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Blake AL, Bennett NR, McKenzie JA, Tulloch-Reid MK, Govia I, McFarlane SR, Walters R, Francis DK, Wilks RJ, Williams DR, Younger-Coleman NO, Ferguson TS. Social support and ideal cardiovascular health in urban Jamaica: A cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003466. [PMID: 39078827 PMCID: PMC11288424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that high levels of social support can encourage better health behaviours and result in improved cardiovascular health. In this study we evaluated the association between social support and ideal cardiovascular health among urban Jamaicans. We conducted a cross-sectional study among urban residents in Jamaica's south-east health region. Socio-demographic data and information on cigarette smoking, physical activity, dietary practices, blood pressure, body size, cholesterol, and glucose, were collected by trained personnel. The outcome variable, ideal cardiovascular health, was defined as having optimal levels of ≥5 of these characteristics (ICH-5) according to the American Heart Association definitions. Social support exposure variables included number of friends (network size), number of friends willing to provide loans (instrumental support) and number of friends providing advice (informational support). Principal component analysis was used to create a social support score using these three variables. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between ICH-5 and social support score. Analyses included 841 participants (279 males, 562 females) with mean age of 47.6 ± 18.42 years. ICH-5 prevalence was 26.6% (95%CI 22.3, 31.0) with no significant sex difference (male 27.5%, female 25.7%). In sex-specific, multivariable logistic regression models, social support score, was inversely associated with ICH-5 among males (OR 0.67 [95%CI 0.51, 0.89], p = 0.006) but directly associated among females (OR 1.26 [95%CI 1.04, 1.53], p = 0.020) after adjusting for age and community SES. Living in poorer communities was also significantly associated with higher odds of ICH-5 among males, while living communities with high property value was associated with higher odds of ICH among females. In this study, higher level of social support was associated with better cardiovascular health among women, but poorer cardiovascular health among men in urban Jamaica. Further research should explore these associations and identify appropriate interventions to promote cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphanso L. Blake
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
- School of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Nassau, The Bahamas
| | - Nadia R. Bennett
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Joette A. McKenzie
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Ishtar Govia
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Shelly R. McFarlane
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Renee Walters
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Damian K. Francis
- School of Health and Human Performance, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rainford J. Wilks
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - David R. Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Novie O. Younger-Coleman
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Trevor S. Ferguson
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
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Morey BN, Garcia S, Lin K, Canchola AJ, Alexeeff SE, Kurtovich EM, Uong S, Aoki RLF, Guan A, Torres JM, Shariff-Marco S, Yao S, Kushi LH, Gomez SL, Kroenke CH. A validation study for measuring Asian- and Hispanic-serving sociocultural institutions in neighborhoods using business listing data and potential implications for health. Soc Sci Med 2024; 356:117143. [PMID: 39032193 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Ethnic enclaves influence the health of Asian American and Hispanic or Latinx/a/o populations, likely via neighborhood social, economic, and built environments. To facilitate studies aiming to disentangle these specific neighborhood mechanisms, we describe the creation and validation of two novel measures-Asian-serving and Hispanic-serving sociocultural institutions (SCIs)-to estimate the social, cultural, and economic character of ethnic enclaves in California. Business listing data were used to identify SCIs or businesses that promote cultural and social identity, including arts, civic, historical, religious, social service, and membership organizations. Keyword searches of business names were used to identify potential Asian- or Hispanic-serving SCIs. An online audit of 1,627 businesses within 12 cities confirmed the validity of using keyword searches to assess whether census tracts were high or low in Asian- or Hispanic-serving SCIs (sensitivity: 63%-100%, specificity: 86%-95%; positive predictive value: 63%-89%). In exploratory regression analyses, high presence of SCIs (compared to low presence) may be associated with neighborhood-level health indicators, including greater percentages of residents who had an annual checkup in majority Asian census tracts and lower percentages of residents who were current smokers in majority Asian and Hispanic census tracts. This approach advances methodology in measurement of neighborhood sociocultural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Morey
- Department of Health, Society, & Behavior, Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, 856 Health Sciences Quad, Suite 3527, Irvine, CA, 92697-3957, USA.
| | - Samantha Garcia
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Katherine Lin
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th. Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alison J Canchola
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th. Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Stacey E Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Elaine M Kurtovich
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Stephen Uong
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rhonda-Lee F Aoki
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Alice Guan
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th. Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Torres
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th. Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Salma Shariff-Marco
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th. Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th. Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Candyce H Kroenke
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
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Zarei K, Kahle L, Buckman DW, Ohlis A, Aradhya S, Choi K, Williams F. Parent-Child Nativity, Race, Ethnicity, and Common Mental Health Conditions Among United States Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr 2023; 263:113618. [PMID: 37473992 PMCID: PMC10794602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between race, ethnicity, and parent-child nativity, and common mental health conditions among U.S. children and adolescents. METHODS Data were from 2016 to 2019 National Survey of Children's Health, a US population-based, serial cross-sectional survey, and restricted to children who had access to health care. We used weighted multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between race and ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, Other-race); mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and behavior/conduct problems) stratified by household generation; and between household generation and outcomes stratified by race and ethnicity, adjusting for demographics (age, sex, family income to poverty ratio, parental education), and an adverse childhood experience (ACE) score. RESULTS When stratifying by household generation, racial and ethnic minority children generally had similar to lower odds of outcomes compared with White children, with the exception of higher odds of behavior/conduct problems among third + -generation Black children. When stratifying by race and ethnicity, third + generation children had increased odds of depression compared to their first-generation counterparts. Third + generation, racial and ethnic minority children had increased odds of anxiety and behavior/conduct problems compared with their first-generation counterparts. The associations generally remained significant after adjusting for the ACE score. CONCLUSIONS Lower odds of common mental health conditions in racial and ethnic minority children could be due to factors such as differential reporting, and higher estimates, including those in third + generation children, could be due to factors including discrimination; systemic racism; and other factors that vary by generation and need further investigation to advance health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Zarei
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD; Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lisa Kahle
- Information Management Services, Inc, Calverton, MD
| | | | - Anna Ohlis
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siddartha Aradhya
- Department of Sociology, Stockholm University Demography Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD
| | - Faustine Williams
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD
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Mays VM, Becerra R, Cochran SD. The American Dream: Is Immigration Associated with Life Satisfaction for Latinos of Mexican Descent? Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2495. [PMID: 37761692 PMCID: PMC10531469 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Latino population is one of the largest immigrant groups in the United States, with the majority being of Mexican descent. Whether immigrating to the US is positive for the well-being of Mexican immigrants and future generations is an important question. We examined how nativity status and quality of life indicators relate to life satisfaction among foreign-born and US-born Mexican descent Latinos living in California. Participants (N = 893) were from the California Quality of Life Survey, a population-based mental health survey of the California population. Multiple regressions examining sociodemographic and indicators of life satisfaction found higher life satisfaction among the foreign-born compared to US-born: (US-born first generation: Wald F = 18.70, p < 0.001; US-born second generation and higher: Wald F = 12.09, p < 0.001), females (Wald F = 7.05, p < 0.01), and individuals reporting more social support (Wald F = 40.20, p < 0.001), absence of frequent distress (Wald F = 41.46, p < 0.001), and better physical health (Wald F = 15.28, p < 0.001). Life satisfaction was lower for US-born Mexicans than for Mexican immigrants. Research, interventions, and policies are needed for mental health equity that address this lack of well-being in US-born Mexican Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickie M. Mays
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA BRITE Center for Science, Research and Policy, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rosina Becerra
- UCLA BRITE Center for Science, Research and Policy, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Susan D. Cochran
- UCLA BRITE Center for Science, Research and Policy, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Umberson D, Donnelly R. Social Isolation: An Unequally Distributed Health Hazard. ANNUAL REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY 2023; 49:379-399. [PMID: 38106980 PMCID: PMC10722883 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-soc-031021-012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation is a potent predictor of poor health, mortality, and dementia risk. A great deal of research across national contexts provides causal evidence for these linkages and identifies key explanatory mechanisms through which isolation affects health. Research on social isolation recognizes that some people are more likely than others to be isolated, but over the past several decades, researchers have focused primarily on the consequences of isolation for health rather than a systematic assessment of the social conditions that foster isolation over the life course. In this article, we review the available evidence on inequities in social isolation and develop a conceptual framework to guide future research on structural systems that fuel social isolation over the life course. Future work in this area has the potential to identify root causes of inequality in social isolation, as well as targeted policy levers to reduce isolation in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Umberson
- Department of Sociology, Center on Aging & Population Sciences, and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel Donnelly
