1
|
Groen RN, Wigman JTW, Vos M, Schreuder MJ, Wichers M, Hartman CA. How a general vulnerability for psychopathology during adolescence manifests in young adults' daily lives. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:998-1009. [PMID: 38494734 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is widespread interest in the general factor of psychopathology or 'p factor', which has been proposed to reflect vulnerability to psychopathology. We examined to what extent this 'vulnerability' is associated with dysregulations in affect and behavior that occur in daily life. As such we hoped to provide an account of how this vulnerability may be maintained. METHODS We used data from the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS; N = 2,772) collected at ages 11, 14, 16, 19, and 22 years to fit a bifactor model with a general psychopathology factor, alongside internalizing, externalizing (EXT), attention-deficit/hyperactivity, and autism spectrum problem domains. Following the fifth TRAILS assessment, a subsample of participants (n = 133, age = 22.6, 43% women) with heightened risk for psychopathology completed a 6-month daily diary protocol with one assessment each day. Using a dynamic structural equation approach, we examined to what extent mean intensity, variability, inertia, and within-day co-occurrence of EXT, anxious-tense, and depressed-withdrawn affects and behaviors were associated with general factor scores. RESULTS Unexpectedly, higher general factor scores were not associated with higher mean intensity of any of the three types of daily negative affects and behaviors, but were associated with higher variability and less carryover (inertia) EXT affects and behaviors. CONCLUSIONS We showed that individual differences in general factor scores do not manifest as differences in average levels of daily affects and behaviors, but instead were related to a type of EXT reactivity to the environment. Future research is necessary to investigate whether reactive irritable moods may be involved in or signal vulnerability sustained psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin N Groen
- Department of Psychiatry (UCP), Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna T W Wigman
- Department of Psychiatry (UCP), Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Vos
- Department of Psychiatry (UCP), Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke J Schreuder
- Department of Psychiatry (UCP), Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- Department of Psychiatry (UCP), Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry (UCP), Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coolen IEJI, van Langen J, Hofman S, van Aagten FE, Schaaf JV, Michel L, Aristodemou M, Judd N, van Hout ATB, Meeussen E, Kievit RA. Protocol and preregistration for the CODEC project: measuring, modelling and mechanistically understanding the nature of cognitive variability in early childhood. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:407. [PMID: 39060934 PMCID: PMC11282758 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's cognitive performance fluctuates across multiple timescales. However, fluctuations have often been neglected in favour of research into average cognitive performance, limiting the unique insights into cognitive abilities and development that cognitive variability may afford. Preliminary evidence suggests that greater variability is associated with increased symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders, and differences in behavioural and neural functioning. The relative dearth of empirical work on variability, historically limited due to a lack of suitable data and quantitative methodology, has left crucial questions unanswered, which the CODEC (COgnitive Dynamics in Early Childhood) study aims to address. METHOD The CODEC cohort is an accelerated 3-year longitudinal study which encompasses 600 7-to-10-year-old children. Each year includes a 'burst' week (3 times per day, 5 days per week) of cognitive measurements on five cognitive domains (reasoning, working memory, processing speed, vocabulary, exploration), conducted both in classrooms and at home through experience sampling assessments. We also measure academic outcomes and external factors hypothesised to predict cognitive variability, including sleep, mood, motivation and background noise. A subset of 200 children (CODEC-MRI) are invited for two deep phenotyping sessions (in year 1 and year 3 of the study), including structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, eye-tracking, parental measurements and questionnaire-based demographic and psychosocial measures. We will quantify developmental differences and changes in variability using Dynamic Structural Equation Modelling, allowing us to simultaneously capture variability and the multilevel structure of trials nested in sessions, days, children and classrooms. DISCUSSION CODEC's unique design allows us to measure variability across a range of different cognitive domains, ages, and temporal resolutions. The deep-phenotyping arm allows us to test hypotheses concerning variability, including the role of mind wandering, strategy exploration, mood, sleep, and brain structure. Due to CODEC's longitudinal nature, we are able to quantify which measures of variability at baseline predict long-term outcomes. In summary, the CODEC study is a unique longitudinal study combining experience sampling, an accelerated longitudinal 'burst' design, deep phenotyping, and cutting-edge statistical methodologies to better understand the nature, causes, and consequences of cognitive variability in children. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT06330090.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse E J I Coolen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Trigon Building, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, the Netherlands
| | - Jordy van Langen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Trigon Building, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Hofman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Trigon Building, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, the Netherlands
| | - Fréderique E van Aagten
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Trigon Building, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica V Schaaf
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Trigon Building, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, the Netherlands
| | - Lea Michel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Trigon Building, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Aristodemou
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Trigon Building, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Judd
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Trigon Building, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, the Netherlands
| | - Aran T B van Hout
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Trigon Building, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, the Netherlands
| | - Emma Meeussen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Trigon Building, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier A Kievit
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Trigon Building, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Humberg S, Grund S, Nestler S. Estimating nonlinear effects of random slopes: A comparison of multilevel structural equation modeling with a two-step, a single-indicator, and a plausible values approach. Behav Res Methods 2024:10.3758/s13428-024-02462-9. [PMID: 39060861 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) is a statistical framework of major relevance for research concerned with people's intrapersonal dynamics. An application domain that is rapidly gaining relevance is the study of individual differences in the within-person association (WPA) of variables that fluctuate over time. For instance, an individual's social reactivity - their emotional response to social situations - can be represented as the association between repeated measurements of the individual's social interaction quantity and momentary well-being. MSEM allows researchers to investigate the associations between WPAs and person-level outcome variables (e.g., life satisfaction) by specifying the WPAs as random slopes in the structural equation on level 1 and using the latent representations of the slopes to predict outcomes on level 2. Here, we are concerned with the case in which a researcher is interested in nonlinear effects of WPAs on person-level outcomes - a U-shaped effect of a WPA, a moderation effect of two WPAs, or an effect of congruence between two WPAs - such that the corresponding MSEM includes latent interactions between random slopes. We evaluate the nonlinear MSEM approach for the three classes of nonlinear effects (U-shaped, moderation, congruence) and compare it with three simpler approaches: a simple two-step approach, a single-indicator approach, and a plausible values approach. We use a simulation study to compare the approaches on accuracy of parameter estimates and inference. We derive recommendations for practice and provide code templates and an illustrative example to help researchers implement the approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Humberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | | | - Steffen Nestler
- Department of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstr. 21, 48149, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hallensleben N, Kraiss J, Glaesmer H, Forkmann T, Spangenberg L. Examining heterogeneity in the affect-regulating function of suicidal ideation: Person-specific analyses in male inpatients with depression. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2024. [PMID: 39023190 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Men have an increased risk to die by suicide compared to women but are underrepresented in suicide research. To improve individual risk prediction for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (STBs), risk factors are increasingly being studied at an individual level. The possible affect-regulatory function of suicidal ideation has hardly been investigated ideographically and has not yet been tested in a male sample. METHODS We investigated the bidirectional associations between suicidal ideation and negative and positive affect in a sample of n = 21 male inpatients with unipolar depression and a history of suicidal ideation both at the group level and at the individual level. Participants underwent an intensive ecological momentary assessment for 6 days with 10 data points per day. RESULTS We found no evidence for an affect-regulatory function of suicidal ideation at the group level, neither for effects of affect on subsequent suicidal ideation (antecedent affect-regulatory hypothesis) nor for effects of suicidal ideation on subsequent affect (consequence affect-regulatory hypothesis). Person-specific analyses revealed substantial variability in strength and direction of the considered associations, especially for the associations representing the antecedent hypothesis. CONCLUSION The demonstrated between-person heterogeneity points to the necessity to individualize the investigation of risk factors to enhance prediction and prevention of STBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hallensleben
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jannis Kraiss
- Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Forkmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lena Spangenberg
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kemp KC, Sperry SH, Hernández L, Barrantes-Vidal N, Kwapil TR. Association of Positive, Negative, and Disorganized Schizotypy With the Temporal Dynamics of Schizotypic Experiences in Daily Life. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae112. [PMID: 38962937 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizotypy is a useful and unifying construct for examining the etiology, development, and expression of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology. The positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy dimensions are associated with distinct patterns of schizophrenia-spectrum symptoms and impairment. Furthermore, they are differentiated by mean levels of psychotic-like, suspicious, negative, and disorganized schizotypic experiences in daily life, and by temporal dynamics of affect. The schizotypy dimensions were thus hypothesized to be differentiated by the temporal dynamics of schizotypic experiences in daily life. STUDY DESIGN The present study employed experience sampling methodology in a large nonclinically ascertained sample (n = 693) to examine the associations of multidimensional schizotypy with psychotic-like, suspicious, negative, and disorganized schizotypic experiences in daily life, as well as with their temporal dynamics (variability, reactivity, inertia, and instability). STUDY RESULTS We replicated the mean-level associations between multidimensional schizotypy and schizotypic experiences in daily life. Furthermore, positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy demonstrated hypothesized, differential patterns of temporal dynamics of schizotypic experiences. Disorganized schizotypy demonstrated the most robust associations, including intensity, variability, and inertia of disorganized schizotypic experiences. Disorganized schizotypy also moderated reactivity of psychotic-like and disorganized schizotypic experiences following previously reported stress. Positive schizotypy was associated with intensity and variability of psychotic-like experiences. Negative schizotypy was associated with intensity and variability of negative schizotypic experiences. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that schizotypy dimensions can be differentiated by both mean levels and temporal patterns of psychotic-like, suspicious, negative, and disorganized schizotypic experiences in daily life, with disorganized schizotypy uniquely characterized by stress reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Kemp
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, Champaign, IL, USA
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sarah H Sperry
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura Hernández
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Psicologia Clinica i de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas R Kwapil
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, Champaign, IL, USA
