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Bijani S, Kashfi FS, Zahedi-Vanjani S, Nedaei K, Sharafi A, Kalantari-Hesari A, Hosseini MJ. The role of gender differences in the outcome of juvenile social isolation: Emphasis on changes in behavioral, biochemical and expression of nitric oxide synthase genes alteration. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28964. [PMID: 38617928 PMCID: PMC11015403 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Social isolation can cause serious problem in performance of individuals in community. As gender differences may cause variation results in the severity of depressive behavior and response of patients to therapy, the impact of gender and the interaction of the level of endocrine secretion in depression were investigated in this study. Wistar rats of both sexes were subjected to post-weaning social isolation (PWSI) conditions and, together with the control group, experienced several behavioral tests including open-field Test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), force swimming test (FST), splash test and novel object recognition test (NOR). Hippocampal tissue was isolated to measure biochemical factors such as nitric oxide level, FRAP amount, MDA level. In addition, real-time-PCR test was used to quantify the genes expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). On the other hand, sexual hormone levels in blood were measured. Both cognitive and behavioral f unctions were declined as the result of PWSI induction in male and diestrus female rats. The consequent surge of estradiol during estrous phase seems to suppress the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modulate iNOS and nNOS expression. In conclusion, while the pattern of PWSI in surge cellular antioxidants, raising cellular ROS level is gender-specific, this alleviation was in relation with the drop of estradiol and unrelated with testosterone level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Bijani
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Kashfi
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sadaf Zahedi-Vanjani
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Keivan Nedaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Sharafi
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mir-Jamal Hosseini
- Zanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Pathobiology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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2
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Jeon D, Kim S, Lee SK, Chu K. Chronic social stress in early life can predispose mice to antisocial maltreating behavior. ENCEPHALITIS 2024; 4:23-30. [PMID: 38444108 PMCID: PMC11007547 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2023.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose In our previous study, we developed an assay system to evaluate antisocial maltreating behavior of conspecific mice using a perpetrator-victim paradigm. We also generated a mouse model for the maltreating behavior by mimicking child maltreatment or abuse. Here, we further investigate the antisocial behavior using anti-aggressive and antipsychotic drugs. Methods Model mice sequentially subjected to maternal separation (MS), social defeat (SD), and social isolation (SI) in that order (MS/SD/SI model) were subjected to a maltreating behavioral task. The MS/SD/SI mice were treated with oxytocin (OXY), clozapine (CLZ), haloperidol (HAL), and 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used for protein analysis. Results A substantial portion of the MS/SD/SI model mice (46% of males and 40% of females) showed a higher number of nose pokes than the control. OXY or 8-OH-DPAT treatment reduced the high number of nose pokes by the MS/SD/SI mice, whereas HAL increased it. CLZ did not affect the number of nose pokes by the MS/SD/SI mice. Interestingly, although the OXY level in the MS/SD/SI mice was similar to that in the control, the amount of OXY receptor was lower in the MS/SD/SI mice. The amount of 5-HT1A receptor was also decreased in the MS/SD/SI mice. Conclusion Chronic social stress in childhood might predispose a mouse to antisocial behavior. Our maltreating behavior assay system, including the MS/SD/SI model, is a good animal system for research on and drug screening for brain disorders associated with antisocial or psychotic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Chahuan S, Grover S, Singh S. Amelioration of modified chronic unpredictable stress using Celastrus paniculatus seed oil alone and in combination with fluoxetine. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:879-894. [PMID: 35943180 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2105862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The various stressors in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) triggers depressive behavior, impairs learning, and decision-making abilities. The present study investigated the effects of Celastrus paniculatus seed oil (CPSO) alone and in combination with fluoxetine (FLU) in modified CUS (mCUS) induced depression in mice. In this study, adult albino mice were subjected to a modified version of CUS protocol having six different stressors and were applied daily consistently for 15 days. The post-treatment with CPSO (50 and 100 mg/kg) and FLU (10 mg/kg) alone and in combination from day 16th to 36th. Group I: normal control; group II: diseased control (mCUS subjected group); group III: CPSO (50 mg/kg); group IV: CPSO (100 mg/kg); group V: CPSO (50 mg/kg)+FLU (10 mg/kg); group VI: CPSO (100 mg/kg)+FLU (10 mg/kg); group VII: FLU (10 mg/kg); group VIII: FLU (20 mg/kg). During experimentation, various behavioral, biochemical, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and neurotransmitters level were checked. The CUS treated mice exhibited increased escaped latency, decreased number of open arm entries, increased immobility time, decreased percentage of sucrose consumption, and number of the boxes crossed as compared to the normal group. The post-treatment with the CPSO 50 + FLU 10, CPSO 100 + FLU 10, FLU 10 significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated behavioral, biochemical, inflammation, corticosteroid, and neurotransmitters level as compared to CPSO 50, CPSO 100, and FLU 20 alone. CPSO along with FLU appreciably achieved anti-depressant effect via lowering stress, inflammation, corticosteroid level, and restoration of neurotransmitters level in mCUS induced depression mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Chahuan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Sania Grover
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
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Baek SY, Lee J, Kim T, Lee H, Choi HS, Park H, Koh M, Kim E, Jung ME, Iliopoulos D, Lee JY, Kim J, Lee S. Development of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor unveils the role of HDAC11 in alleviating depression by inhibition of microglial activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115312. [PMID: 37567072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key epigenetic regulators and classified into four subtypes. Despite the various roles of each HDAC isoform, the lack of selective HDAC inhibitors has limited the elucidation of their roles in biological systems. HDAC11, the sole class-IV HDAC, is highly expressed in the brain, however, the role of HDAC11 in microglia is not fully understood. Based on the modification of MC1568, we developed a novel HDAC inhibitor, 5. Interestingly, 5 suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation by the initiation of autophagy and subsequent inhibition of nitric oxide production. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 5 significantly alleviates depression-like behavior by inhibiting microglial activation in mouse brain. Our discovery reveals that specific pharmacological regulation of HDAC11 induces autophagy and reactive nitrogen species balance in microglia for the first time, which makes HDAC11 a new therapeutic target for depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Baek
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Jeehee Lee
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Taegwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Integrative Institute of Basic Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, South Korea
| | - Hyelim Lee
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Hoon-Seong Choi
- Research Animal Resources Center, Research Resources Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Hahnbeom Park
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Minseob Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Eunha Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Michael E Jung
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeong-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Jonghoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Integrative Institute of Basic Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, South Korea.
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, South Korea; Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
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5
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Boyle CC, Bower JE, Eisenberger NI, Irwin MR. Stress to inflammation and anhedonia: Mechanistic insights from preclinical and clinical models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105307. [PMID: 37419230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Anhedonia, as evidenced by impaired pleasurable response to reward, reduced reward motivation, and/or deficits in reward-related learning, is a common feature of depression. Such deficits in reward processing are also an important clinical target as a risk factor for depression onset. Unfortunately, reward-related deficits remain difficult to treat. To address this gap and inform the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies, it is critical to understand the mechanisms that drive impairments in reward function. Stress-induced inflammation is a plausible mechanism of reward deficits. The purpose of this paper is to review evidence for two components of this psychobiological pathway: 1) the effects of stress on reward function; and 2) the effects of inflammation on reward function. Within these two areas, we draw upon preclinical and clinical models, distinguish between acute and chronic effects of stress and inflammation, and address specific domains of reward dysregulation. By addressing these contextual factors, the review reveals a nuanced literature which might be targeted for additional scientific inquiry to inform the development of precise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C Boyle
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA.
