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Bresson SE, Ruzzin J. Persistent organic pollutants disrupt the oxidant/antioxidant balance of INS-1E pancreatic β-cells causing their physiological dysfunctions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108821. [PMID: 38885551 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have emerged as potent diabetogenic agents, but their mechanisms of action remain poorly identified. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aim to determine the mechanisms regulating the damaging effects of POPs in pancreatic β-cells, which have a central role in the development of diabetes. METHODS We treated INS-1E pancreatic β-cells with PCB-153, p,p'-DDE, PCB-126, or TCDD at doses ranging from 1 × 10-15to 5 × 10-6M. We measured insulin content and secretion, cell viability and assessed the mRNA expression of the xenobiotic nuclear receptors Nr1i2 and Nr1i3, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr). In addition, we evaluated the antioxidant defense and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, we studied the ability of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to counteract the effects of POPs in INS-1E cells. RESULTS When exposed to environmental POP levels, INS-1E cells had impaired production and secretion of insulin. These defects were observed for all tested POPs and were paralleled by reduced Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA expression. While POP treatment for 3 days did not affect INS-1E cell viability, longer treatment progressively killed the cells. Furthermore, we found that the xenobiotic detoxification machinery is poorly expressed in the INS-1E cells, as characterized by the absence of Nr1i2 and Nr1i3 and their respective downstream targets Cyp3a1/Cyp3a2 and Cyp2b1/Cyp2b3, and the weak functionality of the Ahr/Cyp1a1 signaling. Interestingly, POPs dysregulated key antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidases, peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins, and catalases. In parallel, the production of intracellular ROS, including superoxide anion (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), was increased by POP exposure. Improving the oxidant scavenging capacity of INS-1E cells by NAC treatment restored the production and secretion of insulin. CONCLUSION By promoting oxidative stress and impairing the ability of INS-1E cells to produce and secrete insulin, this study reveals how POPs can mechanistically act as diabetogenic agents, and provides new scientific evidence supporting the concept that POPs are fueling the diabetes epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Emilie Bresson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jérôme Ruzzin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Huang RG, Li XB, Wang YY, Wu H, Li KD, Jin X, Du YJ, Wang H, Qian FY, Li BZ. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and autoimmune diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116222. [PMID: 37224951 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) widely exist in people's production and life which have great potential to damage human and animal health. Over the past few decades, growing attention has been paid to the impact of EDCs on human health, as well as immune system. So far, researchers have proved that EDCs (such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalate, tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), etc.) affect human immune function and promotes the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases (ADs). Therefore, in order to better understand how EDCs affect ADs, we summarized the current knowledge about the impact of EDCs on ADs, and elaborated the potential mechanism of the impact of EDCs on ADs in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Gui Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Bao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kai-Di Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Jie Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Bao-Zhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Critical Overview on Endocrine Disruptors in Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054537. [PMID: 36901966 PMCID: PMC10003192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in all countries due to its high human and economic burden. Major metabolic alterations are associated with the chronic hyperglycemia that characterizes diabetes and causes devastating complications, including retinopathy, kidney failure, coronary disease and increased cardiovascular mortality. The most common form is type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounting for 90 to 95% of the cases. These chronic metabolic disorders are heterogeneous to which genetic factors contribute, but so do prenatal and postnatal life environmental factors including a sedentary lifestyle, overweight, and obesity. However, these classical risk factors alone cannot explain the rapid evolution of the prevalence of T2D and the high prevalence of type 1 diabetes in particular areas. Among environmental factors, we are in fact exposed to a growing amount of chemical molecules produced by our industries or by our way of life. In this narrative review, we aim to give a critical overview of the role of these pollutants that can interfere with our endocrine system, the so-called endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), in the pathophysiology of diabetes and metabolic disorders.
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Predieri B, Bruzzi P, Bigi E, Ciancia S, Madeo SF, Lucaccioni L, Iughetti L. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082937. [PMID: 32331412 PMCID: PMC7215452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the most common chronic metabolic disease in children and adolescents. The etiology of T1D is not fully understood but it seems multifactorial. The genetic background determines the predisposition to develop T1D, while the autoimmune process against β-cells seems to be also determined by environmental triggers, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Environmental EDCs may act throughout different temporal windows as single chemical agent or as chemical mixtures. They could affect the development and the function of the immune system or of the β-cells function, promoting autoimmunity and increasing the susceptibility to autoimmune attack. Human studies evaluating the potential role of exposure to EDCs on the pathogenesis of T1D are few and demonstrated contradictory results. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize experimental and epidemiological studies on the potential role of exposure to EDCs in the development of T1D. We highlight what we know by animals about EDCs’ effects on mechanisms leading to T1D development and progression. Studies evaluating the EDC levels in patients with T1D were also reported. Moreover, we discussed why further studies are needed and how they should be designed to better understand the causal mechanisms and the next prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Predieri
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.I.)
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults—University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-422-5217
| | - Patrizia Bruzzi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics—AOU Policlinic of Modena, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (P.B.); (S.F.M.)
| | - Elena Bigi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.I.)
| | - Silvia Ciancia
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults—University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Simona F. Madeo
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics—AOU Policlinic of Modena, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (P.B.); (S.F.M.)
| | - Laura Lucaccioni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.I.)
