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Wossine SE, Thothadri G, Tufa HB, Tucho WM, Murtaza A, Edacherian A, Sayeed Ahmed GM. Isolation and Characterization of Spherical Cellulose Nanocrystals Extracted from the Higher Cellulose Yield of the Jenfokie Plant: Morphological, Structural, and Thermal Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1629. [PMID: 38931979 PMCID: PMC11207728 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Scholars are looking for solutions to substitute hazardous substances in manufacturing nanocellulose from bio-sources to preserve the world's growing environmental consciousness. During the past decade, there has been a notable increase in the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in modern science and nanotechnology advancements because of their abundance, biocompatibility, biodegradability, renewability, and superior mechanical properties. Spherical cellulose nanocrystals (J-CNCs) were successfully synthesized from Jenfokie micro-cellulose (J-MC) via sulfuric acid hydrolysis in this study. The yield (up to 58.6%) and specific surface area (up to 99.64 m2/g) of J-CNCs were measured. A field emission gun-scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) was used to assess the morphology of the J-MC and J-CNC samples. The spherical shape nanoparticles with a mean nano-size of 34 nm for J-CNCs were characterized using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the crystallinity index and crystallinity size of J-CNCs, up to 98.4% and 6.13 nm, respectively. The chemical composition was determined using a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscope. Thermal characterization of thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) was conducted to identify the thermal stability and cellulose pyrolysis behavior of both J-MC and J-CNC samples. The thermal analysis of J-CNC indicated lower thermal stability than J-MC. It was noted that J-CNC showed higher levels of crystallinity and larger crystallite sizes than J-MC, indicating a successful digestion and an improvement of the main crystalline structure of cellulose. The X-ray diffraction spectra and TEM images were utilized to establish that the nanocrystals' size was suitable. The novelty of this work is the synthesis of spherical nanocellulose with better properties, chosen with a rich source of cellulose from an affordable new plant (studied for the first time) by stepwise water-retted extraction, continuing from our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Estifo Wossine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia; (S.E.W.); (H.B.T.)
| | - Ganesh Thothadri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Beri Tufa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia; (S.E.W.); (H.B.T.)
| | | | - Adil Murtaza
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Abhilash Edacherian
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Gulam Mohammed Sayeed Ahmed
- Center of Excellence (COE) for Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia;
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Liu L, Yang D, Bai Y, Li X, Tan F, Ma J, Wang Y. Construction of biodegradable superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic materials with CNF (cellulose nanofiber) fence-like attached on the surface for efficient oil/water emulsion separation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132175. [PMID: 38729497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic materials for the separation of oil-water emulsions by filtration have received much attention in order to solve the pollution problem of oil-water emulsion. In this paper, a fence-like structure on the surface of CNF/KGM (Konjac Glucomannan) materials by a simple method using CNF instead of metal nanowires was successfully developed based on the hydrogen bonding of KGM and CNF. The resulted organic CNF/KGM materials surface has outstanding superhydrophilic (WCA = 0°) in air and superoleophobicity (OCA≥151°) in water, which could separate oil-water mixtures with high separation efficiency above 99.14 % under the pressure of the emulsion itself. The material shows good mechanical properties because of the addition of CNF and has outstanding anti-fouling property and reusability. More importantly, the material can be completely biodegraded after buried in soil for 4 weeks since both of KGM and CNF are organic substances. Therefore, it may have a broad application prospect in the separation of oil-water emulsion because of its outstanding separation properties, simply preparation method and biodegradability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Di Yang
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yue Bai
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Fengzhi Tan
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiliang Ma
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yuanhao Wang
- School of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Chinnappa K, Bai CDG, Srinivasan PP. Nanocellulose-stabilized nanocomposites for effective Hg(II) removal and detection: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:30288-30322. [PMID: 38619767 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Mercury pollution, with India ranked as the world's second-largest emitter, poses a critical environmental and public health challenge and underscores the need for rigorous research and effective mitigation strategies. Nanocellulose is derived from cellulose, the most abundant natural polymer on earth, and stands out as an excellent choice for mercury ion remediation due to its remarkable adsorption capacity, which is attributed to its high specific surface area and abundant functional groups, enabling efficient Hg(II) ion removal from contaminated water sources. This review paper investigates the compelling potential of nanocellulose as a scavenging tool for Hg(II) ion contamination. The comprehensive examination encompasses the fundamental attributes of nanocellulose, its diverse fabrication techniques, and the innovative development methods of nanocellulose-based nanocomposites. The paper further delves into the mechanisms that underlie Hg removal using nanocellulose, as well as the integration of nanocellulose in Hg detection methodologies, and also acknowledges the substantial challenges that lie ahead. This review aims to pave the way for sustainable solutions in mitigating Hg contamination using nanocellulose-based nanocomposites to address the global context of this environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Chinnappa
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Pandi Prabha Srinivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Taluk, Chennai, 602117, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Yang C, Zhu Y, Tian Z, Zhang C, Han X, Jiang S, Liu K, Duan G. Preparation of nanocellulose and its applications in wound dressing: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127997. [PMID: 37949262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose, as a nanoscale polymer material, has garnered significant attention worldwide due to its numerous advantages including excellent biocompatibility, thermal stability, non-toxicity, large specific surface area, and good hydrophilicity. Various methods can be employed for the preparation of nanocellulose. Traditional approaches such as mechanical, chemical, and biological methods possess their own distinct characteristics and limitations. However, with the growing deterioration of our living environment, several green and environmentally friendly preparation techniques have emerged. These novel approaches adopt eco-friendly technologies or employ green reagents to achieve environmental sustainability. Simultaneously, there is a current research focus on optimizing traditional nanocellulose preparation methods while addressing their inherent drawbacks. The combination of mechanical and chemical methods compensates for the limitations associated with using either method alone. Nanocellulose is widely used in wound dressings owing to its exceptional properties, which can accelerate the wound healing process and reduce patient discomfort. In this paper, the principle, advantages and disadvantages of each preparation method of nanocellulose and the research findings in recent years are introduced Moreover, this review provides an overview of the utilization of nanocellulose in wound dressing applications. Finally, the prospective trends in its development alongside corresponding preparation techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yaqin Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhiwei Tian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Xiaoshuai Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Kunming Liu
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Gaigai Duan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Li X, Xiang Z, Dang W, Lin Z, Wang H, Wang H, Ye D, Yao R. High-yield and scalable cellulose nanomesh preparation via dilute acid vapor and enzymatic hydrolysis-mediated nanofabrication. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121370. [PMID: 37940267 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has received considerable attention in diverse research fields owing to its unique nanostructure-mediated physicochemical properties. However, classical acid hydrolysis usually destroys the microstructural integrity of cellulose, leading to the violent dissociation of cellulose into low-dimensional nanofibers and limiting the formation of intact structures with high specific surface areas. Herein, we have optimized the methodology of dilute acid vapor hydrolysis combined with the enzymatic hydrolysis (DAVE) method and investigated the pore formation mechanism of cellulose nanomesh (CNM). Benefiting from the selective nano-engraving effect of hydrochloric acid vapor on the amorphous region of cellulose followed by widening of the three-dimensional nanopores using enzymatic hydrolysis, confirmed by topographic, spectroscopic, and crystallographic tests, the as-prepared CNM, significantly different from the existing nanocellulose, exhibited improved specific surface area (98.37 m2/g), high yield (88.5 %), high crystallinity (73.4 %), and excellent thermal stability (375.4 °C). The proposed DAVE approach may open a new avenue for nanocellulose manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Zhongrun Xiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Wanting Dang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Zewan Lin
- College of Light Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Biomass Molecular Engineering Centre, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Huai Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China
| | - Huiqing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China.
