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Schaefer JK, Engert V, Valk SL, Singer T, Puhlmann LM. Mapping pathways to neuronal atrophy in healthy, mid-aged adults: From chronic stress to systemic inflammation to neurodegeneration? Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100781. [PMID: 38725445 PMCID: PMC11081785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence implicates systemic inflammation in the loss of structural brain integrity in natural ageing and disorder development. Chronic stress and glucocorticoid exposure can potentiate inflammatory processes and may also be linked to neuronal atrophy, particularly in the hippocampus and the human neocortex. To improve understanding of emerging maladaptive interactions between stress and inflammation, this study examined evidence for glucocorticoid- and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration in healthy mid-aged adults. N = 169 healthy adults (mean age = 39.4, 64.5% female) were sampled from the general population in the context of the ReSource Project. Stress, inflammation and neuronal atrophy were quantified using physiological indices of chronic stress (hair cortisol (HCC) and cortisone (HEC) concentration), systemic inflammation (interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)), the systemic inflammation index (SII), hippocampal volume (HCV) and cortical thickness (CT) in regions of interest. Structural equation models were used to examine evidence for pathways from stress and inflammation to neuronal atrophy. Model fit indices indicated good representation of stress, inflammation, and neurological data through the constructed models (CT model: robust RMSEA = 0.041, robust χ2 = 910.90; HCV model: robust RMSEA <0.001, robust χ2 = 40.95). Among inflammatory indices, only the SII was positively associated with hair cortisol as one indicator of chronic stress (β = 0.18, p < 0.05). Direct and indirect pathways from chronic stress and systemic inflammation to cortical thickness or hippocampal volume were non-significant. In exploratory analysis, the SII was inversely related to mean cortical thickness. Our results emphasize the importance of considering the multidimensionality of systemic inflammation and chronic stress, with various indicators that may represent different aspects of the systemic reaction. We conclude that inflammation and glucocorticoid-mediated neurodegeneration indicated by IL-6 and hs-CRP and HCC and HEC may only emerge during advanced ageing and disorder processes, still the SII could be a promising candidate for detecting associations between inflammation and neurodegeneration in younger and healthy samples. Future work should examine these pathways in prospective longitudinal designs, for which the present investigation serves as a baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Schaefer
- Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Veronika Engert
- Research Group “Social Stress and Family Health”, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Clinic, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Sofie L. Valk
- Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, FZ Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tania Singer
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara M.C. Puhlmann
- Research Group “Social Stress and Family Health”, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
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Funk J, Takano K, Babl M, Goldstein R, Oberwestersberger R, Kopf-Beck J, Rohleder N, Ehring T. Can an intervention designed to reduce repetitive negative thinking alter the response to a psychosocial stressor? A randomized controlled study. Behav Res Ther 2024; 178:104547. [PMID: 38678755 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that repetitive negative thinking (RNT) negatively impacts mental health by intensifying and prolonging emotional reactivity to stress. This study investigated whether an intervention designed to reduce RNT alters emotional reactivity. Young adults with high trait RNT (N = 79) were randomly allocated to an RNT-focused intervention (smartphone app-based, 10 days) or a waiting list before exposure to a standardized stressor. The pre-registered analysis did not reveal a significant condition * time interaction for negative affect. However, exploratory analyses showed that whilst initial increases in negative affect in response to the stressor did not differ between conditions, participants in the intervention condition reported less negative affect throughout the following recovery phase. Additionally, participants in the intervention condition appraised their ability to cope with the stressor as higher and reported less RNT in the recovery phase. In contrast, the intervention did not affect biological stress responses. The findings indicate that RNT-focused interventions might have positive effects on mental health by breaking the self-reinforcing cycle of RNT, negative affect and maladaptive appraisals in response to stress. However, as findings are partly based on exploratory analyses, further research is needed to confirm whether reduced subjective stress reactivity mediates the effects of RNT-focused interventions on psychopathological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Funk
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment.
| | - Keisuke Takano
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan, Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute
| | - Marina Babl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment
| | - Rebecca Goldstein
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment
| | - Regina Oberwestersberger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment
| | - Johannes Kopf-Beck
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment
| | - Nicolas Rohleder
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany, Institute of Psychology, Health Psychology
| | - Thomas Ehring
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany, Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment
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Roh J, Jang JP, Oh T, Kim J, Lee B, Hong YS, Jang JH, Ko SK. Protective effect of hygrolansamycin C against corticosterone-induced toxicity and oxidative stress-mediated via autophagy and the MAPK signaling pathway. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:368-378. [PMID: 38498259 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive stress, a major problem in modern societies, affects people of all ages worldwide. Corticosterone is one of the most abundant hormones secreted during stressful conditions and is associated with various dysfunctions in the body. In particular, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of hygrolansamycin C (HYGC) against corticosterone-induced cellular stress, a manifestation of excessive stress prevalent in contemporary societies. METHODS We isolated HYGC from Streptomyces sp. KCB17JA11 and subjected PC12 cells to corticosterone-induced stress. The effects of HYGC were assessed by measuring autophagy and the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation-related genes. We used established cellular and molecular techniques to analyze protein levels and pathways. RESULTS HYGC effectively protected cells against corticosterone-induced injury. Specifically, it significantly reduced corticosterone-induced oxidative stress and inhibited the expression of autophagy-related proteins induced by corticosterone, which provided mechanistic insight into the protective effects of HYGC. At the signaling level, HYGC suppressed c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and p38 activation. CONCLUSIONS HYGC is a promising candidate to counteract corticosterone-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. Autophagy and MAPK pathway inhibition contribute to the protective effects of HYGC. Our findings highlight the potential of HYGC as a therapeutic agent for stress-related disorders and serve as a stepping stone for further exploration and development of stress management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongtae Roh
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jun-Pil Jang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea
| | - Taehoon Oh
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jihong Kim
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Byeongsan Lee
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Soo Hong
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea.
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Korea.
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea.
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Yang H, Zhang Y, Li X, Liu Z, Bai Y, Qian G, Wu H, Li J, Guo Y, Yang S, Chen L, Yang J, Han J, Ma S, Yang J, Yu L, Shui R, Jin X, Wang H, Zhang F, Chen T, Li X, Zong X, Liu L, Fan J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Shi G, Wang D, Tao S. Associations between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A multicenter study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27377. [PMID: 38496884 PMCID: PMC10944224 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing around the world, and it is one of the main causes of death in chronic kidney diseases patients. It is urgent to early identify the factors of cardiometabolic risk. Sleep problems have been recognized as a risk factor for cardiometabolic risk in both healthy people and chronic patients. However, the relationship between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk has not been clearly explored in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk in 3025 hemodialysis patients by a multicenter study. After adjusting for confounders, binary logistic regression models showed that hemodialysis patients reported sleep duration greater than 7 h were more likely to be with hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Patients reported sleep duration less than 7 h were more likely to be with hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, but the risks of hyperglycemia and Low HDL-cholesterol were decreased. Poor sleep quality was negatively correlated to low HDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, gender-based differences were explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiuyong Li
- Blood Purification Center, NO.2 People's Hospital of Fuyang City, 1088 Yinghe West Road, Fuyang, 236015, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science & Technology, 203 Huaibin Road, Huainan, 232000, China
| | - Youwei Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Lu'an City, 73 Mozitan Road, Lu'an, 237000, China
| | - Guangrong Qian
- Department of Nephrology, Maanshan People's Hospital, 45 Hubei Road, Maanshan, 243099, China
| | - Han Wu
- Blood Purification Center, Bozhou People's Hospital, 616 Duzhong Road, Bozhou, 236814, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongling People's Hospital, 468 Bijiashan Road, Tongling, 244099, China
| | - Yuwen Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Lujiang County People's Hospital, 32 Wenmingzhong Road, Lujiang, 231501, China
| | - Shanfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shouxian County Hospital, Northeast of the Intersection of Binyang Avenue and Dongjin Avenue, Shouxian County, 232200, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hefei Jinnan Kidney Hospital, Northeast of the Intersection of Fozhang Road and Beihai Road, Hefei, 230071, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Funan County People's Hospital, 36 Santa Road, Funan County, 236300, China
| | - Jiuhuai Han
- Department of Nephrology, Anqing Municipal Hospital, 87 East Tianzhushan Road, Anqing, 246003, China
| | - Shengyin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, 125 Huaihe West Road, Suzhou, 234099, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, 390 Huaihe Road, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Linfei Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Taihu, 196 Renmin Road, Taihu County, 246400, China
| | - Runzhi Shui
- Blood Purification Center, Huangshan City People's Hospital, 4 Liyuan Road, Huangshan, 245000, China
| | - Xiping Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Huainan Chao Yang Hospital, 15 Renmin South Road, Huainan, 232007, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Lixin County People's Hospital, Intersection of Wenzhou Road and Feihe Road, Lixin County, 236700, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhi County People's Hospital, 70 Jianshe Road, Dongzhi County, 247299, China
| | - Tianhao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Tianchang City People's Hospital, 137 Jianshe East Road, Tianchang, 239399, China
| | - Xinke Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiaoxian People's Hospital, 58 Jiankang Road, Xiaoxian Conty, 235200, China
| | - Xiaoying Zong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, 633 Longhua Road, Bengbu, 233017, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, 246 Heping Road, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jihui Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Huaibei People's Hospital, 66 Huaihai West Road, Huaibei, 235000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Xuancheng City, 51 Dabatang Road, Xuancheng, 242099, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Lujiang County Hospital of TCM, 350 Zhouyu Avenue, Lujiang County, 231501, China
| | - Guangcai Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hefei, Yuxi Road, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Deguang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shuman Tao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