- Department of Sociology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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6
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Guo M, Wang Y, Liu J, Dong X. Ethnic enclaves, social capital, and psychological well-being of immigrants: the case of Chinese older immigrants in Chicago. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:1077-1085. [PMID: 35748884 PMCID: PMC9789212 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2084506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Using a large sample of Chinese older immigrants in Chicago, this study asked two questions: (1) Is living in Chinatown associated with better psychological well-being? (2) What is the role of social capital in such an association?Methods: Data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (N = 3,105). Depression and quality of life (QoL) were compared between those who lived in Chinatown and those who didn't. Negative binomial regressions (for depression) and logistic regressions (for QoL) were performed to examine the associations between Chinatown residence, social capital, and the two outcomes.Results: Net of social capital and the control variables, living in Chinatown was marginally associated with fewer depressive symptoms (β= -.137, p = .057), but a significantly lower likelihood of reporting good QoL (OR = .797, CI: .661-.962). Although various forms of social capital were projective of positive psychological well-being, given the overall low social capital of the Chinatown residents, they heightened the mental health risks of this population.Conclusion: The neighborhood context may function to reproduce social disadvantage among aging immigrant populations. The findings point to the importance of intervention at the mezzo level to improve the psychological wellbeing of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Guo
- University of Iowa, School of Social Work, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- University of Iowa, School of Social Work, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Columbia University, School of Social Work, New York City, New York, USA
| | - XinQi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Almeida J, Belanoff C, Erbetta KF, Black A. Ethnic, Nativity and Country of Origin Inequities in Preterm Birth Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Whites in New York City: What's Stress Got to Do With It? J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:406-414. [PMID: 35960400 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hispanic populations experience good birth outcomes despite their socioeconomic disadvantage, a phenomenon referred to as the Hispanic paradox. This health advantage, however, deteriorates over time and understanding of this pattern is limited. Using data from the 2009-2013 New York City (NYC) PRAMS survey linked with birth certificate data, we tested whether stressful life events (SLEs) partially accounted for differences in preterm birth (PTB) between birthing parents across ethnicity, nativity and country of foreign birth (CFB). Experiencing 3+ SLEs in the prenatal period was associated with increased odds of PTB (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.13, 1.97). However, stressors were not associated with greater risk of PTB among US-born Hispanic participants, or differences across CFB. SLEs are associated with increased odds of PTB after a threshold of 3+, but do not explain greater PTB among US-born, or some Hispanic subgroups, despite differences in SLEs across ethnicity and CFB among Hispanic birthing parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Almeida
- School of Social Work, Simmons University, 300 The Fenway, Office M430-D, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Candice Belanoff
- School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kristin F Erbetta
- School of Social Work, Simmons University, 300 The Fenway, Office M430-D, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adriana Black
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 924 E. 57th Street, Suite 104, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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Ornelas IJ, Rao D, Price C, Chan G, Tran A, Aisenberg G, Perez G, Maurer S, Nelson AK. Promoting mental health in Latina immigrant women: Results from the Amigas Latinas Motivando el Alma intervention trial. Soc Sci Med 2023; 321:115776. [PMID: 36809698 PMCID: PMC9998361 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Latina immigrants are at increased risk of depression and anxiety and limited access to mental health care. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Amigas Latinas Motivando el Alma (ALMA), a community-based intervention to reduce stress and promote mental health among Latina immigrants. METHODS ALMA was evaluated using a delayed intervention comparison group study design. Latina immigrants (N = 226) were recruited from community organizations in King County, Washington from 2018 to 2021. Although originally developed to be delivered in-person, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the intervention was adapted mid-study to be delivered online. Participants completed surveys to assess changes in depression and anxiety post-intervention and at a two-month follow-up. We estimated generalized estimating equation models to assess differences in outcomes across groups, including stratified models for those receiving the intervention in-person or online. RESULTS In adjusted models, participants in the intervention group had lower levels of depressive symptoms than the comparison group post-intervention (β = -1.82, p = 0.01) and at two-month follow-up (β = -1.52, p = 0.01). Anxiety scores decreased for both groups, and there were no significant differences post-intervention or at follow-up. In stratified models, participants in the online intervention group had lower levels of depressive (β = -2.50, p = 0.007) and anxiety (β = -1.86, p = 0.02) symptoms than those in the comparison group, but there were no significant differences among those that received the intervention in-person. CONCLUSIONS Community-based interventions can be effective in preventing and reducing depressive symptoms among Latina immigrant women, even when delivered online. Further research should evaluate the ALMA intervention among larger more diverse Latina immigrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- India J Ornelas
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA.
| | - Deepa Rao
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, USA.
| | | | - Gary Chan
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA; University of Washington, Department of Biostatistics, USA.
| | - Anh Tran
- Duke School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, USA.
| | | | - Georgina Perez
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA.
| | - Serena Maurer
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA.
| | - Adrianne Katrina Nelson
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA.
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Sun S, Lee H, Hudson DL. Racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between wealth and health across young adulthood. SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101313. [PMID: 36589274 PMCID: PMC9798167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
•Wealth attenuated racial differences in self-rated health during young adulthood.•Wealth had consistent incremental effect on health among White & Hispanic Americans.•For Black Americans, wealth was protective of health in the highest wealth quartile.•Individual wealth, not parental wealth was associated with health among Hispanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Sun
- School of Social Welfare, The University of Kansas, 1545 Lilac Lane, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Hedwig Lee
- Department of Sociology, Trinity College of Arts & Sciences, 417 Chapel Dr, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Darrell L. Hudson
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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10
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Lee E, Piñeros J, Williams LD, Mackesy-Amiti ME, Molina Y, Boodram B. Network ethnic homophily and injection equipment sharing among Latinx and White non-Latinx people who inject drugs. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36853193 PMCID: PMC10460831 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2181259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Latinx people who inject drugs (PWID) are less likely to engage in injection equipment sharing, but are more vulnerable to injection drug use (IDU)-related morbidity and mortality than Whites. Identifying subgroups of Latinx PWID who do engage in equipment sharing and likely bear the brunt of this health burden is a priority. Ethnic disparities may reflect contextual drivers, including injection networks. Latinx PWID with low ethnic homophily (the proportion of individuals with the same ethnic background) may be more likely to share equipment due to forced distancing from health-protective ethnocultural resources and power imbalances within injection networks. The current study offers a framework and examines how associations between network ethnic homophily and injection equipment sharing differ among 74 Latinx and 170 non-Latinx White PWID in the Chicagoland area (N = 244). Latinx had less homophilous than non-Latinx Whites (p <.001). Ethnic homophily was protective for equipment sharing among Latinx (OR = 0.17, 95%CI [0.77, 0.04], p = .02), but not non-Latinx Whites (OR = 1.66, 95%CI [0.40, 6.93], p = .49). Our findings implicate the need for targeted cultured interventions that focus on Latinx PWID who are more vulnerable to morbidity and mortality, potentially due to less access to ethnic peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Lee
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Juliet Piñeros
- Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Leslie D. Williams
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mary-Ellen Mackesy-Amiti
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yamilé Molina
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Basmattee Boodram
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States
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Kemppainen L, Kemppainen T, Fokkema T, Wrede S, Kouvonen A. Neighbourhood Ethnic Density, Local Language Skills, and Loneliness among Older Migrants-A Population-Based Study on Russian Speakers in Finland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1117. [PMID: 36673878 PMCID: PMC9859331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
So far, little attention has been paid to contextual factors shaping loneliness and their interaction with individual characteristics. Moreover, the few existing studies have not included older migrants, identified as a group who are vulnerable to loneliness. This study examined the association between neighbourhood ethnic density (the proportion of own-group residents and the proportion of other ethnic residents in an area) and loneliness among older migrants. Furthermore, we investigated whether local language skills moderated this association. A population-based representative survey (The CHARM study, n = 1082, 57% men, mean age 63.2 years) and postal code area statistics were used to study Russian-speaking migrants aged 50 or older in Finland. The study design and data are hierarchical, with individuals nested in postcode areas. We accounted for this by estimating corresponding mixed models. We used a linear outcome specification and conducted logistic and ordinal robustness checks. After controlling for covariates, we found that ethnic density variables (measured as the proportion of Russian speakers and the proportion of other foreign speakers) were not associated with loneliness. Our interaction results showed that increased own-group ethnic density was associated with a higher level of loneliness among those with good local language skills but not among those with weaker skills. Good local language skills may indicate a stronger orientation towards the mainstream destination society and living in a neighbourhood with a higher concentration of own-language speakers may feel alienating for those who wish to be more included in mainstream society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kemppainen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4 (Yliopistonkatu 3), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Kemppainen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4 (Yliopistonkatu 3), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tineke Fokkema
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI)-KNAW/University of Groningen, Lange Houtstraat 19, 2511 CV The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sirpa Wrede