| | - Dongdong Ye
- College of Light Textile Engineering and Art, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China; Biomass Molecular Engineering Centre, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Risheng Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, China.
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6
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Giraldo Isaza L, Mortha G, Marlin N, Molton F, Duboc C. ClO 2-Mediated Oxidation of the TEMPO Radical: Fundamental Considerations of the Catalytic System for the Oxidation of Cellulose Fibers. Molecules 2023; 28:6631. [PMID: 37764407 PMCID: PMC10535468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of ClO2-mediated TEMPO oxidation was investigated by EPR spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy in the context of an alternative TEMPO sequence for cellulose fiber oxidation. Without the presence of a cellulosic substrate, a reversibility between TEMPO and its oxidation product, TEMPO+, was displayed, with an effect of the pH and reagent molar ratios. The involvement of HOCl and Cl-, formed as byproducts in the oxidation mechanism, was also evidenced. Trapping HOCl partly inhibits the reaction, whereas adding methylglucoside, a cellulose model compound, inhibits the reversibility of the reaction to TEMPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giraldo Isaza
- Institute of Engineering, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gérard Mortha
- Institute of Engineering, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Marlin
- Institute of Engineering, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Florian Molton
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Carole Duboc
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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7
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O-chongpian P, Chaiwarit T, Jantanasakulwong K, Rachtanapun P, Worajittiphon P, Kantrong N, Jantrawut P. Surface-Modified Carboxylated Cellulose Nanofiber Hydrogels for Prolonged Release of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB) for Antimicrobial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3572. [PMID: 37688198 PMCID: PMC10490332 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface modification of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) using a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)/sodium bromide (NaBr)/sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) system was successful in improving their hydrophilicity. Following that, we fabricated hydrogels containing carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (c-CNFs) and loaded them with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) using a physical crosslinking method, aiming for efficient antimicrobial uses. The morphological and physicochemical properties of all hydrogel formulations were characterized, and the results revealed that the 7% c-CNFs-2 h loaded with PHMB formulation exhibited desirable characteristics such as regular shape, high porosity, good mechanical properties, suitable gel content, and a good maximum swelling degree. The successful integration of PHMB into the c-CNF matrix was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Furthermore, the 7% c-CNFs-2 h loaded with the PHMB formulation demonstrated PHMB contents exceeding 80% and exhibited a prolonged drug release pattern for up to 3 days. Moreover, this formulation displayed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, the novel approach of c-CNF hydrogels loaded with PHMB through physical crosslinking shows promise as a potential system for prolonged drug release in topical drug delivery while also exhibiting excellent antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichapar O-chongpian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.O.-c.); (T.C.)
| | - Tanpong Chaiwarit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.O.-c.); (T.C.)
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.J.); (P.R.)
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.J.); (P.R.)
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Patnarin Worajittiphon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | | | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.O.-c.); (T.C.)
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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8
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Ventura C, Pinto F, Lourenço AF, Pedrosa JFS, Fernandes SN, da Rosa RR, Godinho MH, Ferreira PJT, Louro H, Silva MJ. Assessing the Genotoxicity of Cellulose Nanomaterials in a Co-Culture of Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:986. [PMID: 37627871 PMCID: PMC10452089 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose micro/nanomaterials (CMNMs) are innovative materials with a wide spectrum of industrial and biomedical applications. Although cellulose has been recognized as a safe material, the unique properties of its nanosized forms have raised concerns about their safety for human health. Genotoxicity is an endpoint that must be assessed to ensure that no carcinogenic risks are associated with exposure to nanomaterials. In this study, we evaluated the genotoxicity of two types of cellulose micro/nanofibrils (CMF and CNF) and one sample of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), obtained from industrial bleached Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulp. For that, we exposed co-cultures of human alveolar epithelial A549 cells and THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages to a concentration range of each CMNM and used the micronucleus (MN) and comet assays. Our results showed that only the lowest concentrations of the CMF sample were able to induce DNA strand breaks (FPG-comet assay). However, none of the three CMNMs produced significant chromosomal alterations (MN assay). These findings, together with results from previous in vitro studies using monocultures of A549 cells, indicate that the tested CNF and CNC are not genotoxic under the conditions tested, while the CMF display a low genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Ventura
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.)
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fátima Pinto
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.)
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge F. S. Pedrosa
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pólo II, R. Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.F.S.P.); (P.J.T.F.)
| | - Susete N. Fernandes
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.N.F.); (R.R.d.R.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Rafaela R. da Rosa
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.N.F.); (R.R.d.R.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Maria Helena Godinho
- i3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.N.F.); (R.R.d.R.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Paulo J. T. Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pólo II, R. Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.F.S.P.); (P.J.T.F.)