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Psychology, Greensboro, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pacheco-Romero AM, Martín-García Ó, Rey-Sáez R, Boemo T, Blanco I, Vázquez C, Sánchez-López Á. An integrative analysis of potential mechanisms of reduced positive affect in daily life in depression: an ESM study. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:587-604. [PMID: 38329805 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2314066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Decreased levels of positive affect (PA) are a hallmark of depression. Current models propose as potential main mechanisms a dysfunctional use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies (i.e. dampening, positive rumination), and a maladaptive activation of pro-hedonic goals. However, the role of these mechanisms in PA in daily life remains understudied. We used a 10-day ESM design to assess how these mechanisms influence each other and contribute to depressive symptomatology-related low momentary PA in 139 individuals. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with lower PA, pro-hedonic goals, more frequent use of positive rumination, and higher use of dampening. Further, experiencing higher levels of PA predicted lower following time point use of dampening in individuals with higher symptoms. Finally, using positive rumination was more beneficial (i.e. predicted higher PA increases one moment later) for individuals with higher symptomatology. Our findings suggest that moment-to-moment changes in PA daily life are affected by, and have an effect on, both pro-hedonic goals and the use of dampening and positive rumination, highlighting specific cognitive-affective mechanisms that should be considered when designing interventions aimed at improving low PA characterising depression symptomatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mar Pacheco-Romero
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Martín-García
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rey-Sáez
- Department of Basic Psychology, Autónoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Boemo
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Blanco
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmelo Vázquez
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sánchez-López
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Clinical Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kraiss JT, Vaessen T, Klooster PMT. Idiographic bidirectional associations of stressfulness of events and negative affect in daily life as indicators for mental health: An experience sampling study. Stress Health 2024:e3433. [PMID: 38817035 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that complex micro-dynamics occurring in daily life underly the development of mental distress. We aimed to (1) study the cross-lagged association between stressful events and negative affect (NA), (2) show that there is substantial between-person variability in idiographic associations and (3) show that idiographic associations are indicative of mental health. Experience sampling study assessing perceived stressfulness of events (PSE) and NA four times per day for 2 weeks in a non-clinical convenience sample (N = 70, mean age = 22.9, 61% female, 69% German). Bivariate vector autoregressive model implemented in dynamic structural equation modelling to model the associations between stressful events and NA and obtain idiographic associations. Stressfulness of events and NA were significantly reciprocally associated. Autocorrelations and cross-lagged associations from PSE to NA showed substantial variability and were significantly related with trait measures of depression, anxiety, well-being, and perceived stress. Contrary to expectations, cross-lagged associations from NA to stressfulness of events were not related to trait mental health. The approach outlined in this article is useful for studying idiographic dynamics in daily life. The findings increase our understanding of micro-dynamics underlying mental health and individual differences in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis T Kraiss
- Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Ten Klooster
- Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Judd N, Aristodemou M, Klingberg T, Kievit R. Interindividual Differences in Cognitive Variability Are Ubiquitous and Distinct From Mean Performance in a Battery of Eleven Tasks. J Cogn 2024; 7:45. [PMID: 38799081 PMCID: PMC11122693 DOI: 10.5334/joc.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Our performance on cognitive tasks fluctuates: the same individual completing the same task will differ in their response's moment-to-moment. For decades cognitive fluctuations have been implicitly ignored - treated as measurement error - with a focus instead on aggregates such as mean performance. Leveraging dense trial-by-trial data and novel time-series methods we explored variability as an intrinsically important phenotype. Across eleven cognitive tasks with over 7 million trials, we found highly reliable interindividual differences in cognitive variability in every task we examined. These differences are both qualitatively and quantitatively distinct from mean performance. Moreover, we found that a single dimension for variability across tasks was inadequate, demonstrating that previously posited global mechanisms for cognitive variability are at least partially incomplete. Our findings indicate that variability is a fundamental part of cognition - with the potential to offer novel insights into developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Judd
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Aristodemou
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Torkel Klingberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Quan S, Fu C, Xing X, Wang M. A Daily Diary Study of the Reciprocal Relation between Parental Psychological Aggression and Adolescent Anxiety in China. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02006-6. [PMID: 38767792 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The daily reciprocal relations between parental psychological aggression and adolescent anxiety and the heterogeneity, i.e., whether these relations vary across different adolescents, remain unclear. This study examined this issue with a 15-day daily diary study among 326 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.53 years, SD = 0.60, 47.2% girls). Dynamic structural equation models revealed that parental psychological aggression co-fluctuated with adolescent anxiety within a day. For lagged associations, only father-driven effects were supported but not mother-driven effects, whereas child-driven effects were supported for both parents. These within-person associations were heterogeneous across adolescents. Moreover, adolescents with more parental psychological aggression reported higher anxiety. This study revealed the reciprocal relations between parental psychological aggression and adolescent anxiety at the micro timescale and also highlighted that the within-person associations were heterogeneous across different adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sixiang Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Teacher Education Publication Section, Higher Education Press, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopei Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Research Center for Child Development, College of Elementary Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Speyer LG, Murray AL, Kievit R. Investigating Moderation Effects at the Within-Person Level Using Intensive Longitudinal Data: A Two-Level Dynamic Structural Equation Modelling Approach in Mplus. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2024; 59:620-637. [PMID: 38356288 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2023.2288575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent technological advances have provided new opportunities for the collection of intensive longitudinal data. Using methods such as dynamic structural equation modeling, these data can provide new insights into moment-to-moment dynamics of psychological and behavioral processes. In intensive longitudinal data (t > 20), researchers often have theories that imply that factors that change from moment to moment within individuals act as moderators. For instance, a person's level of sleep deprivation may affect how much an external stressor affects mood. Here, we describe how researchers can implement, test, and interpret dynamically changing within-person moderation effects using two-level dynamic structural equation modeling as implemented in the structural equation modeling software Mplus. We illustrate the analysis of within-person moderation effects using an empirical example investigating whether changes in spending time online using social media affect the moment-to-moment effect of loneliness on depressive symptoms, and highlight avenues for future methodological development. We provide annotated Mplus code, enabling researchers to better isolate, estimate, and interpret the complexities of within-person interaction effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Gabriela Speyer
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rogier Kievit
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen X, Leung FKS. Control-value appraisals and academic emotions: An intensive longitudinal examination of reciprocal effects. Child Dev 2024; 95:972-987. [PMID: 38044498 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the reciprocal relation between lesson-specific perceived cognitive appraisals and academic emotions on an intra-individual level. A daily diary study was conducted using a sample of 266 Chinese Han students (Grades 7-8; 56.8% boys; Mage = 13.70, SDage = 0.52) during 10 mathematics lessons in 2022. Standardized questionnaires were also administered to these students before the daily diary study. The results of the dynamic structural equation modeling revealed significant reciprocal relations between cognitive appraisals and academic emotions within early adolescents and highlighted the role of emotions in guiding cognitive appraisals. Additionally, the study identified similarities and differences in the inter-individual relation between appraisals and emotions across self-reported questionnaires and daily diary measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Unit of Teacher Education and Learning Leadership, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Frederick K S Leung
- Unit of Teacher Education and Learning Leadership, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kiekens G, Hasking P, Nock MK, Kleiman E, Kirtley OJ, Houben M, Boyes M, Bruffaerts R, Myin-Germeys I, Claes L. A Comparison of Affective-Cognitive States in Daily Life Between Emerging Adults With and Without Past-Year Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Behav Ther 2024; 55:469-484. [PMID: 38670662 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Although the literature suggests trait-like differences in affective and cognitive vulnerabilities between individuals with and without a history of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), little is known about how these dispositional differences are experienced in the natural environment. The present study compares the intensity, inertia, interaction, and variability of affective (negative and positive affect) and cognitive states (rumination, self-criticism) in the everyday lives of individuals who do and do not engage in NSSI. Using experience sampling methodology (ESM), 60 emerging adults (ages = 18-22 years) with and without past-year NSSI (equally distributed) completed eight questionnaires per day for 12 days (in total, 96 questionnaires per participant), resulting in 4,587 assessments (median compliance = 83.3%; IQR = 71.9-91.7). In a dynamic structural equation modeling framework, dynamic parameters (i.e., mean intensity, carryover effects, spillover effects, and within-person variability) were evaluated using multilevel vector autoregressive models. Emerging adults who engage in NSSI experience higher intensity and greater variability of negative affect, rumination, and self-criticism, whereas those who do not engage in NSSI experience higher intensity and lower variability of positive affect. In addition, past-year NSSI predicted stronger affective-cognitive interactions over time, with stronger spillover effects of negative and positive affect on subsequent rumination and self-criticism in individuals who engage in NSSI. Depressive symptoms and trait levels of emotion dysregulation and self-criticism partially negated these differences. Our findings provide evidence that emerging adults who self-injure experience more negative affective-cognitive states in daily life and point to the potential relevance of boosting positive emotions to buffer negative cognitions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kemp S, Yogeeswaran K, Stronge S, Yaghoubi M, Sibley CG. Disentangling the within- and between-person effects of personality on income for men and women. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231750. [PMID: 39076795 PMCID: PMC11285837 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between personality and income is a topic of interest across multiple disciplines. Correlations between people's personalities and their incomes may arise because differences in stable personalities relate to income differences (between-person effects) or because changes in personality or income are later reflected in the other variable (within-person effects). The current research uses random-intercept cross-lagged panel models to disentangle the two sorts of effects to better understand the relationship between the six factors of personality and income. Using data from 6824 working-age adults in New Zealand across 4 years, we found between-person effects showing higher incomes were obtained by both men and women who were more extraverted, agreeable and open, and less neurotic. Within-person effects showed that earning a higher income was associated with higher neuroticism and lower extraversion over time, while higher extraversion was associated with a lower income over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kemp
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kumar Yogeeswaran
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Samantha Stronge
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mona Yaghoubi
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Chris G. Sibley
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fernández-Álvarez J, Colombo D, Gómez Penedo JM, Pierantonelli M, Baños RM, Botella C. Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e46593. [PMID: 38574359 PMCID: PMC11027061 DOI: 10.2196/46593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increased interest in understanding social anxiety (SA) and SA disorder (SAD) antecedents and consequences as they occur in real time, resulting in a proliferation of studies using ambulatory assessment (AA). Despite the exponential growth of research in this area, these studies have not been synthesized yet. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to identify and describe the latest advances in the understanding of SA and SAD through the use of AA. METHODS Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. RESULTS A total of 70 articles met the inclusion criteria. The qualitative synthesis of these studies showed that AA permitted the exploration of the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dynamics associated with the experience of SA and SAD. In line with the available models of SA and SAD, emotion regulation, perseverative cognition, cognitive factors, substance use, and interactional patterns were the principal topics of the included studies. In addition, the incorporation of AA to study psychological interventions, multimodal assessment using sensors and biosensors, and transcultural differences were some of the identified emerging topics. CONCLUSIONS AA constitutes a very powerful methodology to grasp SA from a complementary perspective to laboratory experiments and usual self-report measures, shedding light on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral antecedents and consequences of SA and the development and maintenance of SAD as a mental disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Álvarez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
