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Zalzal J, Liu Y, Smargiassi A, Hatzopoulou M. Improving residential wood burning emission inventories with the integration of readily available data sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174226. [PMID: 38917904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Residential wood burning (RWB) is the largest anthropogenic source of PM2.5 in many North American and European cities in the winter. The current lack of information on the locations, types, and intensity of use of wood burning appliances limits the ability to accurately assess the exposure of the population to RWB emissions. In this study, we generated a high spatial resolution emission inventory for RWB in the province of Quebec, Canada using a novel data driven approach. The method first combines real estate and socioeconomic census data through machine learning models to estimate ownership rates of fireplaces and wood stoves. These ownership rates are then combined with household survey data (on wood consumption and types of appliances), emission factors and building registry data to generate the emission inventory at a 1Km2 resolution. Our proposed approach was able to capture spatial patterns in RWB appliance ownership and intensity of use, which may be overlooked by using simple urban vs rural or population based spatial proxies. The machine learning models explained 80.3 % and 63 % of the variability in wood stove and fireplace ownership rates with each appliance type exhibiting different spatial trends. Wood stoves were common in rural areas and among lower income households, whereas fireplaces were more common in urban areas. Additionally, we observed large spatial and regional variability in emissions per residence due to differences in wood consumption, appliance ownership rates, and appliance mixes (e.g. conventional vs certified). Our results suggest that using simple spatial proxies based on population, urbanization levels or residence type are not enough to explain the spatial distribution of RWB emissions as they might overlook other factors such as socioeconomic factors or regional heating preferences. Finally, our spatially distributed emissions were strongly correlated (r = 0.86) with the increase in PM2.5 concentrations during peak-RWB hours on winter weekends at 42 reference stations across the province of Quebec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Zalzal
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON M5S1A4, Canada.
| | - Ying Liu
- Université de Montréal, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Audrey Smargiassi
- Université de Montréal, Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Marianne Hatzopoulou
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON M5S1A4, Canada.
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2
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Piper R, Tremper A, Katsouyanni K, Fuller GW, Green D, Font A, Walton H, Rivas I, Evangelopoulos D. Associations between short-term exposure to airborne carbonaceous particles and mortality: A time-series study in London during 2010-2019. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 360:124720. [PMID: 39142429 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been identified as a major global health concern; however, the importance of specific chemical PM components remains uncertain. Recent studies have suggested that carbonaceous aerosols are important detrimental components of the particle mixture. Using time-series methods, we investigated associations between short-term exposure to carbonaceous particles and mortality in London, UK. Daily counts of non-accidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular deaths were obtained between 2010 and 2019. For the same period, daily concentrations of carbonaceous particles: organic (OC), elemental (EC), wood-burning (WC), total carbon (TC) and equivalent black carbon (eBC) were sourced from two centrally located monitoring sites (one urban-traffic and one urban-background). Generalized additive models were used to estimate the percentage change in mortality risk associated with interquartile range increases in particulate concentrations. Lagged effects up to 3 days were examined. Stratified analyses were conducted by age, sex, and season, separate analyses were also performed by site-type. For non-accidental mortality, positive associations were observed for all particle species at lag1, including statistically significant percentage risk changes in WC (0.51% (95%CI: 0.19%, 0.82%) per IQR (0.68 μg/m3)) and OC (0.45% (95%CI: 0.04%, 0.87% per IQR (2.36 μg/m3)). For respiratory deaths, associations were greatest for particulate concentrations averaged over the current and previous 3 days, with increases in risk of 1.70% (95%CI: 0.64%, 2.77%) for WC and 1.31% (95%CI: -0.08%, 2.71%) for OC. No associations were found with cardiovascular mortality. Results were robust to adjustment for particle mass concentrations. Stratified analyses suggested particulate effects were greatest in the summer and respiratory associations more pronounced in females. Our findings are supportive of an association between carbonaceous particles and non-accidental and respiratory mortality. The strongest evidence of an effect was for WC; this is of significance given the rising popularity of wood-burning for residential space heating and energy production across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Piper
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Anja Tremper
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London, UK; Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gary W Fuller
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - David Green
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Anna Font
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Energy and Environment (CERI EE), 59000, Lille, France
| | - Heather Walton
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ioar Rivas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dimitris Evangelopoulos
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College, London, UK.
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3
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Nyma Z, Hasan SMT, Saqeeb KN, Khan MA, Ahmed T. Effects of maternal exposure to biomass cooking fuel on birth size and body proportionality in full-term infants born by vaginal delivery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18218. [PMID: 39107379 PMCID: PMC11303780 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear whether and how maternal exposure to biomass fuel influences infant anthropometry or body proportionality at birth, which are linked to their survival, physical growth, and neurodevelopment. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the association between household-level exposure to biomass cooking fuels and infant size and body proportionality at birth among women in rural Bangladesh. A total of 909 women were derived from the Pregnancy Weight Gain study, which was conducted in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh. Infant's weight (g), length (cm), head circumference (cm), small for gestational age (SGAW), short for gestational age (SGAL), low head circumference for gestational age (SGAHC), ponderal index, and cephalization index at birth were the outcomes studied. Of the women, 721 (79.3%) were dependent on biomass fuel. Compared to infants born to mothers who used gas for cooking, those born to biomass users had lower weight (β - 94.3, CI - 155.9, - 32.6), length (β - 0.36, 95% CI - 0.68, - 0.04), head circumference (β - 0.24, CI - 0.47, - 0.02) and higher cephalization index (β 0.03, CI 0.01, 0.05) at birth. Maternal biomass exposure is more likely to lead to symmetric SGA, although there is evidence for some brain-sparing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zannatun Nyma
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowacho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - S M Tafsir Hasan
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Kazi Nazmus Saqeeb
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Alfazal Khan
- Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
- Office of Executive Director, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
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4
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Rebryk A, Kozyatnyk I, Njenga M. Emission of volatile organic compounds during open fire cooking with wood biomass: Traditional three-stone open fire vs. gasifier cooking stove in rural Kenya. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173183. [PMID: 38777046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cooking with wood biomass fuels releases hazardous air pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), that often disproportionally affect women and children. This study, conducted in Kwale and Siaya counties in Kenya, employed thermal desorption gas chromatography - mass spectrometry to analyse VOC emissions from cooking with a wood biomass three-stone open fire vs. top-lit updraft gasifier stove. In kitchens with adequate ventilation, total VOC levels increased from 35-252 μg∙m-3 before cooking to 2235-5371 μg∙m-3 during open fire cooking, whereas use of a gasifier stove resulted in reduced emissions from cooking by 48-77 % (506-2778 μg∙m-3). However, in kitchens with poor ventilation, there was only a moderate difference in total VOC levels between the two methods of cooking (9034-9378 μg∙m-3 vs. 6727-8201 μg∙m-3 for the three-stone open fire vs. gasifier stove, respectively). Using a non-target screening approach revealed significantly increased levels of VOCs, particularly benzenoids, oxygenated and heterocyclic compounds, when cooking with the traditional open fire, especially in closed kitchens, highlighting the effects of poor ventilation. Key hazardous VOCs included benzene, naphthalene, phenols and furans, suggesting potential health risks from cooking. In kitchens with good ventilation, use of the gasifier stove markedly reduced emissions of these priority toxic VOCs compared to cooking with an open fire. Thus, substituting open fires with gasifier stoves could help to improve household air quality and alleviate health risks. The study revealed that VOCs were present prior to cooking, possibly originating from previously cooked food (buildup) or the outside environment. VOC emissions were also exacerbated by reduced air flow in high humidity during rainfall, suggesting an area for further research. The findings underscore the importance of adopting cleaner cooking technologies and enhancing kitchen ventilation to mitigate the impacts of VOCs in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Rebryk
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre (KBC), Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 6, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ivan Kozyatnyk
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Mary Njenga
- Centre for International Forestry Research-World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), 30677-00100 Nairobi, Kenya; Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 2905-0065, Nairobi, Kenya
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5
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Adarkwa SA, Oduro MS, Morgan AK, Arhin-Donkor S. Association between exposure to smoke from cooking fuels and anaemia among women of reproductive age in Ghana. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15664. [PMID: 38977757 PMCID: PMC11231134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries, indoor air pollution (IAP) is a serious public health concern, especially for women and children who cook with solid fuels. IAP exposure has been linked to a number of medical conditions, including pneumonia, ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and anaemia. Around 500 million women of reproductive age (WRA) suffer from anaemia globally, with an estimated 190 million cases in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study, which is based on prior research, investigates the relationship between IAP exposure and anaemia among WRA in Ghana. A diverse sample of 2,406 WRA living in Ghana were interviewed, of which 58.06% were anaemic and used high-pollutant fuels for cooking. Age, place of residence, region, education level, religion, ethnicity, wealth index, type of drinking water, type of toilet facility, and type of cooking fuels were all found to be significantly linked with anaemic state by bivariate analysis. Type of cooking fuels utilized, age, region of residence, and the type of residence were shown to be significant predictors of anaemia status using sequential binary logit regression models. The results emphasise the critical need for efforts to promote the usage of clean cooking fuel in an attempt to lower anaemia prevalence in Ghana. To reduce dependency on solid fuels for cooking, initiatives should promote the use of cleaner cooking fuels and enhance the socioeconomic status of households. These interventions could have significant public health effects by reducing the burden of anaemia and improving maternal and child health outcomes due to the prevalence of anaemia among WRA. Overall, this study sheds light on the relationship between IAP exposure and anaemia in Ghana and highlights the demand for focused public health initiatives to address this serious health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Safo Oduro
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pharm Sci and PGS Statistics, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Anthony Kwame Morgan
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Seth Arhin-Donkor
- Humana Inc., Market Finance Analysis - Sr - Prd - Regional, Louisville, KY, 4020, USA
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6
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Gili J, Viana M, Hopke PK. Application of quasi-empirical orthogonal functions to estimate wildfire impacts in northwestern Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:172747. [PMID: 38677434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Galicia (NW Spain) is one of the most fire-prone regions in Southern Europe. In the summer of 2022, a total of thirteen wildfires each exceeding 500 ha were reported in this area, with ten of these large fires occurring in the Ourense region. To study the impacts of wildfire smoke plumes on ambient air PM2.5 concentrations, a network of 18 PurpleAir monitors was deployed across the Galicia region during July and August 2022. The PM2.5 concentration data were then used as input to test the applicability of quasi-empirical orthogonal functions (QEOFs obtained with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)) to characterize the spatial variability of wildfire smoke impacts on air quality. HYSPLIT back-trajectory analysis and Concentration-Weighted Trajectory (CWT) models were implemented, and the results from these tools were combined with source contributions. As a result, 19 wildfires were identified and linked with peak ambient PM2.5 concentrations (>300 μg/m3 of PM2.5; 1-h mean). Specifically, the Folgoso do Courel fire emerged as a significant contributor to these high concentrations and played an important role in influencing a significant number of the identified factors. Moreover, the results also suggested that emissions from fires in Portugal reached the study area, contributing additional impacts on air quality. These results demonstrated that this approach was useful in identifying the emission source areas contributing to observed PM2.5 concentrations during wildfire events. The PM2.5 concentration maps resulting from the CWT analysis were also valuable in understanding the short- and long-term exposures to PM2.5 from wildfire smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordina Gili