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.)
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.)
- ToxOmics—Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
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9
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Paul J, Ahankari SS. Nanocellulose-based aerogels for water purification: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 309:120677. [PMID: 36906371 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Water purification using thin membranes at high pressures through adsorption and size exclusion is the widely used mechanism due to its simplicity and enhanced efficiency compared to other traditional water purification methods. Aerogels have the potential to replace conventional thin membranes considering their unmatched adsorption/absorption capacity and higher water flux due to their unique highly porous (99 %) 3D structure, ultra-low density (~1.1 to 500 mg/cm3), and very high surface area. The availability of a large number of functional groups, surface tunability, hydrophilicity, tensile strength and flexibility of nanocellulose (NC) makes it a potential candidate for aerogel preparation. This review discusses the preparation and employment of NC-based aerogels in the removal of dyes, metal ions and oils/organic solvents. It also offers recent updates on the effect of various parameters that enhance its adsorption/absorption performance. The future perspectives of NC aerogels and their performance with the emerging materials chitosan and graphene oxide are also compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyel Paul
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sandeep S Ahankari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
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10
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Zhang F, Shen R, Li N, Yang X, Lin D. Nanocellulose: An amazing nanomaterial with diverse applications in food science. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 304:120497. [PMID: 36641166 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, nanocellulose has gained growing interests in food science due to its many advantages including its broad resource of raw materials, renewability, interface stability, high surface area, mechanical strength, prebiotic characteristics, surface chemistry versatility and easy modification. Since then, this review summarized the sources, morphology, and structure characteristics of nanocellulose. Meanwhile, the mechanical, chemical, and combined treatment methods for the preparation of nanocellulose with desired properties were elaborated. Furthermore, the application of nanocellulose in Pickering emulsions, reinforced food packaging, functional food ingredient, food-grade hydrogels, and biosensors were emphasized. Finally, the safety, challenges, and future perspectives of nanocellulose were discussed. This work provided key developments and effective benefits of nanocellulose for future research opportunities in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Zhang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Dehui Lin
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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11
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Solhi L, Guccini V, Heise K, Solala I, Niinivaara E, Xu W, Mihhels K, Kröger M, Meng Z, Wohlert J, Tao H, Cranston ED, Kontturi E. Understanding Nanocellulose-Water Interactions: Turning a Detriment into an Asset. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1925-2015. [PMID: 36724185 PMCID: PMC9999435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern technology has enabled the isolation of nanocellulose from plant-based fibers, and the current trend focuses on utilizing nanocellulose in a broad range of sustainable materials applications. Water is generally seen as a detrimental component when in contact with nanocellulose-based materials, just like it is harmful for traditional cellulosic materials such as paper or cardboard. However, water is an integral component in plants, and many applications of nanocellulose already accept the presence of water or make use of it. This review gives a comprehensive account of nanocellulose-water interactions and their repercussions in all key areas of contemporary research: fundamental physical chemistry, chemical modification of nanocellulose, materials applications, and analytical methods to map the water interactions and the effect of water on a nanocellulose matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Solhi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Valentina Guccini
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Iina Solala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Elina Niinivaara
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, TurkuFI-20500, Finland
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Marcel Kröger
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Zhuojun Meng
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou325001, China
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Han Tao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
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12
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Luo Q, Shen H, Zhou G, Xu X. A mini-review on the dielectric properties of cellulose and nanocellulose-based materials as electronic components. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120449. [PMID: 36657840 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose-based materials have the advantages of renewable, non-toxic, flexible, and strong mechanical properties, so it of is great significance to study the dielectric properties of cellulose-based materials. In this paper, we summarized the factors influencing the dielectric properties of cellulose and nanocellulose-based dielectric and the ways to change the dielectric properties, mainly exploring the methods to improve the dielectric constant of cellulose-based dielectric materials. Cellulose and nanocellulose-based dielectric need to improve the hygroscopic property, increase the flexibility and reduce dielectric loss of the composite materials. This review summarizes the current state-of-art progress of new dielectric materials for green energy storage and flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiguan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huimin Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Research Institute, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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13
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As V, Kumar G, Dey N, Karunakaran R, K A, Patel AK, S T, Andaluri G, Lin YC, Santhana Raj D, Ponnusamy VK. Valorization of nano-based lignocellulosic derivatives to procure commercially significant value-added products for biomedical applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114400. [PMID: 36265604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biowaste, produced from nature, is preferred to be a good source of carbon and ligninolytic machinery for many microorganisms. They are complex biopolymers composed of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose traces. This biomass can be depolymerized to its nano-dimensions to gain exceptional properties useful in the field of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, high-strength materials, etc. Nano-sized biomass derivatives overcome the inherent drawbacks of the parent material and offer promises as a potential material for a wide range of applications with their unique traits such as low-toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability and environmentally friendly nature with versatility. This review focuses on the production of value-added products feasible from nanocellulose, nano lignin, and xylan nanoparticles which is quite a novel study of its kind. Dawn of nanotechnology has converted bio waste by-products (hemicellulose and lignin) into useful precursors for many commercial products. Nano-cellulose has been employed in the fields of electronics, cosmetics, drug delivery, scaffolds, fillers, packaging, and engineering structures. Xylan nanoparticles and nano lignin have numerous applications as stabilizers, additives, textiles, adhesives, emulsifiers, and prodrugs for many polyphenols with an encapsulation efficiency of 50%. This study will support the potential development of composites for emerging applications in all aspects of interest and open up novel paths for multifunctional biomaterials in nano-dimensions for cosmetic, drug carrier, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickram As
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nibedita Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Rohini Karunakaran
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Excellence in Biomaterials Engineering (CoEBE), AIMST University, 08100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia; Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Anbarasu K
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- PhD Program of Aquatic Science and Technology & Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (NKUST), Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Thanigaivel S
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gangadhar Andaluri
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung city, 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan.