- Fundación Aiglé, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Desirée Colombo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | | | | | - Rosa María Baños
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03 Instituto Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Botella
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03 Instituto Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Somers JA, Ho TC, Roubinov D, Lee SS. Integrating Biobehavioral and Environmental Components of Developmental Psychopathology via Interpersonal Dynamics: An RDoC-Advancing Model. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:491-504. [PMID: 37603188 PMCID: PMC10879449 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Although the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDoC) framework proposes biological and environmental mechanisms intersect in the etiology of psychopathology, there is no guidance on how to define or measure experiences in the environment within the RDoC matrix. Interpersonal dynamics during caregiver-child interactions involve temporal coordination of interacting partners' biobehavioral functioning; repeated experiences of signaling to caregivers and responding to caregivers' signals shape children's subsequent socioemotional and brain development. We begin with a review of the extant literature on caregiver-child dynamics, which reveals that RDoC's units of analysis (brain circuits, physiology, behavior, and self-report) are inextricably linked with moment-to-moment changes in the caregiving environment. We then offer a proof-of-concept for integrating biobehavioral RDoC units and environmental components via caregiver-child dynamics. Our approach uses dynamic structural equation models to estimate within-dyad dynamics involving arousal, social, cognitive, and negative or positive affective processes based on second-by-second changes in parasympathetic activity (RSA) during a conflict discussion and a positive event-planning task. Our results illustrate variation in parent-child RSA synchrony, suggesting differences depending on the driver (i.e., child- or parent-led) and on the unique and intersecting domains involved (e.g., positive or negative affect valence systems). We conclude with recommendations for conducting robust, methodologically rigorous studies of interpersonal dynamics that advance the RDoC framework and provide a summary of the clinical implications of this research. Examining caregiver-child dynamics during and across multiple dyadic interaction paradigms that differentially elicit key domains of functioning can deepen understanding of how caregiver- and child-led interpersonal dynamics contribute to child psychopathology risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Somers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 502 Portola Plaza, Pritzker Hall, CA, 6658, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 502 Portola Plaza, Pritzker Hall, CA, 6658, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Danielle Roubinov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steve S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 502 Portola Plaza, Pritzker Hall, CA, 6658, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pillinger R, Steele F, Leckie G, Jenkins J. A dynamic social relations model for clustered longitudinal dyadic data with continuous or ordinal responses. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY. SERIES A, (STATISTICS IN SOCIETY) 2024; 187:338-357. [PMID: 38742147 PMCID: PMC11090398 DOI: 10.1093/jrsssa/qnad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Social relations models allow the identification of cluster, actor, partner, and relationship effects when analysing clustered dyadic data on interactions between individuals or other units of analysis. We propose an extension of this model which handles longitudinal data and incorporates dynamic structure, where the response may be continuous, binary, or ordinal. This allows the disentangling of the relationship effects from temporal fluctuation and measurement error and the investigation of whether individuals respond to their partner's behaviour at the previous observation. We motivate and illustrate the model with an application to Canadian data on pairs of individuals within families observed working together on a conflict discussion task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona Steele
- Department of Statistics, London School of Economics & Political Science, London, UK
| | - George Leckie
- School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jennifer Jenkins
- Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Luo X, Liu H, Hu Y. From cross-lagged effects to feedback effects: Further insights into the estimation and interpretation of bidirectional relations. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:3685-3705. [PMID: 38129735 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional relations have long been of interest in psychology and other social behavioral sciences. In recent years, the widespread use of intensive longitudinal data has provided new opportunities to examine dynamic bidirectional relations between variables. However, most previous studies have focused on the effect of one variable on the other (i.e., cross-lagged effects) rather than the overall effect representing the dynamic interplay between two variables (i.e., feedback effects), which we believe may be due to a lack of relevant methodological guidance. To quantify bidirectional relations as a whole, this study attempted to provide guidance for the estimation and interpretation of feedback effects based on dynamic structural equation models. First, we illustrated the estimation procedure for the average and person-specific feedback effects. Then, to facilitate the interpretation of feedback effects, we established an empirical benchmark by quantitatively synthesizing the results of relevant empirical studies. Finally, we used a set of empirical data to demonstrate how feedback effects can help (a) test theories based on bidirectional relations and (b) reveal correlates of individual differences in bidirectional relations. We also discussed the broad application prospects of feedback effects from a dynamic systems perspective. This study provides guidance for applied researchers interested in further examining feedback effects in bidirectional relations, and the shift from focusing on cross-lagged effects only to a comprehensive consideration of feedback effects may provide new insights into the study of bidirectional relations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xin Jie Kou Wai St., Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xin Jie Kou Wai St., Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yueqin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xin Jie Kou Wai St., Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li J, Luo X, Liu H. Dynamic bidirectional relation between state mindfulness and suicidal ideation among female college students: The moderating effect of trait mindfulness. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38502577 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2329180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Research has indicated that mindfulness is a protective factor against suicidal ideation. However, the dynamic reciprocal relation between them has been understudied. In this study, 110 female college students with suicidal ideation completed a measure of trait mindfulness and a 28-day diary of suicidal ideation and three-dimensional state mindfulness, including acting with awareness, present-moment attention, and nonjudgmental acceptance. Dynamic structural equation modeling was used to examine the dynamic and bidirectional effects between dimensions of state mindfulness and suicidal ideation and the moderating effect of trait mindfulness. Results showed that suicidal ideation predicted lower levels of present-moment attention the next day. More importantly, there was a dynamic and bidirectional relation between nonjudgmental acceptance and suicidal ideation for people with trait mindfulness higher than the average level (i.e., M + 0.15SD). Our findings suggested that studies and interventions on suicide should pay more attention to specific dimensions of state mindfulness and trait mindfulness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Li
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Mental Health Education and Consultation Center, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kambara K, Namba S, Yokoyama S, Ogata A. Thought habits and processing modes among Japanese university students do not influence dynamic associations between rumination and negative affect. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6554. [PMID: 38503786 PMCID: PMC10951286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated model of rumination argues that two trait factors-negative thinking habits and processing modes-get people stuck in maladaptive rumination. There is little evidence showing whether these factors influence the daily dynamic associations between rumination and negative moods. To address this, in this study, we conducted an experience-sampling method on Japanese university students. We recruited 92 Japanese university students and assessed their daily rumination and negative affect (NA) eight times a day for seven days. We examined the effects of habits and processing modes on the dynamic associations between rumination and negative moods using dynamic structural equation modeling. We found that individuals were more likely to ruminate when they experienced NA. However, contrary to previous findings, this study's participants did not experience NA after engaging in rumination. Moreover, we did not detect any significant trait factor effect on these dynamic associations. Our findings imply that individuals are more likely to engage in rumination after experiencing NA, but the reverse association, particularly the autoregression of rumination, may not be maintained in natural daily life. Furthermore, negative thinking habits and processing modes may not influence the daily dynamic associations between rumination and NA among Japanese university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kambara
- Faculty of Psychology, Doshisha University, Kyo-Tanabe-Shi, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shushi Namba
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshim-Shi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Humanities, Niigata University, Niigata-Shi, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiko Ogata
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshim-Shi, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ventus D, Söderberg P. Are In-the-Moment Resilience Processes Predicted by Questionnaire-Based Measures of Resilience? Assessment 2024:10731911241234220. [PMID: 38456257 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241234220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Research on resilience is a growing field, and resilience has been conceptualized and operationalized in multiple ways. The aim of this study was to compare the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS), a conventional measure of resilience, with within-person process indicators derived from experience sampling method (ESM). A sample of 177 teachers from southern Finland participated in the study, commencing with a startup session followed by an 8-day ESM period. Through twice-daily prompts, participants reported their immediate positive and negative affect as well as recent stressors encountered, such as workload and challenging social interactions. As expected, within-person variation in affect was predicted by stressors. However, contrary to expectations, individual differences in affective reactivity to stressors were not predicted by BRCS (βpositive affect [95% CI] = -.20, [-.51, .11]; βnegative affect = .33, [-.07, .69]). Item response theory analyses of the BRCS revealed problems with precision. The results call into question the validity of measuring resilience using single administrations of retrospective self-report questionnaires such as the BRCS.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wiggs KK, Breaux R, Langberg JM, Peugh JL, Becker SP. Examining daily stimulant medication use and sleep in adolescents with ADHD. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:821-832. [PMID: 37043095 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Research has been inconclusive as to whether stimulant treatment causes or exacerbates sleep problems in adolescents with ADHD. This study examined sleep differences in adolescents with ADHD as a function of stimulant use. Participants were adolescents with ADHD (N = 159, ages 12-14). Parents reported on receipt of stimulant treatment (n = 92, 57.86%; n = 47 amphetamines, n = 45 methylphenidate). Adolescents wore actigraphs and completed daily diaries assessing sleep and daily use of stimulants for 2 weeks. Sleep parameters included daily-reported bedtime, sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and difficulty waking the following morning; and actigraphy-measured sleep onset time, total time in bed, and sleep efficiency. We estimated between- and within-individual associations between stimulant medication use and sleep indices with all stimulants, after removing adolescents using sleep aids and weekend days, and as a function of stimulant type. Adolescent sleep did not differ between those receiving and not receiving stimulant treatment. Within individuals using stimulants, we largely observed no significant differences between medicated and unmedicated days, though findings were most often significant for school days only. Small effects were found indicating longer SOL, later sleep onset time, and more daytime sleepiness related to medication use. In contrast, there were slight improvements to sleep duration and sleep efficiency related to methylphenidate use, though methylphenidate was also associated with later sleep onset time and more daytime sleepiness. Given the inconsistent and small effects, findings suggest that stimulant medication may impact sleep, but does not appear to be a primary contributor to sleep problems in adolescents with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey K Wiggs
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue MLC 10006, Cincinnati, OH, 45206, USA.
