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Yang TH, Gao WC, Ma X, Liu Q, Pang PP, Zheng YT, Jia Y, Zheng CB. A Review on The Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease of Flaviviridea Viruses Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:365. [PMID: 38543730 PMCID: PMC10974792 DOI: 10.3390/v16030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the Flaviviridae family, encompassing the Flavivirus and Hepacivirus genera, are implicated in a spectrum of severe human pathologies. These diseases span a diverse spectrum, including hepatitis, vascular shock syndrome, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and adverse fetal outcomes, such as congenital heart defects and increased mortality rates. Notably, infections by Flaviviridae viruses have been associated with substantial cardiovascular compromise, yet the exploration into the attendant cardiovascular sequelae and underlying mechanisms remains relatively underexplored. This review aims to explore the epidemiology of Flaviviridae virus infections and synthesize their cardiovascular morbidities. Leveraging current research trajectories and our investigative contributions, we aspire to construct a cogent theoretical framework elucidating the pathogenesis of Flaviviridae-induced cardiovascular injury and illuminate prospective therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Hua Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (T.-H.Y.); (P.-P.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Diseases Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.M.); (Y.-T.Z.)
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Wen-Cong Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Diseases Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.M.); (Y.-T.Z.)
- College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Pan-Pan Pang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (T.-H.Y.); (P.-P.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Diseases Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.M.); (Y.-T.Z.)
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Diseases Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.M.); (Y.-T.Z.)
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yinnong Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Chang-Bo Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China;
- College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
- Yunnan Vaccine Laboratory, Kunming 650500, China
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Vedpathak S, Sharma A, Palkar S, Bhatt VR, Patil VC, Kakrani AL, Mishra A, Bhosle D, Arankalle VA, Shrivastava S. Platelet derived exosomes disrupt endothelial cell monolayer integrity and enhance vascular inflammation in dengue patients. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1285162. [PMID: 38235130 PMCID: PMC10791899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1285162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombocytopenia is the most notable phenomenon in dengue. Activation status of platelets and interaction of platelets with endothelium contribute towards dengue disease pathogenesis. Platelets are the major cell types known to release extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes in circulation. However, the role of platelet derived exosomes (PLT-EXOs) in endothelial dysfunction during dengue infection remains unknown. Methods In this study, we recruited 28 healthy subjects and 69 dengue patients categorized as WS- (n=31), WS+ (n=29) and SD (n=9). Platelets were isolated from platelet rich plasma of dengue patients and their activation was assessed by flow cytometry. PLT-EXOs were isolated by ultracentrifugation method. Western blot analyses were performed to characterize the exosomes. Exosome uptake experiment was carried out to see the internalization of exosomes inside endothelial cells (HUVECs). To observe the effect of exosomes on endothelial cells, exosomes were added on HUVECs and expression of adherens and tight junctional proteins were examined by immunofluorescence assay and western blot. Expression levels of vascular injury markers were measured in the culture supernatants of Exosome-HUVEC coculture and sera of dengue patients by MSD-multiplex assay. Results As compared to healthy subjects, CD41/CD61 expression was significantly reduced (p<0.0001) and CD62p expression was significantly increased (p<0.0001) on platelets in dengue patients. PLT-EXOs isolated from the dengue patients showed higher expression of CD63 and CD9 proteins than the healthy subjects. With in-vitro immunofluorescence assays, we illustrated the internalization of PLT-EXOs by the HUVECs and observed disruption of endothelial cell monolayer integrity in the presence of PLT-EXOs from WS+ and SD patients. Furthermore, the significant reduction in the expressions of ZO-2, VE-Cadherin and CD31 in endothelial cells following exposure to PLT-EXOs from the dengue patients provide direct evidence of PLT-EXOs mediated vascular permeability. PLT-EXOs stimulated the release of inflammatory markers CRP, SAA, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 in the supernatants of HUVEC cells. Importantly, significantly higher levels of CRP, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 in the sera of severe than mild dengue patients (p<0.0001) suggest their role in disease severity. Conclusions In summary, our data suggest that PLT-EXOs promote vascular leakage via release of proinflammatory mediators and compromise vascular barrier integrity in dengue patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayali Vedpathak
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Archana Sharma
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sonali Palkar
- Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Varsha R. Bhatt
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Vishwanath Chandrashekhar Patil
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Arjun L. Kakrani
- Department of Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Dr. D .Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - AkhileshChandra Mishra
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Deepak Bhosle
- Department of Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Vidya A. Arankalle
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Shubham Shrivastava
- Department of Communicable Diseases, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
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Singh S, Alallah J, Amrit A, Maheshwari A, Boppana S. Neurological Manifestations of Perinatal Dengue. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2023; 2:158-172. [PMID: 37559696 PMCID: PMC10411360 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family Flaviviridae. There are four distinct antigenically related serotypes, DENVs types 1, 2, 3, and 4. These are all mosquito-borne human pathogens. Congenital dengue disease occurs when there is mother-to-fetus transmission of the virus and should be suspected in endemic regions in neonates presenting with fever, maculopapular rash, and thrombocytopenia. Although most of the infected infants remain asymptomatic, some can develop clinical manifestations such as sepsis-like illness, gastric bleeding, circulatory failure, and death. Neurological manifestations include intracerebral hemorrhages, neurological malformations, and acute focal/disseminated encephalitis/encephalomyelitis. Dengue NS1Ag, a highly conserved glycoprotein, can help the detection of cases in the viremic stage. We do not have proven specific therapies yet; management is largely supportive and is focused on close monitoring and maintaining adequate intravascular volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jubara Alallah
- Department of Pediatrics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Astha Amrit
- Department of Neonatology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal Medicine, Louisiana State University – Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Global Newborn Society, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Suresh Boppana
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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Endothelial Dysfunction, HMGB1, and Dengue: An Enigma to Solve. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081765. [PMID: 36016387 PMCID: PMC9414358 DOI: 10.3390/v14081765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a viral infection caused by dengue virus (DENV), which has a significant impact on public health worldwide. Although most infections are asymptomatic, a series of severe clinical manifestations such as hemorrhage and plasma leakage can occur during the severe presentation of the disease. This suggests that the virus or host immune response may affect the protective function of endothelial barriers, ultimately being considered the most relevant event in severe and fatal dengue pathogenesis. The mechanisms that induce these alterations are diverse. It has been suggested that the high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) may be involved in endothelial dysfunction. This non-histone nuclear protein has different immunomodulatory activities and belongs to the alarmin group. High concentrations of HMGB1 have been detected in patients with several infectious diseases, including dengue, and it could be considered as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of dengue and a predictor of complications of the disease. This review summarizes the main features of dengue infection and describes the known causes associated with endothelial dysfunction, highlighting the involvement and possible relationship between HMGB1 and DENV.
