.6 (95% CI 0.5-0.8)) and for fibre (0.6 (95% CI 0.5-0.8)). Likewise, children born with AGA showed similar pattern compared to the recommended levels for protein EI% (17 (95% CI 16-18)), NAR for SFAs (1.3 (95% CI 1.2-1.4)), NAR for UFAs (0.6 (95% CI 0.5-0.7)) and NAR for fibre (0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9)). CONCLUSION Spanish pre-school children consume proteins and SFAs in abundance and UFAs and fibre in moderation. Reinforcement of healthy eating is recommended for long-term health benefits, especially for at-risk children born with IUGR, whose consumption of carbohydrate is additionally greater than that recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozina Nuruddin
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, The August Pi I Sunyer, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mireia Urpi-Sarda
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Merida Rodriguez-Lopez
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, The August Pi I Sunyer, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Pontifical Javeriana University, Cali, Colombia
| | - Dolores Garcia-Arenas
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gratacos
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, The August Pi I Sunyer, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fatima Crispi
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, The August Pi I Sunyer, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruthy Acosta-Rojas
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, The August Pi I Sunyer, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Spain.,Growth in Health Research, Barcelona, Spain
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Sarker S, Ahuja M, Sarker S. Work–Life Conflict of Globally Distributed Software Development Personnel: An Empirical Investigation Using Border Theory. INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1287/isre.2017.0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saonee Sarker
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904
| | - Manju Ahuja
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292
| | - Suprateek Sarker
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904; and Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, López-Sobaler AM, Navia B, Andrés P, Jiménez-Ortega AI, Ortega RM. β-Carotene Concentration and Its Association with Inflammatory Biomarkers in Spanish Schoolchildren. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017; 71:80-87. [PMID: 28704820 DOI: 10.1159/000479009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the correlation between inflammatory biomarkers and plasma β-carotene levels in children. METHODS A total of 564 Spanish schoolchildren aged 9-12 were observed and studied. Plasma β-carotene levels were assessed by HPLC. A β-carotene level <4.83 µg/dL (0.09 µmol/L) was considered deficient. Plasma tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by immunoenzyme assays. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was tested by immunonephelometry. RESULTS Subjects who were β-carotene-deficient (23.1% of the studied children) had higher IL-6 levels than subjects with normal β-carotene concentrations. The log-IL-6 and log-hs-CRP concentrations, but not the log-TNF-α level, were strongly and inversely related to the plasma log-β-carotene level (taking into account log-age, energy intake, log-triglycerides, gender, log-body mass index, log-β-carotene intake, energy from lipids and cholesterol as covariables). When the 3 inflammatory biomarkers were introduced into the regression model along with the corresponding covariables, only the log-IL-6 level was related to the plasma log-β-carotene level (β = -0.505 ± 0.078; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory status, in particular IL-6 levels, appears to be negatively associated with plasma β-carotene levels in schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Sección Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Jalkanen H, Lindi V, Schwab U, Kiiskinen S, Venäläinen T, Karhunen L, Lakka T, Eloranta A. Eating behaviour is associated with eating frequency and food consumption in 6–8 year-old children: The Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) study. Appetite 2017; 114:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Pither J, Botta A, Maity C, Ghosh S. Analysis using national databases reveals a positive association between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids with TV watching and diabetes in European females. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173084. [PMID: 28355278 PMCID: PMC5371297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have increased in parallel to sedentary behavior and diabetes across the world. To test any putative association between dietary PUFA and sedentary behavior or diabetes in females, we obtained country-specific, cross-sectional data on sedentary activity and diabetes prevalence from European Cardiovascular Statistics 2012. Age and gender-specific, nutritional data from each country were obtained from nutritional surveys as well. Socioeconomic (GDP), physical environment (urbanization index) and climatic confounders were accounted for each country. Upon analysis, we found a strong, positive association between sedentary lifestyle in 11-yr old girls (> = 2 hours of TV/ weekday) and dietary PUFA across 21 European countries. Further, a weak association of dietary PUFA and a strong relationship of per-capita GDP was established with elevated fasting blood glucose [(> = 7.0 mmol/L; or on medication] among 25+ year old adult females across 23 countries in Europe. In summary, we present novel ecological evidence that dietary PUFA is strongly associated with sedentary behavior among pre-teen girls and weakly associated with diabetes among adult women across Europe. In the latter group, per-capita GDP was a significant predictor for diabetes as well. Therefore, we recommend that prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) be implemented to evaluate if ubiquitous presence of dietary PUFA and low socioeconomic status are possible confounders when intervening to treat/prevent sedentary lifestyle or diabetes in female subjects in Western nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Pither
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Amy Botta
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Chittaranjan Maity
- Department of Biochemistry, KPC Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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López-Sobaler AM, Aparicio A, González-Rodríguez LG, Cuadrado-Soto E, Rubio J, Marcos V, Sanchidrián R, Santos S, Pérez-Farinós N, Dal Re MÁ, Villar C, Robledo T, Castrodeza JJ, Ortega RM. Adequacy of Usual Vitamin and Mineral Intake in Spanish Children and Adolescents: ENALIA Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E131. [PMID: 28208814 PMCID: PMC5331562 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The National Dietary Survey on the Child and Adolescent Population in Spain (ENALIA) provides data to assess the usual micronutrient intake among Spanish infants, children, and adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional survey (November 2012-July 2014) of a representative sample of Spanish children and adolescents (six months-17 years) (n = 1862). Dietary information was collected using two non-consecutive one-day food diaries (six months-10 years old) or two 24 h dietary recalls (11 years and older) separated by at least 14 days. Estimates were calculated using the Iowa State University method and PC-SIDE software (version 1.0, department of statistics, center for agricultural and rural development, Ames, IA, USA) to account for within- and between-person variation. Results: Usual intake of vitamin D was insufficient in practically all individuals. Vitamin E, folate, and calcium were insufficient, especially from nine years of age, and magnesium and iodine from 14 years of age. The percentage of subjects with insufficient intakes was higher among females. Sodium intake was excessive in a considerable percentage of the population, especially in males, and it increased with age. Finally, over half of children under four years of age had zinc usual intakes that exceeded the Tolerable Upper Level. Conclusion: Vitamin and mineral intake in Spain should be improved, especially in late childhood and adolescence. Nutritional intervention and educational strategies are needed to promote healthy eating habits and correct micronutrient inadequacies in Spanish children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M López-Sobaler
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Aránzazu Aparicio
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Liliana G González-Rodríguez
- VALORNUT Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid 28691, Spain.
| | - Esther Cuadrado-Soto
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Josefa Rubio
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, C/Alcalá 56, Madrid 28071, Spain.