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Szustkiewicz-Karoń A, Schönborn M, Patrycja Pasieka, Płotek A, Maga P, Gregorczyk-Maga I. Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid: A Review. Angiology 2023; 74:909-947. [PMID: 36268801 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221134757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the fact that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the most serious problem in public health, there is a need for new and efficient methods for screening and early detection. In the recent literature, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have been gaining recognition as sources of many potential biomarkers of various systemic diseases, mainly because of correlation between the level of some compounds in the blood and saliva and association between the composition of saliva and health status. In this review, we summarize published findings of patients with atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and stroke in the context of clinical utility of saliva and GCF in diagnosing and assessing CVD severity. We hypothesize that substances in saliva including inflammatory markers, enzymes, or hormones might become novel contributors to the diagnosis and screening of CVDs. In particular, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα), and cortisol seem to be the most promising. However, further investigation is warranted to determine the most effective markers and methods for their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martyna Schönborn
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Pasieka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Płotek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Sousa S, Pestana D, Faria G, Delerue-Matos C, Calhau C, Fernandes Domingues V. Adipose tissue fatty acids as biomarkers for metabolic dysfunction in obese females: Implication of menopause and ageing. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 195:102581. [PMID: 37494765 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) are biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction. Adipose tissue is the largest reservoir of FA and acts differently in obese individuals. Menopause by itself significantly alters metabolism, lipid metabolism dysregulation, and adipose tissue distribution. How adipose tissue FA alters an obese individual's metabolism depending on a female's menopausal status is yet poorly understood. Hence, the subcutaneous (scAT) and visceral adipose tissue (vAT) FA profile for 173 obese premenopausal and postmenopausal women was measured and associated with biochemical parameters. scAT and vAT FA profiles were distinct by themselves and in menopause. In total 816 associations were found with biochemical parameters, where only 58 were independent of the menopausal status. The associations found to emphasize the importance of assessing the adipose tissue FA profile and how their behavior changes with menopause. The FA are crucial in metabolic processes and can be helpful biomarkers in the prevention/treatment and follow-up of female obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Pestana
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Nutrição e Metabolismo NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gil Faria
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Nutrição e Metabolismo NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
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Stout ME, Keirns BH, Hawkins MAW. Hypocortisolemic reactivity to acute social stress among lonely young women. Soc Neurosci 2023; 18:171-182. [PMID: 37381132 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2023.2229082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We examined biopsychosocial stress of acute social pain in relation to chronic loneliness. Hypotheses: 1) Cyberball exclusion (vs. inclusion) would be associated with lower cortisol reactivity to a speech task, and 2) loneliness would moderate the relationship between social exclusion and cortisol reactivity to a speech task, such that higher loneliness would be linked to lower cortisol. Participants (n = 31, women, aged 18-25, 51.6% non-Hispanic white) were randomized to be excluded or included in a game of Cyberball, then completed a speech task. Salivary cortisol was measured at baseline, pre-speech, post-speech, and 15 minutes post-speech. Cortisol reactivity was calculated using area under the curve-increase (AUCi). ANOVA revealed a non-significant, meaningful effect of Cyberball exclusion on cortisol AUCi (p=.103, ηp2=.10), accounting for contraceptive use. Moderation analysis revealed among women with high loneliness, women in the exclusion condition had significantly lower cortisol reactivity than women in the inclusion condition (p=.001). For women with low and medium loneliness, there were no significant differences by Cyberball condition. In sum, lonely young women who are excluded may have hypocortisolemic responses to social stress. Results are consistent with literature suggesting that chronic stress is linked to lower cortisol responses, which is linked to negative physical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison E Stout
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Bryant H Keirns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Misty A W Hawkins
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Khumngern S, Jeerapan I. Advances in wearable electrochemical antibody-based sensors for cortisol sensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04577-y. [PMID: 36781449 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is a crucial hormone involving many physiological processes. Hence, cortisol detection is essential. This review highlights the key progress made on wearable electrochemical sensors using antibodies. It covers the design, principle, and electroanalytical methodology for detecting cortisol noninvasively. This article also analyzes and collects the analytical performances of electrochemical cortisol sensors. The development of these sensors continues to face challenges such as biofouling, sample management, sensitivity, flexibility, stability, and recognition layer performance. It is also necessary to develop a sensitive electrode and material. This article also presents potential strategies for designing antibody electrodes and provides examples of sensing systems. Additionally, it discusses the challenges in translating research into practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suntisak Khumngern
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Itthipon Jeerapan
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand.
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9
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Zhao R, Luo S, Wang S, Wen Y, Xiong F. Coronary artery disease in a patient with Addison's disease: a case report and literature review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:54. [PMID: 36709280 PMCID: PMC9884407 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addison's disease which is due to dysfunction of the adrenal gland, with abnormal secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, is rare. By inducing inflammation and disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism, Addison's disease may accelerate progression of co-existed cardiovascular diseases. Addison's disease combined with cardiovascular disease is infrequent, only 10 cases in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION We reported a 51-year-old male patient with unstable angina pectoris and hypotension. Changes on coronary angiography within 2 years suggested rapid progression of coronary artery disease in a patient with low cardiovascular risk. An additional clue of skin hyperpigmentation, fatigue and further examination confirmed the diagnosis of Addison's disease caused by adrenal tuberculosis. After hormone replacement treatment, the frequency and severity of the angina pectoris were alleviated significantly, as were hypotension, hyperpigmentation and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS The combination of Addison's disease and coronary artery disease in one patient is rare. Addison's disease can induce inflammation and disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism, which may further accelerate the course of coronary artery disease. Meanwhile, the hypotension in Addison's disease may affect the coronary blood flow, which may result in an increased susceptibility to unstable angina in the presence of coronary stenosis. So, we should analyze comprehensively if the coronary artery disease progress rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Zhao
- grid.263901.f0000 0004 1791 7667Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Chengdu Third People’s Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
| | - Suxin Luo
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- grid.263901.f0000 0004 1791 7667Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Chengdu Third People’s Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
| | - Yi Wen
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Health Management Centre, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Feng Xiong
- grid.263901.f0000 0004 1791 7667Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Chengdu Third People’s Hospital/The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031 China
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Zhang C, Qin G. Irregular sleep and cardiometabolic risk: Clinical evidence and mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1059257. [PMID: 36873401 PMCID: PMC9981680 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1059257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep regularity is an essential part of the multidimensional sleep health framework. The phenomenon of irregular sleep patterns is widespread in contemporary lifestyles. This review synthesizes clinical evidence to summarize the measures of sleep regularity and discusses the role of different sleep regularity indicators in developing cardiometabolic diseases (coronary heart disease, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes). Existing literature has proposed several measurements to assess sleep regularity, mainly including the standard deviation (SD) of sleep duration and timing, sleep regularity index (SRI), interdaily stability (IS), and social jetlag (SJL). Evidence on associations between sleep variability and cardiometabolic diseases varies depending on the measure used to characterize variability in sleep. Current studies have identified a robust association between SRI and cardiometabolic diseases. In comparison, the association between other metrics of sleep regularity and cardiometabolic diseases was mixed. Meanwhile, the associations of sleep variability with cardiometabolic diseases differ across the population. SD of sleep characteristics or IS may be more consistently associated with HbA1c in patients with diabetes compared with the general population. The association between SJL and hypertension for patients with diabetes was more accordant than in the general population. Interestingly, the age-stratified association between SJL and metabolic factors was observed in the present studies. Furthermore, the relevant literature was reviewed to generalize the potential mechanisms through which irregular sleep increases cardiometabolic risk, including circadian dysfunction, inflammation, autonomic dysfunction, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disorder, and gut dysbiosis. Health-related practitioners should give more attention to the role of sleep regularity on human cardiometabolic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Zhang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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11
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Pivac N, Vuic B, Sagud M, Nedic Erjavec G, Nikolac Perkovic M, Konjevod M, Tudor L, Svob Strac D, Uzun S, Kozumplik O, Uzun S, Mimica N. PTSD, Immune System, and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:225-262. [PMID: 36949313 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe trauma and stress-related disorder associated with different somatic comorbidities, especially cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and with chronic low-grade inflammation. Altered balance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, cytokines and chemokines, C-reactive protein, oxidative stress markers, kynurenine pathways, and gut microbiota might be involved in the alterations of certain brain regions regulating fear conditioning and memory processes, that are all altered in PTSD. In addition to the HPA axis, the gut microbiota maintains the balance and interaction of the immune, CNS, and endocrine pathways forming the gut-brain axis. Disbalance in the HPA axis, gut-brain axis, oxidative stress pathways and kynurenine pathways, altered immune signaling and disrupted homeostasis, as well as the association of the PTSD with the inflammation and disrupted cognition support the search for novel strategies for treatment of PTSD. Besides potential anti-inflammatory treatment, dietary interventions or the use of beneficial bacteria, such as probiotics, can potentially improve the composition and the function of the bacterial community in the gut. Therefore, bacterial supplements and controlled dietary changes, with exercise, might have beneficial effects on the psychological and cognitive functions in patients with PTSD. These new treatments should be aimed to attenuate inflammatory processes and consequently to reduce PTSD symptoms but also to improve cognition and reduce cardio-metabolic disorders associated so frequently with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Barbara Vuic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Uzun
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sandra Uzun
- Department for Anesthesiology, Reanimatology, and Intensive Care, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Johnson AJ, Urizar GG, Nwabuzor J, Dinh P. Racism, shame, and stress reactivity among young black women. Stress Health 2022; 38:1001-1013. [PMID: 35468656 PMCID: PMC10911821 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Black women experience disproportional rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) warranting further exploration of CVD risk factors. Growing evidence suggests acute stress reactivity studies may elucidate the mechanisms driving psychosocial correlates of CVD risks. Race-related stress has been identified as a CVD risk factor among Black women though recent evidence suggests emotions may facilitate these risks. Black women may be vulnerable to shame related to frequent racist experiences. Yet, no study to date has examined racism, shame, and stress reactivity in this population. The current study utilized mixed linear models to test for time and group effects of racism and shame on stress reactivity (e.g., cortisol and C-reactive protein [CRP]) among 34 Black women who completed the Trier Social Stress Test. Tests for two-way interactions (i.e., shame by racism) were also performed. Significant time and group effects were observed for shame and racism on stress reactivity. Black women who experienced greater lifetime racism, stress appraised, but lower racism during the past year, exhibited greater CRP responses. Black women who experienced high levels of shame and racism during the past year and their lifetime demonstrated greater cortisol reactivity. These results prompt further research on racism and shame as CVD risk factors among Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber J. Johnson