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA; Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Irwin
- Norman Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA, USA
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Tripathi A, Bartosh A, Whitehead C, Pillai A. Activation of cell-free mtDNA-TLR9 signaling mediates chronic stress-induced social behavior deficits. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3806-3815. [PMID: 37528226 PMCID: PMC10730412 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and social behavior deficits are associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Chronic stress, a major risk factor for depression and other mental health conditions is known to increase inflammatory responses and social behavior impairments. Disturbances in mitochondria function have been found in chronic stress conditions, however the mechanisms that link mitochondrial dysfunction to stress-induced social behavior deficits are not well understood. In this study, we found that chronic restraint stress (RS) induces significant increases in serum cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) levels in mice, and systemic Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) treatment attenuated RS-induced social behavioral deficits. Our findings revealed potential roles of mitophagy and Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) in mediating chronic stress-induced changes in cf-mtDNA levels and social behavior. Furthermore, we showed that inhibition of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) attenuates mtDNA-induced social behavior deficits. Together, these findings show that cf-mtDNA-TLR9 signaling is critical in mediating stress-induced social behavior deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Tripathi
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alona Bartosh
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carl Whitehead
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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7
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Tan Z, Dong F, Wu L, Feng Y, Zhang M, Zhang F. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Alleviates Brain Ischemic Injury by Regulating Neuronal Oxidative Stress, Pyroptosis, and Mitophagy. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:5677865. [PMID: 37101593 PMCID: PMC10125764 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5677865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a noninvasive treatment, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been utilized to treat various diseases in clinic. However, whether TENS can be an effective intervention in the acute stage of ischemic stroke still remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether TENS could alleviate brain infarct volume, reduce oxidative stress and neuronal pyroptosis, and activate mitophagy following ischemic stroke. Methods TENS was performed at 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in rats for 3 consecutive days. Neurological scores, the volume of infarction, and the activity of SOD, MDA, GSH, and GSH-px were measured. Moreover, western blot was performed to detect the related protein expression, including Bcl-2, Bax, TXNIP, GSDMD, caspase-1, NLRP3, BRCC3, HIF-1α, BNIP3, LC3, and P62. Real-time PCR was performed to detect NLRP3 expression. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect the levels of LC3. Results There was no significant difference of neurological deficit scores between the MCAO group and the TENS group at 2 h after MCAO/R operation (P > 0.05), while the neurological deficit scores of TENS group significantly decreased in comparison with MCAO group at 72 h following MACO/R injury (P < 0.05). Similarly, TENS treatment significantly reduced the brain infarct volume compared with the MCAO group (P < 0.05). Moreover, TENS decreased the expression of Bax, TXNIP, GSDMD, caspase-1, BRCC3, NLRP3, and P62 and the activity of MDA as well as increasing the level of Bcl-2, HIF-1α, BNIP3, and LC3 and the activity of SOD, GSH, and GSH-px (P < 0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, our results indicated that TENS alleviated brain damage following ischemic stroke via inhibiting neuronal oxidative stress and pyroptosis and activating mitophagy, possibly via the regulation of TXNIP, BRCC3/NLRP3, and HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 05005, China
| | - Linyu Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yashuo Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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Pansarim V, Leite-Panissi CRA, Schmidt A. Chronic Restraint Stress Alters Rat Behavior Depending on Sex and Duration of Stress. Behav Processes 2023; 207:104856. [PMID: 36921909 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic restraint stress (CRS) can have different behavioral effects depending on variables associated with the stressor and the organism. This study aimed to verify the effect of the interaction between sex and duration of the CRS protocol in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided by sex, intervention (CRS; control), and CRS duration (11 days; 22 days). Rats exposed to CRS showed better spatial learning than controls in the Morris water maze test, regardless of sex and stress duration. Males exposed to CRS for 11 days showed a higher rate of behaviors associated with anxiety than males exposed to 22 days of CRS at the elevated plus maze test, but the same was not observed in females. The weight gain of animals exposed to stress decreased in the first 11 days, showing a recovery from day 11 to day 22 of intervention. No effects of CRS were observed on behaviors associated with depression in the sucrose preference test. The results suggest habituation to the protocol, with a progressive decrease in the harmful effects of stress on and maintenance of the beneficial effects. It is possible that females are more resistant to the harmful effects of CRS on anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Pansarim
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto,; University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Christie R A Leite-Panissi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto,; University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto,; University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Markers in Cerebral Microvasculature by Mentally Depressive Stress. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:4206316. [PMID: 36852396 PMCID: PMC9966573 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4206316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is recognized as the leading cause of permanent disability worldwide. Depressive disorders are associated with increased incidence of CVD. The goal of this study was to establish a chronic restraint stress (CRS) model for mice and examine the effect of stress on cerebrovascular inflammation and oxidative stress responses. Methods A total of forty 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the CRS and control groups. In the CRS group (n = 20), mice were placed in a well-ventilated Plexiglas tube for 6 hours per day for 28 consecutive days. On day 29, open field tests (OFT) and sucrose preference tests (SPT) were performed to assess depressive-like behaviors for the two groups (n = 10/group). Macrophage infiltration into the brain tissue upon stress was analyzed by measuring expression of macrophage marker (CD68) with immunofluorescence in both the CRS and control groups (n = 10/group). Cerebral microvasculature was isolated from the CRS and controls (n = 10/group). mRNA and protein expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the brain vessels were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot (n = 10/group). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) activities were quantified by ELISA to study the oxidative profile of the brain vessels (n = 10/group). Additionally, mRNA and protein expressions of NOX subunits (gp91phox, p47phox, p67phox, and p22phox) in the cerebrovascular endothelium were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot (n = 10/group). Results CRS decreased the total distances (p < 0.05) and the time spent in the center zone in OFT (p < 0.001) and sucrose preference test ratio in SPT (p < 0.01). Positive ratio of CD68+ was increased with CRS in the entire region of the brain (p < 0.001), reflecting increased macrophage infiltration. CRS increased the expression of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in the cerebral microvasculature, including TNF-α (p < 0.001), IL-1β (p < 0.05), IL-6 (p < 0.05), VCAM-1 (p < 0.01), MCP-1 (p < 0.01), ROS (p < 0.001), and H2O2 (p < 0.001). NADPH oxidase (NOX) was activated by CRS (p < 0.01), and mRNA and protein expressions of NOX subunits (gp91phox, p47phox, p67phox, and p22phox) in brain microvasculature were found to be increased. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that CRS induces depressive stress and causes inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in the brain microvasculature.
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Reguilón MD, Ballestín R, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Resilience to social defeat stress in adolescent male mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110591. [PMID: 35697171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adverse social experiences during adolescence are associated with the appearance of mental illness in adulthood. Social defeat (SD) is an ethologically valid murine model to study the consequences of social stress. In adolescent mice, SD induces depressive-like behaviors, increased anxiety and potentiates the reinforcing effects of cocaine and alcohol. However, not all mice exposed to SD will be susceptible to these effects. Adult mice resilient to the effects of SD show a consistent phenotype being resilient to depressive-like behaviors and to the increase in cocaine and alcohol consumption. The aim of the present study was to characterize the resilient phenotype to depressive-like behaviors and increase cocaine and ethanol rewarding effects of mice socially defeated during adolescence. To that end, adolescent mice were exposed to repeated SD, and 24 h after the last encounter, they underwent a social interaction test (SIT) in order to evaluate depressive-like behaviors. Cocaine-induced reward conditioning and ethanol intake was evaluated in two different sets of mice 3 weeks after the last SD using cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and oral ethanol self-administration (SA). The neuroinflammation response was measured at the end of the experimental procedure by measuring striatal and cortical levels of IL-6 and CX3CL1. The results confirmed that a comparable percentage of adolescent mice develop resilience to depressive-like behaviors to that observed in adult mice. However, increased anxiety was more severe in resilient mice. Likewise, an increased preference for an ineffective dose of cocaine and an increased ethanol consumption was observed in resilient mice compared to controls. The increase in IL-6 and CX3CL1 was mainly observed in the striatum of susceptible mice compared to that of control mice. Our results confirm that, contrary to prior assumptions in adults, responses to SD stress are more complex and singular in adolescents, and caution should be taken for the correct interpretation and translation of those phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Reguilón
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Ballestín
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Mahony C, O'Ryan C. A molecular framework for autistic experiences: Mitochondrial allostatic load as a mediator between autism and psychopathology. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:985713. [PMID: 36506457 PMCID: PMC9732262 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.985713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular autism research is evolving toward a biopsychosocial framework that is more informed by autistic experiences. In this context, research aims are moving away from correcting external autistic behaviors and toward alleviating internal distress. Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) are associated with high rates of depression, suicidality and other comorbid psychopathologies, but this relationship is poorly understood. Here, we integrate emerging characterizations of internal autistic experiences within a molecular framework to yield insight into the prevalence of psychopathology in ASC. We demonstrate that descriptions of social camouflaging and autistic burnout resonate closely with the accepted definitions for early life stress (ELS) and chronic adolescent stress (CAS). We propose that social camouflaging could be considered a distinct form of CAS that contributes to allostatic overload, culminating in a pathophysiological state that is experienced as autistic burnout. Autistic burnout is thought to contribute to psychopathology via psychological and physiological mechanisms, but these remain largely unexplored by molecular researchers. Building on converging fields in molecular neuroscience, we discuss the substantial evidence implicating mitochondrial dysfunction in ASC to propose a novel role for mitochondrial allostatic load in the relationship between autism and psychopathology. An interplay between mitochondrial, neuroimmune and neuroendocrine signaling is increasingly implicated in stress-related psychopathologies, and these molecular players are also associated with neurodevelopmental, neurophysiological and neurochemical aspects of ASC. Together, this suggests an increased exposure and underlying molecular susceptibility to ELS that increases the risk of psychopathology in ASC. This article describes an integrative framework shaped by autistic experiences that highlights novel avenues for molecular research into mechanisms that directly affect the quality of life and wellbeing of autistic individuals. Moreover, this framework emphasizes the need for increased access to diagnoses, accommodations, and resources to improve mental health outcomes in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colleen O'Ryan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Puppala ER, Aochenlar SL, Shantanu PA, Ahmed S, Jannu AK, Jala A, Yalamarthi SS, Borkar RM, Tripathi DM, Naidu VGM. Perillyl alcohol attenuates chronic restraint stress aggravated dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis by modulating TLR4/NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154415. [PMID: 36070663 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory immune bowel disease. The modernization of lifestyle accompanied by the stress to cope with the competition has resulted in a new range of complications where stress became a critical contributing factor for many diseases, including UC. Hence there is an urgent need to develop a dual role in curtailing both systemic and neuroinflammation. Perillyl alcohol (POH) is a natural essential oil found in lavender, peppermint, cherries etc and has been widely studied for its strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-stress properties. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE POH regulates the various inflammatory signaling cascades involved in chronic inflammation by inhibiting farnesyltransferase enzyme. Several studies reported that POH could inhibit the phosphorylation of NF-κB, STAT3 and promote the endogenous antioxidant enzymes like Nrf2 via farnesyltransferase enzyme inhibition. Also, the effects of POH against UC is not known yet. Thus, this study aims to explore the anti-ulcerative properties of POH on stress aggravated ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Ulcerative colitis was induced by duel exposure of chronic restraint stress (day 1 to day 28) and 2.5% dextran sulphate sodium (day8 to day14) in mice. POH treatment 100 and 200 mg/kg was administred from day14 ti day28 following oral route of administration. Disease activity index, colonoscopy, western blot analysis and histological analysis, neurotransmitter analysis and Gene expression studies were perofomerd to asses the anti-colitis effects of POH. RESULTS The treatment reversed the oxidative stress and inflammatory response by inhibiting TLR4/NF-kB pathway, and IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in both isolated mice colons and brains. The inhibition of these pathways resulted in a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. The treatment improved the physiological and histological changes with decreased ulcerations as examined by colonic endoscopy and Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. The treatment also improved the behavior response as it increased mobility time which was reduced by chronic restrained stress. This was due to increased satiety neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin and decreased cortisol in mice brains. CONCLUSION These results infer that POH has significant anti-colitis activity on chronic restraint stress aggravated DSS-induced UC in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswara Rao Puppala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Sunepjungla L Aochenlar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - P A Shantanu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Arun Kumar Jannu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Aishwarya Jala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Sai Sudha Yalamarthi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Roshan M Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101
| | - Dinesh Mani Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary sciences (ILBS), New Delhi, Delhi 110070
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Assam, India, 781101.