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Spanish Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; PhD program of Analytical Chemistry and Environment, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mar Viana
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research - Spanish Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philip K Hopke
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
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7
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Matz J, Gonzalez MP, Niedbalski P, Kim H, Chen Y, Sebastiani P, Gollner MJ, Bellini C, Oakes JM. Assessment of Left Lung Remodeling With Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Murine Model Following Exposure to Douglas Fir Smoke. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:071010. [PMID: 38581378 PMCID: PMC11080952 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) experience lung function decline due to occupational exposure to fire smoke. WLFFs typically do not wear respiratory personal protective equipment, and if they do, it is a simple bandana, which is not effective at filtering smoke. To pinpoint the biological underpinnings of abnormal respiratory function following 3-7 years of WLFF service, we exposed mice to Douglas fir smoke (DFS) over 8 weeks. Following exposure, we assessed changes in lung structure through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and histological analysis, which was supported by immunohistochemistry staining. With MRI, we found that the signal decay time, T2*, from ultrashort echo time (UTE) images was significantly shorter in mice exposed to DFS compared to air controls. In addition, the variation in T2* was more heterogeneously distributed throughout the left lung in DFS-exposed mice, compared to air controls. As confirmed by histological analysis, shorter T2* was caused by larger parenchyma airspace sizes and not fibrotic remodeling. Destruction of the alveolar spaces was likely due to inflammation, as measured by an influx of CD68+ macrophages and destruction due to enhanced neutrophil elastase. In addition, measurements of airspace dimensions from histology were more heterogeneously distributed throughout the lung, corroborating the enhanced relative dispersion of T2*. Findings from this study suggest that the decline in lung function observed in WLFFs may be due to emphysema-like changes in the lung, which can be quantified with MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Matz
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
- Northeastern University
| | | | - Peter Niedbalski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115
- University of Kansas
| | - Hannah Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
- Northeastern University
| | - Ye Chen
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115
- Tufts Medical Center
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (ICRHPS), Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
- Tufts Medical Center
| | - Michael J. Gollner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- University of California, Berkeley
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jessica M. Oakes
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
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8
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Uttajug A, Seposo X, Phosri A, Phung VLH, Tajudin MAA, Ueda K. Effects of Coexposure to Air Pollution from Vegetation Fires and Extreme Heat on Mortality in Upper Northern Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9945-9953. [PMID: 38806168 PMCID: PMC11171450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Background: understanding the effects of coexposure to compound extreme events, such as air pollution and extreme heat, is important for reducing current and future health burdens. This study investigated the independent and synergistic effects of exposure to air pollution from vegetation fires and extreme heat on all-cause mortality in Upper Northern Thailand. Methods: we used a time-stratified case-crossover study design with a conditional quasi-Poisson model to examine the association between mortality and coexposure to air pollution due to vegetation fire events (fire-PM2.5) and extreme heat. Extreme heat days were defined using the 90th and 99th percentile thresholds for daily maximum temperature. Results: we observed a significant positive excess risk of mortality due to independent exposure to fire-PM2.5 and extreme heat, but not an interactive effect. All-cause mortality risk increased by 0.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1, 1.8) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in fire-PM2.5 on the same day and by 12.8% (95% CI: 10.5, 15.1) on extreme heat days (90th percentile) relative to nonextreme heat days. Conclusion: this study showed that exposure to PM2.5 from vegetation fires and extreme heat independently increased all-cause mortality risk in UNT. However, there was no evidence of a synergistic effect of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athicha Uttajug
- Department
of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Xerxes Seposo
- Department
of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Arthit Phosri
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public HealthBangkok, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Vera Ling Hui Phung
- Department
of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Kayo Ueda
- Department
of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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9
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Campbell D, Johnson M, Piedrahita R, Pillarisetti A, Waller LA, Kearns KA, Kremer J, Mollinedo E, Sarnat JA, Clark ML, Underhill LJ, McCracken JP, Diaz-Artiga A, Steenland K, Rosa G, Kirby MA, Balakrishnan K, Sambandam S, Mukhopadhyay K, Sendhil S, Natarajan A, Ndagijimana F, Dusabimana E, Thompson LM, Checkley W, Nicolaou L, Hartinger S, Peel JL, Clasen TF, Naeher LP. Factors Determining Black Carbon Exposures among Pregnant Women Enrolled in the HAPIN Trial. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10162-10174. [PMID: 38810212 PMCID: PMC11171448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Residential biomass burning is an important source of black carbon (BC) exposure among rural communities in low- and middle-income countries. We collected 7165 personal BC samples and individual/household level information from 3103 pregnant women enrolled in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network trial. Women in the intervention arm received free liquefied petroleum gas stoves and fuel throughout pregnancy; women in the control arm continued the use of biomass stoves. Median (IQR) postintervention BC exposures were 9.6 μg/m3 (5.2-14.0) for controls and 2.8 μg/m3 (1.6-4.8) for the intervention group. Using mixed models, we characterized predictors of BC exposure and assessed how exposure contrasts differed between arms by select predictors. Primary stove type was the strongest predictor (R2 = 0.42); the models including kerosene use, kitchen location, education, occupation, or stove use hours also provided additional explanatory power from the base model adjusted only for the study site. Our full, trial-wide, model explained 48% of the variation in BC exposures. We found evidence that the BC exposure contrast between arms differed by study site, adherence to the assigned study stove, and whether the participant cooked. Our findings highlight factors that may be addressed before and during studies to implement more impactful cookstove intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan
A. Campbell
- University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Benchmark
Risk Group, Chicago, Illinois 60601, United States
| | - Michael Johnson
- Berkeley
Air Monitoring Group, Berkeley, California 94701, United States
| | - Ricardo Piedrahita
- Berkeley
Air Monitoring Group, Berkeley, California 94701, United States
| | - Ajay Pillarisetti
- Environmental
Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lance A. Waller
- Department
of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 80521, United States
| | - Katherine A. Kearns
- University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Berkeley
Air Monitoring Group, Berkeley, California 94701, United States
| | - Jacob Kremer
- University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | | | - Jeremy A. Sarnat
- Department
of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 80521, United States
| | - Maggie L. Clark
- Department
of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Lindsay J. Underhill
- Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - John P. McCracken
- University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Center
for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle
de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala 01015, United States
| | - Anaité Diaz-Artiga
- Center
for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle
de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala 01015, United States
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins
School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ghislaine Rosa
- Department
of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University
of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GF, U.K.
| | - Miles A. Kirby
- Department
of Global Health and Population, Harvard
T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air quality, Climate
and Health,
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600001, India
| | - Sankar Sambandam
- ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air quality, Climate
and Health,
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600001, India
| | - Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay
- ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air quality, Climate
and Health,
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600001, India
| | - Saritha Sendhil
- ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air quality, Climate
and Health,
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600001, India
| | - Amudha Natarajan
- ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air quality, Climate
and Health,
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600001, India
| | | | | | - Lisa M. Thompson
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins
School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - William Checkley
- Center for
Global Non-Communicable Diseases, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Division
of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Laura Nicolaou
- Center for
Global Non-Communicable Diseases, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Division
of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Stella Hartinger
- Center for
Global Non-Communicable Diseases, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Division
of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Peel
- Department
of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Thomas F. Clasen
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins
School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Luke P. Naeher
- University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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10
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Vicente ED, Figueiredo D, Alves C. Toxicity of particulate emissions from residential biomass combustion: An overview of in vitro studies using cell models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171999. [PMID: 38554951 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
This article aims to critically review the current state of knowledge on in vitro toxicological assessments of particulate emissions from residential biomass heating systems. The review covers various aspects of particulate matter (PM) toxicity, including oxidative stress, inflammation, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity, all of which have important implications for understanding the development of diseases. Studies in this field have highlighted the different mechanisms that biomass combustion particles activate, which vary depending on the combustion appliances and fuels. In general, particles from conventional combustion appliances are more potent in inducing cytotoxicity, DNA damage, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress than those from modern appliances. The sensitivity of different cell lines to the toxic effects of biomass combustion particles is also influenced by cell type and culture conditions. One of the main challenges in this field is the considerable variation in sampling strategies, sample processing, experimental conditions, assays, and extraction techniques used in biomass burning PM studies. Advanced culture systems, such as co-cultures and air-liquid interface exposures, can provide more accurate insights into the effects of biomass combustion particles compared to simpler submerged monocultures. This review provides critical insights into the complex field of toxicity from residential biomass combustion emissions, underscoring the importance of continued research and standardisation of methodologies to better understand the associated health hazards and to inform targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Vicente
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - D Figueiredo
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C Alves
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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11
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Chen D, Wei H, Zhang Y, Yang X, Xu Y, Guan Q, Zhang M, Hang B, Xia Y. Effects of indoor air pollution from household solid fuel use on the risk of gastrointestinal and liver diseases in middle aged and elderly adults. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 188:108738. [PMID: 38749122 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Solid fuels are widely used in China and increase the concentrations of indoor air pollutants. Nevertheless, there is limited longitudinal evidence linking solid fuel use and Gastrointestinal (GI) and liver diseases. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the association between household solid fuel use and the risk of GI and liver diseases in middle aged and elderly adults. This work was based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Longitudinal data incorporate with cross-sectional data were analyzed. Compared with individuals using clean fuel for cooking, solid fuel users were observed to have higher risk of GI diseases (OR in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018 wave separately: 1.37, 95 % CI: 1.24-1.50, P < 0.001; 1.24, 95 % CI: 1.11-1.39, P < 0.001; 1.18, 95 % CI: 1.06-1.33, P < 0.001; 1.23, 95 % CI: 1.04-1.45, P < 0.05). The associations between solid fuel use and liver diseases were not significant in most of the groups. Participants transforming from solid to clean cooking fuels had lower risk of GI and liver diseases than persistent solid fuel users. Moreover, biomass cooking fuel users were at a significant higher risk of both liver and GI diseases compared with clean fuel users. Overall, household solid fuel use, especially for cooking, was related to higher risk of GI and liver diseases, while switching from solid to clean fuels could reduce this risk. Using biomass for cooking was identified to be more associated with the increasing risk of GI and liver diseases than cooking with coal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hongcheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yuepei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Quanquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bo Hang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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12