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4 (Yliopistonkatu 3), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Kouvonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4 (Yliopistonkatu 3), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Block A, Royal Victoria Hospital, BT12 6BA Belfast, Ireland
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12
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Vazquez C, Cubbin C, Castro Y. Social Inequalities in Multiple Chronic Disease Risk Factors among a population-based Sample of Latinas in California. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 38:33-46. [PMID: 35822908 PMCID: PMC10676012 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2022.2091075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Data from 1,248 Latina mothers who participated in the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) study were used to examine associations between SES, neighborhood-level Latinx concentration, neighborhood-level poverty and having two or more modifiable behavioral risk factors (e.g., smoking, drinking) for chronic disease. Logistic regression models were estimated stratified by nativity and adjusted for age and marital status. Among immigrants, low SES was associated with higher odds of multiple risk factors (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.17-2.38). Among US-born women, low neighborhood-level Latinx concentration was associated with lower odds of multiple risk factors (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22-0.84), and high neighborhood-level poverty (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI = 1.61-4.99) and low SES (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.02-2.92) were associated with higher odds, respectively. Heterogeneous effects between nativity and social factors may produce risk for chronic disease among Latinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vazquez
- School of Social Work, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Catherine Cubbin
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Yessenia Castro
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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13
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Muñiz JP, Woodhouse JP, Hughes AE, Pruitt SL, Rabin KR, Scheurer ME, Lupo PJ, Schraw JM. Residence in a Latinx enclave and end-induction minimal residual disease positivity among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 39:650-657. [PMID: 35262447 PMCID: PMC9458766 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2022.2047850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Racial and ethnic inequities in survival persist for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In the US, there are strong associations between SES, race/ethnicity, and place of residence. This is evidenced by ethnic enclaves: neighborhoods with high concentrations of ethnic residents, immigrants, and language isolation. The Latinx enclave index (LEI) can be used to investigate how residence in a Latinx enclave is associated with health outcomes. We studied the association between LEI score and minimal residual disease (MRD) in 142 pediatric ALL patients treated at Texas Children's Hospital. LEI score was associated with end-induction MRD positivity (OR per unit increase 1.63, CI 1.12-2.46). There was also a significant trend toward increased odds of MRD positivity among children living in areas with the highest enclave index scores. MRD positivity at end of induction is associated with higher incidence of relapse and lower overall survival among children with ALL; future studies are needed to elucidate the exact causes of these findings and to improve ALL outcomes among children residing within Latinx enclaves.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08880018.2022.2047850.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Muñiz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John P Woodhouse
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amy E Hughes
- Department of Population and Data Sciences and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sandi L Pruitt
- Department of Population and Data Sciences and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Karen R Rabin
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremy M Schraw
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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14
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Gutiérrez Á, Bravo RL, Tobin CT. Loneliness Exacerbates the Association Between Bodily Pain and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Latinx Adults. J Aging Health 2022; 34:1201-1212. [PMID: 36154318 DOI: 10.1177/08982643221127327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the associations between three bodily pain dimensions (intensity, frequency, severity) and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Latinxs ages 40-94 and to determine whether loneliness conditioned the pain-depressive symptoms associations. Methods: Data are from a community-based study of community-dwelling residents in Florida (N = 527). Multivariable linear regression models assessed the impact of each pain dimension on depressive symptoms, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Interactions determined whether loneliness moderated the pain-depressive symptoms relationships. Results: Each pain dimension was positively associated with depressive symptoms (p < .01). Loneliness modified the impact of pain frequency and pain severity on depressive symptoms. Those with moderate and high loneliness levels experienced an amplified pain-depressive symptoms association. Discussion: Findings underscore the synergistic effects of pain and loneliness in exacerbating depressive symptomatology among middle-aged and older Latinx adults. Loneliness is an important point of intervention to improve mental health among aging Latinxs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Gutiérrez
- Department of Social Medicine, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1354Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Rosana L Bravo
- Department of Health Sciences Education, College of Health Sciences, 6645Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Courtney Thomas Tobin
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, 25808University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Young MEDT, Crookes DM, Torres JM. Self-rated health of both US citizens and noncitizens is associated with state-level immigrant criminalization policies. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101199. [PMID: 36016587 PMCID: PMC9396227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that state-level restrictive immigrant policies are associated with health disparities between noncitizens and citizens. Most research has focused on Latinos and there is limited knowledge of the relationship between restrictive policies and citizenship status among other groups, particularly Asian and Pacific Islanders (API). We examined whether state-level criminalization policy contexts (e.g., law enforcement collaboration with immigration authorities, E-Verify employment authorization) were associated with self-rated health (SRH) by citizenship, with a focus on Latinos and APIs. We expected that criminalization policies would be associated with worse health for noncitizens and citizens, but with a more negative influence for noncitizens; and that this pattern would be the same for Latinos and APIs. We merged a state-level immigrant criminalization policy database with a multi-racial/ethnic sample from 2014 to 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS, n = 70,335). We tested the association between SRH and the number of state-level criminalization policies and generated predicted probabilities of noncitizens and citizens reporting excellent health in states with the most and fewest criminalization policies for the full sample, Latino, and API respondents. In states with the most criminalization policies, all noncitizens had a higher and all US-born citizens had a lower probability of excellent health. In states with the fewest criminalization policies there were no differences by citizenship status. Findings provide new evidence that state-level immigrant policies may harm the health of US-born citizens. As immigrant policymaking at the state level continues, understanding the relationship between state-level immigrant policies and health inequities across citizenship statuses will continue to be critical to improving population health. State policies that criminalize immigrants may harm the health of both noncitizens and citizens of different races/ethnicities. More state immigrant criminalization policies are associated with health inequities between US citizens and noncitizens. Immigrant criminalization policies are associated with worse self-reported health for US born citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elena De Trinidad Young
- Department of Public Health, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Danielle M Crookes
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences and Department of Sociology and Anthropology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Torres
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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The racial and cultural ecology of home and community-based services for diverse older adults. J Aging Stud 2022; 61:101023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2022.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Raymo JM, Wang J. Loneliness at Older Ages in the United States: Lonely Life Expectancy and the Role of Loneliness in Health Disparities. Demography 2022; 59:921-947. [PMID: 35502830 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-9937606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We provide an empirical foundation for research on the demography of loneliness at older ages. First, we use published life tables and data from the U.S.-based Health and Retirement Study for the period 2008-2016 to calculate lonely life expectancy for Americans aged 55 or older. Using Sullivan's method, we demonstrate pronounced differences in lonely life expectancy by sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment that correspond to well-established patterns of stratification in other dimensions of well-being. Next, we estimate models that decompose observed sex, racial/ethnic, and educational differences in three key health outcomes into the part explained (in a statistical accounting sense) by loneliness and the part accounted for by other factors. We find little evidence of an important role for loneliness in understanding disparities in mortality and the onset of physical disability and cognitive impairment among Americans aged 55 or older, net of several established correlates of health disparities. These descriptive findings provide an empirical foundation for continued development of a demography of loneliness at older ages in response to the anticipated growth in scientific and policy emphasis on loneliness and the fundamental life changes that have accompanied the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Raymo
- Department of Sociology and Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Sociology and Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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18
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Hargrove TW, Gaydosh L, Dennis AC. Contextualizing Educational Disparities in Health: Variations by Race/Ethnicity, Nativity, and County-Level Characteristics. Demography 2022; 59:267-292. [PMID: 34964867 PMCID: PMC9190239 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-9664206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Educational disparities in health are well documented, yet the education-health relationship is inconsistent across racial/ethnic and nativity groups. These inconsistencies may arise from characteristics of the early life environments in which individuals attain their education. We evaluate this possibility by investigating (1) whether educational disparities in cardiometabolic risk vary by race/ethnicity and nativity among Black, Hispanic, and White young adults; (2) the extent to which racial/ethnic-nativity differences in the education-health relationship are contingent on economic, policy, and social characteristics of counties of early life residence; and (3) the county characteristics associated with the best health at higher levels of education for each racial/ethnic-nativity group. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we find that Black young adults who achieve high levels of education exhibit worse health across a majority of contexts relative to their White and Hispanic counterparts. Additionally, we observe more favorable health at higher levels of education across almost all contexts for White individuals. For all other racial/ethnic-nativity groups, the relationship between education and health depends on the characteristics of the early life counties of residence. Findings highlight place-based factors that may contribute to the development of racial/ethnic and nativity differences in the education-health relationship among U.S. young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W. Hargrove