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13
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Jeon D, Kim S, Choi J, Yang AR, Lee SK, Chu K. Chronic social stress during early development is involved in antisocial maltreatment behavior in mice. ENCEPHALITIS 2022; 2:98-107. [PMID: 37469995 PMCID: PMC10295919 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2022.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Early-life stress can cause brain inflammation and affect social behavior in adulthood. In humans, maltreated (abused or neglected) children often exhibit antisocial behavior, including violent and sadistic behavior, in adulthood. However, it is unknown whether maltreatment behavior occurs in rodents. Here, we developed an assay system to evaluate conspecific maltreatment behavior in the mouse. Methods To assess maltreatment behavior, we devised a two-chamber apparatus separated by a transparent partition, in which one chamber was provided with a nose-poking hole that would trigger foot shocks onto the other. Lidocaine was used to inhibit neural activity in vivo. Brain oscillations were investigated by electroencephalograph. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for protein assay. The mouse model was sequentially subjected to maternal separation (MS), social defeat (SD), and social isolation (SI) in that order (MS/SD/SI model). Results Inactivation of the anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex increased the level of nose-poking. Maltreatment behavior provoked changes in oxytocin, corticosterone, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. MS/SD/SI mice exhibited more sustained nose-poking behavior during the experiment, resulting in increased foot shocks to the mouse in the opposite chamber. Abnormal brain oscillations were observed in the MS/SD/SI mice. Conclusion The MS/SD/SI model and maltreatment-behavior assay may be useful not only to study the relationship between social stress in childhood and antisocial behavior in adulthood, but also for study of etiology, pathology, or treatment for brain disorders, such as psychopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiye Choi
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ah Reum Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ajayi AM, Ben-Azu B, Ogunkolade GE, Melete J, Oyedele AT, Umukoro S. Repeated social defeat stress exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioural deficits in mice: ameliorative role of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit extract through anti-neuroinflammation, antioxidant and neurochemical balance. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2467-2481. [PMID: 35867181 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Development of neuropsychiatric disorder is associated with stress-related increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Chrysophyllum albidum fruit is an edible tropical fruit containing vitamins and phenolic compounds, well known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of C. albidum fruit extract (CAFE) on stress and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced behavioral and neurochemical impairments in mice. Male Swiss mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 6). Groups 1-3 were orally treated daily for 14 days with normal saline (0.1 mL/10 g), CAFE (100 mg/kg) and Ferulic acid (FA, 10 mg/kg), and left in home cage as controls. Groups 4-6 were treated similarly but subjected to repeated social defeat (RSD) stress using the resident-intruder model from days 1-14. The RSD-animals were injected with LPS (125 µg/kg, i.p) 60 min after each RSD session from days 8-14. Neurobehavioral functions: locomotor, cognitive and anxiety-like behaviors were assessed 24 h after the last treatment. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), dopamine, acetylcholinesterase, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), malondialdehyde, nitrites, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined in brain tissue. CAFE significantly attenuated RSD and LPS-induced hypolocomotion, cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behavior when compared to the control. Treatment with CAFE also significantly reversed the negative effects of RSD and LPS on pro-inflammatory cytokines, dopamine, acetylcholinesterase, GAD, and oxidative-nitrosative stress levels. The findings clearly indicated that Chrysophyllum albidum fruit demonstrated neuroprotective effects and can play a key role in mitigating against chronic stress and inflammation linked to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Gracious E Ogunkolade
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - John Melete
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Ayomide T Oyedele
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
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15
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Zheng L, Pang Q, Xu H, Guo H, Liu R, Wang T. The Neurobiological Links between Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review of Research to Date. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179519. [PMID: 36076917 PMCID: PMC9455169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological dysfunctions commonly occur after mild or moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although most TBI patients recover from such a dysfunction in a short period of time, some present with persistent neurological deficits. Stress is a potential factor that is involved in recovery from neurological dysfunction after TBI. However, there has been limited research on the effects and mechanisms of stress on neurological dysfunctions due to TBI. In this review, we first investigate the effects of TBI and stress on neurological dysfunctions and different brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. We then explore the neurobiological links and mechanisms between stress and TBI. Finally, we summarize the findings related to stress biomarkers and probe the possible diagnostic and therapeutic significance of stress combined with mild or moderate TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexin Zheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiuyu Pang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hanmu Guo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, China (Academy of Forensic Science), Shanghai 200063, China
- Correspondence:
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Salvianolic acid B alleviates comorbid pain in depression induced by chronic restraint stress through inhibiting GABAergic neuron excitation via an ERK-CREB-BDNF axis-dependent mechanism. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:205-216. [PMID: 35500448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pain comorbid with depression occurred frequently in clinical settings. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism underlying antidepressant and analgetic effect of salvianolic acid B (SalB) in comorbid pain in depression induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS), which associates with GABAergic neuron activation in the amygdala and the ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway. The differentially expressed genes related to comorbid pain in CRS-induced depression were screened through bioinformatics analysis. After CRS treatment for 3 weeks, depression-like behaviors were developed in GAD2-tdT mice. The retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit combined with retrograde tracer CTB-488 was injected into the parafascicular nucleus of thalamus to project GABAergic neurons to observe the labeling of neurons in the whole brain. After treatment with SalB and ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway inhibitor, CRS mice showed a variety of depression-like behaviors, accompanied by enhanced activity of GABAergic neurons in the amygdala projecting to parafascicular nucleus of thalamus. BDNF underexpression occurred in the CRS mice. Overexpressed BDNF activated ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway to alleviate comorbid pain in CRS-induced depression. After intraperitoneal injection of SalB, the depression-like behaviors and pain threshold in CRS mice were alleviated, the effects of which could be eliminated by ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway antagonist. Collectively, SalB inhibits the excitation of GABAergic neurons in the amygdala and activates the ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway through the parafascicular nucleus of thalamus, whereby alleviating comorbid pain in CRS-induced depression in mice.