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Misra U, Kalita J. Changing spectrum of acute encephalitis syndrome in India and a syndromic approach. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:354-366. [PMID: 35936627 PMCID: PMC9350753 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_1117_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) refers to an acute onset of fever and clinical neurological manifestation that includes mental confusion, disorientation, delirium, or coma, which may occur because of infectious or non-infectious causes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis generally favors infectious etiology, and a normal CSF favors an encephalopathy or non-infectious AES. Among the infectious AES, viral, bacterial, rickettsial, fungal, and parasitic causes are the commonest. Geographical and seasonal clustering and other epidemiological characteristics are important in clinical decision making. Clinical markers like eschar, skin rash, myalgia, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, liver and kidney dysfunction, elevated serum CK, fronto-temporal or thalamic involvement on MRI, and anterior horn cell involvement are invaluable clues for the etiological diagnosis. Categorizing the AES cases into neurologic [Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), Japanese encephalitis (JE), and West Nile encephalitis (WNE)] and systemic (scrub typhus, malaria, dengue, and Chikungunya) helps in rational utilization of diagnostic and management resources. In neurological AES, cranial CT/MRI revealing frontotemporal lesion is consistent with HSE, and thalamic and basal ganglia lesions are consistent with JE. Cerebrospinal fluid nucleic acid detection test or IgM antibody for JE and HSE are confirmatory. Presence of frontotemporal involvement on MRI indicates acyclovir treatment pending virological confirmation. In systemic AES, CT/MRI, PCR for HSE and JE, and acyclovir therapy may not be useful, rather treatable etiologies such as malaria, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis should be looked for. If smear or antigen for malaria is positive, should receive antimalarial, if negative doxycycline and ceftriaxone should be started pending serological confirmation of scrub typhus, leptospira, or dengue. A syndromic approach of AES based on the prevalent infection in a geographical region may be developed, which may be cost-effective.
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Endothelial Dysfunction as a Primary Consequence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1321:33-43. [PMID: 33656711 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of different viral species are known to have effects on the endothelium. These include dengue, Ebola, Marburg, Lassa fever, yellow fever and influenza viruses, cytomegalovirus and coronaviruses. There are currently seven human endemic coronaviruses, all of which cause respiratory diseases and bind to receptors found within the endothelium. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious. Like its predecessor, SARS-CoV, it binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), which is expressed in many cell types, particularly in the lung, including endothelial cells. The initiation of a cytokine storm by the virus along with infection of endothelial cells leads to apoptosis and structural and functional changes that attenuate vascular integrity in many organs including the lungs, heart, liver and kidney. Endothelial damage also enhances the coagulation pathway leading to thrombus formation in major vessels and capillaries. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 has an adverse outcome for individuals with particular comorbid diseases, e.g. hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It is possible that this is due to the presence of pre-existing endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation in subjects with these diseases. Therapies for COVID-19 that target the endothelium, the inflammatory response and the coagulation pathway are currently under trial.
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Halstead SB, Russell PK, Brandt WE. NS1, Dengue's Dagger. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:857-860. [PMID: 30783665 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Halstead
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Philip K Russell
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Walter E Brandt
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Correlation of host inflammatory cytokines and immune-related metabolites, but not viral NS1 protein, with disease severity of dengue virus infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237141. [PMID: 32764789 PMCID: PMC7413495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe dengue can be lethal caused by manifestations such as severe bleeding, fluid accumulation and organ impairment. This study aimed to investigate the role of dengue non-structural 1 (NS1) protein and host factors contributing to severe dengue. Electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing system was used to investigate the changes in barrier function of microvascular endothelial cells treated NS1 protein and serum samples from patients with different disease severity. Cytokines and metabolites profiles were assessed using a multiplex cytokine assay and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry respectively. The findings showed that NS1 was able to induce the loss of barrier function in microvascular endothelium in a dose dependent manner, however, the level of NS1 in serum samples did not correlate with the extent of vascular leakage induced. Further assessment of host factors revealed that cytokines such as CCL2, CCL5, CCL20 and CXCL1, as well as adhesion molecule ICAM-1, that are involved in leukocytes infiltration were expressed higher in dengue patients in comparison to healthy individuals. In addition, metabolomics study revealed the presence of deregulated metabolites involved in the phospholipid metabolism pathway in patients with severe manifestations. In conclusion, disease severity in dengue virus infection did not correlate directly with NS1 level, but instead with host factors that are involved in the regulation of junctional integrity and phospholipid metabolism. However, as the studied population was relatively small in this study, these exploratory findings should be confirmed by expanding the sample size using an independent cohort to further establish the significance of this study.
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Abstract
Dengue fever is a clinical entity well known for its haemorrhagic complications whose pathophysiology, though not completely understood, may be linked to a systemic inflammatory state caused by the infection itself. Even if rarely described, inflammation may lead as well to thromboembolic manifestations, as in the case we report here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Poletto
- Universita degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Medicina, Padua, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Cerruti
- Universita degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Medicina, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Spiezia
- Universita degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Medicina, Padua, Italy
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Vitoria WO, Thomé LS, Kanashiro-Galo L, Carvalho LVD, Penny R, Santos WLC, Vasconcelos PFDC, Sotto MN, Duarte MIS, Quaresma JAS, Pagliari C. Upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in renal tissue in severe dengue in humans: Effects on endothelial activation/dysfunction. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180353. [PMID: 31778418 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0353-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue is an important mosquito-borne disease in tropical and subtropical regions. Adhesion molecules have not been systematically characterized in the renal tissue of patients with severe dengue (SD). The objective of this study was to detect viral antigens in samples from patients that evolved with SD, correlating with the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, VE-cadherin, and E-selectin to contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of SD. METHODS Kidney specimens from patients with SD were selected according to clinical and laboratorial data and submitted to histological and immunohistochemistry analysis. A semiquantitative evaluation was performed considering positive immunostaining in 20 glomeruli. RESULTS Viral antigens were mainly detected in distal tubules. The intense immunostaining of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was observed. The expression of E-selectin was discrete, and VE-cadherin expression varied from mild to moderate. VCAM-1 was slightly intense in the glomerular capsule; the expression of ICAM-1 was diffuse. E-selectin was diffuse, and VE-cadherin varied from mild to moderate. The most frequent histological findings were glomerular congestion, mild glomerulitis, acute renal injury, and glomerular atrophy. CONCLUSIONS The results appear to demonstrate an imbalance between vascular endothelial permeability regulating events in renal lesions in SD. The increase in the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 is an in-situ indicator of higher permeability with a consequent influx of cells favoring the inflammation of the endothelium. These molecules are important in the pathophysiology of the disease and provide the possibility of developing new markers for the evaluation, clinical follow-up, and therapeutic response of patients with SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Webster Oliveira Vitoria
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Letícia Silva Thomé
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luciane Kanashiro-Galo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mirian Nacagami Sotto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Irma Seixas Duarte
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Carla Pagliari
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Herath H, Udeshika W, Samarawickrama S, Yogendranathan N, Jayamali W, Kulatunga A, Rodrigo C. Prediction of plasma leakage phase of dengue in resource limited settings. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Calderón-Peláez MA, Velandia-Romero ML, Bastidas-Legarda LY, Beltrán EO, Camacho-Ortega SJ, Castellanos JE. Dengue Virus Infection of Blood-Brain Barrier Cells: Consequences of Severe Disease. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1435. [PMID: 31293558 PMCID: PMC6606788 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 500 million people worldwide are infected each year by any of the four-dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. The clinical spectrum caused during these infections is wide and some patients may develop neurological alterations during or after the infection, which could be explained by the cryptic neurotropic and neurovirulent features of flaviviruses like DENV. Using in vivo and in vitro models, researchers have demonstrated that DENV can affect the cells from the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in several ways, which could result in brain tissue damage, neuronal loss, glial activation, tissue inflammation and hemorrhages. The latter suggests that BBB may be compromised during infection; however, it is not clear whether the damage is due to the infection per se or to the local and/or systemic inflammatory response established or activated by the BBB cells. Similarly, the kinetics and cascade of events that trigger tissue damage, and the cells that initiate it, are unknown. This review presents evidence of the BBB cell infection with DENV and the response established toward it by these cells; it also describes the consequences of this response on the nervous tissue, compares these evidence with the one reported with neurotropic viruses of the Flaviviridae family, and shows the complexity and unpredictability of dengue and the neurological alterations induced by it. Clinical evidence and in vitro and in vivo models suggest that this virus uses the bloodstream to enter nerve tissue where it infects the different cells of the neurovascular unit. Each of the cell populations respond individually and collectively and control infection and inflammation, in other cases this response exacerbates the damage leaving irreversible sequelae or causing death. This information will allow us to understand more about the complex disease known as dengue, and its impact on a specialized and delicate tissue like is the nervous tissue.