| | - Victoria Marcos
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, C/Alcalá 56, Madrid 28071, Spain.
| | - Rosa Sanchidrián
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, C/Alcalá 56, Madrid 28071, Spain.
| | - Sara Santos
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, C/Alcalá 56, Madrid 28071, Spain.
| | - Napoleón Pérez-Farinós
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, C/Alcalá 56, Madrid 28071, Spain.
| | - Marian Ángeles Dal Re
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, C/Alcalá 56, Madrid 28071, Spain.
| | - Carmen Villar
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, C/Alcalá 56, Madrid 28071, Spain.
| | - Teresa Robledo
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, C/Alcalá 56, Madrid 28071, Spain.
| | - J Javier Castrodeza
- Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, C/Alcalá 56, Madrid 28071, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Ortega
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Harris C, Buyken A, Koletzko S, von Berg A, Berdel D, Schikowski T, Koletzko B, Heinrich J, Standl M. Dietary Fatty Acids and Changes in Blood Lipids during Adolescence: The Role of Substituting Nutrient Intakes. Nutrients 2017; 9:E127. [PMID: 28208667 PMCID: PMC5331558 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of dietary fatty acids (FA) for blood lipids should be assessed in the context of substituting nutrients. Such evidence is lacking for adolescents. This study describes prospective associations of dietary FA with changes in serum lipids during adolescence, and considers the theoretical isocaloric replacements of saturated FA (SFA) with other FA or carbohydrates (CHO). Children from the GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohorts, with data on FA intakes (at age 10 years) and serum lipids (at age 10 and 15 years), were included (n = 1398). Associations of SFA, monounsaturated FA (MUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated FA (n-3 PUFA) and n-6 PUFA, with changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TAG), and total cholesterol to HDL ratio (TOTAL:HDL), were assessed by linear regression. Substitution models assessed isocaloric replacements of SFA with MUFA, n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA or CHO. Higher SFA intakes were associated with decreasing TAG. No associations were observed for fatty acid intakes with LDL, HDL or TOTAL:HDL. In females, replacing SFA with CHO was associated with increasing LDL, TAG and TOTAL:HDL. Our findings confirm observations in adults, although sex-specific determinants seem relevant in our adolescent population. Overlooking the nutrient context when limiting SFA intakes might have detrimental consequences appreciable as early as adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Harris
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Anette Buyken
- DONALD Study, IEL-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, 44225 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrea von Berg
- Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, 46483 Wesel, Germany.
| | - Dietrich Berdel
- Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, 46483 Wesel, Germany.
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Cirillo G, Restuccia D, Curcio M, Iemma F, Spizzirri UG. Food Analysis: A Brief Overview. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119160588.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Vitamin D and Calcium Intakes, Physical Activity, and Calcaneus BMC among School-Going 13-Year Old Malaysian Adolescents. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100666. [PMID: 27783041 PMCID: PMC5084052 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone development. Apart from diet, physical activity may potentially improve and sustain bone health. Objective: To investigate the relationship between the dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D, physical activity, and bone mineral content (BMC) in 13-year-old Malaysian adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Selected public secondary schools from the central and northern regions of Peninsular Malaysia. Participants: The subjects were from the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team Cohort study (MyHeARTs). Methods: The data included seven-day diet histories, anthropometric measurements, and the BMC of calcaneal bone using a portable broadband ultrasound bone densitometer. Nutritionist Pro software was used to calculate the dietary calcium and vitamin D intakes from the diet histories, based on the Nutrient Composition of Malaysian Food Database guidance for the dietary calcium intake and the Singapore Energy and Nutrient Composition of Food Database for vitamin D intake. Results: A total of 289 adolescents (65.7% females) were recruited. The average dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D were 377 ± 12 mg/day and 2.51 ± 0.12 µg/day, respectively, with the majority of subjects failing to meet the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) of Malaysia for dietary calcium and vitamin D. All the subjects had a normal Z-score for the BMC (−2.00 or higher) with a mean of 0.55 ± 0.01. From the statistical analysis of the factors contributing to BMC, it was found that for those subjects with a higher intake of vitamin D, a higher combination of the intake of vitamin D and calcium resulted in significantly higher BMC quartiles. The regression analysis showed that the BMC might have been influenced by the vitamin D intake. Conclusions: A combination of the intake of vitamin D and calcium is positively associated with the BMC.
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Bosanac V, Šanko K, Gajdoš Kljusurić J, Colić Barić I. Association between dietary offerings and nutritional status of adolescents as a factor of geographic region. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Eloranta AM, Venäläinen T, Soininen S, Jalkanen H, Kiiskinen S, Schwab U, Lakka TA, Lindi V. Food sources of energy and nutrients in Finnish girls and boys 6-8 years of age - the PANIC study. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:32444. [PMID: 27702428 PMCID: PMC5045967 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.32444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data on food sources of nutrients are needed to improve strategies to enhance nutrient intake among girls and boys in Western countries. Objective To identify major food sources of energy, energy nutrients, dietary fibre, and micronutrients, and to study gender differences in these food sources among children. Design We assessed food consumption and nutrient intake using 4-day food records in a population sample of Finnish girls (n=213) and boys (n=217) aged 6–8 years from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children Study. We calculated the percentual contribution of 55 food groups for energy and nutrient intake using the population proportion method. Results Low-fibre grain products, skimmed milk, and high-fibre bread provided almost 23% of total energy intake. Skimmed milk was the top source of protein (18% of total intake), vitamin D (32%), potassium (20%), calcium (39%), magnesium (17%), and zinc (16%). Vegetable oils (15%) and high-fat vegetable oil–based spreads (14%) were the top sources of polyunsaturated fat. High-fibre bread was the top source of fibre (27%) and iron (12%). Non-root vegetables were the top source of folate (14%) and vitamin C (22%). Sugar-sweetened beverages provided 21% of sucrose intake. Pork was a more important source of protein and sausage was a more important source of total fat and monounsaturated fat in boys than in girls. Vegetable oils provided a higher proportion of unsaturated fat and vitamin E among boys, whereas high-fat vegetable oil–based spreads provided a higher proportion of these nutrients among girls. Conclusion Commonly recommended foods, such as skimmed milk, high-fibre grain products, vegetables, vegetable oil, and vegetable oil–based spreads, were important sources of several nutrients, whereas sugar-sweetened beverages provided the majority of sucrose intake among children. This knowledge can be used in improving health among children by dietary interventions, nutrition education, and health policy decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Taisa Venäläinen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sonja Soininen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Social and Health Center, City of Varkaus, Finland.,Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna Jalkanen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Kiiskinen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virpi Lindi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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A cross-sectional observation on habitual non-alcoholic beverage consumption among adolescents from four Irish post-primary schools. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:404-412. [PMID: 27665676 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016002627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE No up-to-date data on the dietary intake of Irish adolescents are available. The aim of the present pilot study was to obtain and compare cross-sectional information on habitual adolescent beverage consumption between four distinct post-primary schools in the Republic of Ireland, in 2014-2015. DESIGN A cross-sectional observation study. A beverage consumption questionnaire was used to obtain data on beverage intake and influences on consumption. SETTING Four post-primary mixed-sex schools in Ireland representing the following school classifications were selected for the study: urban fee-paying, urban disadvantaged, rural fee-paying and rural disadvantaged. SUBJECTS Students (n 761) aged 12-18 years. RESULTS Data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis (non-parametric) ANOVA to compare the distribution of beverage consumption across the schools. Water was the most highly consumed beverage among students from all four schools (median 1425 ml/d). Students from urban and rural disadvantaged schools reported a significantly higher volume of carbonated beverage intake than students from fee-paying schools. Students from an urban disadvantaged school also reported a significantly higher volume of carbonated beverage and energy drink intake compared with the other three schools. Students from an urban fee-paying school reported the highest consumption of water, while rural disadvantaged school students were the biggest consumers of tea and milk. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in beverage consumption (ml/d) were reported by adolescents from four schools in Ireland. Surveillance on current beverage consumption trends among adolescents is vital to guide policies and interventions, and for appropriate targeting of resources.