- Department of Health Science, California State University, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Guido G. Urizar
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Jessica Nwabuzor
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Dinh
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, California, USA
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13
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Qi W, Liu J, Yu T, Huang S, Song R, Qiao Z. Ae1/Sbe1 maize-derived high amylose improves gut barrier function and ameliorates type II diabetes in high-fat diet-fed mice by increasing Akkermansia. Front Nutr 2022; 9:999020. [PMID: 36245499 PMCID: PMC9556726 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.999020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has its origins in chronic inflammation due to immune dysregulation. Improving chronic inflammation can significantly reduce the probability of T2DM and the rate of disease progression. Resistance to starch 2 (RSII) high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) has been widely implicated in the improvement and regulation of T2DM. However, its exact molecular mechanisms have not been fully discovered. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock out two starch-branching enzyme genes, Ae1 and Sbe1, in maize to obtain mutants containing higher levels of HAMS. In experiments in which HAMS was fed to mice on a high-fat diet (HFD), we confirmed the function of HAMS in ameliorating hyperglycemia. Mechanistically, we found that HAMS improves the gut barrier function by increasing the Akkermansia abundance in the gut. This increase led to the alleviation of chronic inflammation in mice on a HFD, resulting in improved insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingchao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tante Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengchan Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rentao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenyi Qiao
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14
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Coehoorn CJ, Neary JP, Krigolson OE, Service TW, Stuart-Hill LA. Firefighter salivary cortisol responses following rapid heat stress. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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15
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Susilo H, Thaha M, Pikir BS, Alsagaff MY, Suryantoro SD, Wungu CDK, Pratama NR, Pakpahan C, Oceandy D. The Role of Plasma Interleukin-6 Levels on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Mortality Risk Scores in Javanese Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1122. [PMID: 35887619 PMCID: PMC9323412 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been identified as an important pro-inflammatory factor involved in mediating the severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study sought to determine the effect of plasma IL-6 levels on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and cardiovascular mortality risk scores in Javanese CKD patients. We also analyzed the frequency of IL-6 G174C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the population. This study was a cross-sectional study involving seventy-three patients of Javanese ethnic origin with stable chronic kidney disease. We assessed the ASCVD risk score, cardiovascular mortality score, genotyping of IL-6 G174C SNP, and plasma IL-6 levels in these patients. The genotype distribution and allele frequencies of the IL-6 G174C SNP were predominated by the G genotype/allele (GG: 97.26%, GC: 1.37%, CC: 1.37%, G-allele: 97.95%, and C-allele: 2.05%). Despite the fact that plasma IL-6 levels did not directly affect cardiovascular mortality risk, further analysis revealed its direct effect on the ASCVD risk score (path coefficient = 0.184, p = 0.043, 95% CI = 0.018−0.380), which in turn affected cardiovascular mortality risk (path coefficient = 0.851, p = <0.01, 95% CI = 0.714−0.925). In conclusion, plasma IL-6 levels play important roles on ASCVD risk and cardiovascular mortality risk in Javanese patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendri Susilo
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia;
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Mochammad Thaha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Budi Susetyo Pikir
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Mochamad Yusuf Alsagaff
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Satriyo Dwi Suryantoro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | | | - Cennikon Pakpahan
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia;
| | - Delvac Oceandy
- Division of Cardiovascular Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PR, UK;
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16
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Zhdanov A, Chen C, Schmitt C, Tripp T, Miller C, Pyayt A. Mobile ELISA with a Transparent Incubator. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2393:329-341. [PMID: 34837188 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1803-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most important technologies for biochemical testing critical for diagnosis and monitoring of many diseases. Traditional systems for ELISA incubation and reading are expensive and bulky, thus cannot be used at point-of-care or in the field. Here, we designed and demonstrated a new miniature mobile phone-based system for ELISA. This mHealth system can be used to complete all steps of the assay, including incubation and reading. It can be fabricated at low cost, it is portable, and can transfer test results via mobile phone. We have designed incubation chamber, imaging enclosure, and data processing algorithm. We demonstrate how mobile ELISA can be calibrated for accurate measurements of cortisol and show successful measurements with the calibrated system. We show that the results acquired with our prototype match well the results obtained with the gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsenii Zhdanov
- IBIS Lab, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cassidy Chen
- IBIS Lab, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Crystal Schmitt
- IBIS Lab, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tyler Tripp
- IBIS Lab, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chase Miller
- IBIS Lab, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anna Pyayt
- IBIS Lab, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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17
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Clark O, Lee MM, Jingree ML, O'Dwyer E, Yue Y, Marrero A, Tamez M, Bhupathiraju SN, Mattei J. Weight Stigma and Social Media: Evidence and Public Health Solutions. Front Nutr 2021; 8:739056. [PMID: 34869519 PMCID: PMC8632711 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.739056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight stigma is a pressing issue that affects individuals across the weight distribution. The role of social media in both alleviating and exacerbating weight bias has received growing attention. On one hand, biased algorithms on social media platforms may filter out posts from individuals in stigmatized groups and concentrate exposure to content that perpetuates problematic norms about weight. Individuals may also be more likely to engage in attacks due to increased anonymity and lack of substantive consequences online. The critical influence of social media in shaping beliefs may also lead to the internalization of weight stigma. However, social media could also be used as a positive agent of change. Movements such as Body Positivity, the Fatosphere, and Health at Every Size have helped counter negative stereotypes and provide more inclusive spaces. To support these efforts, governments should continue to explore legislative solutions to enact anti-weight discrimination policies, and platforms should invest in diverse content moderation teams with dedicated weight bias training while interrogating bias in existing algorithms. Public health practitioners and clinicians should leverage social media as a tool in weight management interventions and increase awareness of stigmatizing online content among their patients. Finally, researchers must explore how experiences of stigma differ across in-person and virtual settings and critically evaluate existing research methodologies and terminology. Addressing weight stigma on social media will take a concerted effort across an expansive set of stakeholders, but the benefits to population health are consequential and well-worth our collective attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Clark
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew M Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Muksha Luxmi Jingree
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erin O'Dwyer
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yiyang Yue
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abrania Marrero
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Martha Tamez
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Ikeda A, Steptoe A, Shipley M, Abell J, Kumari M, Tanigawa T, Iso H, Wilkinson IB, McEniery CM, Singh-Manoux A, Kivimaki M, Brunner EJ. Diurnal pattern of salivary cortisol and progression of aortic stiffness: Longitudinal study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105372. [PMID: 34517196 PMCID: PMC8543075 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The positive direct relation between stress and the development of cardiovascular disease has increasingly been recognized. However, the link between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysregulation and subclinical cardiovascular disease has not been studied longitudinally. We investigated the relation of diurnal salivary cortisol, as a biological marker of stress levels, with progression of aortic stiffness over five years. METHODS A total of 3281 people (mean age 65.5) in the Whitehall II prospective study provided six saliva samples on a single weekday. We assessed the diurnal salivary cortisol using the daytime slope and bedtime level. Aortic stiffness was measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) at baseline (2007-2009) and five years later (2012-2013). Linear mixed models were used to estimate the association of diurnal salivary cortisol with baseline PWV and five-year longitudinal changes. RESULTS Diurnal salivary cortisol were not associated with PWV at baseline. Among women but not men, a 1-SD shallower salivary cortisol slope at baseline was associated with a five-year increase in PWV (β = 0.199; 95% CI = 0.040, 0.358 m/s) and higher bedtime cortisol level (β = 0.208, 95% CI = 0.062, 0.354 m/s). CONCLUSIONS Dysregulation of the HPA axis measured using salivary cortisol (shallower slope, higher bedtime level) predicted the rate of progression of aortic stiffness among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ikeda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Shipley
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Abell
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Takeshi Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ian B Wilkinson
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmel M McEniery
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing & Neurodegenerative diseases, Paris, France
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eric J Brunner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
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19
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Liu Q, Shi W, Tian L, Su M, Jiang M, Li J, Gu H, Yu C. Preparation of nanostructured PDMS film as flexible immunosensor for cortisol analysis in human sweat. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1184:339010. [PMID: 34625258 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This work proposed a novel and flexible immunosensor for highly selective and sensitive determination of cortisol in sweat. The flexible electrode was developed by transferring multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) film on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate and subsequent electrochemical deposition of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the MWCNTs surface. The obtained AuNPs/MWCNTs/PDMS electrode was then covalently immobilized with anti-cortisol monoclonal antibody (Anti-Cmab) and blocked with BSA. Scanning electron microscope confirmed that MWCNTs have been firmly combined with PDMS and AuNPs distributed uniformly on the surface of MWCNTs. The PDMS-based sensor possesses a good mechanical stability against stretching, bending and twisting, displaying stable electrochemical performance under deformation. After optimizing the analytical parameters, the developed immunosensor allowed a facile quantification of cortisol in the range of 1 fg/mL-1 μg/mL with a detection limit of 0.3 fg/mL. The cortisol immunosensor was further used to evaluate cortisol levels in human sweat, and the results corresponded closely with commercially available chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. Results indicated that the new cortisol immunosensor could provide an effective tool for the noninvasive, point of care measurement of sweat cortisol levels and is promise to be a wearable biosensor for the healthy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Weishan Shi
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Liang Tian
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Mengjie Su
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Haiying Gu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China.
| | - Chunmei Yu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, PR China.