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Wardhani K, Yazzie S, McVeigh C, Edeh O, Grimes M, Jacquez Q, Dixson C, Barr E, Liu R, Bolt AM, Feng C, Zychowski KE. Systemic immunological responses are dependent on sex and ovarian hormone presence following acute inhaled woodsmoke exposure. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:27. [PMID: 38797836 PMCID: PMC11129474 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural regions of the western United States have experienced a noticeable surge in both the frequency and severity of acute wildfire events, which brings significant challenges to both public safety and environmental conservation efforts, with impacts felt globally. Identifying factors contributing to immune dysfunction, including endocrinological phenotypes, is essential to understanding how hormones may influence toxicological susceptibility. METHODS This exploratory study utilized male and female C57BL/6 mice as in vivo models to investigate distinct responses to acute woodsmoke (WS) exposure with a focus on sex-based differences. In a second set of investigations, two groups were established within the female mouse cohort. In one group, mice experienced ovariectomy (OVX) to simulate an ovarian hormone-deficient state similar to surgical menopause, while the other group received Sham surgery as controls, to investigate the mechanistic role of ovarian hormone presence in driving immune dysregulation following acute WS exposure. Each experimental cohort followed a consecutive 2-day protocol with daily 4-h exposure intervals under two conditions: control HEPA-filtered air (FA) and acute WS to simulate an acute wildfire episode. RESULTS Metals analysis of WS particulate matter (PM) revealed significantly increased levels of 63Cu, 182W, 208Pb, and 238U, compared to filtered air (FA) controls, providing insights into the specific metal components most impacted by the changing dynamics of wildfire occurrences in the region. Male and female mice exhibited diverse patterns in lung mRNA cytokine expression following WS exposure, with males showing downregulation and females displaying upregulation, notably for IL-1β, TNF-α, CXCL-1, CCL-5, TGF-β, and IL-6. After acute WS exposure, there were notable differences in the responses of macrophages, neutrophils, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytokines IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Significant diverse alterations were observed in BAL cytokines, specifically IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as in the populations of immune cells, such as macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, in both Sham and OVX mice, following acute WS exposure. These findings elucidated the profound influence of hormonal changes on inflammatory outcomes, delineating substantial sex-related differences in immune activation and revealing altered immune responses in OVX mice due to ovarian hormone deficiency. In addition, the flow cytometry analysis highlighted the complex interaction between OVX surgery, acute WS exposure, and their collective impact on immune cell populations within the hematopoietic bone marrow niche. CONCLUSIONS In summary, both male and female mice, alongside females subjected to OVX and those who had sham surgery, exhibit significant variations in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, lung mRNA gene expression, and related functional networks linked to signaling pathways. These differences potentially act as mediators of sex-specific and hormonal influences in the systemic inflammatory response to acute WS exposure during a wildfire event. Understanding the regulatory roles of genes expressed differentially under environmental stressors holds considerable implications, aiding in identifying sex-specific therapeutic targets for addressing acute lung inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Wardhani
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group (B-TEK), Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sydnee Yazzie
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Charlotte McVeigh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Onamma Edeh
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Martha Grimes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Quiteria Jacquez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Connor Dixson
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Edward Barr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Alicia M Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Changjian Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Katherine E Zychowski
- College of Nursing, University of New Mexico-Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
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Stampfer O, Zuidema C, Allen RW, Fox J, Sampson P, Seto E, Karr CJ. Practical considerations for using low-cost sensors to assess wildfire smoke exposure in school and childcare settings. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00677-8. [PMID: 38730039 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More frequent and intense wildfires will increase concentrations of smoke in schools and childcare settings. Low-cost sensors can assess fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations with high spatial and temporal resolution. OBJECTIVE We sought to optimize the use of sensors for decision-making in schools and childcare settings during wildfire smoke to reduce children's exposure to PM2.5. METHODS We measured PM2.5 concentrations indoors and outdoors at four schools in Washington State during wildfire smoke in 2020-2021 using low-cost sensors and gravimetric samplers. We randomly sampled 5-min segments of low-cost sensor data to create simulations of brief portable handheld measurements. RESULTS During wildfire smoke episodes (lasting 4-19 days), median hourly PM2.5 concentrations at different locations inside a single facility varied by up to 49.6 µg/m3 (maximum difference) during school hours. Median hourly indoor/outdoor ratios across schools ranged from 0.22 to 0.91. Within-school differences in concentrations indicated that it is important to collect measurements throughout a facility. Simulation results suggested that making handheld measurements more often and over multiple days better approximates indoor/outdoor ratios for wildfire smoke. During a period of unstable air quality, PM2.5 over the next hour indoors was more highly correlated with the last 10-min of data (mean R2 = 0.94) compared with the last 3-h (mean R2 = 0.60), indicating that higher temporal resolution data is most informative for decisions about near-term activities indoors. IMPACT STATEMENT As wildfires continue to increase in frequency and severity, staff at schools and childcare facilities are increasingly faced with decisions around youth activities, building use, and air filtration needs during wildfire smoke episodes. Staff are increasingly using low-cost sensors for localized outdoor and indoor PM2.5 measurements, but guidance in using and interpreting low-cost sensor data is lacking. This paper provides relevant information applicable for guidance in using low-cost sensors for wildfire smoke response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Stampfer
- University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Christopher Zuidema
- University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Ryan W Allen
- Simon Fraser University Faculty of Health Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Julie Fox
- Washington State Department of Health, 101 Israel Rd. S.E., Tumwater, WA, 98501, USA
| | - Paul Sampson
- University of Washington Department of Statistics; B-313 Padelford Hall, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Edmund Seto
- University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- University of Washington Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- University of Washington Department of Pediatrics, 4245 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Northwest Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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14
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Zhang X, Ding L, Yang F, Qiao G, Gao X, Xiong Z, Zhu X. Association between indoor air pollution and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075105. [PMID: 38719299 PMCID: PMC11086541 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Incomplete combustion of solid fuel and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) are the primary causes of indoor air pollution (IAP), potentially leading to detrimental effects on individual mental health. However, current evidence regarding the association between IAP and depression remains inconclusive. This study aims to systematically investigate the evidence regarding the association between IAP and the risk of depression. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. DATA SOURCES Two independent reviewers searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and EMBASE for available studies published up to 13 January 2024. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included all cohort studies published in English that aimed to explore the relationship between IAP from solid fuel use and SHS exposure and the risk of depression. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. The association between IAP and depression was calculated using pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 value, and the effect estimates were pooled using fixed-effects or random-effects models depending on the results of homogeneity analysis. RESULTS We included 12 articles with data from 61 217 participants. The overall findings demonstrated a significant association between IAP exposure and depression (RR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.31), although with substantial heterogeneity (I2=75%). Subgroup analyses based on pollutant type revealed that IAP from solid fuel use was associated with a higher risk of depression (RR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.26; I2=62%; 5 studies, 36 768 participants) than that from SHS exposure (RR=1.11, 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.41; I2=80%; 7 studies, 24 449 participants). In terms of fuel use, the use of solid fuel for cooking (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.31; I2=58%; 4 studies, 34 044 participants) and heating (RR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.27; I2=65%; 3 studies, 24 874 participants) was associated with increased depression risk. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies indicated an association between exposure to IAP and depression. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022383285.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linlin Ding
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Yang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiyuan Qiao
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolian Gao
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenfang Xiong
- School of Nursing and Health Management, Wuhan Donghu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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15
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Blaustein JR, Quisel MJ, Hamburg NM, Wittkopp S. Environmental Impacts on Cardiovascular Health and Biology: An Overview. Circ Res 2024; 134:1048-1060. [PMID: 38662864 PMCID: PMC11058466 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Environmental stressors associated with human activities (eg, air and noise pollution, light disturbance at night) and climate change (eg, heat, wildfires, extreme weather events) are increasingly recognized as contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. These harmful exposures have been shown to elicit changes in stress responses, circadian rhythms, immune cell activation, and oxidative stress, as well as traditional cardiovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes, obesity) that promote cardiovascular diseases. In this overview, we summarize evidence from human and animal studies of the impacts of environmental exposures and climate change on cardiovascular health. In addition, we discuss strategies to reduce the impact of environmental risk factors on current and future cardiovascular disease burden, including urban planning, personal monitoring, and mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Blaustein
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York, USA
| | - Matthew J. Quisel
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedision School of Medicine
| | - Naomi M. Hamburg
- Section of Vascular Biology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Sharine Wittkopp
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York, USA
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16
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Abzhanova A, Berntsen J, Pennington ER, Dailey L, Masood S, George I, Warren N, Martin J, Hays MD, Ghio AJ, Weinstein JP, Kim YH, Puckett E, Samet JM. Monitoring redox stress in human airway epithelial cells exposed to woodsmoke at an air-liquid interface. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:14. [PMID: 38459567 PMCID: PMC10921608 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Wildland fires contribute significantly to the ambient air pollution burden worldwide, causing a range of adverse health effects in exposed populations. The toxicity of woodsmoke, a complex mixture of gases, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter, is commonly studied in vitro using isolated exposures of conventionally cultured lung cells to either resuspended particulate matter or organic solvent extracts of smoke, leading to incomplete toxicity evaluations. This study aimed to improve our understanding of the effects of woodsmoke inhalation by building an advanced in vitro exposure system that emulates human exposure of the airway epithelium. We report the development and characterization of an innovative system that permits live-cell monitoring of the intracellular redox status of differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells cultured at an air-liquid interface (pHBEC-ALI) as they are exposed to unfractionated woodsmoke generated in a tube furnace in real time. pHBEC-ALI exposed to freshly generated woodsmoke showed oxidative changes that were dose-dependent and reversible, and not attributable to carbon monoxide exposure. These findings show the utility of this novel system for studying the molecular initiating events underlying woodsmoke-induced toxicity in a physiologically relevant in vitro model, and its potential to provide biological plausibility for risk assessment and public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Abzhanova
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa Dailey
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Syed Masood
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ingrid George
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Nina Warren
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Joseph Martin
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Michael D Hays
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Andrew J Ghio
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Jason P Weinstein
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Earl Puckett
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - James M Samet
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, EPA Human Studies Facility, Research Triangle Park, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA.