- Department of Sociology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Lauren Gaydosh
- Department of Sociology, Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Alexis C. Dennis
- Department of Sociology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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19
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Lee R, Qian Y, Wu C. Coethnic Concentration and Asians’ Perceived Discrimination across U.S. Counties during COVID-19. SOCIUS: SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR A DYNAMIC WORLD 2022; 8:23780231221124580. [PMID: 36186086 PMCID: PMC9513508 DOI: 10.1177/23780231221124580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aggregate figures unequivocally depict an increase in anti-Asian sentiment in the
United States and other Western countries since the start of the COVID-19
pandemic, but there is limited understanding of the contexts under which Asians
encounter discrimination. The authors examine how coethnic concentration shapes
Asians’ experiences of discrimination across U.S. counties during COVID-19 and
also assess whether county-level context (e.g., COVID-19 infection rates,
unemployment rates) could help explain this relationship. The authors analyze
the Understanding Coronavirus in America tracking survey, a nationally
representative panel of American households, along with county-level contextual
data. The authors find an n-shaped relationship between coethnic concentration
and Asians’ perceived discrimination. This relationship is explained largely by
county-level COVID-19 infection rates. Together, the context of medium Asian
concentration and high COVID-19 cases created a particularly hostile environment
for Asians during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rennie Lee
- University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Australia
| | - Yue Qian
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cary Wu
- York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Hemmige V, Arias CA, Pasalar S, Giordano TP. Skin and Soft Tissue Infection in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in a Large, Urban, Public Healthcare System in Houston, Texas, 2009-2014. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:1985-1992. [PMID: 31209457 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) disproportionately impact patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recent declines in the incidence of SSTIs have been noted in the non-HIV population. We sought to study the epidemiology and microbiology of SSTIs in a population of 8597 patients followed for HIV primary care in a large, urban county system from January 2009 to December 2014. METHODS SSTIs were identified from the electronic medical record by use of International Classification of Diseases-9 billing codes. Charts were reviewed to confirm each patient's diagnosis of acute SSTI and abstract culture and susceptibility data. We calculated the yearly SSTI incidences using Poisson regression with clustering by patient. RESULTS There were 2202 SSTIs identified. Of 503 (22.8%) cultured SSTIs, 332 (66.0%) recovered Staphylococcus aureus as a pathogen, of which 287/332 (86.4%) featured S. aureus as the sole isolated organism. Among the S. aureus isolates that exhibited antibiotic susceptibilities, 231/331 (69.8%) were methicillin resistant, and the proportion did not change by year. The observed incidence of SSTI was 78.0 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval 72.9-83.4) and declined from 96.0 infections per 1000 person-years in 2009 to 56.5 infections per 1000 person-years in 2014 (P < .001). Other significant predictors of SSTI incidences in both univariate as well as multivariate analyses included a low CD4 count, high viral load, and not being a Spanish-speaking Hispanic. CONCLUSIONS SSTIs remain a significant problem in the outpatients living with HIV, although rates of SSTIs appear to have declined by approximately 40% between 2009 and 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagish Hemmige
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Cesar A Arias
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, University of Texas Health McGovern Medical School, Houston.,Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health, School of Public Health, Houston.,Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit-International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Siavash Pasalar
- Harris Health System, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas P Giordano
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Administration Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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21
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Tseng M, Walton E, Handorf E, Fang CY. Ethnic density, social support, and loneliness among Chinese immigrants in Philadelphia. WELLBEING, SPACE AND SOCIETY 2021; 2:100050. [PMID: 34498015 PMCID: PMC8423378 DOI: 10.1016/j.wss.2021.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Living in more 'ethnically dense' areas is thought to promote health, possibly by facilitating social support and a sense of belonging. Because of kin networks and cultural obligations, family relationships may be particularly important for Asian immigrants. Chinese-origin individuals are the largest group of Asian Americans and among the most highly segregated, but the psychosocial benefits of living in Chinese neighborhoods are not established. We examined whether Chinese immigrants in areas of higher ethnic density report more social support from family and friends, and less loneliness. For 606 participants recruited 1/2016-5/2019 throughout the Philadelphia region, residences were linked to American Community Survey 2013-2017 data. Ethnic density, operationalized as percent of Census tract residents who were Chinese, was categorized into quintiles. Family/friend support and loneliness were self-reported, then dichotomized to distinguish high levels of family support, friend support, and loneliness. In logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and individual- and tract-level socioeconomic characteristics, ethnic density was associated with high family support (odds ratio (OR) 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09, 3.11) for highest vs. lowest ethnic density quintile)) and inversely associated with loneliness (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12, 0.79, highest vs. lowest quintile). Our findings support the hypothesis that residents of areas with higher ethnic density report more social support from family and less loneliness. Whether these benefits arise from characteristics of the community overall or from the aggregation of individual assets remains to be clarified but has implications for efforts to develop community resources that would benefit all their residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Tseng
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Kinesiology and Public Health, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA. (M. Tseng)
| | - Emily Walton
- Department of Sociology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Handorf
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn Y. Fang
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Assari S. Household Income and Children's Depressive Symptoms: Immigrants' Diminished Returns. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020; 8:157-164. [PMID: 34036110 DOI: 10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Relative to socially privileged groups, socially marginalized people experience weaker health effects of household income and other economic resources, a pattern known as Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs). These MDRs are frequently seen in racial and ethnic minorities, but less is known about the relevance of such MDRs in immigrant families. To investigate the MDRs of household income on children's depression as a function of immigration, we compared non-immigrant and immigrant children for the effect of household income on children's depressive symptoms. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted across multiple cities in the United States. Baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study collected in 2018 was used. A total of 6,412 children between the ages of 9-10-year-old were included. The predictor variable was household income. The primary outcome was children's depression measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Race, ethnicity, age, sex, parental marital status, parental employment, and financial difficulties were the covariates. Immigration status was the effect modifier. Results Overall, high household income was associated with lower children's depressive symptoms. Immigration status showed a statistically significant interaction with household income on children's depression. This interaction term suggested that high household income has a smaller protective effect against depression for immigrant children than non-immigrant children. Conclusion The protective effect of household income against children's depression is diminished for immigrant than non-immigrant children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.,Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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23
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Pachucki MC, Leal DF. Is having an educationally diverse social network good for health? NETWORK SCIENCE (CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS) 2020; 8:418-444. [PMID: 32944241 PMCID: PMC7491920 DOI: 10.1017/nws.2020.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
While network research often focuses on social integration as a predictor of health, a less-explored idea is that connections to dissimilar others may benefit well-being. As such, this study investigates whether network diversity is associated with changes in four health outcomes over a 3-year period of time in the U.S.A. Specifically, we focus on how an underexplored measure of network diversity-educational attainment assortativity-is associated with common self-reported outcomes: propensity to exercise, body-mass index, mental health, and physical health. We extend prior research by conducting multilevel analyses using this measure of diversity while adjusting for a range of socio-demographic and network confounders. Data are drawn from a longitudinal probability sample of U.S. adults (n = 10, 679) in which respondents reported information about themselves and eight possible alters during three yearly surveys (2013-2015). We find, first, that higher educational attainment is associated with more educationally insular networks, while less-educated adults have more educationally diverse networks. Results further suggest that having educationally similar networks is associated with higher body-mass index among the less educated. Further exploration of the relationship between ego network diversity, tie strength, and health is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Pachucki
- Department of Sociology, Computational Social Science Institute, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Diego F. Leal
- Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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24
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Riina EM, Lippert AM. Parent-child relationships in Latinx families: The role of immigrant concentration, residential stability, and generational status. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:2349-2363. [PMID: 32720383 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prior research links neighborhood immigrant concentration and residential stability to individual health outcomes. It remains unclear how neighborhood social organization extend to family functioning among immigrant families. Expanding the scope of research on neighborhoods and family relationships, this study draws on data from 1417 Latinx families (Myouth age = 10.19 years, SDyouth age = 3.34) to: (1) examine associations between neighborhood immigrant concentration, residential stability, and parent-child warmth and conflict in Latinx families, and (2) test whether associations vary by family generational status. Multilevel mod3els revealed that associations between immigrant concentration and parent-child relationships were contingent on residential stability, and that the association differed according to generational status. In general, stable neighborhoods with larger immigrant populations were associated with more warmth and less conflict for first- and second-generation families relative to foreign-born families. Discussion centers on the conditional role of neighborhood structural characteristics for family relationships among Latinx families and advances directions for future research on neighborhoods and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Riina
- Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Adam M Lippert
- Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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25
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Martinez-Cardoso A, Jang W, Baig AA. Moving Diabetes Upstream: the Social Determinants of Diabetes Management and Control Among Immigrants in the US. Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:48. [PMID: 32857197 PMCID: PMC9328159 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Relative to the US-born population, immigrants are less likely to successfully manage and control their diabetes, leading to a host of diabetes-related complications. This review draws on the social determinants of health framework (SDoH) to summarize the multilevel factors that shape diabetes care and management among immigrants in the USA. RECENT FINDINGS While the diabetes literature is replete with research on individual-level risk factors and health behaviors, empirical literature linking the SDoH to diabetes management among immigrants is limited. However, housing precarity, food insecurity, poverty, uninsurance and underinsurance, and limited support for immigrants in healthcare systems are consistently shown to deter diabetes management and care. Immigrants with diabetes face a multitude of structural constraints to managing their diabetes. More research that theorizes the role of SDoH in diabetes management along with empirical qualitative and quantitative studies are needed. Interventions to address diabetes also require a more upstream approach in order to mitigate the drivers of diabetes disparities among immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aresha Martinez-Cardoso
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Ave, MC 2000, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Woorin Jang
- The College, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arshiya A Baig
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Erving CL. Gendered tri-racial stratification and health disparities. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2020; 88-89:102427. [PMID: 32469737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2020.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive evidence confirming racial and gender health disparities, little research considers how race theory might aid in understanding these patterns. Using the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), this study fills this void by integrating two research areas-sociology of race and medical sociology-to assess the utility of Bonilla-Silva's tri-racial stratification perspective in predicting health patterns. More specifically, I address the following questions: is the tri-racial stratification thesis aligned with the health profiles of racial groups in the U.S.? Does the applicability of this perspective differ for women and men? Last, do the health patterns suggested by tri-racial stratification persist after adjusting for social factors (socioeconomic status and social support) often invoked to explain health disparities? Results indicate that the racial patterning of life-threatening conditions lend partial support for tri-racial stratification for women and men. Self-rated health findings yield counterintuitive patterns. Furthermore, social factors do not explain the majority of ethnic differences in health. Research and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy L Erving
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Sociology, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, 201E Garland Hall, Nashville, TN, 37235-1811, USA.
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Durazo EM, Haan MN, Dang K, Aiello AE, Torres JM. Nativity, Neighborhoods, and Body Composition in the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:239-249. [PMID: 31774118 PMCID: PMC7039378 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Globally, obesity influences the risk of many major chronic diseases. Our study examines the association between individual nativity and neighborhood level concentration of immigrants with 10-year changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) among older Latinos. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA) is a population-based prospective study of community-dwelling older adults of Mexican origin (baseline ages 58-101 years). The primary outcome was repeated measures of weight over a 10-year period for 1,628 respondents. Nativity was defined by participants' reported place of birth (US-born or Latin American foreign born). Neighborhood immigrant concentration was measured as the percentage of foreign born at census tract level (2000 US Census). We used linear mixed models with repeated measures of weight, height, BMI, and WC as dependent variables (level 1), clustered within individuals (level 2) and neighborhood migrant concentration (level 3). RESULTS Foreign born (FB) respondents had lower baseline weight than the US-born (mean, 160 vs. 171 lbs, p < .0001). Over time, weight differences between the FB and the US-born decreased by 1.7 lbs/5 years as US-born weight decreased more rapidly. We observed a significant interaction between individual nativity and neighborhood immigrant concentration (p = .012). We found similar patterns for BMI, but did not find statistically significant differences in WC trajectories. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our study observed significant differences by foreign born vs. US nativity in baseline weight/BMI and in their trajectories over time. Additionally, we found weight/BMI differences in neighborhood immigrant concentration for the FB, but not for the US-born.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Durazo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Center for the Study of Adversity and Cardiovascular Disease (NURTURE Center), Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mary N Haan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kristina Dang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jacqueline M Torres
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Ro A, Bruckner TA, Duquette-Rury L. Immigrant apprehensions and birth outcomes: Evidence from California birth records 2008-2015. Soc Sci Med 2020; 249:112849. [PMID: 32087487 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
While several studies find adverse birth outcomes among Latina mothers after discrete immigration enforcement events, it is unknown whether day-to-day enforcement activities precede adverse birth outcomes. This study examines birth outcomes among Latinas following local immigrant apprehensions-48-h holds on suspected undocumented immigrants by local law enforcement-over an 8-year period. County-level apprehensions, scaled to 1000 of the population, were averaged across the third trimester. We analyzed the association between county-level apprehensions and low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) between 2008 and 2015 in California using spline logistic regression models with knots at the quartiles of apprehensions and included covariates, county fixed-effects, and a time propensity variable to account for trend and seasonality in LBW and PTB. We performed these regressions for non-Hispanic White, all Latina, and foreign-born (FB) Latina mothers. There were no significant associations between apprehensions and LBW. For all Latina women, there were no differences in PTB between zero apprehensions and levels that were below the median. Latina mothers exposed to moderately high apprehensions had lower odds for PTB compared to zero apprehensions. At the highest levels of apprehensions, however, Latina women showed significantly elevated odds of PTB (at 0.71 apprehensions: OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12). PTB responded differentially to localized enforcement threats. At lower and moderate levels, Latino communities may have mobilized in ways that reduced the risk for PTB. Risks emerged at the highest levels of enforcement, underlying the intense fear and anxiety in hyper-surveilled areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Ro
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Tim A Bruckner
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Assari S, Cobb S, Cuevas AG, Bazargan M. Diminished Health Returns of Educational Attainment Among Immigrant Adults in the United States. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:535624. [PMID: 33329080 PMCID: PMC7728619 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.535624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs) refer to weaker health effects of educational attainment for socially marginalized groups compared to the socially privileged groups. Most of the existing literature on MDRs, however, has focused on marginalization due to race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. Thus, very limited information exists on MDRs of educational attainment among immigrant populations in the United States. Aims: Building on the MDRs framework and using a nationally representative sample of US adults, we compared immigrant and native-born adults for the effects of educational attainment on psychological distress, self-rated health (SRH), and chronic diseases (CDs). Methods: The 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) has enrolled 33,672 individuals who were either immigrant (n = 6,225; 18.5%) or native born (n = 27,429; 81.5%). The independent variable (IV) was educational attainment, which was treated as a categorical variable. The dependent variables included psychological distress, SRH, and CDs, all of which were dichotomous variables. Age, gender, race, ethnicity, and region were confounders. Immigration (nativity status) was the moderator. Results: Higher educational attainment was associated with lower odds of psychological distress, poor SRH, and CDs. However, immigration showed a significant statistical interaction with college graduation on all outcomes, which were suggestive of smaller protective effects of college graduation on psychological distress, poor SRH, and CDs for immigrant than native-born adults. Conclusions: In the US, the associations between educational attainment and psychological distress, SRH, and CDs are all weaker for immigrant than native-born adults. To prevent health disparities, it is essential to decompose health inequalities that are due to low educational attainment from those that are due to diminished returns of educational attainment (i.e., MDRs). There is a need to help highly educated immigrant adults secure positive health outcomes, similar to their native-born counterparts. Such changes may require bold and innovative economic, public, and social policies that help immigrant adults to more effectively mobilize their educational attainment to secure tangible outcomes. Elimination of health disparities in the US requires efforts that go beyond equalizing access to education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sharon Cobb
- School of Nursing, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adolfo G Cuevas
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Yang FJ. Is childhood migration a mental health risk? Exploring health behaviors and psychosocial resources as pathways using the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2019; 83:102303. [PMID: 31422841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on the Stress Process Model, this study investigates the effect of early migration on health behaviors and psychosocial resources. Further, I consider whether health behaviors and psychosocial processes lead to higher psychological distress for childhood immigrants in adulthood. Cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health 2012 (N = 4282) reveal that compared to adult immigrants, childhood immigrants are not only four times more likely to use drugs, but also experience greater interpersonal strain. However, health behaviors such as these contribute less to psychological distress than do psychosocial resources. Additionally, longer duration of migration is found to reduce psychological distress when controlling for age at migration, thus suggesting the migrant health literature should examine age-salient life challenges at the time of migration, instead of continuing to use duration of migration as a proxy for negative acculturation.