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20
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Pilz S, Theiler-Schwetz V, Trummer C, Keppel MH, Grübler MR, Verheyen N, Odler B, Meinitzer A, Voelkl J, März W. Associations of Serum Cortisol with Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality in Patients Referred to Coronary Angiography. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab017. [PMID: 33869979 PMCID: PMC8041336 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Serum cortisol may be associated with cardiovascular risk factors and mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography, but previous data on this topic are limited and controversial. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether morning serum cortisol is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, lymphocyte subtypes, and mortality. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study performed at a tertiary care centre in south-west Germany between 1997 and 2000. We included 3052 study participants who underwent coronary angiography. The primary outcome measures were cardiovascular risk factors, lymphocyte subtypes, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS Serum cortisol was associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile, but there was no significant association with coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome. In a subsample of 2107 participants, serum cortisol was positively associated with certain lymphocyte subsets, including CD16+CD56+ (natural killer) cells (P < 0.001). Comparing the fourth versus the first serum cortisol quartile, the crude Cox proportional hazard ratios (with 95% CIs) were 1.22 (1.00-1.47) for all-cause and 1.32 (1.04-1.67) for cardiovascular mortality, respectively. After adjustments for various cardiovascular risk factors, these associations were attenuated to 0.93 (0.76-1.14) for all-cause, and 0.97 (0.76-1.25) for cardiovascular mortality, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite significant associations with classic cardiovascular risk factors and natural killer cells, serum cortisol was not a significant and independent predictor of mortality in patients referred to coronary angiography. These findings might reflect that adverse cardiovascular effects of cortisol could be counterbalanced by some cardiovascular protective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pilz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Theiler-Schwetz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Trummer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin H Keppel
- University Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin R Grübler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Geriatrics and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Verheyen
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Balazs Odler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics Medical, University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Institute for Physiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Departments of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care and Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Synlab Academy, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Clinic V (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Özcan Yüce U, Taşcı S. Effect of Reiki on the stress level of caregivers of patients with cancer: Qualitative and single-blind randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2021; 58:102708. [PMID: 33675935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Reiki on stress levels of individuals caring for patients with cancer. METHODS The study was conducted a pretest-posttest, single-blind randomized controlled trial and qualitative study using a semi-structured in-depth interview. In this study, women who were primary caregivers of patients with cancer treated in a university hospital were randomized to Reiki and sham Reiki groups. The Reiki group received Reiki to nine main points for 45 min, once a week for 6 weeks, while the sham Reiki group received the same points during the same period without starting energy flow. CSI scores and salivary cortisol levels were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the study, whereas systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate were evaluated before and after application every week. After the study, the opinions of the Reiki group on Reiki experience were collected by using a questionnaire consisting of semi-structured questions. RESULTS The study was completed with a total of 42 caregivers. The sample size was calculated based on the difference in Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) scores before and after the intervention. According to the power analysis, with α = 0.05 and β = 0.20, the effect size was 1.71 and the power 99 %. Post-intervention CSI scores declined in the Reiki group compared with that in the sham Reiki group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of saliva cortisol levels (p > 0.05). According to the results of the general linear model repeated measure and Friedman tests, which were conducted to evaluate the change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate over a 6-week period, the values of these parameters decreased before and after each application compared with the caregivers in the sham Reiki group (p < 0.05). All caregivers stated that they found the caring process less stressful after the Reiki sessions and felt relieved compared with the pre-therapy period, and some of their physical complaints decreased. CONCLUSION Reiki reduces the stress levels of caregivers, is effective in regulating blood pressure and pulse rate, does not cause a significant change on saliva cortisol level, and provides relief to caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulviye Özcan Yüce
- Health Sciences Faculty, Nursing Department, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey.
| | - Sultan Taşcı
- Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Internal Nursing, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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22
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Munger E, Hickey JW, Dey AK, Jafri MS, Kinser JM, Mehta NN. Application of machine learning in understanding atherosclerosis: Emerging insights. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:011505. [PMID: 33644628 PMCID: PMC7889295 DOI: 10.1063/5.0028986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological processes are incredibly complex—integrating molecular signaling networks involved in multicellular communication and function, thus maintaining homeostasis. Dysfunction of these processes can result in the disruption of homeostasis, leading to the development of several disease processes including atherosclerosis. We have significantly advanced our understanding of bioprocesses in atherosclerosis, and in doing so, we are beginning to appreciate the complexities, intricacies, and heterogeneity atherosclerosi. We are also now better equipped to acquire, store, and process the vast amount of biological data needed to shed light on the biological circuitry involved. Such data can be analyzed within machine learning frameworks to better tease out such complex relationships. Indeed, there has been an increasing number of studies applying machine learning methods for patient risk stratification based on comorbidities, multi-modality image processing, and biomarker discovery pertaining to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Here, we focus on current applications of machine learning to provide insight into atherosclerotic plaque formation and better understand atherosclerotic plaque progression in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Hickey
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94306, USA
| | - Amit K Dey
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Nehal N Mehta
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Choshen-Hillel S, Ishqer A, Mahameed F, Reiter J, Gozal D, Gileles-Hillel A, Berger I. Acute and chronic sleep deprivation in residents: Cognition and stress biomarkers. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 55:174-184. [PMID: 32697336 PMCID: PMC7854866 DOI: 10.1111/medu.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insufficient sleep affects circadian hormonal profiles and inflammatory markers and may modulate attention, executive functioning and decision-making. Medical professionals and specifically resident physicians, who are involved in long-term nightshift schedules during their post-graduate training, are prone to acute and chronic sleep deprivation and disruption, putting them at risk for making medical errors. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of chronic and acute-on-chronic sleep deprivation and disruption among residents on selected physiological and cognitive measures. METHODS Thirty-three medical and surgical residents were evaluated twice - at baseline and after a 26-hour shift. Eighteen young attending physicians who did not engage in nightshift schedules served as controls and were evaluated once. Measures included morning cortisol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), computerised tests of attention and behaviour, the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function, a risk-taking questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS Residents, but not attendings, reported chronic sleep disruption and deprivation. Residents at baseline exhibited reduced morning cortisol levels and elevated hs-CRP levels, compared to attendings. Residents at baseline had impaired global executive function compared to attendings. A nightshift with acute sleep deprivation further reduced residents' executive function. Residents at baseline and after a nightshift demonstrated increased impulsivity and slower processing time than attendings. Residents and attendings did not differ in risk-taking tendencies which were assessed in a separate cohort. CONCLUSIONS In a real-life setting, resident physicians exhibit increased low-grade systemic inflammation (hs-CRP) and impaired HPA-axis function. Their chronic sleep curtailment is associated with greater impulsivity, slower cognitive processing, and impaired executive function. Future research is warranted to understand how improving working schedule by increasing sleep duration may minimise the short-term and potential long-term risks to physicians in training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoham Choshen-Hillel
- School of Business Administration and the Federmann Center for the Study of Rationality, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Ahmad Ishqer
- Pediatric Pulmonary & Sleep Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center
| | - Fadi Mahameed
- Pediatric Pulmonary & Sleep Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center
| | - Joel Reiter
- Pediatric Pulmonary & Sleep Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health, MU Women’s and Children’s Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine
| | - Alex Gileles-Hillel
- Pediatric Pulmonary & Sleep Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center
| | - Itai Berger
- Pediatric Neurology; Department of Pediatrics, Assuta-Ashdod University Medical Center
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva
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Khan A, Palka J, Joshi PH, Khera A, Brown ES. Association of depressive symptom severity with coronary artery calcium: The Dallas heart study. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:267-271. [PMID: 32697708 PMCID: PMC7484243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have yielded mixed results regarding the relationship between depressive symptoms and coronary artery calcium (CAC). This analysis sought to evaluate this relationship using a multiethnic, population-based cohort. METHODS Data were extracted from the second phase of the Dallas Heart Study (DHS-2). Depressive symptom severity was measured with the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report (QIDS), a validated depressive symptom severity scale. A regression analysis was performed using QIDS score as the predictor variable and CAC as the outcome variable. Covariates included age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and body mass index. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 2,293 individuals with a mean age of 50 years and included 47.1% female and 47.1% black participants. The mean QIDS score was 4.37(±3.69), and 43.3% had CAC > 0. Regression results indicated that QIDS does not statistically significantly predict whether one does or does not have CAC, when controlling for age, sex, and ethnicity (β = 0.088, p = .240, OR = 1.092, 95% CI 0.943-1.264). LIMITATIONS Cross sectional design is limited to one point in time, very depressed patients with higher CAC burden may not have participated, and depressive symptoms may be associated with subclinical atherosclerosis differently with a formal diagnosis of depression. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms were not associated with presence or severity of CAC in a multiethnic population based sample. Future studies are needed to determine if other prognostic markers of coronary heart disease are associated with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas,Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jayme Palka
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas,Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Parag H Joshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amit Khera
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - E Sherwood Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas,Dallas, TX, USA.