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mothers, Children and Adults—University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy;
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Butalia S, Kaplan GG, Khokhar B, Haubrich S, Rabi DM. The Challenges of Identifying Environmental Determinants of Type 1 Diabetes: In Search of the Holy Grail. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4885-4895. [PMID: 33328748 PMCID: PMC7734044 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s275080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is the result of autoimmune-mediated destruction and inflammation of the insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreas. The excess morbidity and mortality from its complications coupled with its increasing incidence emphasize the importance to better understand the etiology of this condition. It has a strong genetic component, but a genetic predisposition is not the sole contributor to disease development as only 30% to 50% of identical twins both develop the disease. In addition, there are multiple lines of evidence to support that environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Environmental risk factors that have been proposed include infections, dietary factors, air pollution, vaccines, location of residence, childhood obesity, family environment and stress. Researchers have conducted many observational studies to identify and characterize these potential environmental factors, but findings have been inconsistent or inconclusive. Many studies have had inherent methodological issues in recruitment, participation, defining cases and exposures, and/or data analysis which may limit the interpretability of findings. Identifying and addressing these limitations may allow for greatly needed advances in our understanding of type 1 diabetes. As such, the purpose of this article is to review and discuss the limitations of observational studies that aim to determine environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes and propose recommendations to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Butalia
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Correspondence: Sonia ButaliaDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Richmond Road Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, 1820 Richmond Road SW, Calgary, AlbertaT2T 5C7, CanadaTel +1 403-955-8327Fax +1 403-955-8249 Email
| | - Gilaad G Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bushra Khokhar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sydney Haubrich
- Ward of the 21st Century, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Doreen M Rabi
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Sarkar D, Joshi D, Singh SK. Maternal BDE-209 exposure during lactation causes testicular and epididymal toxicity through increased oxidative stress in peripubertal mice offspring. Toxicol Lett 2019; 311:66-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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7
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Salo HM, Koponen J, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Honkanen J, Härkönen T, Ilonen J, Virtanen SM, Tillmann V, Knip M, Vaarala O. No evidence of the role of early chemical exposure in the development of β-cell autoimmunity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1370-1378. [PMID: 30426368 PMCID: PMC6331740 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals can modulate the developing immune system, but its role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is largely unexplored. Our objective was to study the levels of circulating concentrations of environmental pollutants during the first years of life and their associations with the later risk of diabetes-predictive autoantibodies. From two birth-cohort studies including newborn infants with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (FINDIA and DIABIMMUNE), we identified case children with at least one biochemical diabetes-associated autoantibody (n = 30-40) and from one to four autoantibody-negative controls per each case child matched for age, gender, diabetes-related HLA-risk, delivery hospital, and, in FINDIA, also dietary intervention group. Plasma levels of 13 persistent organic pollutants and 14 per- and polyfluorinated substances were analyzed in cord blood and plasma samples taken at the age of 12 and 48 months. Both breastfeeding and the geographical living environment showed association with circulating concentrations of some of the chemicals. Breastfeeding-adjusted conditional logistic regression model showed association between decreased plasma HBC concentration at 12-month-old children and the appearance of diabetes-associated autoantibodies (HR, 0.989; 95% Cl, 0.978-1.000; P = 0.048). No association was found between the plasma chemical levels and the development of clinical type 1 diabetes. Our results do not support the view that exposure to the studied environmental chemicals during fetal life or early childhood is a significant risk factor for later development of β-cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri M Salo
- Scientific Laboratory, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jani Koponen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarno Honkanen
- Scientific Laboratory, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Härkönen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Science Centre, Pirkanmaa Hospital District and Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu and Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikael Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Scientific Laboratory, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Zhou T, Kim TW, Chong CN, Tan L, Amin S, Sadat Badieyan Z, Mukherjee S, Ghazizadeh Z, Zeng H, Guo M, Crespo M, Zhang T, Kenyon R, Robinson CL, Apostolou E, Wang H, Xiang JZ, Evans T, Studer L, Chen S. A hPSC-based platform to discover gene-environment interactions that impact human β-cell and dopamine neuron survival. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4815. [PMID: 30446643 PMCID: PMC6240096 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Common disorders, including diabetes and Parkinson’s disease, are caused by a combination of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. However, defining the mechanisms underlying gene-environment interactions has been challenging due to the lack of a suitable experimental platform. Using pancreatic β-like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we discovered that a commonly used pesticide, propargite, induces pancreatic β-cell death, a pathological hallmark of diabetes. Screening a panel of diverse hPSC-derived cell types we extended this observation to a similar susceptibility in midbrain dopamine neurons, a cell type affected in Parkinson’s disease. We assessed gene-environment interactions using isogenic hPSC lines for genetic variants associated with diabetes and Parkinson’s disease. We found GSTT1−/− pancreatic β-like cells and dopamine neurons were both hypersensitive to propargite-induced cell death. Our study identifies an environmental chemical that contributes to human β-cell and dopamine neuron loss and validates a novel hPSC-based platform for determining gene-environment interactions. Diseases such as diabetes and Parkinson's manifest based on interactions between genes and environment. Here, the authors find among a panel of cell types that propargite, a common pesticide, induces pancreatic β-cell and dopamine neuron death and that loss of the gene GSTT1 confers hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Chi Nok Chong
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA.,School of Public health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Sadaf Amin
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Zohreh Sadat Badieyan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Suranjit Mukherjee
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Zaniar Ghazizadeh
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Crespo
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Reyn Kenyon
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Christopher L Robinson
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Effie Apostolou
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jenny Zhaoying Xiang
- Genomic Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, 10065, USA. .,Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, 10065, NY, USA.
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9
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Edwards TM, Hamlin HJ, Freymiller H, Green S, Thurman J, Guillette LJ. Nitrate induces a type 1 diabetic profile in alligator hatchlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:767-775. [PMID: 28942280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects 1 in 300 children by age 18. T1D is caused by inflammation-induced loss of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, leading to high blood glucose and a host of downstream complications. Although multiple genes are associated with T1D risk, only 5% of genetically susceptible individuals actually develop clinical disease. Moreover, a growing number of T1D cases occur in geographic clusters and among children with low risk genotypes. These observations suggest that environmental factors contribute to T1D etiology. One potential factor, supported primarily by epidemiological studies, is the presence of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water. To test this hypothesis, female hatchling alligators were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of nitrate in their tank water (reference, 10mg/L, or 100mg/L NO3-N) from hatch through 5 weeks or 5 months of age. At each time point, endpoints related to T1D were investigated: plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, testosterone, estradiol, and thyroxine; pancreas, fat body, and thyroid weights; weight gain or loss; presence of immune cells in the pancreas; and pancreatic beta cell number, assessed by antibody staining of nkx6.1 protein. Internal dosing of nitrate was confirmed by measuring plasma and urine nitrate levels and whole blood methemoglobin. Cluster analysis indicated that high nitrate exposure (most animals exposed to 100mg/L NO3-N and one alligator exposed to 10mg/L NO3-N) induced a profile of endpoints consistent with early T1D that could be detected after 5 weeks and was more strongly present after 5 months. Our study supports epidemiological data correlating elevated nitrate with T1D onset in humans, and highlights nitrate as a possible environmental contributor to the etiology of T1D, possibly through its role as a nitric oxide precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea M Edwards
- Department of Biology, University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA.
| | - Heather J Hamlin
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Haley Freymiller
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stephen Green
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - Jenna Thurman
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Louis J Guillette
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Marine Biomedicine & Environmental Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
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Persistent Threats by Persistent Pollutants: Chemical Nature, Concerns and Future Policy Regarding PCBs-What Are We Heading For? TOXICS 2017; 6:toxics6010001. [PMID: 29267240 PMCID: PMC5874774 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated sites around the world affect human health for many years, showing long latency periods of health effects. The impact of the different PCB congeners on human health should not be underestimated, as they are ubiquitous, stable molecules and reactive in biological tissues, leading to neurological, endocrine, genetic, and systemic adverse effects in the human body. Moreover, bioaccumulation of these compounds in fatty tissues of animals (e.g., fish and mammals) and in soils/sediments, results in chronic exposure to these substances. Efficient destruction methods are important to decontaminate polluted sites worldwide. This paper provides an in-depth overview of (i) the history and accidents with PCBs in the 20th century, (ii) the mechanisms that are responsible for the hazardous effects of PCBs, and (iii) the current policy regarding PCB control and decontamination. Contemporary impacts on human health of historical incidents are discussed next to an up to date overview of the health effects caused by PCBs and their mechanisms. Methods to decontaminate sites are reviewed. Steps which lead to a policy of banning the production and distribution of PCBs are overviewed in a context of preventing future accidents and harm to the environment and human health.