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Meyer R, De Koker C, Dziubak R, Godwin H, Dominguez-Ortega G, Chebar Lozinsky A, Skrapac AK, Gholmie Y, Reeve K, Shah N. The impact of the elimination diet on growth and nutrient intake in children with food protein induced gastrointestinal allergies. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:25. [PMID: 27418957 PMCID: PMC4944436 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated allergies affecting the gastrointestinal tract require an elimination diet to aid diagnosis. The elimination diet may entail multiple food eliminations that contribute significantly to macro- and micro-nutrient intake which are essential for normal growth and development. Previous studies have indicated growth faltering in children with IgE-mediated allergy, but limited data is available on those with delayed type allergies. We therefore performed a study to establish the impact on growth before and after commencing an elimination diets in children with food protein induced non-IgE mediated gastrointestinal allergies. Methods A prospective, observational study was performed at the tertiary gastroenterology department. Children aged 4 weeks–16 years without non-allergic co-morbidities who were required to follow an elimination diet for suspected food protein induced gastrointestinal allergies were included. Growth parameters pre-elimination were taken from clinical notes and post-elimination measurements (weight and height) were taken a minimum of 4 weeks after the elimination diet. A 3-day estimated food diary was recorded a minimum of 4 weeks after initiating the elimination diet, including also any hypoallergenic formulas or over the counter milk alternatives that were consumed. Results We recruited 130 children: 89 (68.5 %) boys and a median age of 23.3 months [IQR 9.4–69.2]. Almost all children (94.8 %) in this study eliminated CM from their diet and average contribution of energy in the form of protein was 13.8 % (SD 3.9), 51.2 % (SD 7.5) from carbohydrates and 35 % (SD 7.5) from fat. In our cohort 9 and 2.8 % were stunted and wasted respectively. There was a statistically significant improvement in weight-for-age (Wtage) after the 4 week elimination diet. The elimination diet itself did not improve any of the growth parameters, but achieving energy and protein intake improved Wtage and WtHt respectively, vitamin and/or mineral supplements and hypoallergenic formulas were positively associated with WtHt and Wtage. Conclusion With appropriate dietary advice, including optimal energy and protein intake, hypoallergenic formulas and vitamins and mineral supplementation, growth parameters increased from before to after dietary elimination. These factors were positively associated with growth, irrespective of the type of elimination diet and the numbers of foods eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosan Meyer
- Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Claire De Koker
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robert Dziubak
- Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Heather Godwin
- Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ana-Kristina Skrapac
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yara Gholmie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kate Reeve
- Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Neil Shah
- Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS foundation Trust, London, UK ; Institute of Child Health, University College, London, UK
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Damianidi L, Gruszfeld D, Verduci E, Vecchi F, Xhonneux A, Langhendries JP, Luque V, Theurich MA, Zaragoza-Jordana M, Koletzko B, Grote V. Protein intakes and their nutritional sources during the first 2 years of life: secondary data evaluation from the European Childhood Obesity Project. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:1291-1297. [PMID: 27329609 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES High protein intake in infancy affects future obesity risk and other health outcomes. We aim to describe total protein intake and its sources in a birth cohort in five European countries over the first 2 years of life. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 746 formula-fed infants were included. Three-day weighed dietary records at 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months of age were used. Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA and Friedman's tests were used to assess possible differences in nutritional intake among countries and over time. RESULTS Dairy products were the main components of the infants' diets. Cow's milk was rarely introduced before 12 months of age, whereas infants' formula was the main contributor of protein intake. Food choices and protein intake differed among countries (P<0.001). Protein intake often exceeded European recommendations from 9 months onwards, partly because of the substitution of dairy protein (mainly infant formula) by meat protein. Two nutritional patterns were identified that were characterised by differences in energy, fat, protein and animal protein intake. Finally, food consumption was not always in line with protein intakes, and thus infants from some countries showed high consumption of specific food groups but relatively low protein intakes. CONCLUSIONS During weaning, over-limited substitution of dairy products with other sources (especially meat) resulted in relatively high protein intakes in formula-fed infants. Differences in preferences of specific protein sources from complementary foods existed among European countries. Great opportunities in improving early nutrition were revealed, although cultural and geographical differences should always be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Damianidi
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany
| | - D Gruszfeld
- Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Vecchi
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - V Luque
- Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - M A Theurich
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany
| | | | - B Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany
| | - V Grote
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, München, Germany
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Papandreou D, Makedou K, Zormpa A, Karampola M, Ioannou A, Hitoglou-Makedou A. Are Dietary Intakes Related to Obesity in Children? Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:194-9. [PMID: 27335587 PMCID: PMC4908732 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The purpose of this study was to report obesity status and identify any dietary substances that may be related to obesity in healthy school children from Northern Greece. METHODS: Four hundred and twenty-five (n = 425) children were randomly selected to participate in the study. A 24-h recall of three days (two weekdays and one weekend day) was used to analyze the dietary data of the subjects. RESULTS: Out of 425 subjects, 146 (34.3%) of them were found to be overweight and obese. Energy, protein, carbohydrate and thiamin intake was statistically positively correlated with obesity while dietary iron intake was statistically negatively correlated with obesity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the children with dietary iron deficiency were 1.128 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.161 P < 0.031) times more likely of being obese compared to the normal group after adjustment for energy intake. CONCLUSIONS: Although most of the dietary intakes of our subjects were adequate, special consideration should be given to energy, carbohydrate, protein, and sugar and iron intake especially and its relation to obesity. Furthermore, additional studies are required to investigate any possible relation of low dietary iron consumption and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Natural Science and Public Health, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kali Makedou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Areti Zormpa
- Laboratory of Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention from Childhood, 2nd Pediatric Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Karampola