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Quadt L, Esposito G, Critchley HD, Garfinkel SN. Brain-body interactions underlying the association of loneliness with mental and physical health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 116:283-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kang HJ, Bae KY, Kim SW, Shin IS, Kim HR, Shin MG, Hong YJ, Ahn Y, Jeong MH, Yoon JS, Kim JM. Methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene associated with depression in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:42-49. [PMID: 30408722 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the longitudinal effects of NR3C1 1 F exon methylation on the risk of depression following ACS and treatment outcomes. METHODS In total, 969 patients admitted for recent ACS were recruited within 2 weeks of ACS; 711 of these patients were followed up at 1 year. Depressive disorder was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria and included prevalent depressive disorder at baseline and incident or persistent depressive disorder at follow-up based on depression status at the two examinations. Of the 378 baseline participants who were diagnosed with depression, 255 participated in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram, while the remaining 123 were managed with the usual medical treatment for ACS.NR3C1 1 F exon methylation was measured using peripheral blood samples, and various demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed as covariates. RESULTS Higher NR3C1 1 F exon methylation levels were independently associated with prevalent depressive disorder at baseline but not with incident or persistent depressive disorder at follow-up based on logistic regression analyses adjusted for covariates. The effects of escitalopram on the remission of depressive symptoms was not influenced by NR3C1 1 F exon methylation status in ACS patients, but a placebo effect on the remission of depressive symptoms was observed, particularly in patients with lower methylation levels. CONCLUSIONS ACS patients with higher NR3C1 1 F exon methylation levels were at higher risk of developing depressive disorder within 2 weeks of ACS. Additionally, adequate antidepressant treatment may be effective for the remission of depressive symptoms regardless of NR3C1 1 F exon methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Yeol Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Ran Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Geun Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Sang Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Wilbur RE, Griffin JS, Sorensen M, Furberg RD. Establishing Digital Biomarkers for Occupational Health Assessment in Commercial Salmon Fishermen: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e10215. [PMID: 30530453 PMCID: PMC6305878 DOI: 10.2196/10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commercial salmon fishing in Alaska is one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States. Between 1992 and 2008, the average annual industry mortality rate was 128 deaths per 100,000 workers, and despite an increase in industry regulations, there has not been a significant decrease in mortality rate since 2000. Unpredictable fishing openings and fierce competition for limited resources result in periods of intense sleep deprivation and physical strain during the short commercial salmon season in Alaska. Objective We hypothesize that the combined effect of sleep deprivation, intense physical workload, and significant short-term chronic stress may be deleterious to health in both the short- and long-term among commercial salmon drift gillnet fishermen in Alaska. The objective of this protocol is to determine the feasibility of the study design to test this hypothesis. Methods The study design uses mixed methods and includes biometric monitoring consisting of heart rate variability, respiration, and movement data collected via a personal, wearable biometric device. Additional methods include observational data on activity, including duration and quality of sleep, weather, catch, and financial gain, as well as the collection of salivary cortisol. As such, the study will provide a holistic assessment of individual stress on multiple simultaneous timescales: immediately and continuously through the personal wearable biometric device, on the minute-hour level through the multiple daily collections of salivary cortisol, and by the hour-day through the use of participant and environment observational data. Results Data collection was initiated in July 2017 and will extend through August 2019. Initial data collection has indicated that the methods outlined in this protocol are feasible and allow for effective collection of qualitative and quantitative data related to the psychological and physiological impact of Alaska commercial salmon fishing. Conclusions We anticipate that the use of a biometric device will be crucial in establishing measures of stress and physical activity within a population and environment uniquely challenged by physical isolation, strong weather patterns, and the potential for significant financial gain by fishermen. The potential exists for individuals engaged long-term in the fishing industry, through repeated and extended exposure to periods of intense sleep deprivation and chronic stress, to be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/10215
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Spencer Griffin
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Mark Sorensen
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Wagner AK, Kumar RG. TBI Rehabilomics Research: Conceptualizing a humoral triad for designing effective rehabilitation interventions. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:133-144. [PMID: 30222984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most areas of medicine use biomarkers in some capacity to aid in understanding how personal biology informs clinical care. This article draws upon the Rehabilomics research model as a translational framework for programs of precision rehabilitation and intervention research focused on linking personal biology to treatment response using biopsychosocial constructs that broadly represent function and that can be applied to many clinical populations with disability. The summary applies the Rehabilomics research framework to the population with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and emphasizes a broad vision for biomarker inclusion, beyond typical brain-derived biomarkers, to capture and/or reflect important neurological and non-neurological pathology associated with TBI as a chronic condition. Humoral signaling molecules are explored as important signaling and regulatory drivers of these chronic conditions and their impact on function. Importantly, secondary injury cascades involved in the humoral triad are influenced by the systemic response to TBI and the development of non-neurological organ dysfunction (NNOD). Biomarkers have been successfully leveraged in other medical fields to inform pre-randomization patient selection for clinical trials, however, this practice largely has not been utilized in TBI research. As such, the applicability of the Rehabilomics research model to contemporary clinical trials and comparative effectiveness research designs for neurological and rehabilitation populations is emphasized. Potential points of intervention to modify inflammation, hormonal, or neurotrophic support through rehabilitation interventions are discussed. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Novel Treatments for Traumatic Brain Injury".
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - R G Kumar
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
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29
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Paley CA, Johnson MI. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome: exercise as medicine? BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2018; 10:7. [PMID: 29755739 PMCID: PMC5935926 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-018-0097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome is defined as a cluster of at least three out of five clinical risk factors: abdominal (visceral) obesity, hypertension, elevated serum triglycerides, low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and insulin resistance. It is estimated to affect over 20% of the global adult population. Abdominal (visceral) obesity is thought to be the predominant risk factor for metabolic syndrome and as predictions estimate that 50% of adults will be classified as obese by 2030 it is likely that metabolic syndrome will be a significant problem for health services and a drain on health economies. Evidence shows that regular and consistent exercise reduces abdominal obesity and results in favourable changes in body composition. It has therefore been suggested that exercise is a medicine in its own right and should be prescribed as such. Purpose of this review This review provides a summary of the current evidence on the pathophysiology of dysfunctional adipose tissue (adiposopathy). It describes the relationship of adiposopathy to metabolic syndrome and how exercise may mediate these processes, and evaluates current evidence on the clinical efficacy of exercise in the management of abdominal obesity. The review also discusses the type and dose of exercise needed for optimal improvements in health status in relation to the available evidence and considers the difficulty in achieving adherence to exercise programmes. Conclusion There is moderate evidence supporting the use of programmes of exercise to reverse metabolic syndrome although at present the optimal dose and type of exercise is unknown. The main challenge for health care professionals is how to motivate individuals to participate and adherence to programmes of exercise used prophylactically and as a treatment for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole A Paley
- 1Research & Development (Ward 12), Airedale NHS Foundation Trust, Skipton Road, Steeton, Keighley, West Yorkshire BD20 6TD UK.,2School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Portland Building, City Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE UK
| | - Mark I Johnson
- 2School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Portland Building, City Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE UK
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Jönsson S, Lundberg AK, Chung RWS, Jonasson L. Glucocorticoid sensitivity and inflammatory status of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with coronary artery disease. Ann Med 2018; 50:260-268. [PMID: 29473427 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1445278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanisms behind sustained inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are not clarified but hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction may have a role. Here, we investigated whether inflammatory status of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was associated with altered glucocorticoid sensitivity in CAD patients. METHODS In 55 CAD patients and 30 controls, mRNA levels of GR-α, GR-β, NF-κB, IκBα, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured in PBMCs. Suppressive effects of dexamethasone on GR-α, GR-β, NF-κB, IκBα, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNA levels were assessed in PBMCs ex vivo. Salivary cortisol was repeatedly measured over 3 days. RESULTS GR-α mRNA levels were higher in CAD patients than in controls, 0.50 (0.38-0.59) versus 0.26 (0.18-0.37), p < .001, while GR-β mRNA levels were equally low in both groups. GR-α mRNA expression was associated with inflammatory gene expression and, also, with flatter diurnal cortisol rhythm. In both patients and controls, dexamethasone suppressed gene expression of NF-κB, IκBα, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 (p < .001). Dexamethasone also reduced GR-α mRNA levels (p < .001), while LPS increased it (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS PBMCs from CAD patients displayed an inflammatory gene expression profile. This was not explained by reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity. Instead, inflammation was associated with increased expression of GR-α mRNA, suggesting a hypocortisolemic state. Key messages • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) display an inflammatory gene expression profile. • This inflammatory state cannot be explained by reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity in CAD patients. • Instead, the inflammatory gene expression profile is associated with upregulated levels of glucocorticoid receptor-α mRNA, suggesting a hypocortisolemic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jönsson
- a Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Anna K Lundberg
- a Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Rosanna W S Chung
- a Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Lena Jonasson
- a Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
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31
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Hart EC. Human hypertension, sympathetic activity and the selfish brain. Exp Physiol 2018; 101:1451-1462. [PMID: 27519960 DOI: 10.1113/ep085775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review article revisits an historical hypothesis that cerebral hypoperfusion, caused by elevated cerebral vascular resistances, causes the onset of high sympathetic nerve activity and hypertension in humans. What advances does it highlight? The review article highlights new evidence indicating that congenital cerebrovascular abnormalities, namely vertebral artery hypoplasia and an incomplete posterior circle of Willis, may play a role in the onset of hypertension. Despite the harmful consequences of high blood pressure (hypertension; e.g. stroke, renal failure, dementia and even death), the underlying physiological mechanisms that cause the onset of hypertension are poorly understood. The most established finding is that hypertension occurs alongside activation of the sympathetic nervous system, yet exactly what triggers this in humans is ambiguous. This review discusses evidence for elevated sympathetic nerve activity, particularly in human hypertension, and revisits an historical theory regarding the aetiology underlying human hypertension that was proposed by Seymour Kety and John Dickinson in the 1940s-1950s. My research group hypothesizes that elevated sympathetic nerve activity and hypertension develop as a fundamental mechanism to maintain adequate cerebral blood flow, which is now termed Cushing's mechanism or the selfish brain hypothesis. Moreover, it goes against the traditional belief that high cerebrovascular resistance is a consequence of hypertension; we propose that this elevated resistance drives hypertension. This review discusses historical and new evidence in animals and humans supporting this hypothesis. In particular, unique human data indicating a higher prevalence of congenital cerebral vascular abnormalities in hypertension are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Hart
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Stress-induced release of the S100A8/A9 alarmin is elevated in coronary artery disease patients with impaired cortisol response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17545. [PMID: 29235502 PMCID: PMC5727540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is thought to be an important trigger of cardiovascular events, yet the involved pathways and mediators are largely unknown. Elevated systemic levels of the pro-inflammatory alarmin S100A8/A9 correlate with poor prognosis in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Here, we investigated the links between S100A8/A9 release and parameters of anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid secretion in two different cohorts subjected to a psychological stress test. In the first cohort of 60 CAD patients, psychological stress induced a rapid increase of circulating S100A8/A9. This rapid S100A8/A9 response strongly correlated with elevated evening saliva cortisol levels, suggesting an association with a dysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. In the second cohort of 27 CAD patients and 28 controls, elevated S100A8/A9 levels were still detectable 24 h after stress in 40% of patients and 36% of controls, with a tendency for higher levels in patients. The sustained S100A8/A9 response was associated with a poor rapid cortisol release after stress in patients, but not in the control group. Our findings reveal for the first time that acute psychological stress induces elevated levels of S100A8/A9. We also provide hypothesis-generating evidence that dysregulated cortisol secretion in CAD patients might be associated with an exaggerated pro-inflammatory S100A8/A9 response.