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Zullo A, Sommese L, Nicoletti G, Donatelli F, Mancini FP, Napoli C. Epigenetics and type 1 diabetes: mechanisms and translational applications. Transl Res 2017; 185:85-93. [PMID: 28552218 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an irreversible degenerative disease with severe complications such as heart disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Although exogenous insulin administration is a life-saving therapy, it does not cure the disease. This review addresses the epigenetic mechanisms responsible for the development of T1D and discusses epigenetic-based strategies for prevention and treatment of the disease. We describe novel epigenetic biomarkers for the identification of susceptible individuals and the establishment of innovative therapies with epidrugs and cell therapy to regenerate the lost β-cells. Despite the wealth of promising data regarding the potential benefits of epigenetic tools to reduce the burden of T1D, clinical trials are still very few, and this issue needs to be resolved in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Sommese
- U.O.C. Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Donatelli
- Cardiovascular Department, Chair of Cardiosurgery, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco P Mancini
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
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Suh KS, Choi EM, Rhee SY, Oh S, Kim SW, Pak YK, Choe W, Ha J, Chon S. Tetrabromobisphenol A induces cellular damages in pancreatic β-cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:624-631. [PMID: 28301301 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1294964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a well-known organobrominated flame retardant. TBBPA has been detected in the environment. The roles played by environmental pollutants in increasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome are attracting increasing concern. In the present work, we investigated the effects of TBBPA on rat pancreatic β-cells (the RIN-m5F cell line). RIN-m5F cells were incubated with different concentrations of TBBPA for 48 h, and cell viability and the extent of apoptosis were determined. We also measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cardiolipin, as well as the extent of cytochrome c release from mitochondria. TBBPA reduced the ATP level, induced cardiolipin peroxidation and cytochrome c release, and triggered apoptotic cell death. Moreover, TBBPA increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), nitric oxide, intracellular ROS, and mitochondrial superoxide. Together, our results indicate that TBBPA damages pancreatic β-cells by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoon Oh
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Kim
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- b Department of Physiology , Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Mendivil CO, Toloza FJK, Ricardo-Silgado ML, Morales-Álvarez MC, Mantilla-Rivas JO, Pinzón-Cortés JA, Lemus HN. Antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase and indices of insulin resistance and insulin secretion in nondiabetic adults: a cross-sectional study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2017; 10:179-185. [PMID: 28507444 PMCID: PMC5428762 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s137216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmunity against insulin-producing beta cells from pancreatic islets is a common phenomenon in type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Some reports have also related beta-cell autoimmunity to insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes. However, the extent to which autoimmunity against components of beta cells is present and relates to IR and insulin secretion in nondiabetic adults is uncertain. AIM To explore the association between antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), a major antigen from beta cells, and indices of whole-body IR and beta-cell capacity/insulin secretion in adults who do not have diabetes. METHODS We studied 81 adults of both sexes aged 30-70, without known diabetes or any autoimmune disease. Participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with determination of plasma glucose and insulin at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. From these results we calculated indices of insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] and incremental area under the insulin curve [iAUCins]) and insulin secretion (corrected insulin response at 30 minutes and HOMA beta-cell%). GADAs were measured in fasting plasma using immunoenzymatic methods. RESULTS We found an overall prevalence of GADA positivity of 21.3%, without differences by sex and no correlation with age. GADA titers did not change monotonically across quartiles of any of the IR or insulin secretion indices studies. GADA did not correlate linearly with fasting IR expressed as HOMA-IR (Spearman's r=-0.18, p=0.10) or postabsorptive IR expressed as iAUCins (r=-0.15, p=0.18), but did show a trend toward a negative correlation with insulin secretory capacity expressed by the HOMA-beta cell% index (r=-0.20, p=0.07). Hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, and waist circumference were not associated with GADA titers. CONCLUSION GADA positivity is frequent and likely related to impaired beta-cell function among adults without known diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos O Mendivil
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes
- Section of Endocrinology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
- Correspondence: Carlos O Mendivil, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Medicina, Carrera 7 # 116–05, Of. 413, Bogotá, Colombia, Tel +57 321 373 5051, Email
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Abstract
Millions of pounds of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds have been produced in multiple countries for industrial applications over the last several decades. PCB exposure induces various adverse health effects in animals and humans. Environmental and occupational exposures to PCBs have been associated with liver, kidney, endocrine, and neurodevelopmental adverse effects. We have collected and reviewed animal and human data cited in the US National Library of Medicine from 2000 to 2010. In brief, our review shows new evidence, that is, in animal studies, exposure to one of the PCBs, A1221, induces a significant alteration of serum luteinizing hormone. The effects were more profound in the F2 generation, particularly with respect to fluctuations in hormones and reproductive tract tissues across the estrous cycle. Morphological analyses of brain tissue from rats exposed to A1254 confirmed the results of an earlier work which showed that the relative size of the intra- and infrapyramidal (II-P) mossy fibers was smaller than that in the controls and also reduction in growth was selective for the II-P mossy fibers. PCB exposure increased anogenital distance and prostate size but decreased epididymal weight, epididymal sperm count, and motile epididymal sperm count. No effects were observed on testicular weight or size. The epidemiological data showed an association between diabetes mellitus prevalence and elevated concentrations of PCB 153. Additionally, prenatal PCB exposure studies were associated with a smaller thymic index at birth and could adversely affect immune responses to childhood vaccinations and resistance to respiratory infections. PCB exposure was also reported to adversely affect enamel development in children in a dose-dependent manner. Because PCBs and their metabolites are potential health hazards, understanding the risk factors associated with individual PCBs, PCB mixtures, and PCB metabolites is important. PCB exposures of vulnerable populations (pregnant women, fetuses, infants, and children) are of particular concern because of heightened sensitivity during this period of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Faroon
- Division of Toxicology & Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patricia Ruiz
- Division of Toxicology & Human Health Sciences, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia
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Kuiper J, Moran M, Cetkovic-Cvrlje M. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl-153 decreases incidence of autoimmune Type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:850-860. [DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2016.1213333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Kuiper
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, USA
- Laboratory for Immunology, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, USA
| | - Michelle Moran
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, USA
| | - Marina Cetkovic-Cvrlje
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, USA
- Laboratory for Immunology, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, USA