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17
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Shirgaonkar R, Mohapatra PR, Panigrahi MK, Mishra P, Bhuniya S, Sarkar S, Girija A, Shaik A, Mohanty S, Moorthy A. Evaluation of Risk Factors for Lung Cancer Among Never Smokers and Their Association With Common Driver Mutations. Cureus 2024; 16:e56024. [PMID: 38576688 PMCID: PMC10991854 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The majority of lung cancers are caused by tobacco use, which is linked to lung tumors of all major histological types. A considerable fraction of lung cancer cases, the vast majority of which are adenocarcinomas, occur in "never smokers," who are characterized as having smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their lives. The primary objective was to assess risk factors for lung cancer in non-smokers. In contrast, secondary objectives included evaluating histological subtype, staging, and performance status and exploring associations between risk factors and common driver mutations. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was a single-center, observational, case-control study done at All India Institute of Medical Science, Bhubaneswar, India that focused on non-smokers with lung cancer. It included 145 cases and 297 controls, with statistical analyses such as chi-square tests and logistic regression used to assess associations between risk factors and lung cancer, considering factors such as socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI), occupation, outdoor and indoor air pollution, personal habits, and medical history. RESULTS The study, comprising 145 lung cancer cases in non-smokers and 297 controls, found that 92.4% (134/145) of cases had adenocarcinoma, 6.9% (10/145) had squamous cell carcinoma, and 0.7% (1/145) had small cell carcinoma. Significant associations were observed for high-risk occupations, indoor biomass use without proper ventilation, low BMI, and family history of lung cancer. Specific pre-existing lung conditions like old pulmonary tuberculosis and asthma were linked to increased and decreased odds of developing lung cancer, respectively. Environmental factors, living near heavy industry, and dietary habits showed significant associations. A significant association was not found between the driver mutations and the risk factors studied. CONCLUSION This single-center study sheds light on significant risk factors influencing lung cancer development among non-smokers. The predominant occurrence of adenocarcinoma and associations with high-risk occupations, indoor biomass exposure, low BMI, and family history emphasize the multifaceted nature of non-smoking-related lung cancer. The findings underscore the importance of comprehensive risk assessment and targeted preventive strategies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Shirgaonkar
- Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Prasanta R Mohapatra
- Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Manoj K Panigrahi
- Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Pritinanda Mishra
- Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Sourin Bhuniya
- Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Subho Sarkar
- Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Aswathy Girija
- Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Afshan Shaik
- Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Swadesh Mohanty
- Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Akshaya Moorthy
- Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
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18
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Mulat E, Tamiru D, Abate KH. Impact of indoor Air Pollution on the Linear growth of children in Jimma, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:488. [PMID: 38365615 PMCID: PMC10870508 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stunting in children is the term for reduced linear growth and development, which is frequently brought on by a persistently inadequate diet, recurrent infections and chronic diseases or poor health conditions. Apart from the classic covariates of stunting, which include diet and illness, the relative contribution of household air pollution to chronic nutrition conditions is least studied. Hence, this study is conducted to investigate the impact of household air pollution on the linear growth of under-five children in Jimma town, Ethiopia. METHODS A prospective cohort study was employed to collect data from 280 under-five children who lived in households using solid fuel (exposed group, n = 140) and clean fuel (unexposed group, n = 140). Height-for-age Z scores were compared in both groups over a 12-month follow-up period. The difference in differences estimators were used for comparison of changes in the height-for-age Z scores from baseline to end line in exposed and non-exposed groups. The independent effect of the use of solid fuels on height-for-age Z scores was analyzed through a multivariable linear regression model. Statistical Significances were declared at P < 0.05 and 95% CI level. RESULTS In an unadjusted model (Model 1), compared with the clean fuel type, the mean difference in the height-for-age Z score of children in households using solid fuel was lower by 0.54 (-0.54, 95% CI -0.97, -0.12, P = 0.011). The beta coefficient remained negative after adjusting for age and sex (Model 2 -0.543, 95% CI -1.373, -0.563) and sociodemographic variables (Model 3: -0.543, 95% CI -1.362, -0.575). In the final model (Model 4), which adjusted for wealth quantile, dietary practice, water, sanitation and hygiene status and household food insecurity access scale, the beta coefficient held the same and significant (beta: -0.543, 95% CI -1.357, -0.579, P < 0.001). Higher HAZ scores were observed among female child (β: = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.28, 0.69), Child with father attended higher education (β: = 0.304 95%CI: 0.304, 95% CI 0.19, 0.41) as compared to male gender and those who did not attend a formal education, respectively. In contrast, child living in households with poor hygiene practices had lower HAZ score (β: -0.226, 95% CI: -0.449, -0.003), P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to indoor air pollution was inversely related to linear growth. Furthermore, sex, educational status and hygiene were found relevant predictors of linear growth. In such a setting, there is a need to step up efforts to design and implement public education campaigns regarding the health risks associated with exposure to household air pollution. Promoting improvements to kitchen ventilation and the use of improved cooking stoves, which will help to mitigate the detrimental effects of indoor air pollution on child growth impairment and its long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Mulat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Dessalegn Tamiru
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kalkidan Hassen Abate
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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19
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Liu Y, Yang Z, Huang L, Zeng W, Zhou Q. Anti-interference detection of mixed NO X via In 2O 3-based sensor array combining with neural network model at room temperature. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 463:132857. [PMID: 37913662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a noble metal doped In2O3-based sensor array applying back propagation neural network (BPNN) combined with whale optimization algorithm (WOA) toward anti-interference detection of mixed NOX. The synthesis (simple hydrothermal methods) and characterization (XRD, SEM, EDS and XPS) of Pt, Au and Pd doped In2O3 with different morphologies were reported. The three of In2O3-based sensors were systematically tested at room temperature to investigate the performance of sensitivity, response-recovery time, repeatability and selectivity to NO and NOX. Based on the sensor array composed of Pt, Au, and Pd doped In2O3 sensors combining WOA-BPNN prediction model, this work finally achieved the quantitative prediction of the components in the mixed NO and NOX under the influence of cross interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Liu
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Long Huang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Qu Zhou
- College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Amini H, Amini M, Wright RO. Climate Change, Exposome Change, and Allergy: A Review. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:1-13. [PMID: 37973255 PMCID: PMC11000425 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a major threat to human respiratory health and associated allergic disorders given its broad impact on the exposome. Climate change can affect exposure to allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, molds, as well as other factors such as temperature, air pollution, and nutritional factors, which synergistically impact the immune response to these allergens. Exposome change can differentially exacerbate allergic reactions across subgroups of populations, especially those who are more vulnerable to environmental stressors. Understanding links between climate change and health impacts can help inform how to protect individuals and vulnerable populations from adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heresh Amini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Mohamad Amini
- Department of Dermatology, Besat Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA
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21
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LoPiccolo J, Gusev A, Christiani DC, Jänne PA. Lung cancer in patients who have never smoked - an emerging disease. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:121-146. [PMID: 38195910 PMCID: PMC11014425 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Although smoking-related lung cancers continue to account for the majority of diagnoses, smoking rates have been decreasing for several decades. Lung cancer in individuals who have never smoked (LCINS) is estimated to be the fifth most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2023, preferentially occurring in women and Asian populations. As smoking rates continue to decline, understanding the aetiology and features of this disease, which necessitate unique diagnostic and treatment paradigms, will be imperative. New data have provided important insights into the molecular and genomic characteristics of LCINS, which are distinct from those of smoking-associated lung cancers and directly affect treatment decisions and outcomes. Herein, we review the emerging data regarding the aetiology and features of LCINS, particularly the genetic and environmental underpinnings of this disease as well as their implications for treatment. In addition, we outline the unique diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms of LCINS and discuss future directions in identifying individuals at high risk of this disease for potential screening efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn LoPiccolo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- The Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
We review current knowledge on the trends and drivers of global wildfire activity, advances in the measurement of wildfire smoke exposure, and evidence on the health effects of this exposure. We describe methodological issues in estimating the causal effects of wildfire smoke exposures on health and quantify their importance, emphasizing the role of nonlinear and lagged effects. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the health effects of wildfire smoke exposure, finding positive impacts on all-cause mortality and respiratory hospitalizations but less consistent evidence on cardiovascular morbidity. We conclude by highlighting priority areas for future research, including leveraging recently developed spatially and temporally resolved wildfire-specific ambient air pollution data to improve estimates of the health effects of wildfire smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Gould
- Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; ,
| | - Sam Heft-Neal
- Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
| | - Mary Johnson
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; ,
| | - Juan Aguilera
- Center for Community Health Impact, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, El Paso, Texas, USA;
| | - Marshall Burke
- Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; ,
- Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA;
- National Bureau of Economic Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; ,
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23
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van Pinxteren D, Engelhardt V, Mothes F, Poulain L, Fomba KW, Spindler G, Cuesta-Mosquera A, Tuch T, Müller T, Wiedensohler A, Löschau G, Bastian S, Herrmann H. Residential Wood Combustion in Germany: A Twin-Site Study of Local Village Contributions to Particulate Pollutants and Their Potential Health Effects. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2024; 4:12-30. [PMID: 38250341 PMCID: PMC10797685 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Residential wood combustion contributing to airborne particulate matter (PM10) was studied for 1 year at two sites in the village of Melpitz. Significant excess pollution was observed at the Melpitz center compared to that at the TROPOS research station Melpitz reference site, situated only 700 m away. Local concentration increments at the village site for the combustion PM constituents organic carbon, elemental carbon, levoglucosan, and benzo[a]pyrene were determined under appropriate wind directions, and their winter mean values were 0.7 μg m-3, 0.3 μg m-3, 0.1 μg m-3, and 0.4 ng m-3, representing relative increases over the regional background concentration of 24, 70, 61, and 107%, respectively. Yearly, weekly, and diurnal profiles of village increments suggest residential heating as the dominant source of this excess pollution, mainly originating from wood combustion. Receptor modeling using positive matrix factorization quantified 4.5 μg m-3 wood combustion PM at the village site, representing an increment of 1.9 μg m-3 and an increase of ∼75% over the 2.6 μg m-3 regional background wood combustion PM. This increment varied with season, temperature, and boundary layer height and reached daily mean values of 4-6 μg m-3 during unfavorable meteorological conditions. Potential health effects were estimated and resulted in an all-cause mortality from short-term exposure to wood combustion PM of 2.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year for areas with similar wood smoke levels as observed in Melpitz. The excess cancer risk from the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was 6.4 per 100,000. For both health metrics, the very local contributions from the village itself were about 40-50%, indicating a strong potential for mitigation through local-scale policies. A compilation of literature data demonstrates wood combustion to represent a major source of PM pollution in Germany, with average winter-time contributions of 10-20%. The present study quantifies the negative impacts of heating with wood in rural residential areas, where the continuous monitoring of air quality is typically lacking. Further regulation of this PM source is warranted in order to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik van Pinxteren
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vanessa Engelhardt
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Falk Mothes
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerald Spindler
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Cuesta-Mosquera
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Tuch
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alfred Wiedensohler
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunter Löschau
- Saxon
State Office for the Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG), Pillnitzer Platz 3, 01326 Dresden Pillnitz, Germany
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon
State Office for the Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG), Pillnitzer Platz 3, 01326 Dresden Pillnitz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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24
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Cupido G, Günther G. Post tuberculosis lung disease and tuberculosis sequelae: A narrative review. Indian J Tuberc 2024; 71:64-72. [PMID: 38296392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Post Tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) and post tuberculosis sequelae is a global and poorly recognized problem, amplified by social factors and immunocompromising conditions, inadequate treatment, lack of effective prevention of tuberculosis (TB) infection and disease. As a disease, it remained until recently poorly defined, with studies heterogenous with regards to regions, population demographics, risk factors, cohort sizes, and methods. Pathophysiologically, even successfully treated pulmonary TB disease has sequelae i.e. involving central and peripheral airways, lung parenchyma and pleura, resulting in airway narrowing and dilatation, fibrocavitation and emphysema, pulmonary vascular changes as well as pleural fibrosis. Functionally patients have airflow limitation, restrictive disease or a mixture of both not rarely associated with respiratory, or even ventilatory failure. Quality of life is often impaired through disability, TB relapse, superinfections and through increased susceptibility to reinfection and persistent inflammation, leading to progressive lung function decline and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Premature mortality due to PTLD is very likely, but poorly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Cupido
- Department of Internal Medicine, Katutura State Hospital, Windhoek, Namibia.