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Angerer P, Schmook R, Elfantel I, Li J. Night Work and the Risk of Depression. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 114:404-411. [PMID: 28669378 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working the night shift interferes with the circadian chronobiological rhythm, causing sleep disturbances, fatigue, and diminished wellbeing, and increases the risk of serious disease. The question whether night work increases the risk of depression has not been adequately studied to date. METHODS We carried out a systematic, broadly conceived literature search in the PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and PSYNDEX databases and the Medpilot search portal on the topic of nighttime shift work and mental illness. RESULTS The search yielded 5682 hits, which were narrowed down by predefined selection criteria to 11 high-quality longitudinal studies on the relationship between nighttime shift work and depressive illness. Only these 11 studies were subjected to further analysis. 3 of 4 studies on nighttime shift work in the health professions (almost exclusively nursing) revealed no association with depression over an observation period of two years. On the other hand, 5 studies on nighttime shift work in occupations outside the health sector, with observation periods of two or more years, yielded evidence of an elevated risk of depression after several years of nighttime shift work, but not in any uniform pattern. A supplementary meta-analysis of 5 of the studies revealed a 42% increase of the risk of depression among persons working the night shift (95% confidence interval [0.92; 2.19]). Psychosocial working conditions that have a negative influence on health partially account for these associations. CONCLUSION Although there is evidence that nighttime shift work (at least, in occupations outside the health sector) does increase the risk of depression, this evidence is not strong enough to sustain a general medical recommendation against shift work for employees with depressive conditions. It would seem appropriate to address this question on an individual basis, with strong support from physicians and close attention to the deleterious psychosocial factors associated with shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Angerer
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
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Johnson AD, McQuoid DR, Steffens DC, Payne ME, Beyer JL, Taylor WD. Effects of stressful life events on cerebral white matter hyperintensity progression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32:e10-e17. [PMID: 28029184 PMCID: PMC5489375 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to stressful events is associated with both occurrence of depression and also vascular disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether higher levels of stress exposure was related to measures of pathological brain aging, specifically white matter hyperintensity volumes, in older adults with and without depression. METHODS The sample included 130 depressed and 110 never-depressed older adults aged 60 years or older enrolled in a longitudinal study at an academic medical center. Participants completed clinical assessments, assessment of stressful event exposure and perceived stress, and magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and after 2 years. Analyses examined both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between stress measures and white matter hyperintensity volumes. RESULTS There were no statistically significant relationships observed between cross-sectional baseline stress measures and either baseline hyperintensity volume or 2-year change in hyperintensity volume. However, after controlling for demographic variables and baseline measures, change in stressor exposure was associated with change in hyperintensity volumes. In this analysis, increased stressor exposure was associated with greater increases in white matter hyperintensity volume, while reductions in stressor exposure were associated with less increase in hyperintensity volume. This relationship did not significantly differ based on the presence of either depression or medical comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS This work adds to a growing literature associating exposure to stressful events in later life with more rapid pathological brain aging. Work is needed to understand the physiological mechanisms by which stress exposure has this effect and examine whether stress reduction techniques may modify these observed outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne D. Johnson
- The Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Douglas R. McQuoid
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - David C. Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Martha E. Payne
- Office of Research Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - John L. Beyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Warren D. Taylor
- The Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
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Brown EG, Gallagher S, Creaven AM. Loneliness and acute stress reactivity: A systematic review of psychophysiological studies. Psychophysiology 2017; 55:e13031. [PMID: 29152761 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Physiological reactivity to acute stress has been proposed as a potential biological mechanism by which loneliness may lead to negative health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease. This review was conducted to investigate the association between loneliness and physiological responses to acute stress. A series of electronic databases were systematically searched (PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL Plus, EBSCOhost, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Science Direct) for relevant studies, published up to October 2016. Eleven studies were included in the review. Overall, the majority of studies reported positive associations between loneliness and acute stress responses, such that higher levels of loneliness were predictive of exaggerated physiological reactions. However, in a few studies, loneliness was also linked with decreased stress responses for particular physiological outcomes, indicating the possible existence of blunted relationships. There was no clear pattern suggesting any sex- or stressor-based differences in these associations. The available evidence supports a link between loneliness and atypical physiological reactivity to acute stress. A key finding of this review was that greater levels of loneliness are associated with exaggerated blood pressure and inflammatory reactivity to acute stress. However, there was some indication that loneliness may also be related to blunted cardiac, cortisol, and immune responses. Overall, this suggests that stress reactivity could be one of the biological mechanisms through which loneliness impacts upon health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin G Brown
- Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Centre for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gallagher
- Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Centre for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ann-Marie Creaven
- Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Centre for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Goosby BJ, Straley E, Cheadle JE. Discrimination, Sleep, and Stress Reactivity: Pathways to African American-White Cardiometabolic Risk Inequities. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-017-9439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Avenatti E, Rebellato A, Iannaccone A, Battocchio M, Dassie F, Veglio F, Milan A, Fallo F. Left ventricular geometry and 24-h blood pressure profile in Cushing's syndrome. Endocrine 2017; 55:547-554. [PMID: 27179657 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with cardiovascular disease. The impact of the hemodynamic load on left ventricular mass (LVM) in patients with CS is not well known. In fact, the effects of 24-h blood pressure (BP) load and BP circadian rhythm on cardiac structure and function have not been studied. Aim of the present study has thus been to assess the presence of cardiac remodeling in patients with newly diagnosed CS, combining evaluation of cardiac remodeling and assessment of BP burden derived by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). 25 patients (4 M, 21 F) with CS underwent echocardiography in order to assess cardiac morphology and geometry (relative wall thickness-RWT). As controls, 25 subjects similar for demographic characteristics and 24-h BP were used. CS Patients were similar to controls by age, sex, mean 24-h BP, and body mass index. There was a significant increase in left ventricular mass (LVM; 44.4 ± 14.7 vs. 36.9 ± 10 g/m2.7, p = 0.03) and a significant increase in RWT (0.46 ± 0.07 vs. 0.41 ± 0.08, p = 0.02) in CS patients compared to controls. The prevalence of CS patients with pressure non-dipping profile was greater than that of controls (56 vs. 16 %, p < 0.05), with no significant association with LVM or geometry. 24-h urinary cortisol was not associated with LVM (r = 0.1, p = 0.5) or RWT (r = 0.02, p = 0.89) in the CS group. In conclusion, LVM and the concentric pattern of the left ventricle are relatively independent from 24-h BP load and profile (dipping/non-dipping) in CS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Avenatti
- Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Torino, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Rebellato
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Iannaccone
- Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Torino, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Dassie
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Franco Veglio
- Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Torino, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Milan
- Internal Medicine and Hypertension Division, Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Torino, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fallo
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Sun B, Gou Y, Ma Y, Zheng X, Bai R, Ahmed Abdelmoaty AA, Hu F. Investigate electrochemical immunosensor of cortisol based on gold nanoparticles/magnetic functionalized reduced graphene oxide. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 88:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Yan L, Cao X, Zeng S, Li Z, Lian Z, Wang J, Lv F, Wang Y, Li Y. Associations of proteins relevant to MAPK signaling pathway (p38MAPK-1,HIF-1 and HO-1) with coronary lesion characteristics and prognosis of peri-menopausal women. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:187. [PMID: 27821168 PMCID: PMC5100280 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was intended to explore whether three proteins within MAPK signaling pathway (i.e. p38MAPK-1, HIF-1 and HO-1) were correlated with peri-menopausal women's coronary lesion features and prognosis. METHODS Altogether 1449 peri-menopausal women were divided into non-coronary artery disease (CAD) group (n = 860) and CAD group (n = 589), including 167 pre-menopausal CAD populations and 422 post-menopausal CAD populations. General information about CAD risk parameters were gathered, including age, family history of CAD or hypertension or diabetes mellitus, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and so on. Coronary angiography results were judged, and CAD score was calculated with application of Genisin scoring method. Besides, detection of MAPK-1 levels was implemented with Strept Avidin-Biotin Complex (SABC) method, while HIF-1 and HO-1 expressions in the serum were determined utilizing ELISA detection kit. Correlations among protein expressions, characteristics of coronary lesions and prognosis of CAD populations were finally evaluated. RESULTS Hypertension, hyperlipoidemia, diabetes and smoking history were more prevalent among postmenopausal CAD women than premenopausal CAD women (P < 0.05). Furthermore, postmenopausal women seemed to be significantly associated with multiple (i.e. double and triple) vessel lesions and severe lesion types (type B and C), when compared with premenopausal CAD group (P < 0.05). Similarly, remarkably elevated expressions of p38MAPK-1, HIF-1 and HO-1 were found within postmenopausal CAD populations in comparison to premenopausal ones (P < 0.05). The internal CysC, hs-CRP, TG and LDL-C concentrations all accorded with the following tendency: postmenopausal CAD women > premenopausal CAD women > non-CAD women. Moreover, p38MAPK-1, HIF-1 and HO-1 expressions were up-regulated with increasing number of vessel lesions and severity of coronary lesions among peri-menopausal women. Besides, among both pre-menopausal and post-menopausal CAD groups, positive correlations could be observed between MAPK-1 and TG (r s = 0.271; r s = 0.476), between HIF-1α and LDL-C (r s = 0.077; r s = 0.470), as well as between HO-1 and CysC (r s = 0.492; r s = 0.190) or hs-CRP (r s = 0.569; r s = 0.542) (all P < 0.05). MAPK-1, HIF-1α and HO-1 were also, respectively, positively correlated with CysC (r s = 0.415), hs-CRP (r s = 0.137), and TG (r s = 0.142), regarding post-menopausal CAD women (all P < 0.05). Finally, only SBP and TG were regarded as independent risk factors for CAD prognosis (i.e. high Genisin score) among premenopausal women (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.18, P = 0.043; OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.01-3.33, P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Expressions of p38MAPK-1, HIF-1 and HO-1 could serve as predictive roles for coronary lesions among peri-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiu Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, 061001, China
| | - Xufen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, 061001, China.