| | - Deena Santhana Raj
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- PhD Program of Aquatic Science and Technology & Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (NKUST), Kaohsiung City, 81157, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, 804, Taiwan; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
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14
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The interaction between nanocellulose and microorganisms for new degradable packaging: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Li Z, Zhu G, Lin N. Dispersibility Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Polymeric-Based Composites. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4439-4468. [PMID: 36195577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are hydrophilic nanoparticles extracted from biomass with properties and functions different from cellulose and are being developed for property-oriented applications such as high stiffness, abundant active groups, and biocompatibility. It has broad application prospects in the field of composite materials, while the dispersibility of the CNC in polymers is the key to its application performance. Many reviews have discussed in-depth the modification strategies to improve the dispersibility of the CNC and summarized all characterization for the CNC, but there are no reviews on the in-depth exploration of dispersion characterization. This review is a comprehensive summary of the characterization of CNC dispersion in the matrix in terms of direct observation, indirect evaluation, and quantified evaluation, summarizing how and why different characterization tools reveal dispersibility. In addition, "decision tree" flowcharts are presented to provide the reader with a reference for selecting the appropriate characterization method for a specific composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
| | - Ge Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
| | - Ning Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road #122, Wuhan430070, P. R. China
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16
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Tom M, Thomas S, Seantier B, Grohens Y, Mohamed PK, Haponiuk JT, Kim J. APPROACHING SUSTAINABILITY: NANOCELLULOSE REINFORCED ELASTOMERS—A REVIEW. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.22.77013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Awareness of the environmental implications of conventional reinforcing fillers and the urge to reduce the carbon footprint have lead researchers to focus more on natural and sustainable materials. Nanocellulose from multitudinous sources finds use in elastomer engineering because of its distinctive properties, such as renewability, sustainability, abundance, biodegradability, high aspect ratio, excellent mechanical properties, and low cost. Green alternatives for conventional fillers in elastomer reinforcing have gained considerable interest to curb the risk of fillers from nonrenewable sources. The differences in properties of nanocellulose and elastomers render attractiveness in the search for synergistic properties resulting from their combination. This review addresses the isolation techniques for nanocellulose and challenges in its incorporation into the elastomer matrix. Surface modifications for solving incompatibility between filler and matrices are discussed. Processing of nanocomposites, various characterization techniques, mechanical behavior, and potential applications of nanocellulose elastomer composites are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milanta Tom
- 1 School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560
- 2 Université Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, 56100 Lorient, France
| | - Sabu Thomas
- 1 School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India 686560
- 3 Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa 17011
| | - Bastien Seantier
- 2 Université Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, 56100 Lorient, France
| | - Yves Grohens
- 2 Université Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, 56100 Lorient, France
| | - P. K. Mohamed
- 4 Global R&D Centre, Asia, Apollo Tyres Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 602105
| | - Józef T. Haponiuk
- 5 Department of Polymer Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland 80-233
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- 6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea 22212
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17
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Abdel‐Aal SK, Hassan ML, Abou Elseoud WS, Ward A. High‐lignin‐content rice straw cellulose nanofibers/graphene oxide nanocomposites films: Electrical and mechanical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad L. Hassan
- Cellulose and Paper Department & Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences National Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Wafaa S. Abou Elseoud
- Cellulose and Paper Department & Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences National Research Centre Giza Egypt
| | - Azza Ward
- Microwave Physics & Dielectrics Department National Research Centre Giza Egypt
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18
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Yu S, Zhao C, Wei J, Jia S, Chen P, Shao Z, Lyu S. Preparation of
BTCA
‐esterified cellulose nanocrystals and effects on mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Yu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
- Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
| | - Changjun Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Jie Wei
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Shuai Jia
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Pan Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Ziqiang Shao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and Its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Shaoyi Lyu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China
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19
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Zhang C, Wu J, Qiu X, Zhang J, Chang H, He H, Zhao L, Liu X. Enteromorpha cellulose micro-nanofibrils/poly(vinyl alcohol) based composite films with excellent hydrophilic, mechanical properties and improved thermal stability. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:229-242. [PMID: 35788004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the preparation of cellulose micro-nanofibrils (CMNFs) from Enteromorpha (EP) and the application in PVA/acetylated distarch phosphate (ADSP)/CMNFs composite films. The Micro-nano scale, hydrophilicity, and strong hydrogen bond characteristics of CMNFs prepared form EP by acid hydrolysis were confirmed through the granular statistics, XRD analysis and chemical structure analysis. With the addition of CMNFs, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break of composite films are increased by 42.4 % and 90.3 %. An original Weibull statistical analysis shows the impact of CMNFs' added amount on strength distribution and ultimate stress. SEM and polarizing microscope images show the CMNFs' dispersion state in that films is optimal, when their addition was to be 2 %-3 % of total dry weight of PVA/ADSP matrix, which is consistent with the results of Weibull modulus analysis. The main thermal weight-loss process of the composite film is divided into four stages, CMNFs can significantly increase the thermostability at 280 °C to 400 °C. The experiment of water contact angle and water vapor transmission rate of the composite films confirmed that CMNFs can improve films' hydrophilicity. This study provides basis for the preparation of hydrophilic CMNFs and mechanism of modification study PVA-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Xu Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Huiqi Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Haifeng He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Lifen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China.