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Duan N, Zhang Y, Tan S, Sun J, Ye M, Gao H, Pu K, Wu M, Wang Q, Zhai Q. Therapeutic targeting of STING-TBK1-IRF3 signalling ameliorates chronic stress induced depression-like behaviours by modulating neuroinflammation and microglia phagocytosis. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 169:105739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Jeon D, Choi J, Yang AR, Yoo JS, Kim S, Lee SK, Chu K. Chronic social stress during early development elicits unique behavioral changes in adulthood. ENCEPHALITIS 2022; 2:45-53. [PMID: 37469652 PMCID: PMC10295912 DOI: 10.47936/encephalitis.2021.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic social stress is known to induce inflammation in the brain, and early-life stress affects the brain and social behavior in adulthood. To study the relationship between social stress in childhood development and social behavior in adulthood, we subjected mice to a sequential early-life social stresses and characterized their adult behavioral phenotypes. Methods C57BL/6 mice were sequentially subjected to maternal separation (MS), social defeat (SD), and social isolation (SI) in that order. The body weights of the MS/SD/SI mice were measured. Behavioral tasks related to anxiety, depression, locomotion, learning/memory, and repetitive/compulsive-like behavior were conducted. Social behaviors suggesting sociability, social interaction, aggression, and social fear were investigated. Results MS/SD/SI mice weighed less than the control mice. At 7 and 8 weeks of age. These mice displayed normal behaviors in anxiety-, depression-, and learning/memory-related tasks, but they exhibited increased locomotor activity and a low level of repetitive/compulsive-like behavior. Notably, they exhibited increased social interaction, impaired empathy-related fear, reduced predator fear, and increased defensive aggressiveness. Conclusion Social stress during childhood development resulted in behavioral alterations, and MS/SD/SI mice generated by mimicking child abuse or maltreatment showed unique abnormalities in social behaviors. MS/SD/SI mice might be useful not only to study the relationship between social stress and brain inflammation but also psychosocial behaviors observed in individuals with brain disorders, such as psychopaths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiye Choi
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ah Reum Yang
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Yoo
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Ji S, Han S, Yu L, Du L, You Y, Chen J, Wang M, Wu S, Li S, Sun X, Luo R, Zhao X. Jia Wei Xiao Yao San ameliorates chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice by regulating the gut microbiome and brain metabolome in relation to purine metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153940. [PMID: 35104765 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of depression remains largely unknown. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the existence of a complex relationship between gut microbiome composition and brain functions. Jia Wei Xiao Yao San (JWXYS) is considered a potential antidepressant. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of JWXYS have not yet been clarified. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effects of JWXYS on chronic stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. METHODS A chronic restraint stress mouse model of depression was established. JWXYS was administered, and the responses of these mice to treatment were evaluated through several behavioral tests. The activity of astrocytes and microglia was detected by specific fluorescent labels. Inflammatory cytokines were quantified in intestinal and cerebral tissues. An integrated approach with full-length 16S rRNA sequencing and different types of untargeted metabolomics was conducted to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome at the species level, metabolic brain functions, and JWXYS. RESULTS We found that behavioral symptoms were associated with the relative abundance of Lactobacillus animalis. After JWXYS treatment, the relative abundance of Ileibacterium valens with enzymes potentially involved in purine metabolism was also described. The activation of astrocytes and microglia was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of L. animalis. Combined with network pharmacological analysis, several targets predicted based on JWXYS treatment focused on purine metabolism, which was also enriched from cerebral metabolites regulated by JWXYS. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that L. animalis is involved in depression-like behaviors in mice. JWXYS increases the abundance of I. valens with potential enzymes in relation to cerebral purine metabolism, which is positively correlated with the activation of astrocytes in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuangshuang Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou 510170, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijing Du
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yanting You
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jieyu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Shengwei Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou 510170, Guangdong, China
| | - Shasha Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ren Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Mao Y, Xu Y, Yuan X. Validity of chronic restraint stress for modeling anhedonic-like behavior in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221075816. [PMID: 35196899 PMCID: PMC8891861 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221075816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic restraint stress (CRS) is widely used to recapitulate depression phenotypes in rodents but is frequently criticized for a perceived lack of efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate anhedonic-like behavior in the CRS model in rodents by performing a meta-analysis of studies that included sucrose preference tests. METHODS This meta-analysis was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. We comprehensively searched for eligible studies published before June 2021 in the PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science databases. We chose sucrose preference ratio as the indicative measure of anhedonia because it is a core symptom of depression in humans. RESULTS Our pooled analysis included 34 articles with 57 studies and seven rodent species/strains and demonstrated decreased sucrose preference in the stress group compared with controls. The duration of CRS differentially affected the validity of anhedonic-like behavior in the models. Rats exhibited greater susceptibility to restraint stress than mice, demonstrating inter-species variability. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis of studies that used the CRS paradigm to evaluate anhedonic-like behavior in rodents was focused on a core symptom of depression (anhedonia) as the main endpoint of the model and identified species-dependent susceptibility to restraint stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Mao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongkang Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Lee J, Kwon H, Cho E, Jeon J, Lee IK, Cho WS, Park SJ, Lee S, Kim DH, Jung JW. Hydrangea macrophylla and Thunberginol C Attenuate Stress-Induced Anxiety in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020234. [PMID: 35204117 PMCID: PMC8868050 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is an important neurological input for successful life. However, chronic stress and stress hormones could be a cause of various neurological disorders including anxiety disorders. Therefore, there have been many efforts to find effective materials for curing stress-induced neurological disorders. In this study, we examined the effect of Hydrangea macrophylla (HM) on corticosterone-induced neurotoxicity, stress-induced anxiety in mice and suggested a possible active ingredient of HM. HM protected cortical neurons against neurotoxicity of corticosterone (CORT), a stress hormone. HM also blocked CORT-induced hippocampal synaptic deficit via regulating Akt signaling. Oral administration of HM improved chronic restraint stress-induced anxiety in Elevated Plus maze test along with reduction of plasma corticosterone and TNF-α levels. Moreover, HM reduced stress-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Thunberginol C, an active ingredient of HM, also prevented CORT-induced neuronal cell death and restraint stress-induced anxiety. Moreover, thunberginol C reduced plasma TNF-α level and neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Collectively, HM could be a good candidate for preventing stress-induced neurological disorders and thunberginol C may be an active ingredient of HM for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Huiyoung Kwon
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (H.K.); (W.-S.C.)
| | - Eunbi Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (E.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Jieun Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (E.C.); (J.J.)
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (H.K.); (W.-S.C.)
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Advanced Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (E.C.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (D.H.K.); (J.W.J.)
| | - Ji Wook Jung
- Department of Herbal Medicinal Pharmacology, College of Herbal Bio-Industry, Daegu Haany University, Kyungsan 38610, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.H.K.); (J.W.J.)
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22
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Zhu Y, Geng X, Stone C, Guo S, Syed S, Ding Y. Forkhead Box 1(FoxO1) mediates psychological stress-induced neuroinflammation. Neurol Res 2022; 44:483-495. [PMID: 34983317 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.2022913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuroinflammation plays a key role in cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Neuropsychiatric disorders appear to share an epidemiological association with inflammation, but the mechanisms are unclear. Forkhead box 1 (FoxO1) regulates inflammatory signaling in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, but its role in psychological stress-induced neuroinflammation remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the potential involvement of FoxO1 in repeated social defeat stress (RSDS)-induced neuroinflammation. METHODS 6-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into RSDS or control groups. In the RSDS group, mice (18-22 g) were individually subjected to social defeat by an 8-week-old CD-1 mouse (28-32 g) for 10 min daily for 10 consecutive days. At 24 h after this 10-day process, corticosterone (CORT), epinephrine (EPI), hydrogen peroxide, and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and VCAM-1) from serum and brain tissues were assayed using ELISA, real-time PCR, and Western blot. Iba-1 was determined by immunofluorescence (IF), and FoxO1 siRNA was transfected into BV2 cells to further analyze the expression of inflammatory factors. RESULTS RSDS significantly increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and VCAM-1 in the serum; it also increased both mRNA and protein expression of these in the brain. FoxO1 was significantly increased after stress, while its knockdown significantly suppressed stress-induced inflammation. Immunofluorescence demonstrated the activation of microglia in the setting of RSDS. CONCLUSION RSDS induced a measurable inflammatory response in the blood and brain, and FoxO1 was demonstrated in vitro to aggravate stress-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuequan Zhu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Stone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, MI, USA
| | - Sichao Guo
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Shabber Syed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, MI, USA
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, MI, USA
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23
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Yang HL, Li MM, Zhou MF, Xu HS, Huan F, Liu N, Gao R, Wang J, Zhang N, Jiang L. Links Between Gut Dysbiosis and Neurotransmitter Disturbance in Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Depressive Behaviours: the Role of Inflammation. Inflammation 2021; 44:2448-2462. [PMID: 34657991 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that inflammation, the gut microbiota, and neurotransmitters are closely associated with the pathophysiology of depression. However, the links between the gut microbiota and neurotransmitter metabolism remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroinflammatory reactions in chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced depression and to delineate the potential links between the gut microbiota and neurotransmitter metabolism. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to chronic restraint stress for 5 weeks, followed by behavioural tests (the sucrose preference test, forced swim test, open field test, and elevated plus maze) and analysis. The results showed that CRS significantly increased interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) levels and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, accompanied by the activation of IkappaB-alpha-phosphorylation-nuclear factor kappa-B (IκBα-p-NF-κB) signalling in the mouse hippocampus. In addition, the neurotransmitter metabolomics results showed that CRS resulted in decreased levels of plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and noradrenaline (NE) and their corresponding metabolites, and gut microbiota faecal metabolites with the 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that CRS caused marked microbiota dysbiosis in mice, with a significant increase in Helicobacter, Lactobacillus, and Oscillibacter and a decrease in Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Prevotella. Notably, CRS-induced depressive behaviours and the disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism and microbiota dysbiosis can be substantially restored by dexamethasone (DXMS) administration. Furthermore, a Pearson heatmap focusing on correlations between the microbiota, behaviours, and neurotransmitters showed that Helicobacter, Lactobacillus, and Oscillibacter were positively correlated with depressive behaviours but were negatively correlated with neurotransmitter metabolism, and Parabacteroides and Ruminococcus were negatively correlated with depressive behaviours but were positively correlated with neurotransmitter metabolism. Taken together, the results suggest that inflammation is involved in microbiota dysbiosis and the disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism in CRS-induced depressive changes, and the delineation of the potential links between the microbiota and neurotransmitter metabolism will provide novel strategies for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Meng-Meng Li
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Man-Fei Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Huai-Sha Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fei Huan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, 210029, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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24