| | - Saitian Zeng
- Department of Gynecology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, 061001, China
| | - Zheng Lian
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, 061001, China
| | - Jiawang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, 061001, China
| | - Fengfeng Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, 061001, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, 061001, China
| | - Yanshen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, 061001, China
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Qin F, Sun Y, Hu W, Wei X, Li Z, Zhou J, Zhao Z, Jing Z. The relationship between preoperative serum cortisol level and the stability of plaque in carotid artery stenosis patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:1611-7. [PMID: 27499949 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.06.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stability of plaque has been implicated as risk factor for stroke. Serum cortisol regulates lipoprotein metabolism and immune response, contributing to plaque stability in atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between serum cortisol and stability of carotid plaque has not been well characterized. We conducted a serology analysis to identify the relationship between serum cortisol and carotid plaque stability. METHODS Between May 2013 to October 2015, 73 patients with carotid stenosis patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) were enrolled in our study. Serum cortisol was analyzed at 8:00 AM in the morning before surgery via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. According to the classification made by the American Heart Association, hematoxylin-and-eosin staining was performed to divide these patients into either a stable or unstable group, according to the morphology of fibrous cap, lipid core and intima layer. A curve fitting method was used to identify the relationship between preoperative serum cortisol and stability of carotid plaque. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify carotid plaque stability-associated serum cortisol. RESULTS Curve fitting's result represents a U-shape characteristic. A total of 314.92 and 395.23 nmol/L were considered as the cut point for preoperative serum cortisol when trisected the patients. When adjusted for degree of stenosis, hyperlipemia, smoking and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis' results demonstrated that preoperative serum cortisol can significantly affect carotid plaque stability. The odds ratio values in multivariate logistic regression analysis for C reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and preoperative serum cortisol level were 7.67 and 20.86 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative serum cortisol was associated with stability of carotid plaque in patients undergoing CEA. Low or high levels of preoperative serum cortisol might be an adverse factor for carotid plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yudong Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaolong Wei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zaiping Jing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Walker A, McKune A, Ferguson S, Pyne DB, Rattray B. Chronic occupational exposures can influence the rate of PTSD and depressive disorders in first responders and military personnel. EXTREME PHYSIOLOGY & MEDICINE 2016; 5:8. [PMID: 27429749 PMCID: PMC4947320 DOI: 10.1186/s13728-016-0049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND First responders and military personnel experience rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) far in excess of the general population. Although exposure to acute traumatic events plays a role in the genesis of these disorders, in this review, we present an argument that the occupational and environmental conditions where these workers operate are also likely contributors. PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS First responders and military personnel face occupational exposures that have been associated with altered immune and inflammatory activity. In turn, these physiological responses are linked to altered moods and feelings of well-being which may provide priming conditions that compromise individual resilience, and increase the risk of PTSD and depression when subsequently exposed to acute traumatic events. These exposures include heat, smoke, and sleep restriction, and physical injury often alongside heavy physical exertion. Provided the stimulus is sufficient, these exposures have been linked to inflammatory activity and modification of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA), offering a mechanism for the high rates of PTSD and depressive disorders in these occupations. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS To test this hypothesis in the future, a case-control approach is suggested that compares individuals with PTSD or depressive disorders with healthy colleagues in a retrospective framework. This approach should characterise the relationships between altered immune and inflammatory activity and health outcomes. Wearable technology, surveys, and formal experimentation in the field will add useful data to these investigations. IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS Inflammatory changes, linked with occupational exposures in first responders and military personnel, would highlight the need for a risk management approach to work places. Risk management strategies could focus on reducing exposure, ensuring recovery, and increasing resilience to these risk contributors to minimise the rates of PTSD and depressive disorders in vulnerable occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Walker
- />University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- />Australian Capital Territory Fire & Rescue, Canberra, Australia
| | - Andrew McKune
- />University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- />Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sally Ferguson
- />Appleton Institute, School of Human Health and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David B. Pyne
- />Australian Capital Territory Fire & Rescue, Canberra, Australia
- />Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ben Rattray
- />Australian Capital Territory Fire & Rescue, Canberra, Australia
- />Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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Waller C, Bauersachs J, Hoppmann U, Höch J, Krause S, Szabo F, Engler H, Rottler E, Herrmann-Lingen C, Gündel H. Blunted Cortisol Stress Response and Depression-Induced Hypocortisolism Is Related to Inflammation in Patients With CAD. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67:1124-1126. [PMID: 26940935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Laurent HK, Lucas T, Pierce J, Goetz S, Granger DA. Coordination of cortisol response to social evaluative threat with autonomic and inflammatory responses is moderated by stress appraisals and affect. Biol Psychol 2016; 118:17-24. [PMID: 27155141 PMCID: PMC4956552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent approaches to stress regulation have emphasized coordination among multiple biological systems. This study builds on evidence that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity should be considered in coordination with other stress-sensitive biological systems to characterize healthy responses. Healthy African-Americans (n=115) completed the Trier Social Stress Test, and biological responses were assessed through salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), alpha amylase (sAA), and C-reactive protein (sCRP). Multilevel modeling demonstrated that cortisol responses typically aligned with changes in DHEA-S, sAA, and sCRP across the session. At the same time, the degree of cortisol coordination with sAA and sCRP varied by participants' subjective stress following the task; participants with higher secondary stress appraisals showed greater cortisol-sAA alignment, whereas those experiencing more negative affect showed greater cortisol-sCRP alignment. Results highlight the importance of a multisystem approach to stress and suggest that positive HPA axis coordination with the autonomic response, but not with the immune/inflammatory response, may be adaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidemarie K Laurent
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, United States; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, Arizona State University, United States.
| | - Todd Lucas
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, United States; Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, United States.
| | - Jennifer Pierce
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, United States; Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, United States
| | - Stefan Goetz
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, United States; Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, United States
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, Arizona State University, United States; Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, United States; Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States; Salivary Bioscience Laboratory and Department of Psychology, University of Nebrask, United States
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Ojike N, Sowers JR, Seixas A, Ravenell J, Rodriguez-Figueroa G, Awadallah M, Zizi F, Jean-Louis G, Ogedegbe O, McFarlane SI. Psychological Distress and Hypertension: Results from the National Health Interview Survey for 2004-2013. Cardiorenal Med 2016; 6:198-208. [PMID: 27275156 DOI: 10.1159/000443933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Psychological conditions are increasingly linked with cardiovascular disorders. We aimed to examine the association between psychological distress and hypertension. METHODS We used data from the National Health Interview Survey for 2004-2013. Hypertension was self-reported and the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was used to assess psychological distress (a score ≥13 indicated distress). We used a logistic regression model to test the assumption that hypertension was associated with psychological distress. RESULTS Among the study participants completing the survey (n = 288,784), 51% were female; the overall mean age (±SEM) was 35.3 ± 0.02 years and the mean body mass index was 27.5 ± 0.01. In the entire sample, the prevalence of psychological distress was 3.2%. The adjusted odds of reporting hypertension in psychologically distressed individuals was 1.53 (95% CI = 1.31-1.80, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that psychological distress is associated with higher odds of hypertension after adjusting for other risk factors for high blood pressure. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to elucidate the mechanisms by which stress increases hypertension risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nwakile Ojike
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change (CHBC), Division of Health and Behavior, Department of Population Health, New York University Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo., USA
| | - Azizi Seixas
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change (CHBC), Division of Health and Behavior, Department of Population Health, New York University Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA
| | - Joseph Ravenell
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change (CHBC), Division of Health and Behavior, Department of Population Health, New York University Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA
| | - G Rodriguez-Figueroa
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate/Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, N.Y., USA
| | - M Awadallah
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate/Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, N.Y., USA
| | - F Zizi
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change (CHBC), Division of Health and Behavior, Department of Population Health, New York University Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA
| | - Girardin Jean-Louis
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change (CHBC), Division of Health and Behavior, Department of Population Health, New York University Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA
| | - Olugbenga Ogedegbe
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change (CHBC), Division of Health and Behavior, Department of Population Health, New York University Medical Center, New York, N.Y., USA
| | - Samy I McFarlane
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate/Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, N.Y., USA