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Aminov Z, Haase R, Rej R, Schymura MJ, Santiago-Rivera A, Morse G, DeCaprio A, Carpenter DO. Diabetes Prevalence in Relation to Serum Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Congener Groups and Three Chlorinated Pesticides in a Native American Population. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1376-83. [PMID: 27035469 PMCID: PMC5010411 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1509902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is known to increase risk of diabetes. OBJECTIVE To determine which POPs are most associated with prevalence of diabetes in 601 Akwesasne Native Americans. METHODS Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between quartiles of concentrations of 101 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners, congener groups and three chlorinated pesticides [dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and mirex] with diabetes. In Model 1, the relationship between quartiles of exposure and diabetes were adjusted only for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and total serum lipids. Model 2 included additional adjustment for either total PCBs or total pesticides. RESULTS Total serum PCB and pesticide concentrations were each significantly associated with prevalence of diabetes when adjusted only for covariates (Model 1), but neither showed a significant OR for highest to lowest quartiles after additional adjustment for the other (Model 2). When applying Model 2 to PCB congener groups and individual pesticides, there were significant omnibus differences between the four quartiles (all ps < 0.042) for most groups, with the exception of penta- and hexachlorobiphenyls, DDE and mirex. However, when comparing highest to lowest quartiles only non- and mono-ortho PCBs [OR = 4.55 (95% CI: 1.48, 13.95)], tri- and tetrachloro PCBs [OR = 3.66 (95% CI: 1.37, -9.78)] and HCB [OR = 2.64 (95% CI: 1.05, 6.61)] showed significant associations with diabetes. Among the non- and mono-ortho congeners, highest to lowest quartile of dioxin TEQs was not significant [OR = 1.82 (95% CI: 0.61, 5.40)] but the OR for the non-dioxin-like congeners was [OR = 5.01 (95% CI: 1.76, 14.24)]. CONCLUSION The associations with diabetes after adjustment for other POPs were strongest with the more volatile, non-dioxin-like, low-chlorinated PCB congeners and HCB. Because low-chlorinated congeners are more volatile, these observations suggest that inhalation of vapor-phase PCBs is an important route of exposure. CITATION Aminov Z, Haase R, Rej R, Schymura MJ, Santiago-Rivera A, Morse G, DeCaprio A, Carpenter DO, and the Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment. 2016. Diabetes prevalence in relation to serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener groups and three chlorinated pesticides in a Native American population. Environ Health Perspect 124:1376-1383; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509902.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Aminov
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, State University of New York (SUNY), Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Richard Haase
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, State University of New York (SUNY), Rensselaer, New York, USA
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Robert Rej
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Maria J. Schymura
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Azara Santiago-Rivera
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Gayle Morse
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Anthony DeCaprio
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and
| | - David O. Carpenter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, State University of New York (SUNY), Rensselaer, New York, USA
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Butalia S, Kaplan GG, Khokhar B, Rabi DM. Environmental Risk Factors and Type 1 Diabetes: Past, Present, and Future. Can J Diabetes 2016; 40:586-593. [PMID: 27545597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition that results from the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. The excess morbidity and mortality resulting from its complications, coupled with its increasing incidence, emphasize the importance of better understanding the causes of this condition. Over the past several decades, a substantive amount of work has been done and, although many advances have occurred in identifying disease-susceptibility genes, there has been a lag in understanding the environmental triggers. Several putative environmental risk factors have been proposed, including infections, dietary factors, air pollution, vaccines, location of residence, family environment and stress. However, most of these factors have been inconclusive, thus supporting the need for further study into the causes of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Butalia
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Gilaad G Kaplan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bushra Khokhar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Doreen M Rabi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Cardiac Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Esser A, Schettgen T, Gube M, Koch A, Kraus T. Association between polychlorinated biphenyls and diabetes mellitus in the German HELPcB cohort. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:557-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Leso V, Capitanelli I, Lops EA, Ricciardi W, Iavicoli I. Occupational chemical exposure and diabetes mellitus risk. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 33:222-249. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233715624594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases that may originate from an interaction between genetic and lifestyle risk factors. However, the possible role of occupational chemical exposures in the disease development and progression remains unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the relationship between occupational exposure to specific chemical substances or industrial activities and DM morbidity and mortality outcomes. Although some positive findings may support the diabetogenic role of certain pesticides and dioxins in different workplaces, the variable conditions of exposure, the lack of quantitative environmental or biological monitoring data and the different outcomes evaluated do not allow defining a specific exposure-disease causality. Therefore, further epidemiological studies will be necessary to adequately assess modes of action for different substances, dose–response relationships as well as individual susceptibility factors potentially affecting the exposure-disease continuum. Overall, this appears important to adequately assess, communicate and manage risks in occupational chemical exposure settings with the aim to protect workers and build healthier job conditions for diabetic employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veruscka Leso
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Capitanelli
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika Alessandra Lops
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Turyk M, Fantuzzi G, Persky V, Freels S, Lambertino A, Pini M, Rhodes DH, Anderson HA. Persistent organic pollutants and biomarkers of diabetes risk in a cohort of Great Lakes sport caught fish consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:335-44. [PMID: 25913152 PMCID: PMC4492847 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is associated with increased diabetes risk, although the mechanism of action is not well delineated. METHODS We investigated established diabetes biomarkers that could implicate potential mechanistic pathways, including C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation; gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), a liver enzyme associated with oxidative stress; and adiponectin, an adipokine modulating glucose regulation and fatty acid oxidation. These biomarkers as well as hemoglobin A1c (HA1c), and POPs [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)] were measured in a cohort of Great Lakes sport caught fish (GLSCF) consumers. We examined associations of POPs and fish consumption with HA1c and incident diabetes, and evaluated mediation and moderation by the diabetes biomarkers. RESULTS Odds of incident diabetes were elevated with exposure to DDE and PCBs. DDE and PCB 118 were positively, and fish meals were inversely, associated with HA1c. CRP was inversely associated with saltwater and total fish meals, particularly in persons with higher adiposity, but did not mediate the associations of fish meals with HA1c. There were few associations of POPs with adiponectin, CRP and GGT, with the exception of positive associations of PCB 118 with GGT, PBDEs with GGT in older persons, and PBDEs with adiponectin. Adiponectin, CRP and GGT did not mediate associations of DDE and PCBs with HA1c or incident diabetes. However, the association of DDE with HA1c was stronger in persons with higher CRP, GGT and BMI, and lower adiponectin, while the association of PCB 118 with HA1c was stronger in persons with higher GGT. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that adiponectin, CRP and GGT did not mediate effects of POPs on diabetes or HA1c. However, POPs may have stronger effects on blood glucose in persons at higher risk for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Turyk
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Giamila Fantuzzi
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, 1919 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Victoria Persky
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Sally Freels
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Anissa Lambertino
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Maria Pini
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, 1919 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 872, Paris F-75006, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Davina H Rhodes
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, 1919 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Henry A Anderson
- Wisconsin Division of Public Health, 1 W. Wilson St., Room 150, Madison, WI 53702, United States
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Can exposure to environmental chemicals increase the risk of diabetes type 1 development? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:208947. [PMID: 25883945 PMCID: PMC4391693 DOI: 10.1155/2015/208947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease, where destruction of beta-cells causes insulin deficiency. The incidence of T1DM has increased in the last decades and cannot entirely be explained by genetic predisposition. Several environmental factors are suggested to promote T1DM, like early childhood enteroviral infections and nutritional factors, but the evidence is inconclusive. Prenatal and early life exposure to environmental pollutants like phthalates, bisphenol A, perfluorinated compounds, PCBs, dioxins, toxicants, and air pollutants can have negative effects on the developing immune system, resulting in asthma-like symptoms and increased susceptibility to childhood infections. In this review the associations between environmental chemical exposure and T1DM development is summarized. Although information on environmental chemicals as possible triggers for T1DM is sparse, we conclude that it is plausible that environmental chemicals can contribute to T1DM development via impaired pancreatic beta-cell and immune-cell functions and immunomodulation. Several environmental factors and chemicals could act together to trigger T1DM development in genetically susceptible individuals, possibly via hormonal or epigenetic alterations. Further observational T1DM cohort studies and animal exposure experiments are encouraged.