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Redaelli V, Bosi A, Luzi F, Cappella P, Zerbi P, Ludwig N, Di Lernia D, Roughan JV, Porcu L, Soranna D, Parati G, Calvillo L. Neuroinflammation, body temperature and behavioural changes in CD1 male mice undergoing acute restraint stress: An exploratory study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259938. [PMID: 34780550 PMCID: PMC8592432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models used to study pathologies requiring rehabilitation therapy, such as cardiovascular and neurologic disorders or oncologic disease, must be as refined and translationally relevant as possible. Sometimes, however, experimental procedures such as those involving restraint may generate undesired effects which may act as a source of bias. However, the extent to which potentially confounding effects derive from such routine procedures is currently unknown. Our study was therefore aimed at exploring possible undesirable effects of acute restraint stress, whereby animals were exposed to a brightly lit enclosed chamber (R&L) similar to those that are commonly used for substance injection. We hypothesised that this would induce a range of unwanted physiological alterations [such as neuroinflammatory response and changes in body weight and in brown adipose tissue (BAT)] and behavioural modification, and that these might be mitigated via the use of non-aversive handling methods: Tunnel Handling (NAH-T) and Mechanoceptive Handling (NAH-M)) as compared to standard Tail Handling (TH). METHODS Two indicators of physiological alterations and three potentially stress sensitive behavioural parameters were assessed. Physiological alterations were recorded via body weight changes and assessing the temperature of Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) using infra-red thermography (IRT), and at the end of the experiment we determined the concentration of cytokines CXCL12 and CCL2 in bone marrow (BM) and activated microglia in the brain. Nest complexity scoring, automated home-cage behaviour analysis (HCS) and Elevated Plus Maze testing (EPM) were used to detect any behavioural alterations. Recordings were made before and after a 15-minute period of R&L in groups of mice handled via TH, NAH-T or NAH-M. RESULTS BAT temperature significantly decreased in all handling groups following R&L regardless of handling method. There was a difference, at the limit of significance (p = 0.06), in CXCL12 BM content among groups. CXCL12 content in BM of NAH-T animals was similar to that found in Sentinels, the less stressed group of animals. After R&L, mice undergoing NAH-T and NAH-M showed improved body-weight maintenance compared to those exposed to TH. Mice handled via NAH-M spent a significantly longer time on the open arms of the EPM. The HCS results showed that in all mice, regardless of handling method, R&L resulted in a significant reduction in walking and rearing, but not in total distance travelled. All mice also groomed more. No difference among the groups was found in Nest Score, in CCL2 BM content or in brain activated microglia. CONCLUSIONS Stress induced by a common restraint procedure caused metabolic and behavioural changes that might increase the risk of unexpected bias. In particular, the significant decrease in BAT temperature could affect the important metabolic pathways controlled by this tissue. R&L lowered the normal frequency of walking and rearing, increased grooming and probably carried a risk of low-grade neuro-inflammation. Some of the observed alterations can be mitigated by Non-aversive handlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Redaelli
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences–One Health Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Bosi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences–One Health Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Zerbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ludwig
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Lernia
- Humane Technology Lab, Dipartimento di psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - John Vincent Roughan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Comparative Biology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Porcu
- Laboratory of Methodology for Clinical Research, Oncology Department, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Soranna
- Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Calvillo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
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25
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Montagud-Romero S, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Unravelling the Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Social Defeat Stress on Use of Drugs of Abuse. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 54:153-180. [PMID: 34628585 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The immune system provides the first line of the organism's defenses, working to maintain homeostasis against external threats and respond also to internal danger signals. There is much evidence to suggest that modifications of inflammatory parameters are related to vulnerability to develop mental illnesses, such as depression, autism, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. In addition, not only are inflammatory parameters related to these disorders, but stress also induces the activation of the immune system, as recent preclinical research demonstrates. Social stress activates the immune response in the central nervous system through a number of mechanisms; for example, by promoting microglial stimulation, modifying peripheral and brain cytokine levels, and altering the blood brain barrier, which allows monocytes to traffic into the brain. In this chapter, we will first deal with the most important short- and long-term consequences of social defeat (SD) stress on the neuroinflammatory response. SD experiences (brief episodes of social confrontations during adolescence and adulthood) induce functional modifications in the brain, which are accompanied by an increase in proinflammatory markers. Most importantly, inflammatory mechanisms play a significant role in mediating the process of adaptation in the face of adversity (resilience vs susceptibility), allowing us to understand individual differences in stress responses. Secondly, we will address the role of the immune system in the vulnerability and enhanced sensitivity to drugs of abuse after social stress. We will explore in depth the effects seen in the inflammatory system in response to social stress and how they enhance the rewarding effects of drugs such as alcohol or cocaine. To conclude, we will consider pharmacological and environmental interventions that seek to influence the inflammatory response to social stress and diminish increased drug intake, as well as the translational potential and future directions of this exciting new field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Montagud-Romero
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - J Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RETICS-Trastornos Adictivos), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Petrella C, Strimpakos G, Torcinaro A, Middei S, Ricci V, Gargari G, Mora D, De Santa F, Farioli-Vecchioli S. Proneurogenic and neuroprotective effect of a multi strain probiotic mixture in a mouse model of acute inflammation: Involvement of the gut-brain axis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105795. [PMID: 34339837 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation can severely affect brain homeostasis and adult hippocampal neurogenesis with detrimental effects on cognitive processes. Brain and gut are intimately connected via the "gut-brain axis", a bidirectional communication system, and the administration of live bacteria (probiotics) has been shown to represent an intriguing approach for the prevention or even the cure of several diseases. In the present study we evaluated the putative neuroprotective effect of 15-days consumption of a multi-strain probiotic formulation based on food-associated strains and human gut bacteria at the dose of 109 CFU/mouse/day in a mouse model of acute inflammation, induced by an intraperitoneal single injection of LPS (0.1 mg/kg) at the end of probiotic administration. The results indicate that the prolonged administration of the multi-strain probiotic formulation not only prevents the LPS-dependent increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines in specific regions of the brain (hippocampus and cortex) and in the gastrointestinal district but also triggers a potent proneurogenic response capable of enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis. This effect is accompanied by a potentiation of intestinal barrier, as documented by the increased epithelial junction expression in the colon. Our hypothesis is that pre-treatment with the multi-strain probiotic formulation helps to create a systemic protection able to counteract or alleviate the effects of LPS-dependent acute pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios Strimpakos
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Torcinaro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Middei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy; European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ricci
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gargari
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Mora
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca De Santa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC, CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
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27
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Tian P, Zhu H, Qian X, Chen Y, Wang Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang G, Chen W. Consumption of Butylated Starch Alleviates the Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Neurobehavioral and Gut Barrier Deficits Through Reshaping the Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2021; 12:755481. [PMID: 34603341 PMCID: PMC8485752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effect of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on host health has been well recognized based on the booming knowledge from gut microbiome research. The role of SCFA in influencing psychological function is highlighted in recent years but has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the SCFA-acylated starches were used to accomplish a sizeable intestine-targeted release of the SCFAs, and the neurobehavioral, immunological, and microbial effects were further investigated. Acetylated-, butylated-, and isobutylated-starch could attenuate the depression-like behaviors and excessive corticosterone production in chronically stressed mice. Butylated- starch significantly reduced the colonic permeability via increasing the tight junction proteins (including ZO-1, Claudin, and Occludin) gene expression and reduced the level of the inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β and IL-6). The butylated starch's neurological and immunological benefits may be derived from the gut microbiome modifications, including normalizing the abundance of certain beneficial microbes (Odoribacter and Oscillibacter) and metabolomic pathways (Tryptophan synthesis and Inositol degradation). The present findings further validate the brain-beneficial effect of butyrate and offer novel guidance for developing novel food or dietary supplements for improving mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huiyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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28
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Naß J, Abdelfatah S, Efferth T. The triterpenoid ursolic acid ameliorates stress in Caenorhabditis elegans by affecting the depression-associated genes skn-1 and prdx2. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:153598. [PMID: 34111615 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Lower antioxidant concentrations and increased oxidative stress levels contribute to the development of depression. Effective and tolerable medications are urgently needed. Nrf2 and PRDX2 are promising targets in the treatment of oxidative stress and, therefore, promising for the development of novel antidepressants. Ursolic acid (UA), a natural triterpenoid found in various plants is known to exert neuroprotective and antioxidant effects. Skn-1 (which corresponds to human Nrf2) and prdx2 deficient mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are suitable models to study the effect of UA on these targets. Additionally, stress assays are used to mimic stress or depressed state. METHODS We examined the antioxidant activity of UA in Caenorhabditis elegans wildtype and skn-1- and prdx2-deficient strains by H2DCF-DA and juglone assays as well as osmotic and heat stress assays. Additionally, we analyzed the binding of UA to human PRDX2 and Skn-1 proteins by molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis. RESULTS UA exerted strong antioxidant activities. Additionally, induction of stress resistance towards osmotic and heat stress was observed. qRT-PCR revealed that UA upregulated the gene expression of skn-1 and prdx2. Molecular docking studies supported these findings. CONCLUSION Our findings implicate that the strong antioxidant activity of UA may exert anti-depressive effects by its interaction with the Skn-1 transcription factor, which is part of a detoxification network, and the antioxidant PRDX2 protein, which protects the organism from the detrimental effects of radical oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Naß
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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29
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Type 1 interferon mediates chronic stress-induced neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits via complement component 3-dependent pathway. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3043-3059. [PMID: 33833372 PMCID: PMC8497654 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a major risk factor in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Further, chronic stress conditions can promote neuroinflammation and inflammatory responses in both humans and animal models. Type I interferons (IFN-I) are critical mediators of the inflammatory response in the periphery and responsible for the altered mood and behavior. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of IFN-I signaling in chronic stress-induced changes in neuroinflammation and behavior. Using the chronic restraint stress model, we found that chronic stress induces a significant increase in serum IFNβ levels in mice, and systemic blockade of IFN-I signaling attenuated chronic stress-induced infiltration of macrophages into prefrontal cortex and behavioral abnormalities. Furthermore, complement component 3 (C3) mediates systemic IFNβ-induced changes in neuroinflammation and behavior. Also, we found significant increases in the mRNA expression levels of IFN-I stimulated genes in the prefrontal cortex of depressed suicide subjects and significant correlation with C3 and inflammatory markers. Together, these findings from animal and human postmortem brain studies identify a crucial role of C3 in IFN-I-mediated changes in neuroinflammation and behavior under chronic stress conditions.