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Versteege T, Karyanti MR, Septiani W, Widjanarko AL, Idris NS, Hendarto A, Grobbee DE, Burgner D, Uiterwaal CSPM, Bruijning-Verhagen PCJL. Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children with a History of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 100:630-634. [PMID: 30675845 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and arterial stiffness in 28 children and adolescents with previous dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) (mean interval between DHF and cardiovascular assessment, 8.4 years), and 34 controls in a low-resource setting. Participants with previous DHF had an adjusted increased cIMT of 42.6 µm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.0-75.3, P = 0.01), and 61.7 µm (95% CI: 21.5-102.0, P < 0.01) in a subgroup analysis on dengue shock syndrome. There were no differences in arterial stiffness. In this first exploratory study, children and adolescents with a history of DHF had an increased cIMT, which may be modulated by dengue severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Versteege
- Julius Global Health/Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mulya R Karyanti
- Department of Pediatrics, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Witri Septiani
- Department of Pediatrics, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Annisa L Widjanarko
- Department of Pediatrics, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nikmah S Idris
- Department of Pediatrics, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Julius Global Health/Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aryono Hendarto
- Department of Pediatrics, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Global Health/Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David Burgner
- Department of Pediatrics, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cuno S P M Uiterwaal
- Julius Global Health/Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia C J L Bruijning-Verhagen
- Julius Global Health/Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Odendaal L, Clift SJ, Fosgate GT, Davis AS. Lesions and Cellular Tropism of Natural Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection in Adult Sheep. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:61-77. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985818806049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne disease that affects both ruminants and humans, with epidemics occurring more frequently in recent years in Africa and the Middle East, probably as a result of climate change and intensified livestock trade. Sheep necropsied during the 2010 RVF outbreak in South Africa were examined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). A total of 124 sheep were available for study, of which 99 cases were positive for RVF. Multifocal-random, necrotizing hepatitis was confirmed as the most distinctive lesion of RVF cases in adult sheep. Of cases where liver, spleen, and kidney tissues were available, 45 of 70 had foci of acute renal tubular epithelial injury in addition to necrosis in both the liver and spleen. In some cases, acute renal injury was the most significant RVF lesion. Immunolabeling for RVFV was most consistent and unequivocal in liver, followed by spleen, kidney, lung, and skin. RVFV antigen-positive cells included hepatocytes, adrenocortical epithelial cells, renal tubular epithelial cells, macrophages, neutrophils, epidermal keratinocytes, microvascular endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle. The minimum set of specimens to be submitted for histopathology and IHC to confirm or exclude a diagnosis of RVFV are liver, spleen, and kidney. Skin from areas with visible crusts and lung could be useful additional samples. In endemic areas, cases of acute renal tubular injury should be investigated further if other more common causes of renal lesions have already been excluded. RVFV can also cause an acute infection in the testis, which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieza Odendaal
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Sarah J. Clift
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Geoffrey T. Fosgate
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - A. Sally Davis
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Abstract
Endothelins were discovered more than thirty years ago as potent vasoactive compounds. Beyond their well-documented cardiovascular properties, however, the contributions of the endothelin pathway have been demonstrated in several neuroinflammatory processes and the peptides have been reported as clinically relevant biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases. Several studies report that endothelin-1 significantly contributes to the progression of neuroinflammatory processes, particularly during infections in the central nervous system (CNS), and is associated with a loss of endothelial integrity at the blood brain barrier level. Because of the paucity of clinical trials with endothelin-1 antagonists in several infectious and non-infectious neuroinflammatory diseases, it remains an open question whether the 21 amino acid peptide is a mediator/modulator rather than a biomarker of the progression of neurodegeneration. This review focuses on the potential roles of endothelins in the pathology of neuroinflammatory processes, including infectious diseases of viral, bacterial or parasitic origin in which the synthesis of endothelins or its pharmacology have been investigated from the cell to the bedside in several cases, as well as in non-infectious inflammatory processes such as neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimers Disease or central nervous system vasculitis.
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de St. Maurice A, Harmon J, Nyakarahuka L, Balinandi S, Tumusiime A, Kyondo J, Mulei S, Namutebi A, Knust B, Shoemaker T, Nichol ST, McElroy AK, Spiropoulou CF. Rift valley fever viral load correlates with the human inflammatory response and coagulation pathway abnormalities in humans with hemorrhagic manifestations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006460. [PMID: 29727450 PMCID: PMC5955566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus is an arbovirus that affects both livestock and humans throughout Africa and in the Middle East. Despite its endemicity throughout Africa, it is a rare event to identify an infected individual during the acute phase of the disease and an even rarer event to collect serial blood samples from the affected patient. Severely affected patients can present with hemorrhagic manifestations of disease. In this study we identified three Ugandan men with RVFV disease that was accompanied by hemorrhagic manifestations. Serial blood samples from these men were analyzed for a series of biomarkers specific for various aspects of human pathophysiology including inflammation, endothelial function and coagulopathy. There were significant differences between biomarker levels in controls and cases both early during the illness and after clearance of viremia. Positive correlation of viral load with markers of inflammation (IP-10, CRP, Eotaxin, MCP-2 and Granzyme B), markers of fibrinolysis (tPA and D-dimer), and markers of endothelial function (sICAM-1) were all noted. However, and perhaps most interesting given the fact that these individuals exhibited hemorrhagic manifestations of disease, was the finding of a negative correlation between viral load and P-selectin, ADAMTS13, and fibrinogen all of which are associated with coagulation pathways occurring on the endothelial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle de St. Maurice
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- University of California Los Angeles, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jessica Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Sophia Mulei
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Barbara Knust
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Trevor Shoemaker
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Anita K. McElroy