- Laboratory of Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention from Childhood, 2nd Pediatric Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Ioannou
- Laboratory of Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention from Childhood, 2nd Pediatric Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Areti Hitoglou-Makedou
- Laboratory of Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention from Childhood, 2nd Pediatric Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rosi A, Brighenti F, Finistrella V, Ingrosso L, Monti G, Vanelli M, Vitale M, Volta E, Scazzina F. Giocampus school: a "learning through playing" approach to deliver nutritional education to children. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:207-15. [PMID: 26888548 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2016.1144720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To improve nutritional knowledge of children, single-group educational interventions with pre/post knowledge assessment were performed in primary schools in Parma, Italy, participating to the Giocampus Program. A total of 8165 children (8-11 years old) of 3rd, 4th and 5th grades of primary school were involved in 3 hours per class nutritional lessons, with specifically designed games and activities for each school grade. To evaluate children learning, a questionnaire was administered before and after three months of educational intervention. A total of 16330 questionnaires were analysed. Children nutritional knowledge significantly increased (p< 0.001) in all school grades. The integrated "learning through playing" approach, including the educational figures, tools and games, was successful in improving children's nutritional knowledge. A stable integration of this method in primary school settings could prepare a new generation of citizens, better educated on health-promotion lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rosi
- a Department of Food Science , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- a Department of Food Science , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | | | | | - Giorgia Monti
- d Children Hospital Pietro Barilla, University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Maurizio Vanelli
- e Postgraduate School of Pediatrics , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Marco Vitale
- f Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Elio Volta
- b Giocampus Steering Committee , Parma , Italy
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Determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in Finnish children: the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) study. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1080-91. [PMID: 26836317 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515005292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We studied vitamin D intake, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) concentration, determinants of S-25(OH)D and risk factors for S-25(OH)D <50 nmol/l in a population sample of Finnish children. We studied 184 girls and 190 boys aged 6-8 years, analysed S-25(OH)D by chemiluminescence immunoassay and assessed diet quality using 4-d food records and other lifestyle factors by questionnaires. We analysed the determinants of S-25(OH)D using linear regression and risk factors for S-25(OH)D <50 nmol/l using logistic regression. Mean dietary intake of vitamin D was 5·9 (sd 2·1) µg/d. Altogether, 40·8 % of children used no vitamin D supplements. Of all children, 82·4 % did not meet the recommended total vitamin D intake of 10 µg/d. Milk fortified with vitamin D was the main dietary source of vitamin D, providing 48·7 % of daily intake. S-25(OH)D was <50 nmol/l in 19·5 % of children. Consumption of milk products was the main determinant of S-25(OH)D in all children (standardised regression coefficient β=0·262; P<0·001), girls (β=0·214; P=0·009) and boys (β=0·257; P=0·003) in multivariable models. Vitamin D intake from supplements (β=0·171; P=0·035) and age (β=-0·198; P=0·015) were associated with S-25(OH)D in girls. Children who drank ≥450 g/d of milk, spent ≥2·2 h/d in physical activity, had ≥13·1 h/d of daylight time or were examined in autumn had reduced risk for S-25(OH)D <50 nmol/l. Insufficient vitamin D intake was common among Finnish children, one-fifth of whom had S-25(OH)D <50 nmol/l. More attention should be paid to the sufficient intake of vitamin D from food and supplements, especially among children who do not use fortified milk products.
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Mesías M, Holgado F, Márquez-Ruiz G, Morales F. Effect of sodium replacement in cookies on the formation of process contaminants and lipid oxidation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang G, Wang D, Jiang X, Yu X, Ma L, Zhong J, Feng X. Blood zinc, iron, and copper levels in critically ill neonates. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 164:8-11. [PMID: 25471202 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the prognostic value of blood zinc, iron, and copper levels in critically ill neonates by comparing blood metal levels with the score for neonatal acute physiology (SNAP). Forty-six neonates (26 boys, 20 girls; ages ranging from 10 min to 23 days) who had been admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of hospital and who were critically ill according to SNAP were included. Another 15 neonates (12 boys, 8 girls; ages ranging from 30 min to 24 days) who were brought to the hospital for a health checkup were included as controls. Clinical data, time in the intensive care unit, prognosis, and SNAP for critically ill neonates were recorded. Blood Cu, Zn, and Fe values were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry. Ill neonates were divided into extremely critical (SNAP ≥ 10) and critical groups (1 ≤ SNAP < 9). Zn levels were lower in patients than in controls (p <0.05). Cu levels did not differ between patients and controls (p >0.05). Fe levels were not significantly between the critical and control groups (p >0.05). In ill neonates, blood Zn and Fe concentrations in the extremely critical group were lower than in the critical group (p <0.05). Serious illness in neonates may lead to decreased Zn and Fe blood concentrations. Zn and Fe supplements may be beneficial for critically ill children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghuan Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou City, 515041, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo holistically evaluate the extent of implementation of dietary guidelines in schools and present various monitoring systems.DesignThe study comprises three methods: (i) a cross-sectional survey (process evaluation); (ii) an indicator-based evaluation (menu quality); and (iii) a 5 d weighed food record of school lunches (output evaluation).SettingSlovenian primary schools.SubjectsA total 234 food-service managers from 488 schools completed a self-administrated questionnaire for process evaluation; 177 out of 194 randomly selected schools provided menus for menu quality evaluation; and 120 school lunches from twenty-four schools were measured and nutritionally analysed for output evaluation.ResultsThe survey among food-service managers revealed high levels of implementation at almost all process evaluation areas of the guidelines. An even more successful implementation of these guidelines was found in relation to organization cultural issues as compared with technical issues. Differences found in some process evaluation areas were related to location, size and socio-economic characteristics of schools. Evaluation of school menu quality demonstrated that score values followed a normal distribution. Higher (better) nutrition scores were found in larger-sized schools and corresponding municipalities with higher socio-economic status. School lunches did not meet minimum recommendations for energy, carbohydrates or dietary fibre intake, nor for six vitamins and three (macro, micro and trace) elements.ConclusionsThe implementation of the guidelines was achieved differently at distinct levels. The presented multilevel evaluation suggests that different success in implementation might be attributed to different characteristics of individual schools. System changes might also be needed to support and improve implementation of the guidelines.