| | - Gunar Günther
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Namibia, School of Medicine, Windhoek, Namibia
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25
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Rafiq L, Zahra Naqvi SH, Shahzad L, Ali SM. Exploring the links between indoor air pollutants and health outcomes in South Asian countries: a systematic review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:741-752. [PMID: 36302378 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution (IAP) has adverse effects on the health of people, globally. The objective of this systematic review was to present the range of health problems studied in association with indoor air pollutants in South Asian countries. We searched five databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and CAB Direct for articles published between the years 2000 and 2020. We retrieved 5,810 articles, out of which we included 90 articles in our review. Among South Asian countries, only five countries have published results related to relationship between indoor air pollutants and adverse health conditions. All studies have shown adversity of indoor air pollutants on human's health. We found indoor solid fuel burning as a key source of indoor air pollution in the included studies, while women and children were most affected by their exposure to solid fuel burning. More than half of the studies accounted particulate matter responsible for indoor air pollution bearing negative health effects. In the included studies, eyes and lungs were the most commonly affected body organs, exhibiting common symptoms like cough, breathing difficulty and wheezing. This might have developed into common conditions like respiratory tract infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and eye cataract. In addition to promote research in South Asian countries, future research should focus on novel digital ways of capturing effects of indoor air pollutants among vulnerable segments of the population. As a result of this new knowledge, public health agencies should develop and test interventions to reduce people's exposure levels and prevent them to develop adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Rafiq
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Hamayal Zahra Naqvi
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Laila Shahzad
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mustafa Ali
- Center of Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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26
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Quinteros ME, Blazquez C, Ayala S, Kilby D, Cárdenas-R JP, Ossa X, Rosas-Diaz F, Stone EA, Blanco E, Delgado-Saborit JM, Harrison RM, Ruiz-Rudolph P. Development of Spatio-Temporal Land Use Regression Models for Fine Particulate Matter and Wood-Burning Tracers in Temuco, Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19473-19486. [PMID: 37976408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomass burning is common in much of the world, and in some areas, residential wood-burning has increased. However, air pollution resulting from biomass burning is an important public health problem. A sampling campaign was carried out between May 2017 and July 2018 in over 64 sites in four sessions, to develop a spatio-temporal land use regression (LUR) model for fine particulate matter (PM) and wood-burning tracers levoglucosan and soluble potassium (Ksol) in a city heavily impacted by wood-burning. The mean (sd) was 46.5 (37.4) μg m-3 for PM2.5, 0.607 (0.538) μg m-3 for levoglucosan, and 0.635 (0.489) μg m-3 for Ksol. LUR models for PM2.5, levoglucosan, and Ksol had a satisfactory performance (LOSOCV R2), explaining 88.8%, 87.4%, and 87.3% of the total variance, respectively. All models included sociodemographic predictors consistent with the pattern of use of wood-burning in homes. The models were applied to predict concentrations surfaces and to estimate exposures for an epidemiological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elisa Quinteros
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Avenida Lircay s/n, Talca, 3460000, Chile
- Programa Doctorado en Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Santiago, 1025000, Chile
| | - Carola Blazquez
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar, 2531015, Chile
| | - Salvador Ayala
- Programa Doctorado en Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Santiago, 1025000, Chile
- Departamento Agencia Nacional de Dispositivos Médicos, Innovación y Desarrollo, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Marathon 1000, Ñuñoa, Santiago 0000000000, Chile
| | - Dylan Kilby
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Cárdenas-R
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Obras Civiles, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
- Facultad de Arquitectura, Construcción y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile
| | - Ximena Ossa
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Centro de Excelencia CIGES, Universidad de la Frontera, Caro Solar 115, Temuco, 4780000, Chile
| | - Felipe Rosas-Diaz
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de Los Garza 66451, Nuevo León, México
| | - Elizabeth A Stone
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Estela Blanco
- Programa Doctorado en Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Santiago, 1025000, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Sociedad y Salud and Núcleo Milenio de Sociomedicina, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, 7510041, Chile
| | - Juana-María Delgado-Saborit
- Perinatal Epidemiology, Environmental Health and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Avinguda de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Castellon Spain
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham B152TT, U.K
| | - Roy M Harrison
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham B152TT, U.K
- Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pablo Ruiz-Rudolph
- * Programa de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Poblacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 939, Santiago 1025000, Chile
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Arfin T, Pillai AM, Mathew N, Tirpude A, Bang R, Mondal P. An overview of atmospheric aerosol and their effects on human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125347-125369. [PMID: 37674064 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29652-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic investigations have previously been published in more than 200 papers, and several studies have examined the impacts of particle air pollution on health. The main conclusions now being made about the epidemiological evidence of particle pollution-induced health impacts are discussed in this article. Although there is no universal agreement, most reviewers conclude that particulate air pollution, particularly excellent combustion-cause contamination prevalent in many municipal and manufacturing environments, is a significant risk for cardiopulmonary sickness and mortality. Most epidemiological research has concentrated on the impacts of acute exposure, although the total public health implications of chronic acquaintance's outcome may be more extraordinarily significant. According to some reviewers, prolonged, repeated exposure raises the risk of cardiorespiratory death and chronic respiratory illness. A more general (but still universal) agreement is that short-term particle pollution exposure has been shown to aggravate pre-existing pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and increase the number of community members who become sick, require medical treatment, or die. Several in-depth studies conducted in the global and Indian regions are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Arfin
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Anupama M Pillai
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Nikhila Mathew
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Abha Tirpude
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Roshani Bang
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pabitra Mondal
- Air Pollution Control Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
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Fiter RJ, Murphy LJ, Gong MN, Cleven KL. The impact of air pollution on asthma: clinical outcomes, current epidemiology, and health disparities. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:1237-1247. [PMID: 38247719 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2307545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollution has been shown to have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality of respiratory illnesses including asthma. AREAS COVERED Outdoor air pollution consists of a mixture of individual pollutants including vehicle traffic and industrial pollution. Studies have implicated an array of individual components of air pollution, with PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and ozone being the most classically described, and newer literature implicating other pollutants such as black carbon and volatile organic compounds. Epidemiological and cohort studies have described incidence and prevalence of pollution-related asthma and investigated both acute and chronic air pollution exposure as they relate to asthma outcomes. There is an increasing body of literature tying disparities in pollution exposure to clinical outcomes. In this narrative review, we assessed the published research investigating the association of pollution with asthma outcomes, focusing on the adult population and health care disparities. EXPERT OPINION Pollution has multiple deleterious effects on respiratory health but there is a lack of data on individualized pollution monitoring, making it difficult to establish a temporal relationship between exposure and symptoms, thereby limiting our understanding of safe exposure levels. Future research should focus on more personalized monitoring and treatment plans for mitigating exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Fiter
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lila J Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michelle N Gong
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Krystal L Cleven
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Kamai EM, Ruiz BC, Van Horne YO, Barahona DD, Bejarano E, Olmedo L, Eckel SP, Johnston JE, Farzan SF. Agricultural burning in Imperial Valley, California and respiratory symptoms in children: A cross-sectional, repeated measures analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165854. [PMID: 37516194 PMCID: PMC10592232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Burning of agricultural fields is an understudied source of air pollution in rural communities in the United States. Smoke from agricultural burning contains air toxics that adversely impact respiratory health. Imperial County in southeastern California is a highly productive agricultural valley that heavily employs agricultural burning to clear post-harvest crop remnants. We related individual-level exposure to agricultural burns to parent-reported respiratory symptoms in children. We leveraged the Children's Assessing Imperial Valley Respiratory Health and the Environment (AIRE) cohort of 735 predominantly Hispanic low-income elementary school students in Imperial County. Parents reported children's respiratory health symptoms and family demographic characteristics in questionnaires collected at enrollment and in annual follow-up assessments from 2017 to 2019. Permitted agricultural burns in Imperial County from 2016 to 2019 were spatially linked to children's geocoded residential addresses. We used generalized estimating equations to evaluate prevalence differences (PDs) in respiratory symptoms with increasing exposure to agricultural burning within 3 km in the 12 months prior to each assessment. Nearly half of children (346, 49 %) lived within 3 km of at least one agricultural burn in the year prior to study enrollment. In adjusted models, each additional day of agricultural burning in the prior year was associated with a one percentage point higher prevalence of wheezing (PD 1.1 %; 95 % CI 0.2 %, 2.0 %) and higher bronchitic symptoms (PD 1.0 %; 95 % CI -0.2 %, 2.1 %). Children exposed to four or more days of burning had an absolute increased prevalence of wheezing and bronchitic symptoms of 5.9 % (95 % CI -0.3 %, 12 %) and 5.6 % (95 % CI -1.8 %, 13 %), respectively, compared to no burn exposure. Associations with wheezing were stronger among children with asthma (PD 14 %; 95 % CI -1.4 %, 29 %). To our knowledge, this is the first U.S. study of agricultural burning and children's respiratory health. This work suggests that reducing agricultural burning could improve children's respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Kamai
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Brandyn C Ruiz
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yoshira Ornelas Van Horne
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dayane Duenas Barahona
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jill E Johnston
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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30
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Chen D, Billmire M, Loughner CP, Bredder A, French NHF, Kim HC, Loboda TV. Simulating spatio-temporal dynamics of surface PM 2.5 emitted from Alaskan wildfires. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165594. [PMID: 37467978 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Wildfire is a major disturbance agent in Arctic boreal and tundra ecosystems that emits large quantities of atmospheric pollutants, including PM2.5. Under the substantial Arctic warming which is two to three times of global average, wildfire regimes in the high northern latitude regions are expected to intensify. This imposes a considerable threat to the health of the people residing in the Arctic regions. Alaska, as the northernmost state of the US, has a sizable rural population whose access to healthcare is greatly limited by a lack of transportation and telecommunication infrastructure and low accessibility. Unfortunately, there are only a few air quality monitoring stations across the state of Alaska, and the air quality of most remote Alaskan communities is not being systematically monitored, which hinders our understanding of the relationship between wildfire emissions and human health within these communities. Models simulating the dispersion of pollutants emitted by wildfires can be extremely valuable for providing spatially comprehensive air quality estimates in areas such as Alaska where the monitoring station network is sparse. In this study, we established a methodological framework that is based on an integration of the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, the Wildland Fire Emissions Inventory System (WFEIS), and the Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Wildfire Date of Burning (WDoB) dataset, an Arctic-oriented fire product. Through our framework, daily gridded surface-level PM2.5 concentrations for the entire state of Alaska between 2001 and 2015 for which wildfires are responsible can be estimated. This product reveals the spatio-temporal patterns of the impacts of wildfires on the regional air quality in Alaska, which, in turn, offers a direct line of evidence indicating that wildfire is the dominant driver of PM2.5 concentrations over Alaska during the fire season. Additionally, it provides critical data inputs for research on understanding how wildfires affect human health which creates the basis for the development of effective and efficient mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Michael Billmire
- Michigan Tech Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Christopher P Loughner
- Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Allison Bredder
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Nancy H F French
- Michigan Tech Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Hyun Cheol Kim
- Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA; Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Tatiana V Loboda
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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31
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Gulick S, Carrico CM, Frey B, Baca D, Dubey MK. Plant versus local soil inorganic ionic composition: The relationship to biomass smoke. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:164967. [PMID: 37343879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
We examine the relationship between soil and plant inorganic chemical composition as a precursor to biomass smoke aerosol particle (PM2.5) properties in desert landscapes of the Southwestern United States. Past work underscored the importance of plant species and in particular the dependence of smoke PM2.5 water uptake on the water-soluble inorganics important in select plant species (e.g., halophytes) versus absent in other species (e.g., conifers). This study extends this work by looking at a range of soil types and salinity in examining native and invasive species in the Desert Southwest US region. Eighteen plant samples and surrounding soils were taken from four ecosystems in New Mexico, USA. Results here support the conclusion that plant species are the primary controller over the inorganic plant composition that is relevant to biomass smoke and controls its hygroscopicity. The role of soil type is secondary to plant inorganic composition but is found to be important on the ecosystem level in determining what plant species are viable in a given ecosystem. This ultimately affects the smoke properties, including PM2.5 hygroscopicity (water uptake), produced in landscape fires. Knowledge of ecosystem features including plant species distribution and soil salinity may be combined as a first-order predictor of PM2.5 hygroscopicity of the primary smoke emissions. This can be particularly useful when combined with knowledge of burn characteristics such as flame temperature, which also plays a key role in determining PM2.5 water uptake response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Gulick
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, United States of America
| | - Christian M Carrico
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, United States of America.