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30
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Sakamoto S, Mallah D, Medeiros DJ, Dohi E, Imai T, Rose IVL, Matoba K, Zhu X, Kamiya A, Kano SI. Alterations in circulating extracellular vesicles underlie social stress-induced behaviors in mice. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2678-2692. [PMID: 34043886 PMCID: PMC8487053 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces peripheral and intracerebral immune changes and inflammation, contributing to neuropathology and behavioral abnormalities relevant to psychiatric disorders such as depression. Although the pathological implication of many peripheral factors such as pro‐inflammatory cytokines, hormones, and macrophages has been demonstrated, the roles of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) for chronic stress mechanisms remain poorly investigated. Here, we report that chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)‐induced social avoidance phenotype, assessed by a previously untested three‐chamber social approach test, can be distinguished by multiple pro‐inflammatory cytokines and EV‐associated molecular signatures in the blood. We found that the expression patterns of miRNAs distinguished the CSDS‐susceptible mice from the CSDS‐resilient mice. Social avoidance behavior scores were also estimated with good accuracy by the expression patterns of multiple EV‐associated miRNAs. We also demonstrated that EVs enriched from the CSDS‐susceptible mouse sera upregulated the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the LPS‐stimulated microglia‐like cell lines. Our results indicate the role of circulating EVs and associated miRNAs in CSDS susceptibility, which may be related to pro‐inflammatory mechanisms underlying stress‐induced neurobehavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sakamoto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dania Mallah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Destynie J Medeiros
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eisuke Dohi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Takashi Imai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Indigo V L Rose
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ken Matoba
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shin-Ichi Kano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
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31
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Doney E, Cadoret A, Dion-Albert L, Lebel M, Menard C. Inflammation-driven brain and gut barrier dysfunction in stress and mood disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2851-2894. [PMID: 33876886 PMCID: PMC9290537 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of emotions is generally associated exclusively with the brain. However, there is evidence that peripheral systems are also involved in mood, stress vulnerability vs. resilience, and emotion‐related memory encoding. Prevalence of stress and mood disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and post‐traumatic stress disorder is increasing in our modern societies. Unfortunately, 30%–50% of individuals respond poorly to currently available treatments highlighting the need to further investigate emotion‐related biology to gain mechanistic insights that could lead to innovative therapies. Here, we provide an overview of inflammation‐related mechanisms involved in mood regulation and stress responses discovered using animal models. If clinical studies are available, we discuss translational value of these findings including limitations. Neuroimmune mechanisms of depression and maladaptive stress responses have been receiving increasing attention, and thus, the first part is centered on inflammation and dysregulation of brain and circulating cytokines in stress and mood disorders. Next, recent studies supporting a role for inflammation‐driven leakiness of the blood–brain and gut barriers in emotion regulation and mood are highlighted. Stress‐induced exacerbated inflammation fragilizes these barriers which become hyperpermeable through loss of integrity and altered biology. At the gut level, this could be associated with dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbial communities, and alteration of the gut–brain axis which is central to production of mood‐related neurotransmitter serotonin. Novel therapeutic approaches such as anti‐inflammatory drugs, the fast‐acting antidepressant ketamine, and probiotics could directly act on the mechanisms described here improving mood disorder‐associated symptomatology. Discovery of biomarkers has been a challenging quest in psychiatry, and we end by listing promising targets worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Doney
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Alice Cadoret
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Dion-Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research Center, Université Laval, QC, Canada
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Impact of Stress on Epilepsy: Focus on Neuroinflammation-A Mini Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084061. [PMID: 33920037 PMCID: PMC8071059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide, is characterized by recurrent seizures and subsequent brain damage. Despite strong evidence supporting a deleterious impact on seizure occurrence and outcome severity, stress is an overlooked component in people with epilepsy. With regard to stressor duration and timing, acute stress can be protective in epileptogenesis, while chronic stress often promotes seizure occurrence in epilepsy patients. Preclinical research suggests that chronic stress promotes neuroinflammation and leads to a depressive state. Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity in people with epilepsy, resulting in a poor quality of life. Here, we summarize studies investigating acute and chronic stress as a seizure trigger and an important factor that worsens epilepsy outcomes and psychiatric comorbidities. Mechanistic insight into the impact of stress on epilepsy may create a window of opportunity for future interventions targeting neuroinflammation-related disorders.
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Bali V, Simmons SC, Manning CE, Doyle MA, Rodriguez M, Stark AR, Ayala Rosario SN, Robison AJ, Mazei-Robison MS. Characterization of proinflammatory markers in the ventral tegmental area across mouse models of chronic stress. Neuroscience 2021; 461:11-22. [PMID: 33689861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), understanding of the biological underpinnings remains limited. Rodent models suggest that changes in activity and output of dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are important for depressive-like phenotypes. Additionally, brain inflammatory processes are thought to contribute to MDD pathology and inflammation in the VTA has been linked to changes in VTA DA neuronal activity. Thus, we sought to determine whether there is increased inflammatory signaling in the VTA following forms of chronic stress that induce depressive-like symptoms. First, we subjected male mice to either physical or vicarious chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), paradigms known to induce long-term depressive-like behavior and changes in VTA signaling. Second, we subjected male and female mice to subchronic variable stress (SCVS), a paradigm that induces depressive-like behavior only in female mice. We then isolated mRNA from the VTA and assessed proinflammatory gene regulation via RT-PCR. Our results show that physical, but not vicarious, CSDS increases interleukin 1β (IL-1β) mRNA expression and this inversely correlates with social interaction score. In contrast, IL-1β expression was unchanged in male or female mice following SCVS. No significant increases in VTA ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunochemistry were detected following CSDS that would be indicative of a robust inflammatory response. In conclusion, we show that chronic stressors distinctively alter expression of proinflammatory genes in the VTA and changes may depend on the severity and time-course of the stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Bali
- Dept of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Sarah C Simmons
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Claire E Manning
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Marie A Doyle
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Minerva Rodriguez
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Ali R Stark
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | | | - A J Robison
- Dept of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Michelle S Mazei-Robison
- Dept of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
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Mishima Y, Osaki T, Shimada A, Kamiya S, Hasegawa-Ishii S. Sex-dependent differences in the gut microbiota following chronic nasal inflammation in adult mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4640. [PMID: 33633180 PMCID: PMC7907122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests a relationship between olfactory dysfunction and the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Our previous studies indicated that chronic nasal inflammation caused loss of olfactory sensory neurons and gross atrophy of the olfactory bulb, which may lead to olfactory dysfunction. Simultaneously, increasing numbers of reports have elucidated the importance of gut microbiota to maintain brain function and that dysbiosis may be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we examined whether chronic nasal inflammation perturbed gut microbiota and whether there were sex differences in this pattern. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice repeatedly received bilateral nasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3 times/week to cause chronic nasal inflammation or saline as a control. At 9 weeks, cecal feces were used for 16S metagenomic analysis and whole blood and fresh tissue of spleen were used for ELISA analyses. Microbiome analysis demonstrated a remarkable change of the gut microbiota in male mice with chronic nasal inflammation which was different from that in female mice. In both mice, systemic inflammation did not occur. This has shown for the first time that chronic nasal inflammation correlates with sex-dependent changes in the gut microbiota. The detailed mechanism and potential alteration to brain functions await further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Mishima
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Atsuyoshi Shimada
- Pathology Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Sanae Hasegawa-Ishii
- Pathology Research Team, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan.