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Scientific Opinion on the safety of the complexation product of sodium tartrate and iron(III) chloride as a food additive. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Moreno LA, Gottrand F, Huybrechts I, Ruiz JR, González-Gross M, DeHenauw S. Nutrition and lifestyle in european adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:615S-623S. [PMID: 25469407 PMCID: PMC4188245 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.005678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period, because major physical and psychologic changes occur during a very short period of time. Changes in dietary habits may induce different types of nutritional disorders and are likely to track into adulthood. The aim of this review is to describe the key findings related to nutritional status in European adolescents participating in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. We performed a cross-sectional study in 3528 (1845 females) adolescents aged 12.5–17.5 y. Birth weight was negatively associated with abdominal fat mass in adolescents and serum leptin concentrations (in female adolescents), providing additional evidence for a programming effect of birth weight on energy homeostasis control. Breakfast consumption was associated with lower body fat content and healthier cardiovascular profile. Adolescents eat half of the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables and less than two-thirds of the recommended amount of milk and milk products but consume more meat and meat products, fats, and sweets than recommended. For beverage consumption, sugar-sweetened beverages, sweetened milk, low-fat milk, and fruit juice provided the highest amount of energy. Although the intakes of saturated fatty acids (FAs) and salt were high, the intake of polyunsaturated FAs was low. Adolescents spent, on average, 9 h/d of their waking time (66–71% and 70–73% of the registered time in boys and girls, respectively) in sedentary activities. Factors associated with adolescents’ sedentary behavior included the following: 1) age; 2) media availability in the bedroom; 3) sleeping time; 4) breakfast consumption; and 5) season. Sedentary time was also associated with cardiovascular risk factors and bone mineral content. In European adolescents, deficient concentrations were identified for plasma folate (15%), vitamin D (15%), pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (5%), β-carotene (25%), and vitamin E (5%). Scientists and public health authorities should raise awareness of the importance of a healthy and sustainable lifestyle as a foundation of the health of the European population, now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development)
Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza,
Spain
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Jeanne
de Flandre University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent,
Belgium
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Dietary
Exposure Assessment Group, Lyon, France
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROFITH (Promoting Fitness and Health through Physical
Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of
Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; and
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human
Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of
Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - on behalf of the HELENA Study Group
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development)
Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza,
Spain
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Jeanne
de Flandre University Hospital, Lille, France
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent,
Belgium
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Dietary
Exposure Assessment Group, Lyon, France
- PROFITH (Promoting Fitness and Health through Physical
Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of
Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; and
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human
Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of
Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Börnhorst C, Huybrechts I, Hebestreit A, Krogh V, De Decker A, Barba G, Moreno LA, Lissner L, Tornaritis M, Loit HM, Molnár D, Pigeot I. Usual energy and macronutrient intakes in 2-9-year-old European children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38 Suppl 2:S115-23. [PMID: 25376213 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Valid estimates of population intakes are essential for monitoring trends as well as for nutritional interventions, but such data are rare in young children. In particular, the problem of misreporting in dietary data is usually not accounted for. Therefore, this study aims to provide accurate estimates of intake distributions in European children. DESIGN Cross-sectional setting-based multi-centre study. SUBJECTS A total of 9560 children aged 2-9 years from eight European countries with at least one 24-h dietary recall (24-HDR). METHODS The 24-HDRs were classified in three reporting groups based on age- and sex-specific Goldberg cutoffs (underreports, plausible reports, overreports). Only plausible reports were considered in the final analysis (N=8611 children). The National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Method was applied to estimate population distributions of usual intakes correcting for the variance inflation in short-term dietary data. RESULTS The prevalence of underreporting (9.5%) was higher compared with overreporting (3.4%). Exclusion of misreports resulted in a shift of the energy and absolute macronutrient intake distributions to the right, and further led to the exclusion of extreme values, that is, mean values and lower percentiles increased, whereas upper percentiles decreased. The distributions of relative macronutrient intakes (% energy intake from fat/carbohydrates/proteins) remained almost unchanged when excluding misreports. Application of the NCI-Method resulted in markedly narrower intake distributions compared with estimates based on single 24-HDRs. Mean percentages of usual energy intake from fat, carbohydrates and proteins were 32.2, 52.1 and 15.7%, respectively, suggesting the majority of European children are complying with common macronutrient intake recommendations. In contrast, total water intake (mean: 1216.7 ml per day) lay below the recommended value for >90% of the children. CONCLUSION This study provides recent estimates of intake distributions of European children correcting for misreporting as well as for the daily variation in dietary data. These data may help to assess the adequacy of young children's diets in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Börnhorst
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - I Huybrechts
- 1] Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium [2] Dietary Exposure Assessment Groups, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - A Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - V Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - A De Decker
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Barba
- Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Science, CNR, Avellino, Italy
| | - L A Moreno
- 1] GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain [2] Faculty of Medicine, University of Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Lissner
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Tornaritis
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - H-M Loit
- Center of Health and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - D Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - I Pigeot
- 1] Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany [2] Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Merkiel S. Dietary intake in 6-year-old children from southern Poland: part 1--energy and macronutrient intakes. BMC Pediatr 2014; 14:197. [PMID: 25086600 PMCID: PMC4126390 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The studies on dietary intake in Polish children are sparse and the information about dietary intake in 6-year-olds in Europe is limited. The published studies on dietary intake in children rarely provide information on the intake of animal protein, plant protein and water. The purpose of the study was to analyse energy and macronutrient intakes in 6-year-old children from southern Poland. Methods The studied population comprised 120 children, 64 girls and 56 boys. Energy and macronutrient intakes were estimated from a three-day food record. Weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. Results Intakes of energy (kJ, kcal), plant protein (g), total fat (g), saturated fatty acids (g, % of energy, g/1000 kcal), monounsaturated fatty acids (g) and starch (g, % of energy, g/1000 kcal) were significantly higher in boys, while intakes of sucrose (% of energy, g/1000 kcal) and total water (g/1000 kcal) were significantly higher in girls. The children’s diets were characterised by excessive intake of total fat, saturated fatty acids, sucrose, and by inadequate intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, available carbohydrates and starch. Conclusions The observed adverse characteristics of the children’s diets are similar to those observed in the diets of children in other European countries and show the need to work out a common educational programme to improve nutrition in young European children. It is also important to provide the lacking information about the intake of animal protein, plant protein and water in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Merkiel
- Food and Nutrition Department of the Eugeniusz Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Poland, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39 Street, Poznan, 61-871, Poland.