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Jensen TK, Timmermann AG, Rossing LI, Ried-Larsen M, Grøntved A, Andersen LB, Dalgaard C, Hansen OH, Scheike T, Nielsen F, Grandjean P. Polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and glucose metabolism in 9-year-old Danish children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2643-51. [PMID: 25093617 PMCID: PMC4255114 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated to type 2 diabetes in adults. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether concurrent plasma PCB concentration was associated with markers of glucose metabolism in healthy children. SETTING AND DESIGN Cross-sectional study of 771 healthy Danish third grade school children ages 8-10 years in the municipality of Odense were recruited in 1997 through a two-stage cluster sampling from 25 schools stratified according to location and socioeconomic character; 509 (9.7 ± 0.8 y, 53% girls) had adequate amounts available for PCB analyses. OUTCOME MEASURES Fasting serum glucose and insulin were measured and a homeostasis assessment model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-B) calculated. Plasma PCB congeners and other persistent compounds were measured and ΣPCB calculated. RESULTS PCBs were present in plasma at low concentrations, median, 0.19 μg/g lipid (interquartile range, 0.12-0.31). After adjustment for putative confounding factors, the second, third, fourth, and fifth quintiles of total PCB were significantly inversely associated with serum insulin (-14.6%, -21.7%, -18.9%, -23.1%, P trend < .01), compared with the first quintile, but not with serum glucose (P = .45). HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were affected in the same direction due to the declining insulin levels with increasing PCB exposure. Similar results were found for individual PCB congeners, for βHCB (hexachlorobenzen) and pp-DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene). CONCLUSIONS A strong inverse association between serum insulin and PCB exposure was found while fasting glucose remained within the expected narrow range. Our findings suggest that PCB may not exert effect through decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity, as seen in obese and low-fit children, but rather through a toxicity to β-cells. It remains to be demonstrated whether lower HOMA-B is caused by destruction of β-cell-reducing peripheral insulin resistance and thereby increase fasting glucose as previously found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina K Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine (T.K.J., A.G.T., L.I.R., C.D., F.N., P.G.), Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics (M.R.L., A.G., L.B.A.), Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; and Department of Biostatistics (O.H.H., T.S.), University of Copenhagen, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lee DH, Porta M, Jacobs DR, Vandenberg LN. Chlorinated persistent organic pollutants, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev 2014; 35:557-601. [PMID: 24483949 PMCID: PMC5393257 DOI: 10.1210/er.2013-1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are lipophilic compounds that travel with lipids and accumulate mainly in adipose tissue. Recent human evidence links low-dose POPs to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Because humans are contaminated by POP mixtures and POPs possibly have nonmonotonic dose-response relations with T2D, critical methodological issues arise in evaluating human findings. This review summarizes epidemiological results on chlorinated POPs and T2D, and relevant experimental evidence. It also discusses how features of POPs can affect inferences in humans. The evidence as a whole suggests that, rather than a few individual POPs, background exposure to POP mixtures-including organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls-can increase T2D risk in humans. Inconsistent statistical significance for individual POPs may arise due to distributional differences in POP mixtures among populations. Differences in the observed shape of the dose-response curves among human studies may reflect an inverted U-shaped association secondary to mitochondrial dysfunction or endocrine disruption. Finally, we examine the relationship between POPs and obesity. There is evidence in animal studies that low-dose POP mixtures are obesogenic. However, relationships between POPs and obesity in humans have been inconsistent. Adipose tissue plays a dual role of promoting T2D and providing a relatively safe place to store POPs. Large prospective studies with serial measurements of a broad range of POPs, adiposity, and clinically relevant biomarkers are needed to disentangle the interrelationships among POPs, obesity, and the development of T2D. Also needed are laboratory experiments that more closely mimic real-world POP doses, mixtures, and exposure duration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine (D.-H.L.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science (D.-H.L.), Kyungpook National University, Korea; Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (M.P.), School of Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Division of Epidemiology (D.R.J.), School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Department of Nutrition (D.R.J.), University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway; and University of Massachusetts-Amherst (L.N.V.), School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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Pavuk M, Olson JR, Sjödin A, Wolff P, Turner WE, Shelton C, Dutton ND, Bartell S. Serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in participants of the Anniston Community Health Survey. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 473-474:286-97. [PMID: 24374590 PMCID: PMC4617226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Serum concentrations of 35 ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) were measured in 765 adults from Anniston, Alabama, where PCBs were manufactured between 1929 and 1971. As part of the Anniston Community Health Survey (ACHS), demographic data, questionnaire information, and blood samples were collected from participants in 2005-2007. Forty-six percent of study participants were African-American, 70% were female, and the median age was 56 years. The median concentration of the sum of 35 PCB congeners (ΣPCBs) was 528 ng/g lipid, with a 90th percentile of 2,600 ng/g lipid, minimum of 17.0 ng/g lipid, and maximum of 27,337 ng/g lipid. The least square geometric mean ΣPCBs was more than 2.5 times higher for African-American participants than for White participants (866 ng/g lipid vs. 331 ng/g lipid); this difference did not change materially after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and current smoking. In spite of large differences in absolute PCB levels, relative contributions of individual congeners to ΣPCBs were quite similar between race groups. Nevertheless, while percent contributions to ΣPCBs for most of the most abundant penta- to heptachlorobiphenyls were higher among African-Americans, the percentages were higher in Whites for the lower-chlorinated PCBs 28 and 74 and for octa- to decachlorinated PCBs. No major differences were observed in geometric mean ΣPCBs between women and men when adjusted for age, race, BMI and current smoking (516 ng/g lipid vs. 526 ng/g lipid). Principal component analysis revealed groups of co-varying congeners that appear to be determined by chlorine substitution patterns. These congener groupings were similar between ACHS participants and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-04 sample of the general United States population, despite ACHS participants having serum concentrations of ΣPCBs two to three times higher than those in comparable age and race groups from NHANES.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pavuk
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - J R Olson
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A Sjödin
- National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P Wolff
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - W E Turner
- National Center for Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Shelton
- Jacksonville State University, AL, USA
| | - N D Dutton
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participation Program, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S Bartell