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Sheffield PE, Shmool JLC, Kinnee EJ, Clougherty JE. Violent crime and socioeconomic deprivation in shaping asthma-related pollution susceptibility: a case-crossover design. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019; 73:846-853. [PMID: 31289119 PMCID: PMC6820152 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2018-211816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the relative influence of community violent crime and socioeconomic deprivation in modifying associations between ozone and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma among children. Methods We used a spatiotemporal case-crossover analysis for all New York City EDs for the months May–September from 2005 to 2011 from a statewide administrative ED dataset. The data included 11 719 asthmatic children aged 5–18 years, and the main outcome measure was percentage of excess risk of asthma ED visit based on Cox regression analysis. Results Stronger ozone–asthma associations were observed for both elevated crime and deprivation (eg, on lag day 2, we found 20.0% (95% CI 10.2% to 30.6 %) and 21.0% (10.5% to 32.5%) increased risk per 10 ppb ozone, for communities in the highest vs lowest quartiles of violent crime and deprivation, respectively). However, in varied models accounting for both modifiers, only violence retained significance. Conclusions The results suggest stronger spatiotemporal ozone–asthma associations in communities of higher violent crime or deprivation. Notably, violence was the more consistent and significant modifier, potentially mediating a substantial portion of socioeconomic position–related susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry E Sheffield
- Environmental Medicine and Public Health and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessie L C Shmool
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ellen J Kinnee
- University Center for Social and Urban Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jane E Clougherty
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Non AL, León-Pérez G, Glass H, Kelly E, Garrison NA. Stress across generations: A qualitative study of stress, coping, and caregiving among Mexican immigrant mothers. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2019; 24:378-394. [PMID: 28669238 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1346184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hispanic immigrants represent the largest and fastest growing ethnic minority within the US, justifying increased attention to identify factors that influence declining immigrant health across generations. This study investigates the range of psychosocial stress exposures and coping mechanisms of Mexican immigrant mothers, and implications for the health of their US-born children. DESIGN We conducted 10 focus groups with 1st generation Mexican-born immigrant mothers (n = 32 women) in Nashville, TN, in the summer of 2014. Focus groups elicited challenges and benefits of life as an immigrant mother. Data were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach. RESULTS We identified four themes that indicate how maternal stressors could impact children's health: (1) work-family tradeoff, (2) limited freedom/mobility, (3) reduction of social networks, and (4) transmission of anxiety and fears to children. Women in our study also engage in a range of coping mechanisms, including the creation of new social networks, seeking support in religion, and seeking help from community resources. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of developing new questionnaires to elicit stress exposures for Mexican immigrant mothers. Findings also suggest the value of intervention strategies and social policies that would ultimately improve maternal and child health in this marginalized population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Non
- a Department of Anthropology , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
- b Department of Anthropology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | | | - Holly Glass
- b Department of Anthropology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Emma Kelly
- b Department of Anthropology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Nanibaa' A Garrison
- d Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics , Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Institute , Seattle , WA , USA
- e Department of Pediatrics, Division of Bioethics , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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Wang KH, Hendrickson ZM, Brandt CA, Nunez-Smith M. The relationship between non-permanent migration and non-communicable chronic disease outcomes for cancer, heart disease and diabetes - a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:405. [PMID: 30987618 PMCID: PMC6466700 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between migration and health has primarily focused on permanent migrants, although non-permanent migrants comprise a large proportion of global migrants. Non-permanent migrants may have distinct needs that affect their health outcomes. This systematic review 1) examined the evidence concerning whether non-permanent migrants have different health outcomes than other population groups for non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) and 2) sought to describe how non-permanent migration is defined and measured. METHODS For this systematic review, we developed a comprehensive search string for terms about non-permanent migration and disease and screening rates for three NCDs (cancer, heart disease, and diabetes) and searched thirteen electronic databases using the search string. Authors reviewed and evaluated articles for full-text review; hand-searched specific journals and grey literature; and scanned reference lists of relevant studies. Authors extracted and assessed data based on standard reporting for epidemiologic studies. RESULTS We identified twelve peer-reviewed articles that examined NCD outcomes for non-permanent migrants as compared to other populations. Some studies showed worse or no significant differences in the NCD outcomes for non-permanent migrants compared to other groups. The articles reflected substantial diversity that exists among non-permanent migrants, which ranged from economic migrants to nomadic populations. CONCLUSION Non-permanent migrants varied in their NCD outcomes as compared to other groups. Our included studies were heterogenous in their study designs and their definitions and measurement of non-permanent migration, which limited the ability to make conclusive statements about the health of the populations as compared to other populations. More standardization is needed in research to better understand the diversity in these populations and quantify differences in risk factors and disease rates between non-permanent migrants and other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen H Wang
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208093, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Equity Research and Innovation Center, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208093, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Zoé M Hendrickson
- Health, Behavior and Society Department, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia A Brandt
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcella Nunez-Smith
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208093, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Equity Research and Innovation Center, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208093, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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Bostean G, Andrade FCD, Viruell-Fuentes EA. Neighborhood stressors and psychological distress among U.S. Latinos: Measuring the protective effects of social support from family and friends. Stress Health 2019; 35:115-126. [PMID: 30318702 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether social support from family and friends, separately, reduce the deleterious effect of neighborhood stressors on psychological distress among Latinos by subgroup. Utilizing data from a nationally representative sample of 2,524 Latinos (National Latino and Asian American Survey), we found that neighborhood stressors were associated with higher distress among people with low and average levels of family support, although there was no significant association between neighborhood stressors and distress among those with high levels of family support. Although both family and friend support reduced the deleterious mental health impact of neighborhood stressors, when mutually adjusted, only family support remained statistically significant as a stress buffer and only for Mexicans and Cubans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Bostean
- Department of Sociology and Environmental Science and Policy Program, Chapman University, Orange, California, United States
| | | | - Edna A Viruell-Fuentes
- Department of Latina/Latino Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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Erving CL. Physical-psychiatric comorbidity: patterns and explanations for ethnic group differences. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2018; 23:583-610. [PMID: 28277029 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1290216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper examines ethnic differences in the co-occurrence of physical and psychiatric health problems (physical-psychiatric comorbidity) for women and men. The following ethnic groups are included: Non-Latino Whites, African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, Spanish Caribbean Blacks, Mexicans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, Other Latinos, Chinese, Filipinos, Vietnamese, and Other Asian Americans. In addition, the study assesses the extent to which social factors (socioeconomic status, stress exposure, social support) account for ethnic differences in physical-psychiatric comorbidity (PPC). DESIGN This study uses data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES) (N = 12,787). Weighted prevalence rates of physical-psychiatric comorbidity (PPC) - the co-occurrence of physical and psychiatric health problems - are included to examine ethnic group differences among women and men. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine group differences in PPC before and after adjusting for social factors. RESULTS Puerto Rican men have significantly higher risk of PPC in comparison to Non-Latino White men. Among women, Blacks and Cubans were more likely than Non-Latino Whites to experience PPC as opposed to 'Psychiatric Only' health problems. Social factors account for the Puerto Rican/Non-Latino White difference in comorbid health among men, but have little explanatory power for understanding ethnic differences in comorbidity among women. CONCLUSION These findings have implications for medical care and can guide intervention programs in targeting a specific constellation of co-occurring physical and psychiatric health problems for diverse ethnic groups in the United States. As comorbidity rates increase, it is crucial to identify the myriad factors that give rise to ethnic group differences therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy L Erving
- a Department of Sociology , University of North Carolina , Charlotte , USA
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Niño M, Cai T, Ignatow G, Yang P. Generational Peers and Alcohol Misuse. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/imre.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of generational peers on alcohol misuse among immigrant youth. We derive hypotheses from sociological theories of generations regarding race/ethnicity, gender, and immigrant generation and test these hypotheses using a measure that accounts for the proportion of peers within a given peer network that are of the same immigrant generation. Results show that generational ties decreased the odds of alcohol misuse for immigrants and that these effects depend partly on race/ethnicity and gender. We conclude that generational ties play a meaningful role in the health and well-being of immigrant youth, and discuss possible future avenues for research on immigrant generational peers.