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Zhou Y, Yan M, Pan R, Wang Z, Tao X, Li C, Xia T, Liu X, Chang Q. Radix Polygalae extract exerts antidepressant effects in behavioral despair mice and chronic restraint stress-induced rats probably by promoting autophagy and inhibiting neuroinflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113317. [PMID: 32861821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Polygalae (RP) has been traditionally used for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders in East Asia. AIM OF THE STUDY Depression is a severe mental disease with high prevalence in people, and neurobiology changes of depression are not fully clarified yet. The present study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect and underlying mechanism of RP in behavioral despair mice and chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS ICR mice were treated with various doses of RP (0.13-1.0 g/kg) for 14 days and then subjected to forced swimming test (FST). Wistar rats were exposed to 6-hour restraint stress daily for 28 days, and RP (0.5 and 1 g/kg) was administered by gavage 1 h prior to CRS procedure. Subsequently, behavioral tests were performed and brains were collected for biochemical analysis. RESULTS RP reduced immobility time of mice in FST and reversed abnormal behaviors of rats induced by CRS in sucrose preference test, novelty-suppressed feeding test, open field test and FST. Moreover, RP could enhance the expression of LC3-II and beclin1 and decrease the level of p62 both in cortex of mice and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats, and regulate the dysfunction of AMPK-mTOR pathway in PFC of CRS rats. Activated microglia, impaired astrocyte, elevated protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1, and increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines were observed in PFC of CRS rats, all of which were corrected by RP treatment. CONCLUSION RP exerted remarkable antidepressant activity in behavioral despair mice and CRS-induced rats, probably by promoting autophagy and inhibiting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruile Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xue Tao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianji Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; The State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Monroy-Noyola A, Garciía-Alonso G, Atzori M, Salgado R, Baíez A, Miranda M, Rangel A, Guevara E, Cuevas R, Vega-Riquer J, Avila-Acevedo J. Antidepressant effect of buddleja cordata methanolic extract in chronic stress mouse model. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_554_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Critical role of TLR4 in uncovering the increased rewarding effects of cocaine and ethanol induced by social defeat in male mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 182:108368. [PMID: 33132187 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders and social stress are currently associated with changes in the immune system response by which they induce a proinflammatory state in neurons and glial cells that eventually modulates the reward system. AIMS The aim of the present work was to assess the role of the immune TLR4 (Toll-like receptors 4) and its signaling response in the increased contextual reinforcing effects of cocaine and reinforcing effects of ethanol (EtOH) induced by social defeat (SD) stress. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 J wild-type (WT) mice and mice deficient in TLR4 (TLR4-KO) were assigned to experimental groups according to stress condition (exploration or SD). Three weeks after the last SD, conditioned place preference (CPP) was induced by a subthreshold cocaine dose (1 mg/kg), while another set underwent EtOH 6% operant self-administration (SA). Several inflammatory molecules were analyzed in the hippocampus and the striatum. RESULTS SD induced higher vulnerability to the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine only in defeated WT mice. Similarly, defeated WT mice exhibited higher 6% EtOH consumption, an effect that was not observed in the defeated TLR4-KO group. However, the motivation to obtain the drug was observed in both genotypes of defeated animals. Notably, a significant upregulation of the protein proinflammatory markers NFkBp-p65, IL-1β, IL-17 A and COX-2 were observed only in the defeated WT mice, but not in their defeated TLR4-KO counterparts. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TLR4 receptors mediate the neuroinflammatory response underlying the increase in the rewarding effects of cocaine and EtOH induced by social stress.
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Bachmann MC, Bellalta S, Basoalto R, Gómez-Valenzuela F, Jalil Y, Lépez M, Matamoros A, von Bernhardi R. The Challenge by Multiple Environmental and Biological Factors Induce Inflammation in Aging: Their Role in the Promotion of Chronic Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570083. [PMID: 33162985 PMCID: PMC7591463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is driven by multiple mechanisms that lead to changes in energy production, oxidative stress, homeostatic dysregulation and eventually to loss of functionality and increased disease susceptibility. Most aged individuals develop chronic low-grade inflammation, which is an important risk factor for morbidity, physical and cognitive impairment, frailty, and death. At any age, chronic inflammatory diseases are major causes of morbimortality, affecting up to 5-8% of the population of industrialized countries. Several environmental factors can play an important role for modifying the inflammatory state. Genetics accounts for only a small fraction of chronic-inflammatory diseases, whereas environmental factors appear to participate, either with a causative or a promotional role in 50% to 75% of patients. Several of those changes depend on epigenetic changes that will further modify the individual response to additional stimuli. The interaction between inflammation and the environment offers important insights on aging and health. These conditions, often depending on the individual's sex, appear to lead to decreased longevity and physical and cognitive decline. In addition to biological factors, the environment is also involved in the generation of psychological and social context leading to stress. Poor psychological environments and other sources of stress also result in increased inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of environmental and psychosocial factors and nutrition on the regulation of inflammation, and how the response elicited for those factors interact among them, are poorly understood. Whereas certain deleterious environmental factors result in the generation of oxidative stress driven by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, other factors, including nutrition (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and behavioral factors (exercise) confer protection against inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and thus ameliorate their deleterious effect. Here, we discuss processes and mechanisms of inflammation associated with environmental factors and behavior, their links to sex and gender, and their overall impact on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofía Bellalta
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roque Basoalto
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Yorschua Jalil
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Lépez
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anibal Matamoros
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Rommy von Bernhardi
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Oo TT, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Potential Roles of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 2 on Neuroinflammation and Its Possible Interventions. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4825-4844. [PMID: 32803490 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is the primary response by immune cells in the nervous system to protect against infection. Chronic and uncontrolled neuroinflammation triggers neuronal injury and neuronal death resulting in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, fine tuning of the immune response in the nervous system is now extensively considered as a potential therapeutic intervention for those diseases. The immune cells of the nervous system express Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) together with myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) to protect against the pathogens. Over the last 10 years, antagonists targeting the functional domains of MD-2 have become attractive pharmacological intervention strategies in pre-clinical studies into neuroinflammation and its associated brain pathologies. This review aims to summarize and discuss the roles of TLR4-MD-2 signaling pathway activation in various models of neuroinflammation. This review article also highlights the studies reporting the effect of MD-2 antagonists on neuroinflammation in in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thura Tun Oo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. .,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Liu M, Liu J, Zhang L, Xu W, He D, Wei W, Ge Y, Dandu C. An evidence of brain-heart disorder: mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia regulated by inflammatory cytokines. Neurol Res 2020; 42:670-675. [PMID: 32573395 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1783879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Underlying Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) complicated by Mental Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia (MSIMI) has been linked with an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events and even sudden death. However, the underlying mechanisms of MSIMI remain unknown. In this study, we investigated cytokine levels at baseline inflammation status and during acute inflammatory responses to mental stress in patients with known CAD who presented with MSIMI. METHOD 77 patients with known CAD were recruited and all underwent echocardiography before and during arithmetic stress task. MSIMI was diagnosed by new or worsening wall motion abnormalities greater than or equal to a 5% reduction of left ventricle ejection fraction. Inflammatory markers were measured both before and immediately after the Mental Stress (MS) by ELISA kits. Repeated measures models were used to report the responses and mixed linear regression models were used to report the differences between MSIMI negative and positive patients. RESULT MS induced a significant increase in Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α (SDF-1α) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) in all subjects; 20.78% of the patients with known CAD developed MSIMI during the arithmetic task. MSIMI positive patients had significantly lower baseline levels of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), but a higher response in levels of SDF-1α than MSIMI negative patients. CONCLUSION MS can induce acute inflammatory responses. MSIMI is associated with lower levels of IL-1β and TNF-α at baseline and higher levels of SDF-1α in response to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Wan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Dongfang He
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Wanlin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, PLA Army General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Yingbin Ge
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University , Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaitu Dandu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine , MI, USA