| | - Bonnie Frey
- New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801, United States of America
| | - Dustin Baca
- New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801, United States of America
| | - Manvendra K Dubey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
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32
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Sekimoto K, Coggon MM, Gkatzelis GI, Stockwell CE, Peischl J, Soja AJ, Warneke C. Fuel-Type Independent Parameterization of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Western US Wildfires. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13193-13204. [PMID: 37611137 PMCID: PMC10483695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from biomass burning impact air quality and climate. Laboratory studies have shown that the variability in VOC speciation is largely driven by changes in combustion conditions and is only modestly impacted by fuel type. Here, we report that emissions of VOCs measured in ambient smoke emitted from western US wildfires can be parameterized by high- and low-temperature pyrolysis VOC profiles and are consistent with previous observations from laboratory simulated fires. This is demonstrated using positive matrix factorization (PMF) constrained by high- and low-temperature factors using VOC measurements obtained with a proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) on board the NASA DC-8 during the FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence on Regional and Global Environments and Air Quality) project in 2019. A linear combination of high- and low-temperature factors described more than 70% of the variability of VOC emissions of long-lived VOCs in all sampled wildfire plumes. An additional factor attributable to atmospheric aging was required to parameterize short-lived and secondarily produced VOCs. The relative contribution of the PMF-derived high-temperature factor for a given fire plume was strongly correlated with the fire radiative power (FRP) at the estimated time of emission detected by satellite measurements. By combining the FRP with the fraction of the high-temperature PMF factor, the emission ratios (ERs) of VOCs to carbon monoxide (CO) in fresh wildfires were estimated and agree well with measured ERs (r2 = 0.80-0.93).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Sekimoto
- Graduate
School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City
University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Matthew M. Coggon
- NOAA
Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Corolado 80305, United States
| | - Georgios I. Gkatzelis
- NOAA
Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Corolado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Chelsea E. Stockwell
- NOAA
Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Corolado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jeff Peischl
- NOAA
Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Corolado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Amber J. Soja
- National
Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666, United States
- NASA
Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States
| | - Carsten Warneke
- NOAA
Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Corolado 80305, United States
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Dilger M, Armant O, Ramme L, Mülhopt S, Sapcariu SC, Schlager C, Dilger E, Reda A, Orasche J, Schnelle-Kreis J, Conlon TM, Yildirim AÖ, Hartwig A, Zimmermann R, Hiller K, Diabaté S, Paur HR, Weiss C. Systems toxicology of complex wood combustion aerosol reveals gaseous carbonyl compounds as critical constituents. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108169. [PMID: 37688811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies identified air pollution as one of the prime causes for human morbidity and mortality, due to harmful effects mainly on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Damage to the lung leads to several severe diseases such as fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer. Noxious environmental aerosols are comprised of a gas and particulate phase representing highly complex chemical mixtures composed of myriads of compounds. Although some critical pollutants, foremost particulate matter (PM), could be linked to adverse health effects, a comprehensive understanding of relevant biological mechanisms and detrimental aerosol constituents is still lacking. Here, we employed a systems toxicology approach focusing on wood combustion, an important source for air pollution, and demonstrate a key role of the gas phase, specifically carbonyls, in driving adverse effects. Transcriptional profiling and biochemical analysis of human lung cells exposed at the air-liquid-interface determined DNA damage and stress response, as well as perturbation of cellular metabolism, as major key events. Connectivity mapping revealed a high similarity of gene expression signatures induced by wood smoke and agents prompting DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs). Indeed, various gaseous aldehydes were detected in wood smoke, which promote DPCs, initiate similar genomic responses and are responsible for DNA damage provoked by wood smoke. Hence, systems toxicology enables the discovery of critical constituents of complex mixtures i.e. aerosols and highlights the role of carbonyls on top of particulate matter as an important health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dilger
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Olivier Armant
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance 13115, France
| | - Larissa Ramme
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sonja Mülhopt
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sean C Sapcariu
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Christoph Schlager
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Elena Dilger
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ahmed Reda
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas M Conlon
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA - Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Silvia Diabaté
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hanns-Rudolf Paur
- HICE - Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health - Aerosols and Health, Germany(1); Institute for Technical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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Islam R, Sheba NH, Siddique RF, Hannan JMA, Hossain S. Association of household fuel use with hypertension and blood pressure among adult women in rural Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23899. [PMID: 36932851 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the association of household fuel use with hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) among adult women. METHODS A cross-sectional survey through face-to-face interviews and blood pressure (BP) measurement were conducted among 2182 randomly selected women (1236 solid fuel users and 946 clean fuel users) in rural areas of Bangladesh. RESULTS Overall, 21% of women were hypertensive. Mean SBP and DBP for the study population were 121.27 mmHg (SD ± 15.43) and 76.18 mmHg (SD ± 12.00), respectively. Hypertension was found significantly (p = .006) higher among solid fuel users (23%) compared to clean fuel users (18%). Women using solid fuels have a 35% higher chance (AOR: 1.35, CI: 1.10-1.80) of having hypertension and have more than twice the risk of developing elevated SBP (AOR: 2.01, CI: 1.55-2.95) relative to women using clean fuels for their daily cooking. The probability of hypertension (AOR: 1.39, CI: 1.17-1.60) and elevated SBP (AOR: 1.35, CI: 1.10-1.61) increased significantly for every hour of fuel use. CONCLUSIONS Using clean fuel, reducing the duration of daily cooking time, and improved cooking facilities may help minimizing hypertension and ultimately cardiovascular disease risk among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiul Islam
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar Union, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Hossain Sheba
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ruhul Furkan Siddique
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar Union, Bangladesh
| | - J M A Hannan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Public Health, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shakhaoat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar Union, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Air Pollution, Climate Change and Health (ACH) Lab, Savar Union, Bangladesh
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35
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Idowu OS, De Azevedo LB, Zohoori FV, Kanmodi K, Pak T. Health risks associated with the production and usage of charcoal: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065914. [PMID: 37487686 PMCID: PMC10373722 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcoal production and utilisation are linked to various health issues and occupational hazards. However, to our knowledge, no systematic review has primarily focused on the health implications of charcoal production and its use while distinguishing charcoal from other solid fuels such as wood and coal. OBJECTIVES This systematic review presents a synthesis of the evidence on the health risks associated with producing and using charcoal across the world. DESIGN Systematic review using a systematic narrative synthesis approach. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (through Ovid interface), CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and SCOPUS, from inception to 26 February 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Peer-reviewed journal articles reporting empirical findings on the associations between charcoal usage/production and health parameters. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of primary studies. RESULTS Our findings showed that charcoal production and usage are linked with specific adverse health outcomes, including respiratory diseases (n=21), cardiorespiratory and neurological diseases (n=1), cancer (n=3), DNA damage (n=3), carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning (n=2), physical injury (n=2), sick house syndrome (n=1), unintentional weight loss and body mass index (BMI) reduction (n=2), increase in blood pressure (n=1) and CO death (n=1). Among the included articles that reported respiratory diseases (n=21), there was one case of asthma and tuberculosis and two cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CONCLUSIONS This review links charcoal production/usage and some associated human health risks. These include respiratory diseases and other non-respiratory illnesses such as sick-building syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, DNA damage, CO poisoning and death, unintentional weight loss and BMI reduction, and physical injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladipo S Idowu
- Newcastle University Center for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Kehinde Kanmodi
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Tannaz Pak
- School of Computing, Engineering, and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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Iwaszenko S, Szymańska M, Róg L. A Deep Learning Approach to Intrusion Detection and Segmentation in Pellet Fuels Using Microscopic Images. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6488. [PMID: 37514782 PMCID: PMC10383668 DOI: 10.3390/s23146488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Pellet fuels are nowadays commonly used as a heat source for food preparation. Unfortunately, they may contain intrusions which might be harmful for humans and the environment. The intrusions can be identified precisely using immersed microscopy analysis. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of autonomous identification of selected classes of intrusions using relatively simple deep learning models. The semantic segmentation was chosen as a method for impurity identification in the microscopic image. Three architectures of deep networks based on UNet architecture were examined. The networks contained the same depth as UNet but with a successively limited number of filters. The input image influence on the segmentation results was also examined. The efficiency of the network was assessed using the intersection over union index. The results showed an easily observable impact of the filter used on segmentation efficiency. The influence of the input image resolution is not so clear, and even the lowest (256 × 256 pixels) resolution used gave satisfactory results. The biggest (but still smaller than originally proposed UNet) network yielded segmentation quality good enough for practical applications. The simpler one was also applicable, although the quality of the segmentation decreased considerably. The simplest network gave poor results and is not suitable in applications. The two proposed networks can be used as a support for domain experts in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Iwaszenko
- Department of Acoustics, Electronics and IT Solutions, GIG Research Institute, 40-166 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Szymańska
- Department of Solid Fuels Quality Assessment, GIG Research Institute, 40-166 Katowice, Poland
| | - Leokadia Róg
- Department of Solid Fuels Quality Assessment, GIG Research Institute, 40-166 Katowice, Poland
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Olson NE, Boaggio KL, Rice RB, Foley KM, LeDuc SD. Wildfires in the western United States are mobilizing PM 2.5-associated nutrients and may be contributing to downwind cyanobacteria blooms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1049-1066. [PMID: 37232758 PMCID: PMC10585592 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wildfire activity is increasing in the continental U.S. and can be linked to climate change effects, including rising temperatures and more frequent drought conditions. Wildfire emissions and large fire frequency have increased in the western U.S., impacting human health and ecosystems. We linked 15 years (2006-2020) of particulate matter (PM2.5) chemical speciation data with smoke plume analysis to identify PM2.5-associated nutrients elevated in air samples on smoke-impacted days. Most macro- and micro-nutrients analyzed (phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, silicon, aluminum, iron, manganese, and magnesium) were significantly elevated on smoke days across all years analyzed. The largest percent increase was observed for phosphorus. With the exception of ammonium, all other nutrients (nitrate, copper, and zinc), although not statistically significant, had higher median values across all years on smoke vs. non-smoke days. Not surprisingly, there was high variation between smoke impacted days, with some nutrients episodically elevated >10 000% during select fire events. Beyond nutrients, we also explored instances where algal blooms occurred in multiple lakes downwind from high-nutrient fires. In these cases, remotely sensed cyanobacteria indices in downwind lakes increased two to seven days following the occurrence of wildfire smoke above the lake. This suggests that elevated nutrients in wildfire smoke may contribute to downwind algal blooms. Since cyanobacteria blooms can be associated with the production of cyanotoxins and wildfire activity is increasing due to climate change, this finding has implications for drinking water reservoirs in the western United States, and for lake ecology, particularly alpine lakes with otherwise limited nutrient inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Olson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Katie L Boaggio
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - R Byron Rice
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Kristen M Foley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Stephen D LeDuc
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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Bessa MJ, Sarmento B, Oliveira M, Rodrigues F. In vitro data for fire pollutants: contribution of studies using human cell models towards firefighters' occupational. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:238-255. [PMID: 36883725 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2187909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Firefighters are the principal line of defense against fires, being at elevated risk of exposure to health-relevant pollutants released during fires and burning processes. Although many biomonitoring studies exist, only a limited number of human in vitro investigations in fire risk assessment are currently available. In vitro studies stand out as valuable tools to assess the toxicity mechanisms involved following exposure to fire pollutants at a cellular level. The aim of the present review was to contextualize existing in vitro studies using human cell models exposed to chemicals emitted from fire emissions and wood smoke and discuss the implications of the observed toxic outcomes on adverse health effects detected in firefighters. Most of the reported in vitro investigations focused on monocultures respiratory models and exposure to particulate matter (PM) extracts collected from fire effluents. Overall, (1) a decrease in cellular viability, (2) enhanced oxidative stress, (3) increased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and (4) elevated cell death frequencies were noted. However, limited information remains regarding the toxicity mechanisms initiated by firefighting activities. Hence, more studies employing advanced in vitro models and exposure systems using human cell lines are urgently needed taking into consideration different routes of exposure and health-related pollutants released from fires. Data are needed to establish and define firefighters' occupational exposure limits and to propose mitigation strategies to promote beneficial human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Bessa
- UNIPRO - Unidade de Investigação em Patologia e Reabilitação Oral, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- UNIPRO - Unidade de Investigação em Patologia e Reabilitação Oral, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnique of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Morello-Frosch R, Obasogie OK. The Climate Gap and the Color Line - Racial Health Inequities and Climate Change. N Engl J Med 2023; 388:943-949. [PMID: 36884328 DOI: 10.1056/nejmsb2213250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Morello-Frosch
- From the Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management and the Divisions of Environmental Health Sciences and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health (R.M.-F.), and the School of Law and Joint Medical Program, School of Public Health (O.K.O.), University of California, Berkeley