- University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Bodin J, Bølling AK, Becher R, Kuper F, Løvik M, Nygaard UC. Transmaternal bisphenol A exposure accelerates diabetes type 1 development in NOD mice. Toxicol Sci 2013; 137:311-23. [PMID: 24189131 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 1 is an autoimmune disease with a genetic predisposition that is triggered by environmental factors during early life. Epidemiological studies show that bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, has been detected in about 90% of all analyzed human urine samples. In this study, BPA was found to increase the severity of insulitis and the incidence of diabetes in female non obese diabetic (NOD) mice offspring after transmaternal exposure through the dams' drinking water (0, 0.1, 1, and 10mg/l). Both the severity of insulitis in the pancreatic islets at 11 weeks of age and the diabetes prevalence at 20 weeks were significantly increased for female offspring in the highest exposure group compared to the control group. Increased numbers of apoptotic cells, a reduction in tissue resident macrophages and an increase in regulatory T cells were observed in islets prior to insulitis development in transmaternally exposed offspring. The detectable apoptotic cells were identified as mostly glucagon producing alpha-cells but also tissue resident macrophages and beta-cells. In the local (pancreatic) lymph node neither regulatory T cell nor NKT cell populations were affected by maternal BPA exposure. Maternal BPA exposure may have induced systemic immune changes in offspring, as evidenced by alterations in LPS- and ConA-induced cytokine secretion in splenocytes. In conclusion, transmaternal BPA exposure, in utero and through lactation, accelerated the spontaneous diabetes development in NOD mice. This acceleration appeared to be related to early life modulatory effects on the immune system, resulting in adverse effects later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bodin
- * Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Zhang Z, Sun ZZ, Xiao X, Zhou S, Wang XC, Gu J, Qiu LL, Zhang XH, Xu Q, Zhen B, Wang X, Wang SL. Mechanism of BDE209-induced impaired glucose homeostasis based on gene microarray analysis of adult rat liver. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1557-67. [PMID: 23640034 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Several persistent organic pollutants are reported to be potentially associated with the risk of human diabetes that has become rapidly epidemic in China currently. 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) is commercially most important both in the production and in the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). It might bioaccumulate in wildlife and human and is the only PBDEs mixture still used today. In the present study, male adult rats treated with BDE209 (0, 0.05, 1, and 20 mg/kg) for 8 weeks were used to explore the effects of BDE209 on glucose homeostasis and possible mechanisms; 0.05 mg/kg of BDE209 induced dose-related hyperglycemia. Then, we performed the full-genome gene expression microarrays, gene ontology analysis, and pathway analysis in this group and control. BDE209 induced 1,257 liver gene transcript changes, and 18 canonical pathways were significantly enriched. Four of them were involved in immune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid disease, graft-versus-host disease, allograft rejection, and type I diabetes mellitus (T1MD), which was confirmed by the decrease in serum insulin. Subsequently, gene act network and gene co-expression network found that some MHC molecules and TNF-α were involved in T1DM pathway, which was then confirmed by the increase in serum TNF-α. Additionally, reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase in plasma indicated that oxidative damage might partly contribute to BDE209-induced hyperglycemia. The results of this study provide some new experimental evidence that the exposure to high levels of BDE209 may contribute to the onset of diabetes in human populations. Further work needs to be done to confirm this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 East Tiangyuan Rd., Nanjing, 211166, China
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Bodin J, Bølling AK, Samuelsen M, Becher R, Løvik M, Nygaard UC. Long-term bisphenol A exposure accelerates insulitis development in diabetes-prone NOD mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:349-58. [PMID: 23496298 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.772195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to the endocrine disruptor (ED) bisphenol A (BPA) used in polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins appears ubiquitous since BPA can be found in over 90% of analyzed urine samples from all age groups. There is a parallel occurrence of increased prevalence in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and an increased exposure to EDs the last decades. T1DM is caused by insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction of insulin producing pancreatic beta cells and has been suggested to be induced by various environmental factors acting together with a genetic predisposition. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of BPA (0, 1 and 100 mg/l BPA in the drinking water) on T1DM development in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, spontaneously developing T1DM. Histological evaluation of pancreas from 12-weeks-old female mice revealed significantly increased insulitis in mice exposed to 1 mg/l BPA, while the insulitis was less severe at the higher BPA exposure. Serum glucose levels in the 1 mg/ml BPA group tended to be hyperglycaemic, also indicating an accelerated onset of T1DM. The high BPA exposure seemed to counteract the diabetes development in females and also in male NOD mice for both BPA concentrations. Prior to insulitis, both BPA concentrations resulted in increased apoptosis and reduced numbers of tissue resident macrophages in pancreatic islets. In conclusion, long-term BPA exposure at a dose three times higher than the tolerable daily intake of 50 µg/kg, appeared to accelerate spontaneous insulitis and diabetes development in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Bodin
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Silverstone AE, Rosenbaum PF, Weinstock RS, Bartell SM, Foushee HR, Shelton C, Pavuk M. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure and diabetes: results from the Anniston Community Health Survey. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:727-32. [PMID: 22334129 PMCID: PMC3346783 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) manufactured in Anniston, Alabama, from 1929 to 1971 caused significant environmental contamination. The Anniston population remains one of the most highly exposed in the world. OBJECTIVES Reports of increased diabetes in PCB-exposed populations led us to examine possible associations in Anniston residents. METHODS Volunteers (n = 774) from a cross-sectional study of randomly selected households and adults who completed the Anniston Community Health Survey also underwent measurements of height, weight, fasting glucose, lipid, and PCB congener levels and verification of medications. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the relationships between PCBs and diabetes, adjusting for diabetes risk factors. Participants with prediabetes were excluded from the logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Participants were 47% African American, 70% female, with a mean age of 54.8 years. The prevalence of diabetes was 27% in the study population, corresponding to an estimated prevalence of 16% for Anniston overall; the PCB body burden of 35 major congeners ranged from 0.11 to 170.42 ppb, wet weight. The adjusted OR comparing the prevalence of diabetes in the fifth versus first quintile of serum PCB was 2.78 (95% CI: 1.00, 7.73), with similar associations estimated for second through fourth quintiles. In participants < 55 years of age, the adjusted OR for diabetes for the highest versus lowest quintile was 4.78 (95% CI: 1.11, 20.6), whereas in those ≥ 55 years of age, we observed no significant associations with PCBs. Elevated diabetes prevalence was observed with a 1 SD increase in log PCB levels in women (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.28); a decreased prevalence was observed in men (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.33, 1.41). CONCLUSIONS We observed significant associations between elevated PCB levels and diabetes mostly due to associations in women and in individuals < 55 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen E Silverstone
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