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20
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Rai R, Dhar P. Biomedical engineering aspects of nanocellulose: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:362001. [PMID: 35576914 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6fef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose is one of the most abundant renewable biopolymer in nature and is present as major constituent in both plant cell walls as well as synthesized by some microorganisms as extracellular products. In both the systems, cellulose self-assembles into a hierarchical ordered architecture to form micro to nano-fibrillated structures, on basis of which it is classified into various forms. Nanocellulose (NCs) exist as rod-shaped highly crystalline cellulose nanocrystals to high aspect ratio cellulose nanofibers, micro-fibrillated cellulose and bacterial cellulose (BC), depending upon the origin, structural and morphological properties. Moreover, NCs have been processed into diversified products ranging from composite films, coatings, hydrogels, aerogels, xerogels, organogels, rheological modifiers, optically active birefringent colored films using traditional-to-advanced manufacturing techniques. With such versatility in structure-property, NCs have profound application in areas of healthcare, packaging, cosmetics, energy, food, electronics, bioremediation, and biomedicine with promising commercial potential. Herein this review, we highlight the recent advancements in synthesis, fabrication, processing of NCs, with strategic chemical modification routes to tailor its properties for targeted biomedical applications. We also study the basic mechanism and models for biosynthesis of cellulose in both plant and microbial systems and understand the structural insights of NC polymorphism. The kinetics study for both enzymatic/chemical modifications of NCs and microbial growth behavior of BC under various reactor configurations are studied. The challenges associated with the commercial aspects as well as industrial scale production of pristine and functionalized NCs to meet the growing demands of market are discussed and prospective strategies to mitigate them are described. Finally, post chemical modification evaluation of biological and inherent properties of NC are important to determine their efficacy for development of various products and technologies directed for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Rai
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
| | - Prodyut Dhar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
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21
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Pradhan D, Jaiswal AK, Jaiswal S. Emerging technologies for the production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 285:119258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Mosayebi M, Sadeghi GMM, Jamjah R. Synthesis of waterborne polyurethane nanocomposite adhesives of bio‐based polyol from rapeseed cake residual and cellulose nanowhisker. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mosayebi
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran Iran
| | - Gity Mir Mohamad Sadeghi
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran Iran
| | - Roghieh Jamjah
- Department of Polymer Engineering Polymer and Petrochemical Institute of Iran Tehran Iran
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23
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Insight into the extraction and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals from date pits. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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24
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Ng W, Chow W, Ismail H. Tensile, thermal and optical properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)/corn cob nanocellulose nanocomposite film. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1976204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W.K. Ng
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - W.S. Chow
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - H. Ismail
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
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25
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Wang L, Hui L, Su W. Superhydrophobic modification of nanocellulose based on an octadecylamine/dopamine system. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118710. [PMID: 34742435 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We prepared super-hydrophobic nanocellulose films using a non-toxic octadecylamine/polydopamine system. Octadecylamine, a low surface energy material, was used to provide hydrophobic alkyl long chains. Polydopamine was produced by dopamine under alkaline conditions, creating an adhesive substance, which reinforced the hydrophobic long chains and increased the surface roughness of nanocellulose. The effects of reagent concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time on hydrophobicity were then investigated. The results showed that with a 1:1 mass ratio of nanocellulose to octadecylamine, and reacting at 60 °C for 4 h, the contact angle of the obtained composite membrane reached 168.2°. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that the modified nanocellulose had a smaller particle size and more uniform distribution, which effectively improved the hydrophobicity of the nanocellulose. Thus, the green preparation of superhydrophobic films with high-temperature resistance and wear resistance was realized, which contributed to the high-value utilization of nanocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lanfeng Hui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Weiyin Su
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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26
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Mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibril papers and their bionanocomposites: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 273:118507. [PMID: 34560938 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) paper has various applications due to its unique advantages. Herein, we present the intrinsic mechanical properties of CNF papers, along with the preparation and properties of nanoparticle-reinforced CNF composite papers. The literature on CNF papers reveals a strong correlation between the intrafibrillar network structure and the resulting mechanical properties. This correlation is found to hold for all primary factors affecting mechanical properties, indicating that the performance of CNF materials depends directly on and can be tailored by controlling the intrafibrillar network of the system. The parameters that influence the mechanical properties of CNF papers were critically reviewed. Moreover, the effect on the mechanical properties by adding nanofillers to CNF papers to produce multifunctional composite products was discussed. We concluded this article with future perspectives and possible developments in CNFs and their bionanocomposite papers.
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27
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Wang L, Cui Q, Pan S, Li Y, Jin Y, Yang H, Li T, Zhang Q. Facile isolation of cellulose nanofibers from soybean residue. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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28
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Peng S, Luo Q, Zhou G, Xu X. Recent Advances on Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3247. [PMID: 34641062 PMCID: PMC8512496 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose, typically cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), has excellent properties and is widely used. In particular, CNC has a small dimension, high chemical reactivity, and high sustainability, which makes it an excellent candidate as a starting material to be converted into nanocellulose derivatives. Chemical modification is essential for obtaining the desired products; the modifications create different functional attachment levels and generate novel microstructures. Recent advances on nanocellulose derivatives have not yet been reviewed and evaluated for the last five years. Nanocellulose derivative materials are being used in a wide variety of high-quality functional applications. To meet these requirements, it is essential for researchers to fully understand CNCs and derivative materials, precisely their characteristics, synthesis methods, and chemical modification approaches. This paper discusses CNC and its derivatives concerning the structural characteristics, performance, and synthesis methods, comparing the pros and cons of these chemical modification approaches reported in recent years. This review also discusses the critical physicochemical properties of CNC derivative products, including solubility, wetting performance, and associated impacts on properties. Lastly, this paper also comments on the bottlenecks of nanocellulose derivatives in various applications and briefly discusses their future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.P.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiguan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.P.); (Q.L.)
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.P.); (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
- Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.P.); (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Guo X, Yao Y, Zhao H, Chi C, Zeng F, Qian F, Liu Z, Huo L, Lv Y. Environmental impacts of functional fillers in polylactide (PLA)-based bottles using life cycle assessment methodology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147852. [PMID: 34134360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of functional fillers added to PLA-based products can be beneficial in terms of cost reduction and properties improvement. The existing life cycle assessment of PLA containers mainly focuses on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of PLA material model without fillers, and overlooked environmental impacts of functional fillers and the significant environmental problem-shifting on other indicators. This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of cooking oil bottles made from PLA, PLA/Fibers and PLA/CaCO3 considering a wide spectrum impacts, and compares the environmental profile of them based on normalization and weighting analysis. The functional unit was set at 1000 bottles of 900 mL. The system boundary is from cradle to gate, including PLA-based particles production, bottle processing and transportation. The results showed that the contribution of the primary energy demand (PED) index of PLA-based bottles accounted for 159% to 192% of the global warming potential (GWP) index, which may be overlooked in previous studies. Compared to PLA and PLA/Fibers bottles, PLA/CaCO3 bottles have lower environmental impacts in most categories and the lowest integrated impact index. In terms of PLA/CaCO3 bottles, PLA particles and electricity contributed the most to energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) results, accounting for 63.09% and 28.26% to the integrated impacts index, respectively. The results imply that the use of fillers in PLA bottles tends to reduce the environmental impacts, especially calcium carbonate can efficiently minimize environmental impacts of PLA-based bottles. And PED, SO2 and NOX indicators ranking above CO2 should be taken into consideration to avoid the environmental problem-shifting, which can provide valuable reference for the creation of the method of making biodegradable plastic and carbon neutral policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yuan Yao
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hailong Zhao
- School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Cheng Chi
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fuhua Zeng
- School of West European Language, Chengdu Institute Sichuan International Studies University, Chengdu 611844, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fang Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Jilin COFCO Biochemistry Co., Ltd., National Engineering Research Center of Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130033, Jilin, PR China
| | - Lijiang Huo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanna Lv
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, PR China.