| | - Rosanna Breaux
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Joshua M Langberg
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - James L Peugh
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue MLC 10006, Cincinnati, OH, 45206, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephen P Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue MLC 10006, Cincinnati, OH, 45206, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Grey W, Harris EA, Kalokerinos EK, Griffiths S. On liking how you look and feeling sexy: Quantifying the overlap between sexual desirability and body satisfaction in a sample of Australian Grindr users. Body Image 2024; 48:101676. [PMID: 38194815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The body image field aims to cultivate positive body image. To do so, it must appreciate factors contributing to positive body image. Sexual desirability is one such factor. Using experience sampling data from Australian Grindr users, we aimed to quantify the overlap between sexual desirability and body satisfaction. We found sexual desirability and body satisfaction correlated strongly between- (r = .90) and within-persons (rMedian =.60). Using dynamic structural equation modeling, we analyzed 238 participants' data (T = 9058), finding that sexual desirability and body satisfaction were bidirectionally related - previous sexual desirability predicted current body satisfaction (β = 0.22) and vice versa (β = 0.17). Participants' average body satisfaction tended to be higher when sexual desirability contributed more to body satisfaction (r = .31) and was more stable across time (r = .19). We found sexual desirability and body satisfaction overlap considerably and that sexual desirability may contribute more to body satisfaction than vice versa. Our results suggest that (1) sexual desirability and its dynamics across time influence body satisfaction, and (2) research on sexual desirability and its relationship with body image should be a focus for the field. We discuss avenues for future research on sexual desirability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Grey
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Emily A Harris
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elise K Kalokerinos
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Griffiths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
McNeish D, Somers JA, Savord A. Dynamic structural equation models with binary and ordinal outcomes in Mplus. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:1506-1532. [PMID: 37118647 PMCID: PMC10611901 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Intensive longitudinal designs are increasingly popular, as are dynamic structural equation models (DSEM) to accommodate unique features of these designs. Many helpful resources on DSEM exist, though they focus on continuous outcomes while categorical outcomes are omitted, briefly mentioned, or considered as a straightforward extension. This viewpoint regarding categorical outcomes is not unwarranted for technical audiences, but there are non-trivial nuances in model building and interpretation with categorical outcomes that are not necessarily straightforward for empirical researchers. Furthermore, categorical outcomes are common given that binary behavioral indicators or Likert responses are frequently solicited as low-burden variables to discourage participant non-response. This tutorial paper is therefore dedicated to providing an accessible treatment of DSEM in Mplus exclusively for categorical outcomes. We cover the general probit model whereby the raw categorical responses are assumed to come from an underlying normal process. We cover probit DSEM and expound why existing treatments have considered categorical outcomes as a straightforward extension of the continuous case. Data from a motivating ecological momentary assessment study with a binary outcome are used to demonstrate an unconditional model, a model with disaggregated covariates, and a model for data with a time trend. We provide annotated Mplus code for these models and discuss interpretation of the results. We then discuss model specification and interpretation in the case of an ordinal outcome and provide an example to highlight differences between ordinal and binary outcomes. We conclude with a discussion of caveats and extensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel McNeish
- Arizona State University, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | | | - Andrea Savord
- Arizona State University, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wallace GT, Brick LA, Provost EM, Peters JR, Miller IW, Schatten HT. Daily Levels and Dynamic Metrics of Affective-Cognitive Constructs Associate With Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours in Adults After Psychiatric Hospitalization. Clin Psychol Psychother 2024; 31:e2982. [PMID: 38659356 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The period after psychiatric hospitalization is an extraordinarily high-risk period for suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs). Affective-cognitive constructs (ACCs) are salient risk factors for STBs, and intensive longitudinal metrics of these constructs may improve personalized risk detection and intervention. However, limited research has examined how within-person daily levels and between-person dynamic metrics of ACCs relate to STBs after hospital discharge. Adult psychiatric inpatients (N = 95) completed a 65-day ecological momentary assessment protocol after discharge as part of a 6-month follow-up period. Using dynamic structural equation models, we examined both within-person daily levels and between-person dynamic metrics (intensity, variability and inertia) of positive and negative affect, rumination, distress intolerance and emotion dysregulation as risk factors for STBs. Within-person lower daily levels of positive affect and higher daily levels of negative affect, rumination, distress intolerance and emotion dysregulation were risk factors for next-day suicidal ideation (SI). Same-day within-person higher rumination and negative affect were also risk factors for same-day SI. At the between-person level, higher overall positive affect was protective against active SI and suicidal behaviour over the 6-month follow-up, while greater variability of rumination and distress intolerance increased risk for active SI, suicidal behaviour and suicide attempt. The present study provides the most comprehensive examination to date of intensive longitudinal metrics of ACCs as risk factors for STBs. Results support the continued use of intensive longitudinal methods to improve STB risk detection. Interventions focusing on rumination and distress intolerance may specifically help to prevent suicidal crises during critical transitions in care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma T Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Leslie A Brick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Emily Mower Provost
- Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica R Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ivan W Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Psychosocial Research Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Heather T Schatten
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Psychosocial Research Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Haqiqatkhah MM, Ryan O, Hamaker EL. Skewness and Staging: Does the Floor Effect Induce Bias in Multilevel AR(1) Models? MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2024; 59:289-319. [PMID: 38160329 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2023.2254769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multilevel autoregressive models are popular choices for the analysis of intensive longitudinal data in psychology. Empirical studies have found a positive correlation between autoregressive parameters of affective time series and the between-person measures of psychopathology, a phenomenon known as the staging effect. However, it has been argued that such findings may represent a statistical artifact: Although common models assume normal error distributions, empirical data (for instance, measurements of negative affect among healthy individuals) often exhibit the floor effect, that is response distributions with high skewness, low mean, and low variability. In this paper, we investigated whether-and to what extent-the floor effect leads to erroneous conclusions by means of a simulation study. We describe three dynamic models which have meaningful substantive interpretations and can produce floor-effect data. We simulate multilevel data from these models, varying skewness independent of individuals' autoregressive parameters, while also varying the number of time points and cases. Analyzing these data with the standard multilevel AR(1) model we found that positive bias only occurs when modeling with random residual variance, whereas modeling with fixed residual variance leads to negative bias. We discuss the implications of our study for data collection and modeling choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MohammadHossein M Haqiqatkhah
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oisín Ryan
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen L Hamaker
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nestler S, Blozis SA. A latent variable mixed-effects location scale model that also considers between-person differences in the autocorrelation. Stat Med 2024; 43:89-101. [PMID: 37927154 DOI: 10.1002/sim.9943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In public health research an increasing number of studies is conducted in which intensive longitudinal data is collected in an experience sampling or a daily diary design. Typically, the resulting data is analyzed with a mixed-effects model or mixed-effects location scale model because they allow one to examine a host of interesting longitudinal research questions. Here, we introduce an extension of the mixed-effects location scale model in which measurement error of the observed variables is considered by a latent factor model and in which-in addition to the mean-or location-related effects-the residual variance of the latent factor and the parameters of the autoregressive process of this latent factor can differ between persons. We show how to estimate the parameters of the model with a maximum likelihood approach, whose performance is also compared with a Bayesian approach in a small simulation study. We illustrate the models using a real data example and end with a discussion in which we suggest questions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Nestler
- Institut für Psychologie, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Shelley A Blozis
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rodebaugh TL, Grossman JT, Tonge NA, Shin J, Frumkin MR, Rodriguez CR, Ortiz EG, Piccirillo ML. Avoidance and fear day by day in social anxiety disorder. Psychother Res 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38185095 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2297994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Theories assert that avoidance maintains maladaptive anxiety over time, yet a clear prospective test of this effect in the day-by-day lives of people with social anxiety disorder (SAD) is lacking. METHOD We used intensive longitudinal data to test prospective relationships between social fear and social avoidance in 32 participants with SAD who reported on a total of 4256 time points. RESULTS Results suggested that avoidance strongly predicted future anxiety, but only in a minority of people with SAD. Relationships between anxiety and avoidance varied considerably across individuals. Pre-registered tests found that the strength of autocorrelation for social fear is a good target for future testing of prediction of exposure response. Participants with lower autocorrelations were less likely to show between-session habituation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results suggest avoidance maintains fear in SAD for at least some individuals, but also indicates considerable variability. Further intensive longitudinal data is needed to examine individuals with SAD across varying time courses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Rodebaugh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jason T Grossman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Natasha A Tonge
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | - Jin Shin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Madelyn R Frumkin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Chavez R Rodriguez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Esteban G Ortiz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Goulter N, Cooke EM, Zheng Y. Callous-Unemotional Traits in Adolescents' Daily Life: Associations with Affect and Emotional and Conduct Problems. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:51-63. [PMID: 37249705 PMCID: PMC10787886 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Intensive longitudinal methods (e.g., daily diary) inform understanding of dynamic processes by parsing within-person state-like fluctuations from stable between-person trait-like differences. In this exploratory study, we investigated whether self-reported callous-unemotional (CU) traits (callousness, uncaring) demonstrated daily fluctuations, as well as whether daily CU traits were associated with multiple forms of daily emotional and behavioral functioning. A sample of 99 adolescents (55.8% female; Mage = 14.60 years) provided baseline information and completed a naturalistic 30-day diary reporting on CU traits, positive and negative affect, and emotional and conduct problems in their daily lives. Dynamic structural equation modeling revealed that many CU traits items showed within-person autoregressive and cross-lagged links; however, there was substantial between-person variation in within-person fluctuations across items. At the subscale level, cross-day associations were observed between callousness and uncaring, conduct problems and uncaring, positive affect and callousness, negative affect and emotional problems, and emotional problems and negative affect. By harnessing intensive longitudinal data, our findings provide preliminary state-level evidence of CU traits, as well as functional information with regards to CU traits and emotional and behavioral problems in daily life. We consider the implications of our findings in terms of informing future CU traits intensive longitudinal evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Goulter