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Oaks BM, Laugero KD, Stewart CP, Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Ashorn P, Vosti SA, Dewey KG. Late-Pregnancy Salivary Cortisol Concentrations of Ghanaian Women Participating in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Prenatal Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements. J Nutr 2016; 146:343-52. [PMID: 26764321 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.219576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High circulating cortisol is associated with miscarriage, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Research in nonpregnant individuals suggests that improved nutrition may lower cortisol concentrations. It is unknown whether nutritional supplementation during pregnancy lowers cortisol. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether women receiving a lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) throughout pregnancy would have lower salivary cortisol at 36 wk gestation compared with women receiving other nutrient supplements. METHODS We conducted a randomized controlled trial in 1320 pregnant Ghanaian women at ≤20 wk gestation who were assigned to receive daily throughout pregnancy: 1) 60 mg iron + 400 μg folic acid (IFA), 2) multiple micronutrients (MMNs), or 3) 20 g LNS (containing 118 kcal, 22 micronutrients, and protein). Morning salivary cortisol was collected from a subsample at baseline and at 28 and 36 wk gestation. RESULTS A total of 758 women had cortisol measurements at 28 or 36 wk gestation. Salivary cortisol at 36 wk gestation did not differ between groups and was (mean ± SE) 7.97 ± 0.199 in the IFA group, 7.84 ± 0.191 in the MMN group, and 7.77 ± 0.199 nmol/L in the LNS group, when adjusted for baseline cortisol, time of waking, and time between waking and saliva collection (P = 0.67). There was an interaction between supplementation group and women's age (continuous variable, P-interaction = 0.03); and when age was dichotomized by the median, significant differences in salivary cortisol concentrations between groups were seen in women ≤26 y of age (IFA = 8.23 ± 0.284 nmol/L, MMN = 8.20 ± 0.274 nmol/L, and LNS = 7.44 ± 0.284 nmol/L; P = 0.03) but not in women >26 y old (IFA = 7.71 ± 0.281 nmol/L, MMN = 7.50 ± 0.274 nmol/L, and LNS = 8.08 ± 0.281 nmol/L; P = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that supplementation with LNSs or MMNs during pregnancy did not affect the cortisol concentration in the study population as a whole, in comparison with IFA, but that LNS consumption among younger women may lead to lower cortisol at 36 wk gestation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00970866.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Seth Adu-Afarwuah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Anna Lartey
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Per Ashorn
- Department for International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland; and Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stephen A Vosti
- Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
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Wolkow A, Aisbett B, Reynolds J, Ferguson SA, Main LC. Relationships between inflammatory cytokine and cortisol responses in firefighters exposed to simulated wildfire suppression work and sleep restriction. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12604. [PMID: 26603450 PMCID: PMC4673634 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between inflammatory and cortisol responses modulates an appropriate response to a stressor. Exposure to severe stressors, however, may alter the actions and relationships of these responses and contribute to negative health outcomes. Physical work and sleep restriction are two stressors faced by wildland firefighters, yet their influence on the relationship between inflammatory and cortisol responses is unknown. The aim of the present study was to quantify the relationship between the cytokine and cortisol responses to sleep restriction while performing simulated physical wildfire suppression work. Firefighters completed 3 days of simulated physical firefighting work separated by either an 8-h (Control condition; n = 18) or 4-h sleep (Sleep restriction condition; n = 17) opportunity on each of the two nights. Salivary cortisol and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10) were measured throughout each day. An increase in morning IL-6 was related to a rise (6.2%, P = 0.043) in evening cortisol among firefighters in the sleep restriction condition. Higher morning IL-6 levels were related to increased (5.3%, P = 0.048) daily cortisol levels, but this relationship was not different between conditions. Less pronounced relationships were demonstrated between TNF-α, IL-10, IL-4, and cortisol independent of the sleep opportunity, but relationships did not persist after adjusting for demographic factors and other cytokines. These findings quantify the relationship between cytokine and cortisol responses among wildland firefighters exposed to simulated occupational stressors. Potential disturbances to the IL-6 and cortisol relationship among sleep-restricted firefighters’ supports further investigations into the negative health effects related to possible imbalances between these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wolkow
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia Bushfire Co-Operative Research Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brad Aisbett
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia Bushfire Co-Operative Research Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Reynolds
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Bushfire Co-Operative Research Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, Wayville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luana C Main
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Ota A, Yatsuya H, Mase J, Ono Y. Psychological job strain, social support at work and daytime secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in healthy female employees: cross-sectional analyses. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15844. [PMID: 26552586 PMCID: PMC4639848 DOI: 10.1038/srep15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is limited concerning the influences of high psychological job strain and low social support at work on daytime secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which demonstrates anti-cortisol effects. We carried out a cross-sectional study to examine the associations of job strain and social support with daytime secretion amounts of DHEA and cortisol and daytime variation of the cortisol-to-DHEA ratio (C/D ratio) in healthy female workers. Study subjects comprised 115 healthy female nursery school teachers. Area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCG) of salivary DHEA, cortisol and C/D ratio was calculated for estimation of daytime secretion and variation. Social support scores were negatively associated with daytime DHEA secretion (standardized partial regression coefficient = -0.343, P < 0.001 by multiple linear regression analysis). This association remained significant when daytime cortisol secretion was additionally adjusted. Social support was not associated with daytime variation of the C/D ratio. Significant association between social support and daytime cortisol secretion was not confirmed. Job strain was not associated with DHEA, cortisol or the C/D ratio. In summary, we found that daytime DHEA secretion was increased in healthy workers with low social support, perhaps independent of daytime cortisol secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Ota
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Junji Mase
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
- Division of Dentistry, Aichi Cancer Centre Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ono
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Granville Smith I, Parker G, Rourke P, Cvejic E, Vollmer-Conna U. Acute coronary syndrome and depression: A review of shared pathophysiological pathways. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2015. [PMID: 26219293 DOI: 10.1177/0004867415597304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence for shared pathophysiological pathways in acute coronary syndrome and major depression and to conceptualise the dynamic interplay of biological systems and signalling pathways that link acute coronary syndrome and depression within a framework of neuro-visceral integration. METHODS Relevant articles were sourced via a search of published literature from MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed using a variety of search terms relating to biological connections between acute coronary syndrome and depression. Additional articles from bibliographies of retrieved papers were assessed and included where relevant. RESULTS Despite considerable research efforts, a clear understanding of the biological processes connecting acute coronary syndrome and depression has not been achieved. Shared abnormalities are evident across the immune, platelet/endothelial and autonomic/stress-response systems. From the available evidence, it seems unlikely that a single explanatory model could account for the complex interactions of biological pathways driving the pathophysiology of these disorders and their comorbidity. CONCLUSION A broader conceptual framework of mind-body or neuro-visceral integration that can incorporate the existence of several causative scenarios may be more useful in directing future research and treatment approaches for acute coronary syndrome-associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Granville Smith
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gordon Parker
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Poppy Rourke
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Cvejic
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Uté Vollmer-Conna
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Pachankis JE. A transdiagnostic minority stress treatment approach for gay and bisexual men's syndemic health conditions. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2015; 44:1843-60. [PMID: 26123065 PMCID: PMC4560958 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing and deploying separate treatments for separate conditions seems ill-suited to intervening upon the co-occurring, and possibly functionally similar, psychosocial conditions facing gay and bisexual men. This article argues for the need to create transdiagnostic interventions that reduce multiple syndemic conditions facing gay and bisexual men at the level of their shared source in minority stress pathways. This article first reviews psychosocial syndemic conditions affecting gay and bisexual men, then suggests pathways that might link minority stress to psychosocial syndemics based on recent advancements in emotion science, psychiatric nosology, and cognitive-affective neuroscience, and finally suggests cross-cutting psychosocial treatment principles to reduce minority stress-syndemic pathways among gay and bisexual men. Because minority stress serves as a common basis of all psychosocial syndemic conditions reviewed here, locating the pathways through which minority stress generates psychosocial syndemics and employing overarching treatment principles capable of simultaneously alleviating these pathways will ultimately create a transdiagnostic approach to improving gay and bisexual men's health. Clinical research and training approaches are suggested to further validate the pathways suggested here, establish the efficacy of treatment approaches tied to those pathways, and generate effective methods for disseminating a transdiagnostic minority stress treatment approach for gay and bisexual men's psychosocial syndemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Pachankis
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Division, Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, Suite 316, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA,
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Ronaldson A, Kidd T, Poole L, Leigh E, Jahangiri M, Steptoe A. Diurnal Cortisol Rhythm Is Associated With Adverse Cardiac Events and Mortality in Coronary Artery Bypass Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:3676-82. [PMID: 26305622 PMCID: PMC4889728 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is growing evidence that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis plays a role in the progression of cardiovascular disease. We examined the relationship between diurnal cortisol rhythm and adverse events in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. We hypothesized that a flatter presurgical diurnal cortisol slope would be associated with higher rates of adverse cardiac events and death in the years following the CABG procedure. METHODS Repeated measures of saliva were taken over the day from 250 CABG patients 1 month before surgery to assess diurnal cortisol slope and overall output (area under the curve). Long-term clinical outcomes were occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and death, and were collected up to 2.68 (SD = 0.40) years after surgery. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine relationships between presurgical cortisol and clinical outcomes. EuroSCORE, chronic illness burden, and whether or not the patient had undergone cardiopulmonary bypass were included as covariates in the models. RESULTS Diurnal cortisol slope predicted the occurrence of MACE or death after surgery (hazard ratio = 0.73; 95% confidence interval = 0.56-0.96; P = .023). Patients with a steeper slope were at reduced risk of adverse outcomes. This association was driven by changes in both waking and evening cortisol levels. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence for a link between diurnal cortisol rhythm and recovery after CABG. Measuring diurnal cortisol slope before surgery may help to identify those patients at risk of adverse outcomes in the years after the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ronaldson
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.R., T.K., L.P., E.L., A.S.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.J.), St. George's Hospital, University of London, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Kidd
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.R., T.K., L.P., E.L., A.S.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.J.), St. George's Hospital, University of London, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Poole
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.R., T.K., L.P., E.L., A.S.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.J.), St. George's Hospital, University of London, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Leigh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.R., T.K., L.P., E.L., A.S.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.J.), St. George's Hospital, University of London, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Marjan Jahangiri
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.R., T.K., L.P., E.L., A.S.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.J.), St. George's Hospital, University of London, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (A.R., T.K., L.P., E.L., A.S.), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.J.), St. George's Hospital, University of London, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
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