| | - Osagie K Obasogie
- From the Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management and the Divisions of Environmental Health Sciences and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health (R.M.-F.), and the School of Law and Joint Medical Program, School of Public Health (O.K.O.), University of California, Berkeley
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Eden MJ, Matz J, Garg P, Gonzalez MP, McElderry K, Wang S, Gollner MJ, Oakes JM, Bellini C. Prolonged smoldering Douglas fir smoke inhalation augments respiratory resistances, stiffens the aorta, and curbs ejection fraction in hypercholesterolemic mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160609. [PMID: 36470384 PMCID: PMC10699119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While mounting evidence suggests that wildland fire smoke (WFS) inhalation may increase the burden of cardiopulmonary disease, the occupational risk of repeated exposure during wildland firefighting remains unknown. To address this concern, we evaluated the cardiopulmonary function in mice following a cumulative exposure to lab-scale WFS equivalent to a mid-length wildland firefighter (WLFF) career. Dosimetry analysis indicated that 80 exposure hours at a particulate concentration of 22 mg/m3 yield in mice the same cumulative deposited mass per unit of lung surface area as 3600 h of wildland firefighting. To satisfy this condition, male Apoe-/- mice were whole-body exposed to either air or smoldering Douglas fir smoke (DFS) for 2 h/day, 5 days/week, over 8 consecutive weeks. Particulate size in DFS fell within the respirable range for both mice and humans, with a count median diameter of 110 ± 20 nm. Expiratory breath hold in mice exposed to DFS significantly reduced their minute volume (DFS: 27 ± 4; Air: 122 ± 8 mL/min). By the end of the exposure time frame, mice in the DFS group exhibited a thicker (DFS: 109 ± 3; Air: 98 ± 3 μm) and less distensible (DFS: 23 ± 1; Air: 28 ± 1 MPa-1) aorta with reduced diastolic blood augmentation capacity (DFS: 53 ± 2; Air: 63 ± 2 kPa). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging further revealed larger end-systolic volume (DFS: 14.6 ± 1.1; Air: 9.9 ± 0.9 μL) and reduced ejection-fraction (DFS: 64.7 ± 1.0; Air: 75.3 ± 0.9 %) in mice exposed to DFS. Consistent with increased airway epithelium thickness (DFS: 10.4 ± 0.8; Air: 7.6 ± 0.3 μm), airway Newtonian resistance was larger following DFS exposure (DFS: 0.23 ± 0.03; Air: 0.20 ± 0.03 cmH2O-s/mL). Furthermore, parenchyma mean linear intercept (DFS: 36.3 ± 0.8; Air: 33.3 ± 0.8 μm) and tissue thickness (DFS: 10.1 ± 0.5; Air: 7.4 ± 0.7 μm) were larger in DFS mice. Collectively, mice exposed to DFS manifested early signs of cardiopulmonary dysfunction aligned with self-reported events in mid-career WLFFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Eden
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Matz
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, MA, USA
| | - Priya Garg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Siyan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Gollner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jessica M Oakes
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, MA, USA
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, MA, USA.
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Beyene T, Zosky GR, Gibson PG, McDonald VM, Holliday EG, Horvat JC, Vertigan AE, Van Buskirk J, Morgan GG, Jegasothy E, Hanigan I, Murphy VE, Jensen ME. The impact of the 2019/2020 Australian landscape fires on infant feeding and contaminants in breast milk in women with asthma. Int Breastfeed J 2023; 18:13. [PMID: 36823615 PMCID: PMC9947434 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019/2020 Australian landscape fires (bushfires) resulted in prolonged extreme air pollution; little is known about the effects on breastfeeding women and their infants. This study aimed to examine the impact of prolonged landscape fires on infant feeding methods and assess the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and elements in breast milk samples. METHODS From May - December 2020, women with asthma, who were feeding their infants during the fires, were recruited from an existing cohort. Data on infant feeding and maternal concern during the fires were retrospectively collected. Breast milk samples were collected from a sample of women during the fire period and compared with samples collected outside of the fire period for levels of 16 PAHs (gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry), and 20 elements (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry). RESULTS One-hundred-and-two women who were feeding infants completed the survey, and 77 provided 92 breast milk samples. Two women reported concern about the impact of fire events on their infant feeding method, while four reported the events influenced their decision. PAHs were detected in 34% of samples collected during, versus no samples collected outside, the fire period (cross-sectional analysis); specifically, fluoranthene (median concentration 0.015 mg/kg) and pyrene (median concentration 0.008 mg/kg) were detected. Women whose samples contained fluoranthene and pyrene were exposed to higher levels of fire-related fine particulate matter and more fire days, versus women whose samples had no detectable fluoranthene and pyrene. Calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, sulphur, and copper were detected in all samples. No samples contained chromium, lead, nickel, barium, or aluminium. No statistically significant difference was observed in the concentration of elements between samples collected during the fire period versus outside the fire period. CONCLUSIONS Few women had concerns about the impact of fire events on infant feeding. Detection of fluoranthene and pyrene in breast milk samples was more likely during the 2019/2020 Australian fire period; however, levels detected were much lower than levels expected to be related to adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfalidet Beyene
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. .,Asthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Graeme R. Zosky
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia ,grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XTasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.413648.cAsthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.414724.00000 0004 0577 6676Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Vanessa M. McDonald
- grid.413648.cAsthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.414724.00000 0004 0577 6676Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Holliday
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Jay C. Horvat
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Anne E. Vertigan
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.413648.cAsthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.414724.00000 0004 0577 6676Department of Speech Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Joe Van Buskirk
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, and University Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Geoffrey G. Morgan
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, and University Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Edward Jegasothy
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, and University Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Ivan Hanigan
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSydney School of Public Health, and University Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Vanessa E. Murphy
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.413648.cAsthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Megan E. Jensen
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia ,grid.413648.cAsthma and Breathing Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW Australia
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Considine EM, Hao J, deSouza P, Braun D, Reid CE, Nethery RC. Evaluation of Model-Based PM 2.5 Estimates for Exposure Assessment during Wildfire Smoke Episodes in the Western U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2031-2041. [PMID: 36693177 PMCID: PMC10288567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the health impacts of wildfire smoke requires data on people's exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) across space and time. In recent years, it has become common to use machine learning models to fill gaps in monitoring data. However, it remains unclear how well these models are able to capture spikes in PM2.5 during and across wildfire events. Here, we evaluate the accuracy of two sets of high-coverage and high-resolution machine learning-derived PM2.5 data sets created by Di et al. and Reid et al. In general, the Reid estimates are more accurate than the Di estimates when compared to independent validation data from mobile smoke monitors deployed by the US Forest Service. However, both models tend to severely under-predict PM2.5 on high-pollution days. Our findings complement other recent studies calling for increased air pollution monitoring in the western US and support the inclusion of wildfire-specific monitoring observations and predictor variables in model-based estimates of PM2.5. Lastly, we call for more rigorous error quantification of machine-learning derived exposure data sets, with special attention to extreme events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Considine
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Jiayuan Hao
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Priyanka deSouza
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Colorado Denver, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80202, USA
- CU Population Center, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Danielle Braun
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Colleen E. Reid
- CU Population Center, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80302, USA
- Earth Lab, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80303, USA
| | - Rachel C. Nethery
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
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Gordon JND, Bilsback KR, Fiddler MN, Pokhrel RP, Fischer EV, Pierce JR, Bililign S. The Effects of Trash, Residential Biofuel, and Open Biomass Burning Emissions on Local and Transported PM 2.5 and Its Attributed Mortality in Africa. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2022GH000673. [PMID: 36743737 PMCID: PMC9884662 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the second leading risk factor of premature death in Sub-Saharan Africa. We use GEOS-Chem to quantify the effects of (a) trash burning, (b) residential solid-fuel burning, and (c) open biomass burning (BB) (i.e., landscape fires) on ambient PM2.5 and PM2.5-attributable mortality in Africa. Using a series of sensitivity simulations, we excluded each of the three combustion sources in each of five African regions. We estimate that in 2017 emissions from these three combustion sources within Africa increased global ambient PM2.5 by 2%, leading to 203,000 (95% confidence interval: 133,000-259,000) premature mortalities yr-1 globally and 167,000 premature mortalities yr-1 in Africa. BB contributes more ambient PM2.5-related premature mortalities per year (63%) than residential solid-fuel burning (29%) and trash burning (8%). Open BB in Central Africa leads to the largest number of PM2.5-attributed mortalities inside the region, while trash burning in North Africa and residential solid-fuel burning in West Africa contribute the most regional mortalities for each source. Overall, Africa has a unique ambient air pollution profile because natural sources, such as windblown dust and BB, contribute strongly to ambient PM2.5 levels and PM2.5-related mortality. Air pollution policies may need to focus on taking preventative measures to avoid exposure to ambient PM2.5 from these less-controllable sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janica N. D. Gordon
- Department of PhysicsNorth Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNCUSA
- Applied Sciences and Technology PhD programNorth Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNCUSA
| | - Kelsey R. Bilsback
- Department of Atmospheric ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- PSE Healthy EnergyOaklandCAUSA
| | - Marc N. Fiddler
- Department of ChemistryNorth Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNCUSA
| | - Rudra P. Pokhrel
- Department of PhysicsNorth Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNCUSA
- NOAA Chemical Sciences LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - Emily V. Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Jeffrey R. Pierce
- Department of Atmospheric ScienceColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Solomon Bililign
- Department of PhysicsNorth Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNCUSA
- Applied Sciences and Technology PhD programNorth Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNCUSA
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Ye W, Pillarisetti A, de León O, Steenland K, Peel JL, Clark ML, Checkley W, Underhill LJ, Quinn A, Balakrishnan K, Garg SS, McCracken JP, Thompson LM, Díaz-Artiga A, Rosa G, Davila-Roman VG, de las Fuentes L, Papageorghiou AT, Chen Y, Wang J, Thomas FC. Baseline associations between household air pollution exposure and blood pressure among pregnant women in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) multi-country randomized controlled trial. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.01.23.23284847. [PMID: 36747716 PMCID: PMC9901046 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.23284847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cooking and heating using solid fuels can result in dangerous levels of exposure to household air pollution (HAP). HAPIN is an ongoing randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of a liquified petroleum gas stove and fuel intervention on HAP exposure and health in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda among households that rely primarily on solid cooking fuels. Given the potential impacts of HAP exposure on cardiovascular outcomes during pregnancy, we seek to characterize the relationship between personal exposures to HAP and blood pressure among pregnant women at baseline (prior to intervention) in the study. We assessed associations between PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm), BC (black carbon), and CO (carbon monoxide) exposures and blood pressure at baseline, prior to intervention, among 3195 pregnant women between 9 and 19 weeks of gestation. We measured 24-hour personal exposure to PM2.5/BC/CO and gestational blood pressure. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between personal exposures to three air pollutants and blood pressure parameters. Trial-wide, we found moderate increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and decreases in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as exposure to PM2.5, BC, and CO increased. None of these associations, however, were significant at the 0.05 level. HAP exposure and blood pressure associations were inconsistent in direction and magnitude within each country. We observed effect modification by body mass index (BMI) in India and Peru. Compared to women with normal weights, obese women in India and Peru (but not in Rwanda or Guatemala) had higher SBP per unit increase in log transformed PM2.5 and BC exposures. We did not find a cross-sectional association between HAP exposure and blood pressure in pregnant women; however, HAP may be associated with higher blood pressure in pregnant women who are obese, but this increase was not consistent across settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Ye
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ajay Pillarisetti
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Oscar de León
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kyle Steenland
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Maggie L. Clark
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsay J. Underhill
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ashlinn Quinn
- Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), Chennai, India
| | - Sarada S. Garg
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), Chennai, India
| | - John P. McCracken
- Global Health Institute, Collage of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lisa M. Thompson
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anaité Díaz-Artiga
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Ghislaine Rosa
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Lisa de las Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aris T. Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yunyun Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiantong Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Jiang X, Eum Y, Yoo EH. The impact of fire-specific PM 2.5 calibration on health effect analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159548. [PMID: 36270362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of PM2.5 concentrations solely stemming from both wildfire and prescribed burns (hereafter referred to as 'fire') is viable using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ), although CMAQ outputs are subject to biases and uncertainties. To reduce the biases in CMAQ-based outputs, we propose a two-stage calibration strategy that improves the accuracy of CMAQ-based fire PM2.5 estimates. First, we calibrated CMAQ-based non-fire PM2.5 to ground PM2.5 observations retrieved during non-fire days using an ensemble-based model. We estimated fire PM2.5 concentrations in the second stage by multiplying the calibrated non-fire PM2.5 obtained from the first stage by location- and time-specific conversion ratios. In a case study, we estimated fire PM2.5 during the Washington 2016 fire season using the proposed calibration approach. The calibrated PM2.5 better agreed with ground PM2.5 observations with a 10-fold cross-validated (CV) R2 of 0.79 compared to CMAQ-based PM2.5 estimates with R2 of 0.12. In the health effect analysis, we found significant associations between calibrated fire PM2.5 and cardio-respiratory hospitalizations across the fire season: relative risk (RR) for cardiovascular disease = 1.074, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.021-1.130 in October; RR = 1.191, 95% CI = 1.099-1.291 in November; RR for respiratory disease = 1.078, 95% CI = 1.005-1.157 in October; RR = 1.153, 95% CI = 1.045-1.272 in November. However, the results were inconsistent when non-calibrated PM2.5 was used in the analysis. We found that calibration affected health effect assessments in the present study, but further research is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Jiang
- Georgia Environmental Protection Division, Atlanta, GA 30354, USA.