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, US CDC, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Xavier-Carvalho C, Cardoso CC, de Souza Kehdy F, Pacheco AG, Moraes MO. Host genetics and dengue fever. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 56:99-110. [PMID: 29133029 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a major worldwide problem in tropical and subtropical areas; it is caused by four different viral serotypes, and it can manifest as asymptomatic, mild, or severe. Many factors interact to determine the severity of the disease, including the genetic profile of the infected patient. However, the mechanisms that lead to severe disease and eventually death have not been determined, and a great challenge is the early identification of patients who are more likely to progress to a worse health condition. Studies performed in regions with cyclic outbreaks such as Cuba, Brazil, and Colombia have demonstrated that African ancestry confers protection against severe dengue. Highlighting the host genetics as an important factor in infectious diseases, a large number of association studies between genetic polymorphisms and dengue outcomes have been published in the last two decades. The most widely used approach involves case-control studies with candidate genes, such as the HLA locus and genes for receptors, cytokines, and other immune mediators. Additionally, a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) identified SNPs associated with African ethnicity that had not previously been identified in case-control studies. Despite the increasing number of publications in America, Africa, and Asia, the results are quite controversial, and a meta-analysis is needed to assess the consensus among the studies. SNPs in the MICB, TNF, CD209, FcγRIIA, TPSAB1, CLEC5A, IL10 and PLCE1 genes are associated with the risk or protection of severe dengue, and the findings have been replicated in different populations. A thorough understanding of the viral, human genetic, and immunological mechanisms of dengue and how they interact is essential for effectively preventing dengue, but also managing and treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia Chester Cardoso
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Fialho LG, da Silva VP, Reis SRNI, Azeredo EL, Kaplan MAC, Figueiredo MR, Kubelka CF. Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects of Norantea brasiliensis Choisy on Dengue Virus-2. Intervirology 2017; 59:217-227. [PMID: 28329744 DOI: 10.1159/000455855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Severe dengue fever is a result of exacerbated immune responses and no specific treatments are available. We evaluated the antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of Norantea brasiliensis Choisy. METHODS Human adherent monocytes infected in vitro with dengue virus (DENV)-2 were incubated with the crude ethanol extract from leaves (NB1) or 3 derived fractions: dichloromethane (NB3), ethyl acetate (NB5), and butanolic (NB6) partitions. The antiviral and immunomodulatory activities were determined by intracellular detection of DENV antigen within monocytes and by secreted NS1 viral protein and cytokines. RESULTS The crude extract alone exhibited both antiviral activities (intracellular and secreted antigens) and all fractions derived from this extract modulated NS1 production. Regarding the immunomodulatory effect, among the secreted factors, TNF-α was inhibited by NB3 and NB6; IL-6 was inhibited by NB1, NB3, and NB6; IL-10 by NB1 and NB3; and IFN-α by NB6. The crude extract (NB1) presented the best antiviral effect, whereas the dichloromethane fraction (NB3) presented an immunomodulatory effect in the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION During in vitro DENV infection, N. brasiliensis Choisy exerts both antiviral and immunomodulatory effects that are likely associated, considering that less viral load may lead to less immunostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Gomes Fialho
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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20
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Markers of dengue severity: a systematic review of cytokines and chemokines. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:3103-3119. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and resistin are associated with dengue infection in adults. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:441. [PMID: 27549428 PMCID: PMC4994210 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a major health problem in tropical areas, including Taiwan. Dengue virus infection affects various types of cells and results in elevation of serum inflammatory molecules. Because these molecules may be associated with dengue virus infection, the aim of this study was to identify novel molecules in febrile patients with dengue infection. In addition, we determined whether these molecules were correlated with the count of leukocytes and platelets. METHODS Febrile adults (Age >18 years old) who presented to the emergency department and were confirmed dengue virus infection were enrolled in this study. Serum from dengue patients and healthy controls was collected and serum level of sepsis-associated inflammatory molecules was measured by Luminex assay. RESULTS Elevated level of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, sFasL, resistin and interferon-γ were detected in patients' serum. Higher levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and resistin were detected in dengue patients with normal leukocyte count and all dengue patients, respectively. Furthermore, the serum level of NGAL, but not resistin, was correlated with cell count in dengue patients. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that resistin and NGAL are novel dengue-associated molecules. These results may help elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of anti-dengue immune responses.
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22
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Association of ICAM-1 K469E polymorphism with dengue infection in North Indian population. Microb Pathog 2016; 96:80-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Dengue Virus-Induced Inflammation of the Endothelium and the Potential Roles of Sphingosine Kinase-1 and MicroRNAs. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:509306. [PMID: 26609198 PMCID: PMC4644833 DOI: 10.1155/2015/509306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main pathogenic effects of severe dengue virus (DENV) infection is a vascular leak syndrome. There are no available antivirals or specific DENV treatments and without hospital support severe DENV infection can be life-threatening. The cause of the vascular leakage is permeability changes in the endothelial cells lining the vasculature that are brought about by elevated vasoactive cytokine and chemokines induced following DENV infection. The source of these altered cytokine and chemokines is traditionally believed to be from DENV-infected cells such as monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells. Herein we discuss the evidence for the endothelium as an additional contributor to inflammatory and innate responses during DENV infection which may affect endothelial cell function, in particular the ability to maintain vascular integrity. Furthermore, we hypothesise roles for two factors, sphingosine kinase-1 and microRNAs (miRNAs), with a focus on several candidate miRNAs, which are known to control normal vascular function and inflammatory responses. Both of these factors may be potential therapeutic targets to regulate inflammation of the endothelium during DENV infection.
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24
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Conroy AL, Gélvez M, Hawkes M, Rajwans N, Tran V, Liles WC, Villar-Centeno LA, Kain KC. Host biomarkers are associated with progression to dengue haemorrhagic fever: a nested case-control study. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 40:45-53. [PMID: 26255888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dengue represents the most important arboviral infection worldwide. Onset of circulatory collapse can be unpredictable. Biomarkers that can identify individuals at risk of plasma leakage may facilitate better triage and clinical management. DESIGN Using a nested case-control design, we randomly selected subjects from a prospective cohort study of dengue in Colombia (n=1582). Using serum collected within 96 hours of fever onset, we tested 19 biomarkers by ELISA in cases (developed dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS); n=46), and controls (uncomplicated dengue fever (DF); n=65) and healthy controls (HC); n=15. RESULTS Ang-1 levels were lower and angptl3, sKDR, sEng, sICAM-1, CRP, CXCL10/IP-10, IL-18 binding protein, CHI3L1, C5a and Factor D levels were increased in dengue compared to HC. sICAM-1, sEng and CXCL10/IP-10 were further elevated in subjects who subsequently developed DHF/DSS (p=0.008, p=0.028 and p=0.025, respectively). In a logistic regression model, age (odds ratio (OR) (95% CI): 0.95 (0.92-0.98), p=0.001), hyperesthesia/hyperalgesia (OR; 3.8 (1.4-10.4), p=0.008) and elevated sICAM-1 (>298ng/mL: OR; 6.3 (1.5-25.7), p=0.011) at presentation were independently associated with progression to DHF/DSS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that inflammation and endothelial activation are important pathways in the pathogenesis of dengue and sICAM-1 levels may identify individuals at risk of plasma leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Conroy
- Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Margarita Gélvez
- Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Michael Hawkes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
| | - Nimerta Rajwans
- Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Vanessa Tran
- Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - W Conrad Liles