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Effect of the Micronization of Pulp Fibers on the Properties of Green Composites. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185594. [PMID: 34577065 PMCID: PMC8468071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Green composites, composed of bio-based matrices and natural fibers, are a sustainable alternative for composites based on conventional thermoplastics and glass fibers. In this work, micronized bleached Eucalyptus kraft pulp (BEKP) fibers were used as reinforcement in biopolymeric matrices, namely poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). The influence of the load and aspect ratio of the mechanically treated microfibers on the morphology, water uptake, melt flowability, and mechanical and thermal properties of the green composites were investigated. Increasing fiber loads raised the tensile and flexural moduli as well as the tensile strength of the composites, while decreasing their elongation at the break and melt flow rate. The reduced aspect ratio of the micronized fibers (in the range from 11.0 to 28.9) improved their embedment in the matrices, particularly for PHB, leading to superior mechanical performance and lower water uptake when compared with the composites with non-micronized pulp fibers. The overall results show that micronization is a simple and sustainable alternative for conventional chemical treatments in the manufacturing of entirely bio-based composites.
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Sridhara PK, Masso F, Olsén P, Vilaseca F. Strong Polyamide-6 Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanofibers Mediated by Green Solvent Mixtures. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082127. [PMID: 34443955 PMCID: PMC8401965 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as a bio-based reinforcement has attracted tremendous interests in engineering polymer composites. This study developed a sustainable approach to reinforce polyamide-6 or nylon-6 (PA6) with CNFs through solvent casting in formic acid/water mixtures. The methodology provides an energy-efficient pathway towards well-dispersed high-CNF content PA6 biocomposites. Nanocomposite formulations up to 50 wt.% of CNFs were prepared, and excellent improvements in the tensile properties were observed, with an increase in the elastic modulus from 1.5 to 4.2 GPa, and in the tensile strength from 46.3 to 124 MPa. The experimental tensile values were compared with the analytical values obtained by micromechanical models. Fractured surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy to examine the interface morphology. FTIR revealed strong hydrogen bonding at the interface, and the thermal parameters were determined using TGA and DSC, where the nanocomposites' crystallinity tended to reduce with the increase in the CNF content. In addition, nanocomposites showed good thermomechanical stability for all formulations. Overall, this work provides a facile fabrication pathway for high-CNF content nanocomposites of PA6 for high-performance and advanced material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pruthvi K. Sridhara
- Advanced Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Ferran Masso
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden; (F.M.); (P.O.)
| | - Peter Olsén
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden; (F.M.); (P.O.)
| | - Fabiola Vilaseca
- Advanced Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-667-292-597
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Serra-Parareda F, Tarrés Q, Mutjé P, Balea A, Campano C, Sánchez-Salvador JL, Negro C, Delgado-Aguilar M. Correlation between rheological measurements and morphological features of lignocellulosic micro/nanofibers from different softwood sources. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:789-799. [PMID: 34352317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The transition of nanocellulose production from laboratory to industrial scale requires robust monitoring systems that keeps a quality control along the production chain. The present work aims at providing a deeper insight on the main factors affecting the rheological behavior of (ligno)cellulose micro/nanofibers (LCMNFs) and cellulose micro/nanofibers (CMNFs) and how they could correlate with their characteristics. To this end, 20 types of LCMNFs and CMNFs were produced combining mechanical refining and high-pressure homogenization from different raw materials. Aspect ratio and bending capacity of the fibrils played a key role on increasing the viscosity of the suspensions by instigating the formation of entangled structures. Surface charge, reflected by the cationic demand, played opposing effects on the viscosity by reducing the fibrils' contact due to repulsive forces. The suspensions also showed increasing shear-thinning behavior with fibrillation degree, which was attributed to increased surface charge and higher water retention capacity, enabling the fibrils to slide past each other more easily when subjected to flow conditions. The present work elucidates the existing relationships between LCMNF/CMNF properties and their rheological behavior, considering fibrillation intensity and the initial raw material characteristics, in view of the potential of rheological measurements as an industrial scalable characterization technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferran Serra-Parareda
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research group, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61 - 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Quim Tarrés
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research group, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61 - 17003 Girona, Spain; Chair on Sustainable Industrial Processes, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 6, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Pere Mutjé
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research group, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61 - 17003 Girona, Spain; Chair on Sustainable Industrial Processes, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 6, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Ana Balea
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Campano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Sánchez-Salvador
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Negro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University Complutense of Madrid, Avda Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research group, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61 - 17003 Girona, Spain.