| | - Youngseob Eum
- Department of Geography, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14261, USA
| | - Eun-Hye Yoo
- Department of Geography, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14261, USA
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Singh D, Tassew DD, Nelson J, Chalbot MCG, Kavouras IG, Tesfaigzi Y, Demokritou P. Physicochemical and toxicological properties of wood smoke particulate matter as a function of wood species and combustion condition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129874. [PMID: 36084462 PMCID: PMC9532370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Wood burning is a major source of ambient particulate matter (PM) and has been epidemiologically linked to adverse pulmonary health effects, however the impact of fuel and burning conditions on PM properties has not been investigated systematically. Here, we employed our recently developed integrated methodology to characterize the physicochemical and biological properties of emitted PM as a function of three common hardwoods (oak, cherry, mesquite) and three representative combustion conditions (flaming, smoldering, incomplete). Differences in PM and off-gas emissions (aerosol number/mass concentrations; carbon monoxide; volatile organic compounds) as well as inorganic elemental composition and organic carbon functional content of PM0.1 were noted between wood types and combustion conditions, although the combustion scenario exerted a stronger influence on the emission profile. More importantly, flaming combustion PM0.1 from all hardwoods significantly stimulated the promoter activity of Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) pointed domain containing ETS (E-twenty-six) Transcription Factor (SPDEF) in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293 T) cells, a biomarker for mucin gene expression associated with mucus production in pulmonary diseases. However, no bioactivity was observed for smoldering and incomplete combustion, which was likely driven by differences in the organic composition of PM0.1. Detailed chemical speciation of organic components of wood smoke is warranted to identify the individual compounds that drive specific biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilpreet Singh
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Dereje Damte Tassew
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jordan Nelson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35216, USA
| | - Marie-Cecile G Chalbot
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35216, USA
| | - Ilias G Kavouras
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Center, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Yuan Q, Zhang H. Identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways in BEAS-2B cells upon long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM 2.5) from biomass combustion using bioinformatics analysis. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:51. [PMID: 37722877 PMCID: PMC10519835 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to PM2.5 from burning domestic substances has been linked to an increased risk of lung disease, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study is to explore the hub genes and pathways involved in PM2.5 toxicity in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. METHODS The GSE158954 dataset is downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the limma package in RStudio (version 4.2.1). In addition, DEGs analysis was performed by Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, MCODE plug-in and the cytoHubba plug-in in Cytoscape software was used to identify the hub genes. Finally, CytoHubba and DEGs were used to integrate the hub genes, and preliminary validation was performed by comparing the toxicology genomics database (CTD). Differential immune cell infiltration was investigated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. RESULTS A total of 135 DEGs were identified, of which 57 were up-regulated and 78 were down-regulated. Functional enrichment analyses in the GO and KEGG indicated the potential involvement of DEGs was mainly enriched in the regulation of endopeptidase activity and influenza A. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that Chemical Carcinogenesis - DNA adducts were remarkably enriched in PM2.5 groups. 53 nodes and 198 edges composed the PPI network. Besides, 5 direct-acting genes were filtered at the intersection of cytohubba plug-in, MCODE plug-in and CTD database. There is a decreasing trend of dendritic cells resting after BEAS-2B cells long-term exposure to PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS The identified DEGs, modules, pathways, and hub genes provide clues and shed light on the potential molecular mechanisms of BEAS-2B cells upon long-term exposure to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yuan
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, 523120, China
| | - Haiqiao Zhang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, 523120, China
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Chen EW, Ahmad K, Erqou S, Wu WC. Particulate matter 2.5, metropolitan status, and heart failure outcomes in US counties: A nationwide ecologic analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279777. [PMID: 36584210 PMCID: PMC9803275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5) and heart failure (HF) hospitalizations and mortality in the US is unclear. Prior studies are limited to studying the effects of daily PM2.5 exposure on HF hospitalizations in specific geographic regions. Because PM2.5 can vary by geography, this study examines the effects of annual ambient PM2.5 exposure on HF hospitalizations and mortality at a county-level across the US. A cross-sectional analysis of county-level ambient PM2.5 concentration, HF hospitalizations, and HF mortality across 3135 US counties nationwide was performed, adjusting for county-level demographics, socioeconomic factors, comorbidities, and healthcare-associated behaviors. There was a moderate correlation between county PM2.5 and HF hospitalization among Medicare beneficiaries (r = 0.41) and a weak correlation between county PM2.5 and HF mortality (r = 0.08) (p-values < 0.01). After adjustment for various county level covariates, every 1 ug/m3 increase in annual PM2.5 concentration was associated with an increase of 0.51 HF Hospitalizations/1,000 Medicare Beneficiaries and 0.74 HF deaths/100,000 residents (p-values < 0.05). In addition, the relationship between PM2.5 and HF hospitalizations was similar when factoring in metropolitan status of the counties. In conclusion, increased ambient PM2.5 concentration level was associated with increased incidence of HF hospitalizations and mortality at the county level across the US. This calls for future studies exploring policies that reduce ambient particulate matter pollution and their downstream effects on potentially improving HF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward W. Chen
- The Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lifespan Hospitals and the Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Khansa Ahmad
- The Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lifespan Hospitals and the Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sebhat Erqou
- The Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lifespan Hospitals and the Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- The Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lifespan Hospitals and the Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- * E-mail:
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Mechanisms of Lung Damage and Development of COPD Due to Household Biomass-Smoke Exposure: Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, MicroRNAs, and Gene Polymorphisms. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010067. [PMID: 36611860 PMCID: PMC9818405 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to indoor biomass smoke from the combustion of solid organic fuels is a major cause of disease burden worldwide. Almost 3 billion people use solid fuels such as wood, charcoal, and crop residues for indoor cooking and heating, accounting for approximately 50% of all households and 90% of rural households globally. Biomass smoke contains many hazardous pollutants, resulting in household air pollution (HAP) exposure that often exceeds international standards. Long-term biomass-smoke exposure is associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in adults, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, chronic bronchitis, and other lung conditions. Biomass smoke-associated COPD differs from the best-known cigarette smoke-induced COPD in several aspects, such as a slower decline in lung function, greater airway involvement, and less emphysema, which suggests a different phenotype and pathophysiology. Despite the high burden of biomass-associated COPD, the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis are poorly understood. This review describes the pathogenic mechanisms potentially involved in lung damage, the development of COPD associated with wood-derived smoke exposure, and the influence of genetic and epigenetic factors on the development of this disease.
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Koval LE, Carberry CK, Kim YH, McDermott E, Hartwell H, Jaspers I, Gilmour MI, Rager JE. Wildfire Variable Toxicity: Identifying Biomass Smoke Exposure Groupings through Transcriptomic Similarity Scoring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17131-17142. [PMID: 36399130 PMCID: PMC10777820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of wildfires continues to grow globally with exposures resulting in increased disease risk. Characterizing these health risks remains difficult due to the wide landscape of exposures that can result from different burn conditions and fuel types. This study tested the hypothesis that biomass smoke exposures from variable fuels and combustion conditions group together based on similar transcriptional response profiles, informing which wildfire-relevant exposures may be considered as a group for health risk evaluations. Mice (female CD-1) were exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to equal mass biomass smoke condensates produced from flaming or smoldering burns of eucalyptus, peat, pine, pine needles, or red oak species. Lung transcriptomic signatures were used to calculate transcriptomic similarity scores across exposures, which informed exposure groupings. Exposures from flaming peat, flaming eucalyptus, and smoldering eucalyptus induced the greatest responses, with flaming peat grouping with the pro-inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide. Smoldering red oak and smoldering peat induced the least transcriptomic response. Groupings paralleled pulmonary toxicity markers, though they were better substantiated by higher data dimensionality and resolution provided through -omic-based evaluation. Interestingly, groupings based on smoke chemistry signatures differed from transcriptomic/toxicity-based groupings. Wildfire-relevant exposure groupings yield insights into risk assessment strategies to ultimately protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Koval
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
| | - Celeste K Carberry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina27711, United States
| | - Elena McDermott
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
| | - Hadley Hartwell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina27711, United States
| | - Julia E Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
- Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina27599, United States
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