- University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Luis Angel Villar-Centeno
- Centro de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Kevin C Kain
- Sandra A. Rotman Laboratories, Sandra Rotman Centre, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Tropical Disease Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
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25
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Mackow ER, Gorbunova EE, Gavrilovskaya IN. Endothelial cell dysfunction in viral hemorrhage and edema. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:733. [PMID: 25601858 PMCID: PMC4283606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium maintains a vascular barrier by controlling platelet and immune cell interactions, capillary tone and interendothelial cell (EC) adherence. Here we suggest common elements in play during viral infection of the endothelium that alter normal EC functions and contribute to lethal hemorrhagic or edematous diseases. In viral reservoir hosts, infection of capillaries and lymphatic vessels may direct immunotolerance without disease, but in the absence of these cognate interactions they direct the delayed onset of human disease characterized by thrombocytopenia and vascular leakage in a severe endothelial dysfunction syndrome. Here we present insight into EC controls of hemostasis, immune response and capillary permeability that are altered by viral infection of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich R Mackow
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Elena E Gorbunova
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Irina N Gavrilovskaya
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY, USA
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26
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Vervaeke P, Vermeire K, Liekens S. Endothelial dysfunction in dengue virus pathology. Rev Med Virol 2014; 25:50-67. [PMID: 25430853 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a leading cause of illness and death, mainly in the (sub)tropics, where it causes dengue fever and/or the more serious diseases dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome that are associated with changes in vascular permeability. Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of DENV is still poorly understood and, although endothelial cells represent the primary fluid barrier of the blood vessels, the extent to which these cells contribute to DENV pathology is still under debate. The primary target cells for DENV are dendritic cells and monocytes/macrophages that release various chemokines and cytokines upon infection, which can activate the endothelium and are thought to play a major role in DENV-induced vascular permeability. However, recent studies indicate that DENV also replicates in endothelial cells and that DENV-infected endothelial cells may directly contribute to viremia, immune activation, vascular permeability and immune targeting of the endothelium. Also, the viral non-structural protein-1 and antibodies directed against this secreted protein have been reported to be involved in endothelial cell dysfunction. This review provides an extensive overview of the effects of DENV infection on endothelial cell physiology and barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vervaeke
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Abstract
Dengue is emerging as one of the most abundant vector-borne disease globally. Although the majority of infections are asymptomatic or result in only a brief systemic viral illness, a small proportion of patients develop potentially fatal complications. These severe manifestations, including a unique plasma leakage syndrome, a coagulopathy sometimes accompanied by bleeding, and organ impairment, occur relatively late in the disease course, presenting a window of opportunity to identify the group of patients likely to progress to these complications. However, as yet, differentiating this group from the thousands of milder cases seen each day during outbreaks remains challenging, and simple and inexpensive strategies are urgently needed in order to improve case management and to facilitate appropriate use of limited resources. This review will cover the current understanding of the risk factors associated with poor outcome in dengue. We focus particularly on the clinical features of the disease and on conventional investigations that are usually accessible in mid-level healthcare facilities in endemic areas, and then discuss a variety of viral, immunological and vascular biomarkers that have the potential to improve risk prediction. We conclude with a description of several novel methods of assessing vascular function and intravascular volume status non-invasively.
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28
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Mangione JNA, Huy NT, Lan NTP, Mbanefo EC, Ha TTN, Bao LQ, Nga CTP, Tuong VV, Dat TV, Thuy TT, Tuan HM, Huong VTQ, Hirayama K. The association of cytokines with severe dengue in children. Trop Med Health 2014; 42:137-44. [PMID: 25589878 PMCID: PMC4253061 DOI: 10.2149/tmh.2014-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dengue virus infection is a major public health problem. A hypothesis put forward for severe dengue is the cytokine storm, a sudden increase in cytokines that induces vascular permeability. Previous studies and our recent meta-analysis showed that IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, TNFα, VEGF-A and VCAM-1 are associated with dengue shock syndrome. Therefore, in this study we aim to validate the association of these cytokines with severe dengue. Methods & Findings: In a hospital based-case control study in Vietnam, children with dengue fever, other febrile illness and healthy controls were recruited. Dengue virus infection was confirmed by several diagnostic tests. Multiplex immunoassay using Luminex technology was used to measure cytokines simultaneously. A positive association with dengue shock syndrome was found for VCAM-1, whereas a negative association was found for IFNγ. Furthermore, multivariate logistic analysis also showed that VCAM-1 and IFNγ were independently correlated with dengue shock syndrome. Conclusion: IFNγ and VCAM-1 were associated with dengue shock syndrome, although their role in the severe dengue pathogenesis remains unclear. Additional studies are required to shed further light on the function of these cytokines in severe dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N A Mangione
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan ; Leiden University Medical Center , C-2-R, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City , 167 Pasteur Street, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Evaristus Chibunna Mbanefo
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Tran Thi Ngoc Ha
- Laboratory of Arbovirus, Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City , 167 Pasteur Street, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Lam Quoc Bao
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Cao Thi Phi Nga
- Center for Preventive Medicine , 24 Hung Vuong Street, Vinh Long, Ho Chi Minh City 89000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Van Tuong
- Center for Preventive Medicine , 24 Hung Vuong Street, Vinh Long, Ho Chi Minh City 89000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Van Dat
- Center for Preventive Medicine , 24 Hung Vuong Street, Vinh Long, Ho Chi Minh City 89000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Thuy
- Children's Hospital No.2 , 14 Ly Tu Trong street, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Manh Tuan
- Children's Hospital No.2 , 14 Ly Tu Trong street, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Que Huong
- Laboratory of Arbovirus, Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City , 167 Pasteur Street, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan ; Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Abstract
Dengue is one of the most important emerging viral diseases globally. The majority of symptomatic infections result in a relatively benign disease course. However, a small proportion of patients develop severe clinical manifestations, including bleeding, organ impairment, and endothelial dysfunction with increased capillary permeability causing hypovolaemic shock that can lead to cardiovascular collapse. Evidence is increasing that dengue can also cause myocardial impairment, arrhythmias and, occasionally, fulminant myocarditis. No antiviral agents or vaccines are licensed for dengue, and treatment remains supportive with judicious fluid replacement for patients with severe disease. Defining the role of cardiac dysfunction in the haemodynamic compromise of severe dengue has potentially important management implications. In this Review, we will outline the current understanding of the cardiovascular manifestations of dengue, including myocardial and vascular involvement, and conclude with a discussion of the available therapeutic options and potential future research directions.