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
| | - Eric M Cooke
- Criminal Justice Program, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, USA
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Castro-Alvarez S, Bringmann LF, Meijer RR, Tendeiro JN. A Time-Varying Dynamic Partial Credit Model to Analyze Polytomous and Multivariate Time Series Data. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2024; 59:78-97. [PMID: 37318274 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2023.2214787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The accessibility to electronic devices and the novel statistical methodologies available have allowed researchers to comprehend psychological processes at the individual level. However, there are still great challenges to overcome as, in many cases, collected data are more complex than the available models are able to handle. For example, most methods assume that the variables in the time series are measured on an interval scale, which is not the case when Likert-scale items were used. Ignoring the scale of the variables can be problematic and bias the results. Additionally, most methods also assume that the time series are stationary, which is rarely the case. To tackle these disadvantages, we propose a model that combines the partial credit model (PCM) of the item response theory framework and the time-varying autoregressive model (TV-AR), which is a popular model used to study psychological dynamics. The proposed model is referred to as the time-varying dynamic partial credit model (TV-DPCM), which allows to appropriately analyze multivariate polytomous data and nonstationary time series. We test the performance and accuracy of the TV-DPCM in a simulation study. Lastly, by means of an example, we show how to fit the model to empirical data and interpret the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Castro-Alvarez
- Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura F Bringmann
- Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob R Meijer
- Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge N Tendeiro
- Office of Research and Academia-Government-Community Collaboration, Education and Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Data Innovation, Hiroshima University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nestler S. A Mixed-Effects Model in Which the Parameters of the Autocorrelated Error Structure Can Differ between Individuals. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2024; 59:98-109. [PMID: 37351912 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2023.2217418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Research in psychology has seen a rapid increase in the usage of experience sampling methods and daily diary methods. The data that result from using these methods are typically analyzed with a mixed-effects or a multilevel model because it allows testing hypotheses about the time course of the longitudinally assessed variable or the influence of time-varying predictors in a simple way. Here, we describe an extension of this model that does not only allow to include random effects for the mean structure but also for the residual variance, for the parameter of an autoregressive process of order 1 and/or the parameter of a moving average process of order 1. After we have introduced this extension, we show how to estimate the parameters with maximum likelihood. Because the likelihood function contains complex integrals, we suggest using adaptive Gauss-Hermite quadrature and Quasi-Monte Carlo integration to approximate it. We illustrate the models using a real data example and also report the results of a small simulation study in which the two integral approximation methods are compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Nestler
- Institut für Psychologie, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bi S, Huang J, Cui L, Zhou H. Within-Family Associations Between Parental Psychological Control and Externalizing Problems Among Chinese Children: Links to Between-Family Mindful Parenting. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:65-77. [PMID: 37466747 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Previous longitudinal studies have documented bidirectional associations between parental psychological control and children's externalizing problems over months or years. However, most studies have only examined these associations at the between-family level, and there is a lack of intensive longitudinal data (ILD) on psychological control and children's externalizing problems. Thus, this daily diary study examined the bidirectional associations between parental psychological control and externalizing problems among Chinese children. Further, we explored whether between-family mindful parenting linked to the mean levels and daily fluctuations of parental psychological control and children's externalizing problems. The sample included 71 parents of children between 7 to 13 years old (50.7% male; Mage = 9.92, SD = 1.46). Our findings indicate that at the within-family level, higher parental psychological control than usual predicted increases in externalizing problems among children reported by parents the next day, but not vice versa. Furthermore, between-family mindful parenting was negatively associated with the mean levels of psychological control and children's externalizing problems, as well as with fewer fluctuations of parental psychological control. This study contributes to the understanding of the within-family associations between parental psychological control and children's externalizing problems on a daily basis. Finally, we discuss implications for prevention and intervention programs targeting negative parenting and child externalizing problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Bi
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixian Cui
- Division of Arts and Sciences, NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Somers JA, Stiles K, MacNaughton GA, Schiff SJ, Shen Y, Lee SS. Antecedents and Consequences of Child Externalizing Problems: Differences in Dynamic Parent-Child Processes. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:7-19. [PMID: 36917408 PMCID: PMC10542848 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Given that noncompliance is the most common externalizing problem during middle childhood and reliably predicts significant conduct problems, innovations in elucidating its etiology are sorely needed. Evaluation of in-the-moment antecedents and consequences of child noncompliance improves traction on this goal, given that multiple theories contend that child noncompliance and parent behavior mutually influence each other through negative reciprocation as well as contingent praise processes. Among a sample of 140 families (child age: 6-10 years; 32.1% female), the present study capitalized on intensive repeated measures of observed child noncompliance and parent negative talk and praise objectively coded during three unique tasks. We employed dynamic structural equation modeling to evaluate within-dyad parent-child behavioral dynamics and between-dyad differences therein. Results provided mixed support for hypotheses and suggested that antecedents and consequences of child noncompliance differed according to task demands and child ADHD symptoms. Contrary to models of coercive cycles, during child-led play, parent negative talk was more likely following prior child noncompliance, but child noncompliance was less likely following prior parent negative talk. As expected, during parent-led play, parent praise was less likely following prior child noncompliance, which was also less likely following prior parent praise. Relative to youth with fewer symptoms, for children with elevated ADHD symptoms, during a challenging clean-up task, child noncompliance was less stable and less contingent on prior parent negative talk. Results are discussed in terms of their implications of real-time parent-child interactions for typical and atypical development of externalizing problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Somers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Kelsey Stiles
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Sara J Schiff
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yixuan Shen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Steve S Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kil H, Sibalis A, Colasante T, Jambon M, Acland E, Suri A, Malti T, Andrade BF. Physiological Dysregulation in Children With and Without Externalizing Difficulties: Novel Insights From Intensive Longitudinal Data. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:21-33. [PMID: 37266759 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Extant research on physiological dysregulation in children has focused on point-in-time measures and absolute mean levels of physiology. However, these methods do not capture dynamic fluctuations in physiology that characterize dysregulation. In the present work, we aimed to assess whether physiological dysregulation as captured by fluctuations rather than mean levels would differentiate between children with and without clinically elevated levels of externalizing behavior. As an exploratory approach, we examined fluctuations in children's physiological responses (i.e., root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD] in beat-to-beat heart rate intervals) to social transgression scenarios across 15 short-term measurement occasions (5-second bins). Controlling for mean RMSSD, as well as emotional and cognitive correlates of externalizing behavior (i.e., sympathy and inhibitory control), children with externalizing difficulties exhibited greater within-person fluctuations in RMSSD (i.e., physiological dysregulation) compared to children without externalizing difficulties. The present findings provide preliminary support for using intensive longitudinal data comprised of short-term physiological measurements and point to the centrality of within-child physiological variability as a marker of dysregulation, particularly amongst children with externalizing disorders for whom self-regulation is a core challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hali Kil
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
- McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Annabel Sibalis
- McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tyler Colasante
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, & Policy (CCDMP), University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc Jambon
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Erinn Acland
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anjali Suri
- McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tina Malti
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, & Policy (CCDMP), University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ratner K, Gladstone JR, Zhu G, Li Q, Estevez M, Burrow AL. Purpose and goal pursuit as a self-sustaining system: Evidence of daily within-person reciprocity among adolescents in self-driven learning. J Pers 2023. [PMID: 38108114 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite long-standing assumptions that a sense of purpose in life and goal pursuit are mutually supportive, empirical evidence of their reciprocity remains deficient. In the context of a unique out-of-school time program that empowers youth to pursue passions through self-driven learning, we examined whether purpose and one aspect of goal pursuit-perceptions of goal progress-work together to sustain themselves and each other over time. METHOD Adolescents (N = 321) completed daily surveys throughout program enrollment (Menrollment = 69.09 days). Through dynamic structural equation modeling, we derived within-person patterns of day-to-day prediction as well as individual differences in these patterns. RESULTS We found purpose and perceived goal progress exhibited significant daily inertia (i.e., autoregressive prediction) and reciprocity (i.e., cross-lagged prediction) at the within-person level. We also found initial evidence suggesting (a) tighter reciprocity was related to greater perceived goal progress overall and (b) people with greater purpose inertia may rely less on making goal progress to sustain momentum. CONCLUSIONS With evidence of daily purpose-progress reciprocity, the field can look forward to replicating this work in other contexts, diving deeper into interesting patterns of within-person dynamics, and developing interventions to support youth striving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin Ratner
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jessica R Gladstone
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Gaoxia Zhu
- Learning Sciences and Assessment, National Institute of Education at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qingyi Li
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- School of Social Work, California State University, Chico, Chico, California, USA
| | | | - Anthony L Burrow