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Persky V, Piorkowski J, Turyk M, Freels S, Chatterton R, Dimos J, Bradlow HL, Chary LK, Burse V, Unterman T, Sepkovic D, McCann K. Associations of polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and endogenous hormones with diabetes in post-menopausal women previously employed at a capacitor manufacturing plant. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 111:817-824. [PMID: 21684538 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing body of literature showing associations of organochlorine exposure with risk of diabetes and insulin resistance. Some studies suggest that associations differ by gender and that diabetes risk, in turn, may be affected by endogenous steroid hormones. This report examines the relationships of serum PCBs and endogenous hormones with history of diabetes in a cohort of persons previously employed at a capacitor manufacturing plant. A total of 118 women were post-menopausal with complete data, of whom 93 were not using steroid hormones in 1996, at the time of examination, which included a survey of exposure and medical history, height, weight and collection of blood and urine for measurements of lipids, liver function, hematologic markers and endogenous hormones. This analysis examines relationships of serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), work exposure and endogenous hormones with self-reported history of diabetes after control for potential confounders. All PCB exposure groups were significantly related to history of diabetes, but not to insulin resistance as measured by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in non-diabetics. Diabetes was also independently and inversely associated with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and triiodothyronine (T3) uptake. HOMA-IR was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and inversely associated with sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and T3 uptake after control for PCB exposure. Possible biologic mechanisms are discussed. This study confirms previous reports relating PCB exposure to diabetes and suggests possible hormonal pathways deserving further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Persky
- University of Illinois School of Public Health, 1603 West Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Exposure to persistent organic pollutants as potential risk factors for developing diabetes. Sci China Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-0157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Turyk M, Anderson H, Knobeloch L, Imm P, Persky V. Organochlorine exposure and incidence of diabetes in a cohort of Great Lakes sport fish consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1076-82. [PMID: 19654916 PMCID: PMC2717133 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated ubiquitous human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as p,p'-diphenyldichloroethene (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Although there is considerable evidence that POP exposures are associated with prevalent diabetes, these studies do not establish causality because the cross-sectional study design does not allow for assessment of temporality of the exposure-disease association. Prospective studies, however, have been lacking. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to determine whether POP body burdens are related to incidence of diabetes in a cohort of Great Lakes sport fish consumers. METHODS The cohort was established in the early 1990s and followed through 2005. We tested serum for DDE and PCB congeners and assessed diabetes diagnosis, demographics, and fish consumption. Associations of diabetes with exposures were examined prospectively in participants without diabetes in 1994-1995, followed through 2005. Annual percent changes in DDE and PCB-132/153 from 1994 to 2005 were examined by diabetes status. RESULTS DDE exposure was associated with incident diabetes. Incident diabetes was not associated with mono-ortho PCB-118, total PCBs, or years of sport fish consumption. Annual percent change in DDE and PCB-132/153 did not differ significantly by diabetes status. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates an association between DDE exposure and incident diabetes. The findings of an association of DDE with incident diabetes and the lack of effect of diabetes on annual percent change in POPs do not support the hypothesis that associations of POPs with diabetes are attributable to reverse causality. Additional studies should address the biological pathways by which DDE could affect glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Turyk
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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Turyk M, Anderson HA, Knobeloch L, Imm P, Persky VW. Prevalence of diabetes and body burdens of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and p,p'-diphenyldichloroethene in Great Lakes sport fish consumers. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:674-679. [PMID: 19157498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated ubiquitous exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as p,p'-diphenyldichloroethene (DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Although several studies have noted associations of dioxins, PCBs and DDE with diabetes, the results have not always been consistent, with few examining effects of PBDEs or simultaneous exposures. The purpose of this study was to determine whether POP body burdens are related to diabetes in a cross section of Great Lake sport fish consumers. The cohort, which was established in the early 1990s, was recontacted in 2004-2005. Serum was collected and tested for DDE, PCBs, PBDEs, hemoglobin A1c and lipids, and diabetes diagnosis, demographics and fish consumption were assessed by self report. Associations of diabetes with exposures were examined in cross sectional data from 2004 to 2005. DDE exposure and dioxin-like mono-ortho PCBs were associated with diabetes, but the association of dioxin-like mono-ortho PCBs with diabetes did not remain significant after control for DDE exposure. Neither the sum of PCBs or years of sport fish consumption were associated with prevalent diabetes. There was a non-significant association of PBDEs with diabetes only in those with hypothyroid disease. The current study confirms previous cross sectional associations of DDE exposure with diabetes. Future studies should address biologic pathways by which selective POPs affect glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Turyk
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Room 897, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Henry A Anderson
- Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Environmental Health, 1 W. Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53703, United States
| | - Lynda Knobeloch
- Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Environmental Health, 1 W. Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53703, United States
| | - Pamela Imm
- Wisconsin Division of Public Health, Bureau of Environmental Health, 1 W. Wilson Street, Madison, WI 53703, United States
| | - Victoria W Persky
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor Street, Room 897, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Jørgensen ME, Borch-Johnsen K, Bjerregaard P. A cross-sectional study of the association between persistent organic pollutants and glucose intolerance among Greenland Inuit. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1416-22. [PMID: 18560802 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Some evidence supports the hypothesis that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. The Inuit population in Greenland, which is highly exposed to POPs due to a high intake of marine mammals, has experienced a rapid increase in diabetes prevalence over the last 30 years. Thus the aim was to study the association between POPs and glucose intolerance and markers of insulin resistance and insulin secretion using a population-based design. METHODS From 1999 to 2002 the Greenland population study was carried out among adult Inuit living in Greenland. The examination included a 75 g OGTT, anthropometric measurements, a structured interview, and blood tests. Plasma glucose and serum insulin were analysed, and three defined subclasses of POPs were analysed in a subgroup. Associations were adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, Inuit heritage, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and educational level. RESULTS Data on POPs were available on 692 individuals, 305 men (mean age 50 years) and 387 women (mean age 49 years). The prevalence of diabetes was 10.3%, and 10.5% had impaired glucose tolerance. The concentrations of several POPs were exceptionally high. While no associations were found between POPs and stages of glucose intolerance or markers of insulin resistance, POPs were significantly inversely associated with stimulated insulin concentrations and homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The study indicates that POPs may affect insulin secretion rather than being involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. No association was seen between POPs and glucose intolerance or markers of insulin resistance.