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30
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van de Weg CAM, Pannuti CS, van den Ham HJ, de Araújo ESA, Boas LSV, Felix AC, Carvalho KI, Levi JE, Romano CM, Centrone CC, Rodrigues CLDL, Luna E, van Gorp ECM, Osterhaus ADME, Kallas EG, Martina BEE. Serum angiopoietin-2 and soluble VEGF receptor 2 are surrogate markers for plasma leakage in patients with acute dengue virus infection. J Clin Virol 2014; 60:328-35. [PMID: 24928471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell dysfunction is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of plasma leakage in patients with acute dengue virus (DENV) infection. Several factors, produced by activated endothelial cells, have been associated with plasma leakage or severe disease in patients with infectious diseases. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate which of these markers could serve as a surrogate marker for the occurrence of plasma leakage in patients with acute DENV infection. STUDY DESIGN A case-control study was performed in patients with acute DENV infection in Santos, Brazil. Plasma leakage was detected with X-ray and/or ultrasound examination at admission. Serum levels of soluble endoglin, endothelin-1, angiopoietin-2, VEGF, soluble VEGFR-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were determined using commercially available ELISAs. RESULTS Increased levels of angiopoietin-2, endothelin-1 and MMP-2 and decreased levels of soluble VEGFR-2 were significantly associated with the occurrence of plasma leakage. An unsupervised cluster analysis confirmed that angiopoietin-2 and soluble VEGFR-2 were strongly associated with clinical apparent vascular leakage. CONCLUSION Angiopoietin-2 and soluble VEGFR-2 can serve as surrogate markers for the occurrence of plasma leakage in patients with acute DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia A M van de Weg
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cláudio S Pannuti
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henk-Jan van den Ham
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evaldo S A de Araújo
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Ana Costa, Rua Pedro Américo 60, Campo Grande 11075-400, Santos, Brazil
| | - Lucy S V Boas
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvina C Felix
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina I Carvalho
- Hospital Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein 627, CEP 05652-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José E Levi
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila M Romano
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Centrone
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celia L de Lima Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Expedito Luna
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo e Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias (LIM-52), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 470, 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric C M van Gorp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esper G Kallas
- Disciplina de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia (LIM-60), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar 155, CEP 05403-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Byron E E Martina
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Rathakrishnan A, Klekamp B, Wang SM, Komarasamy TV, Natkunam SK, Sathar J, Azizan A, Sanchez-Anguiano A, Manikam R, Sekaran SD. Clinical and immunological markers of dengue progression in a study cohort from a hyperendemic area in Malaysia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92021. [PMID: 24647042 PMCID: PMC3960168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With its elusive pathogenesis, dengue imposes serious healthcare, economic and social burden on endemic countries. This study describes the clinical and immunological parameters of a dengue cohort in a Malaysian city, the first according to the WHO 2009 dengue classification. Methodology and Findings This longitudinal descriptive study was conducted in two Malaysian hospitals where patients aged 14 and above with clinical symptoms suggestive of dengue were recruited with informed consent. Among the 504 participants, 9.3% were classified as non-dengue, 12.7% without warning signs, 77.0% with warning signs and 1.0% with severe dengue based on clinical diagnosis. Of these, 37% were misdiagnosed as non-dengue, highlighting the importance of both clinical diagnosis and laboratory findings. Thrombocytopenia, prolonged clotting time, liver enzymes, ALT and AST served as good markers for dengue progression but could not distinguish between patients with and without warning signs. HLA-A*24 and -B*57 were positively associated with Chinese and Indians patients with warning signs, respectively, whereas A*03 may be protective in the Malays. HLA-A*33 was also positively associated in patients with warning signs when compared to those without. Dengue NS1, NS2A, NS4A and NS4B were found to be important T cell epitopes; however with no apparent difference between with and without warning signs patients. Distinction between the 2 groups of patients was also not observed in any of the cytokines analyzed; nevertheless, 12 were significantly differentially expressed at the different phases of illness. Conclusion The new dengue classification system has allowed more specific detection of dengue patients, however, none of the clinical parameters allowed distinction of patients with and without warning signs. While the HLA-A*33 may be predictive marker for development of warning signs; larger studies will be needed to support this findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusyah Rathakrishnan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin Klekamp
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Seok Mui Wang
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University Technology Mara, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thamil Vaani Komarasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Jameela Sathar
- Clinical Hematology Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Hospital Ampang, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azliyati Azizan
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Aurora Sanchez-Anguiano
- Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Rishya Manikam
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Ong SP, Ng ML, Chu JJH. Differential regulation of angiopoietin 1 and angiopoietin 2 during dengue virus infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells: implications for endothelial hyperpermeability. Med Microbiol Immunol 2013; 202:437-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00430-013-0310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Spiropoulou CF, Srikiatkhachorn A. The role of endothelial activation in dengue hemorrhagic fever and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Virulence 2013; 4:525-36. [PMID: 23841977 PMCID: PMC5359750 DOI: 10.4161/viru.25569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of the endothelium barrier and vascular leakage play a central role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever viruses. This can be caused either directly by the viral infection and damage of the vascular endothelium, or indirectly by a dysregulated immune response resulting in an excessive activation of the endothelium. This article briefly reviews our knowledge of the importance of the disruption of the vascular endothelial barrier in two severe disease syndromes, dengue hemorrhagic fever and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Both viruses cause changes in vascular permeability without damaging the endothelium. Here we focus on our understanding of the virus interaction with the endothelium, the role of the endothelium in the induced pathogenesis, and the possible mechanisms by which each virus causes vascular leakage. Understanding the dynamics between viral infection and the dysregulation of the endothelial cell barrier will help us to define potential therapeutic targets for reducing disease severity.
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Tan SS, Bujang MA. The clinical features and outcomes of acute liver failure associated with dengue infection in adults: a case series. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 17:164-9. [PMID: 23453417 PMCID: PMC9427345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusions
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da Conceição TM, Rust NM, Berbel ACER, Martins NB, do Nascimento Santos CA, Da Poian AT, de Arruda LB. Essential role of RIG-I in the activation of endothelial cells by dengue virus. Virology 2013; 435:281-92. [PMID: 23089253 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is associated to exacerbated inflammatory response and structural and functional alterations in the vascular endothelium. However, the mechanisms underlying DENV-induced endothelial cell activation and their role in the inflammatory response were not investigated so far. We demonstrated that human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) are susceptible to DENV infection, which induces the expression of the cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) RIG-I. Infection of HBMECs promoted an increase in the production of type I IFN and proinflammatory cytokines, which were abolished after RIG-I silencing. DENV-infected HBMECs also presented a higher ICAM-1 expression dependent on RIG-I activation as well. On the other hand, ablation of RIG-I did not interfere with virus replication. Our data suggest that RIG-I activation by DENV may participate in the disease pathogenesis through the modulation of cytokine release and expression of adhesion molecules, probably contributing to leukocyte recruitment and amplification of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Moraes da Conceição
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco E, lab. E-018. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Rathakrishnan A, Wang SM, Hu Y, Khan AM, Ponnampalavanar S, Lum LCS, Manikam R, Sekaran SD. Cytokine expression profile of dengue patients at different phases of illness. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52215. [PMID: 23284941 PMCID: PMC3527385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is an important medical problem, with symptoms ranging from mild dengue fever to severe forms of the disease, where vascular leakage leads to hypovolemic shock. Cytokines have been implicated to play a role in the progression of severe dengue disease; however, their profile in dengue patients and the synergy that leads to continued plasma leakage is not clearly understood. Herein, we investigated the cytokine kinetics and profiles of dengue patients at different phases of illness to further understand the role of cytokines in dengue disease. METHODS AND FINDINGS Circulating levels of 29 different types of cytokines were assessed by bead-based ELISA method in dengue patients at the 3 different phases of illness. The association between significant changes in the levels of cytokines and clinical parameters were analyzed. At the febrile phase, IP-10 was significant in dengue patients with and without warning signs. However, MIP-1β was found to be significant in only patients with warning signs at this phase. IP-10 was also significant in both with and without warning signs patients during defervescence. At this phase, MIP-1β and G-CSF were significant in patients without warning signs, whereas MCP-1 was noted to be elevated significantly in patients with warning signs. Significant correlations between the levels of VEGF, RANTES, IL-7, IL-12, PDGF and IL-5 with platelets; VEGF with lymphocytes and neutrophils; G-CSF and IP-10 with atypical lymphocytes and various other cytokines with the liver enzymes were observed in this study. CONCLUSIONS The cytokine profile patterns discovered between the different phases of illness indicate an essential role in dengue pathogenesis and with further studies may serve as predictive markers for progression to dengue with warning signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusyah Rathakrishnan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seok Mui Wang
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yongli Hu
- Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asif M. Khan
- Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Lucy Chai See Lum
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rishya Manikam
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Roles for endothelial cells in dengue virus infection. Adv Virol 2012; 2012:840654. [PMID: 22952474 PMCID: PMC3431041 DOI: 10.1155/2012/840654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses cause two severe diseases that alter vascular fluid barrier functions, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The endothelium is the primary fluid barrier of the vasculature and ultimately the effects of dengue virus infection that cause capillary leakage impact endothelial cell (EC) barrier functions. The ability of dengue virus to infect the endothelium provides a direct means for dengue to alter capillary permeability, permit virus replication, and induce responses that recruit immune cells to the endothelium. Recent studies focused on dengue virus infection of primary ECs have demonstrated that ECs are efficiently infected, rapidly produce viral progeny, and elicit immune enhancing cytokine responses that may contribute to pathogenesis. Furthermore, infected ECs have also been implicated in enhancing viremia and immunopathogenesis within murine dengue disease models. Thus dengue-infected ECs have the potential to directly contribute to immune enhancement, capillary permeability, viremia, and immune targeting of the endothelium. These effects implicate responses of the infected endothelium in dengue pathogenesis and rationalize therapeutic targeting of the endothelium and EC responses as a means of reducing the severity of dengue virus disease.