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Anzid K, Baali A, Vimard P, Levy-Desroches S, Cherkaoui M, López PM. Inadequacy of vitamins and minerals among high-school pupils in Ouarzazate, Morocco. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:1786-95. [PMID: 23953955 PMCID: PMC10282389 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013002140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess micronutrient intakes and the prevalence of inadequacy in a sample of high-school pupils in Ouarzazate, Morocco. DESIGN Food records were compiled over three non-consecutive days by pre-trained pupils. Micronutrient intakes were estimated using the DIAL software, adapted to include foods commonly eaten in Morocco. The prevalence of inadequacy was estimated by the proportion of individuals with intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamins B12, A and K, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folate, ascorbic acid, iodine, Ca, Mg and P; below the Adequate Intake (AI) level for pantothenic acid, biotin, Na and K; and using the probability approach for Fe. Data were adjusted for intra-individual variation with exclusion of under-reporters. SETTING Ouarzazate, a semi-urban region situated on the southern slopes of the High Atlas with little industrial development but an important tourism sector. SUBJECTS A self-selected sample of 312 pupils aged 15-19 years from the five public high schools. After exclusion of under-reporters, 293 remained for analysis. RESULTS The highest proportions of below-EAR/AI intakes were seen for pantothenic acid (girls 85·1 %, boys 78·0 %), biotin (boys 83·1 %, girls 79·4 %), thiamin (boys 66·9 %), folate (girls 93·1 %, boys 74·6 %), iodine (boys 94·9 %, girls 88·0 %) and Ca (girls 83·4 %, boys 74·6 %). Na intake was generally in excess whereas K intake was below the AI level. In general, girls had better-quality diets than boys, who appeared to consume more 'empty calories'. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in this population of Moroccan adolescents, nutritional intervention and educational strategies are needed to promote healthy eating habits and correct micronutrient inadequacies. To provide reliable and precise estimates of nutrient intakes, an update of Moroccan food composition databases is urgently needed. We recommend that national authorities address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Anzid
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Human Ecology, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Bvd Prince My Abdellah, BP 2390, 40000 Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Baali
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Human Ecology, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Bvd Prince My Abdellah, BP 2390, 40000 Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Patrice Vimard
- Population-Environment-Development Laboratory, University of Provence, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mohamed Cherkaoui
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Human Ecology, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Bvd Prince My Abdellah, BP 2390, 40000 Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Pilar Montero López
- Unidad de Antropología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Burisch J, Pedersen N, Cukovic-Cavka S, Turk N, Kaimakliotis I, Duricova D, Bortlik M, Shonová O, Vind I, Avnstrøm S, Thorsgaard N, Krabbe S, Andersen V, Dahlerup JF, Kjeldsen J, Salupere R, Olsen J, Nielsen KR, Manninen P, Collin P, Katsanos KH, Tsianos EV, Ladefoged K, Lakatos L, Ragnarsson G, Björnsson E, Bailey Y, O'Morain C, Schwartz D, Odes S, Giannotta M, Girardin G, Kiudelis G, Kupcinskas L, Turcan S, Barros L, Magro F, Lazar D, Goldis A, Nikulina I, Belousova E, Martinez-Ares D, Hernandez V, Almer S, Zhulina Y, Halfvarson J, Arebi N, Tsai HH, Sebastian S, Lakatos PL, Langholz E, Munkholm P. Environmental factors in a population-based inception cohort of inflammatory bowel disease patients in Europe--an ECCO-EpiCom study. J Crohns Colitis 2014; 8:607-16. [PMID: 24315795 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in Eastern Europe possibly due to changes in environmental factors towards a more "westernised" standard of living. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in exposure to environmental factors prior to diagnosis in Eastern and Western European IBD patients. METHODS The EpiCom cohort is a population-based, prospective inception cohort of 1560 unselected IBD patients from 31 European countries covering a background population of 10.1 million. At the time of diagnosis patients were asked to complete an 87-item questionnaire concerning environmental factors. RESULTS A total of 1182 patients (76%) answered the questionnaire, 444 (38%) had Crohn's disease (CD), 627 (53%) ulcerative colitis (UC), and 111 (9%) IBD unclassified. No geographic differences regarding smoking status, caffeine intake, use of oral contraceptives, or number of first-degree relatives with IBD were found. Sugar intake was higher in CD and UC patients from Eastern Europe than in Western Europe while fibre intake was lower (p<0.01). Daily consumption of fast food as well as appendectomy before the age of 20 was more frequent in Eastern European than in Western European UC patients (p<0.01). Eastern European CD and UC patients had received more vaccinations and experienced fewer childhood infections than Western European patients (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this European population-based inception cohort of unselected IBD patients, Eastern and Western European patients differed in environmental factors prior to diagnosis. Eastern European patients exhibited higher occurrences of suspected risk factors for IBD included in the Western lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burisch
- Digestive Disease Centre, Medical Section, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - N Pedersen
- Digestive Disease Centre, Medical Section, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Cukovic-Cavka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Turk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - D Duricova
- IBD Center ISCARE, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Bortlik
- IBD Center ISCARE, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Shonová
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - I Vind
- Department of Medicine, Amager Hospital, Amager, Denmark
| | - S Avnstrøm
- Department of Medicine, Amager Hospital, Amager, Denmark
| | - N Thorsgaard
- Department of Medicine, Herning Central Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - S Krabbe
- Medical Department, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - V Andersen
- Medical Department, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark; Organ Centre, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa, Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J F Dahlerup
- Department of Medicine V (Hepatology and Gastroenterology), Aarhus University Hospital, Arhus, Denmark
| | - J Kjeldsen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - R Salupere
- Division of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Olsen
- Medical Department, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - K R Nielsen
- Medical Department, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - P Manninen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - P Collin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - K H Katsanos
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine and Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - E V Tsianos
- 1st Division of Internal Medicine and Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital, Ioannina, Greece
| | - K Ladefoged
- Medical Department, Dronning Ingrids Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - L Lakatos
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Ragnarsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - E Björnsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Y Bailey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C O'Morain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Schwartz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - S Odes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - M Giannotta
- Gastroenterology Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - G Girardin
- U.O. Gastroenterologia, Azienda Ospedaliera - Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - G Kiudelis
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - L Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - S Turcan
- Department of Gastroenterology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - L Barros
- Hospital de Vale de Sousa, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Magro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Oporto Medical School, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - D Lazar
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine 'Victor Babes', Timisoara, Romania
| | - A Goldis
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine 'Victor Babes', Timisoara, Romania
| | - I Nikulina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E Belousova