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Anankanbil S, Guo Z. Applications of nanocellulosic products in food: Manufacturing processes, structural features and multifaceted functionalities. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Shah SS, Shaikh MN, Khan MY, Alfasane MA, Rahman MM, Aziz MA. Present Status and Future Prospects of Jute in Nanotechnology: A Review. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1631-1665. [PMID: 34132038 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has transformed the world with its diverse applications, ranging from industrial developments to impacting our daily lives. It has multiple applications throughout financial sectors and enables the development of facilitating scientific endeavors with extensive commercial potentials. Nanomaterials, especially the ones which have shown biomedical and other health-related properties, have added new dimensions to the field of nanotechnology. Recently, the use of bioresources in nanotechnology has gained significant attention from the scientific community due to its 100 % eco-friendly features, availability, and low costs. In this context, jute offers a considerable potential. Globally, its plant produces the second most common natural cellulose fibers and a large amount of jute sticks as a byproduct. The main chemical compositions of jute fibers and sticks, which have a trace amount of ash content, are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This makes jute as an ideal source of pure nanocellulose, nano-lignin, and nanocarbon preparation. It has also been used as a source in the evolution of nanomaterials used in various applications. In addition, hemicellulose and lignin, which are extractable from jute fibers and sticks, could be utilized as a reductant/stabilizer for preparing other nanomaterials. This review highlights the status and prospects of jute in nanotechnology. Different research areas in which jute can be applied, such as in nanocellulose preparation, as scaffolds for other nanomaterials, catalysis, carbon preparation, life sciences, coatings, polymers, energy storage, drug delivery, fertilizer delivery, electrochemistry, reductant, and stabilizer for synthesizing other nanomaterials, petroleum industry, paper industry, polymeric nanocomposites, sensors, coatings, and electronics, have been summarized in detail. We hope that these prospects will serve as a precursor of jute-based nanotechnology research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shaheen Shah
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.,Physics Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Nasiruzzaman Shaikh
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Yusuf Khan
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Mizanur Rahman
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology (CENT), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), KFUPM Box 5040, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Picot-Allain MCN, Emmambux MN. Isolation, Characterization, and Application of Nanocellulose from Agro-industrial By-products: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1928689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Venkateshaiah A, Havlíček K, Timmins RL, Röhrl M, Wacławek S, Nguyen NHA, Černík M, Padil VVT, Agarwal S. Alkenyl succinic anhydride modified tree-gum kondagogu: A bio-based material with potential for food packaging. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118126. [PMID: 34044942 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tree gums are a class of abundantly available carbohydrate polymers that have not been explored thoroughly in film fabrication for food packaging. Films obtained from pristine tree gums are often brittle, hygroscopic, and lack mechanical strength. This study focuses on the chemical modification of gum kondagogu using long-chain alkenyl groups of dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA), an esterifying agent that introduces a 12-carbon hydrophobic chain to the kondagogu structure. The esterification reaction was confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of nano-cellulose as an additive on various film properties was investigated. The developed films were characterized for their mechanical, morphological, optical, barrier, antibacterial, and biodegradable properties. The inclusion of long-chain carbon groups acted as internal plasticizers and resulted in an amorphous structure with better film-forming ability, improved hydrophobicity, and higher elongation at break values. The modified films exhibited antibacterial properties and excellent biodegradability under aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Venkateshaiah
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Havlíček
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Renee L Timmins
- Inorganic Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universittsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Maximilian Röhrl
- Inorganic Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universittsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stanisław Wacławek
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Nhung H A Nguyen
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Vinod V T Padil
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CXI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentská 1402/2, Liberec 1 461 17, Czech Republic.
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Macromolecular Chemistry II, University of Bayreuth, Universittsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
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Zielińska D, Szentner K, Waśkiewicz A, Borysiak S. Production of Nanocellulose by Enzymatic Treatment for Application in Polymer Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092124. [PMID: 33922118 PMCID: PMC8122419 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, the scientific community around the world has devoted a lot of attention to the search for the best methods of obtaining nanocellulose. In this work, nanocellulose was obtained in enzymatic reactions with strictly defined dispersion and structural parameters in order to use it as a filler for polymers. The controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharide was carried out in the presence of cellulolytic enzymes from microscopic fungi-Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus sp. It has been shown that the efficiency of bioconversion of cellulose material depends on the type of enzymes used. The use of a complex of cellulases obtained from a fungus of the genus Trichoderma turned out to be an effective method of obtaining cellulose of nanometric dimensions with a very low polydispersity. The effect of cellulose enzymatic reactions was assessed using the technique of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a refractometric detector, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In the second stage, polypropylene composites with nanometric cellulose were obtained by extrusion and injection. It was found by means of X-ray diffraction, hot stage optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry that nanocellulose had a significant effect on the supermolecular structure, nucleation activity and the course of phase transitions of the obtained polymer nanocomposites. Moreover, the obtained nanocomposites are characterized by very good strength properties. This paper describes for the first time that the obtained cellulose nanofillers with defined parameters can be used for the production of polymer composites with a strictly defined polymorphic structure, which in turn may influence future decision making about obtaining materials with controllable properties, e.g., high flexibility, enabling the thermoforming process of packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Zielińska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Kinga Szentner
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60625 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60625 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Sławomir Borysiak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-616-653-549
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Hasan KMF, Horváth PG, Bak M, Alpár T. A state-of-the-art review on coir fiber-reinforced biocomposites. RSC Adv 2021; 11:10548-10571. [PMID: 35423548 PMCID: PMC8695778 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00231g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The coconut (Cocos nucifera) fruits are extensively grown in tropical countries. The use of coconut husk-derived coir fiber-reinforced biocomposites is on the rise nowadays due to the constantly increasing demand for sustainable, renewable, biodegradable, and recyclable materials. Generally, the coconut husk and shells are disposed of as waste materials; however, they can be utilized as prominent raw materials for environment-friendly biocomposite production. Coir fibers are strong and stiff, which are prerequisites for coir fiber-reinforced biocomposite materials. However, as a bio-based material, the produced biocomposites have various performance characteristics because of the inhomogeneous coir material characteristics. Coir materials are reinforced with different thermoplastic, thermosetting, and cement-based materials to produce biocomposites. Coir fiber-reinforced composites provide superior mechanical, thermal, and physical properties, which make them outstanding materials as compared to synthetic fiber-reinforced composites. However, the mechanical performances of coconut fiber-reinforced composites could be enhanced by pretreating the surfaces of coir fiber. This review provides an overview of coir fiber and the associated composites along with their feasible fabrication methods and surface treatments in terms of their morphological, thermal, mechanical, and physical properties. Furthermore, this study facilitates the industrial production of coir fiber-reinforced biocomposites through the efficient utilization of coir husk-generated fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Faridul Hasan