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Shyu LY, Yeh TM, Chang HH, Lin DPC, Teng YH, Chen LC, Lee HH. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces ICAM-1and thrombomobulin expression in vitro. Thromb Res 2011; 129:43-9. [PMID: 21890178 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important cytokine in the modulation of inflammatory and immune responses, but its role in coagulation remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the potential role of MIF in coagulation through its influence on two factors, thrombomodulin (TM) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Recombinant human MIF was added to human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) to investigate its influence on the expression of TM and ICAM-1. The results showed that both TM and ICAM-1 were induced with MIF addition in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The expression of ICAM-1 and TM was increased as MIF doses were increased, with the highest expression seen at 12 hr after 400 ng/ml of MIF treatment. Besides, anti-MIF antibody treatment reduced the TM expression in HMEC-1 cells. In conclusion, our data support a role of MIF as an important factor in the regulation of coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yuh Shyu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan, ROC
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Tolfvenstam T, Lindblom A, Schreiber MJ, Ling L, Chow A, Ooi EE, Hibberd ML. Characterization of early host responses in adults with dengue disease. BMC Infect Dis 2011; 11:209. [PMID: 21810247 PMCID: PMC3163546 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While dengue-elicited early and transient host responses preceding defervescence could shape the disease outcome and reveal mechanisms of the disease pathogenesis, assessment of these responses are difficult as patients rarely seek healthcare during the first days of benign fever and thus data are lacking. METHODS In this study, focusing on early recruitment, we performed whole-blood transcriptional profiling on dengue virus PCR positive patients sampled within 72 h of self-reported fever presentation (average 43 h, SD 18.6 h) and compared the signatures with autologous samples drawn at defervescence and convalescence and to control patients with fever of other etiology. RESULTS In the early dengue fever phase, a strong activation of the innate immune response related genes were seen that was absent at defervescence (4-7 days after fever debut), while at this second sampling genes related to biosynthesis and metabolism dominated. Transcripts relating to the adaptive immune response were over-expressed in the second sampling point with sustained activation at the third sampling. On an individual gene level, significant enrichment of transcripts early in dengue disease were chemokines CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL8 (MCP-2), CXCL10 (IP-10) and CCL3 (MIP-1α), antimicrobial peptide β-defensin 1 (DEFB1), desmosome/intermediate junction component plakoglobin (JUP) and a microRNA which may negatively regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in dengue infected peripheral blood cells, mIR-147 (NMES1). CONCLUSIONS These data show that the early response in patients mimics those previously described in vitro, where early assessment of transcriptional responses has been easily obtained. Several of the early transcripts identified may be affected by or mediate the pathogenesis and deserve further assessment at this timepoint in correlation to severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tolfvenstam
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street #02-01 Genome, Singapore.
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Bodur H, Akinci E, Ongürü P, Uyar Y, Baştürk B, Gözel MG, Kayaaslan BU. Evidence of vascular endothelial damage in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 14:e704-7. [PMID: 20627646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 01/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial infection has an important role in the pathogenesis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). In this study, we investigated the causes of vascular endothelial damage in patients with CCHF. METHODS This prospective case-controlled study was carried out at Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital between April and September 2007. Seventy-five patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of CCHF and 88 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of soluble cell adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin, sP-selectin, sL-selectin), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were investigated in these patients by quantitative sandwich ELISA technique. RESULTS In the patient group, serum levels of sVCAM-1, sL-selectin and MIF were significantly higher than in the control group; serum levels of sICAM-1, sP-selectin, sE-selectin, and VEGF were significantly lower than in the control group. Serum levels of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 were significantly higher in severe cases than in non-severe cases, whereas the serum level of VEGF was significantly lower. sVCAM-1 was significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors, while serum VEGF was significantly lower in non-survivors. The optimum cut-offs of sVCAM-1 and VEGF for the prediction of mortality were 205 ng/ml and 125 ng/ml, respectively. At these cut-offs, sVCAM-1 and VEGF had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 42.5% and 54.5%, respectively, in identifying CCHF patients who would die from the disease. The positive predictive values were 19% and 23%, respectively; negative predictive values were 100% for both. CONCLUSION Endothelial activation can affect the course of CCHF, and vascular endothelial damage is probably indirect. Further studies are needed for general conclusions to be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hürrem Bodur
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Samanpazari, Ankara, Turkey.
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Dengue virus infection of mast cells triggers endothelial cell activation. J Virol 2010; 85:1145-50. [PMID: 21068256 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01630-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular perturbation is a hallmark of severe forms of dengue disease. We show here that antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection of primary human cord blood-derived mast cells (CBMCs) and the human mast cell-like line HMC-1 results in the release of factor(s) which activate human endothelial cells, as evidenced by increased expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Endothelial cell activation was prevented by pretreatment of mast cell-derived supernatants with a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-specific blocking antibody, thus identifying TNF as the endothelial cell-activating factor. Our findings suggest that mast cells may represent an important source of TNF, promoting vascular endothelial perturbation following antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection.
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Abstract
Much remains to be learned about the pathogenesis of the different manifestations of dengue virus (DENV) infections in humans. They may range from subclinical infection to dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and eventually dengue shock syndrome (DSS). As both cell tropism and tissue tropism of DENV are considered major determinants in the pathogenesis of dengue, there is a critical need for adequate tropism assays, animal models, and human autopsy data. More than 50 years of research on dengue has resulted in a host of literature, which strongly suggests that the pathogenesis of DHF and DSS involves viral virulence factors and detrimental host responses, collectively resulting in abnormal hemostasis and increased vascular permeability. Differential targeting of specific vascular beds is likely to trigger the localized vascular hyperpermeability underlying DSS. A personalized approach to the study of pathogenesis will elucidate the basis of individual risk for development of DHF and DSS as well as identify the genetic and environmental bases for differences in risk for development of severe disease.