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Marquez B, Norman G, Fowler J, Gans K, Marcus B. Egocentric networks and physical activity outcomes in Latinas. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199139. [PMID: 29912935 PMCID: PMC6005572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite data linking the social environment to physical inactivity in Latinas, research on social network predictors of physical activity (PA) is limited. This study examined social network predictors of PA change in Latinas. METHODS Egocentric network data were collected from 102 adult Latinas (egos) participating in a randomized controlled PA intervention trial for underactive women. Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was measured in minutes per week using the 7-Day PA Recall Interview and accelerometers at baseline and 12 months. Analyses characterized social network structure, composition, tie strength, homogeneity, and support for PA and determined the relationship between network characteristics and PA outcomes. RESULTS Networks had an average of four social ties (alters). Networks were high in density and transitivity and low in components, indicating high cohesion. Networks were primarily composed of females, Latinos, Spanish-speakers, and family members. Relationship ties were strong as evidenced by close living proximity, in-person contact, high emotional closeness, and long relationship duration. There was high homogeneity in demographics and PA behaviors. Multivariate analyses revealed that network size, familial ties, contact frequency, and ego-alter dissimilarities in age and running but similarities in walking, were associated with increased MVPA. Networks high in support for PA in the form of complimenting ego on exercise, taking over chores to allow ego to exercise, and co-participating with ego in exercise were also associated with greater MVPA. CONCLUSION These findings contribute to better understanding interpersonal processes that may influence behavior change in a group with especially low levels of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Marquez
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Greg Norman
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - James Fowler
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kim Gans
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bess Marcus
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Associations between cumulative neighborhood deprivation, long-term mobility trajectories, and gestational weight gain. Health Place 2018; 52:101-109. [PMID: 29883957 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Existing research on neighborhood environment and gestational weight gain (GWG) focuses on point-in-time measures of neighborhood context. This precludes understanding how long-term exposure to adverse neighborhood environments influences GWG. We estimated associations between average exposure to and trajectories of long-term neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and risk of inadequate or excessive GWG. Using data from 5690 full-term, singleton pregnancies in the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we estimated associations between cumulative deprivation and GWG, overall and by race/ethnicity, controlling for individual and residential covariates. A one standard deviation unit (8-point) increase in neighborhood deprivation increased risk of inadequate GWG (Relative Risk (RR): 1.08; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.00-1.16) for all women and excessive GWG (RR: 1.11; 95% CI 1.02-1.21) for white women. Persistent low deprivation (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64-0.94) and upward mobility (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.61-0.96), compared to persistent high deprivation, reduced risk of inadequate GWG. Persistent low deprivation also reduced risk of excessive GWG (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.71-0.98). Long-term neighborhood deprivation contributes to patterns of GWG over women's life course.
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Noah AJ, Landale NS. Parenting Strain among Mexican-origin Mothers: Differences by Parental Legal Status and Neighborhood. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2018; 80:317-333. [PMID: 29887641 PMCID: PMC5988371 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing recognition of the critical importance of legal status for understanding the well-being of immigrants and their families, there has been scant research on this topic due to data limitations. Using Wave 1 of the Los Angles Family and Neighborhood Survey (2000-2002) and the 2000 decennial census, we investigate how parenting strain among Mexican-origin mothers varies by legal status and neighborhood context. We find significant differences in parenting strain by nativity and legal status, with undocumented mothers reporting the lowest level. Results from multilevel models with cross-level interactions reveal that the influence of neighborhood immigrant concentration differs by legal status. Percent foreign born in the neighborhood is associated with reduced parenting strain for documented Mexican-origin mothers while it is associated with heightened parenting strain for undocumented Mexican-origin mothers. Findings provide empirical support for the need to recognize legal status distinctions in studies of the well-being of immigrants and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggie J. Noah
- School of Social Transformation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nancy S. Landale
- Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Hopkins AL, Yeoman M, Ritenbaugh C. Healthy foods prepared at home: Diet and support as protective strategies during pregnancy for Hispanic women. Ecol Food Nutr 2018; 57:140-161. [PMID: 29323534 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2018.1423971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Birth outcomes tend to be better among Hispanics than among other ethnic groups, even when matched for poverty and education, and foreign-born Latinas compared to their US-born counterparts. These patterns suggest that sociocultural factors exhibited by recent immigrants have the potential to protect birth outcomes against the instability of minority and low socioeconomic status. To discover potential sociocultural factors, a pilot qualitative study was carried out in Tucson, Arizona, with 18 Hispanic mothers. The two most prevalent factors reported were (1) a healthy diet prepared at home from minimally processed ingredients, and (2) constant and comprehensive social support. When comparing responses related to diet by interview language preference, a proxy for acculturation, there was very little difference between participants who interviewed in Spanish and those who interviewed in English. This result may be explained by greater maternal social support and higher education levels among those who interviewed in English.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Hopkins
- a Department of Anthropology , Texas A&M University, College Station , Texas , USA
| | - Michelle Yeoman
- b Departments of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences and Anthropology , Texas A&M University, College Station , Texas , USA
| | - Cheryl Ritenbaugh
- c Department of Family and Community Medicine , University of Arizona, Tucson , Arizona , USA
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Beltrán-Sánchez H, Palloni A, Riosmena F, Wong R. SES Gradients Among Mexicans in the United States and in Mexico: A New Twist to the Hispanic Paradox? Demography 2017; 53:1555-1581. [PMID: 27655408 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-016-0508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent empirical findings have suggested the existence of a twist in the Hispanic paradox, in which Mexican and other Hispanic foreign-born migrants living in the United States experience shallower socioeconomic status (SES) health disparities than those in the U.S. POPULATION In this article, we seek to replicate this finding and test conjectures that could explain this new observed phenomenon using objective indicators of adult health by educational attainment in several groups: (1) Mexican-born individuals living in Mexico and in the United States, (2) U.S.-born Mexican Americans, and (3) non-Hispanic American whites. Our analytical strategy improves upon previous research on three fronts. First, we derive four hypotheses from a general framework that has also been used to explain the standard Hispanic paradox. Second, we study biomarkers rather than self-reported health and related conditions. Third, we use a binational data platform that includes both Mexicans living in Mexico (Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006) and Mexican migrants to the United States (NHANES 1999-2010). We find steep education gradients among Mexicans living in Mexico's urban areas in five of six biomarkers of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in the overall MetS score. Mexican migrants living in the United States experience similar patterns to Mexicans living in Mexico in glucose and obesity biomarkers. These results are inconsistent with previous findings, suggesting that Mexican migrants in the United States experience significantly attenuated health gradients relative to the non-Hispanic white U.S. POPULATION Our empirical evidence also contradicts the idea that SES-health gradients in Mexico are shallower than those in the United States and could be invoked to explain shallower gradients among Mexicans living in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Room 41-257 CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA.
| | - Alberto Palloni
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fernando Riosmena
- Population Program, Institute of Behavioral Science and Geography Department, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Rebeca Wong
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Kang J, Cohen PN. Extended kin and children's behavioral functioning: Family structure and parental immigrant status. Soc Sci Med 2017; 186:61-69. [PMID: 28582657 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Erving CL. Physical-psychiatric comorbidity: Implications for health measurement and the Hispanic Epidemiological Paradox. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2017; 64:197-213. [PMID: 28364844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Few studies examine the co-occurrence of physical and psychiatric health problems (physical-psychiatric comorbidity), and whether these patterns differ across social groups. Using the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication and National Latino and Asian American Study, the current study asks: what are the patterns of physical-psychiatric comorbidity (PPC) between non-Hispanic Whites and Latino subgroups, further differentiated by gender and nativity? Does the PPC measurement approach reveal different patterns across groups compared to when only physical or only psychiatric health problems are the health outcomes of interest? To what extent do sociodemographic characteristics (SES, stress exposure, social support, immigration-related factors) explain PPC differences between groups? Results reveal that compared to U.S.-born non-Hispanic White men, island-born Puerto Rican men experience elevated PPC risk. Mexican and Other Latino women and men experience relatively lower risk of PPC relative to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Social factors explain some of the health disadvantage of island-born Puerto Rican men, but do not explain the health advantage of Mexicans and Other Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy L Erving
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Sociology, 9201 University City Blvd, Fretwell 490L, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA.