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mayer AM, Neubauer AB, Jugert P. What is in the news today? How media-related affect shapes adolescents' stance towards the EU. J Adolesc 2023; 95:1553-1563. [PMID: 37496181 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is regarded as a formative period for political development. One important developmental context is media. Negatively perceived political media content can foster populistic attitudes, which in turn decreases support of political institutions, such as the European Union (EU). As media valence effects are short-lived, this study examined intra-individual associations of media valence with European identity commitment and affect towards the EU, as well as indirect effects via populistic attitudes across 10 days. METHODS We implemented a 10-day daily diary study with 371 adolescents from Germany (January to February 2022). Adolescents were on average 14.24 years old (SD = 0.55) and 60.4% were female. We estimated the hypothesized associations using multilevel structural equation models and dynamic structural equation models. RESULTS We found significant associations between populistic attitudes and negative affect towards the EU on the same day and the next day. The lagged effect became nonsignificant, when including both same day and lagged effects into one model. Populistic attitudes were not significantly associated with European identity commitment within days or across days. Negative media content was associated with higher populistic attitudes on the same day and indirectly associated with negative affect towards the EU (b = -.01, 95% credible interval [-0.010, -0.004]). CONCLUSION Negatively perceived political media content was associated with higher populistic attitudes and more negative affect towards the EU concurrently. Our results imply that media plays an important role for adolescents' development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Mayer
- Department of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas B Neubauer
- Education and Human Development, DIPF, Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Philipp Jugert
- Department of Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chau AKC, So SHW, Barkus E. The role of loneliness and negative schemas in the moment-to-moment dynamics between social anxiety and paranoia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20775. [PMID: 38008774 PMCID: PMC10679161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety and paranoia often co-occur and exacerbate each other. While loneliness and negative schemas contribute to the development of social anxiety and paranoia separately, their role in the development of the two symptoms co-occurring is rarely considered longitudinally. This study examined the moment-to-moment relationship between social anxiety and paranoia, as well as the effects of loneliness and negative schemas on both experiences individually and coincidingly. A total of 134 non-clinical young adults completed experience sampling assessments of momentary social anxiety, paranoia, and loneliness ten times per day for six consecutive days. Participants' negative-self and -other schemas were assessed with the Brief Core Schema Scale. Dynamic structural equation modelling revealed a bidirectional relationship between social anxiety and paranoia across moments. Loneliness preceded increases in both symptoms in the next moment. Higher negative-self schema was associated with a stronger link from paranoia to social anxiety; whereas higher negative-other schema was associated with a stronger link from social anxiety to paranoia. Our findings support the reciprocal relationship between social anxiety and paranoia. While loneliness contributes to the development of social anxiety and paranoia, negative self and other schemas appear to modify the relationships between the two symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anson Kai Chun Chau
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, New Territories, 3/F Wong Foo Yuan Building, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzanne Ho-Wai So
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, New Territories, 3/F Wong Foo Yuan Building, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Emma Barkus
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ji L, Li Y, Potter LN, Lam CY, Nahum-Shani I, Wetter DW, Chow SM. Multiple imputation of missing data in multilevel ecological momentary assessments: an example using smoking cessation study data. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1099517. [PMID: 38026834 PMCID: PMC10676222 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1099517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in digital technology have greatly increased the ease of collecting intensive longitudinal data (ILD) such as ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) in studies of behavior changes. Such data are typically multilevel (e.g., with repeated measures nested within individuals), and are inevitably characterized by some degrees of missingness. Previous studies have validated the utility of multiple imputation as a way to handle missing observations in ILD when the imputation model is properly specified to reflect time dependencies. In this study, we illustrate the importance of proper accommodation of multilevel ILD structures in performing multiple imputations, and compare the performance of a multilevel multiple imputation (multilevel MI) approach relative to other approaches that do not account for such structures in a Monte Carlo simulation study. Empirical EMA data from a tobacco cessation study are used to demonstrate the utility of the multilevel MI approach, and the implications of separating participant- and study-initiated EMAs in evaluating individuals' affective dynamics and urge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linying Ji
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Yanling Li
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Lindsey N. Potter
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity, Huntsman Cancer Institute, and Intermountain Healthcare Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Cho Y. Lam
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity, Huntsman Cancer Institute, and Intermountain Healthcare Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Inbal Nahum-Shani
- Data-Science for Dynamic Decision-Making Center (d3c), Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David W. Wetter
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity, Huntsman Cancer Institute, and Intermountain Healthcare Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sy-Miin Chow
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Perinelli E, Vignoli M, Kröner F, Müller A, Genrich M, Fraccaroli F. Workers' emotional exhaustion and mental well-being over the COVID-19 pandemic: a Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling (DSEM) approach. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1222845. [PMID: 37868607 PMCID: PMC10585024 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1222845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges to the workforce, particularly concerning emotional and mental well-being. Given the prolonged periods of work-related stress, unexpected organizational changes, and uncertainties about work faced during the pandemic, it becomes imperative to study occupational health constructs under a dynamic methodological perspective, to understand their stable and unstable characteristics better. In this study, drawing on the Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling (DSEM) framework, we used a combination of multilevel AR(1) models, Residual-DSEM (RDSEM), multilevel bivariate VAR(1) models, and multilevel location-scale models to investigate the autoregression, trend, and (residual) cross-lagged relationships between emotional exhaustion (EmEx) and mental well-being (MWB) over the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected weekly on 533 workers from Germany (91.18%) and Italy (8.82%) who completed a self-reported battery (total number of observations = 3,946). Consistent with our hypotheses, results were as follows: (a) regarding autoregression, the autoregressive component for both EmEx and MWB was positive and significant, as well as it was their associated between-level variability; (b) regarding trend, over time EmEx significantly increased, while MWB significantly declined, furthermore both changes had a significant between-level variability; (c) regarding the longitudinal bivariate (cross-lagged) relationships, EmEx and MWB negatively and significantly affected each other from week to week, furthermore both cross-lagged relationships showed to have significant between-level variance. Overall, our study pointed attention to the vicious cycle between EmEx and MWB, even after controlling for their autoregressive component and trend, and supported the utility of DSEM in occupational health psychology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Perinelli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Michela Vignoli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Friedrich Kröner
- Institute of Psychology, Work & Organizational Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Institute of Psychology, Work & Organizational Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie Genrich
- Institute of Psychology, Work & Organizational Psychology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Franco Fraccaroli
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Heekerens JB, Schulze L, Enge J, Renneberg B, Roepke S. Increases in negative affective arousal precede lower self-esteem in patients with borderline personality disorder but not in patients with depressive disorders: an experience sampling approach. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2023; 10:29. [PMID: 37784203 PMCID: PMC10546701 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-023-00229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Instability in self-esteem and instability in affect are core features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). For decades, researchers and theorists have been interested in the temporal dynamics between these constructs. Some hypothesize that changes in affective states should precede changes in self-esteem (Linehan, Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. Diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, 1993), while others suggest that changes in self-esteem should precede changes in affective states (Kernberg, Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism, 1975). METHODS In this study, we investigated the temporal relations between negative affective arousal states and current self-esteem in daily life. Patients with BPD (n = 42) or depressive disorders (DD; n = 40), and non-clinical controls (NCC; n = 40) were assessed every 15 min for 13 h. RESULTS As expected, dynamic structural equation modeling showed higher levels of average daily negative affective arousal and lower levels of average daily self-esteem in the BPD group compared with the NCC group, and scores in the DD group were in-between the BPD and the NCC groups. In line with predictions based on Linehan's (Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. Diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders, 1993) model of affective dysregulation in BPD, negative affective arousal (t) and subsequent self-esteem (t+ 1) were significantly linked only in the BPD group, implying that higher negative affective arousal is followed by lower current self-esteem in the next measurement (ca. 15 min later). Importantly, self-esteem (t) and subsequent negative affective arousal (t + 1) were not significantly related (Kernberg, Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism, 1975). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest close dynamic temporal relations between affective instability and self-esteem instability in BPD, which highlights the importance of providing patients with means to effectively modulate high negative affective arousal states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bodo Heekerens
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lars Schulze
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Juliane Enge
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Babette Renneberg
- Department of Education and Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Stefan Roepke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bond MH, Wickham RE. Using Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling to Examine Between- and Within-Persons Factor Structure of the DASS-21. Assessment 2023; 30:2115-2127. [PMID: 36482683 PMCID: PMC10476544 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221137541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The recent integration of traditional time series analysis and confirmatory factor analysis techniques allows researchers to evaluate the psychometric properties of measurement instruments at between- and within-persons levels while accounting for autoregressive dependencies. The current study applies a dynamic structural equation modeling (SEM) latent factor analysis (i.e., DSEM-CFA) to a sample of 333 individuals who completed the DASS-21 at their regular therapy sessions. The results of the DSEM-CFA illuminate the reliability, invariance, and structural features of each DASS-21 subscale both between and within persons. The results suggest that the DASS-21 reliably measures depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms when evaluating differences between persons, but does not reliably assess within-persons fluctuations in symptoms over time. The results also suggest that currently accepted methods of modeling sensitivity to change within an instrument are likely lacking and the DSEM-CFA provides insight into reliability within and between persons, which is extremely important for instruments used across time.