- Simonyi Károly Faculty of Engineering, University of Sopron Sopron Hungary
| | | | - Miklós Bak
- Simonyi Károly Faculty of Engineering, University of Sopron Sopron Hungary
| | - Tibor Alpár
- Simonyi Károly Faculty of Engineering, University of Sopron Sopron Hungary
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Choi J, Kang J, Yun SI. Nanofibrous Foams of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite Fabricated Using Nonsolvent-Induced Phase Separation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:1173-1182. [PMID: 33435675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated nanofibrous foams of neat poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and PHB/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) nanocomposite using nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) followed by solvent extraction. Two different nonsolvents, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,4-dioxane (Diox), in combination with the solvent, chloroform (CF), were used for NIPS. The parameters of NIPS-derived crystallization kinetics were calculated using Avrami analysis of time-dependent infrared spectral measurements. The lower viscosity and poorer PHB affinity of THF than those of Diox resulted in rapid crystallization and gelation rate, which in turn resulted in higher strength of the foam. The mechanical reinforcement by the incorporation of CNCs was achieved for the composite foam prepared in Diox/CF but not in THF/CF, owing to the relatively better dispersion of the CNCs in Diox than that in THF. A rapid rate of NIPS-derived crystallization and gelation was achieved in THF/CF with the incorporation of CNCs, indicating the effective crystal nucleation of CNCs. However, the presence of CNCs deaccelerated the crystallization in Diox/CF, indicating that the inhibition effect of PHB mobility became more dominant than the nucleation effect of CNCs; this was because the CNC dispersion became more homogeneous in Diox/CF. In vitro cell viability assays exhibited excellent cytocompatibility of the foams, thereby showing potential for use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Il Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
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Yu S, Sun J, Shi Y, Wang Q, Wu J, Liu J. Nanocellulose from various biomass wastes: Its preparation and potential usages towards the high value-added products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 5:100077. [PMID: 36158608 PMCID: PMC9488076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2020.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Biomass waste comes from a wide range of sources, such as forest, agricultural, algae wastes, as well as other relevant industrial by-products. It is an important alternative energy source as well as a unique source for various bioproducts applied in many fields. For the past two decades, how to reuse, recycle and best recover various biomass wastes for high value-added bioproducts has received significant attention, which has not only come from various academia communities but also from many civil and medical industries. To summarize one of the cutting-edge technologies applied with nanocellulose biomaterials, this review focused on various preparation methods and strategies to make nanocellulose from diverse biomass wastes and their potential applications in biomedical areas and other promising new fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Yu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yifei Shi
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 250353, Jinan, China
- Corresponding author. Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013, Zhenjiang, China.
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Research Progress and Development Demand of Nanocellulose Reinforced Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092113. [PMID: 32957464 PMCID: PMC7570232 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose is a type of nanomaterial with high strength, high specific surface area and high surface energy. Additionally, it is nontoxic, harmless, biocompatible and environmentally friendly and can be extracted from biomass resources. The surface groups of cellulose show high surface energy and binding activity on the nanoscale and can be modified by using various methods. Because nanocellulose has a high elastic modulus, rigidity and a low thermal expansion coefficient, it is an excellent material for polymer reinforcement. This paper summarizes the reinforcement mechanisms of nanocellulose polymer composites with a focus on the role of theoretical models in elucidating these mechanisms. Furthermore, the influence of various factors on the properties of nanocellulose reinforced polymer composites are discussed in combination with analyses and comparisons of specific research results in related fields. Finally, research focus and development directions for the design of high-performance nanocellulose reinforced polymer composites are proposed.
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Teo HL, Wahab RA. Towards an eco-friendly deconstruction of agro-industrial biomass and preparation of renewable cellulose nanomaterials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1414-1430. [PMID: 32791266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an array of methodologies to prepare nanocellulose (NC) and its fibrillated form (CNF) with enhanced physicochemical characteristics. However, acids, bases or organosolv treatments on biomass are far from green, and seriously threaten the environment. Current approach to produce NC/CNF from biomass should be revised and embrace the concept of sustainability and green chemistry. Although hydrothermal process, high-pressure homogenization, ball milling technique, deep eutectic solvent treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis etc., are the current techniques for producing NC, the route designs remain imperfect. Herein, this review highlights the latest methodologies in the pre-processing and isolating of NC/CNF from lignocellulose biomass, by largely focusing on related papers published in the past two years till date. This article also explores the latest advancements in environmentally friendly NC extraction techniques that cooperatively use ball milling and enzymatic hydrolytic routes as an eco-efficient way to produce NC/CNF, alongside the potential applications of the nano-sized celluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Li Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
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Properties of poly (l-lactic acid) reinforced by l-lactic acid grafted nanocellulose crystal. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:314-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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44
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Chen W, Yuan Y, Chen Y. Visualized Bond Scission in Mechanochemiluminescent Polymethyl Acrylate/Cellulose Nanocrystals Composites. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:438-442. [PMID: 35648498 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of nanocomposites based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and polymethyl acrylate (PMA) with covalently incorporated 1,2-dioxetane as a luminescent mechanophore were prepared. Through surface-initiated single-electron transfer radical polymerization, the CNCs nanofiller offers good compatibility with polymer matrix. As a consequence, all the composite materials exhibit reinforced mechanical properties with increased stiffness and strength. Most importantly, 1,2-dioxetane is demonstrated as a sensitive platform to characterize the dissipation pathway of fracture energy, as well as the polymer chain scission in the Mullins effect within these polymer nanocomposites. The combined use of mechanical macroscopic testing and molecular bond scission data herein provides detailed information on how force distributes and failure occurs in complex soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People’s Republic of China
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Nanostructured and surface functionalized corncob as unique adsorbents for anionic dye remediation. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Adsorption Behaviour of Rhodamine B on Hen Feather and Corn Starch Functionalized with Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Mediated with Cocoa Pods Extracts. CHEMISTRY AFRICA-A JOURNAL OF THE TUNISIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-019-00113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zanette RSS, de Almeida LBF, Souza NLGD, de Almeida CG, de Oliveira LFC, de Matos EM, Gern JC, Brandão HM, Munk M. Cotton cellulose nanofiber/chitosan nanocomposite: characterization and evaluation of cytocompatibility. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:1489-1504. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1646627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nelson L. G. D. Souza
- Department of Exact Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Tocantins, Chácaras, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elyabe M. de Matos
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | | | - Michele Munk
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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