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Codru N, Schymura MJ, Negoita S, Rej R, Carpenter DO. Diabetes in relation to serum levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides in adult Native Americans. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2007; 115:1442-7. [PMID: 17938733 PMCID: PMC2022671 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research suggests that diabetes, a condition whose incidence is increasing, is associated with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides. OBJECTIVES We investigated the potential association between diabetes and serum levels of PCBs, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and mirex in a cross-sectional study of an adult Native-American (Mohawk) population. METHODS Through a standardized questionnaire we collected demographic, medical, and lifestyle information from 352 adults, > or =30 years of age. We collected fasting serum samples that were analyzed for 101 PCB congeners, DDE, HCB, and mirex along with fasting glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Participants who had fasting-glucose values > 125 mg/dL and/or who were taking antidiabetic medication were defined as persons with diabetes. We conducted logistic regression to assess the potential association between organochlorine serum levels and diabetes, while controlling for the potential confounding variables of age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, sex, and serum lipid levels. Organochlorine serum levels were categorized in tertiles, and the lowest tertile was used as the reference category. RESULTS The prevalence of diabetes was 20.2%. The odds ratio (OR) of having diabetes for participants in the highest tertile of total PCB concentration compared with the lowest tertile was 3.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-10.6). The corresponding ORs for DDE and HCB were even higher. Elevated serum mirex was not associated with diabetes. After adjustment for other analytes, the OR for HCB remained significant, whereas ORs for PCBs and DDE remained elevated but not statistically significant. In contrast, after adjustment for other analytes, the OR for mirex became statistically significant and indicated an inverse association. CONCLUSIONS In this study of adult Native Americans, elevated serum PCBs, DDE, and HCB were positively associated with diabetes after controlling for potential confounders, whereas a negative association was observed for mirex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neculai Codru
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Maria J. Schymura
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
- New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Serban Negoita
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
- New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Robert Rej
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - David O. Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
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Lee DH, Steffes M, Jacobs DR. Positive associations of serum concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls or organochlorine pesticides with self-reported arthritis, especially rheumatoid type, in women. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2007; 115:883-8. [PMID: 17589595 PMCID: PMC1892126 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can influence the immune system, possibly increasing the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition, as metabolic change due to obesity has been proposed as one mechanism of osteoarthritis (OA), POPs stored in adipose tissue may be also associated with OA. OBJECTIVE Our goal in this study was to examine associations of background exposure to POPs with arthritis among the general population. DESIGN We investigated cross-sectional associations of serum POPs concentrations with the prevalence of self-reported arthritis in 1,721 adults >/= 20 years of age in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. RESULTS Among several POPs, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or nondioxin-like PCBs were positively associated with arthritis in women. After adjusting for possible confounders, odds ratios (ORs) were 1.0, 2.1, 3.5, and 2.9 across quartiles of dioxin-like PCBs (p for trend = 0.02). Corresponding figures for nondioxin-like PCBs were 1.0, 1.6, 2.6, and 2.5 (p for trend = 0.02). Organochlorine (OC) pesticides were also weakly associated with arthritis in women. For subtypes of arthritis, respectively, RA was more strongly associated with PCBs than was OA. The adjusted ORs for RA were 1.0, 7.6, 6.1, and 8.5 for dioxin-like PCBs (p for trend = 0.05), 1.0, 2.2, 4.4, and 5.4 for nondioxin-like PCBs (p for trend < 0.01), and 1.0, 2.8, 2.7, and 3.5 for OC pesticides (p for trend = 0.15). POPs in men did not show any clear relation with arthritis. CONCLUSIONS The possibility that background exposure to PCBs may be involved in pathogenesis of arthritis, especially RA, in women should be investigated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Hee Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Promotion Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Michael Steffes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Address correspondence to D.R. Jacobs Jr., University of Minnesota, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, 1300 South 2nd St., Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Telephone: (612) 624-4196. Fax: (612) 624-0315. E-mail:
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Vasiliu O, Cameron L, Gardiner J, Deguire P, Karmaus W. Polybrominated Biphenyls, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Body Weight, and Incidence of Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus. Epidemiology 2006; 17:352-9. [PMID: 16755267 DOI: 10.1097/01.ede.0000220553.84350.c5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have reported an increased risk of diabetes related to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure. No study has yet investigated whether polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), which are similar in chemical structure, increase the incidence of diabetes. METHODS The Michigan PBB cohort was established in 1976 and surveyed again in 1991-1993 and in 2001. PBB and PCB serum levels were measured from blood collected at enrollment. To determine the incidence of adult-onset diabetes, we analyzed cohort members without diabetes at enrollment, ages 20 years and older, with known PBB and PCB levels, who participated in at least 1 follow-up survey (n = 1384). Using Poisson regression, we determined the incidence density ratio (IDR) of diabetes for different serum levels of PBB and PCB, controlling for age, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol consumption at enrollment. RESULTS Analyzing 25 years of follow-up data, we did not find that higher PBB serum levels were a risk factor for the incidence of diabetes mellitus. However, in women, but not in men, higher PCB serum levels were associated with increased incidence of diabetes (IDR = 2.33; 95% confidence interval = 1.25-4.34 in the highest PCB group compared with the lowest). In both men and women, overweight and obesity increased the diabetes incidence. CONCLUSIONS We found no association between PBB serum levels and diabetes incidence. In women, there was a positive linear association of diabetes incidence with PCB serum levels at enrollment. This finding is in agreement with 2 prior studies indicating a higher relative risk of diabetes in PCB-exposed women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Vasiliu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Conka K, Drobná B, Kocan A, Petrík J. Simple solid-phase extraction method for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and selected organochlorine pesticides in human serum. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1084:33-8. [PMID: 16114233 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for isolation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from human serum has been developed. The procedure includes denaturation of serum proteins by a mixture of water-1-propanol, application of the sample by aspiration twice repeatedly through the SPE column and elution with a mixture of n-hexane-dichlormethane. After final clean-up the compounds of interest were analysed by gas chromatography with micro-electron capture detection (GC-microECD). The recoveries achieved for PCB congeners using spiked porcine serum samples were 99-120% and for OCPs 88-115%. Relative standard deviations (RSD) ranged from 3 to 7%. The method was applied to real human serum samples and the recoveries of analytes in the serum were proportionally recalculated considering the recovery of the internal standard PCB-174. PCB-103 served as a syringe standard to correct volume of samples analysed. The aim of this study was to develop an effective off-line SPE procedure by optimization of existing SPE methods to supply laborious, solvent- and time-consuming liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) in routine analytical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Conka
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Research Base of the SMU--Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Schoenroth L, Chan S, Fritzler M. Autoantibodies and Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Persons Living near a Hazardous Waste Treatment Facility. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1177/108155890405200332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Increased autoantibody prevalence has been described in instances of high-dose exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In 1996, an equipment malfunction at the Swan Hills Treatment Centre in Alberta, Canada, caused the release of gases containing PCBs into the ambient air. In view of the immune effects of PCBs and their potential as endocrine disruptors, we assessed autoantibody prevalence and looked for correlations with PCB levels. Methods Fifty-seven persons living within a 100 km radius of the waste treatment facility were assessed. Autoantibodies were measured by indirect immunofluorescence, double immunodiffusion, and immunoblotting. The levels of 26 congeners of PCBs were measured by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Provincial health records for physician visits and hospitalizations were reviewed for diagnoses of autoimmune disease. Results The prevalence of autoantibodies was 11% in the study participants and 0% in healthy controls. There was no correlation of PCB levels with autoantibody results. There was no associated increase in autoimmune disease noted on physician visits or hospitalizations. PCB levels were comparable to background levels reported for other populations. Conclusion A correlation of titers of autoantibodies in the sera of individuals at risk and the blood levels of PCBs was not found, and the prevalence of autoantibodies in the at-risk group was not statistically different ( p > .05) from that of an unexposed control group. The study group had higher titers of autoantibodies and some strong reactivity with intracellular antigens, but the significance of this observation may be understood only after long-term clinical assessments and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siu Chan
- Faculty of Medicine University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
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