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Ye T, Wang D, Cai Z, Tong L, Chen Z, Lu J, Lu X, Huang C, Yuan X. Antidepressive properties of macrophage-colony stimulating factor in a mouse model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable stress. Neuropharmacology 2020; 172:108132. [PMID: 32407925 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), a drug that is used to treat hematological system disease, can ameliorate chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. This indicates that M-CSF could be developed into a novel antidepressant. Here, we investigated the antidepressive properties of M-CSF, aiming to explore its potential values in depression treatment. Our results showed that a single M-CSF injection at the dose of 75 and 100 μg/kg, but not at 25 or 50 μg/kg, ameliorated chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice at 5 h after the drug treatment. In a time-dependent experiment, a single M-CSF injection (100 μg/kg) was found to ameliorate the CUS-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice at 5 and 8 h, but not at 3 h, after the drug treatment. The antidepressant effect of the single M-CSF injection (100 μg/kg) in chronically-stressed mice persisted at least 10 days and disappeared at 14 days after the drug treatment. Moreover, 14 days after the first injection, a second M-CSF injection (100 μg/kg) still produced antidepressant effects at 5 h after the drug treatment in chronically-stressed mice who re-displayed depressive-like phenotypes. The antidepressant effect of M-CSF appeared to be mediated by the activation of the hippocampal microglia, as pre-inhibition of microglia by minocycline (40 mg/kg) or PLX3397 (290 mg/kg) pretreatment prevented the antidepressant effect of M-CSF in CUS mice. These results demonstrate that M-CSF produces rapid and sustained antidepressant effects via the activation of the microglia in the hippocampus in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zixuan Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijuan Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiashu Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Taizhou, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #210 Yingchun Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaomei Yuan
- Heart Failure Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Guevara CA, Matikainen-Ankney BA, Kezunovic N, LeClair K, Conway AP, Menard C, Flanigan ME, Pfau M, Russo SJ, Benson DL, Huntley GW. LRRK2 mutation alters behavioral, synaptic, and nonsynaptic adaptations to acute social stress. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:2382-2389. [PMID: 32374202 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00137.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) risk is increased by stress and certain gene mutations, including the most prevalent PD-linked mutation LRRK2-G2019S. Both PD and stress increase risk for psychiatric symptoms, yet it is unclear how PD-risk genes alter neural circuitry in response to stress that may promote psychopathology. Here we show significant differences between adult G2019S knockin and wild-type (wt) mice in stress-induced behaviors, with an unexpected uncoupling of depression-like and hedonia-like responses in G2019S mice. Moreover, mutant spiny projection neurons in nucleus accumbens (NAc) lack an adaptive, stress-induced change in excitability displayed by wt neurons, and instead show stress-induced changes in synaptic properties that wt neurons lack. Some synaptic alterations in NAc are already evident early in postnatal life. Thus G2019S alters the magnitude and direction of behavioral responses to stress that may reflect unique modifications of adaptive plasticity in cells and circuits implicated in psychopathology in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Depression is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), and environmental stress is a risk factor for both. We investigated how LRRK2-G2019S PD mutation affects depression-like behaviors, synaptic function, and intrinsic neuronal excitability following stress. In response to stress, the mutation drives abnormal synaptic changes, prevents adaptive changes in intrinsic excitability, and leads to aberrant behaviors, thus defining new ways in which PD mutations derail adaptive plasticity in response to stress that may contribute to disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Guevara
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Bridget A Matikainen-Ankney
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nebojsa Kezunovic
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Katherine LeClair
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexander P Conway
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Caroline Menard
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Meghan E Flanigan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Madeline Pfau
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Scott J Russo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Deanna L Benson
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - George W Huntley
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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43
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Ramírez-Franco J, Oros-Pantoja R, Torres-García E, Aranda-Lara L, Díaz-Sánchez LE, Herrera-Ayala CI, Pérez-Soto E, Azorín-Vega EP. Effects of chronic immobilization stress on biokinetics and dosimetry of 67Ga in a murine model. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:257-263. [PMID: 32240361 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to determine the effect of chronic immobilization stress on kinetics and dosimetry of 67Ga in a mouse model. A control group (CG) and a stress group (SG), each with 15 mice, were included in the study, and the latter group was subjected to a chronic immobilization stress model 2 h daily for 14 consecutive days. At day 13, 67Ga-citrate was administered intraperitoneally (11.24 ± 0.44 MBq) to each mouse. Then, sets of three mice were obtained sequentially at 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 h, in which the radionuclide activity was measured with an activity counter. The 67Ga biokinetic data showed a fast blood clearance in the SG, with a mean residence time of 0.06 h. The calculated mean radiation absorbed doses were: liver (2.45 × 10-03 Gy), heart (3.17 × 10-04 Gy) and kidney (1.88 × 10-04 Gy) in the SG. The results show that stress reduced weight gain by approximately 13% and also increased adrenal gland weight by 26%. On the other hand, chronic stress accelerates 67Ga clearance after 24 h compared to normal conditions. It is concluded that murine organisms under chronic immobilization stress have higher gallium-67 clearance rates, decreasing the cumulated activity and absorbed dose in all organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ramírez-Franco
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan s/n esquina Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, CP 50180, Toluca, México, México
- Departamento de Física Médica, Hospital de Oncología Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 06720, México City, México
| | - Rigoberto Oros-Pantoja
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan s/n esquina Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, CP 50180, Toluca, México, México
| | - Eugenio Torres-García
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan s/n esquina Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, CP 50180, Toluca, México, México.
| | - Liliana Aranda-Lara
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan s/n esquina Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, CP 50180, Toluca, México, México
| | - Luis E Díaz-Sánchez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan s/n esquina Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, CP 50180, Toluca, México, México
| | - Claudia I Herrera-Ayala
- Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Centro Oncológico Estatal ISSEMyM, 50180, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Elvia Pérez-Soto
- Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular ENMyH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07320, Mexico City, México
| | - Erika P Azorín-Vega
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ), 52750, Ocoyoacac, Estado de México, México
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44
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Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Crupi R. An Update of Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin Effects in Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Neuroinflammatory Events. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030216. [PMID: 32150935 PMCID: PMC7139331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammation process represents of a dynamic series of phenomena that manifest themselves with an intense vascular reaction. Neuroinflammation is a reply from the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to a changed homeostasis. There are two cell systems that mediate this process: the glia of the CNS and the lymphocites, monocytes, and macrophages of the hematopoietic system. In both the peripheral and central nervous systems, neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, and in neuropsychiatric illnesses, such as depression and autism spectrum disorders. The resolution of neuroinflammation is a process that allows for inflamed tissues to return to homeostasis. In this process the important players are represented by lipid mediators. Among the naturally occurring lipid signaling molecules, a prominent role is played by the N-acylethanolamines, namely N-arachidonoylethanolamine and its congener N-palmitoylethanolamine, which is also named palmitoylethanolamide or PEA. PEA possesses a powerful neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory power but has no antioxidant effects per se. For this reason, its co-ultramicronization with the flavonoid luteolin is more efficacious than either molecule alone. Inhibiting or modulating the enzymatic breakdown of PEA represents a complementary therapeutic approach to treating neuroinflammation. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of ultramicronized PEA and co-ultramicronized PEA with luteolin in several neurological diseases using preclinical and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390-906-765-208
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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45
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Park HJ, Shim HS, Shim I. The Differential Role of Cytokines on Stress Responses in a Menopause Rat Model. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:577561. [PMID: 33329117 PMCID: PMC7710853 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is a risk factor of anxiety and depression. Also, psychoneurological symptoms are shown in almost all women in the perimenopausal period. The present study investigated if repeated stress modulates behavioral changes or the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Albino SD female rats were randomly divided into four groups: the naïve normal group (NOR), a surgically ovariectomized group (OVX), the only stressed group (ST), and the OVX and stressed groups (OVX + ST). We performed a battery of tests such as the forced swimming test (FST), the sucrose intake, and social exploration. In the same animals, corticosterone (CORT) was assessed in the serum, and also, two representative cytokines (IL-1β and IL-4) were examined in different brain regions after all the behavior sessions for all the experimental groups. The OVX + ST group showed more immobility time in FST than the OVX group or the ST group. Also, the OVX + ST group tended to have a decreased active social exploration and sucrose solution intake compared to the OVX group or ST group. The serum concentration of CORT of the OVX + ST group was higher than the OVX group or ST group and also the level of CORT in OVX + ST was markedly increased compared to the NOR group. In the brain, the number of IL-1β immunoreactive neurons of the OVX + ST group was increased compared to the NOR group. The OVX + ST group tended to have an increase in IL-1β-positive neurons compared to the OVX or ST group. However, the number of IL-4 immunoreactive neurons of the OVX + ST group was markedly decreased compared with the NOR group. Also, the IL-4-positive neurons in the OVX + ST group was significantly decreased when compared to the ST group. These results indicate that ovariectomy and stress combine to increase the depressive-like behaviors and neuroinflammatory responses. Together, these data show neuroinflammation as a potential contributor to depressive-like symptoms during menopausal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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