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Abstract
Infection with one of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) causes a wide spectrum of clinical disease ranging from asymptomatic infection, undifferentiated fever, dengue fever (DF) to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF occurs in a minority of patients and is characterized by bleeding and plasma leakage which may lead to shock. There are currently no reliable clinical or laboratory indicators that accurately predict the development of DHF. Human studies have shown that high viral load and intense activation of the immune system are associated with DHF. Recently, endothelial cells and factors regulating vascular permeability have been demonstrated to play a role. In the absence of animal models that closely mimic DHF, human studies are essential in identifying predictors of severe illness. Well planned prospective studies with samples collected at different time points of the illness in well characterized patients are crucial for this effort. Ideally, clinical and laboratory predictive tools should be suitable for resource poor countries where dengue is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, North, Worcester 01655, USA.
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Abstract
Here we summarized our findings in the mouse model of the events that lead to dengue hemorrhage. Immunocompetent mice inoculated intradermally with DENV-2 strain 16681 develop hemorrhage locally or systemically. The incidence and the severity of hemorrhage development are dependent on the size of viral inoculum. The hemorrhage mice exhibit severe thrombocytopenia, prolonged bleeding time, and increased numbers of circulating endothelial cells. In the hemorrhage tissues, there is endothelial damage accompanied by infiltrating macrophages that secret TNF-alpha. The endothelial cells express iNOS and peroxynitrite and undergo apoptosis, indicating RNS and ROS production may lead to cell death. By using mice deficient in iNOS and phox47 and apocynin, we demonstrated that RNS and ROS are important to hemorrhage development after infection by DENV. Our mouse model offers the opportunity to test potential dengue vaccines and therapeutics to treat dengue hemorrhage and to test hemorrhage induction potentials of dengue viral strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty A Wu-Hsieh
- National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Immunology, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Fujita M, Tsuruta R, Kasaoka S, Fujimoto K, Tanaka R, Oda Y, Nanba M, Igarashi M, Yuasa M, Yoshikawa T, Maekawa T. In vivo real-time measurement of superoxide anion radical with a novel electrochemical sensor. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:1039-48. [PMID: 19616620 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in vivo remain to be clarified because no appropriate method exists to directly and continuously monitor and evaluate O(2)(-) in vivo. Here, we establish an in vivo method using a novel electrochemical O(2)(-) sensor. O(2)(-) generated is measured as a current and evaluated as a quantified partial value of electricity (Q(part)), which is calculated by integration of the difference between the baseline and the actual reacted current. The accuracy and efficacy of this method were confirmed by dose-dependent O(2)(-) generation in xanthine-xanthine oxidase in vitro in phosphate-buffered saline and human blood. It was then applied to endotoxemic rats in vivo. O(2)(-) current began to increase 1 h after lipopolysaccharide, and Q(part) increased significantly for 6 h in endotoxemic rats, in comparison to sham-treated rats. These values were attenuated by superoxide dismutase. The generation and attenuation of O(2)(-) were indirectly confirmed by plasma lipid peroxidation with malondialdehyde, endothelial injury with soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and microcirculatory dysfunction. This is a novel method for measuring O(2)(-) in vivo and could be used to monitor and treat the pathophysiology caused by excessive O(2)(-) generation in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Fujita
- Advanced Medical Emergency and Critical Care Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
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Proteomic Analysis of Endothelial Cell Autoantigens Recognized by Anti-Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Antibodies. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009; 234:63-73. [DOI: 10.3181/0805-rm-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed the occurrence of autoimmune responses in dengue virus (DV) infection, which has potential implications for the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic syndrome. In the present study, we have used a proteomic analysis to identify several candidate proteins on HMEC-1 endothelial cells recognized by anti-DV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antibodies. The target proteins, including ATP synthase β chain, protein disulfide isomerase, vimentin, and heat shock protein 60, co-localize with anti-NS1 binding sites on nonfixed HMEC-1 cells using immunohistochemical double staining and confocal microscopy. The cross-reactivity of anti-target protein antibodies with HMEC-1 cells was inhibited by NS1 protein pre-absorption. Furthermore, a cross-reactive epitope on NS1 amino acid residues 311–330 (P311–330) was predicted using homologous sequence alignment. The reactivity of dengue hemorrhagic patient sera with HMEC-1 cells was blocked by synthetic peptide P311–330 pre-absorption. Taken together, our results identify putative targets on endothelial cells recognized by anti-DV NS1 antibodies, where NS1 P311–330 possesses the shared epitope.
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Enhancement by tumor necrosis factor alpha of dengue virus-induced endothelial cell production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species is key to hemorrhage development. J Virol 2008; 82:12312-24. [PMID: 18842737 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00968-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhage is a severe manifestation of dengue disease. Virus strain and host immune response have been implicated as the risk factors for hemorrhage development. To delineate the complex interplay between the virus and the host, we established a dengue hemorrhage model in immune-competent mice. Mice inoculated intradermally with dengue virus develop hemorrhage within 3 days. In the present study, we showed by the presence of NS1 antigen and viral nuclei acid that dengue virus actively infects the endothelium at 12 h and 24 h after inoculation. Temporal studies showed that beginning at day 2, there was macrophage infiltration into the vicinity of the endothelium, increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production, and endothelial cell apoptosis in the tissues. In the meantime, endothelial cells in the hemorrhage tissues expressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine. In vitro studies showed that primary mouse and human endothelial cells were productively infected by dengue virus. Infection by dengue virus induced endothelial cell production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and apoptotic cell death, which was greatly enhanced by TNF-alpha. N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and N-acetyl cysteine reversed the effects of dengue virus and TNF-alpha on endothelial cells. Importantly, hemorrhage development and the severity of hemorrhage were greatly reduced in mice lacking iNOS or p47(phox) or treatment with oxidase inhibitor, pointing to the critical roles of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species in dengue hemorrhage.
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Basu A, Chaturvedi UC. Vascular endothelium: the battlefield of dengue viruses. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2008; 53:287-99. [PMID: 18522648 PMCID: PMC7110366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2008.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability without morphological damage to the capillary endothelium is the cardinal feature of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Extensive plasma leakage in various tissue spaces and serous cavities of the body, including the pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities in patients with DHF, may result in profound shock. Among various mechanisms that have been considered include immune complex disease, T-cell-mediated, antibodies cross-reacting with vascular endothelium, enhancing antibodies, complement and its products, various soluble mediators including cytokines, selection of virulent strains and virus virulence, but the most favoured are enhancing antibodies and memory T cells in a secondary infection resulting in cytokine tsunami. Whatever the mechanism, it ultimately targets vascular endothelium (making it a battlefield) leading to severe dengue disease. Extensive recent work has been done in vitro on endothelial cell monolayer models to understand the pathophysiology of vascular endothelium during dengue virus (DV) infection that may be translated to help understand the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS. The present review provides a broad overview of the effects of DV infection and the associated host responses contributing towards alterations in vascular endothelial cell physiology and damage that may be responsible for the DHF/DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Basu
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Reis SRI, Valente LM, Sampaio AL, Siani AC, Gandini M, Azeredo EL, D'Avila LA, Mazzei JL, Henriques MDGM, Kubelka CF. Immunomodulating and antiviral activities of Uncaria tomentosa on human monocytes infected with Dengue Virus-2. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:468-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Silver KL, Kain KC, Liles WC. Endothelial activation and dysregulation: A common pathway to organ injury in infectious diseases associated with systemic inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmec.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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