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Corrigan PW, Torres A, Lara JL, Sheehan L, Larson JE. Prioritizing the healthcare needs of Latinos with mental illness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CULTURE AND MENTAL HEALTH 2017; 10:19-32. [PMID: 30505348 PMCID: PMC6261424 DOI: 10.1080/17542863.2016.1246581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Latinos with serious mental illness have higher morbidity and mortality rates than same age peers. In this paper, we review findings of a community based participatory research project meant to identify important health needs of this group, barriers to these needs, solutions to the barriers and the promise of peer navigators as a solution. Findings from a prior qualitative study yielded 84 themes related to needs, barriers and solutions. These findings were transposed into individual items, to which 122 Latino participants with mental illness responded using a 7-point importance scale. Results showed item importance means ranging from 4.34 to 5.47, with counseling/therapy services and mental health treatment topping the list for healthcare needs. Analyses also examined differences between those born in the USA versus those born elsewhere. Latinos who were native to the USA differed significantly from those born abroad in over one quarter of importance ratings. Implications of these findings for integrated care of Latinos with serious mental illness are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Corrigan
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alessandra Torres
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Juana L Lara
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lindsay Sheehan
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathon E Larson
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
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Hilfinger Messias DK, Sharpe PA, Del Castillo-González L, Treviño L, Parra-Medina D. Living in Limbo: Latinas' Assessment of Lower Rio Grande Valley Colonias Communities. Public Health Nurs 2016; 34:267-275. [PMID: 27921331 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Community asset mapping (CAM) is the collective process of identifying local assets and strategizing processes to address public health issues and concerns and improve quality of life. Prior to implementing a community-based physical activity intervention with Latinas in the Texas Lower Rio Grande Valley, promotoras [community health workers] conducted 16 interactive sessions in 8 colonias. The analysis of the transcribed CAM recordings and on-site observational data resulted in the construction of Living in Limbo as the thematic representation of these Latinas' social isolation and marginalization associated with pervasive poverty, undocumented immigration status or lack of citizenship, their fears emanating from threats to physical and emotional safety, and the barriers created by lack of availability and access to resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia A Sharpe
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Laura Treviño
- Texas A&M University Lower Rio Grande Colonias Program, Weslaco, Texas
| | - Deborah Parra-Medina
- Latino Research Initiative, Mexican American and Latina/o Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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46
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Ethnic Enclaves and Type II Diabetes: a Focus on Latino/Hispanic Americans. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-016-0518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Landale NS, Oropesa RS, Noah AJ, Hillemeier MM. Early cognitive skills of Mexican-origin children: The roles of parental nativity and legal status. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2016; 58:198-209. [PMID: 27194660 PMCID: PMC4873712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although one-third of children of immigrants have undocumented parents, little is known about their early development. Using data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey and decennial census, we assessed how children's cognitive skills at ages 3 to 5 vary by ethnicity, maternal nativity, and maternal legal status. Specifically, Mexican children of undocumented mothers were contrasted with Mexican children of documented mothers and Mexican, white, and black children with U.S.-born mothers. Mexican children of undocumented mothers had lower emergent reading skills than all other groups and lower emergent mathematics skills than all groups with U.S.-born mothers. Multilevel regression models showed that differences in reading skills are explained by aspects of the home environment, but the neighborhood context also matters. Cross-level interactions suggest that immigrant concentration boosts emergent reading and mathematics skills for children with undocumented parents, but does not similarly benefit children whose parents are native born.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Landale
- Department of Sociology, 211 Oswald Tower, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - R S Oropesa
- Department of Sociology, 211 Oswald Tower, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Aggie J Noah
- Department of Sociology, 211 Oswald Tower, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Marianne M Hillemeier
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, 604 Ford Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Marquez B, Gonzalez P, Gallo L, Ji M. Latino Civic Group Participation, Social Networks, and Physical Activity. Am J Health Behav 2016; 40:437-45. [PMID: 27338990 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.40.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined whether social networks and resource awareness for physical activity may mediate the relationship between civic group participation and physical activity. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of a randomly selected sample of 335 Latinos (mean age 42.1 ± 16.4 years) participating in the San Diego Prevention Research Center's 2009 Household Community Survey. Serial multiple mediation analysis tested the hypothesis that civic group participation is associated with meeting physical activity recommendations through an indirect mechanism of larger social networks followed by greater knowledge of physical activity community resources. RESULTS The indirect effects of level of civic group participation as well as religious, health, neighborhood, or arts group participation on meeting national physical activity recommendations were significant in models testing pathways through social network size and physical activity resource awareness. The direct effect was only significant for health group indicating that participating in a health group predicted physical activity independent of social network size and awareness of physical activity resources. CONCLUSION Belonging to civic groups may promote physical activity engagement through social network diffusion of information on community physical activity resources which has implications for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Marquez
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Patricia Gonzalez
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Linda Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ming Ji
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Latino residential segregation and self-rated health among Latinos: Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2012-2014. Soc Sci Med 2016; 159:38-47. [PMID: 27173739 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between Latino residential segregation and self-rated health (SRH) is unclear, but might be partially affected by social capital. We investigated the association between Latino residential segregation and SRH while also examining the roles of various social capital measures. Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2012-2014) and U.S. Census data were linked by zip code and zip code tabulation area. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate odds of good or better SRH by Latino residential segregation, measured by the Gini coefficient, and controlling for sociodemographic, acculturation and social capital measures of neighborhood ties, collective socialization of children, and social control. The Latino residential segregation - SRH relationship was convex, or 'U'-shaped, such that increases in segregation among Latinos residing in lower segregation areas was associated with lower SRH while increases in segregation among Latinos residing in higher segregation areas was associated with higher SRH. The social capital measures were independently associated with SRH but had little effect on the relationship between Latino residential segregation and SRH. A convex relationship between Latino residential segregation and SRH could explain mixed findings of previous studies. Although important for SRH, social capital measures of neighborhood ties, collective socialization of children, and social control might not account for the relationship between Latino residential segregation and SRH.
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50
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Molina Y, Plascak JJ, Patrick DL, Bishop S, Coronado GD, Beresford SAA. Neighborhood Predictors of Mammography Barriers Among US-Based Latinas. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2016; 4:233-242. [PMID: 27059049 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how neighborhood factors are associated with Latinas' barriers to cancer screening, including mammography. To address this gap, we examined barriers to mammography by neighborhood racial/ethnic composition and socioeconomic status among a federally qualified health center (FQHC)-based sample of non-adherent Latinas in Western Washington State. METHODS Baseline data were drawn from a larger intervention study (n = 536 Latinas). Women indicated why they had not obtained a mammogram in the past 2 years (no reason, knowledge, psychocultural, economic). American Community Survey (2007-2011) data were used to calculate four neighborhood measures that were categorized in tertiles (T): socioeconomic-based concentration, socioeconomic-based segregation, Latino-based concentration, and Latino-based segregation. RESULTS The proportion of women reporting knowledge-, psychocultural-, and economic-based reasons for not obtaining mammograms in the past 2 years was, respectively, 0.35, 0.19, and 0.31. Approximately 14 % indicated no particular reason. Relative to women residing in areas with greater Latino-based segregation, women in areas with less Latino-based segregation were less likely to report knowledge-based and economic-based reasons for not obtaining a mammogram (p ≤ 0.05). Relative to women residing in areas with greater concentration of Latinos, women in areas with the lowest concentrations were less likely to report knowledge-based reasons for not obtaining a mammogram (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide important information about the role of neighborhood characteristics and mammography use among Latinas obtaining care from FQHCs. Future research might examine the mediating role of neighborhood characteristics in the efficacy of mammography screening interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamile Molina
- Community Health Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jesse J Plascak
- Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donald L Patrick
- Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sonia Bishop
- Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gloria D Coronado
- Kaiser Permanente Research Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shirley A A Beresford
- Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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