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D Martinez-Ares
- Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - V Hernandez
- Gastroenterology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - S Almer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterology/UHL, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Y Zhulina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - J Halfvarson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden; School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - N Arebi
- St. Mark's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H H Tsai
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hull and York Medical School, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - S Sebastian
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Hull and York Medical School, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - P L Lakatos
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Langholz
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Munkholm
- Digestive Disease Centre, Medical Section, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Diethelm K, Huybrechts I, Moreno L, De Henauw S, Manios Y, Beghin L, González-Gross M, Le Donne C, Cuenca-García M, Castillo MJ, Widhalm K, Patterson E, Kersting M. Nutrient intake of European adolescents: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:486-97. [PMID: 23472739 PMCID: PMC10282303 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An adequate nutritional intake in childhood and adolescence is crucial for growth and the prevention of youth and adult obesity and nutrition-related morbidities. Improving nutrient intake in children and adolescents is of public health importance. The purpose of the present study was to describe and evaluate the nutrient intake in a European sample using the D-A-CH nutrient intake recommendations and the Nutritional Quality Index (NQI). DESIGN The HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study is a cross-sectional study, the main objective of which is to obtain comparable data on a variety of nutritional and health-related parameters in adolescents aged 12·5-17·5 years. SETTING Eight cities in Europe. SUBJECTS The initial sample consisted of 3528 European adolescents. Among these, 1590 adolescents (54% female) had sufficient and plausible dietary data on energy and nutrient intakes from two 24 h recalls using the HELENA-DIAT software. RESULTS The intakes of most macronutrients, vitamins and minerals were in line with the D-A-CH recommendations. While the intakes of SFA and salt were too high, the intake of PUFA was too low. Furthermore, the intakes of vitamin D, folate, iodine and F were less than about 55% of the recommendations. The median NQI was about 71 (of a maximum of 100). CONCLUSIONS The intakes of most nutrients were adequate. However, further studies using suitable criteria to assess nutrient status are needed. Public health initiatives should educate children and adolescents regarding balanced food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Diethelm
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis Moreno
- Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Health Sciences, Vesalius Hogeschool Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Laurent Beghin
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Lille, Lille, France
- Unité Inserm U995 & Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences – INEF, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cinzia Le Donne
- National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Manuel J Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emma Patterson
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Heinstueck 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany
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Tornaritis MJ, Philippou E, Hadjigeorgiou C, Kourides YA, Panayi A, Savva SC. A study of the dietary intake of Cypriot children and adolescents aged 6-18 years and the association of mother's educational status and children's weight status on adherence to nutritional recommendations. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:13. [PMID: 24400785 PMCID: PMC3909376 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A balanced diet is fundamental for healthy growth and development of children. The aim of this study was to document and evaluate the dietary intake of Cypriot children aged 6-18 years (y) against recommendations, and to determine whether maternal education and children's weight status are associated with adherence to recommendations. METHODS The dietary intake of a random sample of 1414 Cypriot children was assessed using a 3-day food diary. Adherence to recommendations was estimated and the association of their mother's education and their own weight status on adherence were explored. RESULTS A large percentage of children consumed less than the minimum of 45% energy (en) of carbohydrate (18.4%-66.5% in different age groups) and exceeded the recommended intakes of total fat (42.4%-83.8%), saturated fatty acids (90.4%-97.1%) and protein (65.2%-82.7%), while almost all (94.7%-100%) failed to meet the recommended fibre intake. Additionally, a large proportion of children (27.0%-59.0%) consumed >300 mg/day cholesterol and exceeded the upper limit of sodium (47.5%-78.5%). In children aged 9.0-13.9y, there was a high prevalence of inadequacy for magnesium (85.0%-89.9%), in girls aged 14.0-18.9y, of Vitamin A (25.3%), Vitamin B6 (21.0%) and iron (25.3%) and in boys of the same group, of Vitamin A (35.8%). Children whose mother was more educated were more likely to consume >15%en from protein, Odds Ratio (OR) 1.85 (95% CI:1.13-3.03) for mothers with tertiary education and exceed the consumption of 300 mg/day cholesterol (OR 2.13 (95% CI:1.29-3.50) and OR 1.84 (95% CI:1.09-3.09) for mothers with secondary and tertiary education respectively). Children whose mothers were more educated, were less likely to have Vitamin B1 (p<0.05) and Vitamin B6 intakes below the EAR (p < 0.05 for secondary school and p < 0.001 for College/University) and iron intake below the AI (p < 0.001). Overweight/obese children were more likely to consume >15%en protein (OR 1.85 (95% CI:1.26-2.71) and have a < Adequate Intake of calcium (OR 1.85 (95% CI:1.11-3.06)). CONCLUSION Cypriot children consume a low quality diet. Maternal education and children's own weight status are associated with children's adherence to recommendations. Public health policies need to be evaluated to improve dietary quality and reduce disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Tornaritis
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, 138 Limassol Ave, 2015 Strovolos, Cyprus
- Pedagogical Institute of Cyprus, 40, Macedonia Ave, 2238 Latsia, Cyprus
| | - Elena Philippou
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, 138 Limassol Ave, 2015 Strovolos, Cyprus
| | | | - Yiannis A Kourides
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, 138 Limassol Ave, 2015 Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Adamos Panayi
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, 138 Limassol Ave, 2015 Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Savvas C Savva
- Research and Education Institute of Child Health, 138 Limassol Ave, 2015 Strovolos, Cyprus
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Hoppu U, Isolauri E, Koskinen P, Laitinen K. Diet and blood lipids in 1-4 year-old children. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:980-986. [PMID: 23182924 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Early nutrition may programme blood lipid levels and thereby later cardiovascular health of children. The objective here was to evaluate the effects of maternal dietary counselling during pregnancy and breastfeeding on dietary intakes and blood lipid values in 1-4 year-old children. Further, the nutritional determinants of children's lipid profiles were assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS Mothers were randomised into dietary counselling or control groups at the first trimester of pregnancy. Their children were followed up clinically at 1, 2 and 4 years of age, by three-day food records and analyses of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and B as well as lipoprotein (a). In general, the mean intake of saturated fatty acids as a proportion of total energy intake (E%) was higher than the recommended, while the mean intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was low in children's diet. Over the first years, girls had higher concentration of non-HDL cholesterol than boys; 2.64 mmol/l (95% CI 2.54-2.74) vs. 2.49 (2.38-2.60); p = 0.038. Maternal dietary counselling was not reflected in the children's lipid values. Children's monounsaturated fatty acid intake (E%) correlated with apoA-I (p = 0.048) and, furthermore, there was a negative correlation between polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (E%) and apoB (p = 0.046). CONCLUSION Children's dietary fatty acid intake, but not maternal dietary counselling was shown to be related to blood apolipoproteins in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hoppu