Collapse
|
41
|
Schneider S, Junghaenel DU. Estimating reliabilities and correcting for sampling error in indices of within-person dynamics derived from intensive longitudinal data. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:3872-3891. [PMID: 36261649 PMCID: PMC10114667 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-01995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Psychology has witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of intensive longitudinal data (ILD) to study within-person processes, accompanied by a growing number of indices used to capture individual differences in within-person dynamics (WPD). The reliability of WPD indices is rarely investigated and reported in empirical studies. Unreliability in these indices can bias parameter estimates and yield erroneous conclusions. We propose an approach to (a) estimate the reliability and (b) correct for sampling error of WPD indices using "Level-1 variance-known" (V-known) multilevel models (Raudenbush & Bryk, 2002). When WPD indices are calculated for each individual, the sampling variance of the observed WPD scores is typically falsely assumed to be zero. V-known models replace this "zero" with an approximate sampling variance fixed at Level 1 to estimate the true variance of the index at Level 2, following random effects meta-analysis principles. We demonstrate how V-known models can be applied to a broad range of emotion dynamics commonly derived from ILD, including indices of the average level (mean), variability (intraindividual standard deviation), instability (probability of acute change), bipolarity (correlation), differentiation (intraclass correlation), inertia (autocorrelation), and relative variability (relative standard deviation) of emotions. A simulation study shows the usefulness of V-known models to recover the true reliability of these indices. Using a 21-day diary study, we illustrate the implementation of the proposed approach to obtain reliability estimates and to correct for unreliability of WPD indices in real data. The techniques may facilitate psychometrically sound inferences from WPD indices in this burgeoning research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schneider
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Doerte U Junghaenel
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science & Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Boele S, Bülow A, Beltz AM, de Haan A, Denissen JJA, Keijsers L. The direction of effects between parenting and adolescent affective well-being in everyday life is family specific. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16106. [PMID: 37752173 PMCID: PMC10522680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous theories and empirical studies have suggested that parents and their adolescent children reciprocally influence each other. As most studies have focused on group-level patterns, however, it remained unclear whether this was true for every family. To investigate potential heterogeneity in directionality, we applied a novel idiographic approach to examine the effects between parenting and adolescent well-being in each family separately. For 100 days, 159 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 13.31, 62% female) reported on affective well-being and four parenting dimensions. The family-specific effects of pre-registered ( https://osf.io/7n2jx/ ) dynamic structural equation models indeed revealed that a reciprocal day-to-day association between parenting and adolescent affective well-being was present only in some families, with the proportion of families displaying a reciprocal association varying across the four parenting dimensions (11-55%). In other families, either parenting predicted the adolescent's affective well-being (8-43%) or vice versa (10-27%), or no day-to-day associations were found (16-60%). Adolescents with higher trait levels of environmental sensitivity and neuroticism were more strongly affected by parenting. Thus, findings suggest that the ways in which parents and adolescents influence each other in everyday life are unique, stressing the need to move towards an idiographic parenting science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Boele
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anne Bülow
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriene M Beltz
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Amaranta de Haan
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J A Denissen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Loes Keijsers
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Brown RH, Speyer LG, Eisner MP, Ribeaud D, Murray A. Exploring the effect of ADHD traits on the moment-to-moment interplay between provocation and aggression: Evidence from dynamic structural equation modeling. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:469-479. [PMID: 36891623 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The relation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and aggression is well documented; however, the processes that account for higher levels of aggression associated with ADHD in the course of daily life are little understood. The current study used ecological momentary assessment to explore how ADHD traits relate to individual differences in perceiving provocation from others and the resultant aggressive behaviors; and the strengths of the links between provocation and aggression in the flow of daily life. A dynamic structural equation model was fit using data from a subpopulation of young adults involved in the longitudinal z-proso study (n = 259, median-age 20). Data on provocation and aggression was collected at four quasi-random time periods per day over a 14-day period. Individuals with higher ADHD trait levels reported higher instances of provocation and aggression, with ADHD traits significantly moderating aggression inertia such that those with higher levels of ADHD traits showed greater persistence of aggressive behavior over time. However, ADHD trait levels did not significantly moderate any of the observed cross-lagged effects. Our findings suggest that individuals with higher levels of ADHD traits are at greater risk of exposure to interpersonal interactions involving interpersonal provocation, show higher levels of aggressive behavior in daily life, and find it more difficult to reduce their aggression once triggered. These findings support the importance of targeting factors such as social skills and emotion regulation that may underpin the increased difficulties in interpersonal interactions often experienced by individuals with high levels of ADHD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth H Brown
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lydia G Speyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Manuel P Eisner
- Violence Research Centre, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Ribeaud
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aja Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Stapp EK, Zipunnikov V, Leroux A, Cui L, Husky MM, Dey D, Merikangas KR. Specificity of affective dynamics of bipolar and major depressive disorder. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3134. [PMID: 37574463 PMCID: PMC10498074 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here, we examine whether the dynamics of the four dimensions of the circumplex model of affect assessed by ecological momentary assessment (EMA) differ among those with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Participants aged 11-85 years (n = 362) reported momentary sad, anxious, active, and energetic dimensional states four times per day for 2 weeks. Individuals with lifetime mood disorder subtypes of bipolar-I, bipolar-II, and MDD derived from a semistructured clinical interview were compared to each other and to controls without a lifetime history of psychiatric disorders. Random effects from individual means, inertias, innovation (residual) variances, and cross-lags across the four affective dimensions simultaneously were derived from multivariate dynamic structural equation models. RESULTS All mood disorder subtypes were associated with higher levels of sad and anxious mood and lower energy than controls. Those with bipolar-I had lower average activation, and lower energy that was independent of activation, compared to MDD or controls. However, increases in activation were more likely to perpetuate in those with bipolar-I. Bipolar-II was characterized by higher lability of sad and anxious mood compared to bipolar-I and controls but not MDD. Compared to BD and controls, those with MDD exhibited cross-augmentation of sadness and anxiety, and sadness blunted energy. CONCLUSION Bipolar-I is more strongly characterized by activation and energy than sad and anxious mood. This distinction has potential implications for both specificity of intervention targets and differential pathways underlying these dynamic affective systems. Confirmation of the longer term stability and generalizability of these findings in future studies is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma K. Stapp
- Genetic Epidemiology Research BranchNational Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public HealthGeorge Washington UniversityWashington, D.C.USA
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of BiostatisticsJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Andrew Leroux
- Department of Biostatistics and InformaticsUniversity of Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Lihong Cui
- Genetic Epidemiology Research BranchNational Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Mathilde M. Husky
- Bordeaux Population Health Research CenterUniversity of BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Debangan Dey
- Genetic Epidemiology Research BranchNational Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Kathleen R. Merikangas
- Genetic Epidemiology Research BranchNational Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gómez-Penedo JM, Babl A, Dyresen A, Fernández-Álvarez J, Flückiger C, Grosse Holtforth M. Problem mastery and motivational clarification as mechanisms of change in cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2023; 167:104343. [PMID: 37307656 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In process-outcome research, there is a growing body of literature investigating the therapeutic mechanisms underlying the promotion of positive change. This study investigated the between- and within-patient effects of problem mastery and motivational clarification on outcome in patients receiving two variations of cognitive therapies for depression. METHODS This study drew on data of a randomized controlled trial conducted at an outpatient clinic and included 140 patients randomly assigned to 22 sessions of either cognitive-behavioral therapy or exposure-based cognitive therapy. To address the nested structure of the data and analyze mechanism effects, we used multilevel dynamic structural equations models. RESULTS We found significant within-patient effects of both problem mastery and motivational clarification on subsequent outcome. CONCLUSION The results suggest that changes in problem mastery and motivational clarification precede symptom improvement during cognitive therapy for depressed patients and thus there may be benefit in fostering these putative mechanisms during psychotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Martín Gómez-Penedo
- Psychology Department, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Lavalle 2353, 1052, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, 8 Binzmühlestr. 14, 8050, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Babl
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Gordon F. Derner Institute of Advanced Psychological Studies, Adelphi University, 1 South Avenue, 11530-0701, Garden City, United States
| | - Agnete Dyresen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; The Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Forskningsveien 3A, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Javier Fernández-Álvarez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Christoph Flückiger
- Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, 8 Binzmühlestr. 14, 8050, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Grosse Holtforth