- Functional Foods Forum, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Hebestreit A, Börnhorst C, Barba G, Siani A, Huybrechts I, Tognon G, Eiben G, Moreno LA, Fernández Alvira JM, Loit HM, Kovacs E, Tornaritis M, Krogh V. Associations between energy intake, daily food intake and energy density of foods and BMI z-score in 2-9-year-old European children. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:673-81. [PMID: 24061347 PMCID: PMC3925293 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between proxy-reported energy intake, daily food intake and energy density of foods and body mass index (BMI) z-score in 2-9-year-old European children. METHODS From 16,225 children who participated in the identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants (IDEFICS) baseline examination, 9,782 children with 24-h proxy dietary information and complete covariate information were included in the analysis. Participating children were classified according to adapted Goldberg cutoffs: underreports, plausible energy reports and overreports. Energy intake, daily food intake and energy density of foods excluding noncaloric beverages were calculated for all eating occasions. Effect of energy intake, daily food intake and energy density of foods on BMI z-score was investigated using multilevel regression models in the full sample and subsample of plausible energy reports. Exposure variables were included separately; daily food intake and energy intake were addressed in a combined model to check for interactions. RESULTS In the group of plausible energy reports (N = 8,544), energy intake and daily food intake were significantly positively associated with BMI z-score. Energy density of foods was not associated with BMI z-score. In the model including energy intake, food intake and an interaction term, only energy intake showed a significantly positive effect on BMI z-score. In the full sample (N = 9,782), only energy intake was significantly but negatively associated with BMI z-score. CONCLUSION Proxy-reporters are subject to misreporting, especially for children in the higher BMI levels. Energy intake is a more important predictor of unhealthy weight development in children than daily food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hebestreit
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiologic Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS GmbH, Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany,
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Wang G, Feng X, Yu X, Xu X, Wang D, Yang H, Shi X. Prognostic value of blood zinc, iron, and copper levels in critically ill children with pediatric risk of mortality score III. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 152:300-4. [PMID: 23389847 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the association of blood Zn, Fe, and Cu concentrations and changes in the pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) score in critically ill children, to predict prognosis. We included 31 children (22 boys and 9 girls, 1 month to 5 years old), who had been admitted to the intensive care unit of our hospital and who were critically ill according to PRISM score of III. Another 20 children (12 boys, 8 girls, 3 months to 5 years old) who were brought to the hospital for a health checkup were included as controls. We recorded clinical data, time in the intensive care unit, prognosis, and PRISM III score for critically ill children. Blood Cu, Zn, and Fe values were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry. Zn and Fe levels were significantly lower in patients than in controls (all p < 0.05). Cu levels differed between patients and controls, but not significantly (p > 0.05). In ill children, blood Zn and Fe concentrations were inversely correlated with PRISM III score (Zn: r = -0.36; Fe: r = -0.50, both p < 0.05), with no significant correlation of blood Cu level and PRISM III score (r = -0.13, p > 0.05). Serious illness in children may lead to decreased Zn and Fe blood concentrations. Zn and Fe supplements may be beneficial for critically ill children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghuan Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Hoevenaars FPM, Keijer J, Swarts HJ, Snaas-Alders S, Bekkenkamp-Grovenstein M, van Schothorst EM. Effects of dietary history on energy metabolism and physiological parameters in C57BL/6J mice. Exp Physiol 2012; 98:1053-62. [PMID: 23243145 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.069518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding body weight regulation is essential to fight obesity. Mouse studies, using different types of diets, showed conflicting results in terms of body weight persistence after changing from an ad libitum high-fat diet to an ad libitum low-fat diet. In this study, we questioned specifically whether the energy content of the diet has a lasting effect on energy balance and body weight, using multiple switches and two purified diets with a different fat-to-sugar ratio, but otherwise identical ingredients. Young-adult obesity-prone male C57BL/6J mice were fed single or double switches of semi-purified diets with either 10 energy % (en%) fat (LF) or 40en% fat (HF), with starch replaced by fat, while protein content remained equal. After none, one or two dietary changes, energy metabolism was assessed at 5, 14 and 19 weeks. We observed no systematic continuous compensation in diet and energy intake when returning to LF after HF consumption. Body weight, white adipose tissue mass and histology, serum metabolic parameters, energy expenditure and substrate usage all significantly reflected the current diet intake, independent of dietary changes. This contrasts with studies that used diets with different ingredients and showed persistent effects of dietary history on body weight, suggesting diet-dependent metabolic set points. We conclude that body weight and metabolic parameters 'settle', based on current energetic input and output. This study also highlights the importance of considering the choice of diet in physiological and metabolic intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke P M Hoevenaars
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, PO Box 338, 6700AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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González-Gross M, Benser J, Breidenassel C, Albers U, Huybrechts I, Valtueña J, Spinneker A, Segoviano M, Widhalm K, Molnar D, Moreno LA, Stehle P, Pietrzik K. Gender and age influence blood folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and homocysteine levels in European adolescents: the Helena Study. Nutr Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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McAfee AJ, Mulhern MS, McSorley EM, Wallace JMW, Bonham MP, Faure J, Romain S, Esther C, Shamlaye CF, Watson GE, Myers GJ, Clarkson TW, Davidson PW, Strain JJ. Intakes and adequacy of potentially important nutrients for cognitive development among 5-year-old children in the Seychelles Child Development and Nutrition Study. Public Health Nutr 2012; 15:1670-7. [PMID: 22321870 PMCID: PMC3654211 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001200016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the nutritional adequacy of Seychellois children in relation to nutrients reported to be important for cognitive development. DESIGN Dietary intakes were assessed by 4 d weighed food diaries and analysed using dietary analysis software (WISP version 3·0; Tinuviel Software, UK). Individual nutrient intakes were adjusted to usual intakes and, in order to investigate adequacy, were compared with the UK Estimated Average Requirements for children aged 4-6 years. SETTING Children 5 years old were followed up as part of the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study (SCDNS), located in the high-fish-consuming population of Mahé, Republic of Seychelles. SUBJECTS Analysis was carried out on a sample of 229 children (118 boys, 111 girls). RESULTS Children consumed a diet of which fortified cereal and milk products contributed the most to nutrient intakes. The majority (≥80 %) of children met requirements for several nutrients important for child development including Fe, folate and Se. Adjusted dietary intakes of Cu, Zn, iodine, niacin and vitamin A were below the Estimated Average Requirement or Recommended Nutrient Intake. Mean adjusted energy intakes (boys 4769 kJ/d (1139·84 kcal/d), girls 4759 kJ/d (1137·43 kcal/d)) were lower than the estimated energy requirement (boys 5104 kJ/d (1220 kcal/d), girls 5042 kJ/d (1205 kcal/d)) for 88 % of boys and 86 % of girls. CONCLUSIONS Nutrition was adequate for most children within the SCDNS cohort. Low intakes of some nutrients (including Zn, niacin and vitamin A) could reflect nutritional database inaccuracies, but may require further investigation. The study provides valuable information on the adequacy of intakes of nutrients which could affect the growth and development of Seychellois children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J McAfee
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
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