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Psychosomatic Competence Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Iwamoto BK, Neece CL, Nair A, Rockwood NJ, Fenning RM, Krantz ML, Van Dyk TR. Exploring Bidirectional Relationships: Child Sleep Duration, Child Behavior Problems, and Parenting Stress in Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 2023; 106:102197. [PMID: 37484880 PMCID: PMC10358315 DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are at-risk for sleep and behavior problems, and their parents are at-risk for high stress. Child sleep duration, behavior problems, and parenting stress are interrelated; however, directionality of these associations is unclear and research including youth with ASD is lacking. Using a day-to-day, within-person design, this study explores the directionality of these relationships in families of children with ASD. Method Twenty-six children (ages 3-5, 73.1% male, 65.4% Hispanic/Latino) with ASD and their mothers participated in a 14-day study. Child sleep duration (parent-report and actigraphy), behavior problems, and parenting stress were measured daily. Constructs were decomposed into their within- and between-person components and analyzed with random intercept cross-lagged panel models. Results While between-person relationships were directionally expected in that shorter sleep, more behavior problems, and greater parenting stress were associated, within-person relationships were complicated. Better-than-average child behavior was associated with less next-day parenting stress, yet more parenting stress than average was associated with better next-day child behavior. As expected, longer-than-average child sleep was associated with less next-day parenting stress, while greater child behavior problems were associated with less sleep that night. Conclusions Understanding the directionality of associations between child and parent factors allows for the optimization of interventions to improve the quality of life for families of children with ASD. Interventions that target child behavior and/or help parents manage stress while maintaining effective parenting strategies for sleep and behavior may be useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke K. Iwamoto
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University; 11130 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Cameron L. Neece
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University; 11130 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Aarti Nair
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University; 11130 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Rockwood
- Division of Interdisciplinary Studies, Loma Linda University; 11065 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States
| | - Rachel M. Fenning
- Department of Psychological Science and The Claremont Autism Center, Claremont McKenna College; 850 Columbia Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711, United States
| | - Megan L. Krantz
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University; 11130 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Tori R. Van Dyk
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University; 11130 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pyatak EA, Spruijt-Metz D, Schneider S, Hernandez R, Pham LT, Hoogendoorn CJ, Peters AL, Crandall J, Jin H, Lee PJ, Gonzalez JS. Impact of Overnight Glucose on Next-Day Functioning in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: An Exploratory Intensive Longitudinal Study. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:1345-1353. [PMID: 36862940 PMCID: PMC10300522 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While there is evidence that functioning, or ability to perform daily life activities, can be adversely influenced by type 1 diabetes, the impact of acute fluctuations in glucose levels on functioning is poorly understood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using dynamic structural equation modeling, we examined whether overnight glucose (coefficient of variation[CV], percent time <70 mg/dL, percent time >250 mg/dL) predicted seven next-day functioning outcomes (mobile cognitive tasks, accelerometry-derived physical activity, self-reported activity participation) in adults with type 1 diabetes. We examined mediation, moderation, and whether short-term relationships were predictive of global patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS Overall next-day functioning was significantly predicted from overnight CV (P = 0.017) and percent time >250 mg/dL (P = 0.037). Pairwise tests indicate that higher CV is associated with poorer sustained attention (P = 0.028) and lower engagement in demanding activities (P = 0.028), time <70 mg/dL is associated with poorer sustained attention (P = 0.007), and time >250 mg/dL is associated with more sedentary time (P = 0.024). The impact of CV on sustained attention is partially mediated by sleep fragmentation. Individual differences in the effect of overnight time <70 mg/dL on sustained attention predict global illness intrusiveness (P = 0.016) and diabetes-related quality of life (P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Overnight glucose predicts problems with objective and self-reported next-day functioning and can adversely impact global patient-reported outcomes. These findings across diverse outcomes highlight the wide-ranging effects of glucose fluctuations on functioning in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Pyatak
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Donna Spruijt-Metz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stefan Schneider
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Raymond Hernandez
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Loree T. Pham
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Claire J. Hoogendoorn
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Anne L. Peters
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jill Crandall
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Haomiao Jin
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K
| | - Pey-Jiuan Lee
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeffrey S. Gonzalez
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
- Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lewis KJS, Tilling K, Gordon-Smith K, Saunders KEA, Di Florio A, Jones L, Jones I, O'Donovan MC, Heron J. The dynamic interplay between sleep and mood: an intensive longitudinal study of individuals with bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3345-3354. [PMID: 35074035 PMCID: PMC10277721 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are important symptoms to monitor in people with bipolar disorder (BD) but the precise longitudinal relationships between sleep and mood remain unclear. We aimed to examine associations between stable and dynamic aspects of sleep and mood in people with BD, and assess individual differences in the strength of these associations. METHODS Participants (N = 649) with BD-I (N = 400) and BD-II (N = 249) provided weekly self-reports of insomnia, depression and (hypo)mania symptoms using the True Colours online monitoring tool for 21 months. Dynamic structural equation models were used to examine the interplay between weekly reports of insomnia and mood. The effects of clinical and demographic characteristics on associations were also assessed. RESULTS Increased variability in insomnia symptoms was associated with increased mood variability. In the sample as a whole, we found strong evidence of bidirectional relationships between insomnia and depressive symptoms but only weak support for bidirectional relationships between insomnia and (hypo)manic symptoms. We found substantial variability between participants in the strength of prospective associations between insomnia and mood, which depended on age, gender, bipolar subtype, and a history of rapid cycling. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of monitoring sleep in people with BD. However, researchers and clinicians investigating the association between sleep and mood should consider subgroup differences in this relationship. Advances in digital technology mean that intensive longitudinal data on sleep and mood are becoming increasingly available. Novel methods to analyse these data present an exciting opportunity for furthering our understanding of BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. J. S. Lewis
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - K. Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K. Gordon-Smith
- Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - K. E. A. Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - A. Di Florio
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - L. Jones
- Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - I. Jones
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M. C. O'Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J. Heron
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Primack JM, Quinn MJ, Carskadon MA, Holman CS, Nazem S, Kelsey MR, Fedorenko EJ, McGeary S, Brick LA, McGeary JE. Longitudinal assessment of the sleep suicide link in Veterans: methods and study protocol. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 4:zpad025. [PMID: 37303865 PMCID: PMC10254730 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although sleep disruption has emerged as a theoretically consistent and empirically supported suicide risk factor, the mechanistic pathways underlying the sleep-suicide link are less understood. This paper describes the methodology of a study intended to examine longitudinal mechanisms driving the link between sleep and suicide in Veterans at elevated suicide risk. Participants will be 140 Veterans hospitalized for suicide attempt or ideation with plan and intent or those identified through the Suicide Prevention Coordinator (SPC) office as being at acute risk. After study enrollment, actigraphy and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data will be collected for 8 weeks, with follow-up assessments occurring at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 26 weeks. Participants respond to EMA questionnaires, derived from psychometrically validated assessments targeting emotional reactivity, emotion regulation, impulsivity, suicide risk, and sleep timing constructs, five times a day. First and last daily EMA target sleep parameters including sleep quantity, quality, timing, nightmares, and nocturnal awakenings. During follow-up assessments, participants will complete self-report assessments and interviews consistent with EMA constructs and the Iowa Gambling Task. The primary outcome for aim 1 is suicide ideation severity and for the primary outcome for aim 2 is suicide behavior. Findings from this study will improve our understanding of the dynamic interactions among sleep disturbance, emotion reactivity/regulation, and impulsivity to inform conceptual Veteran sleep-suicide mechanistic models. Improved models will be critical to optimizing the precision of suicide prevention efforts that aim to intervene and mitigate risk in Veteran populations, especially during a period of acute risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Primack
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Mary A Carskadon
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- E.P. Bradley Hospital, Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Caroline S Holman
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sarra Nazem
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination & Training Division, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Erick J Fedorenko
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Leslie A Brick
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rodebaugh TL, Piccirillo ML, Frumkin MR, Kallogjeri D, Gerull KM, Piccirillo JF. Investigating Individual Variation Using Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling: A Tutorial with Tinnitus. Clin Psychol Sci 2023; 11:574-591. [PMID: 37408827 PMCID: PMC10321503 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221129279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests that standard group-based models might provide little insight regarding individuals. In the current study, we sought to compare group-based and individual predictors of bothersome tinnitus, illustrating how researchers can use dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) for intensive longitudinal data to examine whether findings from analyses of the group apply to individuals. A total of 43 subjects with bothersome tinnitus responded to up to 200 surveys each. In multi-level DSEM models, survey items loaded on three factors (tinnitus bother, cognitive symptoms, and anxiety) and results indicated a reciprocal relationship between tinnitus bother and anxiety. In fully idiographic models, the three-factor model fit poorly for two individuals, and the multilevel model did not generalize to most individuals, possibly due to limited power. Research examining heterogeneous conditions such as tinnitus bother may benefit from methods such as DSEM that allow researchers to model dynamic relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Rodebaugh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis
| | - Marilyn L Piccirillo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis
| | - Madelyn R Frumkin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis
| | - Dorina Kallogjeri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis
| | - Katherine M Gerull
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis
| | - Jay F Piccirillo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis
| |
Collapse
|